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Avation PLC

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FY2020 Annual Report · Avation PLC
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ANNUAL REPORT 

ANNUAL REPORT 2020

65 Kampong Bahru Road

Singapore 169370

www.avation.net

L I S T E D

S T A N D A R D
SHARES

Reuters/BBG

Index:

LSE

AVAP.LN

AVAP

FTSE Sector:

Industrial Transportation

FTSE Sub Sector: Transportation Services

2020

Annual Report 2020

OUR FLEET (As at 30 June 2020)

Aircraft Type

In Operation Ordered Options

Boeing B777-300ER

Airbus A330-300

Airbus A321-200

Airbus A320-200

Airbus A220-300

A220

A220AIRBUS

Boeing B737-800

Fokker 100

ATR 72-600

ATR 72-500

Total

1

1

7

2

6

1

2

22

6

48

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8

-

8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

25

-

25

Boeing 777-300ER

Airbus A330-300

Airbus A321-200

Airbus A320-200

Airbus A220-300

Fokker F100

ATR 72-600

ATR 72-500

AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT AND 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED  

30 JUNE 2020 

REGISTERED NUMBER: 05872328 (ENGLAND & WALES) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONTENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Company Information ..................................................................................................................... 1 

Chairman’s Statement .............................................................................................................. 2 – 3 

Strategic Report ...................................................................................................................... 4 - 12 

Directors’ Report ................................................................................................................... 13 – 17 

Directors’ Remuneration Report .............................................................................................. 18 – 26 

Directors’ Responsibilities Statement .............................................................................................. 27 

Auditor’s Report  ................................................................................................................... 28 - 37 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss ......................................................................................... 38 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income .......................................................................... 39 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position ................................................................................... 40 

Company Statement of Financial Position ........................................................................................ 41 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity .......................................................................... 42 – 43 

Company Statements of Changes in Equity .............................................................................. 44 - 45 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows ............................................................................................ 46 

Company Statement of Cash Flows ................................................................................................ 47 

Notes to the Financial Statements ......................................................................................... 48 - 120

 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

COMPANY INFORMATION 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

DIRECTORS: 

COMPANY SECRETARIES: 

REGISTERED OFFICE: 

PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS: 

AUDITOR: 

SOLICITORS: 

REGISTRAR: 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Roderick Douglas Mahoney 
Stephen John Fisher 
Derek Sharples  

Duncan Gerard Stephen Scott  
Jasmine Siow Fui San  

5 Fleet Place 
London EC4M 7RD 
United Kingdom 

65 Kampong Bahru Road 
Singapore 169370 

Ernst & Young  
EY Building 
Harcourt Centre 
Harcourt Street 
2 Dublin 
Ireland 

Charles Russell Speechlys LLP 
5 Fleet Place 
London EC4M 7RD 
United Kingdom 

Computershare Investor Services PLC 
The Pavilions 
Bridgewater Road 
Bristol BS99 6ZZ 
United Kingdom 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Overview 

•  Revenue increased 14% to a record $135.3 million; 
•  Unrealised gain on aircraft purchase rights of $27.1 million recognised; 
•  Cash and bank balances increased 7% to $114.6 million; 
• 

Impairment  losses  of  $35.5  million  recognised,  reflecting  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  industry 
and customer disruption; 

•  Profit before taxation decreased 43% to $14.6 million, in challenging conditions; and 
•  Net cash from operating activities increased 20% to $88.5 million. 

Operational highlights 

•  Two aircraft were repossessed from Thomas Cook and transitioned to VietJet; 
•  Three new ATR72-600 aircraft were acquired during the year; 
•  Three Fokker 100 aircraft were transferred to the lessee on completion of finance leases; 
•  First ever commercial aircraft financed with a Green loan – recognised by Airline Economics as 

“Deal of the Year for Innovation”; and 

•  Ongoing  management  of  exposure  to  Virgin  Australia  administration  with  transition  of  five  of 

13 aircraft on lease to date. 

COVID-19 Strategy  

•  The Company has implemented a strategy to preserve liquidity and cashflow; 
•  Short-term rent deferrals totalling approximately $13.1 million granted to airline customers; 
•  Loan repayment deferrals totalling approximately $24.4 million obtained from secured lenders; 

and 

•  The Company has elected to temporarily pause capital expenditure and dividends. 

Business review 

Avation has posted a satisfactory result in a volatile environment. Avation is profitable in a challenging 
time for both the airline and aircraft leasing sector.  

At  the  outset  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  Avation  instituted  a  programme  of  support  for  its  airline 
customers  by  agreeing  to  defer  payment  of  a  portion  of  their  rent  in  the  short-term.  The  cashflow 
impact of this support programme has been mitigated by adjusting the amortisation profiles of related 
financings  with  the  agreement  of  lenders.  Since  the  start  of  the  pandemic  the  Company  has  also 
reduced  administration  costs  and  has  instituted  a  temporary  pause  on  capital  expenditure  with  the 
goal of preserving liquidity. 

The  Company  believes  that  airlines  will  require  significant  number  of  leased  aircraft  in  the  post 
pandemic phase due to the vast number of older aircraft that have been retired and the impact of the 
pandemic  on  airline  balance  sheets,  reducing  their  ability  to  purchase  aircraft  directly.  This  supports 
the Company strategy of being focussed on relatively new and popular commercial aircraft types. 

The Company is fortunate that some of its largest customers are in countries where there has been a 
brief  or  manageable  impact  from  the  pandemic.  We  are  now  observing  a  return  to  service  of  certain 
customers including VietJet, airBaltic, EVA Air and Mandarin Airlines which combined represent of the 
order of 60% of Avation’s future unearned contracted leasing revenue. 

Avation  is  optimistic  about  the  long-term  opportunity  for  airline  travel  particularly  the  turboprop  and 
narrow-body  aircraft  sectors.  The  Company  will  position  itself  for  a  return  to  growth  through 
opportunistic purchases and delivery of its orderbook in a post pandemic environment  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Dividend 

The Board declared an interim dividend of 2.1 US cents per share in respect of the six months ended 
31 December 2019, which was paid 9 January 2020. 

A dividend of 8.5 US cents per share declared in respect of the financial year ended 30 June 2019 was 
paid on 18 October 2019.  

The  Company  advised  in  May  2020  that  as  part  of  the  COVID-19  strategy  to  preserve  liquidity  there 
would be no further dividends for this financial period. 

Market Positioning and Risk 

Avation’s  strategy  is  to  target  growth  and  diversification  by  adding  new  airline  customers,  while 
maintaining a low average aircraft age and long remaining lease term metrics. Avation focuses on new 
and  relatively  new  commercial  passenger  aircraft  on  long-term  leases.  Avation  is  capable  of  owning, 
managing and leasing turboprop, narrowbody and twin-aisle aircraft and engines. 

The  Company’s  business  model  involves  rigorous  investment  criteria  and  has  a  history  of  delivering 
consistent  profitability  while  seeking  to  mitigate  the  risks  associated  with  the  aircraft  leasing  sector. 
Avation will typically sell mid-life and older aircraft and redeploy capital to newer assets. This approach 
is intended to mitigate technology change risk, operational and financial risk, support sustained growth 
and deliver long-term shareholder value. 

Avation  is  an  active  trader  of  aircraft  and  from  time  to  time  will  consider  the  acquisition  or  sale  of 
individual or smaller portfolios of aircraft, based on prevailing market opportunities and consideration 
of risk and revenue concentrations. 

Outlook 

The  Company’s  continuing  focus  for  the  2021  financial  year  is  to  preserve  liquidity  and  maintain 
cashflow while the pandemic persists and the airline industry is severely impacted. 

Management believes that the risks associated with its portfolio of assets have been reduced through 
the growth and diversification that has been achieved in recent years.  

In  addition  to  operational  cash  flows,  funding  is  traditionally  sourced  from  capital  markets,  asset-
backed  bank  lending  and  disposal  of  selected  aircraft.  Access  to  acceptably  priced  funding  is  a  risk, 
which  is  common  to  all  capital-intensive  businesses.  Specific  risks  which  are  inherent  to  the  aircraft 
leasing  industry  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  ongoing  pandemic  impacts  on  travel,  the 
creditworthiness  of  airline  customers,  over-production  of  new  aircraft  and  market  saturation, 
technology change, residual value risks, competition from other lessors and the risk of impairment of 
aircraft assets.      

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman 
Singapore 
29 October 2020 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

The Directors present their strategic report for the year ended 30 June 2020. 

BUSINESS OVERVIEW 

Avation  PLC  and  its  subsidiaries  (“Avation”,  the  “Group”)  is  a  commercial  passenger  aircraft  leasing 
group  managing  a  fleet  of  48  aircraft,  as  of  30  June  2020,  which  are  leased  to  airlines.  Avation  was 
founded in 2006 and has now been in operation for 14 years, generating a profit every year.  Avation 
leases aircraft to 18 airline customers spread across 15 countries in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, 
as  of  30  June  2020.    Major  customers  include  Vietjet  Air,  airBaltic,  EVA  Air  and  Philippine  Airlines. 
During  the  year  ended  30  June  2020  Avation  added  four  new  airline  customers.  The  Group’s  fleet 
includes  18  narrow-body  jets,  two  twin-aisle  jets  and  28  ATR  72  twin-engine  turboprop  aircraft.  An 
analysis of the fleet is provided below under “Fleet Overview”.  

Avation operates from its headquarters in Singapore where it is tax resident and, since 17 April 2014, 
a beneficiary of the Singapore Aircraft Leasing Scheme (“ALS”) tax incentive. On 17 April 2019 Avation 
was granted a five-year extension to its ALS tax incentive at a reduced 8% tax rate. 

Avation’s management team has extensive experience in the aviation industry and has the expertise to 
select,  acquire  and  manage  aircraft  that  have  achieved  strong  operational  performance  for  our 
customers  and  generated  stable  returns  for  our  shareholders.    The  company  maintains  in-house 
commercial, legal, technical and finance teams and operates as a full-service aircraft leasing platform. 

Avation aims to grow its fleet and continue to diversify its customer base over the coming years.  The 
Group  has  eight  ATR  72-600  aircraft  on  order  from the  manufacturer,  four  of  which  are  scheduled  to 
be  delivered  in  the  coming  financial  year.    The  Group  also  holds  purchase  rights  for  a  further  25 
aircraft. The Group may also acquire additional new and second-hand jet aircraft on an ad-hoc basis.  
Older aircraft are sold when opportunities arise with the aim of maintaining a low average fleet age. 

Avation is listed on the main list of the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol LSE: AVAP. 

BUSINESS MODEL 

Avation aims to grow its fleet and build long-term shareholder value by focussing on a) new turboprop 
regional aircraft, principally the popular and fuel-efficient ATR 72-600 model and b) new and second-
hand  jets,  in  particular  the  popular  Airbus  A320/A321,  A220  and  Boeing  737  families  of  narrow-body 
jet aircraft.  The Group will also consider acquiring additional twin-aisle aircraft in future as part of its 
strategy  to  build  a  diversified  portfolio  of  aircraft.  Owning  a  diversified  portfolio  of  aircraft  types  is 
intended  to  mitigate  overall  market  and  residual  value  risk.  As  the  fleet  grows,  the  Group  seeks  to 
continually diversify its customer base as part of its overall credit risk management strategy.   

The  Group  finances  the  acquisition  of  new  aircraft  using  internally  generated  cash  flows,  senior  and 
junior  secured  debt  finance,  the  issuance  of  unsecured  notes  under  its  Global  Medium-Term  Note 
programme  and  the  issuance  of  new  ordinary  shares.    The  Group  manages  debt  issuance  with  the 
overall aim of achieving the lowest possible overall cost of debt, while maintaining appropriate leverage 
ratios.  Debt  on  older  aircraft  may  be  re-financed  when  there  is  an  opportunity  to  reduce  the  Group’s 
overall cost of debt, and to release equity for investment in new aircraft. 

The Board applies prudent financial management principles to manage risk when acquiring aircraft by 
seeking to match lease and financing in both term and currency.  Interest rate risk is managed using 
mostly  fixed  or  hedged  interest  rate  debt.    Secured  loans  amortise  to  conservative  balloon  payments 
over the terms of the underlying leases. 

The  Avation  fleet  of  48  aircraft  (as  of  30  June  2020)  has  a  weighted  average  age  of  4.1  years  and 
weighted average remaining lease term of 6.9 years, serving a diversified customer base of airlines in 
Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

MARKETS TRENDS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 

Aircraft leasing is a growth industry which, historically, has taken an increasing share of ownership of 
the commercial passenger aircraft fleet.  Avation expects that the percentage of leased aircraft in the 
global fleet will remain high in future due to the flexibility that the leasing model provides for airlines 
and also due to increased access to financial capital for leasing companies. 

The  aircraft  leasing  industry  benefits  from  good  long-term  fundamentals  including  growth  in  global 
demand for air travel, capital constraints amongst airlines and normal cycles of aircraft replacement.  

The world fleet of commercial passenger aircraft is predicted to grow substantially with aircraft traffic 
expected to double every 15 years. Airbus forecasts that over 39,000 aircraft (replacement and growth) 
will  be  required  over  the  next  20  years,  of  which  42%  are  expected  to  be  in  Asia-Pacific,  19%  in 
Europe, 17% in North America, and of the total, 76% are expected to be single aisle. 1   

Comparatively  low  interest  rates  and  improved  access  to  capital,  including  unsecured  debt,  are 
supporting the growth plans of established leasing companies and new entrants into the global aircraft 
leasing  market.  Many  stand-alone  aircraft  lessors  have  improved  their  leverage  profile  over  the  last 
several years and have been able to diversify funding sources.  

1 Airbus Global Market Forecast 2019-2038 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                        
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The aircraft leasing sector is highly competitive and Avation is exposed to a number of market related, 
operational  and  financial  risks.  The  Group  is  committed  to  mitigating  business  risk  through  the 
application of prudent risk management policies. The risks and uncertainties described below are those 
that  the  Group  has  identified  as  most  significant  to  the  business.  Avation’s  Board  of  Directors  is 
responsible for managing risk and reviews risk management policies regularly. 

Market related risks: 
Exposure to the airline industry 
The  Group’s  customers  are  commercial  airlines  which  are  financially  exposed  to  the  demand  for 
passenger air travel.  The financial condition of commercial airlines may weaken due to several factors 
including  but  not  limited  to  local  and  global  economic  conditions,  increased  competition  between 
airlines,  speculative  ordering  of  new  aircraft,  war,  terrorism,  pandemics  and  natural  disasters.  If  the 
financial condition of the Group’s airline customers weakens for any reason, the Group may be exposed 
to increased risks of lessee default and lower lease rates for its aircraft. 

Asset value risk 
Fluctuations in the supply and demand for aircraft and aircraft travel may impact values of and lease 
rates  for  the  Group’s  aircraft.  Market  forces  and  prevailing  economic  conditions  may  change  over  the 
economic  lives  of  the  Group’s  aircraft  and  could  have  a  positive  or  negative  impact  on  aircraft 
valuations. 

Advances  in  aircraft  technology  may  create  obsolescence  in  the  fleet  before  the  end  of  aircrafts’ 
current  estimated  useful  lives.  The  Group  regularly  obtains  independent  third-party  valuations  for  its 
fleet and may dispose of aircraft in order to reduce its exposure to certain aircraft types.  Avation has a 
policy  of  investing  in  popular  aircraft  types  on  the  basis  that  asset  values  and  lease  rates  will  be 
supported by continuing high demand for these aircraft. Avation will consider acquiring additional twin-
aisle  aircraft,  in  addition  to  narrow-body  jets  and  turboprops,  as  part  of  its  strategy  to  build  a 
diversified  portfolio  of  aircraft.  Twin-aisle  aircraft  have  a  risk  profile  which  may  be  more  exposed  to 
technology change factors and the introduction of new more fuel-efficient models.  

Operational risks: 
Economic, legal and political risks 
Avation  leases  aircraft  to  lessees  in  many  different  jurisdictions.    As  such  the  Group  is  exposed  to 
economic,  legal  and  political  risk  in  those  jurisdictions.    Avation’s  aircraft  are  subject  to  operational 
risks specific to the aviation sector resulting from war, acts of terrorism or the threat of terrorism, and 
natural  disasters.  The  Group  mitigates  against  these  risks  by  requiring  airline  lessees  to  maintain 
adequate insurance over the aircraft. 

Regulatory risks 
Avation’s fleet operates in many jurisdictions and complies with tax and other regulatory requirements 
in those jurisdictions.  There is a risk that changing tax and regulatory regimes may have an impact on 
the business and the Group’s financial results.  

Lessee risks 
Avation’s airline lessees are responsible for all maintenance and safety checks.  The requirements for 
each airline lessee to service and maintain the aircraft are set out in the lease agreements.  There is a 
risk that airlines may not properly maintain aircraft which may lead to an impairment of the aircraft’s 
value.  In order to mitigate against this risk, the Group closely monitors each airline’s usage of aircraft 
and  their  compliance  with  agreed  maintenance  schedules.    Avation  requires  that  some  lessees  make 
maintenance reserve payments in order to ensure that there is adequate funding at all times for proper 
maintenance of the aircraft. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Financial risks: 
Avation’s  financial  risk  management  objectives  and  policies  are  set  out  in  note  7  to  the  financial 
statements and are as follows: 

•  Airline industry risks 
•  Credit risk 
• 
• 
• 
•  Capital risk 

Interest rate risk 
Foreign currency risk 
Liquidity risk 

FINANCIAL REVIEW 

Revenue 

Other income 

Operating profit 

Total profit 

Net cash from operating activities 

Total assets 

Total equity 

Basic earnings per share 

Dividend per share 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

135,274 

119,055 

1,270 

70,361 

9,716 

88,506 

215 

77,165 

25,691 

73,607 

1,415,584 

1,392,750 

221,022 

240,757 

15.39 cents 

40.26 cents 

10.60 cents 

  9.25 cents 

Revenue  increased  by  13.6%  to  US$135.3  million  (2019:  US$119.1  million)  primarily  as  a  result  of 
growth in the aircraft fleet.  

Other  income  increased  by  US$1.1  million  to  US$1.3  million  (2019:  US$0.2  million)  primarily  due  to 
higher foreign currency exchange gains of US$0.5 million (2019: US$nil) and the release of a deposit 
received from an airline which failed to take delivery of aircraft of US$0.2 million (2019: US$nil). 

Depreciation  increased  by  13.9%  to  US$46.7  million  (2019:  US$41.0  million)  as  a  consequence  of 
growth in the aircraft fleet and reductions in the residual value estimates for two widebody aircraft. 

Gains  on  sales  of  aircraft  during  the  period  were  US$3.2  million  (2019:  US$10.0  million)  and 
impairment losses were US$35.5 million (2019: US$nil).   

During  the  current  year,  the  Group  recognised  gains  on  disposal  of  aircraft  of  US$3.2  million  (2019: 
US$10.0 million) in connection with the inception of finance leases for three aircraft. During the prior 
year  the  Group  sold  two  narrow-body  aircraft  for  at  prices  in  excess  of  10%  above  net  book  value, 
generating  sale  profits  of  US$8.7  million  and  also  recorded  gains  of  US$1.0  million  on  recognition  of 
finance leases for two aircraft. 

Impairment  losses  of  US$6.3  million  were  recognised  in  relation  to  two  widebody  aircraft  following  a 
change in residual value estimates.  Impairment losses of US$18.9 million were recognised in relation 
to  aircraft  formerly  leased  to  Virgin  Australia  who  defaulted  on  leases  and  filed  for  administration  in 
April  2020.    Impairment  losses  of  US$9.5  million  were  incurred  on  two  aircraft  formerly  leased  to 
Thomas  Cook  Airlines  Limited  who  defaulted  on  leases  and  entered  compulsory  liquidation  in 
September 2019.   

Administrative  expenses  increased  8.2%  to  US$11.9  million  (2019:  US$11.0  million)  primarily  due  to 
increased  staff  costs  of  US$5.9  million  (2019:  US$5.2  million)  arising  from  additional  headcount 
associated  with  managing  a  larger  aircraft  fleet.  As  a  percentage  of  revenue  administrative  expenses 
decreased to 8.8% (2019: 9.2%).  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Other  expenses  were  US$2.4  million  (2019:  US$0.2  million).    Other  expenses  in  the  current  period 
include  aircraft  repossession  costs  of  US$1.4  million  (2019:  US$nil)  resulting  from  the  default  of 
Thomas  Cook  Airlines  and  expected  credit  losses  on  receivables  of  US$0.7  million  (2019:  US$0.2 
million).   

Operating  profit  decreased  8.8%  to  US$70.4  million  (2019:  US$77.2  million)  as  a  result  of  the 
foregoing.  

Finance  expenses  increased  by  3.4%  to  US$57.2  million  (2019:  US$55.3  million)  and  total  interest 
expense within finance expenses increased to US$50.5 million (2019: US$48.0 million). The increases 
in  finance  expenses  and  total  interest  expense  were  primarily  attributable  to  new  debt  incurred  to 
finance  aircraft  acquisitions  during  the  year.    Interest  expense  on  the  unsecured  notes  issued  under 
the Company’s Global Medium-Term Note programme (“GMTN”) was US$22.7 million (2019: US$21.9 
million).  During the year the Notes outstanding under the GMTN decreased from US$350.0 million to 
US$349.0 million.  

Finance income was US$1.5 million (2019: US$3.7 million).  The decrease was primarily due to lower 
break gains resulting from the termination of interest rate swaps of US$nil (2019: US$0.2 million) and 
lower fair value gains on derivative interest rate swap contracts of US$nil (2019: US$0.8 million). 

Most of the Group’s operations are based in Singapore and are included in Singapore’s Aircraft Leasing 
Scheme (“ALS”), benefitting from a concessionary tax rate. Taxation expense for the year was US$4.9 
million (2019: a credit of US$0.1 million).  The tax charge for the year was impacted by a net increase 
in  deferred  tax  liabilities  of  US$4.6  million  (2019:  a  reduction  of  US$3.3  million).    The  reduction  in 
deferred  tax  liabilities  in  2019  primarily  arose  from  renewal  of  the  Group’s  ALS  tax  incentive  at  a 
reduced 8% tax rate.  

Net  cash  from  operating  activities  increased  by  20.2%  to  US$88.5  million  (2019:  US$73.6  million) 
primarily due to higher revenue. 

Total profit after tax for the financial year decreased 62.3% to US$9.7 million (2019: US$25.7 million).  

Basic earnings per share decreased by 61.8% to 15.4 US cents (2019: 40.3 US cents). 

The  Company  confirms  that  there  have  been  no  changes  to  its  accounting  policies  other  than  the 
adoption of new IFRS standards and interpretations as set out in the notes to the financial statements. 

FLEET OVERVIEW 

Type 

1 July 2019 

Additions 

Disposals 

30 June 2020 

On order  

Purchase 
rights 

ATR 72-500 

ATR 72-600 

A220-300 

A320-200 

A321-200 

A330-300 

B737-800 

B777-300ER 

Fokker 100 

Total 

6 

19 

6 

2 

7 

1 

1 

1 

5 

48 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

3 

8 

6 

22 

6 

2 

7 

1 

1 

1 

2 

48 

- 

8 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8 

- 

25 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

The  Company  added  three  new  ATR  72-600s  to  the  fleet  during  the  year.  Three  Fokker  100  aircraft 
were  sold  during  the  year.  As  of  30  June  2020,  the  weighted  average  age  of  the  fleet  was  4.1  years 
(2019: 3.4 years) and the weighted average remaining lease term was 6.9 years (2019: 7.5 years).  

The aircraft fleet was valued as of 30 June 2020 by a third-party valuer using lease encumbered basis 
in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy. The revaluation of the fleet resulted in a net negative 
adjustment  of  aircraft  net  book  values  of  US$5.0  million  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
changes  in  equity  (2019:  positive  adjustment  of  US$8.6  million)  and  impairment  charges  of  US$35.5 
million (2019: US$nil).   

Two Fokker 100 and five ATR 72-600 aircraft are classified as leased under finance leases.  

DEBT SUMMARY 

Loans and borrowings 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Net indebtedness 

Loan to value ratio 

Weighted average cost of secured debt 

Weighted average cost of total debt 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

1,071,738 

1,078,288 

35,290 

61,689 

1,036,448 

1,016,599 

75.7% 

3.6% 

4.5% 

77.4% 

3.7% 

4.6% 

Loans and borrowings decreased due to loan repayments exceeding additional secured debt issued to 
fund  fleet  acquisitions  during  the  year.  Net  indebtedness  increased  due  to  the  reduction  in  cash  and 
cash equivalents exceeding net loan repayments. 

The  weighted  average  cost  of  secured  debt  facilities  decreased  to  3.6%  as  at  30  June  2020  (2019: 
3.7%) principally due to the impact of repayments of higher cost loans and new loans issued to fund 
fleet growth benefiting from a comparatively low interest rate environment. 

The weighted average cost of total debt was 4.5% as of 30 June 2020 (2019: 4.6%). 

At  the  end  of  the  financial  period,  Avation’s  overall  loan  to  value  ratio  (defined  as  total  loans  and 
borrowings divided by total assets) was 75.7% (2019: 77.4%) and 90.7% of total debt was at fixed or 
hedged interest rates (2019: 92.0%). The proportion of unsecured debt to total debt was 32.3% (2019: 
32.0%). 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

In  April  2020  Japan  Credit  Rating  Agency  downgraded  Avation’s  issuer  rating  to  B  with  a  negative 
outlook. 

In  May  2020,  Fitch  Ratings  downgraded  Avation’s  issuer  rating  to  B  (B-  for  unsecured  notes)  and 
placed the rating on watch negative. 

In  August  2020,  S&P  Global  Ratings  downgraded  Avation’s  issuer  rating  to  CCC  (CCC-  for  unsecured 
notes) and placed the rating on watch negative. The Company’s current credit ratings are as follows: 

Rating Agency 

Corporate Credit Rating 

Unsecured Notes Rating 

Standard & Poor’s 
Fitch Ratings 

Japan Credit Rating Agency 

CCC credit watch negative 
B rating watch negative 

B negative 

CCC- 
B- 

NR 

Aircraft  leasing  is  a  capital-intensive  industry.  Avation  manages  interest  rate  risk  is  managed  as 
outlined  in  the  risk  management  section  of  the  note  7  in  the  notes  to  the  financial  statements.  Any 
potential  future  increases  in  interest  rates  could  impact  the  level  of  profitability  of  any  new  business 
the  group  undertakes  although  this  could  be  mitigated  by  higher  lease  rates  reflecting  the  current 
interest rate environment. 

ENVIRONMENT 

Avation is committed to environmental responsibility as part of its business strategy. This is achieved 
by  investing  in  technologically  advanced  designs  of  commercial  aircraft  that  offer  improved  fuel 
efficiency  and  lower  emissions.  A  substantial  percentage  of  our  fleet  are  modern  regional  turboprop 
aircraft which provide significant environmental benefits over comparable jet aircraft due to their more 
economical use of fuel and consequently lower carbon dioxide emissions.  Recent additions to the fleet 
have  included  6  new  technology  A200-300  aircraft,  which  provide  significantly  reduced  fuel 
consumption and emissions in comparison to older aircraft. 

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 

Avation is committed to the principles of being a good corporate citizen. For the 2020 financial year the 
group did not have any material matters to report on social, community and human rights issues. 

EMPLOYEES 

A  breakdown  by  gender  of  the  number  of  persons  who  were  Directors  of  the  Company,  senior 
managers and other employees as of 30 June 2020 is set out below: 

Directors of the Company 

Senior managers 

Other employees 

Male 

Female 

4 

4 

9 

- 

- 

6 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

SECTION 172(1) STATEMENT 

On the following pages we have set out how the Board has acted in a way that promotes the success of 
the  Company  for  the  benefit  of  its  members  as  a  whole,  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulations 2018, whilst having regard to the following matters 
set  out  in  s.172(1)  of  the  Act.    This  reporting  requirement  applies  to  the  Company  for  the  first  time 
this year.  

The likely consequences of any decision in the long term 

The  board  is  mindful  that  is  should  make  decisions  which  are  the  best  for  the  Company  in  the  long 
term. The nature of the business of aircraft leasing is long-term, with typical aircraft leases being for 
ten  or  twelve  years  duration  for  new  aircraft.  The  Company  does  undertake  the  trading  of  aircraft 
where  they  have  reached  a  certain  age  and  when  market  conditions  are  favourable.  However,  the 
transfer of an aircraft with a lease attached to it is transaction which would typically take three to five 
months to complete and therefore such transactions are undertaken on strategic time-frames.  Equity 
released  from  the  sale  of  aircraft  is  typically  re-invested  in  financing  or  re-financing  the  purchase  of 
aircraft. 

The interests of the Group’s employees 

The board actively engages with employees to ensure that staff are kept up to date and informed. The 
Company  has  regular  management  meetings  at  which  typically  two  of  the  Company’s  executive 
directors are present and which are attended by the majority of the Company’s employees.  

Throughout  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  staff  have  received  regular  communications  and  updates  from 
the Board to ensure that they are kept up to date and informed in respect of action being taken by the 
business,  and  of  the  impact  of  the  situation  on  business  performance,  with  management  meetings 
being held on a daily basis.  

The need to foster the Group’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others 

Suppliers 

The  Company  has  long-term  relationships  with  its  suppliers  which  are  primarily  comprised  of 
commercial  lending  organisations  such  banks  and  other  financial  institutions,  as  well  as  the 
manufacturers of aircraft and aircraft engines.  

Customers 

The Company has eighteen airline customers and maintains close relationships with them, indeed this 
is  inherent  in  the  nature  of  aircraft  leasing.  In  particular,  the  Company  needs  to  ensure  that  its 
customers are looking after and maintaining the aircraft and are otherwise complying with the terms of 
the respective aircraft leases. 

The impact of the Group’s operations on the community and the environment  

The  board  recognises  the  importance  of  managing  the  community  impact  of  the  business  and 
minimising  any  adverse  impact  of  our  operations  on  the  environment.  The  Company  carried  out  a 
review of its environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and a copy of this report can be 
found on the Company’s website at: www.avation.net/ESG.html 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

The  desirability  of  the  Group  maintaining  a  reputation  for  high  standards  of  business 
conduct 

The  board  expects  the  highest  standards  of  conduct  throughout  the  business,  both  in  respect  of 
employees and in respect of its suppliers, advisers and agents. The board receives regular updates in 
respect of matters of regulatory compliance, and the business has policies, procedures and processes 
in place in respect of modern slavery, bribery and corruption. 

The need to act fairly as between members of the Company 

The  Company  has  a  single  class  of  ordinary  shares so  all  shareholders  are  treated  equally.  Details  of 
how  we  engage  with  shareholders  can  be  found  in  our  corporate  governance  statement  in  the 
Directors’ Report. 

On behalf of the board 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman 

29 October 2020 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

The Directors present their report and financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2020. 

Principal activities and business review 

The  principal  activity  of  the  Group  is  aircraft  leasing.    Details  of  activities  carried  out  by  subsidiary 
companies are set out in Note 23 to these financial statements. 

The  principal  risks  and  uncertainties  affecting  the  Group’s  turnover  are  described  in  the  Strategic 
Report. 

The  full  business  review  including  KPI’s  can  be  found  in  the  Strategic  Report  and  in  Note  7  to  these 
financial statements. The Group has reviewed environmental matters in the Strategic Report. 

Results and dividends 

The  consolidated  statement  of  profit  or  loss  and  the  consolidated  statement  of  other  comprehensive 
income for the year are set out on in these financial statements. The Company paid a dividend of 8.50 
US cents on 18 October 2019 and a dividend of 2.10 US cents on 9 January 2020.   

Avation’s dividend policy is, subject to having the reserves to do so and within any restrictions imposed 
by debt covenants, to declare a dividend if the Board considers that it is in the best long-term interests 
of  the  Company  and  its  shareholders.  The  dividend  policy  is  progressive,  in  that  if  reserves  are 
available the dividend shall increase. 

Directors and their interests 

The  Directors  who  served  the  Company  during  the  year  together  with  their  interests  and  deemed 
interests in the shares of the Company at the beginning and end of the year, were as follows: 

Direct interest 

Deemed interest 

30 June 

2020 

1 July 

2019 

30 June 

2020 

1 July 

2019 

Ordinary shares of £0.01 each: 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield  

Roderick Douglas Mahoney 

Stephen John Fisher 

Derek Sharples 

1 

1 

11,605,000 

11,605,000 

756,667 

700,000 

5,000 

30,000 

5,000 

10,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Significant shareholdings 

Ordinary shares of £0.01 each: 

JP Morgan Securities LLC  

Lynchwood Nominees Limited 

State Street Nominees Limited 

Roy Nominees Limited 

HSBC Global Custody Nominee (UK) 

Equal Opportunities Policy 

Ordinary 

shares 

Percentage 

16,065,318 

25.63% 

5,619,675 

5,516,838 

5,017,735 

4,394,635 

8.97% 

8.80% 

8.01% 

7.01% 

It  is  the  Group's  policy  to  employ  individuals  with  the  necessary  qualifications  without  regard  to  sex, 
marital  status,  race,  creed,  colour,  nationality  or  religion.  Full  and  fair  consideration  is  given  to 
applications for employment made by disabled persons having regard to their particular aptitudes and 
abilities. 

The  Group  recognises  the  great  importance  of  the  contribution  made  by  all  employees  and  aims  to 
keep  them  informed  of  matters  affecting  them  as  employees  and  developments  within  the  Group. 
Communication and consultation is achieved by a variety of means both within individual companies or 
branches and on a group-wide basis. 

Directors' Insurance 

The  Group  maintains  insurance  policies  on  behalf  of  all  the  Directors  against  liability  arising  from 
negligence, breach of duty and breach of trust in relation to the Group.  

Future Developments 

In  accordance  with  s414C(11)  of  the  Companies  Act  2006,  the  Directors  have  chosen  to  include 
information about future developments in the Chairman’s Statement and Strategic Report. 

Financial Instruments 

See Note 7 to these financial statements. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Going Concern 

The Directors’ assessment of the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern is detailed in Note 3(e) 
to the financial statements. The Note in its entirety is deemed to be incorporated into and form part of 
the Directors’ Report. 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statement 

Usage  of  the  Company’s  aircraft  is  under  the  control  of  lessees  who  are  not  required  to  provide 
emissions data to the Company.  

Carbon  emissions  are  estimated  by  converting  the  Company's  energy  usage  in  kilowatt  hours  (KWh) 
into kilograms (Kg) of carbon dioxide emitted using Singapore's Grid Emission Factor (GEF), a measure 
of  the  amount  of  carbon  dioxide  emitted  per  kilowatt  hour  of  electrical  energy  generated  in 
Singapore.   Energy  usage  is  based  on  electricity  consumption  at  the  Company's  sole  office  in 
Singapore. 

In the year ended 30 June 2020 the Company used 40,756 KWh of energy (2019: 41,461 KWh) which 
was converted to estimated carbon emissions of 17,069 Kg (2019: 17,380 Kg) using a GEF of 0.4188 
(2019: 0.4192). 

Capital Structure 

Details of the Company’s issued share capital, together with details of the movements therein during the 
financial year are shown in Note 28.  The Company has one class of ordinary shares which carry no right 
to fixed income.  Each share carries the right to one vote at general meetings of the Company.   

There are no specific restrictions on the size of a holding nor on the transfer of shares, which are both 
governed by the general provisions of the Articles of Association and prevailing legislation.  The Directors 
are  not  aware  of  any  agreements  between  holders  of  the  Company’s  shares  that  may  result  in 
restrictions on the transfers of securities or on voting rights. 

Details of employees share option schemes are set out in Note 34.  

No  person  has  any  special  rights  of  control  over  the  Company’s  share  capital  and  all  issued  shares  are 
fully paid. 

With regards to the appointment and replacement of Directors, the Company is governed by its Articles 
of Association, the Companies Act and related legislation.  The Articles themselves may be amended by 
special resolution of the shareholders.   

Corporate Governance Statement 

The  Board  is  accountable  to  the  shareholders  for  the  good  corporate  governance  of  the  Group.  The 
principles  of  corporate  governance  and  a  code  of  best  practice  are  set  out  in  the  UK  Corporate 
Governance Code issued in April 2016. The Company is not required to comply with the Code in full nor 
state any areas with which it does not comply. The Board has adopted policies that it considers to be 
appropriate for the Company’s size and nature. 

The Board acts as the administrative, management and supervisory body overseeing the operation of 
the  Group.  The  Board  consist  of  two  Executive  Directors  (Robert  Jeffries  Chatfield  and  Roderick 
Douglas  Mahoney)  and  two  Non-Executive  Directors  (Stephen  John  Fisher  and  Derek  Sharples).  The 
Board meets at least six times a year; matters for discussion at formal meetings are clearly laid down 
and  decisions  recorded.  The  Board  is  responsible  for  overall  corporate  strategy;  the  reviewing  and 
approval of acquisition and divestment opportunities; the approval of significant capital expenditures; 
the review of budgets; trading performance; and all significant financial and operational issues. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

The Company operates the following committees whose members are detailed below: 

•  Audit Committee - Robert Jeffries Chatfield, Stephen John Fisher and Derek Sharples; and 
•  Risk  Committee  –  Derek  Sharples,  Stephen  John  Fisher,  Iain  Cawte  (non-Board  member), 

Duncan Scott (non-Board member) and Richard Wolanski (non-Board member); and 

•  Remuneration Committee - Robert Jeffries Chatfield, Roderick Douglas Mahoney, Stephen John 

Fisher and Derek Sharples 

The Board is responsible for identifying and evaluating the major business risks faced by the Company 
and for determining and monitoring the appropriate course of action to manage these risks.  The key 
risks  the  Company  faces  are  described  in  the  risk  assessment  section  of  this  annual  report  and 
accounts. 

The Board conducts a review of the effectiveness of the Company’s systems of internal control and risk 
management on an annual basis.  Following this review, it has concluded that the Company’s financial, 
operational and compliance controls, and risk management procedures are appropriate and suitable to 
enable the Board to safeguard shareholders’ investments and the Company’s assets. 

The process and systems of internal control are designed to manage, rather than eliminate, the risk of 
failure  to  achieve  the  Company’s  objectives,  and  can  therefore  only  provide  reasonable  and  not 
absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. 

Statement as to disclosure of information to auditors 

•  So far as the Directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's 

auditors are unaware, and 

• 

They  have  taken  all  the  steps  that  they  ought  to  have  taken  as  Directors  in  order  to  make 
themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors 
are aware of that information. 

Auditor 

Ernst  &  Young  have  indicated  their  willingness  to  continue  in  office  and  in  accordance  with  s489  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. A resolution proposing that they be reappointed as auditors of the Company will be 
put to the Annual General Meeting. 

Purchase of own shares 

During the financial year ended 30 June 2020 the Company bought 1,910,000 treasury shares at prices 
ranging from 220 pence to 295 pence per share.   

During the previous financial year ended 30 June 2019 the Company bought 300,000 treasury shares at 
prices ranging from 285 pence to 292 pence per share. 

By  a  resolution  passed  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  held  on  21  November  2019  the  Company’s 
Directors are authorised to buy back shares not exceeding 30 per cent of the total number of shares in 
issue on that date. Share buy backs may be at market prices but not under £2.00 and not above £4.50 
and not above a price equal to the higher of (i) 105% of the average of the middle market quotations for 
the share price for the five business days preceding the buy-back date and (ii) the higher of the price for 
the last independent share trade and the amount stipulated pursuant to Article 5(6) of the Market Abuse 
Regulation (EU) No. 596/2014 per share, excluding commissions and other related expenses. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Subsequent events 

See Note 40 to these financial statements. 

Information to be included in annual report 

In  accordance  with  the  UK  Financial  Conduct  Authority’s  Listing  Rules  (LR  9.8.4C),  the  following  table 
provides  references  to  where  the  information  to  be  included  in  the  annual  report  and  accounts,  where 
applicable, under LR 9.8.4, is set out. 

Listing Rule requirement 

Reference 

Details  of  any  long-term  incentive  schemes  as  required 
by LR 9.4.3 R. 

Directors’  Remuneration  report  and  Notes  to  the 
Financial Statements – Note 34, Share Based Payments 

Details  of  any contract  of  significance subsisting  during 
the  period  under  review to  which  the listed  company,  or 
one of its subsidiary undertakings, is a party and in which 
a Director of  the listed  company is  or  was  materially 
interested. 

On behalf of the board 

Notes  to  the  Financial  Statements  –  Note  8,  Related 
Party Transactions 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Introduction 

This report has been prepared in accordance with Schedule 8 of the Large and Medium Companies and 
Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 as amended in August 2013.  As required a resolution 
to  approve  the  Directors’  remuneration  will  be  proposed  at  the  forthcoming  Annual  General  Meeting  of 
the Company at which the financial statements will be approved.  The vote will have advisory status, will 
be in respect of the remuneration policy and overall remuneration packages and will not be specific to the 
individual levels of remuneration. 

The information in the Directors’ Remuneration Report is not audited, unless specifically stated that the 
section is subject to audit.  

Statement by the Chair of the Remuneration Committee  

The Company’s remuneration policy remains substantially unchanged for 2020. Key aspects of the policy 
are to attract and retain executives; be consistent with best practices and to ensure alignment between 
performance and compensation.  

Remuneration (audited) 

The components of remuneration are: 

• 

• 
• 

basic  salary  and  benefits  determined  by  the  Remuneration  Committee  which  are  included  in 
employment agreements and reviewed annually; 
bonuses based upon performance of the Company and the individual concerned; and 
share warrants. 

Component  Purpose 

Operation & framework used to assess performance 

Salary and 
benefits 

To  provide  the  core  reward  for 
the  role  at  a  sufficient  level  to 
recruit  and  retain  individuals  of 
the  necessary  competence 
to 
execute  the  company’s  business 
strategy. 

Operation:  
Salaries  are  typically  set  after  considering  salary  levels  in 
companies  of  a 
the 
responsibilities of each individual role, progression within the 
role,  individual  performance  and  an  individual’s  experience. 
Our  overall  policy,  having  had  due  regard  to  the  factors 
noted,  is  normally  to  target  salaries  at  the  market  median 
level. 

complexity, 

size  and 

similar 

Salaries  may  be  adjusted  in  line  with  the  market  and 
adjustments  out  of  line  with  the  market  may  be  awarded  in 
certain  circumstances  such  as  where  there  is  a  change  in 
responsibility,  progression  in  the  role,  experience  or  a 
significant increase in the scale of the role and/or size, value 
and/or  complexity  of  the  Group.  Salary  levels  for  current 
incumbents are set out elsewhere in this report. 

Framework used to assess performance: 
The  remuneration  committee  considers  individual  salaries  at 
the  appropriate  committee  meeting  each  year  after  having 
due regard to the factors noted in operating the salary policy. 
No recovery provisions apply to salary. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Bonuses 

incentivise  and 
the 
of 

To 
execution 
strategy on a semi-annual basis. 

recognise 
business 

Operation:  
Bonuses are paid in cash twice yearly to Directors based on a 
target  percentage  of  the  employee’s  basic  salary.  All  bonus 
payments  are  at  the  discretion  of  the  Committee,  as  shown 
following this table. 

Framework used to assess performance: 
The  remuneration  committee  will  assess  company  and 
to  prior  year  and 
individual  performance  compared 
expectations for the current year. Individual performance will 
also  be  assessed  against  key  performance  metrics 
established 
in 
awarding  bonuses  include  share  price  appreciation;  increase 
in  the  Company’s  earnings  per  share;  reliable  and  high 
quality financial reporting; growth in asset value and profits; 
and dividend growth. 

for  each  executive.  Metrics  considered 

Share 
Warrants  

incentivise  and 
To 
execution 
the 
of 
strategy over the long-term. 

recognise 
business 

Operation:  
Each year share warrants and/or performance shares awards 
may  be  granted  subject  to  the  achievement  of  performance 
targets. Awards normally vest over a three-year period. 

Framework used to assess performance: 
Same as for bonus. 

Individual Director’s remuneration was as follows: 

Salaries 
and fees 
US$’000s 

Bonuses 

US$’000s 

Taxable 
benefits 
US$’000s 

Share 
warrants 
US$’000s 

Total 
2020 
US$’000s 

Total 
2019 
US$’000s 

Executive Directors: 
Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Roderick Douglas Mahoney 

Non-Executive 
Directors: 
Stephen John Fisher 
Derek Sharples 

655 
407 

45 
45 

-   
224   

51   
-   

202 
105 

-   
-   

-   
-   

- 
- 

908 
736 

45 
45 

803 
637 

45 
45 

1,152 

224   

51   

307 

1,734 

1,530 

Bonuses are subject to the discretion of the Remuneration Committee and are awarded after assessing 
company  and  individual  performance  compared  to  prior  years  and  expectations  for  the  current  year. 
Individual performance is also assessed against key performance metrics established for each executive. 

Taxable benefits mainly relate to housing expenses. 

The information in this part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report is subject to audit. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Service contracts 

The  employment  contracts  of  the  Executive  Directors  with  the  Company  are  terminable  by  either  party 
with the notice in writing to the other detailed in the table below. 

The Directors’ service contracts are as follows: 

Date of contract 

term 

Unexpired 

Compensation 

payable on 

early 

termination 

Notice 

period 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 

Roderick Douglas Mahoney 

Stephen John Fisher 

Derek Sharples 

29 April 2013 

1 July 2016 

29 April 2014 

15 November 2016 

Indefinite 

Indefinite 

Indefinite 

Indefinite 

4 months 

4 months 

1 month 

1 month 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Share options and warrants (audited) 

The Group has an ownership-based compensation scheme for employees of the Group.  

Warrants are granted to employees of the Group to promote: 

Improvement in the Company’s earnings per share; 

• 
•  Reliable and high quality financial reporting; 
•  Growth in asset value and profits; and 
•  Growth in dividends. 

Each share warrant converts into one ordinary share of Avation PLC on exercise. No amounts are paid 
or are payable by the recipient on receipt of the warrant. The warrants carry neither rights to dividends 
nor  voting  rights.  There  are  no  performance  conditions  that  need  to  be  met  before  warrants  can  be 
exercised.   

Warrants  granted  to  Directors  on  27  November  2017  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  with  details  as 
follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 27 November 2018 

On 27 November 2018 and before 27 November 2019 

On 27 November 2019 and before 27 November 2020 

On 27 November 2020 to 31 December 2020 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per cent of 
the grant if warrants were not exercised after the first 
vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants were 
not exercised after the first and second vesting years 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Warrants  granted  to  Directors  on  5  September  2018  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  with  details  as 
follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 6 September 2019 

On 6 September 2019 and before 6 September 2020 

On 6 September 2020 and before 6 September 2021 

On 6 September 2021 to 6 October 2021 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per cent of 
the grant if warrants were not exercised after the first 
vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants were 
not exercised after the first and second vesting years 

Warrants granted to Directors on 8 March 2019 have a 3-year vesting schedule with details as follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 9 March 2020 

On 9 March 2020 and before 9 March 2021 

On 9 March 2021 and before 9 March 2022 

On 9 March 2022 to 9 April 2022 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per cent of 
the grant if warrants were not exercised after the first 
vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants were 
not exercised after the first and second vesting years 

Warrants  granted  to  Directors  on  20  September  2019  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  with  details  as 
follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 21 September 2020 

On 21 September 2020 and before 21 September 2021 

On 21 September 2021 and before 21 September 2022 

On 21 September 2022 to 21 October 2022 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per cent of 
the grant if warrants were not exercised after the first 
vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants were 
not exercised after the first and second vesting years 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Warrants  granted  to  Directors  on  21  November  2019  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  with  details  as 
follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 22 November 2020 

On 22 November 2020 and before 22 November 2021 

On 22 November 2021 and before 22 November 2022 

On 22 November 2022 to 22 December 2022 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per cent of 
the grant if warrants were not exercised after the first 
vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants were 
not exercised after the first and second vesting years 

The following share warrants issued to Directors were outstanding at the year-end: 

Director 

Robert Jeffries 
Chatfield * 
Robert Jeffries 
Chatfield * 
Robert Jeffries 
Chatfield * 
Robert Jeffries 
Chatfield * 
Robert Jeffries 
Chatfield * 
Roderick Douglas 
Mahoney 
Roderick Douglas 
Mahoney 
Roderick Douglas 
Mahoney  
Roderick Douglas 
Mahoney 
Roderick Douglas 
Mahoney 

Date 
granted 

Warrant 
price 

Balance at 
beginning of 
year 

Granted 
during the 
year 

Exercise 
during the 
year 

Balance at 
end of year 

27 Nov 2017 

215.0p 

255,000 

6 Sept 2018 

232.0p 

760,000 

8 Mar 2019 

294.5p 

250,000 

- 

- 

- 

20 Sept 2019 

296.0p 

21 Nov 2019 

274.5p 

- 

- 

450,000 

300,000 

27 Nov 2017 

215.0p 

170,000 

6 Sept 2018 

232.0p 

450,000 

8 Mar 2019 

294.5p 

150,000 

- 

- 

- 

20 Sept 2019 

296.0p 

21 Nov 2019 

274.5p 

- 

- 

180,000 

120,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

255,000 

760,000 

250,000 

450,000 

300,000 

(56,667) 

113,333 

- 

- 

- 

- 

450,000 

150,000 

180,000 

120,000 

*  Robert  Jeffries  Chatfield  was  granted  the  share  warrants  and  assigned  these  to  Epsom  Assets 
Limited.   

For warrants exercised by both Directors during the year the market price was 292.5p at the date of 
exercise.    The  aggregate  amount  of  gains  made  by  directors  on  the  exercise  of  the  warrants  was 
US$0.05 million. 

The closing market price of the shares subject to warrants at the year-end was 175.0p.  The highest and 
lowest closing market prices during the year were 333.5p and 105.0p. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Company’s performance  

The graph below shows the total shareholder return on a holding of shares in the Company as against 
the  average  total  shareholder  return  of  the  companies  comprising  the  FTSE100  index.  The  FTSE  100 
Index was selected because in the opinion of the Board it is the most appropriate for the Company for 
the purposes of a benchmark. 

Remuneration of Executive Chairman 

2020 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

Executive Chairman single figure 
remuneration (US$’000) 
Annual bonus pay-out (as % of 
maximum) 
Long term incentive vesting rates 
against maximum opportunity % 

908 

- 

N/A 

803 

- 

N/A 

682 

- 

N/A 

541 

15% 

N/A 

699 

- 

N/A 

The  table  above  shows  the  prescribed  remuneration  data  for  the  Director,  Robert  Jeffries  Chatfield, 
Executive Chairman undertaking the role of Group Chief Executive Officer during each of the last five 
financial years.  

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Percentage change in remuneration of Chief Executive Officer 

The table below sets out the percentage change in the remuneration of the Executive Chairman who is 
undertaking the role of Group Chief Executive Officer compared to that of all employees of the Group. 

Change in remuneration  

from 2019 to 2020 

% change 

in taxable 

% change in 

% change 

benefits 

in annual 

and share 

base salary 

bonus 

warrants 

Executive Chairman 

All employees 

8% 

5% 

0% 

27% 

29% 

16% 

Relative importance of spend on pay 

The Chart below displays the relative expenditure of the Company on various matters, as required (in 
the  case  of  remuneration  for  group  employees  and  shareholder  distributions)  by  the  relevant 
remuneration regulations: 

(cid:32)(cid:29)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:31)(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:30)(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:30)(cid:29)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:29)(cid:1)

(cid:31)(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:35)(cid:38)(cid:30)(cid:1)

(cid:26)(cid:35)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:1)

(cid:38)(cid:25)(cid:36)(cid:30)(cid:35)(cid:1)

(cid:30)(cid:33)(cid:41) 

(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:34)(cid:1)

(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:38)(cid:30)(cid:35)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:35)(cid:41)(cid:1)

(cid:34)(cid:25)(cid:37)(cid:33)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:1)

(cid:35)(cid:25)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:32)(cid:1)(cid:1)

(cid:4)(cid:14)(cid:18)(cid:5)(cid:11)(cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:14)(cid:16)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:16)(cid:14)(cid:21)(cid:15)(cid:1)
(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:11)(cid:14)(cid:23)(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:17)(cid:1)

(cid:2)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:18)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:13)(cid:10)(cid:13)(cid:9)(cid:17)(cid:1)

(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:22)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:15)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:1)

(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:30)(cid:38)(cid:1)

(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:1)

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Directors’ remuneration policy 

The Company applies a policy for Directors’ remuneration which is designed to meet the following 
objectives: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

provide a fair and transparent remuneration policy that is in alignment with shareholders’ 
interests; 

provide both immediate and incentive remuneration that is sufficient to attract and retain 
executives; 

be consistent with best practice for governance of stock exchange listed companies; 

allow claw-back of incentives from executives should previous performance be found to have 
led to future adverse circumstances for the Company; and 

ensure alignment between performance and compensation. 

The Company targets the following outcomes in applying its policy to ensure alignment of Directors’ 
remuneration and shareholders’ interests: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

share price appreciation; 

increase in the Company’s earnings per share; 

reliable and high quality financial reporting; 

growth in asset value and profits; and 

dividend growth. 

Remuneration of the Company’s Executive Directors is comprised of the following components: 

• 

• 

• 

base salary; 

short-term incentives in the form of a cash bonus linked to performance against individual 
KPIs; and 

long-term incentives in the form of share warrants and/or performance shares. 

Remuneration of the Company’s Non-Executive Directors is comprised of fixed Directors’ Fees. 

Payments for loss of office 

No provisions are made under the Directors’ service contracts for any payments beyond the applicable 
notice period. 

Remuneration for the appointment of a new Executive Director 

Base salary levels are set in accordance with the Company’s remuneration policy, taking into account 
the  experience  and  calibre  of  the  individual.  Benefits  are  provided  in  line  with  those  offered  to  other 
employees,  with  relocation  expenses/arrangements  provided  if  necessary.  The  Company  may  offer  a 
cash  amount  on  recruitment,  payment  of  which  may  be  deferred,  as  compensation  for  the  value  of 
benefits a new employee would have received from a former employer. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Statement of consideration of employment conditions elsewhere in the company 

Pay  and  employment  conditions  of  other  employees  in  the  company  were  taken  into  account  when 
setting  the  policy  for  Directors’  remuneration.  Similar  remuneration  polices  are  in  place  for  Directors 
and employees of an equivalent level. 

Shareholders' vote on remuneration 

Votes cast in favour 
Votes cast against 

Total votes cast in favour or against 
Votes withheld 

Share Count 

41,430,639 
151,429 

41,582,068 
- 

% of  
vote cast 

99.64% 
0.36% 

100.00% 
-  

Note: 
The above numbers reflect the proxy vote, whereas at the annual general meeting, votes were taken 
as a show of hands with a unanimous result in favour. 

The  Board  as  a  whole  considers  the  remuneration  of  the  Directors  and  has  not  engaged  external 
advisers.  The  remuneration  report  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2019  was  approved  at  the  Annual 
General Meeting held on 21 November 2019. 

On behalf of the Board 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Annual  Report  and  the  financial  statements  in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that 
law  the  Directors  are  required  to  prepare  the  Group  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRSs”)  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  (“EU”)  and 
Article  4  of  the  IAS  Regulation  and  have  also  chosen  to  prepare  the  Parent  Company  financial 
statements under IFRSs as adopted by the EU. 

Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied 
that  they  give  a  true  and  fair  view  of  the  state  of  affairs  of  the  Company  and  of  the  Group  and  the 
financial  performance  and  cash  flows  of  the  Group  for  that  year.  In  preparing  these  financial 
statements, the Directors are required to:  

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

prepare the accounts on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business. 
present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant reliable, 
comparable and understandable information. 
provide  additional  disclosures  when  compliance  with  specific  IFRSs  are  insufficient  to  enable 
the  users  to  understand  the  impact  of  particular  transactions,  other  events  and  conditions  on 
the entity’s financial position and financial performance. 
properly select and apply accounting policies. 

• 

• 

• 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Company’s and the Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the  financial  position  of  the  Company  and  the  Group  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial 
statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They  are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the 
assets  of  the  Company  and  the  Group  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial 
information  included  on  the  Company's  website.  Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the 
preparation  and  dissemination  of  the  financial  statements  may  differ  from  legislation  in  other 
jurisdictions. 

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge: 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU, give a true 
and  fair  view  of  the  assets,  liabilities  and  financial  position  of  the  Company  and  of  the  Group 
and of the Group’s profit for the year;  
the strategic report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the position of the Company and of the Group, together with a description of the principal 
risks and uncertainties that they face; and 
The  annual  report  and  financial  statements,  taken  as  a  whole,  are  fair,  balanced  and 
understandable  and  provide  the  information  necessary  for  the  shareholders  to  assess  the 
Group’s position, performance, business model and strategy.  

This responsibility statement was approved by the Board of Directors on 29 October 2020 and is signed 
on its behalf by Robert Jeffries Chatfield. 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

Opinion 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Avation  plc’s  group  financial  statements  and  parent  company  financial  statements  (the  “financial 
statements”) give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs 
as at 30 June 2020 and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union;   

the  parent  company  financial  statements  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as 
adopted by the European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 
2006; and  

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006, and, as regards the group financial statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. 

We have audited the financial statements of Avation plc which comprise: 

Group 

Parent company 

Consolidated statement of profit and loss for the 
year then ended 

Consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive 
income for the year then ended 

Consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  as 
at 30 June 2020 

Company  statement  of  financial 
position as at 30 June 2020 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity for 
the year then ended 

Company  statement  of  changes 
in equity for the year then ended 

Consolidated  statement  of  cash  flows  for  the 
year then ended 

Company  statement  of  cash 
flows for the year then ended 

Related  notes  1 
financial 
to  41 
statements,  including  a  summary  of  significant 
accounting policies 

the 

to 

Related  notes  1  to  41  to  the 
financial  statements  including  a 
summary 
significant 
of 
accounting policies 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and; as regards to 
the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006.  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

Basis for opinion  

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs  (UK))  and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report below. We are independent of 
the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of 
the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest 
entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for 
our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We  draw  attention  to  Note  3  (e)  in  the  financial  statements,  which  indicates  that  there  is  a  material 
uncertainty in relation to the extension or refinancing of the unsecured outstanding notes which fall due to 
repayment  in  May  2021.  As  stated  in  the  Directors’  Report,  these  events  or  conditions,  along  with  other 
matters as set forth in Note 3 (e), indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt 
on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

In  addition  to  the  matter  described  in  the  material  uncertainty  to  going  concern  section,  we  have 
determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.  

Overview of our audit approach 

•  Valuation of aircraft 

•  Valuation of aircraft purchase rights 

•  We  performed  an  audit  of  the  complete  financial  information  of 
Avation Plc in accordance with the materiality thresholds as set out 
below. 

•  Overall group materiality of US$1.2 million which represents 5% of 
the adjusted profit before tax for the year ended 30 June 2020. 

Key  audit 
matters 

Audit 
scope 

Materiality 

Key audit matters 

Key  audit  matters  are  those  matters  that,  in  our  professional  judgment,  were  of  most  significance  in  our 
audit  of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of 
material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which 
had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing 
the  efforts  of  the  engagement  team.  These  matters  were  addressed  in  the  context  of  our  audit  of  the 
financial statements as a whole, and in our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on 
these matters. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key 
observations 
communicated 
to 
the  Audit 
Committee  

planned 

Our 
audit 
procedures 
were completed 
without material 
exception.  

AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

Risk 

Our response to the risk 

Valuation of Aircraft 

The carrying value of jet and 
turboprop  aircraft  represent 
the  most  significant  asset  in 
the  financial  statements  of 
Avation  Plc.  As  at  30  June 
2020,  the  carrying  value  of 
aircraft reported is US$1,056 
million 
(2019:  US$1,225 
million)  as  detailed  in  Note 
financial 
the 
19 
statements. 

of 

(g) 

aircraft 

As  set  out  within  Note  3  (f) 
‘Summary  of 
and  3 
Accounting 
Significant 
Policies’, 
are 
measured  at  fair  value  on  a 
Lease  Encumbered  Value 
basis  (“LEV”).  As  detailed  in 
Note 
‘Critical 
Accounting  Estimates  and 
Judgments’,  management 
need to apply estimation and 
judgment  as  part  of  their  fair 
value assessment of aircraft.  

(b) 

4 

the 

For 
purposes 
of 
the  valuation, 
determining 
the carrying value of each jet 
and  turboprop  is  compared 
to the computed LEV. LEV is 
determined  by  discounting 
the  lease  income  streams 
lease 
the 
associated  with 
and 
future 
the  expected 
residual  value  of  the  aircraft 
at 
lease 
adjusted for return conditions 
at  lease  termination  using 
the weighted average cost of 
capital. 

the  end  of 

the 

they  are  deemed 

We have assessed each aircraft 
to  be 
as 
individually  material 
the 
financial statements.  

to 

In  obtaining  sufficient  audit 
evidence we: 
•  Walked  through  the  design   
effectiveness of key controls 
around  the  preparation  and 
review  of  the  LEV  model 
appropriate 
including 
governance procedures.  
•  Obtained  external  aircraft 
valuation  reports  validating 
the  calculation  of  the  LEV 
including residual values.  
•  Assessed and evaluated the 
key 
used 
assumptions 
(weighted  average  cost  of 
lease 
capital, 
income 
streams 
residual 
and 
values). 
Involved specialists from our 
valuations  and  business 
modelling  team  to  assess 
the  reasonableness  of  the 
weighted  average  cost  of 
capital  used  in  discounting 
the 
flows  of 
aircraft in the model. 

future  cash 

• 

•  Assessed 

the  calculations 
underpinning the LEV model 
by  checking  that  the  data 
and  the  assumptions  input 
into 
in 
the  model  were 
agreement  with  those  that 
we had evaluated.  

•  Assessed 

the 
appropriateness 
and 
presentation  of  disclosures 
in  the  financial  statements 
for  compliance  with 
the 
relevant 
accounting 
standards. 

30 

 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

Risk 

Our response to the risk 

Key 
communicated 
Audit Committee  

observations 
the 
to 

planned 

Our 
procedures 
completed 
material exception.  

audit 
were 
without 

Valuation  of  Aircraft 
Purchase Rights 

In  obtaining  sufficient  audit 
evidence we: 

We  have  determined 
that 
the  valuation  of 
aircraft  purchase  rights 
represent  a  significant 
risk.  The  fair  value  of 
aircraft  purchase  rights 
may  not  be  correctly 
valued  and  recorded  in 
accordance  with  IFRS 
13. 

As set out within Note 3 
(h) 
of 
‘Summary 
Significant  Accounting 
Policies’, 
aircraft 
rights  are 
purchase 
measured  at  fair  value 
to  profit  or  loss.  The 
Group  values  aircraft 
purchase  rights  using 
the 
option 
price  model.    Critical 
in 
assumptions  made 
determining 
fair 
the  aircraft 
value  of 
purchase  rights  include 
the  market 
value 
volatility rates used.   

binomial 

the 

the 

During 
financial 
the 
year  ended  30  June 
fair  value 
2020, 
for  aircraft 
recorded 
purchase 
is 
US$27.1  million  (2019: 
US$Nil). 

rights 

•  Obtained 

an 
the 
understanding  of 
process, 
valuation 
a 
performed 
walkthrough 
the 
process  and  evaluated 
the design effectiveness 
of controls related to the 
risk identified. 

of 

•  Assessed 

the 

the 
assumptions  used  by 
and 
management 
the 
evaluated 
appropriateness 
and 
accuracy  of  inputs  such 
future  market 
as 
values, volatility and the 
discount rate; 
Involved  specialist  from 
our  valuation  team  to 
assess 
the 
reasonableness  of  the 
discount  rate  used 
in 
valuation model. 

• 

•  Evaluated 

the 
and 
competency 
independence  of 
the 
external  appraisers  as 
management experts for 
the 
external  market 
appraisals provided. We 
obtained  these  external 
to 
valuation 
validate 
the  market 
inputs  to  the  valuation 
calculation. 

reports 

•  Assessed 

in 

the 
of 
presentation 
disclosures 
the 
financial  statements  for 
compliance  with 
the 
accounting 
relevant 
standards. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Tailoring the scope 

Our  assessment  of  audit  risk,  our  evaluation  of  materiality  and  our  allocation  of  performance  materiality 
determine  our  audit  scope  for  each  entity  within  the  Group.    Taken  together,  this  enables  us  to  form  an 
opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We take into account size, risk profile, the organisation 
of  the  group  and  effectiveness  of  group  wide  controls,  changes  in  the  business  environment  and  other 
factors when assessing the level of work to be performed at each entity. 

All audit work performed for the purposes of the audit was undertaken by the Group audit team. 

Our application of materiality 

We  apply  the  concept  of  materiality  in  planning  and  performing  the  audit,  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
identified misstatements on the audit and in forming our audit opinion.   

Materiality 

The magnitude of an omission or misstatement that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of the financial statements. Materiality provides 
a basis for determining the nature and extent of our audit procedures. 

We determined materiality for the Group to be US$1.2 million (2019: US$1.3 million), which is 5% (2019: 
5% of the profit before tax) of the adjusted profit before tax for the year ended 30 June 2020.  We believe 
that profit before tax provides us with a relevant measure used by investors and other stakeholders when 
assessing the performance of the Group. The profit before tax was adjusted for COVID-19 related charges 
offset  by  the  gain  on  recognition  of  aircraft  purchase  rights  which  are  deemed  to  be  one-off  during  the 
period. The impact of these adjustments was to increase the profit before tax by US$8.4 million. 

We determined materiality for the Parent Company to be US$1.2 million (2019: US$238 thousand), which 
is 0.5% of total assets (2019: 2% of total revenue).  The users of the financial statements are concerned 
with  the  asset  value  of  the  Company.  Therefore,  we  believe  that  total  assets  provide  us  with  the  most 
relevant  measure  used  by  investors  and  other  stakeholders  when  assessing  the  performance  of  the 
Company.  

During the course of our audit, we reassessed initial materiality and no changes were required.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

Performance materiality 

The application of materiality at the individual account or balance level.  It is set at an amount to reduce to 
an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements 
exceeds materiality. 

On  the  basis  of  our  risk  assessment,  together  with  our  assessment  of  the  Group’s  overall  control 
environment,  our  judgement  was  that  performance  materiality  was  75%  (2019:  50%)  of  our  planning 
materiality, namely US$865 thousand (2019: US$650 thousand).   

Reporting threshold 

An amount below which identified misstatements are considered as being clearly trivial. 

We  agreed  with  the  Audit  Committee  that  we  would  report  to  them  all  uncorrected  audit  differences  in 
excess of US$58 thousand (2019: US$64 thousand), which is set at 5% (2019: 5%) of planning materiality, 
as well as differences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.   

We  evaluate  any  uncorrected  misstatements  against  both  the  quantitative  measures  of  materiality 
discussed above and in light of other relevant qualitative considerations in forming our opinion. 

Other information  

The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  including  the  Chairman’s 
Statement (set out on pages 2-3), Strategic Report (set out on pages 4-12), Directors’ Report (set out on 
pages  13-19),  Directors’  Remuneration  Report  (set  out  on  pages  20–28)  and  Directors’  Responsibilities 
Statement (set out on page 29) other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  The 
directors are responsible for the other information.   

Our  opinion  on  the  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the  extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in this report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to 
determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement 
of  the  other  information.  If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material 
misstatement of the other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion, the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared in 
accordance with the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the  information  given  in  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  for  the  financial  year  for  which 
the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and  

the  strategic  report  and  directors’  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  applicable  legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 

audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

• 

the  parent  company  financial  statements  and  the  part  of  the  Directors’  Remuneration  Report  to  be 

audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  set  out  on  page  29,  the  directors  are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group  and  parent 
company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the 
group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the  economic  decisions  of  users  taken  on  the  basis  of 
these financial statements.   

Explanation  as  to  what  extent  the  audit  was  considered  capable  of  detecting  irregularities, 
including fraud 

The  objectives  of  our  audit,  in  respect  to  fraud,  are;  to  identify  and  assess  the  risks  of  material 
misstatement  of  the  financial  statements  due  to  fraud;  to  obtain  sufficient  appropriate  audit  evidence 
regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing 
appropriate  responses;  and  to  respond  appropriately  to  fraud  or  suspected  fraud  identified  during  the 
audit.  However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those 
charged with governance of the entity and management.  

Our approach was as follows:  

•  We  obtained  an  understanding  of  the  legal  and  regulatory  frameworks  that  are  applicable  to the 

group and determined that the most significant are:  

o  Companies Act 2006 

o  Financial Reporting Council (FRC) 

o  Tax Legislation (governed by HM Revenue and Customs and Inland Revenue Authority of 

Singapore) 

•  We  understood  how  Avation  plc  is  complying  with  those  frameworks  holding  discussions  with 
general counsel, external counsel and service providers. We inquired as to any known instances 
of non-compliance or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations. 

•  We  assessed  the  susceptibility  of  the  group’s  financial  statements  to  material  misstatement, 
including  how  fraud  might  occur  by  holding  discussions  with  senior  management,  including  the 
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Audit Committee members and General Counsel. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF AVATION PLC 

•  Based  on  this  understanding  we  designed  our  audit  procedures  to  identify  non-compliance  with 
such laws and regulations. Our procedures involved inquiring of key management and reviewing 
key policies. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the 
Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at  https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.    This  description 
forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Other matters we are required to address 

•  We were appointed by the company on 20 December 2017 to audit the financial statements for the 

year ended 30 June 2018 and subsequent financial periods. 

The  period  of  total  uninterrupted  engagement  including  previous  renewals  and  reappointments  is  3 
years, covering the period from our appointment through 30 June 2020. 

The  non-audit  services  prohibited  by  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  were  not  provided  to  the  group  or 
the parent company and we remain independent of the group and the parent company in conducting 
the audit. 

The audit opinion is consistent with the audit results report to the audit committee. 

• 

• 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 
of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s 
members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the 
company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we 
have formed.   

John McCormack (Senior statutory auditor) 
for and on behalf of Ernst & Young, Statutory Auditor 
Dublin 
30 October 2020 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

AUDITOR’S REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Notes: 
1. 

The maintenance and integrity of the Avation plc web site is the responsibility of the directors; the 
work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, 
the  auditors  accept  no  responsibility  for  any  changes  that  may  have  occurred  to  the  financial 
statements since they were initially presented on the web site. 

2. 

Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Continuing operations 

Revenue 

Other income 

Depreciation 

Gain on disposal of aircraft 

Unrealised gain on aircraft purchase rights 

Impairment loss on aircraft 

Administrative expenses 

Other expenses 

Operating profit 

Finance income 

Finance expenses 

Profit before taxation 

Taxation 

Profit from continuing operations 

Profit attributable to: 

Equity holders of the Company 

Non-controlling interests 

Note 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

9 

10 

19 

19,27 

25 

19,27 

11 

12 

13 

14 

16 

17 

135,274 

119,055 

1,270 

215 

136,544 

119,270 

(46,666) 

(41,011) 

3,230 

27,110 

(35,524) 

(11,913) 

(2,420) 

70,361 

10,026 

- 

- 

(10,954) 

(166) 

77,165 

1,471 

3,722 

(57,192) 

(55,328) 

14,640 

25,559 

(4,924) 

9,716 

132 

25,691 

9,714 

2 

25,690 

1 

9,716 

25,691 

Earnings per share for profit  

attributable to equity holders of the Company 

Basic earnings per share: 

Diluted earnings per share 

18 

18 

15.39 cents 

40.26 cents 

15.36 cents 

40.10 cents 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Note 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Profit from continuing operations 

9,716 

25,691 

Other comprehensive income: 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 

Net loss on cash flow hedge, net of tax 

Items that may not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 

Revaluation (loss)/gain on property, plant and equipment, net of tax 

Other comprehensive income, net of tax 

24 

(12,947) 

(12,947) 

(18,009) 

(18,009) 

(4,230) 

(17,177) 

8,181 

(9,828) 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

(7,461) 

15,863 

Total comprehensive income attributable to: 

Equity holders of the Company  

Non-controlling interests 

(7,463) 

15,862 

2 

1 

(7,461) 

15,863 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

ASSETS 

Non-current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Trade and other receivables 

Finance lease receivables 

Goodwill 

Derivative financial assets 

Aircraft purchase rights 

Current assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Finance lease receivables 

Cash and bank balances 

Assets held for sale 

Total assets 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

Equity 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Treasury shares 

Merger reserve 

Asset revaluation reserve 

Capital reserve 

Other reserves 

Retained earnings 

Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent 

Non-controlling interests 

Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 

Loans and borrowings 

Trade and other payables 

Derivative financial liabilities 

Maintenance reserves 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Loans and borrowings 

Trade and other payables 

Maintenance reserves 

Income tax payables 

Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale 

Note 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

19 

20 

21 

22 

24 

25 

20 

21 

26 

27 

28 

28 

1,057,901 

1,225,324 

11,601 

85,019 

1,902 

- 

27,110 

8,930 

37,137 

1,902 

363 

- 

1,183,533 

1,273,656 

18,210 

7,988 

114,585 

140,783 

91,268 

232,051 

4,425 

7,221 

107,448 

119,094 

- 

119,094 

1,415,584 

1,392,750 

1,108 

57,747 

1,104 

56,912 

(7,811) 

(1,147) 

6,715 

30,162 

8,876 

6,715 

34,392 

8,876 

29 

(24,302) 

(11,809) 

148,455 

220,950 

72 

145,644 

240,687 

70 

221,022 

240,757 

534,755 

1,005,693 

11,725 

27,928 

57,141 

698 

16,091 

10,174 

31,325 

179 

632,247 

1,063,462 

536,983 

10,155 

3,836 

1,058 

552,032 

10,283 

562,315 

72,595 

11,964 

1,166 

2,806 

88,531 

- 

88,531 

30 

31 

24 

32 

33 

30 

31 

32 

27 

Total equity and liabilities 

1,415,584 

1,392,750 

Approved by the board and authorised for issue on 29 October 2020 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

ASSETS 

Non-current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Trade and other receivables 

Investment in subsidiaries 

Aircraft purchase rights 

Current assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and bank balances 

Total assets 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

Equity  

Share capital 

Share premium 

Treasury shares 

Merger reserve 

Other reserves 

Retained earnings 

Total equity  

Non-current liabilities 

Loans and borrowings 

Trade and other payables 

Derivative financial liabilities 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Loans and borrowings  

Trade and other payables 

Income tax payable 

Total equity and liabilities 

Note 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

19 

20 

23 

25 

20 

26 

28 

28 

29 

30 

31 

24 

33 

30 

31 

21,470 

136,628 

12,869 

27,110 

37,550 

145,604 

13,492 

- 

198,077 

196,646 

76,441 

1,421 

77,862 

64,433 

16,634 

81,067 

275,939 

277,713 

1,108 

57,747 

(7,811) 

6,715 

(7,789) 

47,875 

97,845 

1,104 

56,912 

(1,147) 

6,715 

(5,133) 

33,713 

92,164 

125,779 

136,900 

516 

7,725 

2,701 

200 

2,817 

340 

136,721 

140,257 

12,717 

28,656 

- 

41,373 

10,574 

33,227 

1,491 

45,292 

275,939 

277,713 

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not 
to  present  the  Company  statement  of  profit  or  loss  and  other  comprehensive  income.    The  Company’s 
profit for the year was US$20.9 million (2019: US$3.49 million). 

Approved by the board and authorised for issue on 29 October 2020 

Robert Jeffries Chatfield 
Executive Chairman

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Note 

Share 

Share  

Treasury 

Merger 

Asset 

Capital 

Other  

Retained 

Total 

Non-

Total 

capital 

premium 

Shares 

reserve 

revaluation 

reserve 

reserves  

earnings 

controlling 

equity 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

reserve 

interest 

Attributable to shareholders of the parent 

Balance at 1 July 2019 

1,104 

56,912 

(1,147) 

6,715 

34,392 

8,876 

(11,809) 

145,644 

240,687 

70 

240,757 

Effect of adoption of IFRS 16 

Leases  

5a 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(199) 

(199) 

As at 1 July 2019 (adjusted) 

1,104 

56,912 

(1,147) 

6,715 

34,392 

8,876 

(11,809) 

145,445 

240,488 

Profit for the period 

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income  

Dividends paid 

Issue of new shares  

Purchase of treasury shares 

Share warrant expense 

Total transactions with owners 

recognised directly in equity  

Expiry of share warrants 

Total others 

38 

28 

28 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

- 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

835 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(6,664) 

- 

835 

(6,664) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(4,230) 

(4,230) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,714 

9,714 

(12,947) 

(12,947) 

- 

(69) 

- 

592 

523 

(69) 

(69) 

- 

(17,177) 

9,714 

(6,773) 

- 

- 

- 

(7,463) 

(6,773) 

770 

(6,664) 

592 

(6,773) 

(12,075) 

69 

69 

- 

- 

- 

70 

2 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(199) 

240,558 

9,716 

(17,177) 

(7,461) 

(6,773) 

770 

(6,664) 

592 

(12,075) 

- 

- 

Balance at 30 June 2020 

1,108 

57,747 

(7,811) 

6,715 

30,162 

8,876 

(24,302) 

148,455 

220,950 

72 

221,022 

During the year the Company paid total dividends of 10.6 US cents (2019: 9.25 US cents) per share. 

Other reserves consists of capital redemption reserve, share warrant reserve, fair value reserve and foreign currency translation reserve. 

The  merger  reserve  arose  on  acquisition  of  additional  shares  of  the  Company’s  subsidiary  Capital  Lease  Aviation  Limited  through  the  allotment  of  ordinary 
shares in the year ended 30 June 2015.  The merger reserve represents the difference between the fair value and the nominal value of the shares issued by the 
Company. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 

Attributable to shareholders of the parent 

Note 

Share 

Share 

Treasury  

Merger 

Asset 

Capital 

Other  

Retained 

Total 

Non-

Total 

capital 

premium 

shares 

reserve 

revaluation 

reserve 

reserves  

earnings 

controlling 

equity 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

reserve 

interest 

Balance at 1 July 2018 

Profit for the year  

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income  

Dividend paid 

Issue of new shares  

Purchase of treasury shares 

Share warrants expense 

Total transactions with owners 

recognised directly in equity  

Expiry of share warrants  

Release of revaluation reserve 

upon sale of aircraft 

Total others 

38 

28 

28 

1,080 

53,083 

- 

- 

- 

- 

24 

- 

- 

24 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,829 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,147) 

- 

3,829 

(1,147) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6,715 

27,847 

8,876 

6,389 

124,119 

228,109 

69 

228,178 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8,181 

8,181 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,636) 

(1,636) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

25,690 

(18,009) 

- 

25,690 

(9,828) 

(18,009) 

25,690 

15,862 

- 

(5,840) 

(5,840) 

(628) 

- 

478 

(150) 

(39) 

- 

(39) 

- 

- 

- 

3,225 

(1,147) 

478 

(5,840) 

(3,284) 

39 

1,636 

1,675 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

25,691 

(9,828) 

15,863 

(5,840) 

3,225 

(1,147) 

478 

(3,284) 

- 

- 

- 

Balance at 30 June 2019 

1,104 

56,912 

(1,147) 

6,715 

34,392 

8,876 

(11,809) 

145,644 

240,687 

70 

240,757 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Note 

Share  

capital 

Share 

Treasury 

Premium 

shares 

Merger 

reserve 

Asset 

Other  

revaluation 

reserves  

Retained 

earnings 

Total 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

reserve 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Balance at 1 July 2019 

Effect of adoption of IFRS 16 

Leases 

As at 1 July 2019 (adjusted) 

Profit for the year  

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income  

Dividend paid 

Issue of new shares 

Purchase of treasury shares 

Share warrants expense 

Total transactions with 

owners, recognised directly in 

equity 

Expiry of share warrants 

Total others 

38 

28 

28 

1,104 

56,912 

(1,147) 

6,715 

- 

1,104 

- 

- 

56,912 

(1,147) 

- 

6,715 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

- 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

835 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(6,664) 

- 

835 

(6,664) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Balance at 30 June 2020 

1,108 

57,747 

(7,811) 

6,715 

During the year the Company paid total dividends of 10.60 US cents (2019: 9.25 US cents) per share. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(5,133) 

33,713 

92,164 

- 

(5,133) 

- 

(3,110) 

(3,110) 

- 

(69) 

- 

592 

(54) 

33,659 

20,920 

- 

20,920 

(6,773) 

- 

- 

- 

(54) 

92,110 

20,920 

(3,110) 

17,810 

(6,773) 

770 

(6,664) 

592 

523 

(6,773) 

(12,075) 

(69) 

(69) 

69 

69 

- 

- 

(7,789) 

47,875 

97,845 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2019 

Note 

Share  

capital 

Share 

Treasury 

Premium 

shares 

Merger 

reserve 

Asset 

Other  

revaluation 

reserves  

Retained 

earnings 

Total 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

reserve 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Balance at 1 July 2018 

1,080 

53,083 

38 

28 

28 

Profit for the year  

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income  

Dividend paid 

Issue of new shares 

Purchase of treasury shares 

Share warrants expense 

Total transactions with 

owners, recognised directly in 

equity 

Release of revaluation 

reserve upon sale of aircraft 

Expiry of share warrants 

Total others 

- 

- 

- 

- 

24 

- 

- 

24 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,147) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,829 

- 

- 

3,829 

(1,147) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6,715 

2,833 

733 

34,388 

98,832 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,197) 

(1,197) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(5,677) 

(5,677) 

- 

(628) 

- 

478 

3,490 

- 

3,490 

(5,840) 

- 

- 

- 

3,490 

(6,874) 

(3,384) 

(5,840) 

3,225 

(1,147) 

478 

(150) 

(5,840) 

(3,284) 

(1,636) 

- 

(1,636) 

- 

(39) 

(39) 

1,636 

39 

1,675 

- 

- 

- 

Balance at 30 June 2019 

1,104 

56,912 

(1,147) 

6,715 

- 

(5,133) 

33,713 

92,164 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Profit before income tax 

Adjustments for: 

    Amortisation of lease incentive asset 

    Depreciation expense 

    Depreciation of right-of-use assets 

    Expected credit loss on receivables and accrued revenue 

    Finance income 

    Finance expense 

    Gain on disposal of aircraft 

    Interest income from finance leases 

    Impairment loss on aircraft 

    Share warrants expense 

    Unrealised gain on aircraft purchase rights 

    Operating cash flows before working capital changes 

Movement in working capital: 

    Trade and other receivables and finance lease receivables 

    Trade and other payables 

    Maintenance reserves 

    Cash from operations 

Finance income received 

Finance expense paid 

Income tax paid 

Net cash from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities: 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 

Proceeds from disposal of aircraft 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities: 

Net proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 

Dividends paid to shareholders 

Purchase of treasury shares 

Placement of restricted cash balances 

Proceeds from loans and borrowings, net of transactions costs 

Repayment of loans and borrowings 

Net cash (used in)/from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Note 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

14,640 

25,559 

9 

19 

12 

13 

14 

9 

19,27 

15 

524 

46,666 

217 

855 

(1,471) 

57,192 

(3,230) 

(3,266) 

35,524 

592 

(27,110) 

121,133 

(5,105) 

(5,551) 

28,621 

139,098 

3,215 

(51,712) 

(2,095) 

88,506 

- 

41,011 

- 

166 

(3,722) 

55,328 

(10,026) 

(1,382) 

- 

478 

- 

107,412 

4,411 

1,412 

8,947 

122,182 

2,950 

(48,579) 

(2,946) 

73,607 

(58,739) 

(328,570) 

- 

70,184 

(58,739) 

(258,386) 

770 

(6,773) 

(6,664) 

(33,536) 

76,561 

(86,524) 

3,225 

(5,840) 

(1,147) 

(12,607) 

301,741 

(96,854) 

(56,166) 

188,518 

(26,399) 

61,689 

35,290 

3,739 

57,950 

61,689 

38 

28 

30 

30 

26 

26  

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Profit before taxation 

Adjustments for: 

    Dividend income 

    Depreciation expense 

    Depreciation of right-of-use assets 

    Expected credit loss on receivables and accrued revenue 

    Finance income 

    Finance expense 

    Gain on disposal of aircraft 

    (Reversal of)/Impairment loss on investment in subsidiary  

    Share warrant expense 

    Unrealised gain on aircraft purchase rights 

    Operating cash flows before working capital changes 

Movement in working capital: 

    Trade and other receivables 

    Trade and other payables 

    Cash used in operations 

Finance income received 

Finance expense paid 

Income tax paid 

Note 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

24,719 

4,113 

- 

44 

77 

711 

(5,260) 

6,535 

(619) 

(885) 

592 

(27,110) 

(1,196) 

(3,791) 

3,785 

(1,202) 

5,230 

(6,041) 

(1,130) 

(5,647) 

1,023 

- 

- 

(5,456) 

5,834 

(3,725) 

1,883 

478 

- 

(1,497) 

(62,570) 

(1,890) 

(65,957) 

7,719 

(8,064) 

- 

Net cash used in operating activities 

(3,143) 

(66,302) 

Cash flows from investing activities: 

Dividends received 

Return of capital from a subsidiary 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 

Proceeds from disposal of aircraft 

Net cash from/(used in) investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities: 

Net proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 

Dividends paid to shareholders  

Purchase of treasury shares 

Proceeds from loans and borrowings 

Repayment of loans and borrowings 

Net cash (used in)/from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

- 

1,508 

(21,610) 

38,265 

18,163 

770 

(6,773) 

(6,664) 

- 

(17,566) 

(30,233) 

(15,213) 

16,634 

1,421 

5,647 

- 

(57,511) 

36,050 

(15,814) 

3,225 

(5,840) 

(1,147) 

253,823 

(154,957) 

95,104 

12,988 

3,646 

16,634 

19 

38 

28 

30 

26 

26 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

1 

GENERAL 

Avation  PLC  is  a  public  limited  company  incorporated  in  England  and  Wales  under  the 
Companies  Act  2006  (Registration  Number  05872328)  and  is  listed  as  a  Standard  Listing  on 
the London Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is given on page 1. 

As disclosed in the Directors’ Report, the Group’s principal activity is aircraft leasing.  Details of 
the activities of subsidiary companies are set out in Note 23 to these financial statements. 

2 

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 

These  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting  Standards,  International  Accounting  Standards  and  their  interpretations  issued  or 
adopted  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union 
(“IFRS”) and as applied in accordance with Companies Act 2006. 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

(a)  BASIS  OF  PREPARATION  –  The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in 
accordance with IFRS including standards and interpretations issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) as adopted by EU.  

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis  and  have  been 
prepared  in  accordance  with  the  historical  cost  convention,  as  modified  by  the 
revaluation of certain assets and liabilities.  

The  financial  statements  are  presented  in  United  States  Dollars  and  all  values  are 
rounded  to  the  nearest  thousand  (US$’000s).  The  year-end  exchange  rate  for  Pounds 
Sterling to United States Dollars is 1.23 (2019: 1.27). 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of 
significant  accounting  judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the 
date  of  the  financial  statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses 
during  the  financial  period.  Although  these  estimates  are  based  on  management’s  best 
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may ultimately differ from those 
estimates. 

The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  consistently  throughout  the 
financial  period  presented  in  these  financial  statements  and  have  been  applied 
consistently by the Company and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise disclosed. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(b)  BASIS  OF  CONSOLIDATION  -  The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the 
financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as at 30 June 2020. Subsidiaries 
are all entities over which the Group has control. Control is achieved when the Group is 
exposed,  or  has  rights,  to  variable  returns  from  its  involvement  with  the  investee  and 
has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. 

Specifically, the Group controls an investee if and only if the Group has: 

• 

• 
• 

Power over the investee (i.e. existing rights that give it the current ability to direct 
the relevant activities of the investee) 
Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and 
The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns 

When the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the 
Group  considers  all  relevant  facts  and  circumstances  in  assessing  whether  it  has  power 
over an investee, including: 

The contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee 

• 
•  Rights arising from other contractual arrangements 
• 
The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights 

Whether or not the Group controls an investee is re-assessed if facts and circumstances 
indicate  that  there  are  changes  to  one  or  more  of  the  three  elements  of  control. 
Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group  obtains control over the subsidiary 
and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities,  income and 
expenses  of  a  subsidiary  acquired  or  disposed  of  during  the  year  are  included  in  the 
statement of  comprehensive income from the date the Group gains control until the date 
the Group ceases to control the  subsidiary. 

Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) are attributed 
to the equity holders of  the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even 
if  this  results  in  the  non-controlling  interests  having  a  deficit  balance.  When  necessary, 
adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to  bring their accounting 
policies into line with the Group’s accounting policies. All intra-group assets and  liabilities, 
equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the 
Group are  eliminated in full on consolidation. 

A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted 
for as an  equity transaction. If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it: 

•  Derecognises the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary 
•  Derecognises the carrying amount of any non-controlling interests 
•  Derecognises the cumulative translation differences recorded in equity 
•  Recognises the fair value of the consideration received 
•  Recognises the fair value of any investment retained 
•  Recognises any surplus or deficit in profit or loss 
•  Reclassifies the parent’s share of components previously recognised in OCI to profit 
or loss or retained earnings, as appropriate, as would be required if the Group had 
directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. 

Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less impairment in the Company’s separate 
financial statements. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(c)  BUSINESS  COMBINATIONS  -  Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the 
acquisition  method.  The  cost  of  an  acquisition  is  measured  as  the  aggregate  of  the 
consideration  transferred,  which  is  measured  at  acquisition  date  fair  value  and  the 
amount of any  non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, 
the Group elects whether to measure  the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair 
value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s  identifiable net assets. Acquisition-
related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative  expenses. 

When  the  Group  acquires  a  business,  it  assesses  the  identifiable  assets  and  liabilities 
assumed for appropriate  classification and designation in accordance with the contractual 
terms,  economic  circumstances  and  pertinent  conditions  as  at  the  acquisition  date.  This 
includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts held by  the acquiree. 

Any contingent  consideration to be transferred by  the  acquirer  will  be  recognised  at  fair 
value at the acquisition  date. Contingent consideration classified as equity is not remeasured 
and  its  subsequent  settlement  is  accounted  for  within  equity.    Contingent  consideration 
classified  as  an  asset  or  liability  that  is  a  financial  instrument  and  within  the  scope  of 
IFRS  9  Financial  Instruments  is  measured  at  fair  value  with  the  changes  in  fair  value 
recognised  in  profit  or  loss.  Other  contingent  consideration  that  is  not  within  the  scope  of 
IFRS 9 is measured at fair value at each reporting date with changes in fair value recognised 
in profit or loss. 

(d)  GOODWILL- Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of 
the  consideration  transferred  and  the  amount  recognised  for  non-controlling  interests, 
and  any  previous  interest  held,  over  the  net  identifiable  assets  acquired  and  liabilities 
assumed.  If  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  acquired  is  in  excess  of  the  aggregate 
consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of 
the assets acquired a n d  all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to 
measure the amounts to be recognised at  the acquisition date. If the re-assessment still 
results  in  an  excess  of  the  fair  value  of  net  assets  acquired  over  the  aggregate 
consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss. 

After  initial  recognition,  goodwill  is  measured  at  cost  less  any  accumulated  impairment 
losses.  For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  goodwill  acquired  in  a  business 
combination  is,  from  the  acquisition  date,  allocated  to  each  of  the  Group’s  cash-
generating  units  that  are  expected  to  benefit  from  the  combination,  irrespective  of 
whether other assets or   liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units. 

Where  goodwill  has  been  allocated  to  a  cash-generating  unit  and  part  of  the  operation 
within  that  unit  is  disposed  of,  the  goodwill  associated  with  the  disposed  operation  is 
included  in  the  carrying  amount  of  the  operation  when  determining  the  gain  or  loss  on 
disposal.  Goodwill  disposed  in  these  circumstances  is  measured  based  on  the  relative 
values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(e)  GOING CONCERN 

COVID-19 
The COVID-19 pandemic developed rapidly in 2020 causing a significant reduction in air 
travel  and  negative  impacts  on  the  business  models  and  cash  flows  of  our  customer 
airlines.  While  it  is  difficult  to  predict  the  extent  of  the  impact  from  COVID-19,  the 
outbreak  and  the  related  decreased  demand  for  aircraft  travel  is  significantly  impacting 
the  Group’s  airline  customers,  which  could  lead  to  their  inability  to  meet  their  lease 
payment obligations to the Group, lead to deferrals of lease payments, restructuring and 
cancellations of lease contracts with the Group which could negatively affect the Group’s 
financial condition, cash flows and results from operating activities.  

Further  airline  insolvencies  may  occur  if  the  effects  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  on  the 
airline industry continues for an extended period. 

The  Group  reacted  to  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  pro-actively  by  engaging 
with  its  airline  customers  to  arrange  deferral  of  certain  rental  payments  in  order  to 
provide  cash  flow  relief,  while  simultaneously  engaging  with  lenders  to  arrange  deferral 
of  certain  loan  payments  to  mitigate  the  reduced  rental  cash  flows  from  airlines.    The 
Group  has  entered  into  rent  deferral  agreements  with  12  airline  customers.    The  rent 
deferral agreements provide that deferred rents are repaid to the Group over periods of 
3-9 months with interest charged on the deferred amounts.  The Group has also entered 
into  loan  principal  payment  deferral  agreements  for  11  loans  and  the  deferred  loan 
principal  payments  are  repayable  to  lenders  over  periods  of  6-12  months  with  interest 
charged on the deferred amounts. 

The  Group  has  been  re-marketing  aircraft  previously  leased  to  Virgin  Australia  and 
Braathens and as of the date of this report has successfully re-leased five and sold two of 
these aircraft. The Group continues to market the remaining 8 aircraft for lease or sale. 

In  addition,  the  Group  has  entered  into  an  agreement  to  finance  a  previously 
unencumbered aircraft and has engaged in discussion with Avions de Transport Regional 
with an intention to cancel or reschedule aircraft orders. 

Further  actions  taken  by  the  Group  to  mitigate  the  negative  impacts  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic  on  cash  flow  include  a  suspension  of  dividend  payments,  a  moratorium  on 
capital expenditure and a suspension of the Group’s employee cash bonus scheme. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(e)  GOING CONCERN (continued) 

Debt maturities 
The  Group  has  a  US$349.0  million  principal  amount  of  unsecured  6.5%  notes  (the 
“Notes”)  outstanding  which  fall  due  for  repayment  in  May  2021.    As  of  the  date  of 
issuance  of  this  report  the  Group  has  not  entered  into  any  arrangement  to  re-finance, 
exchange or extend the maturity date of the Notes.   

The  Group  has  engaged  a  financial  adviser  to  negotiate  with  holders  of  the  Notes,  with 
the expectation of securing agreement on appropriate terms to extend the maturity date 
of  the  Notes  by  two  or  more  years.  An  extension  of  the  maturity  date  of  the  Notes 
requires  a  resolution  at  an  extraordinary  meeting  of  Noteholders.  The  formal 
announcement  of  the  engagement  of  a  financial  adviser  to  assist  in  this  process  was 
made on 19 October 2020.  

Due to the current challenging environment, the Directors have considered the impact on 
the Group, in the context of the Group’s use of the going concern basis of preparation at 
the  date  of  signing  of  these  financial  statements  by  evaluating  all  cash  inflows  and 
outflows of the Company and its subsidiaries, over the coming year under the following 
assumptions; 

- 

- 

Current unrestricted cash on hand balance available,  

Additional liquidity from available restricted cash and further loan deferrals to be 
used in funding loan repayments,  

-  Deferral of all certain contractually committed lease cash inflows;  

- 

Forecasted  cash  outflows  for  all  contractual  debt  and  lease  obligations  and 
selling, general and administrative expenses for the next 12 months  

Based on this analysis and all information available at present, the Directors believe that 
the  actions  that  they  have  taken  and  intend  to  take  will  ensure  that  the  Group  has 
sufficient  liquidity  to  meet  its  obligations  as  they  fall  due  and  that  it  continues  to  be 
appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis of preparation. 
However, the Directors are of the view that a  material uncertainty exists that may cast 
significant  doubt  upon  the  group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  with  regard  to 
the group successfully securing agreement on appropriate terms to extend the maturity 
date  of  the  Notes  beyond  the  current  repayment  date.  The  Directors’  view  is  that  the 
process to extend the maturity of the bond can be completed within the timeframe prior 
to its maturity in May 2021. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(f) 

FAIR  VALUE  MEASUREMENT  –  The  Group  measures  financial  instruments,  such  as 
derivatives,  and  non-financial  assets,  such  as  aircraft  and  aircraft  purchase  options  in 
excess of the Group’s usage requirements at fair values at each reporting date.  

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in 
an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  Fair value 
measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer 
the liability takes place either: 

• 
• 

In the principal market for the asset or liability, or 
In  the  absence  of  a  principal  market,  in  the  most  advantageous  market  for  the 
asset or liability  

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group. 

The  fair  value  of  an  asset  or  a  liability  is  measured  using  the  assumptions  that  market 
participants  would  use  when  pricing  the  asset  or  liability,  assuming  that  market 
participants act in their economic best interest. 

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's 
ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by 
selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. 

The  Group  uses  valuation  techniques  that  are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances  and  for 
which  sufficient  data  are  available  to  measure  fair  value,  maximising  the  use  of  relevant 
observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. 

In  the  case  of  aircraft,  unless  otherwise  disclosed,  the  assets  are  valued  using  lease 
encumbered  value  (“LEV”).    Under  such  a  valuation,  which  reflects  highest  and  best  use 
given the fact that the aircraft are held for use in a leasing business, the income streams 
associated with the lease and the expected future market value of the aircraft at the end of 
the  lease  are  discounted  to  current  values.  The  valuers  prepare  their  valuation  report 
based on the market for second hand aircraft, which is active, known and measurable. 

All  assets  and  liabilities  for  which  fair  value  is  measured  or  disclosed  in  the  financial 
statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on 
the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole: 

• 

• 

• 

Level 1 – Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets 
or liabilities 
Level 2 – Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to 
the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable 
Level 3 – Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to 
the fair value measurement is unobservable 

For  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  recognised  in  the  financial  statements  on  a  recurring 
basis,  the  Group  determines  whether  transfers  have  occurred  between  Levels  in  the 
hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant 
to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(f) 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (continued) 

The  Group’s  management  determines  the  policies  and  procedures  for  both  recurring  fair 
value  measurement,  such  as  aircraft,  aircraft  purchase  options  and  for  non-recurring 
measurement, such as assets held for sale in discontinued operations. 

External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as aircraft, aircraft 
purchase options and significant liabilities, such as contingent consideration.  

At  each  reporting  date,  management  analyses  the  movements  in  the  values  of  assets 
and  liabilities  which  are  required  to  be  re-measured  or  re-assessed  as  per  the  Group’s 
accounting  policies.  For  this  analysis,  management  verifies  the  major  inputs  applied  in 
the  latest  valuation  by  agreeing  the  information  in  the  valuation  computation  to 
contracts and other relevant documents so far as possible. 

Management,  in  conjunction  with  the  Group’s  external  valuers,  also  compares  the 
changes  in  the  fair  value  of  each  asset  and  liability  with  relevant  external  sources  to 
determine whether the change is reasonable. 

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Group has determined classes of assets and 
liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and 
the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above. 

(g)  PROPERTY,  PLANT  AND  EQUIPMENT – All items of property, plant and equipment are 
initially  recorded  at  cost.    The  cost  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is 
recognised as an asset if, it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the 
item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. 

Subsequent  to  recognition,  aircraft  are  stated  in  the  statement  of  financial  position  at 
their revalued amount All items of property plant and equipment other than aircraft are 
measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. 
Revaluations are performed with sufficient regularity such that the carrying amount does 
not  differ  materially  from  that  which  would  be  determined  using  fair  values  at  the 
reporting date. However, these aircraft have been reviewed for impairment. 

Any  revaluation  increase  arising  on  the  revaluation  of  such  aircraft  is  credited  to  the 
assets  revaluation  reserve,  except  to  the  extent  that  it  reverses  a  revaluation  decrease 
for  the  same  asset  previously  recognised  in  profit  or  loss,  in  which  case  the  increase  is 
credited to profit or loss to the extent of the decrease previously charged. A decrease in 
carrying amount arising on the revaluation of such aircraft is charged to profit or loss to 
the  extent  that  it  exceeds  the  balance,  if  any,  held  in  the  assets  revaluation  reserve 
relating to a previous revaluation of that asset. 

Depreciation on revalued aircraft is charged to profit or loss. On the subsequent sale or 
retirement  of  a  revalued  aircraft,  the  attributable  revaluation  surplus  remaining  in  the 
asset revaluation reserve is transferred directly to retained earnings. 

Depreciation  is  charged  so  as  to  write  off  the  cost  or  valuation  of  assets  less  residual 
values, over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method, on the following 
bases: 

  Narrow-body jets and turboprops 

Twin-aisle jets 
  Aircraft engines 

Furniture and equipment 

25 years from date of manufacture 
23 years from date of manufacture 
15 years from date of acquisition 
3 years 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(g)  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued) 

Residual  values,  useful  lives  and  depreciation  methods  are  revised  and  adjusted  if 
appropriate,  at  each  reporting  date.  Residual  values  are  based  on  15%  of  cost  for  new 
aircraft, estimated scrap values for second hand aircraft and 33% of cost for new aircraft 
engines.  

Fully depreciated assets still in use are retained in the financial statements.  

The  gain  or  loss  arising  on  the  disposal  or  retirement  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and 
equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying 
amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss. 

(h)  AIRCRAFT  PURCHASE  RIGHTS  –  Aircraft  purchase  rights  to  acquire  aircraft  which  the 
Group  held  over  and  above  its  requirement  will  be  disposed  off.  The  Group  values  these 
excess aircraft purchase rights using the Black Scholes model.  The aircraft purchase rights 
are measured at fair value through profit or loss. 

(i)  NON-CURRENT  ASSETS  HELD  FOR  SALE  –  Non-current  assets  (and  disposal  groups) 
classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less 
costs to sell.   

Non-current  assets  and  disposal  groups  are  classified  as  held  for  sale  if  their  carrying 
amount  will  be  recovered  through  a  sale  transaction  rather  than  through  continuing  use.  
This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset (or 
disposal) group is available for immediate sale in its present condition.  Management must 
be  committed  to  the  sale  which  should  be  expected  to  qualify  for  recognition  as  a 
completed sale within one year from the date of classification. 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets  are  not  depreciated  or  amortised 
once classified as held for sale. 

Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items 
in the statement of financial position. 

(j) 

IMPAIRMENT  OF  NON-FINANCIAL  ASSETS  -  At  each  reporting  date  the  Group 
assesses whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.  If any indication 
exists, or when an annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group makes 
an estimate of the asset's recoverable amount. 

An  asset's  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset's  or  cash-generating  unit's  fair 
value less costs of disposal and its value-in-use and is determined for an individual asset, 
unless  the  asset  does  not  generate  cash  inflows  that  are  largely  independent  of  those 
from  other  assets  or  group  of  assets.  Where  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  cash-
generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is 
written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value-in-use, the estimated future 
cash flows expected to be generated by the asset are discounted to their present value 
using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value 
of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  asset.  In  determining  fair  value  less  costs  of 
disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such costs 
can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(i) 

IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS (continued) 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss to the extent that they do not reverse 
a  previous  upwards  revaluation.    An  assessment  is  made  at  each  reporting  date  as  to 
whether  there  is  any  indication  that  previously  recognised  impairment  losses  may  no 
longer  exist  or  may  have  decreased.  If  such  indication  exists,  the  Group  estimates  the 
asset's  or  cash-generating  unit's  recoverable  amount.  A  previously  recognised 
impairment  loss  is  reversed  only  if  there  has  been  a  change  in  the  estimates  used  to 
determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. 
If  that  is  the  case,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  is  increased  to  its  recoverable 
amount.  That  increase  cannot  exceed  the  carrying  amount  that  would  have  been 
determined,  net  of  depreciation,  had  no  impairment  loss  been  recognised  previously. 
Such reversal is recognised in profit or loss.  

Impairment  losses  are  recognised  as  an  immediate  expense.  However,  the  impairment 
loss  shall  be  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  to  the  extent  of  any  credit 
balance  existing  in  the  revaluation  surplus  in  respect  of  that  asset.  The  decrease 
recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  reduces  the  amount  accumulated  in  equity 
under the heading of revaluation surplus. 

(k)  PROVISIONS - Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation as a 
result  of  a  past  event,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  Group  will  be  required  to  settle  that 
obligation.  Provisions  are  measured  at  the  Directors’  best  estimate  of  the  expenditure 
required  to  settle  the  obligation  at  the  reporting  date,  and  are  discounted  to  present 
value where the effect is material.  

(l)  MAINTENANCE  RESERVES  -  Normal  maintenance  and  repairs,  airframe  and  engine 
overhauls,  and  compliance  with  return  conditions  of  the  aircraft  placed  on  operating 
leases are provided by and paid for by the lessees. Certain lease agreements require the 
lessees to make maintenance reserve contributions to the Group which subsequently can 
be  drawn  on  to  pay  for  certain  maintenance  events  carried  out.    These  maintenance 
reserve  balances  are  accounted  for  as  liabilities.    Upon  expiry  of  a  lease,  any  shortfall 
that is identified in the maintenance reserve liabilities for an aircraft as compared to the 
expected future reimbursement obligations to a lessee, or any surplus, will be charged or 
released  to  profit  or  loss.  Upon  sale  of  an  aircraft,  the  maintenance  reserve  liability  for 
that aircraft which is not transferred to the buyer will be released to profit or loss. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(m)  SHARE-BASED  PAYMENTS  –  The  Group  operates  an  equity-settled  share-based 
compensation plan. The value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant 
of warrants is recognised as an expense in profit or loss with a corresponding increase in 
the  warrant  reserve  over  the  vesting  period.  The  total  amount  to  be  recognised  over  the 
vesting period is determined by reference to the fair value of the warrants granted on the 
date  of  the  grant  using  the  binomial  option  pricing  model  method.    Non-market  vesting 
conditions are included in the estimation of the number of shares under warrants that are 
expected to become exercisable on the vesting date.  At the end of each reporting period, 
the Group revises its estimates of the number of shares under warrants that are expected 
to become exercisable on the vesting date and recognises the impact of the revision of the 
estimates  in  the  profit  or  loss,  with  a  corresponding  adjustment  to  the  warrant  reserve 
over the remaining vesting period.  

When the warrants are exercised, the proceeds received and the related balance previously 
recognised  in  the  warrant  reserve  are  credited  to  share  capital  and  share  premium 
accounts when new shares area issued to the employees. 

(n) 

LEASES  

Group as a lessor 

The Group leases aircraft to airlines under operating leases. Leases of aircraft where the 
Group retains substantially all risks and rewards incidental to ownership are classified as 
operating leases. Rental income from operating leases (net of any incentives given to the 
lessees) is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  The 
Group recognises contingent rents when they can be reliably measured.  

Where  the  Group  transfers  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  of  an 
asset,  the  lease  is  classified  as  a  finance  lease  Lease  receipts  are  apportioned  between 
finance income and reduction of the finance lease receivable so as to achieve a constant 
rate  of  interest  on  the  remaining  balance  of  the  asset.  Finance  income  is  credited  to 
revenue. 

For sales–type leases, the Group recognise the difference between the net book value of 
the aircraft and the net finance lease receivables as a gain or loss on sale of aircraft, less 
any  initial  direct  costs.    The  unearned  income  is  recognised  as  finance  lease  interest 
income within revenue over the lease term in a manner that produces a constant rate of 
return on the finance lease receivables.  

Under the terms of certain lease agreements, lessees are required to make maintenance 
contributions  to  the  Group.  At  the  end  of  a  lease,  when  we  are  able  to  determine  the 
amount, if any, by which maintenance contributions received exceed the amount we are 
required under the lease to reimburse to the lessee for heavy maintenance, overhaul or 
parts  replacement,  the  excess  is  recognised  as  maintenance  revenue.  End  of  lease 
compensation  payments  made  to  the  Group  are  recognised  as  revenue  when  a  reliable 
estimate of the expected compensation amount can be determined. The Group does not 
recognise end of lease compensation as revenue if there is a reasonable expectation that 
the lessee will extend the existing lease agreement rather than returning the aircraft at 
the end of the current lease period. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(n) 

LEASES (continued) 

Group as a lessee 

Prior  to  the  adoption  of  IFRS  16,  leases  were  either  classified  as  operating  or  finance 
leases.  Payments  made  in  respect  of  operating  leases  were  charged  to  the  income 
statement  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  duration  of  the  lease.  Finance  leases  were 
recognised  on  the  balance  sheet  with  depreciation  and  interest  being  charged  to  the 
income statement. 

On  transition  to  IFRS  16,  the  Group  applies  a  single  recognition  and  measurement 
approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The 
Group  recognises  lease  liabilities  to  make  lease  payments  and  right-of-use  assets 
representing the right to use the underlying assets. 

i) 

Right-of-use assets 

The Group recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease 
(i.e.,  the  date  the  underlying  asset  is  available  for  use).  Right-of-use  assets  are 
measured  at  cost,  less  any  accumulated  depreciation  and  impairment  losses,  and 
adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets 
includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and 
lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement  date  less  any  lease 
incentives  received.  Right-of-use  assets  are  depreciated  on  a  straight-line  basis 
over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets. 

If  ownership  of  the  leased  asset  transfers  to  the  Group  at  the  end  of  the  lease 
term  or  the  cost  reflects  the  exercise  of  a  purchase  option,  depreciation  is 
calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. 

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment.  

The  Group’s  lease  arrangements  do  not  contain  an  obligation  to  dismantle  and 
remove the underlying asset, restore the site on which it is located or restore the 
underlying asset to a specified condition. 

The Group’s right-of-use assets are included in trade and other receivables. 

ii) 

Lease liabilities 

At  the  commencement  date  of  the  lease,  the  Group  recognises  lease  liabilities 
measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. 
The  lease  payments  include  fixed  payments  (including  in-substance  fixed 
payments)  less  any  lease  incentives  receivable,  variable  lease  payments  that 
depend  on  an  index  or  a  rate,  and  amounts  expected  to  be  paid  under  residual 
value  guarantees.  The  lease  payments  also  include  the  exercise  price  of  a 
purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Group and payments of 
penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising 
the option to terminate. 

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised 
as  expenses  in  the  period  in  which  the  event  or  condition  that  triggers  the 
payment occurs. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(n) 

LEASES (continued) 

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental 
borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit 
in  the  lease  is  not  readily  determinable.  After  the  commencement  date,  the 
amount  of  lease  liabilities  is  increased  to  reflect  the  accretion  of  interest  and 
reduced  for  the  lease  payments  made.  In  addition,  the  carrying  amount  of  lease 
liabilities  is  re-measured  if  there  is  a  modification,  a  change  in  the  lease  term,  a 
change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a 
change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in 
the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset. 

The Group’s lease liabilities are included in trade and other payables. 

iii) 

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets 

The  Group  applies  the  short-term  lease  recognition  exemption  to  its  short-term 
leases of equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less 
from  the  commencement  date  and  do  not  contain  a  purchase  option).  It  also 
applies  the  lease  of  low-value  assets  recognition  exemption  to  leases  of  office 
equipment that are considered to be low value.  

Lease  payments  on  short-term  leases  and  leases  of  low  value  assets  are 
recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

(o)  BORROWING  COSTS  -  Borrowing  costs  are  capitalised  as  part  of  the  cost  of  a 
qualifying  asset  if  they  are  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition,  construction  or 
production of that asset. Capitalisation of borrowing costs commences when the activities 
to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale are in progress and the expenditures and 
borrowing  costs  are  incurred.  Borrowing  costs  are  capitalised  until  the  assets  are 
substantially  completed  for  their  intended  use  or  sale.  All  other  borrowing  costs  are 
expensed  in  the  period  they  occur.  Borrowing  costs  consist  of  interest  and  other  costs 
that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. 

(p)  REVENUE  RECOGNITION – The Group as lessor, leases aircraft principally under both 
operating  leases  and  finance  leases.  Revenue  which  is  not  derived  from  leases  is 
measured as follows:  

(i) 

Interest  income  is  accrued  on  a  time  basis,  by  reference  to  the  principal 
outstanding  and  at  the  effective  interest  rate  applicable,  which  is  the  rate  that 
exactly  discounts  estimated  future  cash  receipts  through  the  expected  life  of  the 
financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount. 

(ii)  Dividend  income  from  investments  is  recognised  when  the  company’s  right  to 

receive payment have been established. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(q)  CONTINGENCIES – A contingent liability is: 

(i) 

a  possible  obligation  that  arises  from  past  events  and  whose  existence  will  be 
confirmed  only  by  the  occurrence  or  non-occurrence  of  one  or  more  uncertain 
future events not wholly within the control of the Group; or 

(ii) 

a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because: 

i. 

ii. 

It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits 
will be required to settle the obligation; or 
The amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. 

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence 
will  be  confirmed  only  by  the  occurrence  or  non-occurrence  of  one  or  more  uncertain 
future events not wholly within the control of the Group. 

(r) 

TAXATION - Taxation expense represents the sum of current tax and deferred tax. 

Current tax is based on taxable profit for the financial period. Taxable profit differs from 
profit  as  reported  in  profit  or  loss  because  it  excludes  items  of  income  or  expense  that 
are  taxable  or  deductible  in  other  years  and  it  further  excludes  items  that  are  never 
taxable  or  deductible.  The  Group’s  liability  for  current  tax  is  calculated  using  tax  rates 
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. 

Deferred  tax  is  recognised  on  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities  in  the  financial  statements  and  the  corresponding  tax  bases  used  in  the 
computation  of  taxable  profit.  Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  generally  recognised  for  all 
taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that 
it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  deductible  temporary 
differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary 
difference  arises  from  goodwill  or  from  the  initial  recognition  (other  than  in  a  business 
combination)  of  other  assets  and  liabilities  in  a  transaction  that  affects  neither  the 
taxable profit nor the accounting profit. 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on 
investments in subsidiaries, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the 
temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in 
the foreseeable future. 

The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and 
reduced  to  the  extent  that  it  is  no  longer probable  that  sufficient  taxable  profits  will  be 
available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when 
the liability is settled or the asset realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited to profit or 
loss, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case 
the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  when  there  is  a  legally  enforceable  right  to 
set  off  current  tax  assets  against  current  tax  liabilities  and  when  they  relate  to  income 
taxes  levied  by  the  same  taxation  authority  and  the  Group  intends  to  settle  its  current 
tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

The Company is tax resident in Singapore. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(s) 

FOREIGN  CURRENCIES - The Group’s consolidated financial statements and Company 
financial  statements  are  presented  in  United  States  Dollars.  The  individual  financial 
statements of each Group entity are presented in the currency of the primary economic 
environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (its  functional  currency)  and  United  States 
Dollars is the functional currency of most Group entities, including the parent company. 

In preparing the financial statements of the individual entities, transactions in currencies 
other  than  the  entity’s  functional  currency  (foreign  currencies)  are  recorded  at  rates  of 
exchange  prevailing  on  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  At  each  reporting  date,  monetary 
items  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are  retranslated  at  rates  prevailing  on  the 
reporting date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign 
currencies  are  retranslated  at  rates  prevailing  on  the  date  when  the  fair  value  was 
determined.  Non-monetary  items  that  are  measured  in  terms  of  historical  cost  in  a 
foreign currency are not retranslated. 

Exchange  differences  arising  on  the  settlement  of  monetary  items,  and  on  the 
retranslation  of  monetary  items,  are  included  in  profit  or  loss  for  the  period.  Exchange 
differences  arising  on  the  retranslation  of  non-monetary  items  carried  at  fair  value  are 
included in profit or loss for the period except for differences arising on the retranslation 
of  non-monetary  items  in  respect  of  which  gains  and  losses  are  recognised  directly  in 
equity.  For  such  non-monetary  items,  any  exchange  component  of  that  gain  or  loss  is 
also recognised directly in equity. 

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities 
of the Group’s foreign operations are expressed in United States Dollars using exchange 
rates  prevailing  on  the  reporting  date.  Income  and  expense  items  are  translated  at  the 
average  exchange  rates  for  the  period,  unless  exchange  rates  fluctuated  significantly 
during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are 
used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are classified as equity and transferred to the 
Group’s  translation  reserve.  Such  translation  differences  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss 
in the period in which the foreign operation is disposed of. 

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are 
treated  as  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  foreign  operation  and  translated  at  the  closing 
rate. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(t) 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Financial assets 

Initial recognition and measurement 

Financial  assets  are  classified,  at  initial  recognition,  as  subsequently  measured  at 
amortised  cost,  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (OCI),  and  fair  value 
through profit or loss.  

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s 
contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them.  
With  the  exception  of  trade  receivables  that  do  not  contain  a  significant  financing 
component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient, the Group initially 
measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair 
value thought profit or loss, transaction costs. 

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value 
thought OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest  (‘SPPI’)  on  the  principal  amount  outstanding.  This  assessment  is  referred  to  as 
the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.  

The  Group’s  business  model  for  managing  financial  assets  refers  to  how  it  manages  its 
financial assets in order to generate cash flows.  The business model determines whether 
cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flow, selling the financial assets or 
both. 

All  purchases  and  sales  of  financial  assets  are  recognised  or  derecognised  on  the  trade 
date which is the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.  

Subsequent measurement 

For  the  purposes  of  subsequent  measurement,  financial  assets  are  classified  in  four 
categories: 

• 
• 

• 

• 

Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) 
Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and 
losses (debt instruments) 
Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative 
gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments) 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(t) 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) 

(i) 

Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments) 

This  category  is  the  most  relevant  to the  Group.    The  Group  measures  financial 
assets at amortised cost if both of the conditions are met: 

• 

• 

The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold 
financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows 
And 
The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specific dates to cash 
flows  that  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest  on  the  principal 
amount outstanding 

Financial assets at amortised cost are subsequently measured using the effective 
interest  (EIR)  method  and  are  subject  to  impairment.    Gains  and  losses  are 
recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired. 

The Group’s financial assets at amortised cost are cash and bank balances, trade 
and other receivables and finance lease receivables. 

(ii) 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  include  financial  assets  held 
for  trading,  financial  assets  designated  upon  initial  recognition  at  fair  value 
through profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at 
fair  value.  Financial  assets  are  classified as  held  for  trading  if  they  are  acquired 
for  the  purpose  of  selling  or  repurchasing  in  the  near  term.    Derivatives, 
including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading 
unless  they  are  designated  as  effective  hedging  instruments.  Financial  assets 
with  cash  flows  that  are  not  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest  are 
classified  and  measured  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss,  irrespective  of  the 
business  model.    Notwithstanding  the  criteria  for  debt  instruments  to  be 
classified  at  amortised  cost  or  at  fair  value  through  OCI,  debt  instruments  may 
be designated at fair value though profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so 
eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch. 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of 
financial  position  at  fair  value  with  net  changes  in  fair  value  recognised  in  the 
statement of profit or loss. 

The  Group’s  financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  are  options  held 
for trading and derivative financial assets. 

Derecognition  

A financial asset is derecognised where the contractual right to receive cash flows from 
the  asset  has  expired.  On  derecognition  of  a  financial  asset  in  its  entirety,  the 
difference between the carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and 
any  cumulative  gain  or  loss  that  had  been  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income 
for financial assets is recognised in profit or loss. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(t) 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) 

Financial liabilities 

Initial recognition and measurement 

Financial  liabilities  are  recognised  when,  and  only  when,  the  Group  becomes  a  party  to 
the  contractual  provisions  of  the  financial  instrument.  The  Group  determines  the 
classification  of  its  financial  liabilities  at  initial  recognition.  Financial  liabilities  are 
recognised initially at fair value, minus in the case of financial liabilities not at fair value 
through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs. 

Subsequent measurement  

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as follows:  

(i) 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities 
held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair 
value. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are acquired 
for  the  purpose  of  selling  in  the  near  term.  Subsequent  to  initial  recognition, 
financial  liabilities  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  are  measured  at  fair 
value.  Any  gains  or  losses  arising  from  changes  in  fair  value  of  the  financial 
liabilities are recognised in profit or loss.  

(ii) 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

After  initial  recognition,  financial  liabilities  that  are  not  carried  at  fair  value 
through  profit  or  loss  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the 
effective  interest  method.  Gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss 
when the liabilities are derecognised, and through the amortisation process. 

Derecognition 

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged 
or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from 
the  same  lender  on  substantially  different  terms,  or  the  terms  of  an  existing  liability 
are  substantially  modified,  such  an  exchange  or  modification  is  treated  as  a  de-
recognition  of  the  original  liability  and  the  recognition  of  a  new  liability,  and  the 
difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss. 

Offsetting of financial instruments  

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  offset  and  the  net  amount  is  presented  in 
the  statement  of  financial  position,  when  and  only  when,  there  is  a  currently 
enforceable  legal  right  to  set  off  the  recognised  amounts  and  there  is  an  intention  to 
settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(u) 

IMPAIRMENT  OF  FINANCIAL  ASSETS  -  The  Group  recognises  an  allowance  for 
expected credit losses (“ECLs”) for all financial assets not held at fair value through profit 
or  loss.  ECLs  are  based  on  the  difference  between  the  contractual  cash  flows  due  in 
accordance  with  the  contract  and  all  the  cash  flows  that  the  Group  expects  to  receive, 
discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash 
flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements 
that are integral to the contractual terms.  

Loss allowances of the Group are measured on either of the following bases: 
• 

12-month  ECLs:  these  are  ECLs  that  result  from  default  events  that  are  possible 
within the 12 months after the reporting date (or for a shorter period if the expected 
life of the instrument is less than 12 months); or 

• 

Lifetime  ECLs:  these  are  ECLs  that  result  from  all  possible  default  events  over  the 
expected life of a financial instrument.  

(i)  Simplified approach  

The  Group  applies  the  simplified  approach  to  provide  for  ECLs  for  all  trade 
receivables. The simplified approach requires the loss allowance to be measured at 
an amount equal to lifetime ECLs. 

The Group established a provision matrix based on the Group’s historical credit loss 
experience,  adjusted  for  forward-looking  factors  specific  to  the  debtors  and  the 
economic environment. 

(ii)  General approach 

The  Group  applies  the  general  approach  to  provide  for  ECLs  on  finance  lease 
receivables and all other financial assets not held at fair value through profit or loss. 
Under the general approach, the loss allowance is measured at an amount equal to 
12-month ECLs at initial recognition.  

At  each  reporting  date,  the  Group  assesses  whether  the  credit  risk  of  a  financial 
instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. When credit risk has 
increased  significantly  since  initial  recognition,  loss  allowance  is  measured  at  an 
amount equal to lifetime ECLs.  

When  determining  whether  the  credit  risk  of  a  financial  asset  has  increased 
significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECLs, the Group considers 
reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue 
cost  or  effort.  This  includes  both  quantitative  and  qualitative  information  and 
analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and informed credit assessment 
and includes forward-looking information.  

If  credit  risk  has  not  increased  significantly  since  initial  recognition  or  if  the  credit 
quality  of  the  financial  instruments  improves  such  that  there  is  no  longer  a 
significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, loss allowance is measured 
at an amount equal to 12-month ECLs. 

For  the  purpose  of  recognition  of  an  allowance  for  ECL,  the  Group  considers  a  financial 
asset to be in default: 
•  when  the  lessee  does  not  pay  the  amounts  due  under  its  lease  agreements  to  the 

Group in excess of the security deposit or the value of the collateral; or 

• 

in the case where the financial asset is not secured, when the financial asset is more 
than 90 days past due. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(v)  CASH  AND  BANK  BALANCES  -  Cash  and  bank  balances  comprise  cash  and  cash 

equivalents and restricted cash.  

•  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  at  bank  and  on  hand,  demand  deposits, 
and  short-term,  highly  liquid  investments  that  are  readily  convertible  to  known 
amount of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value. 

•  Restricted  cash  balances  comprise  bank  balances  which  are  pledged  as  security  for 

certain loan obligations. 

(w)  TRADE  AND  OTHER  PAYABLES  –  Liabilities  for  trade  and  other  payables  which  are 
normally  settled  within  30  to  60  days  credit  terms,  are  initially  carried  at  cost  which  is 
the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  to  be  paid  in  the  future  for  goods  and  services 
received,  whether  or  not  billed  to  the  Group  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortised 
cost using the effective interest method. 

Gains and losses are recognised in the profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised 
as well as through the amortisation process. 

(x) 

LOANS  AND  BORROWINGS  -  Interest-bearing  loans  from  banks  and  financial 
institutions  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value,  and  are  subsequently  measured  at 
amortised  cost,  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method.  Any  difference  between  the 
proceeds  (net  of  transaction  costs)  and  the  settlement  or  redemption  of  borrowings  is 
recognised  over  the  term  of  the  borrowings  in  accordance  with  the  Group’s  accounting 
policy for borrowing costs (see above). 

•  Modification of loans – The Group assesses whether the new terms of modified third 
party  loans  results  in  a  modification  of  contractual  cash  flows  substantially  different 
to  the  original  terms.  In  making  this  assessment,  the  Group  considers,  among 
others,  significant  changes  in  the  interest  rate.    If  the  terms  are  substantially 
different, the Group derecognises the original financial liability and recognises a new 
financial  liability  at  fair  value  and  recalculates  a  new  effective  interest  rate  for  the 
liability. If the terms are not substantially different, the modification does not result 
in derecognition, and the Group recalculates the gross carrying amount based on the 
revised cash flows of the liability recalculated by discounting the modified cash flows 
at  the  original  effective  interest  rate  and  recognises  a  modification  gain  or  loss  in 
profit or loss. The present value of the modified cash flow of the financial liability is 
subsequently amortised using the effective interest rate method over the remaining 
life of the loan and recorded as part of finance income in the consolidated statement 
of profit or loss. 

(y)  SHARE  CAPITAL,  SHARE  ISSUANCE  EXPENSES  AND  TREASURY  SHARES  - 
Proceeds  from  issuance  of  ordinary  shares  in  excess  of  the  par  value  are  recognised  in 
share  premium  in  equity.  Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issuance  of 
ordinary shares are deducted from share premium. 

Own equity instruments that are reacquired (treasury shares) are recognised at cost and 
deducted  from  equity.  No  gain  or  loss  is  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  on  the  purchase, 
sale, issue or cancellation of the Group’s own equity instruments. Any difference between 
the carrying amount and the consideration, if reissued, is recognised in share premium.  

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

3. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

(z)  DERIVATIVE  FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS  AND  HEDGING  –  The  Group  uses 
derivative  financial  instruments  such  as  interest  rate  swap  contracts  to  hedge  its  risks 
associated  with  interest  rate  fluctuations.  Such  derivative  financial  instruments  are 
initially  recognised  at  fair  value  on  the  date  on  which  a  derivative  contract  is  entered 
into, and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. 

Any gains or losses arising from changes in fair value on derivatives that do not qualify 
for  hedge  accounting  are  taken  directly  into  profit  or  loss.    At  the  inception  of  a  hedge 
relationship,  the  Group  formally  designates  and  documents  the  hedge  relationship  to 
which  the  Group  wishes  to  apply  hedge  accounting  and  the  risk  management  objective 
and strategy for undertaking the hedge. 

The documentation includes identification of the hedged item or transaction, the hedging 
instrument,  the  nature  of  the  risk  being  hedged  and  how  the  Group  will  assess  the 
hedging  instrument’s  effectiveness  in  offsetting  the  exposure  to  changes  in  the  hedged 
item’s  (or  transaction’s)  cash  flows  attributable  to  the  hedged  risk.  Such  hedges  are 
expected  to  be  highly  effective  in  achieving  offsetting  changes  in  cash  flows,  and  are 
assessed  on  an  ongoing  basis  to  determine  that  they  have  been  highly  effective 
throughout the financial reporting periods for which they are designated. 

Hedging  relationships  designated  under  IAS  39  Financial  Instruments  that  were  still 
existing as at 30 June 2018 are treated as continuing hedges and hedge documentation 
was aligned accordingly to the requirements of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. 

Derivatives are classified as fair value through profit or loss unless they qualify for hedge 
accounting.  Derivatives which meet the criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for 
as cash flow hedges. 

For cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument 
is recognised directly in the fair value reserve, while the ineffective portion is recognised 
in profit or loss. 

Amounts taken to the fair value reserve are transferred to profit or loss when the hedged 
transaction affects profit or loss, such as when a forecast sale or purchase occurs. If the 
hedged  item  is  a  non-financial  asset  or  liability,  the  amounts  taken  to  the  fair  value 
reserve  are  transferred  to  the  initial  carrying  amount  of  the  non-financial  asset  or 
liability. 

(aa)  SEGMENTAL  REPORTING  -  Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent 
with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the  Board  of  Directors  who  are  responsible  for 
allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance  of  the  operating  segment.  The  Group’s 
principal activity is aircraft leasing and therefore only has one reportable segment. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

4  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS 

Estimates  and  assumptions  concerning  the  future  are  made  in  the  preparation  of  financial 
statements.    They  affect  the  application  of  the  Group’s  accounting  policies,  reported  amounts 
of  assets,  liabilities,  income  and  expenses  and  disclosures  made.    They  are  assessed  on  an 
ongoing  basis  and  are  based  on  experience  and  relevant  factors,  including  expectations  of 
future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. 

The key assumptions concerning the future at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of 
causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next 
financial year are discussed below. 

(a) 

Impairment  and  review  of  residual  value  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  – 
aircraft 

The Group periodically evaluates its aircraft for impairment and also reviews the residual 
value  of  the  aircraft.    Management  exercises  significant  judgement  in  determining 
whether there is any indication that any aircraft may have been impaired or changes in 
residual value. This exercise involves management considering both internal and external 
sources  of  information  which  include  but  are  not  limited  to:  observable  indications  that 
the value of the aircraft has declined during the period significantly more than would be 
expected as a result of the passage of time or normal use; significant adverse changes in 
the expected usage of the aircraft, technological or aviation environment that have taken 
place  or  will  take  place  in  the  near  future;  significant  increase  in  market  interest  rates; 
evidence  of  obsolescence  or  physical  damage  of  the  aircraft  and  worse  than  expected 
economic performance of the aircraft.   

The  carrying  amount  of  the  property,  plant  and  equipment  at  the  end  of  the  reporting 
period is disclosed in Note 19. 

(b)  Revaluation of property, plant and equipment – aircraft 

The Group periodically revalues its aircraft using lease encumbered value (“LEV”).  Under 
such a valuation, which reflects highest and best use given the fact that the aircraft are 
held for use in a leasing business, the income streams associated with the lease and the 
expected  future  market  value  of  the  aircraft  at  the  end  of  the  lease  are  discounted  to 
current  values.    Critical  assumptions  made  in  determining  LEV  are  the  discount  rate 
applied  to  cashflows  associated  with  the  lease  and  the  expected  future  value  of  aircraft 
at the end of the lease. The factors considered in estimating the undiscounted cash flows 
are impacted by changes in future periods due to changes in projected lease rental and 
maintenance  payments,  residual  values,  economic  conditions,  technology,  airline 
demand for a particular aircraft type and other factors.  

The  carrying  amount  of  the  property,  plant  and  equipment  -aircraft  at  the  end  of  the 
reporting period is disclosed in Note 19. 

(c) 

Impairment of financial assets 

The  Group  follows  the  guidance  of  IFRS  9  Financial  Instruments  in  determining  when  a 
financial  asset  is  impaired,  and  this  requires  judgement  on  the  correlation  between 
historical observed default rates and ECLs. The Group’s methodology for calculating ECLs 
is set out in Note 7. 

The carrying amount of financial assets at the end of the reporting period is disclosed in 
Note 6. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

4  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued) 

(d)  Fair value estimation for aircraft purchase rights 

The Group values aircraft purchase rights using the binomial option price model.  Critical 
assumptions  made  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  the  aircraft  purchase  rights  include 
the market value volatility rates used. 

The  carrying  amount  of  aircraft  purchase  rights  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period  is 
disclosed in Note 25. 

(e) 

Income taxes and deferred income taxes 

a. 

Commencing  17  April  2014,  Avation  Group  (S)  Pte.  Ltd.  (“AGS”)  and  its 
subsidiaries  were  awarded  a  5-year  Aircraft  Leasing  Scheme  incentive  (“ALS”)  by 
the Singapore Economic Development Board, whereby income from the leasing of 
aircraft and aircraft engines and qualifying activities was taxed at a concessionary 
rate  of  10%.  Qualifying  income  during  the  period  17  April  2014  to  16  April  2019 
was  taxed  at  the  concessionary  rate  subject  to  meeting  the  terms  and  conditions 
of the incentive. 

On  26  April  2019,  Avation  Group  (S)  Pte.  Ltd.  and  its  subsidiaries  were  awarded 
another 5-year Aircraft Leasing Scheme incentive, where income from the leasing 
of  aircraft  and  aircraft  engines  and  qualifying  activities  will  be  taxed  at  a 
concessionary  rate  of  8%.  The  effective  date  is  17  April  2019.  Accordingly, 
qualifying  income  derived  from  the  period  17  April  2019  to  16  April  2024  will  be 
taxed at the 8% concessionary rate subject to meeting the terms and conditions of 
the  incentive.  Management’s  judgement  is  required  in  the  application  of  the 
concessionary  tax  rate  of  8%  in  determining  the  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax 
asset and liability for temporary differences that are expected to realised or settled 
beyond 16 April 2024. 

b. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  all  unabsorbed  capital  allowances  and 
unutilised  tax  losses  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profit  will  be 
available  against  which  the  losses  can  be  utilised.    Management  judgement  is 
required  determine  the  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  that  can  be  recognised, 
based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits. 

(f) 

Consolidation  of  special  purpose  entity  (“SPE”)  –  Avation  Airframe  Holdings  Pte. 
Ltd. 

Although  the  ultimate  shareholder  of  the  SPE  is  a  trust,  the  Directors  of  Avation  PLC 
consider that they have the power to, and in practice, control the day to day activities of 
the SPE.  Furthermore, Avation PLC is entitled to the benefits and is exposed to the risks 
of  the  activities  of  the  SPE,  which  are  consistent  with  the  operations  of  the  Group,  and 
are  conducted  on  behalf  of  the  Group  according  to  the  Group’s  specific business  needs.  
Accordingly the SPE is consolidated as a subsidiary in these financial statements. 

The Group would cease to control the SPE in the event of a “Relevant Event” as defined 
in  the  financing  agreement,  for  example,  a  delay  in  payment  of  interest.  Were  this  to 
occur  consolidation  would  cease  at  that  point  although  the  Group  has  no  intention,  or 
anticipation, that any such event will occur. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

5 

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS  

(a) 

Standards and interpretations adopted during the year 

The Group has adopted all new standards that have come into effect during the year ended 30 
June  2020.  The  adoption  of  these  standards  did  not  have  any  material  effect  on  the  financial 
performance or position of the Group and the Company except as set out below: 

IFRS 16 Leases 

The Group adopted IFRS 16 Leases on 1 July 2019.  IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 
Determining  whether  an  Arrangement  contains  a  Lease,  SIC-15  Operating  Leases-Incentives 
and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease. The 
standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure 
of leases and requires lessees to recognise most leases on the statement of financial position. 

Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17. Lessors will continue 
to  classify  leases  as  either  operating  or  finance  leases  using  similar  principles  as  in  IAS  17. 
Therefore, IFRS 16 did not have an impact for leases where the Group is the lessor. 

The Group has lease contracts for offices as lessee. Before the adoption of IFRS 16, the Group 
classified these leases as operating leases.   

Upon adoption of IFRS 16, the Group applied a single recognition and measurement approach 
for all leases.  The standard provides specific transition requirements and practical expedients, 
which have been applied by the Group. 

Leases previously accounted for as operating leases 
The  Group  recognised  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities  for  lease  contracts  for  offices 
previously  classified  as  operating  leases.  The  right-of-use  assets  for  most  leases  were 
recognised  based  on  the  carrying  amount  as  if  the  standard  had  always  been  applied,  apart 
from  the  use  of  incremental  borrowing  rate  at  the  date  of  initial  application.  Lease  liabilities 
were  recognised  based  on  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease  payments,  discounted 
using  the  weighted  average  of  cost  of  debt  of  the  Group  of  4.6%  at  the  date  of  initial 
application.   

The Group also applied the available practical expedients wherein it: 
•  Used a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics 
•  Relied  on  its  assessment  of  whether  leases  are  onerous  immediately  before  the  date  of 

initial application 

•  Applied  the  short-term  leases  exemptions  to  leases  with  lease  term  that  ends  within  12 

• 

months of the date of initial application 
Excluded the initial direct costs from the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date 
of initial application 

•  Used  hindsight  in  determining  the  lease  term  where  the  contract  contained  options  to 

extend or terminate the lease 

The lease liabilities as of 1 July 2019 can be reconciled to the operating lease commitments as 
of 30 June 2019, as follows: 

Operating lease commitments as of 30 June 2019 

Weighted average of cost of debt as of 1 July 2019 

Discounted operating lease commitments and lease liabilities as  

of 1 July 2019 

70 

US$’000s 

1,278 

4.6% 

1,144 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

5 

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (continued) 

The effect of adoption IFRS 16 as of 1 July 2019 (increase/(decrease) is, as follows: 

Assets: 

Right-of-use assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities: 

Lease liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Total adjustment on equity: 

Retained earnings 

US$’000s 

945 

945 

1,144 

1,144 

(199) 

(199) 

(b) 

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted 

The Group has not adopted the following new or amended standards and interpretations which 
are relevant to the Group that have been issued but are not yet effective:  

Description  

Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in 
IFRS Standards 
Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7: Interest Rate  
Benchmark Reform 

Effective date 
(period beginning) 

1 January 2020 

1 January 2020 

Amendments to IFRS 3: Definition of a Business 

1 January 2020 

Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material 

1 January 2020 

Amendments to IFRS 16: Covid-19 Related Rent Concessions 

1 June 2020 

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform — Phase 2: Amendments to 
IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 (Not yet endorsed 
for use in the EU.) 
Amendments  to  IAS  1:  Classification  of  Liabilities  as  Current  or 
Non-current 

Amendments  to  IAS  37:  Onerous  Contracts  –  Cost  of  Fulfilling  a 
Contract 

Amendments to IAS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment, Proceeds 
before Intended Use 

AIP (2018-2020 cycle): IFRS 9 Financial Instruments – Fees in 
the ’10 per cent’ Test for Derecognition of Financial Liabilities 

1 January 2021 

1 January 2022 

1 January 2022 

1 January 2022 

1 January 2022 

Amendments to IFRS 3:  Reference to the Conceptual Framework 

1 January 2022 

Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28: Sale or Contribution of 
Assets between an Investor and its Associate or joint venture 

No effective date 

Based  on  a  preliminary  assessment  using  currently  available  information,  the  Group  does  not 
expect  the  adoption  of  the  above  standards  to  have  a  material  impact  on  the  financial 
statements  in  the  period  of  initial  application.  These  preliminary  assessments  may  be  subject 
to  changes  arising  from  ongoing  analyses  when  the  Group  adopts  the  standards.  The  Group 
plans to adopt the above standards on the effective date. 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

6 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT 

The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid 
to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement 
date. 

The  carrying  amounts  of  cash  and  bank  balances,  trade  and  other  receivables,  finance  lease 
receivables – current, trade and other payables - current and loans and borrowings – current are 
a  reasonable  approximation  of  fair  value  either  due  to  their  short-term  nature  or  because  the 
interest rate charged closely approximates market interest rates or that the financial instruments 
have been discounted to their fair value at a current pre-tax interest rate. 

The fair value of the maintenance reserves is not disclosed in the table below as the timing and 
cost of the maintenance reserves cannot be determined with certainty in advance and hence the 
fair value of the maintenance reserve cannot be measured. 

Group 

2020 

Carrying 

amount 

US$’000s 

Fair value 

amount 

Fair value 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

2019 

Carrying 

Financial assets: 

Finance lease receivables – non-current 

85,019 

82,631 

Derivative financial assets 

- 

- 

37,137 

363 

35,661 

363 

Financial liabilities: 

Deposits collected – non-current 

9,185 

8,639 

13,979 

13,273 

Loans and borrowings other than 

unsecured notes – non-current 

Unsecured notes  

Derivative financial liabilities 

534,755 

346,656 

27,928 

502,534 

261,143 

27,928 

660,727 

344,966 

10,174 

644,726 

358,327 

10,174 

Company 

2020 

Carrying 

amount 

US$’000s 

Fair value 

amount 

Fair value 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

2019 

Carrying 

Financial liabilities: 

Deposits collected – non-current 

300 

300 

200 

200 

Loans and borrowings - non-current 

125,779 

120,144 

136,900 

132,497 

Derivative financial liabilities 

7,725 

7,725 

2,817 

2,817 

The  fair  values  (other  than  the  unsecured  notes  and  derivative  financial  assets  and  liabilities) 
above  are  estimated  by  discounting  expected  future  cash  flows  at  market  incremental  lending 
rate for similar types of lending, borrowing or leasing arrangements at the end of the reporting 
period.  

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

6 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (continued) 

The fair value of the unsecured notes are based on level 1 quoted prices (unadjusted) in active 
market that the Group can access at measurement date. 

The  fair  value  of  the  derivative  financial  instruments  is  determined  by  reference  to  marked-to-
market values provided by counterparties.  The fair value measurement of all derivative financial 
instruments  under  the  Group  is  classified  under  Level  2  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy,  for  which 
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that 
is,  as  prices)  or  indirectly  (that  is,  derived  from  prices)  are  included  as  inputs  for  the 
determination of fair value. 

 Non-financial assets measured at fair value: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Fair value measurement using 

significant unobservable inputs: 

Aircraft 

Aircraft purchase rights 

1,055,970 

1,225,285 

27,110 

- 

19,566 

27,110 

37,547 

- 

Aircraft were valued at 30 June 2020 and 30 June 2019.  Refer to Note 19 for the details on the 
valuation technique and significant inputs used in the valuation. 

Information  about  significant  unobservable  inputs  used  in  Level  3  fair  value 
measurements 

The following table shows the information about the fair value measurements using unobservable 
inputs (Level 3): 

Description 

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Aircraft 

Lease-encumbered 
basis 

Discount rates 

Range 
(weighted 
average) 
2020 
5.50% to 8.00% 
for Jet (6.56%) 

Range 
(weighted 
average) 
2019 
5.75% to 7.75%  
for Jet (6.80%) 

5.50% to 9.00% 
for Turboprops 
(6.23%) 

6.00% to 9.25% 
for Turboprops 
(7.17%) 

Aircraft purchase 
rights 

Black Scholes model 

Volatility rates 

5.63% to 8.50% 
(6.13%) 

Not applicable 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

6 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (continued) 

Classification of financial instruments: 
A  comparison  by  category  of  carrying  amounts  of  all  the  Group  and  Company's  financial 
instruments that are carried in the financial statements which are considered to equate to fair 
value is set out below. 

Financial assets measured at 

amortised cost: 

Cash and bank balances 

Trade and other receivables 

Finance lease receivables 

Financial liabilities measured at 

amortised cost: 

Trade and other payables 

Loans and borrowings 

Maintenance reserves 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

114,585 

107,448 

19,800 

93,007 

12,616 

44,358 

1,421 

212,624 

- 

16,634 

209,927 

- 

227,392 

164,422 

214,045 

226,561 

15,282 

19,324 

1,071,738 

1,078,288 

60,977 

32,491 

29,172 

138,496 

- 

33,427 

147,474 

- 

1,147,997 

1,130,103 

167,668 

180,901 

Derivative used for hedging: 

Derivative financial assets 

- 

363 

- 

- 

Derivative financial liabilities  

(27,928) 

(10,174) 

(7,725) 

(2,817) 

Fair value through profit or loss: 

Aircraft purchase rights 

27,110 

- 

27,110 

- 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

6 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (continued) 

 A reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities is as follows: 

Group 

Loans and borrowings: 

Current 

Non-current 

Unsecured notes: 

Current 

Non-current 

Group 

Loans and borrowings: 

Current 

Non-current 

Unsecured notes: 

Non-current 

Company 

Loans and borrowings: 

Current 

Non-current 

Interest bearing payable due to 

subsidiaries 

2019 

Cash flows 

other 

2020 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Non-cash/ 

72,595 

660,727 

(67,935) 

185,667 

58,735 

(184,707) 

190,327 

534,755 

- 

- 

346,656 

346,656 

344,966 

1,078,288 

(763) 

(344,203) 

- 

(9,963) 

3,413 

1,071,738 

2018 

Cash flows 

other 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Non-cash/ 

71,704 

503,374 

(47,371) 

203,314 

48,262 

(45,961) 

72,595 

660,727 

293,522 

868,600 

48,944 

204,887 

2,500 

4,801 

344,966 

1,078,288 

2019 

Cash flows 

other 

2020 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Non-cash/ 

10,574 

136,900 

(9,457) 

- 

11,600 

(11,121) 

12,717 

125,779 

29,984 

(8,109) 

- 

21,875 

177,458 

(17,566) 

479 

160,371 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

6 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (continued) 

Company 

Loans and borrowings: 

Current 

Non-current 

Interest bearing payable due to 

subsidiaries 

2018 

Cash flows 

other 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Non-cash/ 

3,068 

48,309 

3,896 

91,979 

3,610 

(3,388) 

10,574 

136,900 

26,993 

2,991 

- 

29,984 

78,370 

98,866 

222 

177,458 

The  ‘other’  column  includes  the  amortisation  of  loan  insurance  premium  and  reclassification  of 
non-current portion of loans and borrowings due to passage of time. 

7 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES 

The Group’s activities expose it to a number of market related, operational and financial risks. 
Risk  is  mitigated  through  the  application  of  prudent  risk  management  policies.  The  risks 
described  below  are  those  that  the  Group  has  identified  as  the  most  significant  risks  to  the 
business. The Directors are responsible for managing risk and review risk management policies 
regularly. 

The  Group  utilises  derivative  financial  instruments  as  part  of  its  overall  risk  management 
strategy. 

(a)  Airline Industry Risks 

The  Group  faces  risks  specific  to  the  aviation  sector  including  war,  terrorism,  equipment 
failure  and  this  year,  Covid-19  pandemic.  These  exposures  are  managed  through  the 
requirement for the airlines that lease the Group’s assets to maintain insurance, adequate 
maintenance  policies  and/or  contribute  to  a  maintenance  reserve  for  the  major 
maintenance on each aircraft.   

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(b)  Credit risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk that debtors will default on their obligations to repay amounts 
owing to the Group.  

The  Group  has  adopted  a  prudent  credit  policy  towards  extending  credit  terms  to 
customers and in monitoring those credit terms.  This includes assessing customers’ credit 
standing  and  periodic  reviews  of  their  financial  status  to  determine  appropriate  credit 
limits.  The  Group  generally  requires  its  customers  to  pay  rentals  in  advance  and  provide 
collateral in the form of cash or letters of credit as security deposits for leases.   

The maximum exposure to credit risk in the event that counterparties fail to perform their 
obligations  in  relation  to  each  class  of  financial  assets  is  the  carrying  amount  of  those 
assets as stated in the statement of financial position.   

The  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  for  trade  receivables  at  the  reporting  date  by 
geographical area is: 

Asia-Pacific 

Europe 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

7,201 

494 

7,695 

3,743 

4 

3,747 

3 

102 

105 

36 

4 

40 

For trade receivables, the Group has applied the simplified approach and has calculated 
ECLs  based  on  lifetime  expected  losses.    The  Group  has  established  a  provision  matrix 
based  on  the  Group’s  historical  credit  loss  experience,  adjusted  for  forward-looking 
factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.  

Trade  receivables  that  are  neither  past  due  nor  impaired  amounting  to  US$1.5  million 
(2019: US$1.1 million) are substantially due from companies with a good payment track 
record. 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(b)   Credit risk (continued) 

Financial assets that are past due and/or impaired 

There is no class of financial assets that are past due and/or impaired except for trade 
receivables and interest bearing receivable. An allowance for expected credit losses of 
US$0.2  million  (2019:  US$0.2  million)  has  been  provided  in  relation  to  trade 
receivables  past  due  and  impaired  of  US$1.9  million  (2019:  US$2.7  million).  An 
allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  of  US$0.7  million  (2019:  US$Nil)  has  been 
provided in relation to interest bearing receivable. 

The age analysis of trade receivables past due but not impaired is as follows: 

Past due less than 3 months 

Past due 3 to 6 months 

Past due over 6 months 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

1,897 

1,794 

832 

157 

- 

35 

4,523 

192 

Bank  deposits  that  are  neither  past  due  or  impaired  are  mainly  deposits  with  banks 
with  strong  credit–ratings  from  international  credit-rating  agencies.    While  cash  and 
bank  balances  are  also  subject  to  the  impairment  requirements  of  IFRS  9,  the 
identified impairment loss was immaterial. 

Other  receivables  from  subsidiaries  are  low  in  default  credit  risk  as  these  subsidiaries 
are financially sound and with good payment track record. 

For  finance  lease  receivables,  the  Group  applied  the  general  approach  under  the 
standard. The Group’s finance lease receivables are considered to have low credit risk 
and  the  loss  allowance  recognised  during  the  period  was  therefore  limited  to  12 
months expected credit losses on non-secured amounts. The loss allowance for finance 
lease  receivables  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  and  reduces  carrying  amount  of  the 
finance  lease  receivables.  As  the  value  of  aircraft  that  secures  the  Group’s  finance 
lease receivables exceeds the value of the finance lease receivables, the Group has not 
recognised any loss allowance in respect of its finance lease receivables during the year 
ended 30 June 2020 (2019: US$nil). 

 (c) 

Interest rate risk 

The Group is exposed to interest rate risk through the impact of interest rate changes 
on floating rate interest bearing liabilities and assets.  

The Group seeks to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk by fixing interest rates on 
the majority of its loans and borrowings.  As at 30 June 2020, 90.7% (2019: 92.0%) of 
the  Group’s  loans  and  borrowings  are  at  fixed  or  hedged  interest  rates.  The  interest 
rate risk is not material and therefore no sensitivity analysis presented. 

The interest rates and repayment terms for financial assets and financial liabilities are 
disclosed in the respective notes to the financial statements as of 30 June 2020. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(d)   Foreign currency risk 

Foreign currency risk arises from transactions and cash balances that are not denominated 
in  the  Group’s  functional  currency.  The  Group’s  foreign  currency  exposures  arose  mainly 
from  movements  in  the  exchange  rate  for  Singapore  Dollars  and  Euro  against  the  United 
States Dollar. 

The  Group  aims  to  mitigate  foreign  currency  risk  by  holding  the  majority  of  its  cash 
balances  in  United  States  Dollars.    From  time  to  time  the  Group  utilises  forward  foreign 
currency contracts to hedge its exposure to specific currency risks. 

The Group’s foreign currency exposure is as follows: 

Group 

2020: 

Pound sterling 

Australian dollars 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

2019: 

Pound sterling 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

Cash and 

Other 

Other 

Net 

bank 

financial 

financial 

currency 

balances 

assets 

liabilities 

exposure 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

82 

- 

6,109 

232 

21 

1,503 

56,931 

121 

(78) 

(9) 

(47,873) 

(533) 

25 

1,494 

15,167 

(180) 

6,423 

58,576 

(48,493) 

16,506 

66 

5,307 

245 

62 

(53) 

30,389 

(27,753) 

29 

(493) 

75 

7,943 

(219) 

5,618 

30,480 

(28,299) 

7,799 

Company 

balances 

assets 

liabilities 

exposure 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Cash and 

Other 

Other 

Net 

bank 

financial 

financial 

currency 

2020: 

Pound sterling 

Australian dollars 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

2019: 

Pound sterling 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

38 

- 

- 

78 

20 

- 

(47) 

(4) 

53,835 

(54,014) 

31 

(28) 

11 

(4) 

(179) 

81 

116 

53,886 

(54,093) 

(91) 

30 

- 

57 

62 

(19) 

57,666 

(57,825) 

24 

(47) 

73 

(159) 

34 

87 

57,752 

(57,891) 

(52) 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(d)   Foreign currency risk (continued) 

The table below illustrates the effect on total profit and total equity that would result from 
a  strengthening  of  foreign  currencies  against  the  United  States  Dollar  by  10%  (2019: 
10%) with all other variables including tax rate being held constant:  

Foreign currency: 

Pound sterling 

Australian dollars 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

3 

149 

1,517 

(18) 

7 

- 

794 

(22) 

1 

- 

(18) 

8 

7 

- 

(16) 

3 

A  weakening  of  the  respective  currencies  by  10%  against  the  United  States  Dollar  would 
have an equal and opposite effect. 

The  Group  entered  into  Euro  denominated  lease  agreements  for  aircraft  and 
subsequently arranged Euro denominated financing and cross-currency swap contracts in 
order  to  hedge  exposure  to  foreign  exchange  risk  associated  with  Euro  denominated 
lease revenue by offsetting Euro cash inflows and outflows over the lease term. See note 
24. 

(e) 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Group  will  encounter  difficulty  in  meeting  financial 
obligations due to shortage of funds. The Group’s exposure to liquidity risk arises primarily 
from  mismatches  of  the  maturities  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities.  The  Group  monitors 
and maintains a level of cash and cash equivalents that management deems adequate to 
finance the Group’s operations and mitigate the effects of fluctuations in cash flows. Short-
term funding is obtained from loan facilities. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(e)   Liquidity risk (continued) 

Analysis of financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities 

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities at the 
end of the reporting period based on contractual undiscounted repayment obligations: 

Group 

2020: 

Financial liabilities: 

Trade and other payables 

Loans and borrowings 

Maintenance reserves 

2019: 

Financial liabilities: 

Trade and other payables 

Loans and borrowings 

Maintenance reserves 

One year or 

One to five 

Over five 

Total 

less 

years 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

years 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

1,207 

608,966 

3,836 

3,767 

384,308 

57,141 

8,394 

217,738 

- 

13,368 

1,211,012 

60,977 

614,009 

445,216 

226,132 

1,285,357 

849 

125,702 

1,166 

7,550 

832,463 

31,325 

9,021 

327,494 

- 

17,420 

1,285,659 

32,491 

127,717 

871,338 

336,515 

1,335,570 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(e)   Liquidity risk (continued) 

Analysis of financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities 

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities at 
the  end  of  the  reporting  period  based  on  contractual  undiscounted  repayment 
obligations: 

Company 

less 

years 

years 

One year or 

One to five 

Over five 

Total 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

2020: 

Financial liabilities: 

Trade and other payables 

Loans and borrowings 

2019: 

Financial liabilities: 

Trade and other payables 

Loans and borrowings 

28,511 

18,187 

530 

128,521 

46,698 

129,051 

33,081 

15,757 

200 

145,327 

48,838 

145,527 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

29,041 

146,708 

175,749 

33,281 

161,084 

194,365 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

7 

FINANCIAL  INSTRUMENTS,  RISK  MANAGEMENT  OBJECTIVES  AND  POLICIES 
(continued) 

(f) 

Capital risk 

For the purpose of the Group’s capital management, capital includes debt and equity items 
such  as  issued  capital,  share  premium  and  all  other  equity  reserves  attributable  to  the 
equity holders of the parent. 

The  Group’s  objectives  when  managing  capital  are  to  safeguard  the  Group’s  ability  to 
continue  as  a  going  concern  and  to  maintain  a  suitable  capital  structure  so  as  to  fund 
growth  and  maximise  shareholder  value.    In  order  to  maintain  or  achieve  an  optimal 
capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividend payments, return capital to 
shareholders,  issue  new  shares,  buy  back  issued  shares,  incur  new  borrowings  or  sell 
assets to reduce borrowings. 

Management monitors capital based on a gearing ratio.  The gearing ratio is calculated as 
net  indebtedness  divided  by  total  assets.    Net  indebtedness  is  calculated  as  loans  and 
borrowings less unrestricted cash and bank balances. 

The  Group  calculates  its  gearing  ratio  on  the  basis  of  net  indebtedness  divided  by  total 
assets.   

Group 

Company 

2020 

US$’000s 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Net indebtedness 

Total assets 

1,036,448 

1,415,584 

1,016,599 

1,392,750 

137,075 

275,939 

130,840 

277,713 

Gearing ratio: 

73.2% 

73.0% 

49.7% 

47.1% 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

8 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

In addition to related party information disclosed elsewhere in these financial statements, the 
following  transactions  took  place  between  the  Group  and  related  parties  at  terms  agreed 
between the parties. 

(a)  Remuneration of key management personnel 

The  remuneration  of  Directors  and  key  management  includes  fees,  salary,  bonus, 
commission and other emoluments (including benefits-in-kind) based on the cost incurred 
by the Company and the Group, and where the Company or Group did not incur any costs, 
the value of the benefits. Key management remuneration is as follows: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Key management: 

Short-term employee benefits 

3,174 

2,883 

753 

642 

The amount above includes remuneration in respect of the highest paid Director as follows: 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Aggregate emoluments 

908 

803 

The Directors do not receive any pension contribution from the Company. 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

8 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) 

(b)  Significant related party transactions: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Entities controlled by key 

management personnel  

(including Directors): 

Lease liability paid 

Consulting fee paid 

Service fee received 

(286) 

(376) 

104 

(292) 

(417) 

6 

(98) 

(376) 

- 

(111) 

(417) 

- 

(c) 

Significant transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries: 

Sale of aircraft  

Dividend income  

Interest income 

Rental income 

Return of capital 

Interest expense 

Lease termination fee 

Company 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

38,298 

19,964 

- 

5,222 

- 

1,508 

(1,127) 

- 

5,647 

4,308 

1,527 

- 

(1,271) 

(174) 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

9 

REVENUE 

Lease rental revenue 

Less: amortisation of lease incentive asset 

Interest income on finance leases 

Deposits released revenue 

Maintenance reserves revenue 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

127,140 

117,673 

(524) 

- 

126,616 

117,673 

3,266 

3,774 

1,618 

1,382 

- 

- 

135,274 

119,055 

The  deposits  released  revenue  relates  to  security  deposits  released  from  insolvent  airline 
customers that defaulted on lease payments. 

The maintenance reserves revenue relates to the recovery of maintenance reserve from insolvent 
airline customers that defaulted on lease payments.  See Note 32. 

Geographical analysis 

2020 

2019 

Europe 
US$’000s 

Asia 
Pacific 
US$’000s 

Total 
US$’000s 

34,537 

31,385 

100,737 

87,670 

135,274 

119,055 

During the year ended 30 June 2020, five customers individually represented more than 5% of 
the Group’s total revenue (2019: six) of which four are based in Asia-Pacific (2019: four) and 
one  is  based  in  Europe  (2019:  two).    The  largest  customer,  who  is  based  in  Asia-Pacific, 
accounts for US$26.2 million or 19.3% of the Group’s total revenue (2019: US$26.4 million or 
22.2%).  

10 

OTHER INCOME 

Deposit released 

Foreign currency exchange gain 

Others 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

193 

539 

538 

- 

29 

186 

1,270 

215 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

11 

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

Staff costs (note 15) 

Other administrative expenses 

12 

OTHER EXPENSES 

Aircraft repossession expenses 

Expected credit loss on receivables and accrued revenue 

Others 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

5,916 

5,997 

5,205 

5,749 

11,913 

10,954 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

1,375 

855 

190 

- 

166 

- 

2,420 

166 

Aircraft  repossession  expenses  arose  due  to  an  insolvent  airline  customer  that  defaulted  on  its 
lease payments. 

13 

FINANCE INCOME 

Interest income from financial institutions 

Interest income from non-financial institutions 

Interest rate swap break gains 

Fair value gain on derivatives 

Finance income from discounting non-current deposits to fair value 

Gain on early cancellation of unsecured note 

Lease modification gain  

Loan modification gain  

Others 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

697 

15 

- 

- 

480 

237 

42 

- 

- 

1,099 

317 

174 

819 

753 

- 

- 

370 

190 

1,471 

3,722 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

13 

FINANCE INCOME (continued) 

Interest  rate  swap  break  gains  arose  from  the  termination  of  interest  rate  swap  contracts 
concurrently with early repayments of loans and borrowings. 

The  fair  value  gain  on  derivatives  arose  from  mark-to-market  gains  on  the  ineffective  hedge 
portion of interest rate swap contracts. 

The  gain  on  early  cancellation  of  unsecured  note  arose  when  the  Group  repurchased  its 
unsecured notes through the market at a price of 76.25 per cent. 

14 

FINANCE EXPENSES 

Interest expense on borrowings 

Interest expense on unsecured notes 

Amortisation of loan transaction cost 

Amortisation of interest expense on non-current deposits 

Finance charges on early full repayment of borrowings 

Others 

15 

STAFF COSTS 

Salaries and fees 

Bonuses 

Defined contribution plans 

Benefits  

Warrants expense 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

27,730 

22,745 

5,281 

438 

357 

641 

26,116 

21,851 

5,640 

771 

166 

784 

57,192 

55,328 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

4,367 

3,965 

783 

123 

51 

592 

588 

121 

53 

478 

5,916 

5,205 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

15 

STAFF COSTS (continued) 

The  average  number  of  Directors  of  the  Company  for  the  year  is  4  (2019:  4).  The  average 
number of other employees for the year is 19 (2019: 19) and in the following departments: 

Administrative 

Commercial 

Finance  

Legal 

Technical 

Group 

2020 

2019 

3 

4 

5 

4 

3 

3 

5 

5 

4 

2 

19 

19 

16 

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION  

 Profit before taxation for the year is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 

Foreign currency exchange (gain) 

Audit fees: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and their associates  

for the audit of the Company’s annual accounts 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and their associates  
for audits of the Company’s subsidiaries’ annual accounts 

Total audit fees 

Auditors’ remuneration for non-audit services: 

- Tax compliance services 

- All other assurance services 

Total fees for non-audit services 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

46,666 

(539) 

41,011 

(29) 

292 

279 

571 

128 

168 

296 

273 

233 

506 

105 

142 

247 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

17 

TAXATION 

From continuing operations 

Current tax expense: 

- Singapore 

- Overseas 

(Over)/Under provision in prior years current tax expense: 

- Singapore 

- Overseas  

Deferred tax expense: 

- Singapore 

- Overseas 

(Over)/Under provision in prior years deferred tax expense: 

- Singapore 

- Overseas 

Income tax expense/(credit) 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

3 

686 

(369) 

27 

1,491 

978 

(16) 

691 

3,005 

(67) 

(5,074) 

1,476 

1,639 

- 

4,924 

322 

- 

(132) 

 Income  tax  differs  from  the  amount  of  income  tax  expense  determined  by  applying  the 
Singapore tax rate of 17% to profit before income tax as a result of the following differences: 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

14,640 

25,559 

2,489 

4,345 

(369) 

27 

1,639 

- 

1,165 

(862) 

560 

66 

(1,264) 

1,483 

(9) 

- 

(1) 

4,924 

(16) 

691 

322 

- 

1,809 

(394) 

1,736 

540 

(2,370) 

(1,953) 

(12) 

(4,830) 

- 

(132) 

Profit before income tax 

Tax calculated at 17% (2019: 17%) 

Effects of: 

(Over)/under provision in prior years current tax expense 

- Singapore 

- Overseas 

Under provision in prior years deferred tax expense: 

- Singapore 

- Overseas 

Non-deductible items 

Income not subject to tax 

Different tax rates of other countries 

Deferred tax asset not recognised 

Utilisation of deferred tax asset not recognised 

Effect of concessionary tax rate at 8% (2019 : 10% and 8%) 

Effect of tax exemption and tax relief 

Deferred tax asset recognised 

Others 

Income tax expense/(credit) 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

17 

TAXATION (continued) 

The Group has unutilised tax losses of approximately US$0.9 million (2019: US$3.5 million) and 
unabsorbed  capital  allowances  of  approximately  US$41.5  million  (2019:  US$26.9  million)  that 
are  available  for  offset  against  future  taxable  profits,  for  which  no  deferred  tax  asset  is 
recognised due to uncertainty of its recoverability.  The use of these unutilised losses and capital 
allowances is subject to the agreement of tax authorities and compliance with certain provisions 
of tax legislation of the countries in which the Group operates.   

18 

EARNINGS PER SHARE 

(a)  Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) 

EPS is calculated by dividing total profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by 
the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. 

Company 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Net profit attributable to equity holders of the company 

9,714 

25,690 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (‘000s) 

63,121 

63,818 

Basic earnings per share 

15.39 cents 

40.26 cents 

(b)  Diluted earnings per share 

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, total profit attributable to equity 
holders of the Company and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.  The Company has one 
category of dilutive potential ordinary shares warrants. 

For warrants, the weighted average number of shares on issue has been adjusted as if all 
dilutive share options were exercised.  The number of shares that could have been issued 
upon  the  exercise  of  all  dilutive  share  option  less  the  number  of  shares  that  could  have 
been issued at fair value (determined as the Company’s average share price for the year) 
for the same total proceeds is added to the denominator as the number of shares issued 
for no consideration.   

Diluted  earnings  per  share  attributable  to  equity  holders  of  the  Company  is  calculated  as 
follows: 

Company 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Net profit attributable to equity holders of the company 

9,714 

25,690 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (‘000s) 

Adjustment for warrants (‘000s) 

63,121 

131 

63,818 

253 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (‘000s) 

63,252 

64,071 

Diluted earnings per share 

15.36 cents 

40.10 cents 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

19 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Furniture 

and 

Aircraft 

Jet 

Turboprop 

Group 

equipment 

engine 

aircraft 

aircraft 

Total 

US$’000s 

US$’000 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

2020: 

Cost or valuation: 

At beginning of year 

Additions 

Reclassified as held under finance 

leases 

Reclassified as asset held for sale 

Impairment recognised in equity 

80 

12 

- 

- 

- 

- 

916,534 

450,439 

1,367,053 

1,940 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

57,737 

59,689 

(57,047) 

(57,047) 

(106,124) 

- 

(106,124) 

4,339 

(9,330) 

(4,991) 

At end of year 

92 

1,940 

814,749 

441,799 

1,258,580 

Representing: 

At cost 

At valuation 

Accumulated depreciation and 

impairment: 

At beginning of year 

Depreciation expense 

Reclassified as asset held for 

sale 

Impairment loss 

At end of year 

Net book value: 

At beginning of year 

At end of year 

92 

- 

92 

41 

19 

- 

- 

60 

39 

32 

1,940 

- 

- 

2,032 

- 

814,749 

441,799 

1,256,548 

1,940 

814,749 

441,799 

1,258,580 

- 

41 

- 

- 

73,065 

31,928 

68,623 

14,678 

141,729 

46,666 

(16,189) 

- 

8,738 

19,735 

(16,189) 

28,473 

41 

97,542 

103,036 

200,679 

- 

843,469 

381,816 

1,225,324 

1,899 

717,207 

338,763 

1,057,901 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

19 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued) 

Group 

2019: 

Cost or valuation: 

At beginning of year 

Additions 

Disposals/written-off 

Reclassified as held under finance leases 

Revaluation recognised in equity 

Furniture 

and 

Turboprop 

equipment 

Jet aircraft 

aircraft 

Total 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

346 

8 

713,142 

211,548 

(274) 

(18,624) 

- 

- 

- 

10,468 

374,876 

117,014 

- 

(39,631) 

(1,820) 

1,088,364 

328,570 

(18,898) 

(39,631) 

8,648 

At end of the year 

80 

916,534 

450,439 

1,367,053 

Representing: 

At cost 

At valuation 

80 

- 

- 

- 

80 

916,534 

450,439 

1,366,973 

80 

916,534 

450,439 

1,367,053 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment: 

At beginning of year 

Depreciation expense 

Disposals/written-off 

292 

23 

(274) 

51,341 

27,920 

(6,196) 

55,555 

13,068 

107,188 

41,011 

- 

(6,470) 

At end of the year 

41 

73,065 

68,623 

141,729 

Net book value: 

At beginning of the year 

At end of the year 

54 

39 

661,801 

319,321 

981,176 

843,469 

381,816 

1,225,324 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

19 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued) 

Company 

2020 

Cost or valuation: 

At beginning of year 

Additions 

Disposal/written-off 

At end of the year 

Representing: 

At cost 

At valuation 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment: 

At beginning of year 

Depreciation expense 

At end of the year 

Net book value: 

At beginning of the year 

At end of the year 

Furniture 

and 

Aircraft 

Turboprop 

equipment 

engine 

aircraft 

Total 

US$’000 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

18 

5 

- 

23 

23 

- 

23 

15 

4 

19 

3 

4 

- 

1,940 

37,547 

19,665 

37,565 

21,610 

- 

(37,646) 

(37,646) 

1,940 

19,566 

21,529 

1,940 

- 

- 

19,566 

1,963 

19,566 

1,940 

19,566 

21,529 

- 

40 

40 

- 

- 

- 

15 

44 

59 

- 

1,900 

37,547 

19,566 

37,550 

21,470 

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

19 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued) 

Company 

2019 

Cost or valuation: 

At beginning of year 

Additions 

Disposal/written-off 

Impairment recognised in equity 

At end of the year 

Representing: 

At cost 

At valuation 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment: 

At beginning of year 

Depreciation expense 

Disposal/written-off 

At end of the year 

Net book value: 

At beginning of the year 

At end of the year 

Assets pledged as security 

Furniture 

and 

Turboprop 

equipment 

Jet aircraft 

aircraft 

Total 

US$’000 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

202 

- 

(184) 

- 

19,915 

- 

(18,473) 

(1,442) 

- 

57,511 

(19,964) 

- 

20,117 

57,511 

(38,621) 

(1,442) 

18 

18 

- 

18 

- 

- 

- 

- 

37,547 

37,565 

- 

18 

37,547 

37,547 

37,547 

37,565 

191 

8 

5,097 

1,015 

(184) 

(6,112) 

15 

11 

3 

- 

14,818 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5,288 

1,023 

(6,296) 

15 

14,829 

37,550 

- 

37,547 

The Group’s aircraft with carrying values of US$1,083.6 million (2019: US$1,122.0 million) are 
mortgaged to secure the Group’s borrowings (Note 30). 

Additions and Disposals 

During  the  year,  the  Group  acquired  3  turboprop  aircraft  and  1  aircraft  engine.    3  turboprop 
aircraft were reclassified as held under finance leases. A gain on transfer of the aircraft to finance 
lease of US$3.2 million was recorded and included within the gain on disposal of aircraft. 

During the year, 2 jet aircraft were reclassified as held for sale. 

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

19 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued) 

Valuation 

The  Group’s  aircraft  were  valued  in  June  2020  by  independent  valuers  on  a  lease-encumbered 
value basis (“LEV’).  LEV takes into account the current lease arrangements for the aircraft and 
estimated  residual  values  at  the  end  of  the  lease.  These  amounts  have  been  discounted  to 
present value using discount rates ranging from 5.50% to 8.00% (2019: 5.75% to 7.75%) per 
annum  for  jet  aircraft  and  5.50%  to  9.00%  (2019:  6.00%  to  9.25%)  per  annum  for  turboprop 
aircraft.  Different discount rates are considered appropriate for different aircraft based on their 
respective risk profiles.  

During the year, a downward revaluation of US$0.9 million to equity and an impairment loss of 
US$2.5  million  was  recognised  to  write  down  the  book  value  of  2  jet  aircraft  to  their  fair  value 
prior to reclassification as held for sale. 

A  downward  revaluation  of  US$4.1  million  to  equity  and  an  impairment  loss  of  US$25.9  million 
was recognised during the year. 

During the previous year, one aircraft was damaged while undergoing maintenance. The affected 
aircraft  has  been  revalued  downward  by  the  estimated  diminution  in  value  resulting  from  the 
damage.  The  lessee  is  responsible  for  maintenance  and  repair  of  the  aircraft.  The  Group  has 
submitted  a  claim  against  the  lessee  for  compensation  for  the  estimated  loss  in  value  of  the 
aircraft resulting from the damage. The lessee is disputing the claim and at the current date no 
agreement has been reached to settle the claim.(cid:1)

Changes in accounting estimates of residual values of aircraft 

During  the  year,  the  Group  revised  the  residual  values  of  its  old  technology  widebody  aircraft 
from  base  market  value  to  soft  market  value  to  reflect  the  likely  decrease  in  future  residual 
values  for  old  technology  widebody  aircraft  with  effect  from  1  July  2019.    The  effect  of  this 
change is an increase in depreciation expense of approximately US$1.7 million for the year ended 
30 June 2020. 

The  table  below  outline  the  effect  of  these  changes  in  estimate  on  the  current  financial  year 
depreciation charge and subsequent years: 

30 Jun 
2020 
US$’000s 

30 Jun 
2021 
US$’000s 

30 Jun 
2022 

30 Jun 
2023 

US$’000s  US$’000s 

30 Jun 
2024 
onwards 
US$’000s 

Increase in depreciation charge 

1,781 

1,781 

1,781

1,781 

28,068 

96 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

19 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (continued) 

If the aircraft were measured using the cost model, carrying amounts would be as follows: 

Group 

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 

2020 

2019 

Jets 

Turbo 

props 

Jets 

Turbo 

props 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

792,891 

(97,291) 

430,267 

(99,149) 

776,330 

(58,706) 

552,544 

(81,504) 

Net book value 

695,600 

331,118 

717,624 

471,040 

Company 

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment 

Net book value 

2020 

2019 

Jets 

Turbo 

props 

Jets 

Turbo 

props 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

- 

- 

- 

19,566 

- 

19,566 

- 

- 

- 

37,547 

- 

37,547 

Geographical analysis 

2020 

Europe 
US$’000s 

Asia 
Pacific 
US$’000s 

Total 
US$’000s 

Capital expenditure  
Net book value – aircraft and aircraft engines 

59,583 
331,651 

106 
726,218 

59,689 
1,057,869 

2019 

Capital expenditure  

Net book value – aircraft 

Europe 
US$’000s 

Asia 
Pacific 
US$’000s 

Total 
US$’000s 

223,058 

415,139 

105,512 

328,570 

810,146 

1,225,285 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

20 

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Current: 

Trade receivables 

Less:  

Allowance for estimated credit loss for 

trade receivables 

Accrued revenue 

Less: 

Allowance for expected credit loss for 

accrued revenue 

Other receivables: 

– subsidiaries  

– third parties 

Less:  

Allowance for estimated credit loss for 

other receivables 

Interest receivables: 

– subsidiaries  

– third parties 

Less:  

Allowance for estimated credit loss for 

interest receivables 

Deposits 

Prepaid expenses 

Non-current: 

Other receivables: 

– subsidiaries  

Deposits for aircraft 

Prepaid expenses 

Right of use assets 

7,900 

3,954 

137 

(207) 

3,747 

(32) 

105 

40 

- 

40 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

74,796 

1,826 

64,052 

62 

(670) 

75,952 

- 

64,114 

160 

15 

(9) 

166 

23 

195 

145 

- 

- 

145 

24 

110 

- 

- 

- 

- 

106 

- 

106 

- 

12 

- 

12 

47 

513 

(205) 

7,695 

8,522 

(137) 

8,385 

- 

1,922 

(670) 

1,252 

- 

217 

(9) 

208 

46 

624 

18,210 

4,425 

76,441 

64,433 

- 

10,599 

279 

723 

- 

8,704 

226 

- 

125,779 

10,599 

- 

250 

136,900 

8,704 

- 

- 

11,601 

8,930 

136,628 

145,604 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

20 

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES (continued) 

Accrued revenue represents deferred lease receivables from customers with whom the Group has 
agreed to defer lease payments for a short term period in view of Covid-19 pandemic. 

Other  receivables  from  subsidiaries  includes  interest  bearing  receivables  of  US$141.1  million 
(2019:  US$150.0  million).  Current  receivables  from  subsidiaries  are  unsecured  and  repayable 
upon demand.  Interest is charged at 4.0% to 6.0% (2019: 4.0% to 6.0%) per annum. 

Other receivables from third parties include interest bearing receivables of US$1.7 million (2019: 
US$Nil).  Interest is charged at 1.0% to 6.0% (2019: Nil%) per annum. 

The  average  credit  period  generally  granted  to  customers  is  30  to  60  days.    Rent  for  leased 
aircraft is due in advance in accordance with the leases. 

The  movement  in  allowance  for  expected  loss  for  receivables  and  accrued  revenue  are  set  out 
below: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

At beginning of year 

Provision for expected credit loss  

Written off 

At end of year 

207 

855 

(41) 

1,021 

41 

166 

- 

207 

- 

32 

- 

32 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Trade and other receivables denominated in foreign currencies are as follows: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Pound sterling 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

21 

2,902 

121 

62 

4 

29 

20 

62 

53,835 

57,666 

31 

24 

99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

21 

FINANCE LEASE RECEIVABLES 

Finance lease receivables do not include any contingent rents or residual value guarantees. 

Future minimum lease payments receivable under finance leases are as follows: 

Group 

Within one year 

One to two years 

Two to three years 

Three to four years 

Four to five years 

Later than five years 

2020 

2019 

Minimum 

lease 

Present 

value of 

Minimum 

lease 

Present 

value of 

payments 

payments 

payments 

payments 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

11,126 

8,785 

8,785 

8,785 

62,546 

8,185 

7,988 

6,167 

6,443 

6,728 

57,545 

8,136 

93,007 

8,440 

3,906 

3,314 

3,314 

3,314 

28,534 

50,822 

7,221 

2,951 

2,449 

2,538 

2,628 

26,571 

44,358 

Total minimum lease payments 

108,212 

Less: amounts representing interest 

income 

(15,205) 

- 

(6,464) 

- 

Present value of minimum lease 

payments 

93,007 

93,007 

44,358 

44,358 

 Finance lease receivables denominated in foreign currencies are as follows: 

Australian dollars 

Euro 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

1,503 

54,029 

- 

30,385 

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

22 

GOODWILL 

Cost: 

At beginning and end of the year 

2,384 

2,384 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Allowance for impairment: 

At beginning and end of the year 

Net carrying amount: 

At beginning and end of the year 

Impairment test of goodwill 

482 

482 

1,902 

1,902 

Goodwill is allocated to the cash generating unit ("CGU") of the Group which is in the aircraft 
leasing business. 

The  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU  has  been  determined  based  on  value-in-use  calculations. 
Cash  flow  projections  used  in  the  value-in-use  calculations  were  based  on  financial  budgets 
approved by management covering a two-year period. 

Key assumptions used for value-in-use calculations: 

Average cash flow growth rate 

Terminal growth rate 

Discount rate 

2020 

% 

2019 

% 

2.0 

2.0 

6.0 

2.0 

2.0 

10.0 

Management  determined  cash  flow  growth  based  on  past  performance  and  its  expectations  of 
market development. The terminal growth rate of 2% that was used to extrapolate cash flows 
beyond the budget period did not exceed the long term average growth rate for the business in 
which the CGU operates. Management has estimated that the recoverable amount of the CGU 
is US$267.6 million (2019: US$276.5 million). 

Management believes that no reasonably possible change in any of the above key assumptions 
would cause the carrying value of the CGU to materially exceed its recoverable amount. 

101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

23 

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES 

Unquoted equity shares, at cost 

At beginning of year 

Written-off 

At end of year 

Less: allowance for impairment loss: 

At beginning of year 

(Reversal of)/charge for the year 

Written-off 

At end of year 

Company 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

15,375 

(2,506) 

12,869 

15,375 

- 

15,375 

1,883 

(885) 

(998) 

- 

- 

1,883 

- 

1,883 

Net investment in subsidiaries 

12,869 

13,492 

Impairment  of  US$1.9  million  recognised  during  the  previous  year  relates  to  a  subsidiary, 
Avation.net Inc, which was impaired to the recoverable amount based on the net tangible assets 
of the subsidiary. 

During  the  year,  Avation.net  Inc  was  dissolved  and  there  was  a  return  in  equity  investment  of 
US$1.5 million which resulted in the impairment loss recognised in the previous year of US$0.9 
million being written back to profit or loss. 

Details of subsidiaries are as follows: 

Name of entity 

Country of 
incorporation 

Principal 
activities 

Ownership interest 

2020 
% 

2019 
% 

Held directly by the Company: 
Avation.net Inc 
Avation Capital S.A. 
Capital Lease Aviation Limited  
MSN429 Leaseco Limited  
Avation Group (S) Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Asia) Limited 
AVAP Leasing (Asia) II Limited 
AVAP Leasing (Asia) III Limited  
AVAP Leasing (Asia) IV Limited  

+ 

+ 

United States  
Luxembourg 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
Singapore 
Ireland 
Ireland 
Ireland 
Ireland 

Procurement 
Financing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 

- 
100.00 
  99.68 
- 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

  99.96 
100.00 
    99.68 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

Held by Capital Lease Aviation Limited: 
Capital Lease Malta Ltd. 
Capital MSN 4033 Limited 
Capital MSN 4033 II Limited 

(a) 

Held by Avation Eastern Fleet Pte. Ltd.: 
Airframe Leasing (S) Pte. Ltd. 
Held by Avation Eastern Fleet II Pte. Ltd.: 
Airframe Leasing (S) II Pte. Ltd. 
Held by Avation Eastern Fleet III Pte. Ltd.: 
Airframe Leasing (S) III Pte. Ltd. 

Malta 
Ireland 
Ireland 

Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 

99.68 
99.68 
99.68 

99.68 
99.68 
99.68 

Singapore 

Aircraft leasing 

100.00 

100.00 

Singapore 

Aircraft leasing 

100.00 

100.00 

Singapore 

Aircraft leasing 

100.00 

100.00 

102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

23 

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES (continued) 

Name of entity 

Country of 
incorporation 

Principal 
activities 

Ownership 
interest 

2020 
% 

2019 
% 

+ 

+ 

Held by Avation Group (S) Pte. Ltd.: 
Avation Eastern Fleet Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Eastern Fleet II Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Eastern Fleet III Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Eastern Fleet IV Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Pacific Leasing Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Pacific Leasing II Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Taiwan Leasing Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Taiwan Leasing II Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Taiwan Leasing III Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) II Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) III Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) IV Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) VI Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) VII Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) VIII Pte. Ltd 
AVAP Leasing (Europe) IX Pte. Ltd. 
F100 Fleet Pte. Ltd. 
MSN 1607 Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Trading Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Trading II Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Trading III Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Asia Fleet Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Asia Fleet II Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Asia Fleet III Pte. Ltd. 
MSN 1922 Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Denmark Leasing Pte. Ltd. 
Avation Capital II Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Leasing (Asia) VI Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Leasing Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Leasing II Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Leasing III Pte. Ltd. 
AVAP Aircraft Leasing IV Pte. Ltd. 

Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore  
Singapore 
Singapore  
Singapore 
Singapore 
Singapore 

Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing  
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing  
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 
Aircraft leasing 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
- 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
- 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
- 
- 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
- 
- 
- 

All companies as at 30 June 2020 are audited by member firms of Ernst & Young except for the 
following: 
(a)  Audited by Nexia BT, Malta 

+  Dissolved during the year. 

The  registered  office  address  of  the  Companies  incorporated  in  the  following  countries  are  as 
follows: 

Ireland - 32 Molesworth Street, Dublin 2 D02 Y512, Ireland. 
Luxembourg - 46A, Avenue J. F. Kennedy, L-1855 Luxembourg. 
Malta - Office 2, Suite 2, The Penthouse Capital, Business Centre, Entrance C, Triq taz-Zwejt, 
San Gwann SGN 3000, Malta. 
Singapore -65 Kampong Bahru Road, Singapore 169370. 
United Kingdom - 5 Fleet Place, London EC4M 7RD, United Kingdom. 
United  States  -  Corporation  Trust  Centre,  1209  Orange  Street,  Wilmington,  Delaware  19801, 
USA. 

For  all  non-controlling  interests,  voting  rights  not  controlled  by  group  are  equivalent  to 
ownership interests. 

103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

24 

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL ASSETS/LIABILITIES 

Group 

Non-current asset 

Interest rate swap 

Non-current liability 

Interest rate swap  

Contract/ 

notional amount 

Fair value 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

- 

63,185 

- 

363 

304,507 

267,118 

(27,458) 

(10,117) 

Cross-currency interest rate swap 

4,000 

4,000 

(470) 

(57) 

308,507 

271,118 

(27,928) 

(10,174) 

Contract/ 

notional amount 

Fair value 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Company 

Non-current liability 

Interest rate swap – non-current liability 

83,750 

90,250 

(7,725) 

(2,817) 

Hedge accounting has been applied for interest rate swap contracts and cross-currency interest 
rate swap contracts which have been designated as cash flow hedges.  

The  Group  pays  fixed  rates  of  interest  of  1.0%  to  2.6%  per  annum  and  receives  floating  rate 
interest equal to 1-month to 3-month LIBOR under the interest rate swap contracts.   

The Group pays fixed rates of interest of 3.1% to 4.9% per annum and receives floating interest 
equal to 3-month LIBOR under the cross-currency interest rate swap contracts.  

The swap contracts mature between 23 September 2021 and 21 November 2030. 

Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  these  interest  rate  swap  and  cross-currency  interest  rate  swap 
contracts are recognised in the fair value reserve. The net fair value loss net of tax of US$14.8 
million (2019: loss of US$18.5 million) on these derivative financial instruments was recognised 
in the fair value reserve for the year.  

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

24 

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL ASSETS/LIABILITIES (continued) 

The  fair  value  of  the  derivative  financial  instruments  is  determined  by  reference  to  marked-to-
market values provided by counterparties.  The fair value measurement of all derivative financial 
instruments  under  the  Group  is  classified  under  Level  2  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy,  for  which 
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that 
is,  as  prices)  or  indirectly  (that  is,  derived  from  prices)  are  included  as  inputs  for  the 
determination of fair value. 

The Group has also designated certain Euro denominated loans as cash flow hedges of foreign 
currency  exchange  risk  derived  from  Euro  denominated  leases.   Unrealised  foreign  exchange 
gains  and  losses  arising  on  Euro  denominated  loans  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges  are 
recognised  in  the  foreign  currency  hedge  reserve.    Unrealised  foreign  exchange  gains  and 
losses  recorded  in  the  foreign  currency  hedging  reserve  are  systematically  re-cycled  through 
profit or loss over the remaining term of the related loan on a straight-line basis. 

The Group determine the hedging relationship between the hedging instruments and the hedged 
item  on  a  number  of  criteria  including  the  reference  interest  rates,  tenors,  repricing  dates  and 
maturities  and  to  notional  or  par  amounts.    The  Group  assesses  whether  the  derivative 
designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be effective in offsetting changes in cash 
flows of the hedged item using the hypothetical derivative method.  In these hedge relationships, 
the main sources of ineffectiveness are: 

•  Differences in the pricing dates between the swaps and the borrowings 
•  Differences in the timing of the cash flows of the hedged items and the hedging requirements 
• 
The counterparties’ credit risk differently impacting the fair value movements of the hedging 
instruments and the hedged items 

•  Changes to the forecasted amount of cash flows of hedged items and hedging instruments 

During the year 30 June 2020, the effect of the cash flow hedge in the consolidated statement 
of profit or loss and consolidated statement of other comprehensive income was as follows: 

Group 

Interest rate swap 

Cross currency swap 

Foreign currency hedge 

Total hedging 
gain/(loss) 
recognised in 
OCI 

Amount 
reclassified 
from 
OCI to profit 
or (loss) 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Line item 
in the 
statement of 
profit or loss 

(14,403) 

(413) 

1,869 

(1,735) 

Finance expense 

(155) 

Finance expense 

452  Other income 

(12,947) 

(1,438) 

105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

24 

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL ASSETS/LIABILITIES (continued) 

During the year 30 June 2019, the effect of the cash flow hedge in the consolidated statement 
of profit or loss and consolidated statement of other comprehensive income was as follows: 

Group 

Interest rate swap 

Cross currency swap 
Foreign currency hedge 

25 

AIRCRAFT PURCHASE RIGHTS 

Total hedging 
gain/(loss) 
recognised in 
OCI 

Amount 
reclassified 
from 
OCI to profit 
or (loss) 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

(18,421) 

(57) 
469 

(18,009) 

- 

- 
132 

132 

Line item 
in the 
statement of 
profit or loss 

- 

- 
Other income 

Group and Company 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Aircraft purchase rights, at fair value 

27,110 

- 

Prior to 31 December 2019, the Group held aircraft purchase rights for the purpose of acquiring 
aircraft  for  its  fleet.    Aircraft  purchase  rights  were  accounted  for  as  non-financial  assets  at 
amortised cost.   

With  effect  from  31  December  2019,  the  Group  adopted  a  new  business  model  for  aircraft 
purchase rights and determined that it would seek to dispose of excess aircraft purchase rights 
over and above its requirement to acquire additional aircraft for its fleet.  To reflect this change, 
the Group now accounts for aircraft purchase rights through profit or loss. Disclosures about the 
fair value measurement of aircraft purchase rights at fair value are included in Note 6. 

106 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

26 

CASH AND BANK BALANCES 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Fixed deposits 

Other cash and bank balances 

Total cash and bank balances 

Less : restricted 

Cash and cash equivalents 

10,067 

104,518 

114,585 

(79,295) 

35,290 

6,700 

100,748 

107,448 

(45,759) 

61,689 

- 

1,421 

1,421 

- 

5,000 

11,634 

16,634 

- 

1,421 

16,634 

The  Group’s  restricted  cash  and  bank  balances  have  been  pledged  as  security  for  certain  loan 
obligations. 

The  rate  of  interest  for  cash  on  interest  earning  accounts  is  approximately  0.01%  to  2.60% 
(2019: 0.01% to 2.60%) per annum. 

Cash and bank balances denominated in foreign currencies are as follows: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Pound sterling 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

82 

6,109 

232 

66 

5,307 

245 

38 

- 

78 

30 

- 

57 

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

 27  ASSETS  HELD  FOR  SALE  AND  LIABILITIES  DIRECTLY  ASSOCIATED  WITH 

ASSETS HELD FOR SALE 

The  Group’s  aircraft  which  met  the  criteria  to  be  classified  as  assets  held  for  sale  and  the 
associated liabilities were as follows: 

Assets held for sale: 

Property, plant and equipment - aircraft 

At beginning of year 

Additions 

Impairment loss 

Disposals 

At end of year 

Lease incentive asset 

Liabilities directly associated with 

assets held for sale: 

Deposit collected 

Lessor maintenance contribution 

Maintenance reserves 

Group 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000s 

- 

48,745 

89,935 

(7,051) 

- 

- 

- 

(48,745) 

82,884 

8,384 

91,268 

1,240 

8,908 

135 

10,283 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

An  impairment  loss  of  US$7.0  million  was  recognised  to  write  down  the  book  value  of  2  jet 
aircraft classified as held for sale to current market value during the year. 

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

28 

SHARE CAPITAL AND TREASURY SHARES 

(a)  Share capital 

2020 

2019 

No of shares 

US$’000s 

No of shares 

US$’000s 

Allotted, called up and fully paid 
Ordinary shares of 1 penny each: 

At beginning of the year 

Issue of shares 

64,609,939 

270,003 

1,104 

62,760,246 

4 

1,849,693 

1,080 

24 

At end of the year 

64,879,942 

1,108  64,609,939 

1,104 

During the year, the Company issued 270,003 ordinary shares of 1 penny each at 215p to 
232p following the exercise of warrants by warrant holders raising total gross proceeds of 
US$0.8 million. 

The  holders  of  ordinary  shares  (except  for  treasury  shares)  are  entitled  to  receive 
dividends as and when declared by the Company.  All ordinary shares carry one vote per 
share without restrictions. 

(b) 

Treasury shares 

2020 

2019 

No of shares 

US$’000s 

No of shares 

US$’000s 

At beginning of the year 

Acquired during the year 

At end of the year 

300,000 

1,910,000 

2,210,000 

1,147 

6,664 

7,811 

- 

300,000 

300,000 

- 

1,147 

1,147 

(c)  Net asset value per share 

Net asset value per share (US$)

(1)

Net asset value per share (GBP)

 (2)

2020 

2019 

$3.53 

£2.86 

$3.74 

£2.95 

(1)

  Net  asset  value  per  share  is  total  equity  divided  by  the  total  number  of  shares  in  issue 
excluding treasury shares at period end. 

(2)

 Based on GBP:US$ exchange rate as at 30 June 2020 of 1.23 (30 June 2019 : 1.27) 

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

29 

OTHER RESERVES 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Capital redemption reserve 

Warrant reserve 

Fair value reserve 

12 

986 

12 

532 

12 

986 

12 

532 

(27,638) 

(12,822) 

(8,787) 

(5,677) 

Foreign currency hedge reserve 

2,338 

469 

- 

- 

(24,302) 

(11,809) 

(7,789) 

(5,133) 

Movements in other reserves are as follows: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Warrant reserve: 

At the beginning the year 

Employee share warrant scheme: 

-  Value of employee services 

-  Issue of shares 

-  Expired 

532 

721 

532 

721 

592 

(69) 

(69) 

478 

(628) 

(39) 

592 

(69) 

(69) 

478 

(628) 

(39) 

At end of the year 

986 

532 

986 

532 

Fair value reserve: 

At the beginning the year 

Effective portion of changes in fair value 

Net change in fair value reclassified to 

(12,822) 

(16,706) 

5,656 

(18,478) 

(5,677) 

(3,733) 

- 

(5,677) 

profit or loss 

1,890 

- 

623 

- 

At end of the year 

(27,638) 

(12,822) 

(8,787) 

(5,677) 

Foreign currency hedge reserve: 

At the beginning the year 

Effective portion of changes in fair value 

Net change in fair value reclassified to 

469 

2,321 

- 

601 

profit or loss 

(452) 

(132) 

At end of the year 

2,338 

469 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

30 

LOANS AND BORROWINGS 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Secured borrowings 

Unsecured notes (a) 

725,082 

733,322 

138,496 

147,474 

346,656 

344,966 

- 

- 

Less: current portion of borrowings 

(536,983) 

(72,595) 

(12,717) 

(10,574) 

1,071,738 

1,078,288 

138,496 

147,474 

534,755 

1,005,693 

125,779 

136,900 

Weighted average 

Maturity 

interest rate per annum 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

2020 

% 

2019 

% 

Secured borrowings 

Unsecured notes (a) 

2021-2031 

2020-2031 

2021-2031 

2020-2031 

2021 

2021 

2021 

   2021 

Secured borrowings are secured by first ranking mortgages over the relevant aircraft, security 
assignments  of  the  Group’s  rights  under  leases  and  other  contractual  agreements  relating  to 
the  aircraft,  charges  over  bank  accounts  in  which  lease  payments  relating  to  the  aircraft  are 
received and charges over the issued share capital of certain subsidiaries. 

Secured  borrowings  are  subject  to  certain  covenants  that  give  lenders  the  right  to  demand 
repayment if breached. The Group was in breach of a covenant to maintain a minimum ratio of 
tangible net worth to net debt of at least 2.3:10 as at 30 June 2020.  The Group subsequently 
obtained  a  waiver  of  the  breach  of  this  covenant  on  21  October  2020.    The  carrying  value  of 
borrowings  subject  to  this  covenant  of  US$119.4  million  has  been  classified  as  a  current 
liability as at 30 June 2020.   

Borrowing  costs  capitalised  into  loans  and  borrowings  amounted  to  US$1.4  million  (2019: 
US$3.0 million).  The rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs for capitalisation 
was 5.1% (2019: 5.1%) per annum. 

During  the  year,  the  Group  increased  its  secured  borrowings  by  US$76.6  million  (2019 
:US$158.2 million) to fund aircraft acquisitions.  

During  the  year,  the  Group  repaid  US$86.8  million  (2019:US$96.9  million)  of  its  secured 
borrowings. 

During the previous year, the Group recognised a day-one gain of US$0.4 million related to a 
current debt modification.  

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

30 

LOANS AND BORROWINGS (continued) 

Secured Loans and borrowings denominated in foreign currencies are as follows: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Euro 

200,108 

193,105 

53,831 

57,666 

(a)  In May 2015, the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Avation Capital S.A. and 
Avation  Group  (S)  Pte.  Ltd.  (together,  "the  Issuers")  established  a  US$500  million  global 
medium term note programme (the "Programme") guaranteed by the Company. 

Under  the  Programme,  the  Issuers  may  from  time  to  time  issue  Notes  (the  “Notes") 
denominated in any currency as agreed.  All Notes issued under the Programme are listed 
on the Singapore Stock Exchange (“SGX”). 

During  the  year,  the  Group  repurchased  US$1  million  (2019:US$nil)  unsecured  notes 
through the market at a price of 76.25 per cent. 

During  the  previous  year,  the  Group  issued  US$50  million  6.5%  Senior  Notes  due  2021 
under the Programme. 

31 

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Current: 

Trade payables 

Other payables: 

- subsidiaries 

- third parties 

Deferred lease income 

Lease liability 

Revenue received in advance 

Accrued expenses 

Non-current: 

Deposits collected 

Deferred lease income 

Lease liability 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

230 

- 

119 

297 

250 

4,412 

4,847 

92 

- 

162 

427 

- 

6,192 

5,091 

129 

36 

27,972 

118 

- 

84 

- 

353 

32,781 

75 

- 

- 

335 

10,155 

11,964 

28,656 

33,227 

9,185 

1,889 

651 

13,979 

2,112 

- 

300 

- 

216 

200 

- 

- 

11,725 

16,091 

516 

200 

Amounts  due  to  subsidiaries  are  unsecured,  interest  free  and  without  fixed  repayment  terms 
unless otherwise stated. 

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

31 

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES (continued) 

Other payables due to subsidiaries includes interest bearing payables of US$21.9 million (2019: 
US$30.0 million) which are unsecured, payable upon demand and bear interest at 8.2% (2019: 
8.2%) per annum.   

The average credit period taken to settle non-related party trade payables is approximately 30 to 
60 days. 

 Deposits  collected  are  security  deposits  collected  from  customers  in  respect  of  aircraft  lease 
commitments,  and  have  been  discounted  to  present value  at  a  current  pre-tax  rate  that  reflect 
the risks specific to these deposits.  Deposits will be refunded at the end of the respective lease 
term. 

Trade and other payables denominated in foreign currencies are as follows: 

Pound sterling 

Australian dollar 

Euro 

Singapore dollar 

32  MAINTENANCE RESERVES  

Current 

Non-current 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

78 

9 

3,687 

533 

53 

- 

2,809 

493 

47 

4 

183 

28 

19 

- 

159 

47 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

3,836 

57,141 

1,166 

31,325 

Total maintenance reserves 

60,977 

32,491 

At beginning of year 

Contributions 

Utilisations 

Released to profit or loss 

Transfer to buyer upon sale of aircraft 

At end of the year 

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

32,491 

34,503 

(4,399) 

(1,618) 

23,544 

15,413 

(1,558) 

- 

- 

(4,908) 

60,977 

32,491 

During  the  year,  maintenance  reserve  of  US$1.6  million  were  released  to  profit  or  loss  as 
revenue following recovery from insolvent airline customers that defaulted on.  

The Group also holds letters of credit for US$27.0 million (2019: US$38.8 million) as security for 
lessees’ obligations under operating leases for the maintenance of aircraft. 

113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

33 

DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES 

Recognised deferred tax liabilities are attributable to the following: 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Property, plant and equipment 

Tax losses carried forward 

Cash flow hedge 

4,239 

(244) 

(3,297) 

179 

- 

- 

4,500 

- 

(1,799) 

340 

- 

- 

698 

179 

2,701 

340 

Movements in temporary differences are as follows: 

Group 

2020 
At beginning of the year 
Recognised in profit or loss 
Recognised in equity  

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
US$’000s 

Tax losses 
carried 
forward 
US$’000s 

Cash flow 
hedge  
US$’000s 

Total 
US$’000s 

179 
4,821 
(761) 

- 
(244) 
- 

- 
- 
(3,297) 

179 
4,577 
(4,058) 

At end of the year 

4,239 

(244) 

(3,297) 

698 

2019 
At beginning of the year 
Recognised in profit or loss 
Recognised in equity  

At end of the year 

 Company 

2020 
At beginning of the year 
- Recognised in profit or loss 
- Recognised in equity 

4,286 
(4,574) 
467 

179 

(1,298) 
1,298 
- 

- 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
US$’000s 

- 
- 
- 

- 

2,988 
(3,276) 
467 

179 

Cash flow 
hedge 
US$’000s 

Total 
US$’000s 

340 
4,160 
- 

- 
- 
(1,799) 

340 
4,160 
(1,799) 

At end of the year 

4,500 

(1,799) 

2,701 

2019 
At beginning of the year 
- Recognised in profit or loss 
- Recognised in equity 

At end of the year 

1,453 
(868) 
(245) 

340 

- 
- 
- 

- 

1,453 
(868) 
(245) 

340 

114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

34 

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 

The Group has an ownership-based compensation scheme for all employees of the Group.  

Each  share  warrant  converts  into  one  ordinary share  of  Avation  PLC  on  exercise.  No  amounts 
are paid or are payable by the recipient on receipt of the warrant. The warrants carry neither 
rights to dividends nor voting rights.  

Warrants are granted to employees of the Group to promote: 

Improvement in share price; 
Improvement in the Company’s earnings per share; 

• 
• 
•  Reliable and high quality financial reporting; 
•  Growth in asset value and profits; and 
•  Growth in dividends. 

Movement in warrants during the year 

The following table illustrates the number (No.) and weighted average exercise prices (WAEP) 
of, and movements in, warrants during the year: 

2020 

2019 

No. 

WAEP 

No. 

WAEP 

Outstanding at beginning of the year 
- Granted 
- Exercised 
- Expired 

3,709,997 
1,925,000 
(270,003) 
(217,999) 

242.5p 
287.4p 
228.2p 
259.6p 

2,651,690 
3,158,000 
(1,849,693) 
(250,000) 

159.8p 
248.3p 
135.9p 
227.8p 

Outstanding at end of the year 

5,146,995 

259.3p 

3,709,997 

242.5p 

Exercisable at end of the year 

1,128,673 

241.0p 

155,335 

215.0p 

The weighted average fair value of warrants granted during the year was 22 pence (2019: 20 
pence). The charge recognised in profit or loss in respect of share based payments is US$0.6 
million (2019: US$0.5 million). 

During the year, 270,003 warrants were exercised (2019: 1,849,693). 

Warrants outstanding at the end of the year have the following expiry date and exercise price: 

Warrant series granted on 

Expiry date 

Exercise 
price 

Number of warrants 
2019 
2020 

27 November 2017 
5 September 2018 
8 March 2019 
20 September 2019 
21 November 2019 

27 Nov 2020 
6 Oct 2021 
9 Apr 2022 
21 Oct 2022 
22 Dec 2022 

215.0p 
232.0p 
294.5p 
296.0p 
274.5p 

615,330 
1,906,665 
780,000 
1,107,000 
738,000 

721,997 
2,170,000 
818,000 
- 
- 

115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

34 

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued) 

The  warrants  granted  on  27  November  2017  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  and  the  details 
are as follows: 

Vesting period 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

Before 27 November 2018 
On 27 November 2018 and before 27 November 2019  Up to 33 per cent of the grant 
On 27 November 2019 and before 27 November 2020  Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per 

0 per cent 

On 27 November 2020 to 31 December 2020 

cent of the grant if warrants were not exercised 
after the first vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants 
were not exercised after the first and second 
vesting years 

The warrants granted on 5 September 2018 have a 3-year vesting schedule and the details are 
as follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 6 September 2019 

On 6 September 2019 and before 6 September 2020 

On 6 September 2020 and before 6 September 2021 

On 6 September 2021 to 6 October 2021 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per 
cent of the grant if warrants were not exercised 
after the first vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants 
were not exercised after the first and second 
vesting years 

The warrants granted on 8 March 2019 have a 3-year vesting schedule and the details are as 
follows: 

Vesting period 

Before 9 March 2020 

On 9 March 2020 and before 9 March 2021 

On 9 March 2021 and before 9 March 2022 

On 9 March 2022 to 9 April 2022 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

0 per cent 
Up to 33 per cent of the grant 

Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per 
cent of the grant if warrants were not exercised 
after the first vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants 
were not exercised after the first and second 
vesting years 

116 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

34 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (continued) 

Warrants  granted  to  Directors  on  20  September  2019  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  with 
details as follows: 

Vesting period 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

Before 21 September 2020 
On 21 September 2020 and before 21 September 2021  Up to 33 per cent of the grant 
On 21 September 2021 and before 21 September 2022  Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per 

0 per cent 

On 21 September 2022 to 21 October 2022 

cent of the grant if warrants were not exercised 
after the first vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants 
were not exercised after the first and second 
vesting years 

Warrants  granted  to  Directors  on  21  November  2019  have  a  3-year  vesting  schedule  with 
details as follows: 

Vesting period 

Proportion of total share options that are 

exercisable 

Before 22 November 2020 
On 22 November 2020 and before 22 November 2021  Up to 33 per cent of the grant 
On 22 November 2021 and before 22 November 2022  Up to 33 per cent of the grant or up to 66 per 

0 per cent 

On 22 November 2022 to 22 December 2022 

cent of the grant if warrants were not exercised 
after the first vesting year 
Balance or 100 per cent of the grant if warrants 
were not exercised after the first and second 
vesting years 

The warrants were valued using a binomial option pricing model. Where relevant, the expected 
life used in the model has been adjusted based on management’s best estimate for the effects 
of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions  (including  the  probability  of  meeting  market 
conditions attached to the option), and behavioural considerations. Expected volatility is based 
on the historical share price volatility over the previous twelve months.  

117 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

34 

SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (continued) 

Warrant series  

Warrant series  

Warrant series  

granted on 

granted on 

granted on 

21 November 2019 

20 September 2019 

8 March 2019 

274.5 pence 
274.5 pence 
15% 
3 years 
3.11% 
0.53% to 0.58% 

296.0 pence 
296.0 pence 
18% 
3 years 
3.11% 
0.46% to 0.53% 

294.5 pence 
294.5 pence 
17% 
3 years 
2.45% 
0.75% to 0.79% 

Warrant series  

Warrant series  

granted on 

granted on 

5 September 2018 

27 November 2017 

232.0 pence 
232.0 pence 
16% 
3 years 
2.45% 
0.74% to 0.79% 

215.0 pence 
215.0 pence 
25% to 28% 
3 years 
1.91% 
0.83% to 0.93% 

Inputs into the model: 

Grant date share price 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Warrant life 
Dividend yield 
Risk free interest rate 

Inputs into the model: 

Grant date share price 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Warrant life 
Dividend yield 
Risk free interest rate 

35 

CAPITAL COMMITMENTS 

Capital  expenditure  contracted  for  at  the  reporting  date  but  not  recognised  in  the  financial 
statements is as follows:  

Group 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Property, plant and equipment 

155,140 

169,034 

Capital  commitments  represent  amounts  due  under  contracts  entered  into  by  the  Group  to 
purchase aircraft. The company has paid deposits towards the cost of these aircraft which are 
included in trade and other receivables. 

As  at  the  year  end,  the  Group  has  commitments  to  purchase  eight  ATR  72-600  aircraft  from 
the manufacturer with expected delivery dates over a three-year period.   

118 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

36 

OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS  

The  Group  leases  out  aircraft  under  operating  leases.  The  future  minimum  lease  payments 
receivable under non-cancellable leases are as follows:  

Within one year 

One to two years 

Two to three years 

Three to four years 

Four to five years 

Later than five years 

Group 

2020 

US$’000s 

2019 

US$’000s 

112,258 

98,713 

94,549 

93,134 

90,308 

265,039 

132,112 

132,265 

117,605 

98,733 

92,638 

337,207 

754,001 

910,560 

The Group holds cash deposits of US$12.7 million (2019: US$16.2 million) and letters of credit 
for  US$8.7  million  (2019:  US$10.4  million)  as  security  for  lessees’  obligations  under  operating 
leases. 

37 

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 

Company 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Guarantees 

1,071,738 

1,078,288 

The maximum estimated amount that the Company could become liable for under guarantees is 
as shown above. 

119 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVATION PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2020 

38 

DIVIDENDS 

2020 

2019 

US$’000s 

US$’000s 

Paid during the year: 

Dividends on ordinary shares 

- First interim exempt (one-tier) dividend for 8.50 US cents (2019: 7.25 

5,454 

4,550 

US cents) per share  

- Second interim exempt (one-tier) dividend for 2.10 US cents 

1,319 

1,290 

(2019:2.00 US cents) per share 

6,773 

5,840 

Dividends are recognised as liabilities when they are approved for payment. 

39 

ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY 

No party controls the Company. 

40 

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

On 10 July 2020, the Company repurchased US$1,000,000 of Avation Capital S.A. 6.5% Senior 
Notes due 2021 through the market at a price equal to 76 per cent of face value. 

On  5  August  2020,  the  Company  repurchased  US$2,434,000  of  Avation  Capital  S.A.  6.5% 
Senior Notes due 2021 through the market at a price equal to 71 per cent of face value. 

On  11  August  2020,  the  Company  repurchased  US$1,609,000  of  Avation  Capital  S.A.  6.5% 
Senior Notes due 2021 through the market at a price equal to 71 per cent of face value. 

On  27  August  2020,  the  Company  entered  into  a  5-year  lease  agreement  for  an  ATR72-500 
aircraft  with  an  Asian  airline.   The  aircraft  was  subsequently  delivered  to  the  airline  on  9 
October 2020. 

On 17 September 2020, the Company transferred title to two Fokker 100 aircraft to the lessee 
on completion of their finance leases. 

41 

APPROVAL OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The financial statements of the Company and the consolidated financial statements of the Group 
for  the  year  ended  30  June  2020  were  authorised  for  issue  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  29 
October 2020. 

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COPENHAGEN

FIJI

JAKARTA

HANOI

GLASGOW

LONDON

MALTA

MANILA

MEXICO CITY

NEW DELHI

PARIS

STOCKHOLM

TAIPEH

RIGA

SYLHET

YANGON

ANNUAL REPORT 

ANNUAL REPORT 2020

65 Kampong Bahru Road

Singapore 169370

www.avation.net

L I S T E D

S T A N D A R D
SHARES

Reuters/BBG

Index:

LSE

AVAP.LN

AVAP

FTSE Sector:

Industrial Transportation

FTSE Sub Sector: Transportation Services

2020