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Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc.

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FY2020 Annual Report · Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-K 

Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) 
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020 

BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) 

Commission file number 001-35402 

Virginia 
(State or Other Jurisdiction of 
Incorporation or Organization) 

828 Main Street, Lynchburg, VA 
(Address of Principal Executive 
Offices) 

20-0500300 
(I.R.S. Employer 
Identification No.) 

24504 
(Zip Code) 

(434) 846-2000 
(Issuer’s telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:  

Title of Each Class 

Common Stock, $2.14 par value 

Trading 
Symbol(s) 
BOTJ 

Name of Exchange on Which 
Registered 
The NASDAQ Capital Markets 

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the 
Securities Act. 

(cid:59)(cid:3)(cid:3) No 

(cid:133)(cid:3)(cid:3)Yes 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section13 or Section 15(d) of 
the Act.   

(cid:59)(cid:3) No 

(cid:133)(cid:3)(cid:3)Yes 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 
15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  
Yes  (cid:59)(cid:3)No  (cid:133) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months 
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   
(cid:59) 

Yes  (cid:133) 

No 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) 
is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or 
information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this  
Form 10-K.    (cid:133)(cid:3)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-
accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company.  See definition of “large 
accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in 
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  

Large accelerated filer (cid:133) 

Accelerated filer (cid:133) 

Non-accelerated filer (cid:59) 

Smaller reporting company (cid:59) 

Emerging growth company (cid:133) 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the 
extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided 
pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  (cid:133) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s 
assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued 
its audit report.  (cid:133) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the 
Exchange Act).  (cid:133)  Yes  

(cid:59)  No 

The aggregate value of the voting common equity held by nonaffiliates as of June 30, 2020, the last business 
day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $40,994,652 based on 
the price at which the common stock last traded on such day.  This price reflects inter-dealer prices without 
retail mark up, mark down, or commissions, and may not represent actual transactions. 

The number of shares outstanding of Common Stock, $2.14 par value as of March 29, 2021 was approximately 
4,324,836. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Portions of the 2021 Proxy Statement to be used in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, 
scheduled to be held on May 18, 2021, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 

Item 1. 

Business ................................................................................................................................... 1 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors .......................................................................................................................... 15 

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments ................................................................................................ 29 

Item 2. 

Properties .............................................................................................................................. 29 

Item 3. 

Legal Proceedings ................................................................................................................ 31 

Item 4. 

Mine Safety Disclosures ....................................................................................................... 31 

PART II ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 

Item 5. 

Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities ............................................................................................ 32 

Item 6. 

Selected Financial Data - Not applicable ........................................................................... 33 

Item 7. 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations............................................................................................................................. 33 

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk – Not Applicable ............. 64 

Item 8. 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ................................................................ 64 

Item 9. 

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial 
Disclosure ............................................................................................................................ 127 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures ................................................................................................... 127 

Item 9B.  Other Information .............................................................................................................. 127 

PART III .................................................................................................................................................. 127 

Item 10. 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ............................................. 127 

Item 11. 

Executive Compensation ................................................................................................... 128 

Item 12. 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters .......................................................................................................... 128 

Item 13. 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ........... 128 

Item 14. 

Principal Accounting Fees and Services .......................................................................... 128 

PART IV .................................................................................................................................................. 128 

Item 15. 

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules ......................................................................... 128 

Item 16. 

Form 10–K Summary ........................................................................................................ 130 

SIGNATURES......................................................................................................................................... 131 

 
 
 
[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

PART I 

Item 1.  

Business 

General  

Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. (“Financial” or the “Company”) is a bank holding 
company with its headquarters in Lynchburg, Virginia.  Financial was incorporated at the direction of Bank 
of the James (the “Bank” or “Bank of the James”) on October 3, 2003 to serve as a bank holding company 
of the Bank. Financial acquired all of the shares of the Bank in a statutory share exchange on a one-for-one 
basis on January 1, 2004.   

The Bank is a Virginia banking corporation headquartered in Lynchburg, Virginia. The Bank was 
incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia as a state-chartered bank in 1998 and began 
banking operations in July 1999. The Bank was organized to engage in general retail and commercial 
banking business.  

The Bank’s principal office is located at 828 Main Street, Lynchburg, Virginia 24504 and its 
telephone number is (434) 846-2000. The Bank also maintains a website at www.bankofthejames.bank.  

Financial conducts two principal activities: (1) general retail and commercial banking through Bank of 

the James; and (2) mortgage brokerage services through Bank of the James Mortgage, a division of the 
Bank (the “Mortgage Division”). 

In addition, Financial provides securities brokerage and other investment services through BOTJ 
Investment, a division of the Bank, and acts as an agent for insurance and annuity products through BOTJ 
Insurance, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank.  The operating results of these business operations 
have not had a material impact on our financial performance and are not considered principal activities of 
Financial at this time. 

The Bank, BOTJ Insurance, and BOTJ Investment Group, Inc., a non-operating subsidiary, are our 

only subsidiaries and primary assets. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
Products and Services 

Retail and Commercial Banking 

The Bank currently conducts business within Virginia from 16 full-service offices, two limited service 
offices, and one residential mortgage loan production office.  The location of and services provided by each 
of our facilities is described in “Item 2.  Properties” below.  The Bank established a mortgage loan 
origination division that conducts business under the name “Bank of the James Mortgage, a Division of 
Bank of the James.”  The Mortgage Division conducts business primarily from the division’s main office 
located in the Forest branch of the Bank.  In addition, the Bank expanded into Charlottesville in 2013 
(opening a full-service branch in 2015), Harrisonburg in 2014 (opening a full-service branch in 2015), 
Appomattox in 2016 (opening a permanent full-service branch in 2017), Roanoke in 2013 (opening a full-
service branch in 2017), Blacksburg in 2018 (opening a mortgage origination office), Lexington in 2019 
with a full-service branch, and Rustburg in 2019 with a full-service branch. 

Deposit Services. Deposits are a major source of our funding. The Bank offers a full range of deposit 

services that are typically available in most banks and other financial institutions including checking 
accounts, savings accounts and other time deposits of various types, ranging from daily money market 
accounts to longer-term certificates of deposit. The transaction accounts and time certificates are tailored to 
the Bank’s market area at rates competitive to those offered in the market area. In addition, the Bank offers 
its customers Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and Health Care Savings Accounts (HSAs). All 
deposit accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) up to the 
maximum amount allowed by law (generally, $250,000 per depositor, subject to aggregation rules). The 
Bank solicits such accounts from individuals, businesses, associations and organizations, and governmental 
authorities.  

Lending Services. The Bank offers a full range of short- to medium-term commercial and consumer 
loans. Our primary focus is on making loans to small and medium-sized businesses and consumers in the 
Region 2000 (Lynchburg, Amherst, Bedford, Campbell) area, Charlottesville, Harrisonburg, Roanoke, 
Appomattox, and Blacksburg. In addition, we also provide a wide range of real estate finance services. 
Commercial loans include both secured and unsecured loans for working capital (including inventory and 
receivables), business expansion (including acquisition of real estate and improvements), and purchase of 
equipment and machinery. Consumer loans include secured and unsecured loans for financing automobiles, 
home improvements, education and personal investments. Additionally, the Bank originates fixed and 
floating-rate mortgage loans and real estate construction and acquisition loans. Where appropriate, the Bank 
attempts to limit interest rate risk through the use of variable interest rates and terms of less than five years.  

In general, the Bank offers the following lending services in our market areas:  

(cid:120)  Commercial Business Lending. We make loans to small- and medium-sized businesses for 
purposes such as purchases of equipment, facilities upgrades, inventory acquisition and 
various working capital purposes.  

(cid:120)  Real Estate Construction. We make commercial and residential construction and development 

loans.  

(cid:120)  Commercial Real Estate Mortgage. We make loans to borrowers secured by commercial real 
estate. In underwriting these types of loans we consider the historic and projected future cash 
flows of the real estate. 

(cid:120)  Residential Mortgage.  We originate conforming and non-conforming closed-end residential 

mortgages.  These loans are secured by liens on 1 to 4 family properties.  We typically sell the 
conventional mortgage loans to correspondent financial institutions.   

(cid:120)  Consumer. We offer various types of secured and unsecured consumer loans, including 

personal loans, lines of credit, overdraft lines of credit, automobile loans, installment loans, 

2 

 
 
demand loans, and home equity loans. We make consumer loans primarily for personal, 
family or household purposes. 

We sell loan participations in the ordinary course of business when a loan originated by us exceeds 

our legal lending limit or we otherwise want to share risk with another bank. We also purchase loan 
participations from time to time from other banks in the ordinary course of business.  Our loan 
participations are without recourse against the originating bank. Purchased loan participations are 
underwritten in accordance with our loan policy and represent a source of loan growth. 

Other Banking Services.  Other services offered by the Bank include safe deposit boxes, traveler’s 

checks, direct deposit of payroll and social security checks, automatic drafts for various accounts, treasury 
management services and credit card merchant services. The Bank also is associated with a shared network 
of automated teller machines (ATMs) that may be used by Bank customers throughout Virginia, the United 
States, and internationally. 

The Bank intends to introduce new products and services desired by the public and as permitted by the 
regulatory authorities. The Bank remains committed to meeting the challenges that require technology. The 
Bank provides its customers with access to the latest technological products, such as telephone banking and 
internet banking, including online bill pay. This service allows customers to handle routine transactions 
using a standard touch tone telephone, applications for mobile devices, and via the internet at the Bank’s 
website. 

Mortgage Banking.  The Bank, through the Mortgage Division originates conforming and non-
conforming home mortgages primarily in the Region 2000 area. Beginning in 2013 we began operating the 
Mortgage Division with hybrid correspondent relationships that allow the Bank to close loans in its name 
before an investor purchases the loan. By using the Bank’s funds to close the loan (as compared to a broker 
relationship in which loans are funded by the purchaser of the mortgage), the Bank is able to obtain better 
pricing due to the slight increase in risk.  Management believes that there is acceptable risk associated with 
this arrangement. 

Other Activities 

We provide brokerage and investment services through the Bank’s Investment division (“Investment 
Division”). The Investment Division provides securities brokerage services to Bank customers and others 
through an agreement with Infinex Financial Group, LLC (“Infinex”), a registered broker-dealer.  Under our 
agreement, Infinex operates a service center at the main office located at 828 Main St, Lynchburg, Virginia.  
To date the operating results of the Investment Division have not had a material impact on our financial 
performance. 

We provide insurance and annuity products through BOTJ Insurance as an agent for national 

insurance companies.  As of the date hereof, we offer the following insurance products: life insurance, fixed 
annuities, and disability insurance.  We began providing these services in September 2008.  To date the 
operating results of BOTJ Insurance have not had a material impact on our financial performance. 

Employees  

As of March 29, 2021, we had approximately 146 employees, 141 of which are  full-time and five of 
which are part-time.  None of our employees are represented by any collective bargaining agreements, and 
relations with employees are considered excellent. We maintain employee benefit programs that include 
health insurance, a health savings account, a 401(k) plan, and an employee stock purchase plan. 

Location and Market Area  

The Bank’s market area primarily consists of Region 2000, which encompasses the seven jurisdictions 

of the Town of Altavista, Amherst County, Appomattox County, the Town of Bedford, Bedford County, 

3 

 
 
Campbell County, and the City of Lynchburg.  Region 2000 supports a diverse, well-rounded economy. 
U.S. Routes 29, 60, 221, 460 and 501 and State Routes 24 and 40 all pass through the trade area and 
provide efficient access to other regions of the state. Regional airport service and rail service provide 
additional transportation channels.  

Total population in the market area equals approximately 267,000. According to publically available 
information, the current populations of the localities in the Region 2000 market area were approximately as 
follows: City of Lynchburg – 82,000; Amherst County – 32,000; Appomattox County – 15,000; Bedford 
County (including the Town of Bedford) – 79,000; Campbell County (including the Town of Altavista) – 
55,000. The area is serviced by one daily newspaper and a number of radio and television stations providing 
diverse media outlets.  Median family income in Region 2000 has risen over the past ten years.  

Region 2000 has a broad range of services, light industry, and manufacturing plants. Principal service, 

industrial, research and development employers include: BWX Technologies, Inc. (nuclear fuel); 
Framatome (nuclear services); Centra Health, Inc. (health care services); Banker Steel Company, LLC 
(fabricated steel); Pacific Life (life insurance and other financial products); Frito-Lay, Inc. (snack foods); 
Griffin Pipe Products Co. (ductile iron pipe); as well as six colleges and universities including Randolph 
College, Sweet Briar College, Liberty University, and the University of Lynchburg. 

In recent years we have expanded into Charlottesville, Virginia (north of Region 2000), Roanoke, 

Virginia (west of Region 2000), Harrisonburg, Virginia (northwest of Region 2000), Appomattox (east of 
Region 2000), Blacksburg (southwest of Region 2000), Lexington, Virginia (northwest of Region 2000), 
and Rustburg, Virginia (south of Region 2000).  

Even with this expansion outside of Region 2000, the Bank continues to consider its primary market 

to be Region 2000. 

Competition 

Retail and Commercial Banking 

The banking business is highly competitive. We compete with other commercial banks, savings 

institutions, credit unions, financial technology companies, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance 
companies, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, and other financial institutions operating in the 
Region 2000 market area and elsewhere. Many of our nonbank competitors are not subject to the same 
extensive federal regulations that govern federally-insured banks and state regulations governing state-
chartered banks. As a result, such nonbank competitors may have advantages over the Bank in providing 
certain services.  

Virginia law permits statewide branching by banks. Consequently, the Bank’s market area is a highly 

competitive, highly branched banking market. Competition in the market area for loans to individuals, small 
businesses, and professional concerns, the Bank’s target market, is keen, and pricing is important. Most of 
the Bank’s competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits than the Bank and offer 
certain services, such as extensive and established branch networks and trust services, that the Bank is not 
currently providing.  Deposit competition is strong and comes from institutions in the market, U.S. 
Government securities, private issuers of debt obligations and suppliers of other investment alternatives for 
depositors, among other sources. As a result, the Bank has paid, and may in the future pay, above-market 
rates to attract deposits.  

The adoption of legislation permitting nationwide interstate banking and branching and the use of 

financial holding companies may also increase competition in the Bank’s market area.  See “Supervision 
and Regulation of Financial” below.  

4 

 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking 

The Mortgage Division competes with large national and regional banks, credit unions, regional 

mortgage lenders and local mortgage brokers.  Following the 2008 downturn in the economy and 
subsequent real estate turmoil, the guidelines surrounding agency business (i.e., loans sold to Fannie Mae 
and Freddie Mac) became much more restrictive and the associated mortgage insurance for loans above 80 
percent loan-to-value has continued to tighten. These changes in the conventional market have caused a 
dramatic increase in government lending and state bond programs.  The Mortgage Division competes by 
attracting the top sales people in our market, providing an operational infrastructure that manages the 
guideline changes efficiently and effectively, offering a product menu that is both competitive in loan 
parameters as well as price, and providing consistently high-quality customer service. 

Although the Mortgage Division sells loans to various intermediaries, the ability of these aggregators 

to purchase loans would be limited if certain government-sponsored entities (e.g. Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, 
etc.) cease to exist or materially limit their purchases of mortgage loans. 

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF FINANCIAL 

General 

Financial, as a bank holding company, and the Bank, as a state-chartered bank, are subject to extensive 

federal and state laws and regulations.  These laws and regulations impose specific requirements or 
restrictions on and provide for general regulatory oversight of virtually all aspects of our operations.  The 
following briefly summarizes the more significant provisions of applicable federal and state laws, certain 
regulations and the potential impact of such provisions on Financial and the Bank.  These laws and 
regulations are generally intended to protect depositors, not shareholders.  The following summary is 
qualified by reference to the statutory and regulatory provisions discussed.  No assurance can be given that 
these statutes or regulations will not change. 

Changes in applicable laws or regulations may have a material effect on our business and prospects.  
Our operations may be affected by legislative changes and the policies of various regulatory authorities.  
We cannot predict the effect that fiscal or monetary policies, economic control, or new federal or state 
legislation may have on our business and earnings in the future.   

Regulation of Financial 

General.  Financial is subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange 

Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including the filing with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (the “SEC”) of annual, quarterly and other reports on the financial condition and performance 
of the organization.  Financial is directly affected by the corporate responsibility and accounting reform 
legislation signed into law on July 30, 2002, known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “SOx Act”), 
and the related rules and regulations.  The SOx Act includes provisions that, among other things, require 
that periodic reports containing financial statements that are filed with the SEC be accompanied by chief 
executive officer and chief financial officer certifications as to the accuracy and compliance with law, 
additional disclosure requirements and corporate governance and other related rules.  Although we are not 
required to receive an opinion from our external auditors regarding our internal controls over financial 
reporting under section 404 of the SOx Act because of our status as a smaller reporting company, our 
management’s report on internal control over financial reporting is set forth in Item 8 and incorporated into 
Item 9A herein.  Financial has expended considerable time and money in complying with the SOx Act and 
expects to continue to incur additional expenses in the future. 

Bank Holding Company Act.  As a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding 
Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”), Financial is subject to regulation and examination by the Board of 
Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”).  Financial is required to file with 

5 

 
 
the Federal Reserve Board an annual report and such other additional information as the Federal Reserve 
Board may require pursuant to the BHCA.  

The Federal Reserve Board requires a bank holding company to act as a source of financial and 
managerial strength and to take measures to preserve and protect its bank subsidiaries.  Financial would be 
compelled by the Federal Reserve Board to invest additional capital in the event the Bank experiences 
either significant loan losses or rapid growth of loans or deposits. 

The Federal Reserve Board has jurisdiction under the BHCA to approve any bank or non-bank 

acquisition, merger or consolidation proposed by a bank holding company.  The BHCA, and other 
applicable laws and regulations, generally limit the activities of a bank holding company and its subsidiaries 
to that of banking, managing or controlling banks, or any other activity that is so closely related to banking 
or to managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. 

Pursuant to the BHCA, the FRB has the power to order any bank holding company or its subsidiaries 

to terminate any activity or to terminate its ownership or control of any subsidiary when the FRB has 
reasonable grounds to believe that continuation of such activity or ownership constitutes a serious risk to 
the financial soundness, safety or stability of any bank subsidiary of the bank holding company. 

The FRB also has the authority to examine the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as any 

arrangements between the Company and its subsidiaries, with the cost of any such examinations to be borne 
by the Company.  Banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies are also subject to certain restrictions 
imposed by federal law in dealings with their holding companies and other affiliates. 

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999.  The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the “GLB Act”) which was 
effective March 11, 2000, permits bank holding companies to become financial holding companies and 
thereby affiliate with securities firms and insurance companies and engage in other activities that are 
financial in nature.  A bank holding company may become a financial holding company by filing a 
declaration that the bank holding company wishes to become a financial holding company if each of its 
subsidiary banks (i) is well-capitalized under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions, (ii) is well 
managed, and (iii) has at least a satisfactory rating under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”).  No 
regulatory approval will be required for a financial holding company to acquire a company, other than a 
bank or savings association, engaged in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to activities that 
are financial in nature, as determined by the Federal Reserve Board.   

The GLB Act defines “financial in nature” to include securities underwriting, dealing and market 
making; sponsoring mutual funds and investment companies; insurance underwriting and agency; merchant 
banking activities; and activities that the Board has determined to be closely related to banking.  Subsidiary 
banks of a financial holding company must continue to be well-capitalized and well-managed in order to 
continue to engage in activities that are financial in nature without regulatory actions or restrictions, which 
could include divestiture of the financial in nature subsidiary or subsidiaries.  In addition, a financial 
holding company or a bank may not acquire a company that is engaged in activities that are financial in 
nature unless each of the subsidiary banks of the financial holding company or the bank has a CRA rating of 
satisfactory or better.   

As discussed in more detail below under “Confidentiality and Required Disclosure of Consumer 

Information,” the GLB Act also imposes customer privacy requirements on financial institutions.   

The cumulative effect of the GLB Act and other recent bank legislation has caused us to strengthen 
our staff to handle the procedures required by this additional regulation.  The increased staff and operational 
costs have impacted our profitability.  Although the above laws may have a significant impact on the 
banking industry by promoting, among other things, competition, it is not possible for the management of 
the Bank to determine, with any degree of certainty, the impact of such laws on the Bank. 

6 

 
 
Limits on the Payment of Dividends.  Financial is a legal entity, separate and distinct from the Bank.  
Financial currently does not have any significant sources of revenue other than cash dividends paid to it by 
the Bank.  Both Financial and the Bank are subject to laws and regulations that limit the payment of cash 
dividends, including requirements to maintain capital at or above regulatory minimums.  As a bank that is a 
member of the Federal Reserve System (“state member bank”), the Bank must obtain prior written approval 
for any cash dividend if the total of all dividends declared in any calendar year would exceed the total of its 
net profits for that year combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two years.  

Banking regulators have indicated that Virginia banking organizations should generally pay dividends 

only (1) from net undivided profits of the bank, after providing for all expenses, losses, interest and taxes 
accrued or due by the bank and (2) if the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with the 
organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, the Federal Deposit 
Insurance Act (FDIA) prohibits insured depository institutions such as the Bank from making capital 
distributions, including the payment of dividends, if, after making such distribution, the institution would 
become undercapitalized as defined in the statute.  In addition, the Federal Reserve is authorized to 
determine under certain circumstances relating to the financial condition of a bank that the payment of 
dividends would be an unsafe and unsound practice and to prohibit payment thereof.  The payment of 
dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base could be deemed to constitute such an unsafe and unsound 
banking practice.  The Federal Reserve has indicated that banking organizations generally pay dividends 
only out of current operating earnings.  In addition, under Virginia law, no dividend may be declared or 
paid out of a Virginia bank’s paid-in capital.  The Bank may be prohibited under Virginia law from the 
payment of dividends if the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions determines that a limitation of 
dividends is in the public interest and is necessary to ensure the Bank’s financial soundness, and may also 
permit the payment of dividends not otherwise allowed by Virginia law. 

The Dodd-Frank Act 

On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-
Frank Reform Act”) was signed into law. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act represents a significant overhaul of 
many aspects of the regulation of the financial services industry, although many of its provisions (e.g., the 
interchange and trust preferred capital limitations) apply to companies that are significantly larger than 
Financial. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act directs applicable regulatory authorities to promulgate regulations 
implementing its provisions, and its effect on Financial and on the financial services industry as a whole 
will be clarified as those regulations are issued.  Major elements of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act include: 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act changed the assessment base for federal deposit insurance 
from the amount of insured deposits to consolidated assets less tangible capital, eliminated the ceiling on 
the size of the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) and increased the floor applicable to the size of the DIF. The 
Dodd-Frank Act also made permanent the $250,000 limit for federal deposit insurance and increased the 
cash limit of Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection from $100,000 to $250,000. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act repealed the federal prohibitions on the payment of interest 
on demand deposits, thereby permitting depository institutions to pay interest on business transaction and 
other accounts. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act required new disclosure relating to executive compensation 

and corporate governance. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act implemented amendments to the Truth in Lending Act aimed 

at improving consumer protections with respect to mortgage originations, including originator 
compensation, minimum repayment standards, and prepayment considerations. 

7 

 
 
(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act established the Financial Stability Oversight Council, which 

will be responsible for identifying and monitoring systemic risks posed by financial firms, activities, and 
practices. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act amended the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA) to, among 

other things, require that debit card interchange fees must be reasonable and proportional to the actual cost 
incurred by the issuer with respect to the transaction. In June 2011, the Federal Reserve Board adopted 
regulations setting the maximum permissible interchange fee as the sum of 21 cents per transaction and 5 
basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction, with an additional adjustment of up to one cent per 
transaction if the issuer implements additional fraud-prevention standards. Although issuers that have assets 
of less than $10 billion are exempt from the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations that set maximum 
interchange fees, these regulations are expected to significantly affect the interchange fees that financial 
institutions with less than $10 billion in assets are able to collect. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act eliminated (over time) the inclusion of trust preferred 

securities as a permitted element of Tier 1 capital. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act created a special regime to allow for the orderly liquidation of 

systemically important financial companies, including the establishment of an orderly liquidation fund. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act requires the development of regulations to address derivatives 

markets, including clearing and exchange trading requirements and a framework for regulating derivatives-
market participants. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act enhanced supervision of credit rating agencies through the 

Office of Credit Ratings within the SEC. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, within 
the Federal Reserve, to serve as a dedicated consumer-protection regulatory body.  The Consumer Financial 
Protection Bureau is responsible for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal 
consumer financial laws for institutions with more than $10 billion of assets and, to a lesser extent, small 
institutions.  As a smaller institution, most consumer protection aspects of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act will 
continue to be overseen by the Federal Reserve. 

(cid:120) 

The Dodd-Frank Act allows banks to engage in de novo interstate branching, a practice that 

was previously significantly limited. 

Many aspects of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act are subject to rulemaking and will take effect over 

several years.  As a result, it is difficult to anticipate the overall impact of the act on Financial.  Financial 
continues to evaluate the potential impact of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act. 

Incentive Compensation 

In June 2010, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and the 
FDIC issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation intended to ensure that the incentive 
compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such 
organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The guidance, which covers all employees that have the 
ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is 
based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) 
provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify 
and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be 
supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s 
board of directors. 

8 

 
 
The Federal Reserve will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the 

incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as Financial, that are not “large, 
complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each organization based on the scope 
and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. 
The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be 
incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make 
acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its 
incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a 
risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective 
measures to correct the deficiencies. 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act requires the SEC and the federal bank regulatory agencies to establish 
joint regulations or guidelines that require financial institutions with assets of at least $1 billion to disclose 
the structure of their incentive compensation practices and prohibit such institutions from maintaining 
compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risk-taking by providing excessive compensation 
or that could lead to material financial loss to the financial institution. 

The Regulatory Relief Act 

The Regulatory Relief Act was enacted to modify or remove certain financial reform rules and 

regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. While it maintains the 
majority of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, the Regulatory Relief Act amends 
certain aspects for small depository institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank. 
Sections in the Regulatory Relief Act address access to mortgage credit; consumer access to credit; 
protections for veterans, consumers, and homeowners; rules for certain bank or financial holding 
companies; capital access; and protections for student borrowers. Financial and the Bank will focus on the 
implementing rules and guidance for the various provisions in each section of the Regulatory Relief Act 
that impact their operations and activities. 

Pursuant to the Regulatory Relief Act, on September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies 
adopted a final rule regarding a community bank leverage ratio. Under the final rule, which was effective on 
January 1, 2020, depository institutions and depository institution holding companies that have less than 
$10 billion in total consolidated assets and meet other qualifying criteria, including a leverage ratio (equal 
to tier 1 capital divided by average total consolidated assets) of greater than 9 percent, will be eligible to opt 
into the community bank leverage ratio framework (qualifying community banking organizations). 
Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the community bank leverage ratio 
framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than 9 percent will be considered to have satisfied 
the generally applicable risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ capital rules 
(generally applicable rule) and, if applicable, will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio 
requirements for purposes of section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. 

The Regulatory Relief Act also expands the universe of holding companies that are permitted to 
rely on the “Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Holding Company Policy Statement.” 
The asset size of a qualifying holding company was increased from $1 billion to $3 billion on August 30, 
2018, thus excluding holding companies in this category from consolidated capital requirements. However, 
subsidiary depository institutions continue to be subject to minimum capital requirements. 

Further, the Regulatory Relief Act decreased the burden for community banks in regards to call 
reports, the Volcker Rule (which generally restricts banks from engaging in certain investment activities 
and limits involvement with hedge funds and private equity firms), mortgage disclosures, and risk weights 
for some high-risk commercial real estate loans. On December 28, 2018, the federal banking agencies 
issued a final rule increasing the asset threshold to qualify for an 18-month examination cycle from $1 
billion to $3 billion for qualifying institutions that are well capitalized, well managed and meet certain other 
requirements. 

9 

 
 
Any number of the provisions of the Regulatory Relief Act may have the effect of increasing our 

expenses, decreasing our revenues, or changing the activities in which we choose to engage. The 
environment in which banking organizations operate, including legislative and regulatory changes affecting 
capital, liquidity, supervision, permissible activities, corporate governance and compensation, changes in 
fiscal policy and steps to eliminate government support for banking organizations, may have long-term 
effects on the profitability of banking organizations that cannot now be foreseen. 

It is difficult at this time to determine the direct impact of the Regulatory Relief Act on Financial or 
the Bank. Implementing rules and regulations are required and many have not yet been written or finalized. 

Regulation of the Bank  

The Bank is a Virginia chartered commercial bank and a state member bank.  The Bank’s deposit 
accounts are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC up to the maximum legal limits of 
the FDIC and it is subject to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the Virginia Bureau of 
Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve.  The regulations of these various agencies govern most 
aspects of the Bank’s business, including required reserves against deposits, loans, investments, mergers 
and acquisitions, borrowings, dividends and location and number of branch offices.  The laws and 
regulations governing the Bank generally have been promulgated to protect depositors and the deposit 
insurance funds, and not for the purpose of protecting shareholders.  

General.  As a state-chartered commercial bank, the Bank and its subsidiaries are subject to 

regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve and the Virginia State Corporation 
Commission’s Bureau of Financial Institutions (the “BFI”). As such, the Bank is subject to various statutes 
and regulations administered by these agencies that govern, among other things, required reserves, 
investments, loans, lending limits, acquisitions of fixed assets, interest rates payable on deposits, 
transactions among affiliates and the Bank, the payment of dividends, mergers and consolidations, and 
establishment of branch offices.   

The earnings of the Bank are affected by general economic conditions, management policies and the 
legislative and governmental actions of the various regulatory authorities, including those referred to above.   

FDIC Insurance Premiums.  The FDIC's DIF provides insurance coverage for certain deposits, which 

insurance is funded through assessments on banks, like the Bank. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the 
amount of deposit insurance coverage for deposits increased to $250,000 per depositor, subject to 
aggregation rules.  Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection act (the 
"Dodd-Frank Act"), the FDIC has established 2.0% as the designated reserve ratio (the "DRR"), that is, the 
ratio of the DIF to insured deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act directs the FDIC to amend its assessment 
regulations so that future assessments will generally be based upon a depository institution's average total 
consolidated assets minus the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the 
assessment period, whereas assessments were previously based on the amount of an institution's insured 
deposits. The minimum DIF rate has increased from 1.15% to 1.35%, and the cost of the increase will be 
borne by depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or more. At least semi-annually, the FDIC will 
update its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, will increase or decrease assessment rates, 
following notice-and-comment rule making if required. 

In 2020, the Bank expensed $336,000 in FDIC assessments which compared to $226,000 in 2019.  

Any increases in FDIC insurance premiums could adversely affect the Bank’s profitability. 

After giving primary regulators an opportunity to first take action, FDIC may initiate an enforcement 
action against any depository institution it determines is engaging in unsafe or unsound actions or which is 
in an unsound condition, and the FDIC may terminate that institution’s deposit insurance. 

Capital Requirements. On June 7, 2012, the Federal Reserve issued a series of proposed rules that 
would revise and strengthen its risk-based and leverage capital requirements and its method for calculating 

10 

 
 
risk-weighted assets. The rules were proposed to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from 
the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act. On 
July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve approved certain revisions to the proposals and finalized new capital 
requirements for banking organizations. 

Effective January 1, 2015, the final rules required the Bank to comply with the following new 

minimum capital ratios: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a 
Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets (increased from the previous requirement of 4.0%); (iii) 
a total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets (unchanged from the previous requirement); and (iv) a 
leverage ratio of 4.0% of total assets. These were the initial capital requirements, which were phased in over 
a five-year period.  As fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the rules require the Bank to maintain (i) a 
minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital 
conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% common equity Tier 1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, 
effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0% 
upon full implementation), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, 
plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased 
in, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation), (iii) a 
minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer 
(which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum 
total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, 
calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets. 

The capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of 

risk-weighted assets, increasing each year until  it was fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The 
capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking 
institutions with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the 
conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the 
amount of the shortfall. 

With respect to the Bank, the rules also revised the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant 
to Section 38 of the FDIA by (i) introducing a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement at each level 
(other than critically undercapitalized), with the required ratio being 6.5% for well-capitalized status; (ii) 
increasing the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement for each category, with the minimum ratio for well-
capitalized status being 8.0% (as compared to the previous 6.0%); and (iii) eliminating the current provision 
that provides that a bank with a composite supervisory rating of 1 may have a 3.0% Tier 1 leverage ratio 
and still be well-capitalized. 

The capital requirements also included changes in the risk weights of assets to better reflect credit 

risk and other risk exposures. These included a 150% risk weight (up from 100%) for certain high volatility 
commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans and nonresidential mortgage loans 
that are 90 days past due or otherwise on non-accrual status, a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor 
for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not 
unconditionally cancellable, a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing rights and deferred 
tax assets that are not deducted from capital, and increased risk-weights (from 0% to up to 600%) for equity 
exposures. 

As discussed above under “Supervision and Regulation - The Regulatory Relief Act,” recently 

enacted legislation directs the federal bank regulatory agencies to develop a “Community Bank Leverage 
Ratio,” calculated by dividing tangible equity capital by average consolidated total assets, of not less than 
8% and not more than 10%. On September 17, 2019, pursuant to the Regulatory Relief Act, the federal 
banking agencies adopted a final rule setting community bank leverage ratio of 9%. If a “qualified 
community bank,” generally a depository institution or depository institution holding company with 
consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, has a leverage ratio which exceeds the Community Bank 
Leverage Ratio, then such bank will be considered to have met all generally applicable leverage and risk 

11 

 
 
based capital requirements; the capital ratio requirements for “well capitalized” status under Section 38 of 
the FDIA, and any other leverage or capital requirements to which it is subject.  In response to the COVID-
19 pandemic, regulatory authorities have lowered the tier 1 leverage ratio required under the community 
bank leverage ratio framework to 8% and 8.5% for 2020 and 2021, respectively. 

The asset size of a qualifying holding company was increased from $1 billion to $3 billion on 

August 30, 2018, thus excluding holding companies in this category from consolidated capital 
requirements. 

Because total assets on a consolidated basis are less than $3 billion, Financial is not subject to the 
consolidated capital requirements imposed by the Bank Holding Company Act.  Although the Company’s 
subsidiary depository institution continues to be subject to minimum capital requirement, it is unlikely that 
the Company will be required to comply with the consolidated capital rules until well into the future. 

Transactions with Affiliates.  The Bank is subject to the provisions of Section 23A and 23B of the 
Federal Reserve Act and Federal Reserve Regulation W of the Federal Reserve Bank which place limits on 
the amount of loans or extensions of credit to affiliates (as defined in the Federal Reserve Act), investments 
in or certain other transactions with affiliates and on the amount of advances to third parties collateralized 
by the securities or obligations of affiliates.  The law and regulation limit the aggregate amount of 
transactions with any individual affiliate to ten percent (10%) of the capital and surplus of the Bank and 
also limit the aggregate amount of transactions with all affiliates to twenty percent (20%) of capital and 
surplus.  Loans and certain other extensions of credit to affiliates are required to be secured by collateral in 
an amount and of a type described in the regulation, and the purchase of low-quality assets from affiliates is 
generally prohibited.  The law and Regulation W also, among other things, prohibit an institution from 
engaging in certain transactions with certain affiliates (as defined in the Federal Reserve Act) unless the 
transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to such institution and/or its 
subsidiaries, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated entities.  In the 
absence of comparable transactions, such transactions may only occur under terms and circumstances, 
including credit standards that in good faith would be offered to or would apply to non-affiliated companies. 

Loans to Insiders.  The Bank is subject to the restrictions contained in Section 22(h) of the Federal 

Reserve Act and the Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation O thereunder on loans to executive officers, 
directors and principal stockholders.  Under Section 22(h), loans to a director, an executive officer or a 
greater-than-10% stockholder of a bank as well as certain affiliated interests of any of the foregoing may 
not exceed, together with all other outstanding loans to such person and affiliated interests, the loans-to-
one-borrower limit applicable to national banks (generally 15% of the institution’s unimpaired capital and 
surplus), and all loans to all such persons in the aggregate may not exceed the institution’s unimpaired 
capital and unimpaired surplus.  Regulation O also prohibits the making of loans in an amount greater than 
$25,000 or 5% of capital and surplus but in any event not over $500,000, to directors, executive officers and 
greater-than-10% stockholders of a bank, and their respective affiliates, unless such loans are approved in 
advance by a majority of the board of directors of the bank with any “interested” director not participating 
in the voting.  Furthermore, Regulation O requires that loans to directors, executive officers and principal 
stockholders of a bank be made on terms substantially the same as those that are offered in comparable 
transactions to unrelated third parties unless the loans are made pursuant to a benefit or compensation 
program that is widely available to all employees of the bank and does not give preference to insiders over 
other employees.  Regulation O also prohibits a depository institution from paying overdrafts over $1,000 
of any of its executive officers or directors unless they are paid pursuant to written pre-authorized extension 
of credit or transfer of funds plans. 

All of the Bank’s loans to its and the Company’s executive officers, directors and greater-than-10% 
stockholders, and affiliated interests of such persons, comply with the requirements of Regulation W and 
Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O.  

12 

 
 
Community Reinvestment Act.  The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requires that, in 
connection with examinations of financial institutions within their respective jurisdictions, the Federal 
Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or 
the Office of Thrift Supervision shall evaluate the record of the financial institutions in meeting the credit 
needs of their local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the 
safe and sound operation of those institutions.  The CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or 
programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institution’s discretion to develop the types of 
products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community, consistent with the CRA.  
An institution’s CRA activities are considered in, among other things, evaluating mergers, acquisitions and 
applications to open a branch or facility, as well as determining whether the institution will be permitted to 
exercise certain of the powers allowed by the GLB Act.  The CRA also requires all institutions to make 
public disclosure of their CRA ratings.  The Bank currently has a CRA rating of “satisfactory.” 

Safety and Soundness.  The federal banking agencies have broad powers under current federal law to 

take prompt corrective action to resolve problems of insured depository institutions.  The extent of these 
powers depends upon whether the institutions in question are “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” 
“undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” or “critically undercapitalized,” all such terms are 
defined under uniform regulations defining such capital levels issued by each of the federal banking 
agencies.  An insured depository institution which is less than adequately capitalized must adopt an 
acceptable capital restoration plan, is subject to increased regulatory oversight and is increasingly restricted 
in the scope of its permissible activities.  As of December 31, 2020, the Bank was considered “well-
capitalized.” 

Regulatory Enforcement Authority.  Applicable banking laws include substantial enforcement powers 
available to federal banking regulators.  This enforcement authority includes, among other things, the ability 
to assess civil money penalties, to issue cease-and-desist or removal orders and to initiate injunctive actions 
against banking organizations and institution-affiliated parties.  In general, these enforcement actions may 
be initiated for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices.  Other actions or 
inactions, including the filing of misleading or untimely reports with regulatory authorities, may provide the 
basis for enforcement action.   

Confidentiality and Required Disclosures of Consumer Information. The Bank is subject to various 
laws and regulations that address the privacy of nonpublic personal financial information of consumers. The 
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and certain regulations issued thereunder protect against the transfer and use by 
financial institutions of consumer nonpublic personal information. A financial institution must provide to its 
customers, at the beginning of the customer relationship and annually thereafter, the institution’s policies 
and procedures regarding the handling of customers’ nonpublic personal financial information. These 
privacy provisions generally prohibit a financial institution from providing a customer’s personal financial 
information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that the information 
may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure.   

In August, 2018, the CFPB published its final rule to update Regulation P pursuant to the amended 

GLB Act.  Under this rule, certain qualifying financial institutions are not required to provide annual 
privacy notices to customers.  To qualify, a financial institution must not share nonpublic personal 
information about customers except as described in certain statutory exceptions which do not trigger a 
customer’s statutory opt-out.  In addition, the financial institution must not have changed its disclosure 
policies and practices from those disclosed in its most recent privacy notice.  The rule sets forth timing 
requirements for delivery of annual privacy notices in the event that a financial institution that qualified for 
the annual notice exemption later changes its policies or practices in such a way that it no longer qualifies 
for the exemption. 

The Bank is also subject to various laws and regulations that attempt to combat money laundering 

and terrorist financing. The Bank Secrecy Act requires all financial institutions to, among other things, 
create a system of controls designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism, and 

13 

 
 
imposes recordkeeping and reporting requirements. The USA Patriot Act facilitates information sharing 
among governmental entities and financial institutions for the purpose of combating terrorism and money 
laundering, and requires financial institutions to establish anti-money laundering programs. The Office of 
Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), which is a division of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is 
responsible for helping to ensure that United States entities do not engage in transactions with “enemies” of 
the United States, as defined by various Executive Orders and Acts of Congress. If the Bank finds a name of 
an “enemy” of the United States on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, it must 
freeze such account or place transferred funds into a blocked account, file a suspicious activity report with 
the Treasury and notify the FBI. 

Mortgage Banking Regulation.  The Bank’s Mortgage Division is subject to the rules and regulations 
by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), the Federal Housing Administration (the 
“FHA”), the Department of Veteran Affairs and state regulatory authorities with respect to originating, 
processing, servicing and selling mortgage loans.  Those rules and regulations, among other things, 
establish standards for loan origination, prohibit discrimination, provide for inspections and appraisals of 
property, require credit reports on prospective borrowers and, in some cases, restrict certain loan features, 
and fix maximum interest rates and fees.  In addition to other federal laws, mortgage origination activities 
are subject to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Truth-in-Lending Act, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the 
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, and the Home Ownership Equity Protection Act, and the regulations 
promulgated thereunder.  These laws prohibit discrimination, require the disclosure of certain basic 
information to mortgagors concerning credit and settlement costs, limit payment for settlement services to 
the reasonable value of the services rendered and require the maintenance and disclosure of information 
regarding the disposition of mortgage applications based on race, gender, geographical distribution and 
income level.   

Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies 

Our earnings are affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the 

United States government and its agencies.  The Federal Reserve Bank’s monetary policies have had, and 
are likely to continue to have, an important impact on the operating results of commercial banks through its 
power to implement national monetary policy in order, among other things, to curb inflation or combat a 
recession.  The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board have major effects upon the levels of bank 
loans, investments and deposits through its open market operations in United States government securities 
and through its regulation of the discount rate on borrowings of member banks and the reserve requirements 
against member bank deposits.  It is not possible to predict the nature or impact of future changes in 
monetary and fiscal policies. 

Future Regulatory Uncertainty 

Legislative and regulatory proposals regarding changes in banking, and the regulation of banks, 
federal savings institutions, and other financial institutions and bank and bank holding company powers are 
being considered by the executive branch of the federal government, Congress and various state 
governments.  Certain of these proposals, if adopted, could significantly change the regulation or operations 
of banks and the financial services industry.  New regulations and statutes are regularly proposed that 
contain wide-ranging proposals for altering the structures, regulations, and competitive relationships of the 
nation’s financial institutions. 

Because federal regulation of financial institutions changes regularly and is the subject of constant 

legislative debate, we cannot forecast how federal regulation of financial institutions may change in the 
future and impact our operations.  The recent economic environment has required a greater degree of 
coordination and overlap of the duties and responsibilities of the U.S. Treasury, federal and state banking 
regulators and the FDIC.  We fully expect that the financial institution industry will remain heavily 
regulated in the near future and that additional laws or regulations may be adopted further regulating 

14 

 
 
specific banking practices.  We cannot predict whether or in what form any proposed regulation or statute 
will be adopted or the extent to which our business may be affected by any new regulation or statute. 

Item 1A. 

Risk Factors 

RISK FACTORS 

In addition to the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors 
should be carefully considered in connection with evaluating our business and any forward-looking 
statements contained herein.  Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could 
be harmed by any of the risk factors described below, or other risks that have not been identified or which 
we believe are immaterial or unlikely.  If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or 
if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our business, financial condition, operating results and 
cash flows could be materially adversely affected. 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS 

Our profitability depends significantly on local economic conditions. 

Our success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the primary markets in 
Virginia in which we operate and where our loans are concentrated. Unlike nationwide banks that are more 
geographically diversified, the Company provides banking and financial services to customers primarily in 
the Lynchburg metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”).  Lynchburg’s MSA, which is often referred to as 
Region 2000, consists of approximately 2,122 square miles, and includes the City of Lynchburg and the 
Counties of Bedford, Campbell, Amherst and Appomattox.  To a lesser extent, our lending market includes 
the Roanoke, Charlottesville and Harrisonburg MSAs.  Our branches in localities outside of Region 2000 
have a short operating history.  As of December 2020, the Lynchburg MSA had an unemployment rate 
(seasonally adjusted) of 4.8%, as compared to a statewide average unemployment rate of 5.6%.   

The local economic conditions in these areas have a significant impact on the Company’s 
commercial and industrial, real estate and construction loans, the ability of its borrowers to repay their loans 
and the value of the collateral securing these loans.  In addition, if the population or income growth in the 
Company’s market areas is slower than projected, income levels, deposits and housing starts could be 
adversely affected and could result in a reduction of the Company’s expansion, growth and profitability.  If 
the Company’s market areas experience a downturn or a recession for a prolonged period of time, the 
Company could experience significant increases in nonperforming loans, which could lead to operating 
losses, impaired liquidity and eroding capital.  A significant decline in general economic conditions, caused 
by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreaks of hostilities or other international or domestic 
calamities, unemployment, monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government or other factors could 
impact these local economic conditions and could negatively affect the Company’s financial condition, 
results of operations and cash flows. 

The Company's business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations have been, and 
will likely continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the local, state, national, and world economies. 
The pandemic has created economic and financial disruptions that have adversely affected, and are likely to 
continue to adversely affect, the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity and results of 
operations. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively affect our business, 
financial condition, liquidity and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly 
uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the continued 
effectiveness of the Company's business continuity plan, the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on 
the Company's employees, customers, clients, and service providers, as well as other market participants, 
and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. 

15 

 
 
 
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to or resulted in: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

Increased unemployment and decreased consumer confidence and business generally. 

Temporary closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing or other 
measurements. 

Ratings downgrades, credit deterioration and defaults in many industries, including natural 
resources, hospitality, transportation and commercial real estate. 

A sudden and significant reduction in the valuation of the equity, fixed-income and 
commodity markets and the significant increase in the volatility of those markets. 

A decrease in the rates and yields on U.S. Treasury securities. 

Increased demands on capital and liquidity. 

Heightened cybersecurity, information security and operational risks as a result of work-
from-home arrangements. 

As a result: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

The demand for our products and services could be significantly impacted, which could 
decrease our net interest income and adversely affect our revenue and net income. 

We could have an increase in customer delinquencies and loan defaults, including defaults 
on unsecured loans, and further increases in our allowance for loan losses and foreclosures. 

Customers may draw on lines of credit, which could impact our liquidity. 

The decline in rates and yields could have a negative effect on our yields on assets which 
could compress our net interest margin. 

We may take some measures with respect to customer requests, such as a deferral of loan 
payments and the suspension of foreclosures due to unfavorable market conditions, that 
may have a negative impact on the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity and 
results of operations. 

Governmental authorities have taken unprecedented measures to provide economic assistance to 
individual households and businesses, stabilize the markets and support economic growth. The success of 
these measures is unknown and they may not be sufficient to fully mitigate the negative impact of the 
COVID-19 pandemic. The Company also faces an increase in governmental and regulatory scrutiny as a 
result of the effects of COVID-19 on market and economic conditions and actions governmental authorities 
take in response to those conditions. 

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operation, and 

financial condition, as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, will depend on future 
developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the 
pandemic and the actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the 
pandemic. 

The length of the pandemic and the efficacy of the extraordinary measures being put in place to 

address it are unknown. Even after the pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy may experience a recession, 
and the Company anticipates the Company's businesses would be materially and adversely affected by a 

16 

 
 
prolonged recession. To the extent the pandemic adversely affects the Company's business, financial 
condition, liquidity or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other 
risks described in the section. 

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate, and events that negatively impact the 
real estate market could hurt our business. 

A substantial majority of our loans have real estate as a primary or secondary component of 
collateral.  The real estate collateral in each case provides an alternate source of repayment in the event of 
default by the borrower and may deteriorate in value during the time the credit is extended.  Because most 
of our loans are concentrated in the Region 2000 area in and surrounding the City of Lynchburg, a decline 
in local economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and 
capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loan portfolios are more geographically diverse.  A 
weakening of the real estate market in our primary market areas could result in an increase in the number of 
borrowers who default on their loans and a reduction in the value of the collateral securing their loans, 
which in turn could have an adverse effect on our profitability and asset quality.  If we are required to 
liquidate the collateral securing a loan to satisfy the debt during a period of reduced real estate values, our 
earnings and capital could be adversely affected.  Additionally, acts of nature, including hurricanes, 
tornados, earthquakes, fires and floods, which may cause uninsured damage and other loss of value to real 
estate that secures these loans, may also negatively impact our financial condition. 

Our loan portfolio contains a number of real estate loans with relatively large balances. 

A significant portion of our total loan portfolio contains real estate loans with balances in excess of 

$1,000,000.  The deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in 
nonperforming loans, which could result in a net loss of earnings, an increase in the provision for loan 
losses and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
condition and results of operations.  

Commercial real estate loans increase our exposure to credit risk. 

A majority of our loan portfolio is secured by commercial real estate.  Loans secured by 

commercial real estate are generally viewed as having more risk of default than loans secured by residential 
real estate or consumer loans because repayment of the loans often depends on the successful operation of 
the property, the income stream of the borrowers, the accuracy of the estimate of the property’s value at 
completion of construction and the estimated cost of construction.  An adverse development with respect to 
one lending relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss as compared with a single-
family residential mortgage loan because we typically have more than one loan with such borrowers. 
Additionally, these loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related 
borrowers compared with single-family residential mortgage loans.  Therefore, the deterioration of one or a 
few of these loans could cause a significant decline in the related asset quality.  These loans represent 
higher risk and could result in a sharp increase in loans charged-off and could require us to significantly 
increase our allowance for loan losses, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

A percentage of the loans in our portfolio currently include exceptions to our loan policies and 
supervisory guidelines. 

All of the loans that we make are subject to written loan policies adopted by our board of directors 
and to supervisory guidelines imposed by our regulators.  Our loan policies are designed to reduce the risks 
associated with the loans that we make by requiring our loan officers to take certain steps that vary 
depending on the type and amount of the loan, prior to closing a loan.  These steps include, among other 
things, making sure the proper liens are documented and perfected on property securing a loan, and 
requiring proof of adequate insurance coverage on property securing loans.  Loans that do not fully comply 
with our loan policies are known as “exceptions.”  We categorize exceptions as policy exceptions, financial 
statement exceptions and document exceptions.  As a result of these exceptions, such loans may have a 
higher risk of loan loss than the other loans in our portfolio that fully comply with our loan policies.  In 

17 

 
 
addition, we may be subject to regulatory action by federal or state banking authorities if they believe the 
number of exceptions in our loan portfolio represents an unsafe banking practice.  

As a community bank, we have different lending risks than larger banks. We provide services to 
individuals and small to medium-sized businesses in our local markets who may have fewer financial 
resources to weather a downturn in the economy.  

Our ability to diversify our economic risks is limited by our own local markets and economies. We 
lend primarily to small to medium-sized businesses, professionals and individuals, which may expose us to 
greater lending risks than those of banks lending to larger, better-capitalized businesses with longer 
operating histories.  For instance, small to medium-sized businesses frequently have smaller market share 
than their competition, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, have fewer financial resources in 
terms of capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities, often need substantial additional capital to 
expand or compete and may experience significant volatility in operating results.  Any one or more of these 
factors may impair the borrower’s ability to repay a loan.  In addition, the success of a small to medium-
sized business often depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group 
of persons, and the death, disability or resignation of one or more of these persons could have a material 
adverse impact on the business and its ability to repay a loan. Economic downturns and other events that 
negatively impact the Company’s market areas could cause the Company to incur substantial credit losses 
that could negatively affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. 

We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about clients and counterparties, and our 
financial condition could be adversely affected if we rely on misleading information. 

In deciding whether to extend credit or to enter into other transactions with clients and 
counterparties, we may rely on information furnished to us by or on behalf of clients and counterparties, 
including financial statements and other financial information, which we do not independently verify as a 
matter of course.  We also may rely on representations of clients and counterparties as to the accuracy and 
completeness of that information and, with respect to financial statements, on reports of independent 
auditors.  For example, in deciding whether to extend credit to customers, we may assume that a customer’s 
audited financial statements conform with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and 
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
customer. Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted to the extent we 
rely on financial statements that do not comply with GAAP or are materially misleading. 

If we suffer loan losses from a decline in credit quality, our earnings will decrease.  

We could sustain losses if borrowers, guarantors or related parties fail to perform in accordance 

with the terms of their loans.  We have adopted underwriting and credit monitoring procedures and policies, 
including the establishment and review of the allowance for loan losses, that we believe are appropriate to 
minimize this risk by assessing the likelihood of nonperformance, tracking loan performance and 
diversifying our credit portfolio.  These policies and procedures, however, may not prevent unexpected 
losses that could materially adversely affect our results of operations.  

These policies and procedures necessarily rely on our making various assumptions and judgments 
about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value 
of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans.  In 
determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, we review our loans and our loss and delinquency 
experience, and we evaluate economic conditions.  If our assumptions are incorrect, our allowance for loan 
losses may not be sufficient to cover probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio, resulting in additions to 
our allowance.  Any future additions to our allowance could materially decrease our net income. 

In addition, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and the Virginia Bureau of Financial 

Institutions (the “BFI”) periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our 
provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs.  Any increase in our allowance for loan 
losses or loan charge-offs as required by regulatory authorities might have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition and results of operations. 

18 

 
 
Our allowance may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses. 

A significant source of risk arises from the possibility that we could sustain losses due to loan 

defaults and nonperformance on loans. We maintain an allowance in accordance with GAAP to provide for 
such defaults and other nonperformance. As of December 31, 2020, our allowance as a percentage of total 
loans was 1.17% and our allowance as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 346.71%. The 
determination of the appropriate level of allowance is an inherently difficult process and is based on 
numerous assumptions. The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and 
other conditions, including changes in interest rates, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, our 
underwriting policies, adherence to credit monitoring processes and risk management systems and controls 
may not prevent unexpected losses. Our allowance may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses. 
Moreover, any increase in our allowance will adversely affect our earnings by decreasing our net income. 

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board decided to change how banks estimate 

losses in the allowance calculation, and it issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. 
Currently, the impairment model is based on incurred losses, and loans are recognized as impaired when 
there is no longer an assumption that future cash flows will be collected in full under the originally 
contracted terms. This model will be replaced by the new Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) model 
that will become effective for us, as a smaller reporting company, for the first interim and annual reporting 
periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Under the new CECL model, we will be required to use 
historical information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts to estimate the expected 
loss over the life of the loan. The transition to the CECL model will bring with it significantly greater data 
requirements and changes to methodologies to accurately account for expected losses under the new 
parameters. 

Management is currently evaluating the impact of these changes to our financial position and 

results of operations. The allowance is a material estimate of ours, and given the change from an incurred 
loss model to a methodology that considers the credit loss over the life of the loan, there is the potential for 
an increase in the allowance at adoption date. We anticipate a significant change in the processes and 
procedures to calculate the allowance, including changes in assumptions and estimates to consider expected 
credit losses over the life of the loan versus the current accounting practice that utilizes the incurred loss 
model. We expect to continue developing and implementing processes and procedures to ensure we are 
fully compliant with the CECL requirements at its adoption date. 

The markets for our deposit and lending products and services are highly competitive, and we face 
substantial competition.  

The banking and financial services industry is highly competitive.  We compete as a financial 

intermediary with other commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, 
insurance companies and brokerage and investment banking firms soliciting business from residents of and 
businesses located in the Virginia localities where the Bank has a presence, surrounding areas and 
elsewhere.  Many of these competing institutions have nationwide or regional operations and have greater 
resources than we have.  We also face competition from local community institutions.  Many of our 
competitors enjoy competitive advantages, including greater name recognition, financial resources, a wider 
geographic presence or more accessible branch office locations, the ability to offer additional services, 
greater marketing resources, more favorable pricing alternatives for loans and deposits and lower 
origination and operating costs. We are also subject to lower lending limits than our larger competitors.  
Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to successfully compete in our market areas.  Increased 
deposit competition could increase our cost of funds and could adversely affect our ability to generate the 
funds necessary for our lending operations.  If we must raise interest rates paid on deposits or lower interest 
rates charged on our loans, our net interest margin and profitability could be adversely affected. 
Competition could result in a decrease in loans we originate and could negatively affect our ability to grow 
and our results of operations.  

Technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and 
services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems.  Many 

19 

 
 
of our competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures.  Additionally, due 
to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a 
broader range of products and services as well as better pricing for those products and services. 

We have increased and plan to continue to increase our levels of commercial and industrial loans.  We 
may not be successful in continuing to penetrate this market segment, which has helped to drive some of 
our recent earnings.   

A significant percentage of our loans are commercial and industrial loans.  Our portfolio of 

commercial and industrial loans has increased during the past year.   

While we intend to originate these types of loans in a manner that is consistent with safety and 

soundness, these non-residential loans generally expose us to greater risk of loss than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans, as repayment of such commercial and industrial loans generally depends, in 
large part, on the borrower’s business to cover operating expenses and debt service.  In addition, these types 
of loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers, as 
compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans.  Changes in economic conditions that are 
beyond our or the borrower’s control could adversely affect the value of the security for the loan, including 
the future cash flow of the affected business.  As we increase our portfolio of these loans, we may 
experience higher levels of non-performing assets or loan losses, or both. 

Our plans for future expansion depend, in some instances, on factors beyond our control, and an 
unsuccessful attempt to achieve growth could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition, results of operations and future prospects.  

We expect to continue to engage in new branch expansion in the future.  We may also seek to 

acquire other financial institutions, or parts of those institutions, though we have no present plans in that 
regard.  Expansion involves a number of risks, including, without limitation: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

the time and costs of evaluating new markets, hiring experienced local management and opening 
new offices;   

the time lags between these activities and the generation of sufficient assets and deposits to support 
the costs of the expansion;   

(cid:120)  our entrance into new markets where we lack experience; 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

the introduction of new products and services with which we have no prior experience into our 
business; 

failure to culturally integrate an acquisition target or new branches or failing to identify and select 
the optimal candidate for integration or expansion; and 

failure to identify and retain experienced key management members with local expertise and 
relationships in new markets. 

We may acquire and hold other real estate owned (OREO) properties, which could lead to increased 
operating expenses and vulnerability to declines in the market value of real estate in our areas of 
operations.  

From time-to-time, we foreclose upon and take title to the real estate serving as collateral for our 

loans as part of our business.  If our OREO balance increases, management expects that our earnings will be 
negatively affected by various expenses associated with OREO, including personnel costs, insurance and 
taxes, completion and repair costs, valuation adjustments and other expenses associated with property 
ownership.  Also, at the time that we foreclose upon a loan and take possession of a property, we estimate 
the value of that property using third-party appraisals and opinions and internal judgments.  OREO property 
is valued on our books at the estimated market value of the property, less the estimated costs to sell (or “fair 
value”). Upon foreclosure, a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses is recorded for any excess between 

20 

 
 
the value of the asset on our books over its fair value.  Thereafter, we periodically reassess our judgment of 
fair value based on updated appraisals or other factors, including, at times, at the request of our regulators.  
Any declines in our estimate of fair value for OREO will result in valuation adjustments, with a 
corresponding expense in our statements of income that is recorded under the line item for “Other real 
estate expenses.”  As a result, our results of operations are vulnerable to declines in the market for 
residential and commercial real estate in the areas in which we operate.  The expenses associated with 
OREO and  property write downs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and 
financial condition.  Any increase in non-accrual loans may lead to increases in our OREO balance in the 
future.  

Additional growth and regulatory requirements may require us to raise additional capital in the future, 
and capital may not be available when it is needed or may have unfavorable terms, which could adversely 
affect our financial condition and results of operations.  

We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to 
support our operations.  While the boards of the Company and the Bank intend to take steps to ensure that 
the capital plan aligns with the Bank’s strategic plan, that all material risks to the Bank are identified and 
measured and that capital limits are appropriate for the institution’s risk profile, failure to successfully 
implement such steps could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations.  We may at some point need to raise additional capital to support our continued growth.  Our 
ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, 
which are outside of our control, and on our financial performance.  Accordingly, we can make no 
assurances of our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, on terms acceptable to us.  If we cannot raise 
additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations could be materially impaired.  

Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, 
we could lose the teamwork and increased productivity fostered by our culture, which could harm our 
business.  

We believe that a critical contributor to our success has been our corporate culture, which we 

believe fosters teamwork and increased productivity.  As our organization grows and we are required to 
implement more complex organizational management structures, we may find it increasingly difficult to 
maintain the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture.  This could negatively impact our future success.  

If we fail to retain our key employees, our growth and profitability could be adversely affected.  

Our success is, and is expected to remain, highly dependent on our executive management team.  

Four of our key executives are Robert R. Chapman III (President of the Company and President and CEO of 
the Bank), J. Todd Scruggs (Secretary-Treasurer of the Company and Executive Vice President and CFO of 
the Bank), Harry P. “Chip” Umberger (Executive Vice President and Senior Credit Officer of the Bank), 
and Michael A. Syrek (Executive Vice President and Senior Loan Officer of the Bank).  We are especially 
dependent on these executives as well as other key personnel because, as a community bank, we depend on 
our management team’s ties to the community to generate business for us, and our executives have key 
expertise needed to implement our business strategy.  Our executive management and other key personnel 
have not signed non-competition covenants.   

Competition for personnel is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting or retaining 
qualified personnel.  Our failure to compete for these personnel, or the loss of the services of several of such 
key personnel, could adversely affect our growth strategy and seriously harm our business, results of 
operations and financial condition. 

Severe weather, natural disasters, widespread disease or pandemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), 
acts of war or terrorism or other adverse external events could significantly impact our business. 

Severe weather, natural disasters, widespread disease or pandemics (including the recent 
coronavirus outbreak), acts of war or terrorism or other adverse external events could have a significant 
impact on our ability to conduct business. In addition, such events could affect the stability of our deposit 
base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing 

21 

 
 
loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue or cause us to incur additional expenses. 
The occurrence of any of these events in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. 

As a community bank, our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to the success of our business, 
and our failure to do so may materially adversely affect our performance.   

As a community bank, our reputation is one of the most valuable components of our business.  As 
such, we strive to conduct our business in a manner that enhances our reputation. This is done, in part, by 
recruiting, hiring and retaining employees who share our core values of being an integral part of the 
communities we serve, delivering superior service to our customers and caring about our customers and 
associates.  Negative publicity can result from our actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, 
including lending practices, corporate governance, acquisitions and actions taken or threatened by 
government regulators and community organizations in response to those activities.  If our reputation is 
negatively affected by the actions of our employees or otherwise, there may be an adverse effect on our 
ability to keep and attract customers, and we might be exposed to litigation and regulatory action.  Any of 
such events could harm our business, and, therefore, our operating results may be materially adversely 
affected.  As a financial services company with a high profile in our market area, we are inherently exposed 
to this risk.  While we take steps to minimize reputation risk in dealing with customers and other 
constituencies, we will continue to face additional challenges maintaining our reputation with respect to 
customers of the Bank in our current primary market area in Region 2000 and in establishing our reputation 
in new market areas. 

Our decisions regarding how we manage our credit exposure may materially and adversely affect our 
business. 

We manage our credit exposure through careful monitoring of lending relationships and loan 

concentrations in particular industries, and through loan approval and review procedures.  

We have established an evaluation process designed to determine the adequacy of our allowance for 
loan losses.  While this evaluation process uses historical and other objective information, the classification 
of loans and the establishment of loan losses is an estimate based on experience, judgment and expectations 
regarding our borrowers and the economies in which we and our borrowers operate, as well as the judgment 
of our regulators.  While our board and senior management are continuing to improve the Bank’s risk 
management framework and align the Bank’s risk philosophy with its capital and strategic plans, failure to 
continue to improve such risk management framework could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
condition and results of operations.  We can make no assurances that our loan loss reserves will be 
sufficient to absorb future loan losses or prevent a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition or results of operations.  

Our profitability is vulnerable to interest rate fluctuations and changes in monetary policies.  

Our profitability depends substantially upon our net interest income.  Net interest income is the 

difference between the interest earned on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, 
and the interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as NOW accounts, savings accounts, time 
deposits and other borrowings.  Market interest rates for loans, investments and deposits are highly sensitive 
to many factors beyond our control.  Interest rate spreads have seen a sustained period of narrowness due to 
many factors, such as market conditions, policies of various government and regulatory authorities and 
competitive pricing pressures, and we cannot predict whether these rate spreads will narrow further.  This 
narrowing of interest rate spreads could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  
In addition, we cannot predict whether interest rates will continue to remain at present levels. Changes in 
interest rates may cause significant changes, up or down, in our net interest income. Depending on our 
portfolio of loans and investments, our results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in 
interest rates.   

Our financial condition and results of operations are affected by credit policies of monetary 

authorities, particularly the Federal Reserve Board. Actions by monetary and fiscal authorities, including 

22 

 
 
the Federal Reserve Board, could have an adverse effect on our deposit levels, loan demand or business and 
earnings.   

A failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third party 
vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could disrupt our business, 
result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, 
increase our costs and cause losses. 

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, 

interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in our customer-
relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems.  While we have policies and 
procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the failure, interruption or security breach of our 
information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions or security breaches will 
not occur; or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed.  The occurrence of any failures, 
interruptions or security breaches of our information systems could disrupt our business, increase our costs, 
result in the disclosure of confidential client information, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer 
business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial 
liability; any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations.   

Our computer systems, software and networks have been and will continue to be vulnerable to 

unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data (including confidential client information), account 
takeovers, unavailability of service, computer viruses or other malicious code, cyber-attacks and other 
events.  These threats may derive from human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third 
parties, or may result from accidental technological failure.  Information security risks for financial 
institutions such as ours have generally increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new 
technologies, the use of the Internet and digital technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the 
increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists and other external 
parties. Some of our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential 
information in our computer systems and networks. Our business relies on our digital technologies, 
computer and email systems, software and networks to conduct its operations. In addition, to access our 
products and services, our customers may use personal smartphones, tablets, personal computers and other 
mobile devices that are beyond our control systems. Although we have information security procedures and 
controls in place, our technologies, systems, networks and our customers’ devices may become the target of 
cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, 
monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our or our customers’ confidential, proprietary and other 
information, or otherwise disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ business operations.  

Although we maintain safeguards to protect against these risks, there can be no assurance that we 

will not suffer losses in the future that may be material in amount or nature. 

Changes in consumers’ use of banks and changes in consumers’ spending and saving habits could 
adversely affect our financial results. 

Technology and other changes now allow many consumers to complete financial transactions 
without using banks.  For example, consumers can pay bills and transfer funds directly without going 
through a bank.  This disintermediation could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of 
customer deposits and income generated from those deposits.  In addition, changes in consumer spending 
and saving habits could adversely affect our operations, and we may be unable to timely develop 
competitive new products and services in response to these changes that are accepted by new and existing 
customers. 

Failure to implement new technologies in our operations may adversely affect our growth or profits. 
The market for financial services, including banking services and consumer finance services, is 

increasingly affected by advances in technology, including developments in telecommunications, data 
processing, computers, automation, Internet-based banking and telebanking.  Our ability to compete 

23 

 
 
successfully in our markets may depend on the extent to which we are able to exploit such technological 
changes.  However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to properly or timely anticipate or 
implement such technologies or properly train our staff to use such technologies.  Any failure to adapt to 
new technologies could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. 

In addition, the financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, with new 

technology-driven products and services being frequently introduced.  The changes could cause our 
customers to use these new services and products rather than the Bank.  For example, financial technology 
(or “fintech”) companies that rely on technology to provide financial services such as peer-to-peer 
platforms, blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies have the potential to disrupt the financial 
services industry and change the way banks do business.  Fintech companies are subject to limited 
regulation.  We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or 
be successful in competing against products, which could impair our growth and profitability.  

We are subject to operational risks. 

The Company may also be subject to disruptions of its systems arising from events that are wholly 

or partially beyond our control (including, for example, computer viruses or electrical or 
telecommunications outages), which may give rise to losses in service to customers and to financial loss or 
liability.  The Company is further exposed to the risk that its external vendors may be unable to fulfill their 
contractual obligations (or will be subject to the same risk of fraud or operational errors by their respective 
employees as is the Company) and to the risk that the Company’s (or its vendors’) business continuity and 
data security systems prove to be inadequate. 

We are subject to liquidity risk. 

Liquidity risk is the potential that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due, 

capitalize on growth opportunities as they arise or pay regular cash dividends because of an inability to 
liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding in a timely basis, at a reasonable cost and within acceptable risk 
tolerances.  A failure to adequately manage our liquidity risk could adversely affect our business, financial 
condition or operating results, especially in the event of another financial crisis.  Further, the Federal 
Reserve could impose additional requirements on the Company if the agency determines that our enhanced 
liquidity risk management practices do not adequately manage our liquidity risk. 

We may lose lower-cost funding sources. 

Checking, savings and money market deposit account balances and other forms of customer 
deposits can decrease when customers perceive alternative investments, such as the stock market, as 
providing a better risk/return tradeoff.  If customers move money out of bank deposits and into other 
investments, the Bank could lose a relatively low-cost source of funds, thereby increasing its funding costs 
and reducing the Bank’s net interest income and net income. 

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal and disclosure controls, we may not be able to 
accurately report our financial results or prevent or detect fraud. 

Effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures are 

necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent or detect fraud and to operate 
successfully as a public company.   

The Company faces the risk that the design of its controls and procedures, including those to 
mitigate the risk of fraud by employees or outsiders, may prove to be inadequate or are circumvented, 
thereby causing delays in detection of errors or inaccuracies in data and information.  We regularly review 
and update the Company’s internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures and corporate governance 
policies and procedures.  Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on 
certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the 
system are met.  Any failure or circumvention of the Company’s controls and procedures or failure to 
comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.  

24 

 
 
Any failure to maintain effective controls or timely effect any necessary improvement of our 

internal and disclosure controls could hinder our ability to accurately report our operating results or cause 
us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could affect our ability to remain listed with The 
NASDAQ Capital Market.  Ineffective internal and disclosure controls could also harm our reputation, 
negatively impact our operating results or cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial 
information, which likely would have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities. 

Changes in the financial markets could impair the value of our investment portfolio. 

Our investment securities portfolio is a significant component of our total earning assets.  Turmoil 
in the financial markets could impair the market value of our investment portfolio, which could adversely 
affect our net income and possibly our capital. 

From time to time, we hold as investments certain securities that have unrealized losses.  While we 
currently maintain substantial liquidity which supports our intent and ability to hold these investments until 
they mature, or until there is a market price recovery, if we were to cease to have the ability and intent to 
hold these investments until maturity or if the market prices do not recover, and we were to sell these 
securities at a loss, it could adversely affect our net income and possibly our capital. 

Our deposit insurance premiums could be substantially higher in the future, which could have a material 
adverse effect on our future earnings. 

The FDIC insures deposits at FDIC-insured depository institutions, such as the Bank, up to 

applicable limits.  The amount of a particular institution’s deposit insurance assessment is based on that 
institution’s risk classification under an FDIC risk-based assessment system.  An institution’s risk 
classification is assigned based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern the institution 
poses to its regulators.  Bank failures significantly depleted the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund and reduced 
the ratio of reserves to insured deposits.  As a result of recent economic conditions and the enactment of the 
Dodd-Frank Reform Act, banks are now assessed deposit insurance premiums based on the bank’s average 
consolidated total assets, and the FDIC has modified certain risk-based adjustments, which increase or 
decrease a bank’s overall assessment rate.  This has resulted in increases to the deposit insurance 
assessment rates, and thus raised deposit premiums for many insured depository institutions.  If these 
increases are insufficient for the Deposit Insurance Fund to meet its funding requirements, further special 
assessments or increases in deposit insurance premiums may be required.  We are generally unable to 
control the amount of premiums that we are required to pay for FDIC insurance.  If there are additional 
bank or financial institution failures, we may be required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the 
recently increased levels.  Any future additional assessments, increases or required prepayments in FDIC 
insurance premiums could reduce our profitability, may limit our ability to pursue certain business 
opportunities or otherwise negatively impact our operations. 

REGULATORY AND LEGAL RISKS 

We are subject to extensive regulation that could limit or restrict our activities and impose financial 
requirements or limitations on the conduct of our business, which limitations or restrictions could 
adversely affect our profitability.  

As a bank holding company, we are primarily regulated by the Federal Reserve.  The Bank is 
primarily regulated by the BFI and the Federal Reserve.  These regulatory authorities have extensive 
discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of 
restrictions on the operation of a financial institution, the classification of assets by a financial institution 
and the adequacy of a financial institution’s allowance for loan losses.  The Company periodically reviews 
its policies, procedures and limits, and undertakes reporting, to ensure all guidance is appropriate for the 
Bank’s current and planned operations and aligns with regulatory expectations.  In this regard, regulatory 
authorities may impose particular requirements on the Bank, which could have a material adverse effect on 
our results of operations.  Any change in such regulation and regulatory oversight, whether in the form of 
regulatory policy, regulations or legislation, could have a material impact on us and our operations.  
Further, our compliance with Federal Reserve and the BFI regulations is costly. Because our business is 

25 

 
 
highly regulated, the applicable laws, rules and regulations are subject to regular modification and change.  
Laws, rules and regulations may be adopted in the future that could make compliance more difficult or 
expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or prospects.  For instance, such 
changes may limit our growth and restrict certain of our activities, including payment of dividends, mergers 
and acquisitions, investments, loans and interest rates charged, interest rates paid on deposits and locations 
of offices.  We are also subject to capital requirements by our regulators.   

The laws and regulations, including the Dodd-Frank Reform Act, applicable to the banking industry 
could change at any time, and these changes may adversely affect our business and profitability.  

We are subject to extensive federal and state regulation.  Because government regulation greatly 

affects the business and financial results of all commercial banks and bank holding companies, our cost of 
compliance could adversely affect our ability to operate profitably.  The increased scope, complexity, and 
cost of corporate governance, reporting, and disclosure practices are proportionately higher for a company 
of our size and will affect our profitability more than that of some of our larger competitors.  We expect to 
experience increasing compliance costs related to this supervision and regulation.   

Also, the 2020 national election results and new administration have introduced additional 
uncertainty into future implementation and enforcement of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act and other financial 
sector regulatory requirements. Such additional regulation and supervision may increase our costs and limit 
our ability to pursue business opportunities. The effects of any such recently enacted, or proposed, 
legislation and regulatory programs on us cannot reliably be determined at this time. 

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (the “CFPB”) “ability-to-repay” and “qualified 
mortgage” rules may have a negative impact on our loan origination process and foreclosure 
proceedings, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. 

On January 10, 2013, the CFPB issued a final rule to implement the “qualified mortgage” 

provisions of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act requiring mortgage lenders to consider consumers’ ability to 
repay home loans before extending them credit.  The CFPB’s “qualified mortgage” rule, which became 
effective on January 10, 2014, describes certain minimum requirements for lenders making ability-to-repay 
determinations, but does not dictate that they follow particular underwriting models.  Lenders will be 
presumed to have complied with the ability-to-repay rule if they issue “qualified mortgages,” which are 
generally defined as mortgage loans prohibiting or limiting certain risky features.  Loans that do not meet 
the ability-to-repay standard can be challenged in court by borrowers who default, and the absence of 
ability-to-repay status can be used against a lender in foreclosure proceedings.  Any loans that we make 
outside of the “qualified mortgage” criteria could expose us to an increased risk of liability and reduce or 
delay our ability to foreclose upon the underlying property.  Any decreases in loan origination volume or 
increases in compliance and foreclosure costs caused by the rule could negatively affect our business, 
operating results and financial condition.  The CFPB also has adopted a number of additional requirements 
and issued additional guidance, including with respect to appraisals, escrow accounts and servicing, each of 
which entails increased compliance costs.  In addition, the CFPB likely will continue to make rules relating 
to consumer protection, and it is difficult to predict which of our products and services will be subject to 
these rules or how these rules will be implemented. 

Compliance with the Dodd-Frank Reform Act will increase our regulatory compliance burdens, and may 
increase our operating costs and may adversely impact our earnings or capital ratios, or both. 

Signed into law on July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Reform Act has represented a significant 

overhaul of many aspects of the regulation of the financial services industry.  Among other things, the 
Dodd-Frank Reform Act created the CFPB, tightened capital standards, imposed clearing and margining 
requirements on many derivatives activities and generally increased oversight and regulation of financial 
institutions and financial activities. 

In addition to the self-implementing provisions of the statute, the Dodd-Frank Reform Act calls for 

over 200 administrative rulemakings by numerous federal agencies to implement various parts of the 
legislation.  While many rules have been finalized or issued in proposed form, additional rules have yet to 

26 

 
 
be proposed.  It is not possible at this time to predict when all such additional rules will be issued or 
finalized, and what the content of such rules will be.  We will have to apply resources to ensure that we are 
in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act and any implementing rules, 
which may increase our costs of operations and adversely impact our earnings or capital, or both. 

The Dodd-Frank Reform Act and any implementing rules that are ultimately issued could have 
adverse implications on the financial industry, the competitive environment and our ability to conduct 
business. 

The short-term and long-term impact of regulatory capital requirements and capital rules is uncertain.  
Under the capital standards, in order to be well-capitalized, the Bank is required to have a common 

equity to Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% and a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.0%.  The application of more stringent 
capital requirements for the Bank could, among other things, result in lower returns on invested capital, 
require the raising of additional capital and result in regulatory actions if we were to be unable to comply 
with such requirements. Furthermore, the imposition of liquidity requirements in connection with the 
implementation of Basel III could result in our having to lengthen the term of our funding, restructure our 
business models or increase our holdings of liquid assets, or all or any combination of the foregoing. 
Implementation of changes to asset risk weightings for risk based capital calculations, items included or 
deducted in calculating regulatory capital or additional capital conservation buffers, or both, could result in 
management modifying its business strategy, and could limit our ability to make distributions, including 
paying out dividends or buying back shares.   

Pursuant to the Regulatory Relief Act, on September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies 
adopted a final rule regarding a community bank leverage ratio. Under the final rule, which was effective on 
January 1, 2020, depository institutions and depository institution holding companies that have less than 
$10 billion in total consolidated assets and meet other qualifying criteria, including a leverage ratio (equal 
to tier 1 capital divided by average total consolidated assets) of greater than 9 percent, will be eligible to opt 
into the community bank leverage ratio framework (qualifying community banking organizations). 
Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the community bank leverage ratio 
framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than 9 percent will be considered to have satisfied 
the generally applicable risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ capital rules 
(generally applicable rule) and, if applicable, will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio 
requirements for purposes of section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.  At this point the Bank has 
chosen not to opt in to the community bank leverage ratio framework. 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR STOCK 

Our ability to pay cash dividends is limited, and we may be unable to pay future dividends even if we 
desire to do so. 

The Company is a legal entity, separate and distinct from the Bank.  The Company currently does 

not have any significant sources of revenue other than cash dividends paid to it by the Bank.  Both the 
Company and the Bank are subject to laws and regulations that limit the payment of cash dividends, 
including requirements to maintain capital at or above regulatory minimums.  As a bank that is a member of 
the Federal Reserve System, the Bank must obtain prior written approval for any cash dividend if the total 
of all dividends declared in any calendar year would exceed the total of its net profits for that year 
combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two years. 

Banking regulators have indicated that Virginia banking organizations should generally pay 

dividends only (1) from net undivided profits of the bank, after providing for all expenses, losses, interest 
and taxes accrued or due by the bank and (2) if the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent 
with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, the FDIA 
prohibits insured depository institutions such as the Bank from making capital distributions, including the 
payment of dividends, if, after making such distribution, the institution would become undercapitalized as 
defined in the statute. Moreover, the Federal Reserve is authorized to determine under certain circumstances 

27 

 
 
relating to the financial condition of a bank that the payment of dividends would be an unsafe and unsound 
practice and to prohibit payment thereof.  The payment of dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base could 
be deemed to constitute such an unsafe and unsound banking practice.  The Federal Reserve has indicated 
that banking organizations generally pay dividends only out of current operating earnings.  The Bank may 
be prohibited under Virginia law from the payment of dividends, including in the event the BFI determines 
that a limitation of dividends is in the public interest and is necessary to ensure the Bank’s financial 
soundness. 

In addition, the Bank’s ability to pay dividends will be limited if the Bank does not have the capital 
conservation buffer required by the capital rules, which may limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends to 
stockholders. 

If the Bank is not permitted to pay cash dividends to the Company, it is unlikely that the Company 

would be able to pay cash dividends on our common stock.  Moreover, holders of our common stock are 
entitled to receive dividends only when and if declared by our board of directors.  Although we currently 
pay cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and our board of directors could 
reduce or eliminate the amount of our common stock dividends in the future. 

A limited market exists for our common stock. 

Our common stock commenced trading on The NASDAQ Capital Market on January 25, 2012, and 

trading volumes since that time have been relatively low as compared to other larger financial services 
companies.  The limited trading market for our common stock may cause fluctuations in the market value of 
our common stock to be exaggerated, leading to price volatility in excess of that which would occur in a 
more active trading market.  Accordingly, holders of our common stock may have difficulty selling our 
common stock at prices which holders find acceptable or which accurately reflect the value of the 
Company. 

Future offerings of debt or other securities may adversely affect the market price of our stock. 

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources or, if our or the Bank’s capital ratios 

fall below the required minimums, we or the Bank could be forced to raise additional capital by making 
additional offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, including medium-term notes, trust preferred 
securities, senior or subordinated notes and preferred stock. Upon liquidation, holders of any debt securities 
and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our 
available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. 

Our stockholders may experience dilution due to our issuance(s) of additional securities in the future. 

We may in the future issue additional shares of our common stock to raise cash for operations or to 

fund acquisitions, to provide equity-based incentives to our management and employees, to permit our 
stockholders to invest cash dividends and optional cash payments in shares of our common stock or as 
consideration in acquisition transactions. Additional equity offerings and issuance(s) of additional shares of 
our common stock may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our 
common stock, or both. No assurances can be given that the Company will not issue additional securities 
that will have the effect of diluting the equity interest of our stockholders. Holders of our common stock are 
not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. 

Virginia law and the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws could deter or prevent 
takeover attempts by a potential purchaser of our common stock that would be willing to pay holders a 
premium for their shares of our common stock. 

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may be deemed to have the effect 

of discouraging or delaying uninvited attempts by third parties to gain control of us. These provisions 
include the division of our board of directors into classes with staggered terms, the ability of our board of 
directors to set the price, terms and rights of, and to issue, one or more series of our preferred stock and the 
ability of our board of directors, in evaluating a proposed business combination or other fundamental 
change transaction, to consider the effect of the business combination on us and our stockholders, 

28 

 
 
employees, customers and the communities which we serve.  Similarly, the Virginia Stock Corporation Act 
contains provisions designed to protect Virginia corporations and employees from the adverse effects of 
hostile corporate takeovers.  These provisions reduce the possibility that a third party could effect a change 
in control without the support of our incumbent directors.  These provisions may also strengthen the 
position of current management by restricting the ability of stockholders to change the composition of the 
board of directors, to affect its policies generally and to benefit from actions which are opposed by the 
current board of directors. 

Item 1B. 

Unresolved Staff Comments 

None. 

Item 2.  

Properties 

Current Locations and Property 

Depending on such factors as cost, availability, and location, we may either lease or purchase our 
operating facilities. The existing facilities that we have purchased typically have been former branches of 
other financial institutions.  As of March 29, 2021, the Bank conducts its operations from 19 locations, of 
which we own 11 and lease 8.  The following table describes the location and general character of our 
operating facilities: 

Address 
5204 Fort Avenue 
Lynchburg, Virginia 

Type of Facility 
Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

Year 

Opened  Owned/Leased 

2000 

Owned 

4698 South Amherst 
Highway 
Madison Heights, Virginia 

17000 Forest Road 
Forest, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2002 

Owned 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 
Headquarters for Mortgage Division 

2005 

Owned 

164 South Main Street 
Amherst, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2007 

Owned 

1405 Ole Dominion Blvd 
Bedford, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2008 

Owned 

1110 Main Street 
Altavista, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2009 

Owned 

828 Main Street 
Lynchburg, Virginia 

Corporate Headquarters; Full-service 
branch with drive thru and ATM 

2004 

Leased (1) 

4935 Boonsboro Road, 
Suites C and D 
Lynchburg, Virginia 

501 VES Road 
Lynchburg, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2006 

Leased (2) 

Limited service branch 

2010 

Leased (3) 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
250 Pantops Mountain Road 
Charlottesville, Virginia 

Limited service branch 

2015 

Leased (4) 

1391 South High Street 
Harrisonburg, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2015 

Owned 

1745 Confederate Blvd 
Appomattox, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2017 

Owned 

225 Merchant Walk Avenue 
Charlottesville, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2016 

Leased (5) 

3562 Electric Road 
Roanoke, Virginia 

2001 South Main Street #107 
Blacksburg, Virginia 

550 East Water Street 
Suite 100 
Charlottesville, Virginia 

Full-service branch with ATM  

2017 

Leased (6) 

Mortgage origination office  

2018 

Leased (7) 

Full-service branch with ATM 

2019 

Owned 

2101 Electric Road 
Roanoke, Virginia 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2019 

Leased (8) 

45 South Main Street 
Lexington, Virginia 

Full-service branch with ATM 

2019 

Owned 

13 Village Highway 
Rustburg, VA 24588 

Full-service branch with drive thru and 
ATM 

2019 

Owned 

(1) 

Upon closure of the 615 Church Street Branch in 2019, the Bank elected to consolidate the 

Church Street operations at 828 Main Street. In order to secure more square footage for the consolidation, 
effective June 1, 2019, the Bank entered into an amended and restated lease for the 828 Main Street 
location.  The current term of the amended and restated lease expires in five years and the Bank has three 
five-year renewal options (subject to the terms and conditions outlined in the lease).  The Bank leases this 
property from Jamesview Investment, LLC, which is wholly-owned by William C. Bryant III, a member of 
the Board of Directors of both Financial and the Bank. 

(2) 

The current term expired on December 31, 2020.  The Bank intends to continue operating 

at this location and is currently leasing this property on a month-to-month basis. 

(3) 

Base lease expires May 31, 2025.  We have one or more renewal options that we may 

exercise at our discretion subject to the terms and conditions outlined in the lease. 

(4)  

Base lease expires April 30, 2025.  We have one or more renewal options that we may 

exercise at our discretion subject to the terms and conditions outlined in the lease. 

(5) 

Base lease expires October 31, 2026.  We have one or more renewal options that we may 

exercise at our discretion subject to the terms and conditions outlined in the lease. 

(6) 

Base lease expires January 31, 2022.  We have one or more renewal options that we may 

exercise at our discretion subject to the terms and conditions outlined in the lease. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7) 

Base lease expired February 28, 2021.  The Bank intends to continue operating at this 

location and anticipates continuing on a month-to-month basis. 

(8) 

Base lease expires February 28, 2024.  We have one or more renewal options that we may 

exercise at our discretion subject to the terms and conditions outlined in the lease.  

We believe that each of these operating facilities is maintained in good operating condition and is 

suitable for our operational needs. 

Interest in Additional Properties 

As discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis—Expansion Plans” in addition to the 

facilities set forth above, the Bank owns the following properties which are being held for possible 
expansion: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

real property located in the Timberlake Road area of Campbell County (Lynchburg), 
Virginia.  The existing structure located on the property is not suitable for its intended use 
as a branch bank.  Management anticipates that it will be necessary to raze the current 
structures and replace them with appropriate new construction.   

real property located at 4501 Boonsboro Road, Lynchburg, Virginia.  The Bank purchased 
this property in 2020.  This property was previously used by another institution as a branch 
bank.  While the Bank does not anticipate opening a branch at this location until 2022, the 
Bank believes the investment needed to upfit this property will be minimal and primarily 
related to aesthetics due to the fact this location was a former bank branch. 

Management of the Bank continues to look for and evaluate additional locations for future branch 

growth and will consider opening an additional branch in the next 18 months if a suitable location is 
available on acceptable terms.  The opening of all additional branches is contingent upon the receipt of 
regulatory approval. 

We will use the internet, consistent with applicable regulatory guidelines, to augment our growth 

plans.  We currently offer online account access, bill payment, and account management functions through 
our website.  The Bank recently released an application that enables customers to transact banking business 
on smartphones and other mobile devices. 

Item 3.  

Legal Proceedings 

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which the 

property of the Company is subject. 

Item 4.  

Mine Safety Disclosures -- Not applicable. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II 

Item 5. 

Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities 

Market Prices and Dividends 

As of January 25, 2012, the Common Stock of Financial is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market 
LLC (NASDAQ) under the symbol “BOTJ.”  Prior to this time, the Common Stock of Financial was quoted 
on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) under the symbol “BOJF (“BOJF.OB” on some systems) 
and transactions generally involved a small number of shares.   

As of March 29, 2021, there were approximately 4,324,836 shares of Common Stock outstanding, 

which shares are held by approximately 1,500 active shareholders of record.   

Dividend Policy 

The Company’s future dividend policy is subject to the discretion of its Board of Directors and will 

depend upon a number of factors, including future earnings, financial condition, liquidity and capital 
requirements of both the Company and the Bank, applicable governmental regulations and policies and 
other factors deemed relevant by its Board of Directors. 

The Company is organized under the Virginia Stock Corporation Act, which prohibits the payment 
of a dividend if, after giving it effect, the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they become due 
in the usual course of business or if the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total 
liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were to be dissolved, to satisfy the 
preferential rights upon dissolution of any preferred shareholders. 

The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. Its ability to distribute 

cash dividends will depend primarily on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to it, and the Bank is 
subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of dividends that it can pay.  As a state member bank, 
the Bank is subject to certain restrictions imposed by the reserve and capital requirements of federal and 
Virginia banking statutes and regulations. For a discussion of these restrictions, see “Supervision and 
Regulation of Financial – Limits on the Payment of Dividends.” 

On January 19, 2021 Financial declared a cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2020 of $0.07 per 
common share. The dividend was paid on March 19, 2021 to shareholders of record at the close of business 
on March 5, 2021.  Financial will evaluate the factors set forth above when making a determination of 
whether to continue to pay a cash dividend in 2021. 

Share Repurchases 

On December 19, 2018, Financial’s board of directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to 
an aggregate of 100,000 shares of its common stock.  Although this authorization expired on December 18, 
2019, on January 21, 2020 Financial’s board of directors adopted a new stock repurchase plan that 
authorized the Company to repurchase up to an aggregate of 65,000 shares of its common stock.  
Repurchases may be made in the open market, through block trades, or otherwise, and in privately 
negotiated transactions. 

32 

 
 
 
 
During the quarter ended December 31, 2020, Financial repurchased no shares of common stock.  
The plan expired on January 20, 2021, with the Company having purchased a total of 18,000 out of 65,000 
shares authorized for repurchase.   

Total Number of 
Shares Purchased 
- 

Average Price 
Paid per Share 
N/A 

Total Number of 
Shares Purchased 
as Part of 
Publicly 
Announced Plans 
or Programs 
18,000 

Maximum 
Number of 
Shares that May 
Yet Be Purchased 
Under the Plans 
or Programs 
47,000 

- 

- 

- 

N/A 

18,000 

47,000 

N/A 

18,000 

47,000 

N/A 

18,000 

47,000 

Beginning Period 
October 1 through 
October 31, 2020 

November 1 
through November 
30, 2020 

December 1 
through December 
31, 2020 

Total 

Item 6. 

Selected Financial Data -- Not applicable 

Item 7. 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The following discussion is intended to assist readers in understanding and evaluating our financial 

condition and results of operations.  You should read this discussion in conjunction with our financial 
statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this report.  Because Bank of the James 
Financial Group, Inc. (“Financial”) has no material operations and conducts no business other than the 
ownership of its operating subsidiary, Bank of the James (and its divisions and subsidiary), the discussion 
primarily concerns the business of the Bank.  However, for ease of reading and because our financial 
statements are presented on a consolidated basis, references to “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Financial, 
Bank of the James, and their divisions and subsidiaries as appropriate. 

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 

This report contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of 
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements made in this 
document and in any documents that are incorporated by reference which are not purely historical are 
forward-looking statements, including any statements regarding descriptions of management’s plans, 
objectives, or goals for future operations, products or services, and forecasts of its revenues, earnings, or 
other measures of performance. Forward-looking statements are based on current management expectations 
and, by their nature, are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements generally may be identified by 
the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “should,” “will,” “intend,” or 
similar expressions. Shareholders should note that many factors, some of which are discussed elsewhere in 
this document, could affect the future financial results of Financial and could cause those results to differ 

33 

 
 
 
 
materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements contained in this document. These factors, 
many of which are beyond Financial’s control, include, but are not necessarily limited to the following: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business, customers, employees and third-
party service providers of Financial or any of its acquisition targets; 

operating, legal and regulatory risks, including the effects of legislative or regulatory 
developments affecting the financial industry generally or Financial specifically; 

government legislation and policies (including the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street 
Reform and the Consumer Protection Act and its related regulations), including changes to 
address the impact of COVID-19; 

economic, market, political and competitive forces affecting Financial’s banking and other 
businesses; 

competition for our customers from other providers of financial services; government 
legislation and regulation relating to the banking industry (which changes from time to time 
and over which we have no control) including but not limited to the Dodd-Frank Wall 
Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; 

changes in interest rates, monetary policy and general economic conditions, which may 
impact Financial’s net interest income; 

changes in the value of real estate securing loans made by the Bank; 

diversion of management time on pandemic-related issues; 

adoption of new accounting standards or changes in existing standards; 

changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies or practices resulting from the 
COVID-19 pandemic; 

compliance or operational risks related to new products, services, ventures, or lines of 
business, if any, that Financial may pursue or implement; and 

the risk that Financial’s analysis of these risks and forces could be incorrect and/or that the 
strategies developed to address them could be unsuccessful. 

Other risks, uncertainties and factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those 

projected in any forward-looking statements we make. 

These factors should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements, and you should 

not place undue reliance on such statements. Financial specifically disclaims any obligation to update 
factors or to publicly announce the results of revisions to any of the forward-looking statements or 
comments included herein to reflect future events or developments. 

IMPACT OF COVID-19 

The progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has had an adverse impact on our 
financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020.  Management 
anticipates that the pandemic will have a significant adverse impact on the economy, the banking industry 
and our Company in future periods. 

34 

 
 
Effects on Market Areas 

The broad suspension of business activities in the Commonwealth is likely to lead to a prolonged 
increase in the Commonwealth’s and our market areas’ unemployment rate.  Because these developments 
commenced late in the first quarter, and because the public health effects of COVID-19 are generally 
expected to peak later this year in the communities in which we operate, we believe the economic 
consequences of the pandemic are difficult to quantify and are expected to continue to worsen. 

Policy and Regulatory Developments 

Federal, state and local governments and regulatory authorities have enacted and issued a range of 

policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following: 

(cid:120)  The Federal Reserve decreased the range for the Federal Funds Target Rate by 0.50% on March 
3, 2020, and by another 1.0% on March 16, 2020, reaching a current range of 0.0 - 0.25%. 

(cid:120)  On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic 

Security Act, or CARES Act, which established a $2.0 trillion economic stimulus package, 
including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a 
$349 billion loan program administered through the U.S. Small Business Administration 
(SBA), referred to as the Paycheck Protection Program, or PPP Program, which was 
subsequently increased by $320 billion on April 24, 2020. Under the PPP program, small 
businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed individuals may 
apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in 
the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Bank participated as a 
lender in the PPP program.  Effective August 8, 2020, banks ceased taking applications under 
the PPP program.  In addition, the CARES Act provides financial institutions the option to 
temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to loan modifications and 
classification as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for a limited period of time to account 
for the effects of COVID-19. 

(cid:120)  On April 7, 2020, federal banking regulators issued a revised Interagency Statement on Loan 

Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions, which, among other things, encouraged 
financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their 
contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19, and stated that 
institutions generally do not need to categorize COVID-19-related modifications as TDRs, and 
that the agencies will not direct supervised institutions to automatically categorize all COVID-
19 related loan modifications as TDRs. In addition, upon expiration of the initial loan 
modification period, the Bank, pursuant to the “Joint Statement on Additional Loan 
Accommodations Related to COVID-19” published August 3, 2020, is encouraged to continue 
to work with effected borrowers on additional loan modifications. Loan modifications made 
through December 31, 2020 are disclosed within Note 5 – Loans and Allowance for Loan 
Losses. 

(cid:120)  On December 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small 
Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (the “Economic Aid Act”) into law to provide 
continued assistance to individuals and businesses that have been financially impacted by the 
ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Section 311 of the Economic Aid Act added a new temporary 
provision that authorizes the SBA to guarantee Paycheck Protection Program Second Draw 
Loans (the “PPP Second Draw Program”), under generally the same terms and conditions 
available under the PPP Under section 311, SBA may guarantee loans under the PPP Second 
Draw Program through March 31, 2021 (‘‘Second Draw PPP Loans’’) to borrowers that 
previously received an initial PPP loan and have used or will use the full amount of the initial 
PPP loan for authorized purposes on or before the expected date of disbursement of the Second 

35 

 
 
Draw PPP Loan.  In addition, the Economic Aid Act permits individuals and business that did 
not receive an initial PPP loan to apply under the PPP Program. 

(cid:120) 

In accordance with the relief provisions of the CARES Act and the March 22, 2020 (revised 
April 2020) Joint Interagency Regulatory Guidance, the above modifications were not 
considered to be troubled debt restructurings and were excluded from the TDR discussion 
above.  The TDR relief provisions provided for by the CARES Act were extended in December 
2020 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act through the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days 
after the national COVID-19 emergency terminates. 

Effects on Our Business 

The COVID-19 pandemic and the specific developments referred to above are expected to have a 

significant impact on our business. As a result, we anticipate that our financial condition, capital levels and 
results of operations could be significantly adversely affected, as described in further detail below. 

COVID-19 Crisis Management 

As an essential service provider, Bank of the James has continued to provide uninterrupted service 
to its clients throughout the COVID-19 crisis. On March 2, 2020 the Company's Management Committee 
initiated plans in response to the emerging risk related to the pandemic. 

From the beginning, our management of the crisis has focused on protecting the health and well-

being of our employees and clients while continuing to provide our clients with full access to banking 
services. As the operational risk related to the COVID-19 crisis evolved, the Company took proactive 
measures to manage operational risk, including the following: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

The Company has implemented its Business Continuity Plan. 

All branches remain open, with routine banking services offered through online banking, 
drive-thru, ATMs, and limited lobby access. 

Implemented a number of actions to support a healthy workforce, including: 

(cid:131) 

(cid:131) 

(cid:131) 

Flexible work practices such as work-from-home options, working in shifts and 
placing greater distances between employees; 

Discontinuation of non-essential business travel and meetings; and 

Use of online meeting platforms, including successfully conducting the 2020 
Annual Meeting of Shareholders in a virtual format. 

Overview 

Financial is a bank holding company headquartered in Lynchburg, Virginia.  Our primary business 

is retail banking which we conduct through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank of the James (which we 
refer to as the “Bank”).  We conduct three other business activities: mortgage banking through the Bank’s 
Mortgage Division (which we refer to as “Mortgage”), investment services through the Bank’s Investment 
division (which we refer to as “Investment Division”), and insurance activities through BOTJ Insurance, 
Inc., a subsidiary of the Bank, (which we refer to as “Insurance”). 

Although we intend to increase other sources of revenue, our operating results depend primarily 

upon the Bank’s net interest income, which is determined by the difference between (i) interest and 
dividend income on earning assets, which consist primarily of loans, investment securities and other 

36 

 
 
 
investments, and (ii) interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, which consist principally of deposits 
and other borrowings.  The Bank’s net income also is affected by its provision for loan losses, as well as the 
level of its noninterest income, including deposit fees and service charges, gains on sales of mortgage loans, 
and its noninterest expenses, including salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expense, data processing 
expenses, miscellaneous other expenses, franchise taxes, and income taxes. 

As discussed in more detail below, 

(cid:120)  For the year ended December 31, 2020, Financial had net income of $4,980,000, a decrease 

of $625,000 from net income of $5,605,000, for the year ended December 31, 2019; 

(cid:120)  For the year ended December 31, 2020, earnings per basic and diluted common share was 
$1.15, as compared to earnings of $1.28 per basic and diluted common share for the year 
ended December 31, 2019; 

(cid:120)  Net interest income increased to $25,146,000 for the current year from $24,552,000 for the 

year ended December 31, 2019; 

(cid:120)  Noninterest income (exclusive of net gains on sales and calls of securities) increased to 
$10,331,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $6,794,000 for the year ended 
December 31, 2019; 

(cid:120)  Total assets as of December 31, 2020 were $851,386,000 compared to $725,394,000 at the 

end of 2019, an increase of $125,992,000 or 17.37%; 

(cid:120)  Net loans (excluding loans held for sale), net of unearned income and the allowance for 

loan losses, increased to $601,934,000 as of December 31, 2020 from $573,274,000 as of 
the end of December 31, 2019, an increase of 5.00%; and 

(cid:120)  The net interest margin decreased 45 basis points to 3.32% for 2020, compared to 3.77% 

for 2019. 

The following table sets forth selected financial ratios: 

Return on average equity 
Return on average assets 
Dividend yield % 
Average equity to total average assets 

Effect of Economic Trends 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 
2019 
9.52% 
0.80% 
1.87% 
8.43% 

2020 

8.01% 
0.62% 
1.99% 
7.72% 

2018 

9.74% 
0.81% 
1.73% 
8.29% 

A variety and wide scope of economic factors affect Financial’s success and earnings.  Although 

interest rate trends are one of the most important of these factors, Financial believes that interest rates 
cannot be predicted with a reasonable level of confidence and therefore does not attempt to do so with 
complicated economic models.  Management believes that the best defense against wide swings in interest 
rate levels is to minimize vulnerability at all potential interest rate levels.  Rather than concentrate on any 
one interest rate scenario, Financial prepares for the opposite as well, in order to safeguard margins against 
the unexpected. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Between January 2018 and December 2018, the FOMC raised rates by 25 basis points four times, at 

which point the target rate for federal funds (“fed funds”) peaked at 2.25% to 2.50%.  Beginning in July 
2019, the FOMC began to decrease rates.  Between July 2019 and October 2019, the FOMC decreased the 
target rate three times by 25 basis points.   

In its December 11, 2019 statement, the FOMC stated it continues to seek to foster maximum 

employment and price stability. The FOMC judged that the current stance of monetary policy was 
appropriate to support sustained expansion of economic activity, strong labor market conditions, and 
inflation near the FOMC's two percent objective.  However, on March 3, 2020, the FOMC lowered the 
target range of the fed funds rate by 50 basis points in response to concerns related to risks the coronavirus 
poses to economic activity.  Further, in response to concerns that the coronavirus could push the U.S. 
economy towards a recession, on March 15, 2020, the FOMC, at an emergency meeting lowered the target 
range of the federal funds rate by an additional 100 basis points.  At that meeting, the Federal Reserve also 
announced that it would buy $700 billion in Treasury and mortgage-backed securities.   

Thus, as of March 20, 2020, the FOMC has set a current target rate range of 0% to 0.25%.  The 

target rate remained unchanged for the remainder of 2020.  Long term interest rates decreased in 2019 and 
remained relatively flat in 2020.  However, as a result of COVID-19 stimulus, long term rates began to 
trend slightly upward in the first quarter of 2021. 

Critical Accounting Policies 

Financial’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States (GAAP).  The financial information contained within our statements is, to a 
significant extent, based on measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already 
occurred.  A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained either when earning income, 
recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability.  The Bank uses historical loss factors as 
one factor in determining the inherent loss that may be present in the loan portfolio.  Actual losses could 
differ significantly from the historical factors that the Bank uses in estimating risk.  In addition, GAAP 
itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another method.  Although the economics of 
Financial’s transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact the transactions could 
change.   

The allowance for loan losses is management’s estimate of the probable losses inherent in our loan 
portfolio. Management considers impaired loans, historical loss experience, and various qualitative factors 
(both internal and external) in the Company’s determination of the allowances.  Historical and industry 
trends, as well as peer comparisons are also considered in the Company’s ongoing evaluation of the 
allowance for loan losses.  The allowance is based on two basic principles of accounting: (i) ASC 450, 
Contingencies, which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and are 
reasonably estimable and (ii) ASC 310, Receivables, which requires that losses on impaired loans be 
accrued based on the differences between the value of collateral, present value of future cash flows or 
values that are observable in the secondary market and the loan balance.  Guidelines for determining 
allowances for loan losses are also provided in the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 102 – “Selected 
Loan Loss Allowance Methodology and Documentation Issues” and the Federal Financial Institutions 
Examination Council’s interagency guidance, “Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan 
and Lease Losses” (the “FFIEC Policy Statement”).  See “Management Discussion and Analysis Results of 
Operations – Asset Quality” below and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further 
discussion of the allowance for loan losses. 

Other real estate owned (“OREO”) consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or deed in 

lieu of foreclosure.  These properties are carried at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of 
foreclosure establishing a new cost basis.  These properties are subsequently accounted for at the lower of 
cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  Losses from the acquisition of property in full or partial 
satisfaction of loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses.  Subsequent write-downs, if any, are 

38 

 
 
charged against expense.  Gains and losses on the sales of foreclosed properties are included in determining 
net income in the year of the sale.  Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.   The Bank had OREO 
totaling $1,105,000 and $2,339,000 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  

Year Ended December 31, 2020 compared to year ended December 31, 2019 

Net Income 

The net income for Financial for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $4,980,000 or $1.15 per 

basic and diluted share compared with net income of $5,605,000 or $1.28 per basic and diluted share for the 
year ended December 31, 2019.  Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements provides additional 
information with respect to the calculation of Financial’s earnings per share. 

The decrease of $625,000 in 2020 net income compared to 2019 was due in large part to an increase 

in noninterest expense of $3,111,000 or 12.81% and an increase in the provision for loan losses of 
$2,025,000, or 387.19%.  These increases were partially offset by.an increase in net interest income in the 
amount of $594,000 or 2.42% and an increase in noninterest income of $3,787,000, or 52.69%.  As 
discussed in more detail below, we also adjusted OREO valuations downward by $437,000 during the year 
ended December 31, 2020.  The amount of the provision for loan losses was $2,548,000 in the year ended 
December 31, 2020 as compared to $523,000 in 2019. 

These operating results represent a return on average stockholders’ equity of 8.01% for the year 

ended December 31, 2020 compared to 9.52% for the year ended December 31, 2019.  Our return on 
average stockholder’s equity decreased because of an increase in the average equity resulting largely from 
an increase in the market value of the available-for-sale securities portfolio which is recorded in 
accumulated other comprehensive income net of the related tax effect and a decrease the decrease in net 
income in 2020 as compared to 2019.  The return on average assets for the year ended December 31, 2020 
was 0.62% compared to 0.80% in 2019 primarily due to the increase in our total assets. 

Net Interest Income 

The fundamental source of Financial’s earnings, net interest income, is defined as the difference 

between income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets.  The significant categories 
of earning assets are loans, federal funds sold, interest-bearing balances at other banks, and investment 
securities, while deposits, fed funds purchased, and other borrowings represent interest-bearing liabilities.  
The level of net interest income is impacted primarily by variations in the volume and mix of these assets 
and liabilities, as well as changes in interest rates when compared to previous periods of operation.  

Interest income decreased to $29,686,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $29,816,000 

for the year ended December 31, 2019.  This decrease was due to a decrease in the yields on average 
earning assets which primarily consist of loans and investment securities, as discussed below. 

Net interest income for 2020 increased $594,000, or 2.42%, to $25,146,000 from $24,552,000 in 

2019.  The growth in net interest income was due primarily to the a decrease in interest expense.  Our 
interest expense decreased by $724,000 to $4,540,000 in 2020 from $5,264,000 in 2019.  Our interest 
expense decreased primarily because of a decrease in the rates paid on interest bearing liabilities but was 
partially offset by an increase in the balance of interest-bearing liabilities.  The average balance of interest 
bearing liabilities increased 13.23% from $544,038,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 
$615,989,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020.  The average interest rate paid on interest bearing 
liabilities decreased by 23 basis points from 0.97% in 2019 to 0.74% in 2020. 

The net interest margin decreased to 3.32% in 2020 from 3.77% in 2019.  The average rate on 
earning assets decreased 66 basis points from 4.57% in 2019 to 3.91% in 2020 and the average rate on 

39 

 
 
interest-bearing deposits decreased from 0.93% in 2019 to 0.69% in 2020.  The decreases were primarily 
caused by the impact of lower-yielding PPP loans.  As a result of the spread of COVID-19, economic 
uncertainties have arisen that are likely to negatively impact net interest margin. Other financial impacts 
could occur, though such potential impacts are unknown at this time. 

The following table shows the average balances of total interest earning assets and total interest 

bearing liabilities for the periods indicated, showing the average distribution of assets, liabilities, 
stockholders’ equity and related revenue, expense and corresponding weighted average yields and rates.  
The average balances used in this table and other statistical data were calculated using average daily 
balances.

40 

 
 
Net Interest Margin Analysis 
Average Balance Sheets 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 
(dollars in thousands) 

2020 

2019 

2018 

Average 
Balance 
Sheet 

Interest 
Income/ 
Expense 

Average 
Rates 
Earned/ 
Paid 

Average 
Balance 
Sheet 

Interest 
Income/ 
Expense 

Average 
Rates 
Earned 
/Paid 

Average 
Balance 
Sheet 

Interest 
Income/ 
Expense 

Average 
Rates 
Earned/ 
Paid 

$608,831 
6,876 

$27,812 
209 

57,249 

102 

18,492 
65,458 

1,417 
116 

89 
1,399 

78 
- 

4.57% 
3.04% 

0.18% 

0.48% 
2.14% 

5.50% 
0.00% 

$551,362 
3,559 

$27,413 
146 

21,864 

454 

14,907 
58,584 

1,378 
116 

326 
1,384 

92 
1 

4.97% 
4.10% 

2.08% 

2.19% 
2.36% 

6.74% 
0.86% 

$519,850 
3,138 

20,832 

12,594 
60,880 

1,402 
116 

$24,707 
129 

393 

227 
1,443 

74 
- 

4.75% 
4.11% 

1.89% 

1.80% 
2.37% 

5.28% 
0.00% 

ASSETS 
Loans, including fees 
(1)(2) 
Loans AFS 

Federal funds sold 
Interest-bearing bank 
balances 
Securities (3) 
Federal agency 
equities 
CBB equity 

Total earning assets 

758,439 

29,689 

3.91% 

651,770 

29,816 

4.57% 

618,812 

26,973 

4.36% 

Allowance for loan 
losses 
Non-earning assets 

(5,913) 
59,903 

Total assets 

$812,429 

(4,722) 
51,607 

$698,655 

(4,650) 
42,776 

$656,938 

LIABILITIES AND 
STOCKHOLDERS’ 
EQUITY 

Deposits 
  Demand interest 
bearing  
  Savings 
  Time deposits 

Total interest bearing 
deposits 

Other borrowed funds 
  Other borrowings 
  Financing leases 
  Capital Notes 
Total interest-bearing 
liabilities 

$329,396 
92,859 
181,932 

$652 
152 
3,348 

0.20% 
0.16% 
1.84% 

$253,642 
92,598 
190,512 

$1,316 
221 
3,456 

0.52% 
0.24% 
1.81% 

$206,342 
102,383 
184,924 

$767 
194 
2,617 

0.37% 
0.19% 
1.42% 

604,187 

4,152 

0.69% 

536,752 

4,993 

0.93% 

493,649 

3,578 

0.72% 

- 
4,292 
7,510 

- 
115 
273 

0.00% 
2.68% 
3.64% 

- 
2,286 
5,000 

- 
71 
200 

0.00% 
3.11% 
4.00% 

850 
- 
5,000 

17 
- 
200 

2.00% 
0.00% 
4.00% 

615,989 

4,540 

0.74% 

544,038 

5,264 

0.97% 

499,499 

3,795 

0.76% 

Noninterest bearing 
deposits  
Other liabilities 

129,000 
5,247 

Total liabilities 

750,236 

Stockholders' equity 

62,193 

Total liabilities and  
 Stockholders’ equity 

$812,429 

91,928 
3,818 

639,784 

58,871 

101,785 
1,193 

602,477 

54,461 

$698,655 

$656,938 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest earnings 

$25,149 

$24,552 

$23,178 

Net interest margin 

Interest spread 

3.32% 

3.17% 

3.77% 

3.61% 

3.75% 

3.60% 

(1)  Net deferred loan fees and costs are included in interest income. 

(2)  Nonperforming loans are included in the average balances. However, interest income and yields calculated do not 

reflect any accrued interest associated with non-accrual loans. 

(3)  The interest income and yields calculated on securities have been tax affected to reflect any tax-exempt interest on 

municipal securities using the Company’s applicable federal tax rate of 21% for each year. 

Interest income and expenses are affected by fluctuations in interest rates, by changes in the volume 

of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and by the interaction of rate and volume factors.  The 
following table shows the direct causes of the year-to-year changes in components of net interest income on 
a taxable equivalent basis. 

2020 

Rate 
Effect 
$ (1,280) 
456 
(342) 
(58) 
(19) 
(1,243) 

(1,290) 
(70) 
(417) 
(16) 
(8) 

Change 
in 
Income/ 
Expense 
$   462 
(352) 
(237) 
15 
(15) 
(127) 

(664) 
(69) 
(108) 
73 
44 

- 

- 

Volume 
Effect 
$  1,742 
(808) 
105 
73 
4 
1,116 

626 
1 
309 
89 
52 

- 

Loans 
Federal funds sold 
Interest-bearing deposits 
Securities 
Restricted stock 
   Total earning assets 
Liabilities: 
Demand interest bearing 
Savings 
Time deposits 
Capital notes 
Financing leases 
Repurchase agreements and 
other borrowings 
   Total interest-bearing 

Volume and Rate 
(dollars in thousands) 
Years Ending December 31, 

2019 

Rate 
Effect 
$ 1,175 
41 
54 
(6) 
21 
1,284 

351 
42 
756 
- 
- 

- 

Change 
in 
Income/ 
Expense 
$   2,723 
61 
99 
(59) 
20 
2,844 

549 
27 
839 
- 
- 

- 

Volume 
Effect 
$  1,548 
20 
45 
(53) 
(1) 
1,560 

198 
(15) 
83 
- 
- 

- 

2018 

Rate 
Effect 
$ 1,109 
124 
70 
(11) 
(2) 
1,290 

234 
(27) 
414 
- 
- 

(7) 

Change 
in 
Income/ 
Expense 

$   2,755 
260 
145 
132 
1 
3,293 

273 
(34) 
546 
13 
- 

3 

Volume 
Effect 
$  1,646 
136 
75 
143 
3 
2,003 

39 
(7) 
133 
13 
- 

10 

liabilities 

$ 1,077 

$ (1,801) 

$  (724) 

$ 266 

$   1,149 

$  1,415 

$ 188 

$   614 

$  802 

    Change in net interest 

income 

$ 39 

$ 558 

$ 597 

$ 1,294 

$ 135 

$ 1,429 

$ 1,815 

$ 676 

$ 2,491 

Noninterest Income of Financial 

Noninterest income has been and will continue to be an important factor for increasing our 

profitability.  Our management continues to review and consider areas where noninterest income can be 
increased.  Noninterest income (excluding securities gains and losses) consists of income from mortgage 
originations and sales, service fees, income from life insurance, income from credit and debit card 
transactions, and fees generated by the investment services of Investment.  Service fees consist primarily of 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
monthly service and minimum account balance fees and charges on transactional deposit accounts, treasury 
management fees, overdraft charges, and ATM service fees.  

The Bank, through the Mortgage Division originates both conforming, non-conforming consumer 

residential mortgage, and reverse mortgage loans primarily in the Region 2000 area as well as in 
Charlottesville, Harrisonburg, Roanoke, Lexington, and Blacksburg.  As part of the Bank’s overall risk 
management strategy, all of the loans originated and closed by the Mortgage Division are presold to 
mortgage banking or other financial institutions.  The Mortgage Division assumes no credit or interest rate 
risk on these mortgages. 

The Mortgage Division originated 1,304 mortgage loans, totaling approximately $298,154,000 

during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared with 768 mortgage loans, totaling $163,394,000 in 
2019.  Income improved with the increased origination volume, which is attributable in part to an 
improving residential real estate market throughout our footprint as well as falling long-term interest rates.  
Beginning in 2013 we began operating the Mortgage Division with hybrid correspondent relationships that 
allow the Bank to close loans in its name before an investor purchases the loan. By using the Bank’s funds 
to close the loan (as compared to a broker relationship in which loans are funded by the purchaser of the 
mortgage), the Bank is able to obtain better pricing due to the slight increase in risk.  In 2019 and 2020, the 
Mortgage Division continued to operate in an environment in which real estate values continued to improve 
some of which may be attributed to a decrease in overall home inventory for sale.  Loans for new home 
purchases comprised 65% of the total volume in 2019 as compared to 54% in 2020.  The Mortgage 
Division’s revenue is derived from gains on sales of loans held-for-sale to the secondary market.  For the 
year ended December 31, 2020, the Mortgage Division accounted for 19.44% of Financial’s total revenue 
as compared with 11.50% of Financial’s total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019.  Mortgage 
contributed $2,693,000 and $1,125,000 to Financial’s pre-tax net income in 2020 and 2019, respectively.  
Because of the uncertainty surrounding current and near-term economic conditions arising from the 
COVID-19 pandemic, management cannot predict future mortgage rates.  Management also anticipates that 
even if rates trend higher, the majority of the loan mix will continue to lean towards new home purchases 
and away from refinancing.   

The Mortgage Division continues to increase its market share in its service areas.  We opened a 

new mortgage origination office in Roanoke in October, 2013 and began originating mortgages in 
Charlottesville in March, 2014.  In addition, in the first quarter of 2016, we hired a new mortgage loan 
origination officer for the Harrisonburg Market and in 2018 we opened a mortgage origination office in 
Blacksburg, Virginia with one producer.  In 2018, we added one additional mortgage producer in Roanoke 
and in 2019, a second producer was also added in Blacksburg.  In early 2020, a mortgage producer was 
added at the Bank’s branch location in Lexington.  Management expects that continued historically low 
rates coupled with the Mortgage Division’s reputation in its markets and our recently-added offices and 
producers present an opportunity for us to continue to grow the Mortgage Division’s revenue. 

Service charges and fees and commissions increased to $2,033,000 for the year ended December 

31, 2020 from $1,785,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily due to increases related to 
commissions on the sales of securities and debit card fees.  These decreases were partially offset by an 
increase in treasury management fees. 

Investment provides brokerage services through an agreement with a third-party broker-dealer.  

Pursuant to this arrangement, the third party broker-dealer operates a service center adjacent to one of the 
branches of the Bank.  The center is staffed by dual employees of the Bank and the broker-dealer.  
Investment receives commissions on transactions generated and in some cases ongoing management fees 
such as mutual fund 12b-1 fees.  Investment’s financial impact on our consolidated revenue has been 
minimal.  Although management cannot predict the financial impact of Investment with certainty, 
management anticipates it will continue to be a relatively small component of revenue in 2021.  

43 

 
 
In the third quarter of 2008, we began providing insurance and annuity products to Bank customers 

and others, through the Bank’s Insurance subsidiary.  The Bank has one full-time and one part-time 
employee that are dedicated to selling insurance products through Insurance.  Insurance generates minimal 
revenue and its financial impact on our consolidated revenue has been immaterial.  Management anticipates 
that Insurance’s impact on noninterest income will remain immaterial in 2021. 

Noninterest income, exclusive of gains and losses on the sale and call of securities, increased to 

$10,331,000 in 2020 from $6,794,000 in 2019.  Inclusive of gains and losses on the sale and call of 
securities, noninterest income increased to $10,975,000 in 2020 from $7,188,000 in 2019.  The following 
table summarizes our noninterest income for the periods indicated. 

Gains on sale of loans held for sale 
Service charges, fees and commissions 
Life insurance income 
Other 
Gain on sales and calls of securities, net 

Total noninterest income 

Noninterest Income 
(dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 

2020 
$     7,812 
2,033 
436 
50 
644 

2019 
$     4,254 
1,785 
679 
76 
394 

$   10,975  $      7,188 

The increase in noninterest income for 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily due to an increase 

in income from gains on sale of loans held for sale and an increase in gains on sales of securities.  Life 
insurance income in 2020 decreased due to a death benefit received in 2019.   

Noninterest Expense of Financial 

Noninterest expenses increased from $24,283,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 

$27,394,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020.  The following table summarizes our noninterest 
expense for the periods indicated.  

Noninterest Expense 
(dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 

2020 
$15,430 
1,638 
2,350 
479 
3,691 
667 
1,112 
443 
336 
1,248 
$  27,394 

2019 
$13,092 
1,655 
2,107 
597 
3,432 
866 
653 
366 
226 
1,289 
$  24,283 

   Salaries and employee benefits 
   Occupancy 
   Equipment 
   Supplies 
   Professional, data processing and other outside expenses 
   Marketing 
   Credit expense 
   Other real estate expenses 
   FDIC insurance expense 
   Other 

Total noninterest expense 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The increase in noninterest expense was due in large part to an increase in compensation and 

benefits and credit expense, both of which are have a variable component related to mortgage origination.  
In addition, compensation expense increased as a result of the Bank’s early retirement plan, pursuant to 
which the Bank incurred approximately $700,000 in salary and benefit expense.  To a lesser degree 
professional, data processing, and other outside expenses, equipment expense, FDIC Insurance,  and other 
real estate expense also contributed to the overall increase.  Professional, data processing, and other outside 
expense increased primarily due increased charges by our core service provider relating to the additional 
deposit business generated in 2020. The increase in equipment expense was related to the replacement of 
certain computer equipment and software in order to continue to make progress toward cloud-based 
computing and a fully electronic signature system.  The decrease in our supplies and marketing expenses 
were primarily the result of the COVID-19 pandemic.  During the COVID-19 pandemic more than half of 
our employees were able to work from home, which resulted in a decrease in the use of supplies.  Marketing 
decreased in part because of a decrease in sponsorships related to events canceled because of COVID-19.   

The efficiency ratio, that is the cost of producing each dollar of revenue, is determined by dividing 
noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income plus noninterest income.  Financial’s efficiency ratio 
decreased from 76.51% in 2019 to 75.84% in 2020.  Our efficiency ratio decreased because the increases in 
net interest income and noninterest income was greater than the increase in noninterest expense. 

Income Tax Expense 

For the year ended December 31, 2019, Financial had federal income tax expense of $1,329,000, as 

compared to a federal income tax expense of $1,199,000 in 2020, which equates to effective tax rates of 
19.17% and 19.40%, respectively.  Our effective tax rate was lower than the statutory corporate tax rate in 
2019 and 2020 because of federal income tax benefits resulting from the tax treatment of earnings on bank 
owned life insurance, and certain tax-free municipal securities.  Note 12 of the consolidated financial 
statements provides additional information with respect to our 2019 and 2020 federal income tax expense 
and deferred tax accounts. 

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION 

As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 

General 

Our total assets were $851,386,000 at December 31, 2020, an increase of $125,992,000 or 17.37% 
from $725,394,000 at December 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase in loans and securities available-for-
sale, both of which were primarily funded by an increase in deposits. As explained in more detail below, 
deposits increased from $649,459,000 on December 31, 2019 to $764,967,000 on December 31, 2020.  
Loans, net of unearned income and the allowance, increased to $601,934,000 on December 31, 2020 from 
$573,274,000 on December 31, 2019.  

Loans 

Our loan portfolio is the largest and most profitable component of our earning assets.  The Bank has 

comprehensive policies and procedures which cover both commercial and consumer loan origination and 
management of credit risk.  Loans are underwritten in a manner that focuses on the borrower’s ability to 
repay.  Management’s goal is not to avoid risk, but to manage it and to include credit risk as part of the 
pricing decision for each product. 

The Bank’s loan portfolio consists of commercial short-term lines of credit, term loans, mortgage 

financing and construction loans that are used by the borrower to build or develop real estate properties, and 
consumer loans.  The consumer portfolio includes residential real estate mortgages, home equity lines and 
installment loans. 

45 

 
 
Loans, net of unearned income and the allowance, increased to $601,934,000 on December 31, 
2020 from $573,274,000 on December 31, 2019. Total loans, including loans held for sale increased to 
$616,192,000 on December 31, 2020 from $582,324,000 on December 31, 2019.  The increase in total 
loans was in large part due to the origination of PPP loans.  The increase is also attributed to increased 
calling and sales efforts by our lenders.  Despite these factors, competition for qualified borrowers remains 
strong.  

As of December 31, 2020, the Bank had $2,063,000, or 0.34% of its total loans, in non-accrual 

status compared with $1,301,000, or 0.23% of its total loans, at December 31, 2019.  Management is 
continuing its efforts to reduce non-performing assets through enhanced collection efforts and the 
liquidation of underlying collateral.  The Bank attempts to work with borrowers on a case-by-case basis to 
attempt to protect the Bank’s interests.  However, despite our commitment, a reduction of non-accrual loans 
can be dependent on a number of factors, including improvements in employment, housing, and overall 
economic conditions at the local, regional and national levels.  See “Asset Quality” below. 

The following table summarizes the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio for the periods 

indicated by dollar amount: 

Loan Portfolio 
(dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 

Commercial 
Commercial real estate 
Consumer 
Residential 

2020 
$  145,145 
309,563 
92,344 
62,038 

2019 
  $ 114,257 
303,900 
89,945 
70,001 

2018 
$  92,877 
289,171 
86,191 
66,358 

2017 
  $  96,127 
251,807 
83,746 
64,094 

2016 
$  88,085 
237,638 
85,099 
59,247 

Total loans 

609,090 

578,103 

534,597 

495,774 

470,069 

Less allowance for loan 

losses 

7,156 

4,829 

4,581 

4,752 

5,716 

Net loans 

$601,934 

$573,274 

$530,016 

  $491,022 

$464,353 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the maturities of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2020: 

Remaining Maturities of Selected Loans 
(dollars in thousands) 
At December 31, 2020 

Greater 
than Five 
Years 

$   55,294 
246,629 
60,835 
42,738 
$ 405,496 

Total 

$  145,145 
309,563 
92,344 
62,038 
$  609,090 

Less than 
One Year 

One to 
Five Years 

$   20,649 
26,925 
6,166 
17,798 
$   71,538 

$    69,202 
36,009 
25,343 
1,502 
$  132,056 

$   146,958 
390,594 
$   537,552 

27.34% 
72.66% 

Commercial 
Commercial real estate 
Consumer 
Residential 
Total 

For maturities over one year: 
Fixed Rates 
Variable Rates 
Total 

Deposits 

We experienced an increase in deposits from $649,459,000 at December 31, 2019 to $764,967,000 

at December 31, 2020, for an increase of 17.79%.  Noninterest-bearing deposits increased $49,409,000 or 
52.60% from $93,936,000 at December 31, 2019 to $143,345,000 at December 31, 2020.  The increase in 
noninterest-bearing deposits was due to customers maintaining higher balances due to COVID-19 
uncertainty, along with government stimulus, and to a lesser extent, the recent expansion into in 
Charlottesville, Harrisonburg, Roanoke, and most recently, Appomattox and Rustburg, as well as increased 
and continued efforts to procure the primary checking accounts of our commercial loan customers through 
offering treasury services.  Interest-bearing deposits increased $66,099,000, or 11.90%, from $555,523,000 
at December 31, 2019 to $621,622,000 at December 31, 2020.  A total of $0 and $10,020,000 in brokered 
certificates of deposit was included in total time deposits at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.   

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the average deposit balances and the rates paid on deposits for the 

years indicated: 

Average Deposits and Rates Paid 

(dollars in thousands) 
Year Ended December 31, 
2019 

2018 

2020 

Amount 
Noninterest-bearing deposits  $129,000 
Interest-bearing deposits 

  Rate 

  Amount 

  Rate 

  Amount 

  Rate 

- 

$91,928 

- 

$101,785 

- 

Interest checking 
Money market 
Savings 
Time deposits 
  Less than $100,000  

    $100,000 but < $250,000 
    Greater than $250,000 
Total interest-bearing 

deposits 

Total deposits 

$263,381 
66,015 
92,859 

  0.17% 
  0.30% 
  0.16% 

  $193,306 
60,336 
92,598 

  0.52% 
  0.53% 
  0.24% 

$138,347 
67,995 
102,383 

  0.34% 
  0.42% 
  0.18% 

82,471 
65,075 
34,386 

  1.75% 
  1.89% 
  1.97% 

83,980 
63,986 
42,546 

  1.71% 
  1.88% 
  1.92% 

80,628 
60,268 
44,028 

  1.32% 
  1.40% 
  1.59% 

$604,187 
$733,187 

  0.69% 

  $536,752 
  $628,680 

  0.93% 

$493,649 
$595,434 

  0.72% 

The following table includes a summary of maturities of CDs greater than $100,000: 

Maturities of CD’s Greater than $ 100,000 
(dollars in thousands) 

Less than 
Three 
Months 
$  28,837 

Three to 
Six 
Months 
  $ 10,073 

Six to 
Twelve 
Months 
  $  16,282 

Greater 
than One 
Year 
$ 27,220 

Total 
$ 82,412 

At December 31, 2020 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents increased from $39,111,000 on December 31, 2019 to $100,886,000 on 

December 31, 2020.  Federal funds sold amounted to $69,203,000 on December 31, 2020 compared to 
$8,317,000 on December 31, 2019.  Fluctuations in federal funds sold generally are related to fluctuations 
in transactional accounts and professional settlement accounts, and the use of cash and cash equivalents to 
fund loan growth.  The large increase in cash and cash equivalents in 2020 can be directly attributed to the 
growth in deposits as a result of organic growth and PPP loan payoffs received in the fourth quarter of 
2020. 

Investment Securities 

The investment securities portfolio of the Bank is used as a source of income and liquidity. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Bank’s securities portfolio for the periods 

indicated: 

Securities Portfolio 
(dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 
2019 

2020 

2018 

Held-to-maturity 

U.S. agency obligations 

$   4,192 

$   3,861 

$  3,515 

Available-for-sale 
U.S. treasuries 
U.S. agency obligations 
Mortgage - backed securities 
Municipals 
Corporates 

   Total available-for-sale 

$   2,027 
41,320 
15,696 
24,773 
6,369 

$ 90,185 

$   1,964 
32,108 
10,264 
11,222 
4,097 

$ 59,655 

$    1,845 
23,267 
11,876 
12,009 
3,730 

$ 52,727 

Deposited funds are generally invested in overnight vehicles, including federal funds sold, until 

approved loans are funded.  The decision to purchase investment securities is based on several factors or a 
combination thereof, including: 

a) The fact that yields on acceptably rated investment securities (S&P “A” rated or better) are 

significantly better than the overnight federal funds rate; 

b) Whether demand for loan funding exceeds the rate at which deposits are growing, which leads to 

higher or lower levels of surplus cash; 

c) Management’s target of maintaining a minimum of 6% of the Bank’s total assets in a 
combination of federal funds sold and investment securities (aggregate of available-for-sale and held-to-
maturity portfolios); and 

d) Whether the maturity or call schedule meets management’s asset/liability plan. 

Available-for-sale securities (as opposed to held-to-maturity securities) may be liquidated at any 

time as funds are needed to fund loans.  Liquidation of securities may result in a net loss or net gain 
depending on current bond yields available in the primary and secondary markets and the shape of the U.S. 
Treasury yield curve.  Management is cognizant of its credit standards policy and does not feel pressure to 
maintain loan growth at the same levels as deposit growth and thus sacrifice credit quality in order to avoid 
security purchases. 

Management has made the decision to maintain a significant portion of its available funds in liquid 
assets so that funds are available to fund future growth of the loan portfolio.  Management believes that this 
strategy will allow us to maximize interest margins while maintaining appropriate levels of liquidity. 

Securities held-to-maturity at carrying cost decreased from $3,688,000 as of December 31, 2019 to 
$3,671,000 as of December 31, 2020.  This decrease resulted from the amortization of premiums within the 
held-to-maturity portfolio. The decision to invest in securities held-to-maturity is based on the same factors 
as the decision to invest in securities available-for-sale except that management invests surplus funds in 
securities held-to-maturity only after concluding that such funds will not be necessary for liquidity purposes 
during the term of such security.  However, the held-to-maturity securities may be pledged for such 
purposes as short term borrowings and as collateral for public deposits. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The portfolio of securities available-for-sale increased to $90,185,000 as of December 31, 2020 

from $59,655,000 as of December 31, 2019.  The increase is a result of an increase in the fair value of 
available-for-sale securities along with the fact that we purchased more securities available-for-sale than we 
sold or were called.  Out of an abundance of caution, during the first six months of 2020, the Bank sold 
available-for-sale securities to increase cash and cash equivalents in light of the uncertainties surrounding 
the COVID-19 pandemic.  Because the need for additional liquidity did not materialize, the Bank reinvested 
the proceeds.  During 2020, the Bank sold $13,313,000 in available-for-sale securities.  During 2020, the 
Bank purchased $51,150,000 of available-for-sale securities.  The Bank realized $9,837,000 from paydowns 
related to the normal amortization of principal related to the Bank’s mortgage backed securities, calls, and 
maturities. 

The following table shows the maturities of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities at 

amortized cost and fair value at December 31, 2020 and 2019 and approximate weighted average yields of 
such securities.  Yields on state and political subdivision securities are not shown on a tax equivalent basis. 
Financial attempts to maintain diversity in its portfolio and maintain credit quality and repricing terms that 
are consistent with its asset/liability management and investment practices and policies.  For further 
information on Financial’s securities, see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 
of this Form 10-K. 

50 

 
 
 
 
Securities Portfolio Maturity Distribution / Yield Analysis 
(dollars in thousands) 
At December 31, 2020 

Less 
than 
One 
Year 

One to 
Five 
Years 

Five to 
Ten 
Years 

Greater 
than Ten 
Years and 
Other 
Securities 

Total 

$       - 
$       - 

$        - 
$        - 

$        398 
$        452 
2.99% 

 $    3,273  
 $    3,740  
2.99% 

 $    3,671  
 $    4,192  

$       - 
$       - 

  $   2,000 
  $   2,027 
1.38% 

$       - 
$       - 

$        - 
$        - 

$   2,000 
$   2,027 

$       - 
$       - 

$       - 
$       - 

$   501 
$   501 

1.78% 

$       - 
$       - 

$ 4,120 
$ 4,215 
1.00% 

$ 491 
$ 508 
1.76% 

 $  2,948  
 $  3,030  

2.27% 

 $  3,075  
 $  3,242  
2.22% 

 $ 27,244  
 $ 28,243  
1.61% 

 $   3,072  
 $   3,210  
2.25% 

 $   6,126  
 $   6,356  

2.13% 

 $   2,995  
 $   3,127  
4.40% 

 $    8,747    
 $    8,862    
1.60% 

 $    11,898    
 $    11,978    
1.45% 

 $ 40,111  
 $ 41,320  

 $ 15,461  
 $ 15,696  

 $  14,700    
 $  14,886    

 $ 24,275  
 $ 24,773  

2.27% 

 $           -    
 $           -    

 $   6,070  
 $   6,369  

$   501 
$   501 
1.78% 

 $12,634  
 $13,022  
1.68% 

 $ 39,835  
 $ 41,388  
2.06% 

 $  38,618    
 $  39,466    
1.93% 

 $ 91,588  
 $ 94,377  

Held-to-maturity 
U.S. Agency  
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

Available-for-sale securities 
U.S Treasury 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 
U.S. Agency  
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 
Mortgage Backed Securities 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

Municipals 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 

       Weighted average yield 
Corporates 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

Total portfolio 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities Portfolio Maturity Distribution / Yield Analysis 
(dollars in thousands) 
At December 31, 2019 

Less 
than 
One 
Year 

One to 
Five 
Years 

Five to 
Ten 
Years 

Greater 
than Ten 
Years and 
Other 
Securities 

Total 

$       - 
$       - 

$        - 
$        - 

$        - 
$        - 

 $    3,688  
 $    3,861  
2.98% 

 $  3,688  
 $  3,861  

$       - 
$       - 

$       - 
$       - 

 $   1,966 
 $   1,964  
1.77% 

 $ 17,558  
 $ 17,705  
2.32% 

 $   3,897  
 $   3,847  
2.25% 

 $   2,142  
 $   2,145  
2.66% 

 $   2,575  
 $   2,576  
2.37% 

$        - 
$        - 

 $   1,966 
 $   1,964  

 $    11,605    
 $    11,407    
2.21% 

 $ 32,163  
 $ 32,108  

 $    5,576    
 $    5,540    
2.22% 

 $ 10,328  
 $ 10,264  

 $    5,992    
 $    6,076    
2.95% 

 $ 11,118  
 $ 11,222  

 $           -    
 $           -    

 $   4,086  
 $   4,097  

$ 3,000 
$ 2,996 
1.78% 

$ 885 
$ 877 
1.71% 

 $  2,984  
 $  3,001  
2.31% 

 $  1,511  
 $  1,521  
2.14% 

 $8,380  
 $8,395  
2.02% 

 $ 28,108  
 $ 28,237  
2.30% 

 $  26,861    
 $  26,884    
2.48% 

 $ 63,349  
 $ 63,516  

$       - 
$       - 

$       - 
$       - 

$       - 
$       - 

$       - 
$       - 

$       - 
$       - 

Held-to-maturity 
U.S. Agency  
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

Available-for-sale securities 
U.S Treasury 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 
U.S. Agency  
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 
Mortgage Backed Securities 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 
Municipals 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 
Corporates 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

Total portfolio 
       Amortized cost 
       Fair value 
       Weighted average yield 

Cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance 

The Company has funded bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) for a small group of its officers.  The 
Company is the owner and sole beneficiary of the BOLI policies.  As of December 31, 2020, the BOLI had 
a cash surrender value of $16,355,000, an increase of $2,669,000 from the cash surrender value of 
$13,686,000 as of December 31, 2019.  The Company purchased an additional $2,280,000 in BOLI during 
2020.  With the exception of purchases, the value of BOLI increases from the cash surrender values of the 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
pool of insurance.  The increase in cash surrender value is recorded as a component of noninterest income; 
however, the Company does not pay tax on the increase in cash value.  This profitability is used to offset a 
portion of current and future employee benefit costs.  BOLI can be liquidated if necessary with associated 
tax costs. However, the Company intends to hold this pool of insurance, because it provides income that 
enhances the Company’s capital position.  Therefore, the Company has not provided for deferred income 
taxes on the earnings from the increase in cash surrender value. 

Liquidity 

Liquidity represents the ability of a company to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without 

significant loss, and the ability to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. 

The liquidity of Financial depends primarily on Financial’s current assets, available credit, and the 

dividends paid to it by the Bank.  Payment of cash dividends by the Bank is limited by regulations of the 
Federal Reserve Board and is tied to the regulatory capital requirements.  Management believes that 
Financial has sufficient liquidity to meet its current obligations.  See “Capital Resources,” below. 

The objective of liquidity management for the Bank is to ensure the continuous availability of funds 

to meet the demands of depositors, investors and borrowers.  Liquidity management involves monitoring 
the Bank’s sources and uses of funds in order to meet the day-to-day cash flow requirements while 
maximizing profits.  Stable core deposits and a strong capital position are the components of a solid 
foundation for the Bank’s liquidity position.  Liquidity management is made more complicated because 
different balance sheet components are subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the 
timing of maturities of securities held-to-maturity is fairly predictable and subject to a high degree of 
control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net non-maturity deposit inflows and outflows 
are far less predictable and are not subject to the same degree of control. 

Funding sources for the Bank primarily include paid-in capital and customer-based deposits but 

also include borrowed funds and cash flow from operations.  The Bank has in place several agreements that 
will provide alternative sources of funding, including, but not limited to, lines of credit, sale of investment 
securities, purchase of federal funds, advances through the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta 
(“FHLBA”) and correspondents, and brokered certificate of deposit arrangements.  Management believes 
that the Bank has the ability to meet its liquidity needs. 

At December 31, 2020, liquid assets, which include cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing 
deposits with banks, federal funds sold, and securities available-for-sale totaled $191,071,000 as compared 
to $98,766,000 at December 31, 2019.  Management deems liquidity to be sufficient.  Investment securities 
traditionally provide a secondary source of liquidity since they can be converted into cash in a timely 
manner.  However, approximately $22,252,000 (current market value) of these securities are pledged to 
secure public deposits and $8,950,000 (current market value) are pledged to secure unfunded lines of credit.  
In the event any secured line of credit is drawn upon, the related debt would need to be repaid before the 
securities could be sold and converted to cash.   

The COVID-19 pandemic could have a material negative impact on Financial’s short-term or long-
term liquidity.  For example, if customers unexpectedly draw down on existing lines of credit, our liquidity 
could be impacted.  While we have not experienced any unusual pressure on our deposit balances or our 
liquidity position as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, management is closely monitoring our sources 
and uses of funds in order to meet our cash flow requirements while maximizing profits. Based in part on 
recent loan activity including loans made pursuant to the PPP as discussed below under “ASSET 
QUALITY,” the Bank is monitoring liquidity to ensure it is able to fund future loans and withdrawals 
related to the use of PPP funds.  

53 

 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth non-deposit sources of funding: 

Funding Sources 
(dollars in thousands) 

Source 
Federal funds purchased lines (unsecured) 
Federal funds purchased lines (secured) 
Reverse repurchase agreements 
Borrowings from FHLB Atlanta (1) 
   Total 

Capacity 
$   33,000 
8,055 
5,000 
212,366 
$258,421 

December 31, 2020 
  Outstanding 
$        - 
- 
- 
- 
$       - 

Available 

$   33,000 
8,055 
5,000 
212,366 
$258,421 

(1)  Currently the Bank has in place pledged collateral in the amount of approximately $38,500,000 
against which $0 was drawn and outstanding on December 31, 2020.  Additional collateral 
would be required to be pledged in order for the full $212,366,000 to be available. 

At the end of 2020, approximately 35.32%, or $215,110,000 of the loan portfolio would mature or 

could reprice within a one-year period.  At December 31, 2020, non-deposit sources of available funds 
totaled $258,421,000, which included $212,366,000 available from the FHLBA. 

Capital Resources  

Capital adequacy is an important measure of financial stability and performance.  Management’s 

objectives are to maintain a level of capitalization that is sufficient to sustain asset growth and promote 
depositor and investor confidence. 

Regulatory agencies measure capital adequacy utilizing a formula that takes into account the 
individual risk profiles of financial institutions.  The guidelines define capital as Tier 1 (primarily common 
stockholders’ equity, defined to include certain debt obligations) and Tier 2 (remaining capital generally 
consisting of a limited amount of subordinated debt, certain hybrid capital instruments and other debt 
securities, preferred stock and a limited amount of the general valuation allowance for loan losses).  

On June 7, 2012, the Federal Reserve issued a series of proposed rules that would revise and 

strengthen its risk-based and leverage capital requirements and its method for calculating risk-weighted 
assets. The rules were proposed to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel 
Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. On July 2, 2013, the 
Federal Reserve approved certain revisions to the proposals and finalized new capital requirements for 
banking organizations. 

Effective January 1, 2015, the final rules require the Bank to comply with the following minimum 
capital ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a Tier 1 capital 
ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets (unchanged 
from the previous requirement); and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4.0% of total assets. These initial capital 
requirements were phased in over a five-year period.  The phase was completed, as of January 1, 2019 and 
the rules require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets 
of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% common equity Tier 
1 ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 
7.0% upon full implementation), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 
6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio, effectively 
resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation), (iii) a minimum ratio of total 
capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 
8.0% total capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
implementation), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to 
average assets. 

The capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of 

risk-weighted assets, increasing each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital 
conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions 
with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the 
conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the 
amount of the shortfall. 

With respect to the Bank, the rules also revised the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant 
to Section 38 of the FDIA by (i) introducing a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement at each level 
(other than critically undercapitalized), with the required ratio being 6.5% for well-capitalized status; (ii) 
increasing the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement for each category, with the minimum ratio for well-
capitalized status being 8.0% (as compared to the previous 6.0%); and (iii) eliminating the current provision 
that provides that a bank with a composite supervisory rating of 1 may have a 3.0% Tier 1 leverage ratio 
and still be well-capitalized. 

The capital requirements also include changes in the risk weights of assets to better reflect credit 

risk and other risk exposures. These include a 150% risk weight (up from 100%) for certain high volatility 
commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans and nonresidential mortgage loans 
that are 90 days past due or otherwise on non-accrual status, a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor 
for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not 
unconditionally cancellable, a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing rights and deferred 
tax assets that are not deducted from capital, and increased risk-weights (from 0% to up to 600%) for equity 
exposures. 

Pursuant to the Regulatory Relief Act, on September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies 
adopted a final rule regarding a community bank leverage ratio. Under the final rule, which was effective on 
January 1, 2020, depository institutions and depository institution holding companies that have less than 
$10 billion in total consolidated assets and meet other qualifying criteria, including a leverage ratio (equal 
to tier 1 capital divided by average total consolidated assets) of greater than 9 percent, will be eligible to opt 
into the community bank leverage ratio framework (qualifying community banking organizations). 
Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the community bank leverage ratio 
framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than 9 percent will be considered to have satisfied 
the generally applicable risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ capital rules 
(generally applicable rule) and, if applicable, will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio 
requirements for purposes of section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. 

The Bank’s regulatory capital levels exceed those established for well-capitalized institutions. 

The following table (along with Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements) shows the 

minimum capital requirements and the Bank’s capital position as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

55 

 
 
 
 
Analysis of Capital for Bank of the James (Bank only) 
(dollars in thousands) 

Analysis of Capital (in 000's) 

December 31, 
2020 

December 31,   
2019 

Tier 1 capital 
   Common Stock 
   Surplus 
   Retained earnings 
   Total Tier 1 capital 

$             3,742  
 22,325  
 44,621  
$           70,688  

$            3,742  
 22,325  
 40,194  
$          66,261  

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) 

$           70,688  

$          66,261  

Tier 2 capital 
   Allowance for loan losses 

Total Tier 2 capital: 
Total risk-based capital 

Risk weighted assets 
Average total assets 

$             7,156  

$            4,829  

$             7,156  
$           77,844  

$            4,829  
$          71,090  

$         635,445  
$         853,558  

$        616,269  
$        725,395  

Capital Ratios: 
   Tier 1 capital to average total assets 
   Common Equity Tier 1 capital 
   Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 
   Total risk-based capital ratio 

Actual 

December 31, 
2020 

December 31,   
2019 

Regulatory Benchmarks 
For Well 
  Capitalized 
Purposes 

For Capital 
Adequacy 
Purposes (1) 

8.28%  
11.12%  
11.12%  
12.25%  

9.13%  
10.75%  
10.75%  
11.54%  

4.000%  
7.000%  
8.500%  
10.500%  

5.000% 
6.500% 
8.000% 
10.000% 

(1) 

Includes capital conservation buffer of 2.5%, where applicable. 

During the first quarter of 2017, Financial closed a private placement of unregistered debt securities 

(the “2017 Offering”) pursuant to which Financial issued $5,000,000 in principal of notes (the “2017 
Notes”).  The 2017 Notes were scheduled to mature on January 24, 2022, but were subject to prepayment in 
whole or in part on or after January 24, 2018 at Financial’s sole discretion on 30 days written notice to the 
holders.  The Company contributed $3,000,000 of the proceeds from the 2017 Offering to the Bank as 
additional paid in capital.  The remainder of the proceeds were retained at the parent level to service the 
debt and pay dividends. 

On April 13, 2020, the Company commenced a private placement of unregistered debt securities 

(the “2020 Offering”).  In the 2020 Offering, the Company sold and closed $10,050,000 in principal of 
notes (the “2020 Notes”) during the 2nd and 3rd quarters of 2020.  The 2020 Offering officially ended on 
July 8, 2020.  The 2020 Notes will bear interest at the rate of 3.25% per year with interest payable quarterly 
in arrears.  The 2020 Notes will mature on September 30, 2025 and are subject to full or partial repayment 
on or after September 30, 2021.  The balance of the 2020 Notes as presented on the December 31, 2020 
consolidated balance sheet is net of unamortized issuance costs. 

On September 24, 2020 the Bank used $5,000,000 of the proceeds for the payment of principal of 

the 2017 Notes.  The Company intends to use the balance of the proceeds from the 2020 Offering for 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
general corporate purposes in the discretion of Company’s management such as payment of interest on the 
2020 Notes and as a contribution of additional capital to the Bank.   

The capital ratios set forth in the above tables state the capital position and analysis for the Bank 
only.  Because total assets on a consolidated basis are less than $3 billion, Financial is not subject to the 
consolidated capital requirements imposed by the Bank Holding Company Act.  Consequently, Financial 
does not calculate its financial ratios on a consolidated basis. If calculated, the capital ratios for the 
Company on a consolidated basis would be slightly lower than the capital ratios of the Bank because the of 
the Company’s decision to contribute $3,000,000 in proceeds from the 2017 Offering to the Bank.  

Stockholders’ Equity 

Stockholders’ equity increased by $5,287,000 from $61,445,000 on December 31, 2019 to 

$66,732,000 on December 31, 2020 because of net income of $4,980,000, less cash dividends paid, plus 
other comprehensive income for the period. 

ASSET QUALITY 

We perform monthly reviews of all delinquent loans and loan officers are charged with working 

with customers to resolve potential payment issues.  We generally classify a loan as non-accrual when 
interest is deemed uncollectible or when the borrower is 90 days or more past due.  We generally restore a 
loan if i) a borrower is no longer 90 days past due on the loan and the borrower has demonstrated the 
capacity to repay the loan for six consecutive months or ii) the loan committee of the Board of Directors 
determines that a borrower has the capacity to repay the loan.   

Non-accrual loans increased to $2,063,000 on December 31, 2020 from $1,301,000 on December 

31, 2019.  As set forth in tabular form below, total charge-offs during 2020 were $448,000 compared to 
$363,000 in 2019. 

We also classify other real estate owned (OREO) as a nonperforming asset.  OREO is the value of 

real property acquired by the Bank following default by the borrower.  During the twelve months ended 
December 31, 2020 the Bank acquired one (1) OREO property and disposed of eight (8) OREO properties, 
wrote down an additional $437,000 and, as of December 31, 2020 is carrying three (3) OREO properties at 
a value of $1,105,000, as compared to ten (10) properties with a value of $2,339,000 as of December 31, 
2019.  The OREO properties are available for sale and are being actively marketed on the Bank’s website 
and through other means. The following table represents the changes in OREO balance in 2020 and 2019. 

OREO Changes 
(Dollars in Thousands) 

Balance at the beginning of the year (net) 
Transfers from Loans 
Capitalized costs 
Valuation Adjustment 
Sales proceeds 
Gain (loss) on disposition 
Balance at the end of the year (net) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2020 
$      2,339 
18 
- 
(437) 
(844) 
29 
$   1,105 

2019 
$      2,430 
785 
- 
(287) 
(570) 
(19) 
$   2,339 

Non-accrual loans plus OREO decreased to $3,168,000 on December 31, 2020 from $3,640,000 on 

December 31, 2019, a decrease of 12.94%. 

We also classify troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) as both performing and nonperforming assets.  

We measure impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
effective interest rate of the loan or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair 
value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  We maintain a valuation allowance to the extent 
that the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment.  TDRs occur when we agree to 
significantly modify the original terms of a loan by granting a concession due to the deterioration in the 
financial condition of the borrower. TDRs are considered impaired loans.  These concessions typically are 
made for loss mitigation purposes and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, 
forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions.  Performing TDRs decreased to $392,000 on 
December 31, 2020 from $410,000 on December 31, 2019. 

The following table sets forth the number of outstanding TDR contracts and the total amount of the 

Bank’s TDRs as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

Troubled Debt Restructurings 
(Dollars in Thousands) 

Number of performing TDR contracts 
Number of nonperforming TDR contracts 
   Total number of TDR contracts 

December 31, 

2020 

2019 

3 
- 
3 

3 
- 
3 

Amount of performing TDR contracts 
Amount of nonperforming TDR contracts  
   Total amount of TDRs contracts 

$      392 
 - 
$      392 

$      410 
 - 
$      410 

The amount allocated during the year to the provision for loan losses represents management’s 

analysis of the existing loan portfolio and credit risks.  Management’s policy is to maintain the allowance 
for loan losses at a level sufficient to absorb the estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  Both the 
amount of the provision and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, 
including general economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, loan performance measures, 
historical trends and specific conditions of the individual borrower. 

In performing its loan loss analysis, the Bank assigns a risk rating to each commercial loan in the 

Bank’s portfolio. 

The Bank’s allowance for loan losses increased 48.19% from $4,829,000 on December 31, 2019 to 

$7,156,000 on December 31, 2020, primarily due to an increase in the general reserves which was 
minimally offset by a decrease in the specific reserve, both of which are discussed in the following 
paragraph. The general reserve component increased significantly as compared to the prior year end.  
Management intends to continue to be proactive in quantifying and mitigating the ongoing risk associated 
with all asset classes.  Management has provided for the anticipated losses on its non-accrual loans through 
specific impairment in the allowance for loan losses.   

At December 31, 2020, the allowance for loan losses was 1.17% of total loans outstanding, versus 

0.84% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2019.  The allowance to total loans, excluding PPP loans, 
increased to 1.25% at December 31, 2020.  Because the PPP loans are guaranteed in full by the U.S. Small 
Business Administration, management determined that these loans should be excluded from the calculation.  
At December 31, 2020, management believed the allowance for loan losses was at a level commensurate 
with the overall risk exposure of the loan portfolio. However, if economic conditions continue to deteriorate 
due to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain borrowers may experience difficulty and the level of 
nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require increases in the allowance for 
loan losses. The process of identifying potential credit losses is a subjective process. Therefore, the 
Company maintains a general reserve to cover credit losses within the portfolio. The methodology 
management uses to determine the adequacy of the loan loss reserve includes the considerations below. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Despite the relatively small decrease in individual loan impairment, our general reserves (ASC 450) 
increased in all loan segments.  The increase was largely driven by increased qualitative factor adjustments 
related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, primarily in relation to the economy and loans which received 
principal and/or interest deferrals during 2020.  The relatively small decline in specific reserves was the 
result of a slight decline in impaired loan balances as well as management’s ongoing evaluation of loans for 
impairment. 

No non-accrual loans were excluded from impaired loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019.  If 

interest on these loans had been accrued, such income cumulatively would have approximated $158,000 
and $207,000 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.  Loan payments received on 
non-accrual loans are applied to principal.  When a loan is placed on non-accrual status there are several 
negative implications.  First, all interest accrued but unpaid at the time of the classification is deducted from 
the interest income totals for the Bank.  Second, accruals of interest are discontinued until it becomes 
certain that both principal and interest can be repaid.  Third, there may be actual losses that necessitate 
additional provisions for credit losses charged against earnings.  These loans were included in the 
nonperforming loan totals listed below.  The following table sets forth the detail of loans charged-off, 
recovered, and the changes in the allowance for loan losses as of the dates indicated: 

Allowance for Loan Losses 
(dollars in thousands) 
At December 31, 

Balance, beginning of period 
Loans charged-off: 
   Commercial 
   Commercial real estate 
   Consumer 
   Residential 
Total loans charged off 

Recoveries: 
   Commercial 
   Commercial real estate 
   Consumer 
   Residential 
Total recoveries 

Net charge-offs 
Provision for loan losses 
Balance, end of period 

2020 
$  4,829 

2019 
$  4,581 

96 
224 
75 
53 
$   448 

$          20 
139 
53 
15 
$      227 

$      221 
2,548 
$  7,156 

106 
26 
189 
42 
$   363 

$        35 
5 
44 
4 
$      88 

$      275 
523 
$  4,829 

2018 
$  4,752 

395 
230 
405 
34 
$   1,064 

$      113 
4 
60 
- 
$      177 

$      887 
716 
$  4,581 

2017 
$  5,716 

2016 
$  4,683 

1,652 
91 
246 
105 
$   2,094 

328 
156 
275 
- 
$   759 

$          6 
41 
51 
39 
$      137 

  $          7 
127 
44 
2 
  $      180 

$   1,957 
993 
$  4,752 

  $      579 
1,612 
$  5,716 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the balance and percentage of the Bank’s allowance for loan losses 

allocated to each major category of loans: 

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses 
(dollars in thousands) 
At December 31, 

2020 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

Percent 
of Loans 
to Total 
Loans 
23.83% 

Amount 
$2,001 

Percent 
of Loans 
to Total 
Loans 
19.76% 

Percent 
of Loans 
to Total 
Loans 

17.38% 

Amount 
$ 1,264 

Percent 
of Loans 
to Total 
Loans 
19.39% 

Amount 
$1,136 

Amount 
$ 2,192 

Percent 
of Loans 
to Total 
Loans 
18,74% 

Amount 
$1,330 

3,550 
868 
737 
$ 7,156 

50.82% 
15.16% 
10.19% 
100.00% 

1,932 
865 
702 
$ 4,829 

52.57% 
15.56% 
12.11% 
100.00% 

1,831 
956 
658 
$ 4,581 

54.09% 
16.12% 
12.41% 
100.00% 

1,738 
1,172 
578 
$ 4,752 

50.79% 
16.89% 
12.93% 
100.00% 

2,109 
954 
461 
$ 5,716 

50.55% 
18.10% 
12.61% 
100.00% 

Commercial  
Commercial – 
real estate  

Consumer 
Residential 

The following table provides information on the Bank’s nonperforming assets as of the dates 

indicated: 

Non-accrual loans 
Foreclosed property (OREO) 
Loans past due 90 days 
accruing interest 

Total nonperforming assets 

Restructured loans – 
performing portion (TDR) 

Allowance for loan losses to 

period end loans 
Nonperforming assets to 
period end loans 

Net charge-offs to average 

loans 

Allowance for loan losses to 
non-performing loans 

Nonperforming Assets 
(dollars in thousands) 
At December 31, 

2020 
$    2,063 
1,105 

- 
$    3,168 

2019 
$    1,301 
2,339 

2018 
$    2,939 
2,430 

2017 
  $   4,309 
2,650 

- 
$    3,640 

- 
$    5,369 

- 
  $   6,959 

2016 
$   2,550 
2,370 

- 
$   4,920 

$      392 

$       410 

$       424 

$     440 

$     455 

1.17% 

0.52% 

0.04% 

0.84% 

0.86% 

0.96% 

0.63% 

1.00% 

1.40% 

0.05% 

0.17% 

0.40% 

1.22% 

1.05% 

0.13% 

346.71% 

371.18% 

155.87% 

  110.28% 

224.16% 

Asset Quality as it Relates to COVID-19 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we anticipate that our commercial, commercial real estate, 

residential and consumer borrowers will continue to encounter economic difficulties, which could lead to 
increases in our levels of nonperforming assets, impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings.  Any 
potential financial impacts are unknown at this time. 

We have developed relief programs to assist borrowers in financial need due to the effects of the 

COVID-19 pandemic.  Accordingly, we offered short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
certain borrowers who were current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, 
modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, deferral of 
principal only (interest only payments), or other delays in payment that are insignificant. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Bank modified a total of 191 loans.  The principal 

balances of these loans on December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $95 million. As of December 31, 
2020, 4 of the 191 previously modified loans remain in deferment. The principal balance of these 4 loans is 
approximately $7.06 million, which represents 1.16% of the total loan portfolio. Of the total deferrals, 3 
loans, or approximately $6.8 million, are for deferrals of principal only and 1 loan, or approximately 
$270,000, is for principal and interest deferment. 

If a customer requests a second modification, an extensive evaluation of the circumstances 
surrounding the need for the request is conducted.  Procedurally, a commercial borrower will be required to 
present financial forecasts, proof of business sustainability, and verification of sources of repayment to the 
primary loan officer, the Chief Lending Officer, and the Chief Credit Officer before a second deferral is 
granted.  Retail borrowers are also required to submit in writing the reason for the need for a second 
deferral request before an additional deferral is granted.  Relationships whose situations do not warrant a 
second deferral will most likely be downgraded and subsequently evaluated for specific impairment within 
the allowance for loan loss.  We are not currently evaluating any relationships, for second deferrals. 

In accordance with the relief provisions of the CARES Act and the March 22, 2020 (revised April 
2020) Joint Interagency Regulatory Guidance, the above modifications were not considered to be troubled 
debt restructurings and were excluded from the TDR discussion above.  The TDR relief provisions provided 
for by the CARES Act were extended in December 2020 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act through 
the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the national COVID-19 emergency terminates. 

Management has reviewed loan segments that it believes could be adversely impacted by the 

COVID-19 pandemic, and identified the following segments: assisted living, education/childcare, 
entertainment, hospitality, oil & gas (gas stations), religious/charitable, restaurants, retail & services.  At 
December 31, 2020, the loan balances in those segments were as follows: 

Industry 
Assisted Living 
Education/Childcare 
Entertainment 
Hospitality 
Oil & Gas (Gas Stations) 
Religious/Charitable 
Restaurants 
Retail & Services 
Total 

Principal Balance (in 
thousands) 

$       6,228 
         7,518 
6,885 
15,399 
251 
19,748 
16,599 
9,098 
$      81,726 

Number 
of Loans 
10 
15 
23 
8 
8 
40 
47 
45 
196 

Percent of 
Total Loan 
Portfolio 

1.02% 
1.23% 
1.13% 
2.53% 
0.04% 
3.24% 
2.73% 
1.49% 
13.42% 

Management continues to closely monitor loans in these categories. 

Interest Rate Sensitivity 

The most important element of asset/liability management is the monitoring of Financial’s 

sensitivity to interest rate movements.  The income stream of Financial is subject to risk resulting from 
interest rate fluctuations to the extent there is a difference between the amount of Financial’s interest 
earning assets and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities that prepay, mature or reprice in specified 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
periods.  Management’s goal is to maximize net interest income with acceptable levels of risk to changes in 
interest rates.  Management seeks to meet this goal by influencing the maturity and re-pricing 
characteristics of the various lending and deposit taking lines of business and by managing discretionary 
balance sheet asset and liability portfolios. 

Management also is attempting to mitigate interest rate risk by limiting the dollar amount of loans 
carried on its balance sheet that have fixed rates in excess of five years.  To reduce our exposure to interest 
rate risks inherent with longer term fixed rate loans, we generally do not hold such mortgages on our books.  
The Bank established the Mortgage Division to serve potential customers that desired fixed rate loans in 
excess of five years. 

Management monitors interest rate levels on a daily basis and meets in the form of an Enterprise 
Risk Management and Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) meeting at least quarterly, or when a special 
situation arises (e.g., FOMC unscheduled rate change).  The following reports and/or tools are used to 
assess the current interest rate environment and its impact on Financial’s earnings and liquidity: monthly 
and year-to-date net interest margin and spread calculations, monthly and year-to-date balance sheet and 
income statements versus budget (including quarterly interest rate shock analysis), quarterly economic 
value of equity analysis, a weekly survey of rates offered by other local competitive institutions, and gap 
analysis which matches maturities or repricing dates of interest sensitive assets to those of interest sensitive 
liabilities. 

Financial currently subscribes to computer simulated modeling tools made available through its 

consultant, FinPro, Inc., to aid in asset/liability analysis.  In addition to monitoring by ALCO, the board is 
informed of the current asset/liability position and its potential effect on earnings at least quarterly. 

Other Borrowings 

Financial uses borrowing in conjunction with deposits to fund lending and investing activities.  

Borrowings include funding of a short and long-term nature.   

Short-term borrowings consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which are secured 

transactions with customers and generally mature the day following the date sold. short-term borrowings 
may also include federal funds purchased, which are unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial 
institutions, which totaled $0 as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  Unsecured federal funds 
lines and their respective limits are maintained with the following institutions:  Community Bankers’ Bank, 
$13,000,000, PNC Bank $6,000,000, First National Bankers’ Bank, $10,000,000, and Zions Bank, 
$4,000,000.  In addition, the Bank maintains a $5,000,000 reverse repurchase agreement with Truist Bank 
whereby securities may be pledged as collateral in exchange for funds for a minimum of 30 days with a 
maximum of 90 days.  The Bank also maintains a secured federal funds line with Community Bankers’ 
Bank whereby it may pledge securities as collateral with no specified minimum or maximum amount or 
term.  The amount outstanding on the Community Bankers’ Bank secured fed funds line was $0 as of 
December 31, 2020 and 2019.   

Long-term borrowings may be obtained through the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta 

(“FHLBA”).  The Bank’s remaining available credit through the FHLBA was $212,366,000 as of December 
31, 2020, the most recent calculation.  Currently the Bank has in place pledged collateral in the amount of 
approximately $38,500,000 against which $0 was drawn and outstanding on December 31, 2020.  
Additional collateral would be required to be pledged in order for the full $212,366,000 to be available. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

At December 31, 2020, the Bank had rate lock commitments to originate mortgage loans through its 

Mortgage Division amounting to approximately $34,952,000 and loans held for sale of $7,102,000.  The 
Bank recorded $425,000 in other assets in relation to its interest rate lock commitments at December 31, 

62 

 
 
2020.  The Bank has entered into corresponding commitments with third party investors to sell each of 
these loans that close.  No other obligation exists. 

The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of 

business to meet the financing needs of its customers.  These financial instruments include commitments to 
extend credit and standby letters of credit.  Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of 
credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.   

The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the 

financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the 
contractual amount of those instruments.  The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments 
and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.  A summary of the Bank’s 
commitments is as follows:  

Contract Amounts  
(dollars in thousands) at 
December 31, 

2020 
$  152,834 
3,552 
$ 156,386 

2019 
$  134,186 
3,469 
$ 137,655 

Commitments to extend credit 
Standby letters of credit 
Total 

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation 

of any condition established in the contract.  Because many of the commitments are expected to expire 
without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash 
requirements.  The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of 
credit, is based on its credit evaluation of the customer. 

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the 
performance of a customer to a third party.  Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and 
private borrowing arrangements.  The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same 
as that involved in extending loans to customers.  Collateral is required in instances which the Bank deems 
necessary.  

Management does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions. 

The Bank rents, under non-cancelable leases eight of its banking facilities and one mortgage 

production office.  “Note 23 – Leases” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides 
information on the Company’s liability under the Company’s leases of significance. 

Expansion Plans 

Subject to regulatory approval, the Bank anticipates opening additional branches during the next 
two fiscal years.  Although numerous factors could influence the Bank’s expansion plans, the following 
discussion provides a general overview of the real property the Bank is holding for potential branch 
expansion.  

Boonsboro Road, (Lynchburg), Virginia.  In 2020 the Bank has purchased a building that formerly 

operated as a branch bank for another institution located at 4501 Boonsboro Road, Lynchburg, Virginia 
24503.  While the Bank does not anticipate opening a branch at this location until 2022, the Bank believes 
the investment needed to upfit this property will be minimal and primarily related to aesthetics due to the 
fact this location was a former bank branch. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Timberlake Road Area, Campbell County (Lynchburg), Virginia.  As previously disclosed, the 

Bank has purchased certain undeveloped real property located at the intersection of Turnpike and 
Timberlake Roads, Campbell County, Virginia.  The Bank has not determined when it will open a branch at 
this location.  The Bank has determined that the existing structure is not suitable for use as a bank branch. 

The Bank estimates that the cost of improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment necessary to 

upfit the property at the undeveloped Timberlake location will be between $900,000 and $1,500,000. 

Although the Bank cannot predict with certainty the financial impact of each new branch, 
management generally anticipates that each new branch will become profitable within 12 to 18 months of 
opening. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their effect on us, see “Impact of 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 
of this Form 10-K. 

Item 7A. 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk   

Not applicable 

Item 8. 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report:  

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Consolidated Financial Statements  

Balance Sheets, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019  

Statements of Income, Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 

Statements of Comprehensive Income, Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 
2019 

Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019  

Statements of Cash Flows, Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

64 

 
 
 
MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL 
REPORTING   

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements 
included in this annual report.  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management’s 
judgments and estimates concerning effects of events and transactions that are accounted for or disclosed.  

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting.  Financial’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that 
pertain to Financial’s ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable financial data. Management 
recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control over financial 
reporting, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal control.  
Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance 
with respect to financial statement preparation.  Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness 
of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.  

In order to ensure that Financial’s internal control over financial reporting is effective, management 
regularly assesses such controls and did so most recently for its financial reporting as of December 31, 
2020.  This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described 
in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) in 
2013, by the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that the internal 
control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.  

This annual report does not include an attestation report of Financial’s registered public accounting firm 
regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by 
Financial’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission that permit Financial to provide only management’s report in the annual report.  

The Board of Directors, acting through its Audit Committee, is responsible for the oversight of Financial’s 
accounting policies, financial reporting and internal control.  The Audit Committee of the Board of 
Directors is comprised entirely of outside directors who are independent of management.  The Audit 
Committee is responsible for the appointment and compensation of the independent registered public 
accounting firm and approves decisions regarding the appointment or removal of Financial’s Internal 
Auditor.  It meets periodically with management, the independent registered public accounting firm and the 
internal auditors to ensure that they are carrying out their responsibilities.  The Audit Committee is also 
responsible for performing an oversight role by reviewing and monitoring the financial, accounting and 
auditing procedures of Financial in addition to reviewing Financial’s financial reports.  The independent 
registered public accounting firm and the internal auditors have full and unlimited access to the Audit 
Committee, with or without management, to discuss the adequacy of internal control over financial 
reporting, and any other matter which they believe should be brought to the attention of the Audit 
Committee.  

/s/  Robert R. Chapman III 
Chief Executive Officer & President 
March 29, 2021 

/s/ J. Todd Scruggs 
Secretary-Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) 
March 29, 2021 

65 

 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors  
Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. 
Lynchburg, Virginia 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. and its 
subsidiaries  (the  Company)  as  of  December  31,  2020  and  2019,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income, 
comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes 
to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  (collectively,  the  financial  statements).  In  our  opinion,  the  financial 
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 
2019,  and  the  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows for  the  years  then  ended,  in conformity  with  accounting 
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Basis for Opinion 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with 
respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the 
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, 
an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding 
of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, 
whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  performing  procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included 
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also 
included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as 
evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis 
for our opinion. 

Critical Audit Matters 
The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  financial 
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to 
accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging, 
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion 

66 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
on  the  financial  statements, taken  as  a  whole,  and  we  are  not,  by  communicating  the  critical  audit  matter  below, 
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 

Allowance for Loan Losses – General Component – Qualitative Factors 

Description of the Matter 
As described in Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses) 
to the consolidated financial statements, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses to provide for probable 
losses inherent in its loan portfolio.  At December 31, 2020, the allowance for loan losses totaled $7,156,000, consisting 
of specific and general components. The general component of the allowance totaled $7,152,000 at December 31, 
2020, and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The qualitative factors are described 
in Note 2 and are determined based on management’s ongoing evaluation of the factors, which may impact the quality 
of the Company’s loan portfolio.   

Management exercised significant judgment when assessing the qualitative factors used in estimating the allowance 
for  loan  losses.  We  identified  the  assessment  of  the  qualitative  factors  as  a  critical  audit  matter  as  auditing  the 
qualitative  factors  involved  especially  complex  and  subjective  auditor  judgment  in  evaluating  management’s 
assessment of the inherently subjective estimates.   

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit 
The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

Substantively  testing  management’s  process,  including  evaluating  their  judgments  and  assumptions  for 
developing the qualitative factors, which included: 
Evaluating the completeness and accuracy of data inputs used as a basis for the qualitative factors. 
Evaluating  the  reasonableness  of  management’s  judgments  related  to  the  determination  of  qualitative 
factors. 
Evaluating the qualitative factors for directional consistency and for reasonableness. 
Testing the mathematical accuracy of the allowance calculation, including the application of the qualitative 
factors. 

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. 

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006. 

Winchester, Virginia 
March 29, 2021 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Assets 

Cash and due from banks 
Federal funds sold 
   Total cash and cash equivalents 

December 31, 
2020 

December 31, 
2019 

$                 31,683  
 69,203  
 100,886  

$                 30,794 
 8,317 
 39,111 

Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $4,192 in 2020 and $3,861 in 
2019) 

Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 
Restricted stock, at cost 

 3,671  

 90,185  
 1,551  

 3,688 

 59,655 
 1,506 

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $7,156 in 2020 and $4,829 in 
2019 
Loans held for sale 
Premises and equipment, net 
Interest receivable  
Cash value - bank owned life insurance 
Other real estate owned 
Other assets 
   Total assets 

 601,934  
 7,102  
 16,982  
 2,350  
 16,355  
 1,105  
 9,265  
$               851,386  

 573,274 
 4,221 
 16,698 
 1,866 
 13,686 
 2,339 
 9,350 
$               725,394 

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 

Deposits 
   Noninterest bearing demand 
   NOW, money market and savings 
   Time 
Total deposits 

Capital notes 
Interest payable 
Other liabilities 
   Total liabilities 
Commitments and Contingencies 

Stockholders' equity 

$               143,345  
 463,506  
 158,116  
 764,967  

$                 93,936 
 362,821 
 192,702 
 649,459 

 10,027  
 85  
 9,575  
$               784,654  

 5,000 
 173 
 9,317 
$               663,949 

Preferred stock; authorized 1,000,000 shares; none issued and 
outstanding 

$                           -  

$                           - 

68 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

2020 

2019 

Common stock $2.14 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued and 
outstanding 4,339,436 and 4,357,436 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 
Additional paid-in-capital 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
Total stockholders' equity 

 9,286  
 30,989  
 24,665  
 1,792  
$                 66,732  

 9,325 
 31,225 
 20,900 
 (5) 
$                 61,445 

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 

$               851,386  

$               725,394 

69 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Interest Income 
   Loans 
   Securities 

     US Government and agency obligations 
     Mortgage backed securities 
     Municipals - taxable 
     Municipals - tax-exempt 
     Dividends 
     Other (Corporates) 
   Interest bearing deposits 
   Federal Funds sold 
     Total interest income 

Interest Expense 
   Deposits 
     NOW, money market savings 
     Time Deposits 
   Finance leases 
   Capital notes 
    Total interest expense 

     Net interest income 

Provision for loan losses 

     Net interest income after provision for loan losses 

Noninterest income 
   Gain on sales of loans held for sale 

   Service charges, fees and commissions 

Life insurance income 
   Other 

   Gain on sales and calls of securities, net 

     Total noninterest income 

Noninterest expenses 
   Salaries and employee benefits 
   Occupancy 
   Equipment 
   Supplies 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$                 28,021  

$                 27,559 

 690  
 217  
 361  
 11  
 78  
 117  
 89  
 102  
 29,686  

 804  
 3,348  
 115  
 273  
 4,540  

 25,146  

 2,548  

 22,598  

 7,812  

 2,033  

 436  
 50  

 644  

 10,975  

 15,430  
 1,638  
 2,350  
 479  

 755 
 220 
 312 
 3 
 93 
 94 
 326 
 454 
 29,816 

 1,537 
 3,456 
 71 
 200 
 5,264 

 24,552 

 523 

 24,029 

 4,254 

 1,785 

 679 
 76 

 394 

 7,188 

 13,092 
 1,655 
 2,107 
 597 

70 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)  

   Professional, data processing, and other outside expense 
   Marketing 
   Credit expense 
   Other real estate expenses 
   FDIC insurance expense 
   Other 
     Total noninterest expenses 

     Income before income taxes 

     Income tax expense 

     Net Income 

 3,691  
 667  
 1,112  
 443  
 336  
 1,248  
 27,394  

 6,179  

 1,199 

 3,432 
 866 
 653 
 366 
 226 
 1,289 
 24,283 

 6,934 

 1,329 

$                   4,980  

$                   5,605 

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 

 4,341,575  

 4,375,814 

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 

 4,341,575  

 4,381,597 

Earnings per common share - basic 

$                     1.15  

$                     1.28 

Earnings per common share - diluted 

$                     1.15  

$                     1.28 

71 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
(dollars in thousands)  

Net Income 
Other comprehensive income: 
   Unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale 
   Tax effect 
   Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (1) 
   Tax effect (2) 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$          4,980   

$          5,605  

 2,918   
 (612)  
 (644)  
 135   
 1,797   

 3,227  
 (678) 
 (394) 
 83  
 2,238  

Comprehensive income 

$          6,777   

$          7,843  

(1)  Gains are included in “gain on sales and calls of available-for-sale securities, net” on the consolidated statements of 

income. 

(2)  The tax effect on these reclassifications is reflected in “income tax expense” on the consolidated statements of income. 

72 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
(dollars in thousands except per share amounts) 

Additional  

Accumulated 
Other 

Shares 

Outstanding   Stock 

 Common  Paid-in  Retained  Comprehensive 
Capital  Earnings  Income (Loss) 

Total 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

 4,378,436  $      9,370 $     31,495 $     16,521 $             (2,243) $       55,143 

Net Income 

Dividends paid on common stock 
($0.28 per share) 

 -  

 -  

 - 

 - 

 - 

 5,605 

 - 

 (1,226) 

Repurchase of common stock 

 (21,000)  

 (45) 

 (270) 

Other comprehensive income 

 -  

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 5,605 

 (1,226) 

 (315) 

 2,238 

 2,238 

Balance at December 31, 2019 

 4,357,436  $      9,325 $     31,225 $     20,900 $                    (5) $       61,445 

Net Income 

Dividends paid on common stock 
($0.28 per share) 

 -  

 -  

 - 

 - 

 - 

 4,980 

 - 

 (1,215) 

Repurchase of common stock 

 (18,000)  

 (39) 

 (236) 

Other comprehensive income 

 -  

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 - 

 4,980 

 (1,215) 

 (275) 

 1,797 

 1,797 

Balance at December 31, 2020 

 4,339,436  $      9,286 $     30,989 $     24,665  $              1,792 $       66,732 

73 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(dollars in thousands) 

Cash flows from operating activities 
   Net Income 

   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
   Depreciation and amortization 
   Stock based compensation expense 

   Net amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on securities 
   Amortization of debt issuance costs 
   (Gain) on sales of available-for-sale securities 
   (Gain) on sales of loans held for sale 
   Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 
   Origination of loans held for sale 
   Provision for loan losses 
   (Gain) loss on sale of other real estate owned 
   Impairment of other real estate owned 
   Benefit for deferred income taxes 
   Bank owned life insurance income 
   (Increase) in interest receivable 
   Decrease (increase) in other assets 
   (Decrease) increase in interest payable 
   Increase in other liabilities 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$                    4,980   

$                    5,605  

 2,029   
 106   

 405   
 2   
 (644)  
 (7,812)  
 303,085   
 (298,154)  
 2,548   
 (29)  
 437   
 (838)  
 (436)  
 (484)  
 (474)  
 (88)  
 566   

 1,666  
 106  

 398  
 - 
 (394) 
 (4,254) 
 165,097  
 (163,394) 
 523  
 19  
 287  
 (17) 
 (679) 
 (124) 
 421  
 46  
 286  

     Net cash provided by operating activities 

$                    5,199   

$                    5,592  

Cash flows from investing activities 
   Purchases of securities available-for-sale 

   Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of securities available-for-sale 
   Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale 
   Purchases of bank owned life insurance 
   Life insurance proceeds 
   Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock 
   Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned 
   Origination of loans, net of principal collected 
   Purchases of premises and equipment 

$                 (51,150)  

$                 (16,991) 

 9,837   
 13,313   
 (2,280)  
 405   
 (45)  
 844   
 (31,226)  
 (1,751)  

 3,171  
 9,733  
 - 
 - 
 (44) 
 570  
 (44,566) 
 (4,398) 

     Net cash (used in) investing activities 

$                 (62,053)  

$                 (52,525) 

74 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(dollars in thousands) 

Cash flows from financing activities 
   Net increase in deposits 
   Principal payments on finance lease obligations 
   Repurchase of common stock 
   Dividends paid to common stockholders 
   Proceeds from sale of capital notes, net of issuance costs 
   Retirement of capital notes 

2020 

2019 

$                115,508   
 (414)  
 (275)  
 (1,215)  
 10,025   
 (5,000)  

$                  37,416  
 (156) 
 (315) 
 (1,226) 
 - 
 - 

     Net cash provided by financing activities 

$                118,629   

$                  35,719  

     Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

 61,775   

 (11,214) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

$                  39,111   

$                  50,325  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

$                100,886   

$                  39,111  

Non cash transactions 
   Transfer of loans to other real estate owned 
   Fair value adjustment for securities available-for-sale 
   Lease liabilities arising from right-of-use assets 

Cash transactions 
   Cash paid for interest 
   Cash paid for income taxes 

$                         18   
 2,274   
 -  

$                       785  
 2,833  
 6,373  

$                    4,628   
 1,585   

$                    5,218  
 120  

75 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 1 – Organization 

Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. (“Financial” or the “Company”), a Virginia corporation, was organized 
in 2003 and is registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.  
Financial is headquartered in Lynchburg, Virginia.  Financial conducts its business activities through the branch 
offices and loan production offices of its wholly owned subsidiary bank, Bank of the James (the “Bank”), the 
Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, BOTJ Insurance, Inc. (“BOTJ-Ins.”), and through the Bank’s two divisions, 
Bank of the James Mortgage division (“Mortgage Division”) and BOTJ Investment Services division 
(“Investment Division”).  The Mortgage Division originates conforming and non-conforming home mortgages in 
the Region 2000 area, which includes the counties of Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford and Campbell (which 
includes the Town of Altavista and the county seat in Rustburg), the Town of Bedford and the City of Lynchburg, 
Virginia, as well as the cities of Charlottesville, Harrisonburg, Lexington, Roanoke, and Blacksburg.  Financial 
exists primarily for the purpose of holding the stock of its subsidiaries, the Bank and such other subsidiaries as it 
may acquire or establish.  Financial also has one wholly-owned non-operating subsidiary. 

Bank of the James was incorporated on October 23, 1998, and began banking operations on July 22, 1999.  The 
Bank is a Virginia chartered bank and is engaged in lending and deposit gathering activities in Region 2000 and 
other markets in Central Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley.  It operates under the laws of Virginia and the 
Rules and Regulations of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.  The 
Bank’s locations consist of four branches (one of which is a limited service branch) in Lynchburg, Virginia, one in 
Forest, Virginia which includes the Mortgage Division, one in Madison Heights, Virginia, one in the Town of 
Amherst, Virginia, one in the Town of Bedford, Virginia, one in the Town of Altavista, Virginia, and one in the 
Town of Appomattox.  Outside of Region 2000, the Bank also operates two full-service branches and one limited-
service branch in Charlottesville, Virginia, a full-service branch in Harrisonburg, Virginia, two full-service 
branches in Roanoke, Virginia, a full-service branch in Rustburg, Virginia, a full-service branch in Lexington, 
Virginia and a mortgage origination office in Blacksburg, Virginia. 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies 

Consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. and its 
wholly owned subsidiaries.  All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in 
consolidation. 

Basis of presentation and use of estimates 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial 
statements, as well as the amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could 
differ from those estimates.  Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near 
term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and valuation of other real estate owned. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature 
within ninety days.  Generally, federal funds are purchased and sold for one-day periods. 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Securities 
Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as 
“held-to-maturity” and recorded at amortized cost.  Trading securities are recorded at fair value with changes in 
fair value included in earnings.  Securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading, are classified as 
“available-for-sale” and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and 
reported in other comprehensive income (loss).  Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest 
income using the interest method over the terms of the securities.  Gains and losses on the sale of securities are 
recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. 

Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost.  For debt 
securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if either (1) 
the Bank intends to sell the security or (2) it is more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the 
security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Bank does not intend to sell the security and 
it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the security before recovery, the Bank must 
determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost of 
the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is no 
credit loss, there is no other-than temporary impairment. If there is a credit loss, other-than-temporary impairment 
exists, and the credit loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be 
recognized in other comprehensive income.   

We regularly review each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that include 
the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and 
specific prospects for the issuer, our best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from 
debt securities, our intention with regard to holding the security to maturity, and the likelihood that we would be 
required to sell the security before recovery. 

Restricted investments  
As members of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLBA), the Bank 
is required to maintain certain minimum investments in the common stock of the FRB and FHLBA. Required 
levels of investment are based upon the Bank’s capital and a percentage of qualifying assets.  The Bank also 
maintains stock ownership in Community Bankers’ Bank (CBB).  The investment in CBB is minimal and is not 
mandated but qualifies the Bank for preferred pricing on services offered by CBB.  Based on liquidation 
restrictions, all of these investments are carried at cost. 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Loans 
Financial makes real estate, commercial and consumer loans to customers.  A substantial portion of the loan 
portfolio is represented by real estate loans collateralized by real estate within Region 2000.  The ability of 
Financial’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in 
the area.  

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off 
generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for 
loan losses, and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans.  Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal  
balance.  Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an 
adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.  

Past due status 
Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan.  In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual and 
potentially charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. 

Non-accrual status 
Financial stops accruing interest on a loan at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured 
and in process of collection.  At the time the loan is placed on non-accrual status, all previously accrued but not 
collected interest is reversed against interest income.  While the loan is classified as non-accrual, any payments 
collected are accounted for using the cost-recovery method which requires the entire amount of the payment to be 
applied directly to principal, until qualifying for return to performing status.  Loans may be, but are not always, 
returned to performing status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current 
(within 90 days past due), future payments are reasonably assured, and contractually required payments have been 
made on a timely basis for at least six consecutive months. 

Charge-off 
At the time a loan is placed on non-accrual status, it is generally reevaluated for expected loss and a specific 
reserve, if not already assigned, is established against the loan.  Consumer term loans are typically charged-off no 
later than 120 days whereas consumer revolving credit loans are typically charged-off no later than 180 days.  
Although the goal for commercial and commercial real estate loans is for charge off no later than 180 days, a 
commercial or commercial real estate loan may not be fully charged off until there is reasonable certainty that no 
additional workout efforts, troubled debt restructurings or any other types of concession can or will be made by 
Financial.   

Paycheck Protection Program Loans 
In 2020, the Company participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP).  The PPP commenced subsequent 
to the passage of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act in March 2020 and was later 
expanded by the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act of April 2020.  The PPP was 
designed to provide U.S. small businesses with cash-flow assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic through 
loans that are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (SBA) which may be forgiven upon 
satisfaction of certain criteria.  As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 379 PPP loans with outstanding 
balances totaling $42.46 million.  As compensation for originating the loans, the Company received lender 
processing fees from the SBA, which were deferred, along with the related loan origination costs.  These net fees 
are being accreted to interest income over the remaining contractual lives of the loans.  Upon forgiveness of a PPP 
loan and repayment by the SBA, which may be prior to the loan’s maturity, the remainder of any unrecognized  

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

net fees are recognized in interest income.  The Company has continued to participate in the newest round of the 
PPP during the first quarter of 2021. 

Loans Held for Sale 
Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are sold, servicing released, and carried at the 
lower of cost or fair value, which is determined in the aggregate based on sales commitments to permanent 
investors or on current market rates for loans of similar quality and type.  In addition, the Company requires a 
firm purchase commitment from a permanent investor before a loan can be closed, thus limiting interest rate risk.     

Allowance for loan losses 
The allowance for loan losses is management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio and is 
recorded through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings.  Loan losses are charged against the allowance 
when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed.  Subsequent recoveries, if any, are 
credited to the allowance. 

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s 
periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the 
loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any 
underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions.  This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires 
estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. 

The allowance consists of specific and general components.  The specific component relates to loans that are 
considered impaired.  For such loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the 
collateral value of the impaired loan or discounted cash flows is lower than the carrying value of that loan.  The 
general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative 
factors.   

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that Financial will be 
unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of 
the loan agreement.  Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, 
collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that 
experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.  
Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, 
taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of 
the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in 
relation to the principal and interest owed.  Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by evaluating the 
discounted cash flows or fair value of the underlying collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent.   

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Management considers the following when calculating its loan loss reserve requirement: 

o 

o 

In accordance with current accounting rules (ASC 310) and the Bank’s impairment methodology, 
the Bank performs an individual impairment analysis on all loans having a principal balance 
greater than $100,000 (unless related to another classified relationship or a TDR) with a risk 
rating of substandard, doubtful, and loss (our internal risk ratings of 7 through 9).   

In accordance with current accounting rules (ASC 450), the Bank examines historical charge-off 
data by segment in order to determine historical loss rates which are applied to specific pools of 
loans which carry similar risk characteristics.  The Bank updates its historical charge-off data 
quarterly and adjusts the reserve accordingly.  

o  The Bank assesses various qualitative factors to adjust the historical loss rates described above to 
management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet 
date.  Such factors include levels and trends of delinquent and non-accrual loans, economic 
conditions, trends in charge-offs, loan concentrations, lending policies and procedures, lending 
management, changes in the value of underlying collateral, the effect of external factors such as 
legal and regulatory requirements, and other factors, as deemed appropriate. 

At December 31,2020, commercial loans included $42.46 million of PPP loans.  The Company does not maintain 
an allowance on these balances as they are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. 

Troubled debt restructurings 
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management may 
grant a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled 
debt restructuring (“TDR”).  Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with 
them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loans reach non-accrual status.  These modified 
terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to 
minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.  In cases where borrowers are 
granted new terms that generally (although not required to be considered a TDR) provide for a reduction of either 
interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired 
loans.  The Bank had $392 and $410 classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

Premises, equipment and depreciation 
Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  
Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets on the straight-line basis, which 
range from 3 to 7 years for equipment and 10 to 39.5 years for buildings and improvements.  Leasehold 
improvements are amortized over a term which is the shorter of their useful life or the remaining lease term.  Land 
is carried at cost and is not depreciable.  Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized and 
those for maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. 

Bank owned life insurance 
Financial has purchased life insurance policies on certain key employees.  Bank owned life insurance is recorded 
at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash 
surrender value. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Other real estate owned 
Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure.  These 
properties are carried at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure establishing a new cost 
basis.  These properties are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to 
sell.  Losses from the acquisition of property in full or partial satisfaction of loans are charged against the 
allowance for loan losses.  Subsequent write-downs, if any, are charged against expense.  Gains and losses on the 
sales of foreclosed properties are included in determining net income in the year of the sale.  Operating costs after 
acquisition are expensed.  

Transfers of financial assets 
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered.  
Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from theBank – 
put presumptively beyond reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) 
the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge 
or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Bank does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets 
through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to 
return specific assets. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as 
more fully disclosed in a separate note.  Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant 
judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absences of broad 
markets for particular items.  Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these 
estimates. 

Business Segments 
We operate two business segments, community banking and mortgage banking.  The community banking 
segment includes both commercial and consumer lending and provides customers such products as commercial 
loans, real estate loans, and other business financing and consumer loans.  In addition, this segment provides 
customers with several choices of deposit products, including demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and 
certificates of deposit.  The mortgage banking segment engages primarily in the origination of residential 
mortgages for sale into the secondary market.  For addition information, refer to Note 9 “Business Segments.” 

Retirement Plans 
Employee 401(k) and profit sharing expense is the amount of matching contributions.  Deferred compensation 
and supplemental retirement plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service. 

Income taxes 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method.  Under this 
method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences 
between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to 
changes in tax rates and laws. 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by 
the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount 
of the position that would be ultimately sustained.  The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial 
statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than 
not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation 
processes, if any.  Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions.  Tax positions that meet 
the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 
50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority.  The portion of the 
benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a 
liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated 
interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. 

Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the 
consolidated statements of income.  At December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no liabilities recorded for 
unrecognized tax benefits.  

Stock-based compensation plans 
Compensation cost is recognized for stock-based awards issued to employees based on the fair value of the 
awards.  The Black-Scholes valuation model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options and the market 
value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.  Restricted stock 
units, which may be settled in stock or in cash, are a liability classified with the fair value initially measured at the 
market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  These awards are subsequently remeasured to 
the fair value of the Company’s common stock in each reporting period.  Compensation cost is recognized over 
the vesting period of the awards and the Company’s policy is to recognize forfeitures as they occur. 

Awards under the 2018 Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan are detailed in Note 15, 
“Stock-based Compensation Plans”.  The Company’s ability to grant awards under the Equity Incentive Plan is 
ongoing. 

Earnings per common share 
Basic earnings per common share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-
average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per common share reflects 
additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, 
as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.  Potential common shares that 
may be issued by the Company relate solely to stock options and restricted stock units outstanding during the 
periods, and are determined using the treasury stock method. 

Reclassifications 
Management has made certain immaterial reclassifications to the prior year financial statements to conform to the 
2020 presentation.  Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity. 

Comprehensive income 
Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss).  Other comprehensive 
income (loss) includes unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities. 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 2 - Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Marketing 
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.  Advertising expenses were $667 and $866 for 2020 and 
2019, respectively. 

Note 3 - Restrictions on cash 

To comply with Federal Reserve regulations, the Bank is required to maintain certain average cash reserve 
balances. The daily average cash reserve requirements were approximately $0 and $15,716 for the weeks 
including December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  The Federal Reserve announced they were reducing the 
reserve requirement ratio to zero percent across all deposit tiers as of March 26, 2020. This comes as the COVID-
19 pandemic continues to impact much of the way financial institutions both operate and serve their customers. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 4 - Securities 

A summary of the amortized cost and fair value of securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses, follows: 

Amortized 
Cost 

December 31, 2020 
Gross Unrealized 

Gains 

Losses 

Fair 
Value 

Held-to-maturity 

U.S. agency obligations 

$       3,671 

$          521 

$                - 

$      4,192 

Available-for-sale 
U.S. Treasuries 
U.S. agency obligations 
Mortgage-backed securities 
Municipals 
Corporates 

$      2,000 
        40,111 
15,461 
24,275 
6,070 

$            27 
             1,544 
241 
594 
299 

$              - 
       (335) 
(6) 
(96) 
- 

$      2,027 
   41,320 
15,696 
24,773 
6,369 

$    87,917 

$        2,705 

$       (437) 

$    90,185 

Amortized 
Cost 

December 31, 2019 
Gross Unrealized 

Gains 

Losses  

Fair 
Value 

$       3,688 

$          173 

$                - 

$      3,861 

$      1,966 
        32,163 
10,328 
11,118 
4,086 

$            - 
              278 
42 
117 
32 

$            (2) 
       (333) 
(106) 
(13) 
(21) 

$      1,964 
   32,108 
10,264 
11,222 
4,097 

$    59,661 

$        469 

$      (475) 

$    59,655 

Held-to-maturity 

U.S. agency obligations 

Available-for-sale 
U.S. Treasuries 
U.S. agency obligations 
Mortgage-backed securities 
Municipals 
Corporates 

Temporarily Impaired Securities 

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Bank’s investments with unrealized 
losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length  

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 4 –Securities (continued) 

of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2020 and 
2019: 

December 31, 2020 

Held-to-maturity 
    U.S. agency obligations 

Available-for-sale 
    U.S. Treasuries 
    U.S. agency obligations 
    Mortgage-backed securities 
    Municipals 
    Corporates 

Total temporarily impaired 

securities 

December 31, 2019 

Held-to-maturity 
    U.S. agency obligations 

Available-for-sale 
    U.S. Treasuries 
    U.S. agency obligations 
    Mortgage-backed securities 
    Municipals 
    Corporates 

Total temporarily impaired 

securities 

Less than 12 months 

Fair 
Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

  More than 12 months 
Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair 
Value 

Total 

Fair 
Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

$  - 

$      - 

$        - 

$        - 

$  - 

$      - 

- 
15,808 
8,201 
8,202 
- 

- 
       335 
6 
96 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
15,808 
8,201 
8,202 
- 

- 
       335 
6 
96 
- 

$ 32,211 

$     437 

$      - 

$      - 

$ 32,211 

$     437 

Less than 12 months 

Fair 
Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

  More than 12 months 
Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair 
Value 

Total 

Fair 
Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

$  - 

$      - 

$        - 

$        - 

$        - 

$         - 

- 
12,395 
- 
- 
- 

- 
       218 
- 
- 
- 

1,964 
12,048 
6,609 
2,736 
1,042 

2 
         115 
106 
13 
21 

1,964 
24,443 
6,609 
2,736 
1,042 

2 
         333 
106 
13 
21 

$ 12,395 

$     218 

$ 24,399 

$      257 

$  36,794 

$   475 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 4 –Securities (continued) 

U.S. agency obligations. The unrealized losses on the seven investments in U.S. agency obligations at December 
31, 2020 were caused by an increase in interest rates.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit 
the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments.  Because the 
Bank does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell 
the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Bank does not consider 
those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2020.  Each of these seven investments 
carries an S&P investment grade rating of AA or better. 

Mortgage-backed securities. The unrealized loss on the two investments in U.S. government agency mortgage-
backed securities at December 31, 2020 was caused by an increase in interest rates.  The contractual terms of 
those investments does not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of 
the investments.  Because the Bank does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that 
the Bank will be required to sell the investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be 
maturity, the Bank does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 
2020.  Each of these two investments carries an S&P investment grade rating of AAA. 

Municipals.  The unrealized losses on the nine investments in municipal obligations at December 31, 2020 were 
caused by an increase in interest rates.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to 
settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments.  Because the Bank does not 
intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the 
investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Bank does not consider 
those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2020.  Each of these nine investments 
carries an S&P investment grade rating of A or above. 

The amortized costs and fair values of securities at December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below.  
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay 
obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. 

Held-to-Maturity 

Available-for-Sale 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair 
Values 

  Amortized 

Cost 

Fair 
Values 

Due in one year or less 
Due after one year through five years 

Due after five years through ten years 
Due after ten years 

 $            -    
         -    
    398  

              3,273    
 $     3,671 

 $          -  

-    

 $           501    
          12,634 

 $        501  
13,022 

    452  
           3,740  

  39,437 
           35,345 

40,936 
      35,726 

 $      4,192  

 $    87,917 

 $   90,185 

The Bank received $13,313 and $9,733 in proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale in 2020 and 2019, 
respectively.  Gross realized gains amounted to $644 and $394 in 2020 and 2019, respectively. Gross realized 
losses amounted to $0 in both years.   

Note 4 –Securities (continued) 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, securities with a carrying value of $31,202 and $22,307, respectively, were 
pledged as collateral for public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses 

The allowance represents an amount that, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb probable losses 
inherent in the loan portfolio. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on 
evaluations of the collectability of loans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in delinquencies 
and charge-offs, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions that may 
affect a borrower’s ability to repay and the value of collateral, overall portfolio quality and review of specific 
potential losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant 
revision as more information becomes available.  

Management has an established methodology used to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that 
assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  For purposes of determining the allowance for loan 
losses, the Bank has segmented certain loans in the portfolio by product type.  Within these segments, the Bank 
has sub-segmented its portfolio by classes within the segments, based on the associated risks within these classes.  
The classifications set forth below do not correspond directly to the classifications set forth in the call report 
(Form FFIEC 041).  Management has determined that the classifications set forth below are more appropriate for 
use in identifying and managing risk in the loan portfolio. 

Loan Segments: 

Commercial 

Commercial real estate   

Consumer 

Residential 

Loan Classes: 

Commercial and industrial loans 

Commercial mortgages – owner occupied 
Commercial mortgages – non-owner occupied 
Commercial construction 

Consumer unsecured 
Consumer secured 

Residential mortgages 
Residential consumer construction 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

The evaluation also considers the following risk characteristics of each loan segment: 

(cid:120)  Commercial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because the 

repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or 
project. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may 
depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision. 

(cid:120)  Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with a real estate project and other risks associated 
with the ownership of real estate.  In addition, for real estate construction loans there is a risk that the 
project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and 
the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan.  
Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, 
may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the 
project. 

(cid:120)  Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value 
of the collateral (e.g., rapidly-depreciating assets such as automobiles), or lack thereof. Consumer loans 
are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or 
personal bankruptcy.  Unsecured consumer loans carry additional risks associated with the continued 
credit-worthiness of borrowers who may be unable to meet payment obligations. 

(cid:120)  Residential mortgage and construction loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of 
the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.  Equity lines of credit carry risks associated with 
the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. 

The Bank’s internal risk rating system is in place to grade commercial and commercial real estate loans.  Category 
ratings are reviewed periodically by lenders and the credit review area of the Bank based on the borrower’s 
individual situation.  Additionally, internal and external monitoring and review of credits are conducted on an 
annual basis.   

Below is a summary and definition of the Bank’s risk rating categories: 

RATING 1 
RATING 2 
RATING 3 
RATING 4 
RATING 5 
RATING 6 
RATING 7 
RATING 8 
RATING 9 

Excellent 
Above Average 
Satisfactory 
Acceptable / Low Satisfactory 
Monitor 
Special Mention 
Substandard 
Doubtful 
Loss 

Based on the above criteria, we segregate loans into the above categories for special mention, substandard, 
doubtful and loss from non-classified, or pass rated, loans. We review the characteristics of each rating at least 
annually, generally during the first quarter. The characteristics of these ratings are as follows: 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

(cid:120)  “Pass.”  These are loans having risk ratings of 1 through 4.  Pass loans are to persons or business entities with 
an acceptable financial condition, appropriate collateral margins, appropriate cash flow to service the existing 
loan, and an appropriate leverage ratio.  The borrower has paid all obligations as agreed and it is expected that 
this type of payment history will continue.  When necessary, acceptable personal guarantors support the loan. 

(cid:120)  “Monitor.”  These are loans having a risk rating of 5.  Monitor loans have currently acceptable risk but may 
have the potential for a specific defined weakness in the borrower’s operations and the borrower’s ability to 
generate positive cash flow on a sustained basis. The borrower’s recent payment history may currently or in 
the future be characterized by late payments. The Bank’s risk exposure is mitigated by collateral supporting 
the loan. The collateral is considered to be well-margined, well maintained, accessible and readily marketable. 

(cid:120)  “Special Mention.”  These are loans having a risk rating of 6.  Special Mention loans have weaknesses that 

deserve management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in 
deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date.  
Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant 
adverse classification.  These loans do warrant more than routine monitoring due to a weakness caused by 
adverse events. 

(cid:120)  “Substandard.”  These are loans having a risk rating of 7.  Substandard loans are considered to have specific 

and well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the viability of the Bank’s credit extension. The payment history 
for the loan has been inconsistent and the expected or projected primary repayment source may be inadequate 
to service the loan. The estimated net liquidation value of the collateral pledged and/or ability of the personal 
guarantor(s) to pay the loan may not adequately protect the Bank. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank 
will sustain some loss if the deficiencies associated with the loan are not corrected in the near term. A 
substandard loan would not automatically meet our definition of impaired unless the loan is significantly past 
due and the borrower’s performance and financial condition provide evidence that it is probable that the Bank 
will be unable to collect all amounts due. 

(cid:120)  “Doubtful.”  These are loans having a risk rating of 8.  Doubtful rated loans have all the weaknesses inherent 

in a loan that is classified substandard but with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or 
liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and 
improbable. The possibility of loss is high. 

(cid:120)  “Loss.”  These are loans having a risk rating of 9.  Loss rated loans are not considered collectible under 

normal circumstances and there is no realistic expectation for any future payment on the loan. Loss rated loans 
are fully charged off. 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

The Bank grants primarily commercial, real estate, and installment loans to customers throughout its market area.  
The real estate portfolio can be affected by the condition of the local real estate markets.  The commercial and 
installment loan portfolio can be affected by the local economic conditions. 

A summary of loans, net is as follows: 

Commercial 
Commercial real estate 
Consumer 
Residential 

               Total loans (1) 

Less allowance for loan losses 

               Net loans 

December 31, 

2020 

2019 

 $              145,145    
               309,563    
                 92,344    
                 62,038    

 $              114,257  
               303,900  
                 89,945  
                 70,001  

               609,090    

               578,103  

                   7,156    

                   4,829  

 $             601,934    

 $             573,274  

(1)  Includes net deferred (fees) and costs/premiums of ($18) and $572 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

The amounts of overdraft reclassified as loans were $43 and $86 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

The Company’s officers, directors and their related interests have various types of loan relationships with the 
Bank.  The total outstanding balances of these related party loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $12,075 
and $12,682 respectively.  During 2020, new loans and advances amounted to $3,326 and repayments amounted 
to $4,221.    

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

The following tables set forth information regarding impaired and non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2020 and 
2019: 

Loans on Non-Accrual Status 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate: 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured  
Residential: 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

As of December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$    121 

$    262 

940 
552 
- 

- 
240 

210 
- 

262 
450 
- 

- 
47 

280 
- 

     Totals 

$2,063 

$1,301 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

2020  
With No Related Allowance Recorded: 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured 
Residential 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

With an Allowance Recorded: 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured 
Residential 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

Totals: 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured 
Residential 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

Impaired Loans 
(dollars in thousands) 
As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 

Recorded 
Investment 

Unpaid 
  Principal 
Balance 

  Related 
  Allowance 

  Average 
  Recorded   
 Investment    Recognized 

Interest  
Income  

$                  341   $                  341   $                    -   $            405   $               30  

 2,143   

 2,496   

 639   
 -  

 -  
 343   

 1,347   
 -  

 677   
 -  

 -  
 346   

 1,415   
 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 2,305   

 135  

 601   
 -  

 -  
 225   

 1,319   
 -  

 43  
 - 

 - 
 16  

 62  
 - 

$                      4   $                      4   $                    4   $                6   $                  -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 6   

 7   
 -  

 -  
 -  

 70   
 -  

 - 

 - 
 - 

 - 
 - 

 - 
 - 

$                  345   $                  345   $                    4   $            411   $               30  

 2,143   

 2,496   

 639   
 -  

 -  
 343   

 677   
 -  

 -  
 346   

 -  

 -  
 -  

 -  
 -  

 2,311   

 135  

 608   
 -  

 -  
 225   

 43  
 - 

 - 
 16  

 62  
 - 
$               4,817   $               5,279   $                    4   $         4,944   $             286  

 1,415   
 -  

 1,389   
 -  

 1,347   
 -  

 -  
 -  

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

2019  
With No Related Allowance Recorded: 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured 
Residential 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

With an Allowance Recorded: 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured 
Residential 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

Totals: 

Commercial 
Commercial Real Estate 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgage Non-Owner Occupied 
   Commercial Construction 
Consumer 
   Consumer Unsecured 
   Consumer Secured 
Residential 
   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer Construction 

Impaired Loans 
(dollars in thousands) 
As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 

Recorded 
Investment 

Unpaid 
Principal 
Balance 

  Related 
  Allowance 

  Average 
  Recorded   
 Investment   Recognized 

Interest  
Income  

$                  468   $                1,036   $                    -  $            949   $               26 

 2,467   

 2,643   

 563   
 -  

 -  
 107   

 1,290   
 -  

 585   
 -  

 -  
 107   

 1,290   
 -  

 - 

 - 
 - 

 - 
 - 

 - 
 - 

 2,441   

 183 

 347   
 -  

 -  
 98   

 1,583   
 -  

 32 
 -

 -
 7 

 68 
 -

$                      7   $                       7   $                    7  $              19   $                 1 

 12   

 14   
 -  

 -  
 -  

 139   
 -  

 12   

 14   
 -  

 -  
 -  

 158   
 -  

 12  

 3  
 - 

 - 
 - 

 33  
 - 

 26   

 52   
 -  

 1   
 53   

 257   
 -  

 1 

 1 
 -

 -
 -

 4 
 -

$                  475   $                1,043   $                    7  $            968   $               27 

 2,479   

 2,655   

 12  

 2,467   

 184 

 577   
 -  

 -  
 107   

 599   
 -  

 -  
 107   

 3  
 - 

 - 
 - 

 399   
 -  

 1   
 151   

 33 
 -

 -
 7 

 72 
 -
$               5,067   $                5,852   $                  55  $         5,826   $             323 

 1,448   
 -  

 1,840   
 -  

 1,429   
 -  

 33  
 - 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

The following tables set forth the allowance for loan losses activity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 
2019: 

Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans 

(dollars in thousands) 

As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 

Commercial 

2020 

Commercial 

Real Estate 

  Consumer 

  Residential 

Total 

Allowance for Credit Losses: 

Beginning Balance 

$          1,330   

$                 1,932  

$            865   

$              702   

$         4,829  

     Charge-Offs 

     Recoveries 

     Provision 

Ending Balance 

 (96)  

 20   

 747   

 2,001   

 (224) 

 139  

 1,703  

 3,550  

 (75)  

 53   

 25   

 868   

 (53)  

 15   

 73   

 737   

 (448) 

 227  

 2,548  

 7,156  

Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for 
impairment 

Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for 
impairment 

 4   

 - 

 -  

 - 

 4  

 1,997   

 3,550  

 868   

 737  

 7,152  

Totals: 

$          2,001  

  $                 3,550 

  $            868  

  $              737  

  $         7,156  

Financing Receivables: 

Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for 
impairment 

Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for 
impairment 

 345  

 2,782 

 343  

 1,347  

 4,817  

 144,800  

 306,781 

 92,001  

 60,691  

 604,273  

Totals: 

$      145,145  

  $             309,563 

  $       92,344  

  $         62,038  

  $     609,090  

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans 

(dollars in thousands) 

As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 

Commercial 

2019 

Commercial 

Real Estate 

  Consumer 

  Residential 

Total 

Allowance for Credit Losses: 

Beginning Balance 

$          1,136   

$                 1,831  

$            956   

$              658   

$         4,581  

     Charge-Offs 

     Recoveries 

     Provision 

Ending Balance 

 (106)  

 35   

 265   

 1,330   

 (26) 

 5  

 122  

 1,932  

 (189)  

 44   

 54   

 865   

 (42)  

 4   

 82   

 702   

 (363) 

 88  

 523  

 4,829  

Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for 
impairment 

Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for 
impairment 

 7   

 15  

 -  

 33  

 55  

 1,323   

 1,917  

 865   

 669  

 4,774  

Totals: 

$          1,330  

  $                 1,932 

  $            865  

  $              702  

  $         4,829  

Financing Receivables: 

Ending Balance: Individually evaluated for 
impairment 

Ending Balance: Collectively evaluated for 
impairment 

 475  

 3,056 

 107  

 1,429  

 5,067  

 113,782  

 300,844 

 89,838  

 68,572  

 573,036  

Totals: 

$      114,257  

  $             303,900 

  $       89,945  

  $         70,001  

  $     578,103  

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

2020 

Commercial 

Commercial Real Estate: 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner 

Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgages-Non-

Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Construction 

Consumer: 

   Consumer Unsecured 

   Consumer Secured 

Residential: 

   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer 
Construction 

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2020 

30-59 Days 
Past Due 

60-89 Days 
Past Due 

Greater 
than 
90 Days 

Total Past 
Due 

Current 

Total  
Loans 

Recorded 
Investment 
> 90 Days & 
Accruing 

$   157 

$     - 

$     - 

$    157 

$  144,988 

$   145,145 

$             - 

38 

252 

- 

7 

309 

575 

- 

- 

116 

- 

- 

27 

243 

- 

842 

394 

- 

- 

229 

210 

- 

880 

762 

- 

7 

565 

1,028 

- 

107,342 

108,222 

170,307 

30,272 

171,069 

30,272 

3,764 

88,008 

45,868 

15,142 

3,771 

88,573 

46,896 

15,142 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

$     1,338 

$     386 

$  1,675 

$  3,399 

$ 605,691 

$ 609,090 

$            - 

2019 

Commercial 

Commercial Real Estate: 
   Commercial Mortgages-Owner 

Occupied 

   Commercial Mortgages-Non-

Owner Occupied 

   Commercial Construction 

Consumer: 

   Consumer Unsecured 

   Consumer Secured 

Residential: 

   Residential Mortgages 
   Residential Consumer 
Construction 

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2019 

30-59 Days 
Past Due 

60-89 Days 
Past Due 

Greater 
than 
90 Days 

Total Past 
Due 

Current 

Total  
Loans 

Recorded 
Investment 
> 90 Days & 
Accruing 

$   146 

$     1,084 

$    116 

$    1,346 

$  112,911 

$   114,257 

$             - 

234 

58 

- 

52 

316 

595 

492 

192 

9 

- 

3 

130 

576 

- 

143 

450 

- 

- 

21 

280 

- 

569 

517 

- 

55 

467 

1,451 

492 

104,223 

104,792 

181,730 

16,861 

182,247 

16,861 

6,812 

82,611 

53,833 

14,225 

6,867 

83,078 

55,284 

14,717 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

$     1,893 

$     1,994 

$  1,010 

$  4,897 

$ 573,206 

$ 578,103 

$            - 

96 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

Credit Quality Information - by Class 
December 31, 2020 

2020 

Pass 

Monitor 

Special 

Substandard  Doubtful 

Totals 

Commercial 

Commercial Real Estate: 

Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 

Commercial Construction 

Consumer 

Consumer Unsecured 

Consumer Secured 

Residential: 

Residential Mortgages 

Residential Consumer Construction 

Mention    

$  133,075 

$  4,332  $    7,386 

$  352 

$      -  $  145,145 

98,623 

161,300 

30,272 

3,740 

88,044 

45,441 

15,142 

3,028 

7,277 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,428 

1,682 

- 

30 

- 

- 

- 

2,143 

810 

- 

1 

529 

1,455 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

108,222 

171,069 

30,272 

3,771 

88,573 

46,896 

15,142 

Totals 

$ 575,637  $  14,637  $  13,526 

$ 5,290 

$     -  $  609,090 

Credit Quality Information - by Class 
December 31, 2019 

2019 

Pass 

Monitor 

Special  Substandard  Doubtful 

Totals 

Commercial 

Commercial Real Estate: 

Commercial Mortgages-Owner Occupied 

Commercial Mortgages-Non-Owner Occupied 

Commercial Construction 

Consumer 

Consumer Unsecured 

Consumer Secured 

Residential: 

Residential Mortgages 

Residential Consumer Construction 

Mention 

$  108,907 

$  313  $    4,518 

$  519 

$      -  $  114,257 

93,553 

446 

175,471 

5,118 

16,572 

289 

6,867 

82,860 

53,714 

14,416 

- 

- 

- 

301 

8,316 

994 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,477 

664 

- 

- 

218 

1,570 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

104,792 

182,247 

16,861 

6,867 

83,078 

55,284 

14,717 

Totals 

$ 552,360  $  6,467  $  13,828 

$ 5,448 

$     -  $  578,103 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) 

There were no loan modifications that would have been classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR) during 
the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 or 2019. 

Loans that were previously classified as TDRs in prior periods and currently outstanding are factored into the 
determination of the allowance for loan losses and are included in the Bank’s impaired loan analysis and 
individually evaluated for impairment. 

At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional 
funds on loans classified as TDRs. 

There were no loan modifications classified as TDRs within the last twelve months that defaulted (90 days past 
due) during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

We have developed relief programs to assist borrowers in financial need due to the effects of the COVID-19 
pandemic.  Accordingly, we offered short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to certain 
borrowers who were current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, modifications 
in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, deferral of principal only (interest 
only payments), or other delays in payment that are insignificant. 

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Bank modified a total of 191 loans with principal balances totaling 
approximately $95 million. As of December 31, 2020, 4 of the 191 previously modified loans remain in 
deferment. The principal balance of these 4 loans is approximately $7.06 million, which represents 1.16% of the 
total loan portfolio. Of the total deferrals, 3 loans, or approximately $6.8 million, are for deferrals of principal 
only and 1 loan, or approximately $270,000, is for principal and interest deferment. 

If a customer requests a second modification, an extensive evaluation of the circumstances surrounding the need 
for the request is conducted.  Procedurally, a commercial borrower will be required to present financial forecasts, 
proof of business sustainability, and verification of sources of repayment to the primary loan officer, the Chief 
Lending Officer, and the Chief Credit Officer before a second deferral is granted.  Retail borrowers are also 
required to submit in writing the reason for the need for a second deferral request before an additional deferral is 
granted.  Relationships whose situations do not warrant a second deferral will most likely be downgraded and 
subsequently evaluated for specific impairment within the allowance for loan loss.  We are not currently 
evaluating any relationships, for additional deferrals. 

In accordance with provisions of Section 4013 of the CARES Act (March 2020) and the Joint Interagency 
Regulatory Guidance (March 2020, revised April 2020), the above modifications were not considered to be 
TDRs.  The CARES Act addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that COVID-19 related 
modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2020 are not TDRs.  The Interagency Guidance 
encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers that may be unable to meet their contractual 
obligations because of the effects of COVID-19 and explained that in consultation with the Financial Accounting 
Standards Board (FASB) staff, the federal banking agencies concluded that short-term modifications (e.g. six 
months or less) made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a 
relief program and not TDRs.  In December 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act extended the period 
established by Section 4013 pf the CARES Act for providing temporary relief from TDR classification to the  

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 5 - Loans and allowance for loan losses (continued) 

earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the date when the national emergency concerning COVID-19 
terminates. 

Note 6 - Other real estate owned 

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, OREO was $1,105 and $2,339 respectively. OREO is primarily comprised of 
residential properties and non-residential properties associated with commercial relationships. As of December 
31, 2020 and 2019 respectively, there were no consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate that 
were in the process of foreclosure.  The following table represents the changes in OREO balance in 2020 and 
2019. 

OREO Changes 

Balance at the beginning of the year 
Transfers from Loans 
Capitalized costs 
Valuation adjustments 
Sales 
Gain (loss) on sales 
Balance at the end of the year 

Year Ended December 31, 
2019 
2020 

$     2,339 
18 
- 
(437) 
(844) 
29 
$     1,105 

$     2,430 
785 
- 
(287) 
(570) 
(19) 
$     2,339 

There were no residential properties being carried in OREO as of December 31, 2020.  There were four residential 
properties being carried in OREO at a value of $325 as of December 31, 2019. 

99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 7 – Premises and equipment 

Premises and equipment at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows: 

Land 
Building and improvements 
Property for future expansion 
Furniture and equipment 
Leasehold improvements 
Software 

Less accumulated depreciation 

December 31, 

2020 
$     3,302 
9,956 
2,102 
7,652 
3,003 
1,964 
27,979 

10,997 

2019 
$     3,302 
9,983 
1,077 
9,298 
3,462 
2,849 
29,971 

13,273 

               Net premises and equipment 

$    16,982 

$    16,698 

Total depreciation and amortization expense related to premises and equipment for the years ended December 31, 
2020 and 2019 was $1,467 and $1,126, respectively.   

Note 8 - Deposits 

A summary of deposit accounts is as follows: 

Demand 
   Noninterest bearing 
   Interest bearing 
Savings 
Time, $250,000 or more (1) 
Other time 

December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$    143,345 
362,780 
100,726 
25,499 
132,617 

$    93,936 
274,602 
88,219 
40,751 
151,951 

$  764,967 

$  649,459 

(1) 

Includes brokered certificates of deposit of $10,020 as of December 31, 2019.  There were no 
brokered certificates of deposit outstanding at December 31, 2020. 

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 8 – Deposits (continued) 

At December 31, 2020, maturities of time deposits are scheduled as follows: 

Year Ending December 31, 

Amount 

2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
                       2025 and thereafter 

$     100,220 
40,998 
6,564 
2,028 
8,306 

$    158,116 

The Bank held deposits from the Company’s officers, directors and their related interests of $11,534 and $16,694 
at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

Note 9 – Business Segments 

The Company has two reportable business segments: (i) a traditional full-service community banking segment 
and, (ii) a mortgage loan origination business.  The community banking business segment includes Bank of the 
James which provides loans, deposits, investments and insurance to retail and commercial customers throughout 
the Bank’s market areas.  The mortgage segment provides a variety of mortgage loan products principally within 
the Bank’s market areas.  Mortgage loans are originated and sold in the secondary market through purchase 
commitments from investors.  Because of the pre-arranged purchase commitments, there is minimal risk to the 
Company. 

Both of the Company’s reportable segments are service based.  The mortgage business is a fee-based business 
while the Bank’s primary source of revenue is net interest income.  The Bank also provides a referral network for 
the mortgage origination business.  The mortgage business may also be in a position to refer its customers to the 
Bank for banking services when appropriate. 

101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 9 – Business Segments (continued) 

Information about reportable business segments and reconciliation of such information to the consolidated 
financial statements for years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows: 

Business Segments 

For the year ended December 31, 2020 
   Net interest income 
   Provision for loan losses 
   Net interest income after provision for loan losses 
   Noninterest income 
   Noninterest expenses 
   Income before income taxes 
   Income tax expense 
     Net income 
     Total assets 

For the year ended December 31, 2019 
   Net interest income 
   Provision for loan losses 
   Net interest income after provision for loan losses 
   Noninterest income 
   Noninterest expenses 
   Income before income taxes 
   Income tax expense 
     Net income 
     Total assets 

Note 10 – Capital notes  

Community 
Banking 

$       25,146  
 2,548  
 22,598  
 3,163  
 22,275  
 3,486  
 633  
$         2,853  
$     843,323  

$       24,552  
 523  
 24,029  
 2,934  
 21,154  
 5,809  
 1,093  
$         4,716  
$     720,965  

  Mortgage 

Total 

$            -  
 -  
 -  
 7,812  
 5,119  
 2,693  
 566  
$     2,127  
$     8,063  

$            -  
 -  
 -  
 4,254  
 3,129  
 1,125  
 236  
$        889  
$     4,429  

$       25,146 
 2,548 
 22,598 
 10,975 
 27,394 
 6,179 
 1,199 
$         4,980 
$     851,386 

$       24,552 
 523 
 24,029 
 7,188 
 24,283 
 6,934 
 1,329 
$         5,605 
$     725,394 

On April 13, 2020, the Company commenced a private placement of unregistered debt securities (the “2020 
Offering”).  In the 2020 Offering, the Company sold and closed $10,050,000 in principal of notes (the “2020 
Notes”) during the 2nd and 3rd quarters of 2020.  The 2020 Offering officially ended on July 8, 2020.  The 2020 
Notes bear interest at the rate of 3.25% per year with interest payable quarterly in arrears.  The 2020 Notes will 
mature on September 30, 2025 and are subject to full or partial repayment on or after September 30, 2021.  The 
balance of the 2020 Notes as of December 31, 2020 is presented net of unamortized issuance costs on the 
Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

On September 24, 2020 the Bank used $5,000,000 of the proceeds for the payment of principal of the Company’s 
previously outstanding 4.00% notes that were issued in 2017.  The Company intends to use the balance of the 
proceeds from the 2020 Offering for general corporate purposes in the discretion of Company’s management such 
as payment of interest on the 2020 Notes and as a contribution of additional capital to the Bank.   

102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 11 – Other borrowings 

Short-term borrowings may consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which are secured 
transactions with customers and generally mature the day following the date sold.  Short-term borrowings may 
also include Federal funds purchased, which are unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions.  
There was no utilization of short-term borrowings in 2020 or 2019 other than one day nominal balances to test the 
lines.  Average balances were less than $1 for both years.   

Unsecured federal fund lines and their respective limits are maintained with the following institutions:  
Community Bankers’ Bank, $13,000, Zions Bank, $4,000, PNC Bank, $6,000 and First National Bankers’ Bank, 
$10,000.  In addition, the Bank maintains a $5,000 reverse repurchase agreement with Suntrust (Truist) whereby 
securities may be pledged as collateral in exchange for funds for a minimum of 30 days with a maximum of 90 
days.  The Bank also maintains a secured federal funds line with Community Bankers’ Bank whereby it may 
pledge securities as collateral with no specified minimum or maximum amount or term.  The current amount 
available on the secured line based on the securities currently pledged is $8,055. 

The Bank is also a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLBA”).  The Bank’s available credit 
through the FHLBA was $212,366 as of December 31, 2020, the most recent calculation.  The Bank must pledge 
collateral in order to access the FHLBA available credit.  Currently the Bank has pledged to the FHLBA  
approximately $38,515 in 1-4 family residential mortgages which, after adjustments for the loan-to-value 
requirements by the FHLBA, would allow the Bank to access up to $28,796 in credit without pledging any 
additional collateral. 

As of December 31, 2020, and 2019 there are no outstanding balances on any of the credit facilities mentioned 
above. 

Note 12 - Income taxes 

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of Virginia.  With few 
exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax 
authorities for years prior to 2017. 

Income tax expense attributable to income before income tax expense is summarized as follows: 

Current federal income tax expense 
Deferred federal income tax expense (benefit) 
Income tax expense 

December 31, 

2020 
$          2,037 
(838) 
$         1,199 

2019 
$          1,346 
(17) 
$         1,329 

103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 12 - Income taxes (continued) 

Income tax expense differed from amounts computed by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate of 21% to 
income before income tax expense as a result of the following: 

Computed “expected” income tax expense 
Increase (reduction) in income tax resulting from:  
Non-taxable income 
Non-deductible expenses 
Other 

Income tax expense 

2020 
$      1,298 

2019 
$      1,456 

(94) 
12 
(17) 
$    1,199 

(143) 
13 
3 
$    1,329 

The tax effects of temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities as presented below: 

December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$    1,151 
    1,503 
- 
239 
130 
564 
27 
3,614 

1,105 
410 
476 
85 
2,076 
$   1,538 

$    1,249 
    1,015 
1 
194 
251 
84 
22 
2,816 

1,223 
312 
- 
104 
1,639 
$   1,177 

Deferred tax assets 
   Lease liabilities 
   Allowance for loan losses 
   Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities 
   OREO 
   Non-accrual interest 
   Deferred Compensation 
   Other 

Gross deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities 
   Right-of-use assets 
   Depreciation 
   Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities 
   Other 

Gross deferred tax liabilities 

Net deferred tax asset 

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 13 – Earnings per common share (EPS) 

Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the 
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS reflects the potential 
dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into 
common stock, or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.   

The basic and diluted earnings per share calculations are as follows: 

Numerator: 
Net income available to stockholders 

Basic EPS weighted average shares outstanding 
Effect of dilutive securities: 
Incremental shares attributable to stock options 

Years ended December 31, 
2019 
2020 

$         4,980 

$         5,605 

4,341,575 

4,375,814 

- 

5,783 

Diluted EPS weighted-average shares outstanding 

4,341,575 

4,381,597 

Basic earnings per common share 

Diluted earnings per common share 

$          1.15 

$          1.15 

$          1.28 

$          1.28 

In 2020, all restricted stock units (RSUs) were excluded from calculating diluted earnings per share as the 
Company elected to settle units vesting in January 2020 wholly in cash.  Going forward, management has adopted 
a cash settlement policy for all currently outstanding RSUs.  Prior to 2020, the presumption was that the shares 
would be settled in common stock and the RSUs were included in the calculation of diluted EPS.  There were no 
potentially dilutive shares excluded from the 2019 earnings per share calculation because they were anti-dilutive. 

Note 14 – Employee Benefit plans 

Defined contribution benefit plan.  The Company adopted a 401(k) defined contribution plan on October 1, 2000, 
which is administered by the Virginia Bankers’ Association. Participants have the right to contribute up to a 
maximum of 19% of pretax annual compensation or the maximum allowed under Section 401(g) of the Internal 
Revenue Code, whichever is less.  The Company contributed $373 and $347 to the plan on behalf of the 
employees for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan.  A Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) was established to 
provide participating executives (as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors) with benefits that cannot 
be provided under the 401(k) as a result of limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. The SERP will also 
provide benefits to eligible employees or their survivors, as applicable, if they die, retire, or are terminated under 
certain circumstances.  SERP expense totaled $471 and $399 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 
respectively. 

105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 14 – Employee Benefit plans (continued) 

The Company funds the plan through a modified endowment contract.  Income recorded for the plan represents 
life insurance income as recorded based on the projected increases in cash surrender values of life insurance 
policies. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the life insurance policies had cash surrender values of 
approximately $16,355 and $13,686, respectively. 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan.  The Company adopted an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) in 2018 in 
which all employees are eligible to participate. The plan allows employees to use a portion of their salaries and 
wages to purchase shares of the Company common stock at the market value of shares on a monthly basis.  The 
Company makes no contributions to the ESPP.  The Company may issue common shares to plan participants or 
purchase common shares on the open market. Common shares are purchased on the open market at a price that 
based on the weighted average price of all shares purchased by the broker-dealer on the open market from each 
aggregate order placed by the Plan Administrator. 

In 2020 and 2019, all shares purchased pursuant to the ESPP were purchased on the open market and 
consequently the Company issued no common shares in connection with the ESPP during the year ended 
December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

Note 15 – Stock-based compensation plans 

On March 20, 2018, the Board of Directors adopted the “2018 Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. Equity 
Incentive Plan,” which was approved by the shareholders on May 15, 2018.  This plan allows the Company to 
grant stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units to certain officers and employees.  The 2018 
Incentive Plan permits the issuance of up to 250,000 shares of common stock for awards to key employees of the 
Company and its subsidiaries in the form of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock awards 
and performance units. 

On January 2, 2019, the Company granted its first block of equity compensation under the 2018 Incentive Plan 
consisting of 24,500 restricted stock units.  The recipients of restricted stock units do not receive shares of the 
Company’s stock immediately, but instead receive shares, or cash compensation, or some combination of the two, 
upon satisfying the requisite service period specified by the terms and conditions of the grant.  Additionally, the 
recipients of restricted stock units do not enjoy the same rights as other holders of the Company’s common stock 
until the units have vested and as such, they do not have voting rights or rights to nonforfeitable dividends. The 
related compensation expense is based on the fair value of the Company’s stock.  Shares vest over 3 years in 
thirds with the first one-third vesting one year from the grant date. The total expense recognized for the years 
ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, in connection with the restricted stock unit awards was approximately $106 
in each year.  There were no forfeitures during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.  There were no new 
grants in the year ended December 31, 2020.  The fair value of shares which vested in 2020 was $128. 

At December 31, 2020, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock 
awards amounted to approximately $106. The unrecognized expense will be recognized ratably over the 
remaining vesting period of  one year.  The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. 

106 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 16 – Dividend Reinvestment Plan 

The Company has in effect a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) which provides an automatic conversion of 
dividends into common stock for enrolled shareholders. The Company may issue common shares to the DRIP or 
purchase common shares on the open market. Common shares are purchased on the open market at a price that 
based on the weighted average price of all shares purchased by the broker-dealer on the open market from each 
aggregate order placed by the Plan Administrator. In 2019 and 2020, all shares purchased through the DRIP were 
purchased on the open market and consequently the Company issued no common shares to the DRIP during the 
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020. 

Note 17 – Stockholders’ equity 

The Bank is subject to certain legal and regulatory restrictions on the amount of cash dividends it may declare.  
Financial is a legal entity, separate and distinct from the Bank.  Financial currently does not have any significant 
sources of revenue other than cash dividends paid to it by its subsidiaries.  Both Financial and the Bank are 
subject to laws and regulations that limit the payment of cash dividends, including requirements to maintain 
capital at or above regulatory minimums. 

Note 18 - Regulatory matters 

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies.  
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary 
actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial 
statements.  Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the 
Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and 
certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  The Bank’s capital amounts 
and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, 
and other factors. 

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain 
minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier I capital (as defined in the 
regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital to average assets (as defined). Management 
believes, as of December 31, 2020 that the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.  
The Bank’s actual regulatory capital amounts and ratios for December 31, 2020 and 2019 are also presented in the 
table below. 

In addition to the minimum regulatory capital required for capital adequacy purposes the Bank is required to 
maintain a minimum Capital Conservation Buffer above those minimums in the form of common equity, in order 
to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses.  The Capital Conservation Buffer was 
2.5% at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and is applicable for the Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total Capital 
Ratios. 

As of December 31, 2020, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond categorized 
the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.  There are no 
conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.   

To be categorized as well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations, the Bank must maintain 
minimum total risk-based, CET1 Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the following table.   

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 18 - Regulatory matters (continued) 

The capital ratios for the Bank for 2020 and 2019 are set forth in the following table: 

December 31, 2020 

  Minimum Capital 

Actual 

Requirement 

To Be Well 
Capitalized Under 
Prompt Corrective 
Action Provisions 

Amount 

  Ratio 

  Amount 

  Ratio (1) 

  Amount 

  Ratio 

Total capital 

(to risk-weighted assets) 

$77,844 

  12.25% 

$66,722 

  >10.500% 

  $63,545 

  > 10.00% 

Tier I capital 

(to risk-weighted assets) 
Common Equity Tier 1 capital 
(to risk-weighted assets) 

Tier I capital (leverage) 
(to average assets) 

$70,688 

  11.12% 

$54,013 

>8.50% 

  $50,836 

> 8.00% 

$70,688 

  11.12% 

$44,481 

>7.00% 

  $41,304 

>6.50% 

$70,688 

8.28% 

$34,142 

> 4.00% 

  $42,678 

> 5.00% 

(1)  Includes capital conservation buffer of 2.50% where applicable. 

December 31, 2019 

  Minimum Capital 

Actual 

Requirement 

Amount 

  Ratio 

  Amount 

  Ratio (1) 

To Be Well 
Capitalized Under 
Prompt Corrective 
Action Provisions 
Ratio 

  Amount 

Total capital 

(to risk-weighted assets) 

$71,090 

  11.54% 

  $64,708 

  >10.500% 

  $61,627 

  > 10.00% 

Tier I capital 

(to risk-weighted assets) 
Common Equity Tier 1 capital 
(to risk-weighted assets) 

Tier I capital (leverage) 
(to average assets) 

$66,261 

  10.75% 

  $52,383 

>8.50% 

  $49,302 

> 8.00% 

$66,261 

  10.75% 

  $43,139 

>7.00% 

  $40,057 

>6.50% 

$66,261 

9.13% 

  $29,016 

> 4.00% 

  $36,270 

> 5.00% 

(1)  Includes capital conservation buffer of 2.50% where applicable. 

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 18 - Regulatory matters (continued) 

The above tables set forth the capital position and analysis for the Bank only.  Because total assets on a 
consolidated basis are less than $3 billion, Financial is not subject to the consolidated capital requirements 
imposed by the Bank Holding Company Act.  Consequently, Financial does not calculate its financial ratios on a 
consolidated basis.  If calculated, the capital ratios for the Company on a consolidated basis would no longer be 
comparable to the capital ratios of the Bank because the proceeds of the private placement do not qualify as equity 
capital on a consolidated basis. 

Note 19 - Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk 

The Bank is not a party to derivative financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risks such as futures, forwards, 
swaps and options. The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course 
of business to meet the financing needs of its customers.  These instruments may involve, to varying degrees, 
elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.  The contract  
amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Bank has in particular classes of financial 
instruments. 

Credit risk is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss because the other party to a financial instrument fails to 
perform in accordance with the terms of the contract.  The Bank’s maximum exposure to credit loss in the event 
of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby 
letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of the instruments.  The Bank uses the same credit 
policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. 

The Bank requires collateral or other security to support financial instruments when it is deemed necessary.  The 
Bank evaluates each customer’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The amount of collateral obtained, if 
deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the 
counterparty.  Types of collateral vary but may include marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and 
property, plant and equipment. 

At December 31, 2020, the Bank had rate lock commitments to originate mortgage loans through its Mortgage 
Division amounting to approximately $34,952 and loans held for sale of $7,102.  The Bank has entered into 
corresponding commitments with third party investors to sell each of these loans that close.  No other obligation 
exists.   

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 19 - Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk (continued) 

Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk are as follows: 

Contract Amounts at 
December 31, 

2020 

2019 

  Commitments to extend credit  

$   152,834 

$   134,186 

  Standby letters of credit  

$     3,552 

$     3,469 

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any 
condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination 
clauses and may require payment of a fee.  Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being 
drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. 

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a 
customer to a third party.  Those guarantees are primarily issued to support private borrowing arrangements.  The 
credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is generally less than that involved in extending loans to  
customers because the Bank generally holds deposits equal to the commitment.  Management does not anticipate 
any material losses as a result of these transactions. 

Note 20 – Concentration of credit risk 

The Bank has a diversified loan portfolio consisting of commercial, real estate and consumer (installment) loans.  
Substantially all of the Bank’s customers are residents or operate business ventures in its market area consisting 
primarily of the Lynchburg metropolitan area.  Therefore, a substantial portion of its debtors’ ability to honor their 
contracts and the Bank’s ability to realize the value of any underlying collateral, if needed, is influenced by the 
economic conditions in this market area. 

The Bank maintains a significant portion of its cash balances with one financial institution. Uninsured cash 
balances as of December 31, 2020 were approximately $5,544 which consisted of the total balances in one 
account at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLBA), as well as the balances (net of $250 FDIC 
coverage) held in one account at Community Bankers’ Bank, one account at Suntrust (now Truist), one account at 
Zions Bank, and one account held at First National Bankers’ Bank.  Uninsured cash balances as of December 31, 
2019 were approximately $6,300 which consisted of the total balances in the same accounts referenced for 2020 
above. 

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements 

Determination of Fair Value 

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to 
determine fair value disclosures.  In accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of 
FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to 
transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market and in an orderly transaction 
between market participants at the measurement date.  Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market 
prices.  However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial 
instruments.  In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using 
present value or other valuation techniques.  Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, 
including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.  Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be 
realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. 

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in the principal 
or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or 
distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.  If there 
has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation 
technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate.  In such instances, determining the price 
at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions 
depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment.  The fair value is a 
reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. 

Fair Value Hierarchy 

In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally 
measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the 
reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. 

•  Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or 

liabilities in active markets. 

•  Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in 
active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for 
substantially the full term of the financial instrument. 

•  Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value 

measurement. 

Securities 

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation 
hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange 
traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, 
quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. 

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements (continued) 

Level 2 securities would include U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed agency securities, obligations of states 
and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is 
limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the 
valuation hierarchy. Currently, all of the Company’s securities are considered to be Level 2 securities. 

Derivatives Assets/Liabilities – Interest Rate Lock Commitments (IRLCs) 

Beginning in 2020, the Company recognizes IRLCs at fair value based on the price of the underlying loans 
obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis while taking into consideration 
the probability that the rate lock commitments will close.  All of the Company’s IRLCs are classified as Level 3.  
The fair value of interest rate lock commitments was considered immaterial at December 31, 2019 

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring 
basis during the period. 

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements (continued) 

Fair Value at December 31, 2020 

Quoted 
Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical 
Assets 
(Level 1) 

$            - 
          - 
- 
- 
- 

$           - 
- 
$           - 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 
$      2,027 
   41,320 
15,696 
24,773 
6,369 

$    90,185 
- 
$    90,185 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

$            - 
         - 
- 
- 
- 

$           - 
      425 
$      425 

Fair Value at December 31, 2019 

Quoted 
Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical 
Assets 
(Level 1) 

$           - 
          - 
- 
- 
- 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 
$        1,964 
     32,108 
10,264 
11,222 
4,097 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

$         - 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2020 
$      2,027 
   41,320 
15,696 
24,773 
6,369 

$    90,185 
425 
$    90,610 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2019 
$        1,964 
     32,108 
10,264 
11,222 
4,097 

$      59,655 

$           - 

$      59,655 

$           - 

Description 
U.S. Treasuries 
U.S. agency obligations 
Mortgage-backed securities 
Municipals 
Corporates 
Total available-for-sale 
securities 
IRLCs – asset 
Total assets at fair value 

Description 
U.S. Treasuries 
U.S. agency obligations 
Mortgage-backed securities 
Municipals 
Corporates 
Total available-for-sale 
securities 

The following table provides additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring 
basis and for which we have utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value: 

Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) 

Fair Value 

  Valuation Technique(s) 

Unobservable Input 

Range (Weighted 
Average) (1) 

Assets 

IRLCs - asset 

$   425 

  Market approach 

Range of pull through rate 

85% 

113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements (continued) 

Loans held for sale 

Loans held for sale are measured at lower of cost or fair value. Under ASC 820, market value is to represent fair 
value. Management obtains quotes or bids on all or part of these loans directly from the purchasing financial 
institutions. Premiums received or to be received on the quotes or bids are indicative of the fact that cost is lower 
than fair value. Because quotes and bids on loans held for sale are available in active markets, loans held for sale 
are considered to be Level 2.  No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the years ended 
December 31, 2020 and 2019.  Gains and losses on the sale of loans are recorded in noninterest income on the 
Consolidated Statements of Income. 

Impaired loans 

ASC 820 applies to loans measured for impairment at an observable market price (if available), or at the fair value 
of the loan’s collateral (if the loan is collateral dependent). Fair value of the loan’s collateral, when the loan is 
dependent on collateral, is determined by appraisals or independent valuation which is then adjusted for the cost 
related to liquidation of the collateral. 

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, 
it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected 
when due.  The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market 
price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral.  Fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral 
securing the loans.  Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, 
and accounts receivable.  The vast majority of the collateral is real estate.  The value of real estate collateral is 
determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, 
licensed appraiser outside of the Bank using observable market data   The value of business equipment is based 
upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial 
statements if not considered significant using observable market data.  Likewise, values for inventory and 
accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports.  Any fair value 
adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of 
Income.  The carrying values of all impaired loans are considered to be Level 3. 

Other Real Estate Owned 

Certain assets such as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at fair value less cost to sell.  We believe that 
the fair value component in its valuation follows the provisions of ASC 820. 

Real estate acquired through foreclosure is transferred to other real estate owned (“OREO”).  The measurement of 
loss associated with OREO at the date of transfer from loans is based on the fair value of the collateral less 
anticipated selling costs compared to the unpaid loan balance.  Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded in 
noninterest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.  The value of OREO collateral is determined 
utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed 
appraiser outside of the Bank using market data.   

114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements (continued) 

Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and expensed against current earnings.  The 
carrying values of all OREO are considered to be Level 3. 

The following table summarizes the Company’s impaired loans and OREO measured at fair value on a 
nonrecurring basis during the period. 

Description 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2020 

Fair Value at December 31, 2020 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Impaired loans* 

$        1,829 

Other real estate 

$        1,105 

$           - 

$           - 

$           - 

$       1,829 

$          - 

$        1,105 

*Includes loans charged down to the net realizable value of the collateral. 

Description 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2019 

Fair Value at December 31, 2019 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Impaired loans* 

$        1,239 

Other real estate 

$        2,339 

$           - 

$           - 

$           - 

$       1,239 

$          - 

$        2,339 

*Includes loans charged down to the net realizable value of the collateral. 

The following table sets forth information regarding the quantitative inputs used to value assets classified 

as Level 3: 

115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements (continued) 

Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for  
December 31, 2020 
(dollars in thousands) 

Fair 
Value 

Impaired loans 

$   1,829 

  Valuation Technique(s) 
  Discounted appraised 

value 

OREO 

$   1,105 

Discounted appraised 
value 

Unobservable Input 

Range 
(Weighted 
Average) 

Selling cost 

0% - 10% (8%) 

Discount for lack of 

marketability and age 
of appraisal 

0% - 20% (6%) 

Selling cost 

10% 

Discount for lack of 

marketability and age 
of appraisal 

0% - 27% (26%) 

Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for  
December 31, 2019 
(dollars in thousands) 

Fair 
Value 

Impaired loans 

$   1,239 

  Valuation Technique(s) 
  Discounted appraised 

value 

OREO 

$   2,339 

Discounted appraised 
value 

Unobservable Input 

Range 
(Weighted 
Average) 

Selling cost 

0% - 10% (8%) 

Discount for lack of 

marketability and age 
of appraisal 

0% - 20% (6%) 

Selling cost 

0% - 10% (6%) 

Discount for lack of 

marketability and age 
of appraisal 

0% - 25% (15%) 

Financial Instruments 

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments, including 
those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured and reported at fair value on a 
recurring or nonrecurring basis.  ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments 
from its disclosure requirements.  Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily 
represent the underlying fair value of the Company.  The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the 
Company's financial instruments are presented in the following tables whether or not recognized on the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.  Fair values for December 31, 2020 and 2019 were estimated using an 
exit price notion.  

116 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 21 – Fair value measurements (continued) 

Assets 
   Cash and due from banks 
   Fed funds sold 
   Securities 
      Available-for-sale 
      Held-to-maturity 
   Restricted stock 
   Loans, net 
   Loans held for sale 
   Interest receivable 
   BOLI 
   Derivaties 
Liabilities 
   Deposits 
   Capital notes 
   Interest payable 

Assets 
   Cash and due from banks 
   Fed funds sold 
   Securities 
      Available-for-sale 
      Held-to-maturity 
   Restricted stock 
   Loans, net 
   Loans held for sale 
   Interest receivable 
   BOLI 
Liabilities 
   Deposits 
   Capital notes 
   Interest payable 

Carrying 
Amounts 
$    31,683 
69,203 

90,185 
3,671 
1,551 
601,934 
7,102 
2,350 
16,355 
425 

$ 764,967 
10,027 
85 

Carrying 
Amounts 
$    30,794 
8,317 

59,655 
3,688 
1,506 
573,274 
4,221 
1,866 
13,686 

$ 649,459 
5,000 
173 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 using 

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

$    31,683 
69,203 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
  Unobservable 

Inputs 
(Level 3) 

 $      -     
- 

 $      -     
- 

-     
-     
- 
-     
  -     
-     
  -     
- 

90,185 
4,192 
1,551 
- 
7,102 
2,350 
16,355 
- 

- 
- 
- 
598,745 
- 
- 
- 
425 

Balance 
$    31,683 
69,203 

90,185 
4,192 
1,551 
598,745 
7,102 
2,350 
16,355 
425 

 $       -     

- 
  -     

$ 766,212 
9,003 
85 

 $      -     
- 
- 

$ 766,212 
9,003 
85 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 using 

(Level 1) 

(Level 2) 

(Level 3) 

$    30,794 
8,317 

 $      -     
- 

 $      -     
- 

Balance 
$    30,794 
8,317 

-     
-     
- 
-     
  -     
-     
  -     

59,655 
3,861 
1,506 
- 
4,221 
1,866 
13,686 

- 
- 
- 
569,850 
- 
- 
- 

59,655 
3,861 
1,506 
569,850 
4,221 
1,866 
13,686 

 $       -     

- 
  -     

$  651,479 
4,795 
173 

 $      -     
- 
- 

$ 651,479 
4,795 
173 

117 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 22 – Revenue Recognition 

Substantially all of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers that is within the scope of ASC 606, 
“Revenue from Contracts with Customers” is reported within noninterest income.  Certain other in-scope such as 
gains and losses on OREO and gains and losses on premises and equipment are recorded in noninterest expense. 
The recognition of interest income and certain sources of noninterest income (e.g. gains on securities transactions, 
bank-owned life insurance income, gains on loans held-for-sale, etc.) are governed by other areas of U.S. GAAP.  
Significant revenue streams that are within the scope of ASC 606 and included in noninterest income are 
discussed in the following paragraphs. 

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts 

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business 
checking accounts), monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s 
performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related 
revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account 
related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and 
related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily 
received immediately or at the end of the month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. 

Fees, Exchange, and Other Service Charges 

Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, 
merchant services income, treasury services income and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is 
primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed 
through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder 
uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income 
mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to 
account management fees. Treasury services income primarily represents fees charged to customers for sweep, 
positive pay and lockbox services.  Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay 
service, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and 
other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon 
completion. Payment is typically received immediately or at the end of the month.  

Other 

Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as commissions from sales of mutual 
funds and other investments, safety deposit box rental fees, and other miscellaneous revenue streams. 
Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, which is when the 
Company has satisfied its performance obligation. The Company also receives periodic service fees (i.e., trailers) 
from mutual fund companies typically based on a percentage of net asset value. Trailer revenue is recorded over 
time, usually monthly or quarterly, as net asset value is determined. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the  

118 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 22 – Revenue Recognition (continued) 

customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals 
and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of 
the performance obligation.  

Note 23 – Leases 

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that 
modified Topic 842. The Company elected the prospective application approach provided by ASU 2018-11 and 
did not adjust prior periods for ASC 842.  The Company also elected certain practical expedients within the 
standard and consistent with such elections did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or 
contain leases, did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and did not reassess any 
initial direct costs for existing leases.  Implementation of the standard resulted in recognition of right-of-use assets 
and lease liabilities of $3.0 million at the date of adoption, which were related to the Company’s lease of premises 
used in operations. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are included in other assets and other liabilities, 
respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting 
date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows.  Cash flows are discounted at the 
Company’s incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease.  Right-of-use assets 
represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the 
lease liability and if applicable, prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor.  

The Company currently leases five of its operating locations under long-term leases (greater than 12 months).  
Leases for three of these locations are classified as operating leases and two are classified as financing leases.  
Certain of these leases offer the option to extend the lease term and the Company has included such extensions in 
its calculation of the lease liabilities to the extent the options are reasonably certain of being exercised.  The lease 
agreements do not provide for residual value guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact 
dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations. 

The Bank leases its principal Lynchburg, Virginia, location from Jamesview Investments, LLC, a legal entity 
which is wholly-owned by William C. Bryant III, a member of the Board of Directors of both Financial and the 
Bank.  This lease is classified as a finance lease and the related lease liability totaled $3.4 million at December 31, 
2020. 

119 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 23 – Leases (continued) 

The following table represents information about the Company's operating leases: 

(Dollars in thousands) 
Lease liabilities 
Right-of-use assets 
Weighted average remaining lease term 
Weighted average discount rate 

December 31, 

2020 

$                     1,390  
$                     1,360  
14.7 years 
3.44%  

2019 

$                     1,524 
$                     1,508 
14.9 years 
3.39% 

The following table represents information about the Company's finance leases: 

(Dollars in thousands) 
Lease liabilities 
Right-of-use assets 
Weighted average remaining lease term 
Weighted average discount rate 

Lease cost (in thousands) 
Operating lease cost 
Finance lease cost: 
   Amortization of right-of-use assets 
   Interest on lease liabilities 
Total lease cost 

Cash paid for amounts included in measurement 
      of operating lease liabilities 

Cash paid for amounts included in measurement 
      of finance lease liabilities 

December 31, 

2020 

$                     4,093  
$                     3,902  
10.2 years 
2.70%  

2019 

$                     4,422 
$                     4,316 
11.2 years 
2.70% 

For the Year Ended December 31, 
2019 
2020 

$                        197  

$                        365 

 414  
 115  
$                        726  

 242 
 71 
$                        678 

$                        183  

$                        348 

$                        444  

$                        206 

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 23 – Leases (continued) 

A maturity analysis of operating and finance lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total of lease 
liabilities is as follows: 

Lease payments due (in thousands) 

  Twelve months ending December 31, 2021 
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2022 
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2023 
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2024 
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2025 
  Thereafter 
Total undiscounted cash flows 
Discount 
Lease liabilities 

Operating Lease 
Liabilities 
As of 
December 31, 
2020 

$              111 
110 
110 
110 
110 
1,242 
$           1,793 
(403) 
$           1,390 

Finance Lease 
Liabilities 
As of 
December 31, 
2020 

$              454 
454 
454 
479 
515 
2,366 
$           4,722 
(629) 
$           4,093 

Note 24 - Impact of recently issued accounting standards 

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 
(ASU) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses 
on Financial Instruments.”  The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement 
of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, 
current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other 
organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. 
Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those 
techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends 
the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with 
credit deterioration. The FASB has issued multiple updates to ASU 2016-13 as codified in Topic 326, 
including ASU’s 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11, 2020-02, and 2020-03.  These ASU’s have 
provided for various minor technical corrections and improvements to the codification as well as other 
transition matters.  Smaller reporting companies who file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange 
Commission (SEC) and all other entities who do not file with the SEC are required to apply the guidance 
for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022.  The 
Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial 
statements.  The Company has been in discussions with its core processor to coordinate plans for 
implementation and has contracted with an additional vendor to begin implementation. 

Effective November 25, 2019, the SEC adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 119.  SAB 119 
updated portions of SEC interpretative guidance to align with FASB ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – 
Credit Losses.”  It covers topics including (1) measuring current expected credit losses; (2) 
development, governance, and documentation of a systematic methodology; (3) documenting the results 
of a systematic methodology; and (4) validating a systematic methodology. 

121 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 24 - Impact of recently issued accounting standards (continued) 

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the 
Accounting for Income Taxes.”  The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the 
accounting for income taxes by removing specific exceptions to general principles in Topic 740 
(eliminating the need for an organization to analyze whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) 
and improving financial statement preparers’ application of certain income tax-related guidance. This 
ASU is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative to make narrow-scope simplifications and 
improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects.  For public business 
entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim 
periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the 
impact that ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

On March 12, 2020, the SEC finalized amendments to its “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” 
definitions. The amendments increase the threshold criteria for meeting these filer classifications and 
were effective on April 27, 2020. Any changes in filer status are to be applied beginning with the filer’s 
first annual report filed with the SEC subsequent to the effective date.  The rule change revises the 
definition of “accelerated filers” to exclude entities with public float of less than $700 million and less 
than $100 million in annual revenues.  The Company expects to continue to meet this expanded category 
of small reporting company and will remain a non-accelerated filer. 

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08, “Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, 
Receivables – Nonrefundable fees and Other Costs.” This ASU clarifies that an entity should reevaluate 
whether a callable debt security is within the scope of ASC paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting 
period. For public business entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 
2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is not permitted. All entities should 
apply ASU No. 2020-08 on a prospective basis as of the beginning of the period of adoption for existing 
or newly purchased callable debt securities. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-06 
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

In March 2020 (Revised in April 2020), various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors 
of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (“the agencies”) issued 
an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with 
customers affected by the Coronavirus. The interagency statement was effective immediately and 
impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under Accounting Standards Codification 310-40, 
“Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” (“ASC 310-40”), a restructuring of debt 
constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to 
the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. 
The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith 
basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be 
considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, 
fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers  

122 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 24 - Impact of recently issued accounting standards (continued) 

considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time 
a modification program is implemented.   In August 2020, a joint statement on additional loan 
modifications was issued.  Among other things, the Interagency Statement addresses accounting and 
regulatory reporting considerations for loan modifications, including those accounted for under Section 
4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act.  The CARES Act was 
signed into law on March 27, 2020 to help support individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax 
changes and other types of relief.  The most significant impacts of the Act related to accounting for loan 
modifications and establishment of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”).  On December 21, 2020, 
the Consolidated Appropriates Act of 2021 (“CAA”) was passed.  The CAA extends or modifies many 
of the relief programs first created by the CARES Act, including the PPP and treatment of certain loan 
modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic.    Note 26 in the financial statements discusses 
COVID-19 and Current Economic Conditions.  

123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 25 - Condensed financial statements of parent company 

Financial information pertaining only to Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. is as follows: 

Balance Sheet 

Assets 

Cash 
Taxes receivable 

Investment in subsidiaries 

     Other assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity 

Capital notes 
     Other liabilities 
Total Liabilities 

Common stock $2.14 par value 
Additional paid-in-capital 
Retained earnings 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 

Total stockholders’ equity 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 

December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$         4,400  
74  

72,482  

10  

$         212 
15 

66,256 

8 

$   76,966  

$   66,491 

$           10,027 
207 
$           10,234 

$           5,000 
46 
$           5,046 

$   9,286  
30,989  
24,665  
1,792  
$  66,732  

$  76,966  

$   9,325 
31,225 
20,900 

(5) 

$  61,445 

$  66,491 

124 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
   
  
 
   
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
  
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 25 – Condensed financial statements of parent company (continued) 

Statements of Income 

Income 
   Dividends from subsidiary 

Operating expenses 
   Interest on capital notes 
   Legal and professional fees 
   Other expense 

   Total expenses 

   Income tax (benefit) 

Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 

  Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 

Net income 

Years Ended December 31, 
2019 
2020 

$            1,000 

  $            1,800 

273 
159 
136 

200 
166 
147 

    568 

    513 

      (119) 

      (108) 

551 

  4,429 

1,395 

  4,210 

$     4,980 

$     5,605 

125 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 

Note 25 – Condensed financial statements of parent company (continued) 

Statements of Cash Flows 

Cash flows from operating activities 
   Net income 

Years Ended December 31, 

2020 

2019 

$       4,980 

$       5,605 

   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities 
     Amortization of debt issuance costs 
     (Increase) decrease in income taxes receivable 
     (Increase) decrease in other assets 
     Increase (decrease) in other liabilities 
     Equity in undistributed net (income) of subsidiaries 

2 
(59) 
(2) 
161 
(4,429) 

- 
10 
11 
(12) 
(4,210) 

     Net cash provided by operating activities 

$         651 

$       1,404 

Cash flows from financing activities 
    Dividends paid to common stockholders 
    Retirement of capital notes 
    Proceeds from sale of capital notes, net of issuance costs 
    Repurchase of common stock 

$   (1,215) 
(5,000) 
10,025 
(275) 

$   (1,226) 
- 
- 
(315) 

     Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

$      3,537 

$   (1,541) 

     Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

$      4,188 

$      (137) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

212 

349 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

$     4,400 

$        212 

Note 26 – COVID-19 and Current Economic Conditions 

Beginning in March 2020 and through the end of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on 
our communities, customers, and operations.  COVID-19 continues to have an impact in 2021, however, the 
duration and extent of its effects over the longer term are dependent on future developments and cannot be 
reasonably estimated at this time.  Risks arising from the pandemic may impact the future earnings, cash flows, 
and financial condition of the Company.  These risks, which are inherently uncertain, primarily include: the 
financial impact of the pandemic on our customers, the ability of those customers to fulfill their financial 
obligations to the Company, potential operational disruptions, the Company’s ability to generate demand for its 
products and services, and adverse changes in the valuation of collateral or other assets which may result in 
impairment charges.  Accordingly, estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements may be subject to 
significant adjustments in future periods due to the unprecedented and evolving nature of the pandemic.  The 
greater the duration and severity of the pandemic, the more likely that estimates will be materially impacted by its 
effects. 

126 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 

There has been no change in the independent accountants engaged to audit the financial statements of the 

Company and its subsidiaries during the last two fiscal years ended December 31, 2020. There have been no 
disagreements with such independent accountants during the last two fiscal years ended December 31, 2020, on 
any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure. 

Item 9A. 

Controls and Procedures 

Financial’s management, including Financial’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, 
conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term 
is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, 
(the “Exchange Act”) as of December 31, 2020.  Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and 
principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, Financial’s disclosure 
controls and procedures were effective for the purpose of ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in 
the reports that Financial files or submits under the Exchange Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(the “SEC”) (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s 
rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal 
executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  
Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute 
assurance that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover every situation involving 
the failure of persons within the Company or its subsidiary to disclose material information required to be set 
forth in the Company’s periodic reports. 

Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting is incorporated herein by 

reference to Financial’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K. 

There have been no significant changes during the quarter ended December 31, 2020, in the Company’s 
internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) or in 
other factors that could have significantly affected those controls subsequent to the date of our most recent 
evaluation of internal controls over financial reporting, including any corrective actions with regard to significant 
deficiencies and material weaknesses. 

Item 9B. 

Other Information 

None. 

Item 10. 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

PART III 

Part of the response to this Item will be included in the information set forth under the headings 
“Nominees and Continuing Directors,” “Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors Matters,” “Director 
and Officer Biographical Information,” and “Committees of the Board of Directors of Financial” in Financial’s 
definitive Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which Proxy Statement will be filed 
with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the Financial’s 2020 fiscal year (the “2021 Proxy Statement”), and 
such information is hereby incorporated by reference 

Financial has adopted a code of ethics that applies to Financial’s directors, executive officers (including 

the principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions), 
and senior officers. The code of ethics has been posted under the “Investor Relations” section on Financial’s 
website: www.bankofthejames.bank.  

127 

 
 
 
Item 11. 

Executive Compensation 

The response to this Item will be included in the information set forth under the headings “Compensation 

of Directors and Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors Matters,” and 
“Committees of the Board of Directors of Financial” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and such information is hereby 
incorporated by reference. 

Item 12. 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters 

The information required by this Item will be included in the information set forth under the headings 

“Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans,” “Corporate Governance and the Board of 
Directors Matters – Independence of Directors,” and “Security Ownership of Management” in the 2021 Proxy 
Statement and is hereby incorporated by reference. 

Item 13. 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 

The response to this Item will be included in the information set forth under the heading “Transactions 

with Related Parties” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and is hereby incorporated by reference. 

Item 14. 

Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

The response to this Item will be included in the information set forth under the heading “Independent 

Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the 2021 Proxy Statement and is hereby incorporated by reference. 

Item 15. 

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 

PART IV 

(a)(1)  Financial Statements.  Listed and included in Part II, Item 8. 

     (2)  Financial Statement Schedules.  Not applicable. 

     (3)  Exhibits.  The following exhibits are filed as a part of this Form 10-K and this list includes the 

Exhibit Index: 

No. 

Description 

2.1  Agreement  and  Plan  of  Share  Exchange  dated  October  9,  2003  between  Bank  of  the  James 
Financial  Group,  Inc.  and  Bank  of  the  James,  dated  as  of  October  9,  2003  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K12g-3 filed on January 13, 2004) 

3.1  Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. 

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2009) 

3.2  Bylaws of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to 

Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021) 

4.1  Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated 

by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 10-KSB filed on March 26, 2004) 

10.1  Amended and Restated Deed of Lease effective as of June 1, 2019 by and between Bank of the 
James and Jamesview Investments LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K 
filed on March 10, 2020  

128 

 
 
 
 
 
10.2  Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, made as of November 23, 2015, between Bank of the 
James Financial Group, Inc. and each institutional investor purchasing common shares of Bank 
of the James Financial Group, Inc. in the private placement that closed on December 3, 2015 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2015) 

10.3  Salary Continuation Agreement dated as of August 6, 2009 by and between the Bank and Robert 
R. Chapman III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2009) 

10.4  Salary Continuation Agreement dated as of August 6, 2009 by and between the Bank and J. Todd 
Scruggs (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2009) 

10.5  Salary Continuation Agreement dated as of August 6, 2009 by and between the Bank and Harry 
P. Umberger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2009) 

10.6  First  Amended  Salary  Continuation  Agreement  dated  effective as of  October  1,  2016 by and 
between the Bank and Robert R. Chapman III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 
8-K filed on October 21, 2016) 

10.7  First  Amended  Salary  Continuation  Agreement  dated  effective as of  October  1,  2016 by and 
between the Bank and J. Todd Scruggs (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K 
filed on October 21, 2016) 

10.8  First  Amended  Salary  Continuation  Agreement  dated  effective as of  October  1,  2016 by and 
between the Bank and Harry P. Umberger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-
K filed on October 21, 2016) 

10.9  2016 Salary Continuation Agreement dated effective as of October 1, 2016 by and between the 
Bank and Harry P. Umberger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed on 
October 21, 2016) 

10.10  Dividend Reinvestment Plan (Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement on Form S-3, 

filed on August 21, 2017) 

10.11  2018 Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 

to Schedule 14A Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) filed on April 9, 2018). 

10.12  2018 Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by 

reference to Schedule 14A Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) filed on April 9, 2018). 

21.1  List of subsidiaries (filed herewith) 

23.1  Consent of Yount, Hyde and Barbour, P.C. (filed herewith) 

31.1  Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (filed herewith) 

31.2  Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (filed herewith) 

32.1 

Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 (filed herewith) 

101  Pursuant  to  Rule  405  of  Regulation  S-T,  the  following  materials  from  Bank  of  the  James 
Financial Group, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, 
formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets 
as of December 31, 2020 and 2019; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income For the Years ended 
December 31, 2020 and 2019; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended 

129 

 
 
December 31, 2020 and 2019 (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 
and Comprehensive Income For the Years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019; (v) Notes to 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Item 16.  

Form 10–K Summary - Not required 

130 

 
 
 
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on 

behalf of the registrant and in the capacities as of March 29, 2021.  

SIGNATURES 

Signature 

/S/ Robert R. Chapman III 
Robert R. Chapman III 

/S/ J. Todd Scruggs 
J. Todd Scruggs 

/S/ Thomas W. Pettyjohn, Jr. 
Thomas W. Pettyjohn, Jr. 

/S/ Lewis C. Addison 
Lewis C. Addison 

/S/ John R. Alford, Jr. 
John R. Alford, Jr. 

/S/ William C. Bryant III 
William C. Bryant III 

/S/ A. Douglas Dalton III 
A. Douglas Dalton III 

/S/ James F. Daly 
James F. Daly 

/S/ Julie P. Doyle 
Julie P. Doyle 

/S/ Watt R. Foster, Jr. 
Watt R. Foster, Jr. 

/S/ Phillip C. Jamerson   
Phillip C. Jamerson 

/S/ Lydia K. Langley 
Lydia K. Langley 

/S/ Augustus A. Petticolas, Jr. 
Augustus A. Petticolas, Jr. 

Capacity 

President (Principal Executive Officer) 
and Director 

Secretary and Treasurer (Principal 
Financial Officer and Principal 
Accounting Officer) and Director 

Director, Chairman 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

131 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
List of Subsidiaries 

Exhibit 21.1 

Subsidiary 
Bank of the James 

Jurisdiction or State of 
Incorporation 
Virginia 

Names Under Which Subsidiary Does 
Business 

Bank of the James 
Bank of the James Mortgage 
Bank of the James Mortgage, a Division of 

Bank of the James 
BOTJ Investment Services 

BOTJ Insurance, Inc. 

Virginia 

BOTJ Insurance, Inc. 

BOTJ Investment Group, Inc.  

Virginia 

Inactive 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  Registration  Statement  (No. 333-220084) on  Form S-3 and  Registration 
Statement  (No. 333-226222) on  Form S-8 of  Bank  of  the  James  Financial  Group,  Inc.  of  our  report  dated  March 29, 2021, 
relating to our audit of the consolidated financial statements  included in the Annual Report  on Form 10-K of Bank  of the 
James Financial Group, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

Exhibit 23.1 

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. 

Winchester, Virginia 
March 29, 2021 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification—Principal Executive Officer 

Exhibit 31.1 

I, Robert R. Chapman III, President of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc. certify that: 

(1) 

(2) 

I have reviewed this Form 10-K of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc.; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or 

omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which 
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

(3) 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this 

report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

(4) 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining 

disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal 
control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and 
have: 

(a) 

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and 

procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, 
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the 
period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control 

over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles;  

(c) 

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and 

presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the 
end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d) 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial 

reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in 
the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

(5) 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent 

evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the 
registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

(a) 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal 

control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and 

(b) 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who 

have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date:  March 29, 2021 

By /S/ Robert R. Chapman III 
     Robert R. Chapman III 

President (Principal Executive Officer) and Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.2 

Certification—Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer 

I, J. Todd Scruggs, Secretary and Treasurer of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc., certify that:  

(1) 

(2) 

I have reviewed this Form 10-K of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc.; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or 

omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which 
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

(3) 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this 

report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

(4) 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining 

disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal 
control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and 
have: 

(a) 

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and 

procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, 
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the 
period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control 

over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c) 

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and 

presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the 
end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d) 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial 

reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in 
the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

(5) 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent 

evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the 
registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

(a) 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal 

control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and 

(b) 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who 

have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date:  March 29, 2021 

By /S/ J. Todd Scruggs   
J. Todd Scruggs 
Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer 
and Principal Accounting Officer) and Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

Exhibit 32.1 

Robert R. Chapman III, Chief Executive Officer of Bank of the James Financial Group, Inc., a Virginia 

corporation (the “Company”) and J. Todd Scruggs, Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and 
Principal Accounting Officer), each certify in his capacity as an officer of the Company that he has reviewed the 
annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Report”) and to the best of his 
knowledge: 

1. 

the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities 

Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and  

2. 

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial 

condition and results of the Company as of the dates and for the periods covered by the Report. 

9 

BANK OF THE JAMES FINANCIAL 
GROUP, INC. 

Date:  March 29, 2021 

Date:  March 29, 2021 

By /S/ Robert R. Chapman III 
Robert R. Chapman III 
President and Director (Principal Executive 
Officer) 

By /S/ J. Todd Scruggs   
J. Todd Scruggs 
Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial 
Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)