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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 001-37385
Baozun Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
No. 1-9, Lane 510, West Jiangchang Road
Shanghai 200436
The People’s Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Arthur Yu, Chief Financial Officer
No. 1-9, Lane 510, West Jiangchang Road
Shanghai 200436
The People’s Republic of China
Telephone: +86 21 6080-9991
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class
American Depositary Shares, each representing
three Class A Ordinary Shares, par value
US$0.0001 per share
Class A Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001
per share
Trading Symbol(s)
BZUN
Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(The Nasdaq Global Select Market)
9991
The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
As of December 31, 2022, there were 176,401,611 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, par value US$0.0001 per share, being the sum of
163,100,873 Class A ordinary shares and 13,300,738 Class B ordinary shares.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐ Yes ☒ No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
☐ Yes ☒ No
Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to fi le reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such
files).
☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company.
See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected
not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of
the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting
Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal
control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that
prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the
filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ☒
International Financial Reporting
Standards as issued by the International
Accounting Standards Board ☐
Other ☐
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to
follow.
☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes ☒ No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
☐ Yes ☐ No
Auditor Name
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP
Auditor Location
Shanghai, China
Auditor Firm ID
1113
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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
PART I
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Page
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report to:
● “ADRs” are to the American depositary receipts, which, if issued, evidence our ADSs;
● “ADSs” are to our American depositary shares, each of which represents three Class A ordinary shares;
● “Baozun,” “we,” “us,” “our company,” and “our,” are to Baozun Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company, formerly
known as Baozun Cayman Inc. and unless the context requires otherwise, includes its consolidated subsidiaries and
variable interest entity and its subsidiaries;
● “brand e-commerce” are to business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce conducted through official brand stores, official
marketplace stores, or official stores on other channels;
● “brand partners” are to companies for which we provide services including but not limited to online store operations (such
as operating or having entered into agreements to operate official brand stores, official marketplace stores, or official stores
on other channels under their brand names), digital marketing, IT solutions, warehousing and fulfillment;
● “China” and the “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this annual report only,
Taiwan, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macau Special Administrative Region;
● “Distribution GMV” are to the GMV under the distribution business model;
● “GMV” are to gross merchandise volume, and when used in connection with our business, include (i) the full value of all
purchases transacted and settled on the stores operated by us (including, prior to its closure in 2017, our Maikefeng
marketplace but excluding stores for the operations of which we only charge fixed fees) and (ii) the full value of purchases
for which consumers have placed orders and paid deposits on such stores and which have been settled offline. Our
calculation of GMV includes value added tax and excludes (i) shipping charges, (ii) surcharges and other taxes, (iii) value
of the goods that are returned and (iv) deposits for purchases that have not been settled;
● “HK$” or “Hong Kong dollars” or “HK dollars” are to Hong Kong dollars, the lawful currency of Hong Kong;
● “Hong Kong” or “HK” or “Hong Kong S.A.R.” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC;
● “Hong Kong Listing Rules” are to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
Limited, as amended or supplemented from time to time;
● “Hong Kong Share Registrar” are to Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited;
● “Hong Kong Stock Exchange” are to The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited;
● “Non-distribution GMV” are to the GMV under the service fee business model and the consignment business model;
● “O2O” are to online-to-offline and offline-to-online commerce;
● “official brand stores” are to brands’ official online stores;
● “official marketplace stores” are to brands’ flagship stores and authorized stores on third-party online marketplaces;
● “RMB” and “Renminbi” are to the legal currency of China;
● “ordinary shares” are to our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;
● “US$”, “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States; and
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● “VIE” are to variable interest entity, and “our VIE” are to Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd., or Shanghai Zunyi,
our PRC consolidated VIE.
Solely for the convenience of the reader, certain RMB amounts and Hong Kong dollar amount have been translated into U.S.
dollars at specified rates. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from RMB and Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars
to RMB and Hong Kong dollars were made at a rate of RMB6.8972 to US$1.00 and HK$7.8015 to US$1.00, the respective exchange
rates as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 30, 2022. As of April 21, 2023, the
exchange rate in effect was RMB6.8920 to US$1.00 and HK$7.8475 to US$1.00, respectively. We make no representation that the RMB,
Hong Kong dollar or U.S. dollar amounts referred to herein could have been or could be converted to U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case
may be, at any particular rate, or at all.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this annual report on Form 20-F, including those statements contained under the captions “Item
4. Information on the Company” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” that are not statements of historical fact,
are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act,
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements can be generally identified by the use of terms such as “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,”
“aims,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “confident,” “potential,” “continues,” “ongoing,” “targets,” “guidance,”
“going forward,” “outlook” “may,” “could,” “would,” “projects,” the negatives of such terms, or comparable terms. In addition to the
statements contained in this Form 20-F, we (or our directors or executive officers authorized to speak on our behalf) from time to time
may make forward-looking statements, orally or in writing, regarding Baozun (including its subsidiaries and variable interest entity and
its subsidiaries) and its business, including in press releases, oral presentations, filings under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or
securities laws of other countries, and filings with The Nasdaq Global Select Market or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or other stock
exchanges.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictors of future events. Such forward-looking statements represent
our judgment or expectations regarding the future, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual events and our future
results to be materially different than expected by us or indicated by such statements. Such risks and uncertainties include in particular
(but are not limited to) the risks and uncertainties related to the following: The online retail industry may not grow at the rate projected
by market data, or at all. Failure of this market to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and
the market price of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares. In addition, the rapidly changing nature of the online retail industry results in
significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore,
if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the
projections based on these assumptions. See also the information under “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in
this annual report for a more complete discussion of these risks, assumptions and uncertainties and for other risks and uncertainties.
These risks, assumptions and uncertainties are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could harm our
results. We undertake no obligation, and specifically decline any obligation, to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements,
whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-
looking events discussed in this annual report might not occur.
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PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
Our Corporate Structure and Contractual Arrangements with our VIE
Baozun Inc. is not a PRC operating company but a Cayman Islands holding company with operations primarily conducted
through (i) our PRC subsidiaries and (ii) contractual arrangements with our VIE and its subsidiaries. Shanghai Zunyi holds a value -
added telecommunication license, covering internet information services rendered through mobile network, or an ICP license. Shanghai
Zunyi previously operated our Maikefeng marketplace, an e-commerce platform for other trading parties which was closed in 2017 and
for which direct foreign investment was prohibited under the PRC laws. Shanghai Zunyi previously provided, and now continues to
provide, brand e-commerce service to our brand partners, for which direct foreign investment is allowed under the PRC laws. Shanghai
Zunyi is 80% owned by Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and 20% owned by Mr. Michael
Qingyu Zhang, our co-founder. Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang are both PRC citizens. Revenues from Shanghai
Zunyi contributed to 9.8%, 8.6% and 6.8% of our total net revenues in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Investors in our ADSs are not
purchasing equity interest in our VIE in China, but instead are purchasing equity interest in a holding company incorporated in the
Cayman Islands.
We entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders, which enable us to:
● exercise effective control over Shanghai Zunyi;
● receive substantially all of the economic benefits of Shanghai Zunyi; and
● have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in Shanghai Zunyi when and to the extent
permitted by PRC law.
Such contractual arrangements include: (i) an exclusive technology service agreement; (ii) an exclusive call option agreement;
(iii) a proxy agreement; and (iv) equity interest pledge agreements. Because of these contractual arrangements, we are the primary
beneficiary of Shanghai Zunyi and hence consolidate its financial results as our VIE. For a description of these contractual arrangements,
see “Item 4. Information on the Company — C. Organizational Structure — Contractual Arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and Its
Shareholders.”
These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIE. If our
VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial
costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC laws,
including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages. We cannot assure you such remedies will be effective.
See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Any failure by our VIE or its
shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our
business,” “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — We rely on contractual
arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for a portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct
ownership in providing operational control.” and “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate
Structure — Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would
have a material and adverse effect on our business.”
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Our business and operations are primarily based in the PRC, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations, and the
interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. As an
online distributor of goods, we are subject to numerous PRC laws and regulations that regulate retailers generally or govern online
retailers specifically. Such legal requirements are frequently changed and subject to interpretation, and we are unable to predict the
ultimate cost of compliance with these requirements or their effect on our operations. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors
— Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China — There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and
enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations”, “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in
the People’s Republic of China — We are subject to laws that are applicable to retailers, including advertising and promotion laws and
consumer protection laws that could require us to modify our current business practices and incur increased costs” and “Item 3. Key
Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China — Failure to comply with the
relatively new E-Commerce Law may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.”
There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and
rules. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to contractual arrangement structures will be adopted or if
adopted, what they would provide. If we or our VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail
to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to
impose penalties that would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. If the imposition of any of these
government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of Shanghai Zunyi or our right to receive substantially all the
economic benefits and residual returns from Shanghai Zunyi and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in
a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of Shanghai Zunyi in our consolidated financial
statements. For a detailed description of the risks associated with our corporate structure, please refer to risks disclosed under “Item 3.
Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
Pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit
reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the PCAOB for two consecutive years,
the SEC will prohibit our shares or ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in
the United States. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable
to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including our
auditor. In May 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our
annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that
vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is
unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we do not expect to be identified as a
Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we file this annual report on Form 20-F.
Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms in
mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect
and investigate completely registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use an accounting
firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be
identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can
be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified
for two consecutive years, we would become subject to the prohibition on trading under the HFCAA. See “Item 3. Key Information —
D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs — The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor
in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements. If the PCAOB in the future determines again that it is unable to
inspect and investigate accounting firms in certain jurisdictions including where the office of our auditor is located, we and investors in
our ADSs would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections” and “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Related to
Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs — Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the
PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms in certain jurisdictions including where the
office of our auditor is located. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the
value of your investment.”
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Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations
Our business is subject to supervision and regulation by relevant PRC government authorities, including without limitation the
Ministry of Commerce of the PRC, or the MOFCOM, the PRC Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT, the PRC
State Administration for Market Regulation (formerly known as the SAIC), or the SAMR and National Medical Products Administration.
We currently hold all material licenses and permits required for our business operations, including a value -added telecommunication
license, or a VAT license, for domestic call center services and internet information services, a VAT license for online data processing and
transaction processing business (operational e-commerce), Food Production Permit, Food Operation Permits, Publication Operation
Permit, Road Transportation Operation Permit, Permits for Travel Business, Permits for Liquor Circulation and Medical Device
Operation Enterprise Permit. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew these licenses and permits upon their
expiration or to expand the current business scope of these licenses and permits when required, obtain any license or permit that is in
application, or obtain new licenses or permits in the future as a result of our business expansion, change in our business operations or
change in laws and regulations applicable to us. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors —
Risks Relating to Our Business — Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business or failure to comply
with PRC laws and regulations may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”
Furthermore, in connection with our issuance of securities to foreign investors in the past, under current PRC laws, regulations,
and rules, as of the date of this annual report, we, our PRC subsidiaries, and our VIE (i) are not required to obtain permissions from or
complete filings with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, (ii) are not required to go through cybersecurity review
by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, and (iii) have not received or were not denied such requisite permissions by any
PRC authority.
However, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are
conducted overseas by and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. On February 17, 2023, China Securities Regulatory
Commission, or the CSRC, released several regulations regarding the filing requirements for overseas offerings and listings by domestic
companies, including the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies and five
supporting guidelines (collectively, the “Overseas Listing Filing Rules”), which was formally implemented on March 31, 2023.
According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, domestic enterprises like us that have completed overseas listings are not required to file
with CSRC immediately, but shall carry out filing procedures as required if we conduct refinancing or fall within other circumstances
that require filing with the CSRC. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such procedures could subject
us to restrictions and penalties imposed by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which could include fines and penalties on our
operations in China, delays of or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from our offshore offerings into China, or other actions
that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, as well as the trading
price of our ADSs. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business in
the People’s Republic of China - The approval of and/or filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in
connection with our offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to
obtain such approval or complete such filing.”
Cash Transfers and Dividend Distribution
Baozun Inc., our Cayman Islands holding company, or the Parent, transfers cash to our wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiaries,
by making capital contributions or providing loans, and our Hong Kong subsidiaries transfers cash to our PRC subsidiaries by making
capital contributions or providing loans to them.
Because the Parent and its subsidiaries control our VIE, through contractual arrangements, we are not able to make direct capital
contribution to our VIE and its subsidiaries. However, we may transfer cash to our VIE by loans or collect cash from our VIE for inter-
group transactions.
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The following table sets forth the amount of the transfers for the periods presented.
Capital contributions from Hong Kong subsidiaries to PRC subsidiaries
Loans from Parent to Hong Kong subsidiaries
Repayment from Hong Kong subsidiaries to Parent
Loans from Hong Kong subsidiaries to PRC subsidiaries
Amounts paid by our VIE to PRC subsidiaries
2020
Years Ended December 31,
2021
(RMB in thousands)
2022
608,841
2,809,271
—
371,925
735,580
383,585
—
2,256,302
867,646
757,749
—
—
1,127,579
1,049,077
152,201
Our VIE may transfer cash to Shanghai Baozun E-Commerce Limited, or the WFOE, by paying service fees according to the
exclusive technology service agreement. Pursuant to the exclusive technology service agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to
provide specified technology services to VIE. Without the prior written consent of WFOE, VIE may not accept the same or similar
technology services provided by any third party during the term of the agreement. VIE agrees to pay to WFOE a service fee of 95% of
the net revenues of VIE and extra service fees for additional services provided by WFOE as requested by VIE within three months after
each calendar year for the services provided in the preceding year. Considering the future operating and cashflow needs of our VIE, for
the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, no service fees were charged to our VIE by WFOE, and no payments were made by
our VIE under the Exclusive Technology Service Agreement. If there is any amount payable to WFOE under the contractual agreements,
our VIE will settle the amount accordingly.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, no dividends or distributions were made to the Parent by our
subsidiaries. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, no dividends or distributions were made to U.S. investors.
For purposes of illustration, the following discussion reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid within
mainland China, assuming that: (i) we have taxable earnings, and (ii) we determine to pay a dividend in the future:
Hypothetical pre-tax earnings(2)
Tax on earnings at statutory rate of 25%(3)
Net earnings available for distribution
Withholding tax at standard rate of 10%(4)
Net distribution to Parent/Shareholders
Notes:
Taxation Scenario(1)
Statutory Tax and Standard Rates
100 %
25 %
75 %
10 %
67.5 %
(1) For purposes of this example, the tax calculation has been simplified. The hypothetical book pre-tax earnings amount, not
considering timing differences, is assumed to equal taxable income in China.
(2) Under the terms of the exclusive technology service agreement, WFOE may charge our VIE for services provided to our VIE. These
fees shall be recognized as expenses of our VIE, with a corresponding amount as service income by WFOE and eliminate in
consolidation. For income tax purposes, our WFOE and our VIE file income tax returns on a separate company basis. The fees paid
are recognized as a tax deduction by our VIE and as income by WFOE and are tax neutral.
(3) Certain of our subsidiaries qualifies for a 15% preferential income tax rate in China. However, such rate is subject to qualification, is
temporary in nature, and may not be available in a future period when distributions are paid. For purposes of this hypothetical
example, the table above reflects a maximum tax scenario under which the full statutory rate would be effective.
(4) The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign invested
enterprise, or FIE, to its immediate holding company outside of China. A lower withholding income tax rate of 5% is applied if the
FIE’s immediate holding company is registered in Hong Kong or other jurisdictions that have a tax treaty arrangement with China,
subject to a qualification review at the time of the distribution. For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above assumes a
maximum tax scenario under which the full withholding tax would be applied.
8
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The table above has been prepared under the assumption that 95% of the net revenues of our VIE will be distributed as fees to
WFOE under tax neutral contractual arrangements. If, in the future, the accumulated earnings of our VIE exceed the fees paid to WFOE
(or if the current and contemplated fee structure between the intercompany entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by
Chinese tax authorities), our VIE could, as a matter of last resort, make a non-deductible transfer to our PRC subsidiaries for the amounts
of the stranded cash in our VIE. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for our VIE but still taxable income for
WFOE.
Baozun Inc. is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations primarily through our
subsidiaries and our VIE in China. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our PRC subsidiaries. If our
existing PRC subsidiaries or any newly formed ones incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt
may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us. In addition, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China are permitted to pay
dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with their articles of association and PRC
accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, each of our subsidiaries and our VIE in China is required to set aside at least 10%
of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of the entity’s
registered capital. Each of our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting
standards to a discretionary surplus fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as
cash dividends. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned company out of China is subject to examination by the banks
designated by SAFE. As of December 31, 2022, the amount restricted, including paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds, was
RMB2,361.6 million (US$342.4 million). Our PRC subsidiaries have not paid dividends and will not be able to pay dividends until they
generate accumulated profits and meet the requirements for statutory reserve funds.
9
Table of Contents
Financial Information Related to Our VIE
The following table presents the condensed consolidating balance sheet data for our VIE and other entities as of the dates
presented.
Baozun Inc. Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
adjustments
Totals
As of December 31, 2022
VIE and VIE’s Eliminating Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories, net
Advances to suppliers
Prepayments and other current assets
Amounts due from related parties
Amounts due from subsidiaries and VIE
Investments in and amount due from subsidiaries and VIE
Investments in equity investees
Property and equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Land use right, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Other non-current assets
Deferred tax assets
Total assets
Short-term loan
Accounts payable
Notes payable
Income tax payables
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Derivative liabilities
Amounts due to related parties
Current operating lease liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Long-term operating lease liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Total liabilities
783,543
1,316,401
101,704
757,373
6,233,974
942,837
424,051
10,195,321
77,540
—
—
5,829,241
694,265
271,284
39,490
847,047
336,326
65,114
162,509
28,294,477
1,016,071
3,439,358
487,837
46,828
11,933,627
—
30,434
235,445
28,082
673,955
62,450
17,954,087
—
138,052
—
—
—
2,060
—
1,434,838
2,114,145
10,019
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,482,657
—
—
—
—
33,737
364,758
—
—
—
—
—
398,495
10
(in RMB thousands)
44,076
—
—
295,409
160
2,041
437,658
3
—
—
—
1,495
38,126
—
—
—
—
—
818,968
—
201,321
—
959
212,140
—
15,727
—
—
—
—
430,147
— 2,144,020
101,704
—
895,425
—
2,292,678
(4,236,705)
942,997
—
372,612
(53,480)
554,415
(10,080,624)
93,270
15,727
—
(1,434,838)
—
(2,114,145)
269,693
(5,569,567)
694,446
(1,314)
310,724
1,314
39,490
—
847,047
—
336,326
—
65,114
—
162,509
—
10,122,470
(23,473,632)
—
(3,165,947)
—
(959)
(11,153,964)
—
(15,727)
—
—
—
—
(14,336,597)
1,016,071
474,732
487,837
46,828
1,025,540
364,758
30,434
235,445
28,082
673,955
62,450
4,446,132
Table of Contents
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories, net
Advances to suppliers
Prepayments and other current assets
Amounts due from related parties
Amounts due from subsidiaries and VIE
Investments in and amount due from subsidiaries and VIE
Investments in equity investees
Property and equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Land use right, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Other non-current assets
Deferred tax assets
Total assets
Short-term loan
Accounts payable
Notes payable
Income tax payables
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Amounts due to related parties
Current operating lease liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Long-term operating lease liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Total liabilities
Baozun Inc.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
adjustments
Totals
As of December 31, 2021
VIE and VIE’s Eliminating Consolidated
2,698,474
1,894,125
—
93,219
— 4,747,333
— 1,070,534
545,751
—
8,400,000
106,282
68,984
—
—
2,189,936
2,440,880
—
5,811,748
110,479
652,641
—
380,574
—
40,516
—
— 1,095,570
397,904
—
—
87,926
114,200
—
26,205,374
6,741,702
1,740,004
548,461
— 2,223,190
529,603
—
94,298
33,692
10,033,408
11,041
—
73,794
278,176
—
51,525
—
883,495
—
125,985
—
14,781,329
1,845,343
(in RMB thousands)
— 4,606,545
13,946
93,219
—
—
2,260,918
(2,785,665)
299,250
— 1,073,567
3,033
527,973
(53,349)
35,571
572,774
(8,096,060)
162,552
68,984
420
(420)
—
— (2,189,936)
—
— (2,440,880)
330,788
— (5,591,439)
652,886
(1,552)
395,210
1,552
40,516
—
— 1,095,570
397,904
—
87,926
—
114,200
—
12,318,980
(21,157,749)
1,797
13,084
—
—
—
—
—
529,653
—
140,451
—
497
27,538
—
—
—
—
—
168,486
(1,869,562)
—
(497)
(9,087,468)
—
—
—
—
—
(10,957,527)
— 2,288,465
494,079
529,603
127,990
984,519
73,794
278,176
51,525
883,495
125,985
5,837,631
The following table presents the condensed consolidating statements of operations for our VIE and other entities for the periods
presented.
Net Revenues
Net (loss) income
Net Revenues
Net (loss) income
Net Revenues
Net income
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
VIE and VIE’s
Eliminating
Baozun Inc. Subsidiaries Subsidiaries adjustments
(in RMB thousands)
Consolidated
Totals
—
(653,290)
10,556,756
(635,285)
616,206
24,911
(2,772,331)
653,290
8,400,631
(610,374)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
VIE and VIE’s
Eliminating
Baozun Inc. Subsidiaries Subsidiaries adjustments
(in RMB thousands)
Consolidated
Totals
—
(219,830)
10,822,359
(253,053)
809,547
47,090
(2,235,650)
219,830
9,396,256
(205,963)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Baozun Inc.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
adjustments
Totals
VIE and VIE’s Eliminating Consolidated
—
425,992
9,804,668
338,637
(in RMB thousands)
869,580
87,897
(1,822,685)
(425,992)
8,851,563
426,534
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The following table presents condensed consolidating cash flow data for our VIE and other entities for the years ended
presented.
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
VIE and VIE’s
Eliminating
Baozun Inc.
Subsidiaries Subsidiaries adjustments
(in RMB thousands)
Consolidated
Totals
(116,410)
989,527
(2,112,641)
(508,612)
(76,617)
(248,445)
31,698
(4,053)
—
975,929
(2,215,518)
213,794
382,605
(1,306,661)
(1,650,402)
Baozun Inc. Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Adjustments
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
VIE and VIE’s
Eliminating
Consolidated
Totals
(43,628)
1,736,165
(74,513)
(2,579,716)
(915,121)
1,197,027
(in RMB thousands)
(7,440)
(10,246)
—
2,534,677
(434,978)
(372,561)
(96,107)
375,820
749,953
Baozun Inc.
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
VIE and VIE’s
Subsidiaries Subsidiaries adjustments
(in RMB thousands)
Eliminating
Consolidated
Totals
(42,268)
(2,846,452)
3,101,540
3,155,662
(764,470)
216,606
14,050
(15,997)
—
(2,817,430)
3,010,552
(651,309)
310,014
(616,367)
2,666,837
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
A. [Reserved]
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Summary of Risk Factors
An investment in our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares involves significant risks. Below is a summary of material risks we
face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors.”
Risks Related to Our Business
● If the e-commerce market in China does not grow, or grows more slowly than we expect, demand for our services and
solutions could be adversely affected.
● If the complexities and challenges faced by brand partners seeking to sell online diminish, or if our brand partners increase
their in-house e-commerce capabilities as an alternative to our solutions and services, demand for our solutions and
services could be adversely affected.
● Our success is tied to the success of our existing and future brand partners for which we operate their brand e-commerce
business.
● If we are unable to retain our existing brand partners, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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● We may continue to incur losses in the future and may not be able to return to and subsequently maintain profitability.
● If we fail to maintain our relationships with e-commerce channels or adapt ourselves to emerging e-commerce channels, or
if e-commerce channels otherwise curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our solutions with their channels, our solutions
would be less appealing to existing and potential brand partners.
● We rely on the success of certain e-commerce channels such as Tmall.
● Under the consignment model and service fee model, a variable portion of the revenues we generate from certain brand
partners is based upon the amount of GMV, and any change to such pricing mechanism may adversely affect our financial
results.
● We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
● Material disruption of e-commerce channels could prevent us from providing services to our brand partners and reduce
sales in stores operated by us.
● The proper functioning of our technology platform is essential to our business. Any failure to maintain the satisfactory
performance of our platform could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation.
● We have experienced rapid growth in recent years, and failure to manage our growth and return to or maintain profitability
could harm our business and prospects.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
● If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to Shanghai Zunyi do not comply with PRC
regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of
existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in
those operation.
● We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for a portion of our business operations, which may
not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.
Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China
● Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.
● There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.
● We are subject to laws that are applicable to retailers, including advertising and promotion laws and consumer protection
laws that could require us to modify our current business practices and incur increased costs.
● Failure to comply with the relatively new E-Commerce Law may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial
conditions and results of operations.
● The approval of or the filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our
future offshore listings and capital raising activities under PRC law. If required, we cannot predict whether or for how long
we will be able to obtain such approval or filing.
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Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs
● The trading price of our ADSs and our Class A ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be volatile, which
could result in substantial losses to the holders of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
● The different characteristics of the capital markets in Hong Kong and the United States may negatively affect the trading
prices of our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares.
● Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares in the public market could
cause the prices of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares to decline.
● The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial
statements. If the PCAOB in the future determines again that it is unable to inspect and investigate accounting firms in
certain jurisdictions including where the office of our auditor is located, we and investors in our ADSs would be deprived
of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections.
● Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to
inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms in certain jurisdictions including where the office of
our auditor is located. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect
the value of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
If the e-commerce market in China does not grow, or grows more slowly than we expect, demand for our services and solutions could
be adversely affected.
Continued demand from our existing and potential future brand partners to use our services and solutions depends on whether e-
commerce will continue to be widely accepted. Our future results of operations will depend on numerous factors affecting the
development of the e-commerce industry in China, which may be beyond our control. These factors include:
● the growth of internet, broadband, personal computer and mobile penetration and usage in China, and the rate of any such
growth;
● the trust and confidence level of online retail consumers in China, as well as changes in consumers’ demographics, tastes
and preferences;
● whether alternative retail channels or business models that better address the needs of consumers emerge in China; and
● the development of fulfillment, payment and other ancillary services associated with online purchases.
If consumer utilization of e-commerce channels in China does not grow or grows more slowly than we expect, demand for our
services and solutions would be adversely affected, our revenues would be negatively impacted and our ability to pursue our growth
strategy would be compromised.
If the complexities and challenges faced by brand partners seeking to sell online diminish, or if our brand partners increase their in-
house e-commerce capabilities as an alternative to our solutions and services, demand for our solutions and services could be
adversely affected.
One of the key attractions of our solutions and services to brand partners is our ability to help address the complexities and
difficulties they face in the e-commerce market in China. If the level of such complexities and difficulties declines as a result of changes
in the e-commerce landscape or otherwise, or if our brand partners choose to increase their in-house support capabilities as an alternative
to our e-commerce solutions and services, our solutions and services may become less important or attractive to our brand partners, and
demand for our solutions and services may decline.
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Our success is tied to the success of our existing and future brand partners for which we operate their brand e-commerce business.
Our success is substantially dependent upon the success of our brand partners. As we continue to expand and optimize our brand
partner base, our future success will also be tied to the success of our future brand partners. We cannot assure you that our efforts to
attract new brand partners and other customers and optimize our brand partner base will be successful . If such efforts fail, it may have a
material adverse impact on our business performance or results of operation. The retail business in China is intensely competitive. If our
brand partners were to experience any significant decline in their online sales due to any reason, such as newly identified quality or
safety issues or decreased popularity of their products, or if they were to have any financial difficulties, suffer impairment of their brands
or if the profitability of, or demand for, their products decreases for any other reason, it could adversely affect our results of operations
and our ability to maintain and grow our business. Our business could also be adversely affected if our brand partners’ product sales,
marketing, brands or retail stores are not successful or if our brand partners reduce their marketing efforts.
If we are unable to retain our existing brand partners, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We provide brand e-commerce service to brand partners primarily pursuant to contractual arrangements with a term typically
ranging from 12 to 36 months. These contracts may not be renewed or, if renewed, may not be renewed on the same or more favorable
terms for us. We may not be able to accurately predict future trends in brand partners renewals, and our brand partners’ renewal rates
may decline or fluctuate due to factors such as level of satisfaction with our services and solutions and our fees and charges, as well as
factors beyond our control, such as level of competition faced by our brand partners, their level of success in e-commerce and their
spending levels.
In particular, some of our existing brand partners have had years of cooperation with us and we generated a significant portion
of our net revenue through (i) the sale of products in the stores of these brands operated by us and (ii) provision of our services to these
brand partners, which we collectively refer to as net revenues “related to” these brand partners in order to assess our overall business
relationship with them. In 2022, net revenues related to our top 10 brand partners as ranked by net revenues in the aggregate comprised
approximately 45.3% of our total net revenues. Net revenues related to our top two brand partners as ranked by net revenues comprised
approximately 14.0% and 11.8% of our total net revenues, respectively, in 2022. Total GMV related to our top 10 brand partners as
ranked by GMV in the aggregate comprised approximately 78.3% of our total GMV in 2022. Some of our other brand partners also
contributed significantly to our total GMV while our net revenues related to them were less significant (each less than 10% of our total
net revenues in 2022) as they mainly utilized our capabilities under the service fee model or consignment model and therefore we did not
generate any product sales revenue related to them. However, if any brand partner terminates or does not renew its business relationship
with us, our GMV may be materially and adversely affected. In the past, some brand partners did not renew their business relationships
with us, and we cannot assure you that our existing brand partners will renew their business relationships with us in the future. If some of
our existing brand partners, in particular brand partners with years of cooperation with us, terminate or do not renew their business
relationships with us, renew on less favorable terms or for fewer services and solutions, and we do not acquire replacement brand
partners or otherwise grow our brand partner base, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Some of our contracts with existing brand partners were based on standard forms proposed by such brand partners that contain
non-compete provisions prohibiting us from selling products of, or providing similar services to, competitors of such brand partners.
Such provision has restricted and may continue to restrict the development and expansion of our business with some of our brand
partners. As our business further expands, we may engage in business with multiple brand partners that may be in competition with each
other and may be subject to similar non-compete restrictions requested from other existing brand partners or future brand partners. We
cannot assure you that we will not be found to be in breach of such non-compete provisions with our existing or future brand partners if
any of our brand partners brings claims against us for breach of such provisions. If any such claim is brought against us and we are found
to be in breach of any non-compete provision, we may be subject to potential liabilities and penalties for breach of contracts, including
liquidated damages and forfeiture of sales bonuses, and our brand partners may decide to terminate their contracts with us, which may
cause us to lose revenue. As a result of such potential breach, our reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be
materially and adversely affected.
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We may continue to incur losses in the future and may not be able to return to and subsequently maintain profitability.
We recorded a net income of RMB426.5 million and a net loss of RMB206.0 million in 2020 and 2021, respectively, and a net
loss of RMB610.4 million (US$88.5 million) in 2022. The net loss in 2022 was mainly due to a fair value loss on derivative liabilities of
RMB364.8 million (US$52.9 million), a loss on disposal of subsidiaries and investments in equity investee of RMB107.0 million
(US$15.5 million), an unrealized investment loss of RMB97.8 million (US$14.2 million) during the 2022, as well as weaker profitability
from operations caused by a combination of deteriorated macro-economic environment and negative impact from the Better Cotton
Initiatives. We cannot assure you that we will be able to return to profitability and subsequently maintain profitability in the future. We
anticipate that our operating expenses will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we increase the scale of our operations. To
return to or sustain profitability, we will need to increase our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses, increase sales of the
products and services that have higher profit margins or significantly reduce our expense level. If we are forced to reduce our expenses,
our growth strategy could be compromised. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other
risks described in this annual report. We may also further encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other
unknown events. If we are not able to return to or subsequently maintain profitability, the value of our company and our ADSs and/or
Class A ordinary shares could decline significantly.
If we fail to maintain our relationships with e-commerce channels or adapt ourselves to emerging e-commerce channels, or if e-
commerce channels otherwise curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our solutions with their channels, our solutions would be less
appealing to existing and potential brand partners.
We generate a substantial majority of our revenues from the solutions we provide on e-commerce channels, including
marketplaces, social media and other emerging e-commerce channels. These e-commerce channels have no obligation to do business
with us or to allow us to have access to their channels in the long term. If we fail to maintain our relationships with these channels, they
may decide at any time and for any reason to significantly curtail or inhibit our ability to integrate our solutions with their channels. We
have annual platform service agreements with major online marketplaces, which may not be renewed in the future.
Additionally, these channels may decide to make significant changes to their respective business models, policies, systems or
plans, and those changes could impair or inhibit our ability or our partners’ ability to use our solutions to sell their products on those
channels, or may adversely affect the amount of GMV that our partners can sell on those channels, or otherwise reduce the desirability of
selling on those channels. Further, any of these channels could decide to acquire capabilities that would allow them to compete with us. If
we are unable to adapt to new e-commerce channels as they emerge, our solutions may be less attractive to our partners. Any of these
developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We rely on the success of certain e-commerce channels such as Tmall.
A substantial majority of our GMV is derived from merchandise sold or services rendered on Tmall. In 2022, our GMV derived
from merchandise sold or services rendered on Tmall comprised approximately 69.3% of our total GMV. If e-commerce channels such as
Tmall are not successful in attracting consumers or their reputations are adversely affected for whatever reasons, our brand partners may
cease to sell their products on these channels. As our results of operations rely on the solutions we provide on these e-commerce
channels, a decrease in the use of these channels would reduce demands for our services, which would adversely affect our business and
results of operations.
Under the consignment model and service fee model, a variable portion of the revenues we generate from certain brand partners is
based upon the amount of GMV, and any change to such pricing mechanism may adversely affect our financial results.
A negotiated portion of the revenues we generate from certain brand partners under the consignment model and service fee
model is variable based on GMV generated through such partners’ online stores that we operate. If that GMV were to decline, does not
grow as expected, or if our partners demand pricing terms that do not provide for variability based on the value of purchases transacted
and settled on the stores operated by us, our revenue, profitability and business prospects may be adversely affected.
In addition, the ratio of our revenues as a percentage of GMV generated through the partners’ online stores that we operate
could vary as their bargaining power increases or our service scope reduces, which could adversely affect our financial results. We also
intend to focus on high quality GMV categories. Although we are focused on achieving a higher ratio of our revenues as a percentage of
GMV generated through the partners’ online stores that we operate, there is no guarantee that we will successfully achieve this and our
failure to do so could adversely affect our financial results.
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We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
We face intense competition in the market for brand e-commerce solutions and services, and we expect competition to continue
to intensify in the future. For instance, our contracts with our brand partners are generally not on an exclusive basis and we generally do
not have contractual rights to exclusively sell the products of our brand partners under the distribution model. As a result, we may face
competitions with other brand e-commerce service providers that our brand partners work with. Increased competition may result in
reduced pricing or service scope for our services and solutions or a decrease in our market share, any of which could negatively affect
our ability to retain existing brand partners and attract new brand partners, our future financial and operating results, and our ability to
grow our business.
A number of competitive factors could cause us to lose potential sales or to sell our services and solutions at lower prices or at
reduced profitability, including:
● Potential brand partners may choose to use or develop applications or build e-commerce teams or infrastructures in-house,
rather than pay for our solutions and services;
● The e-commerce channels themselves, which typically offer, often free, software tools that allow brand partners to connect
to the e-commerce channels, may decide to compete more vigorously with us;
● Competitors may adopt more aggressive pricing policies and offer more attractive sales terms, adapt more quickly to new
technologies and changes in brand partners’ requirements, and/or devote greater resources to the promotion and sales of
their products and services than we can;
● Current and potential competitors may offer software or services that addresses one or more online channel management
and logistics functions at a lower price point or with greater depth than our solutions and may be able to devote greater
resources to those solutions than we can; and
● Software vendors could bundle channel management solutions with other solutions or offer such products at a lower price
as part of a larger product sale.
In addition, competition may intensify as our competitors raise additional capital and as established companies in other market
segments or geographic markets expand into our market segments or geographic markets. If we cannot compete successfully against our
competitors, our business and our operating and financial results could be adversely affected.
Material disruption of e-commerce channels could prevent us from providing services to our brand partners and reduce sales in
stores operated by us.
E-commerce channels could cease operations unexpectedly due to a number of events, including interruptions in
telecommunication services, computer viruses or unlawful access to e-commerce channels. Any material channel downtime or disruption
could prevent us from providing services to our brand partners and reduce sales in stores operated by us. If one or more of the e-
commerce channels we operate on experience downtime or disruption, the adverse effects of such downtime and disruption could be
significant to our operations as a whole.
The proper functioning of our technology platform is essential to our business. Any failure to maintain the satisfactory performance
of our platform could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation.
The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our technology platform are critical to our success and our ability to
attract and retain brand partners and provide quality customer services. Any system interruptions caused by telecommunications failures,
errors encountered during system upgrades or system expansions, computer viruses, hacking or other attempts to harm our systems that
result in the unavailability or slowdown of our technology platform, degraded order fulfillment performance, or additional shipping and
handling costs may, individually or collectively, materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results
of operations.
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In addition, any system failure or interruption could cause material damage to our reputation and brand image if our systems are
perceived to be insecure or unreliable. Our servers may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and
similar disruptions, which could lead to system interruptions, website slowdown or unavailability, delays or errors in transaction
processing, loss of data or the inability to accept and fulfill consumers’ orders. Security breaches, computer viruses and hacking attacks
have become more prevalent in our industry. We have experienced in the past and may experience in the future such attacks and
unexpected interruptions. We can provide no assurance that our current security mechanisms will be sufficient to protect our IT systems
from any third-party intrusions, viruses or hacker attacks, information or data theft or other similar activities. Any such future
occurrences could materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, we must continue to upgrade and improve our technology platform to support our business growth, and failure to
do so could impede our growth. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in executing these system upgrades and
improvement strategies. In particular, our systems may experience interruptions during upgrades, and the new technologies or
infrastructures may not be fully integrated with the existing systems on a timely basis, or at all. If our existing or future technology
platform does not function properly, it could cause system disruptions and slow response times, affecting data transmission, which in turn
could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We also rely on technologies that we license from third parties, such as Microsoft, Adobe and certain management information
systems. These licenses may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all in the future. As a result, we
may be required to obtain substitute technologies. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such substitute technologies on
commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could negatively affect the functionality of our technology platform and our business
operations.
If we are unable to offer branded products at attractive prices to meet customer needs and preferences, or if our reputation for selling
authentic, high-quality products suffers, we may lose customers and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may
be materially and adversely affected.
Our future growth depends on our ability to continue to attract new customers as well as to increase the spending and repeat
purchase rate of existing customers. Constantly changing consumer preferences have historically affected, and will continue to affect, the
online retail industry. Consequently, we shall stay abreast of emerging lifestyle and consumer preferences and anticipate product trends
that will appeal to existing and potential customers. Our ability to offer suitable products catering to consumers’ needs depends on the
effectiveness of our sales and marketing team to secure branded products of high quality and competitive price as well as the capability
of our IT system to collect and provide accurate and reliable information on consumer interests. Any perception by our existing or
prospective customers that any of our products are not authentic, or are of inferior quality, could cause our reputation to suffer. We cannot
assure you that all of our suppliers have provided us with authentic products or that all products that we sell are of the quality satisfactory
to our customers. If our customers cannot find desirable products within our product portfolio at attractive prices, or if our reputation for
selling authentic, high-quality product suffers, our customers may lose interest or even stop visiting the platform we maintain, which in
turn may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent years, and failure to manage our growth and return to or maintain profitability could
harm our business and prospects.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Our total net revenues increased from RMB2,598.4 million in 2015 to
RMB8,400.6 million (US$1,218.0 million) in 2022, representing a compound annual growth rate of 18.2%. However, there is no
assurance that we will be able to maintain our historical growth rates in future periods. Our revenue growth may slow or our revenues
may decline for many reasons, including competition, slower growth of the China retail or China online retail sales, fulfillment
bottlenecks, emergence of alternative business models, changes in government policies and other general economic conditions.
Our growth has placed, and continues to place, significant strain on our management and resources. We anticipate that we will
need to implement new or upgraded operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, including the improvement of our
accounting and other internal management systems. We also need to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce and manage our
relationships with our partners, suppliers, third-party merchants and other service providers. To return to or maintain profitability, we
must implement such upgrades, manage our workforce cost-effectively and manage our cost of products and operating expenses. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to manage our growth or return to or maintain profitability or execute our strategies effectively,
and any failure to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. Accordingly, our historical performance may
not be indicative of future operating results.
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We have granted and may continue to grant options, restricted share units and other types of awards under our Share Incentive
Plans, which may result in increases in share-based compensation expenses and negatively affect our results of operations.
In previous years, we adopted the 2014 Share Incentive Plan and the 2015 Share Incentive Plan to provide additional incentives
to employees, directors and consultants. In November 2022, we adopted the 2022 Share Incentive Plan to replace the 2014 Share
Incentive Plan and the 2015 Share Incentive Plan. The 2014 Share Incentive Plan, the 2015 Share Incentive Plan and the 2022 Share
Incentive Plan are collectively referred to as the Share Incentive Plans. We have granted under our Share Incentive Plans, and may
continue to grant under our 2022 Share Incentive Plan, options, restricted share units and other types of awards. As of December 31,
2022, the number of shares which may be issued pursuant to all outstanding awards, including options and restricted share units under
the Share Incentive Plans, was 8,483,047. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we recorded an aggregate of
RMB108.4 million, RMB196.5 million and RMB142.4 million (US$20.6 million), respectively, in share-based compensation expenses.
We believe the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and
employees, and we will continue to grant share-based awards in the future. In addition, we may from time to time re-evaluate the vesting
schedules, exercise prices or other key terms of the grants, increase the maximum number of shares to be issued under the 2022 Share
Incentive Plan, or adopt new share incentive plans subject to the applicable laws and rules. If we choose to do so, our expenses
associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
We had negative operating cash flows in the years ended December 31, 2021, and may have negative operating cash flows in the
future.
We had negative operating cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to (i) the continuous negative impact
of COVID-19 pandemic on our business, (ii) a decrease in sales from several brand partners in the apparel and accessories category due
to the Better Cotton Initiatives, (iii) an increase in account receivables caused by the growth of our consignment and service fee models,
as well as in their write-downs, and (iv) an increase in our working capital expenditures, including to fund increased inventories and
prepayments for goods under our distribution model. We cannot assure you that we will not have negative operating cash flows in the
future, which may negatively affect our liquidity.
We make investments in business initiatives, some of which may not be successful. Any unsuccessful business initiatives could
materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our prospects for growth depend on our ability to innovate and continue to strategize new value-added brand e-commerce
service through improved technologies and on our ability to effectively commercialize such innovations. There are uncertainties related
to our investments in new solutions, services, emerging channels and regions. For example, we may invest in overseas market in the
coming few years to replicate the success of China e-commerce and expand international market. However, these overseas market
investment may contain uncertainties due to multiple factors such as different culture, consumer online purchasing willingness, local
competition dynamics and so on.
We may not be able to recoup the capital expenditures we incur to strengthen our technology and innovation capabilities and upgrade
our technology platform.
We have invested and will continue to expend financial resources to strengthen our technology and innovation capabilities and
upgrade our technology platform, in order to serve a wider variety of brand partners and other customers with a broader array of services.
For example, our technology and innovation center focuses on enhancing our IT capabilities and helps us shape the market by developing
new systems such as cloud-based operating platforms and big data analysis tools for brand e-commerce, implementing artificial
intelligence in brand e-commerce, and upgrading the current technology systems. In addition, we developed our retail operation support
system, or ROSS, which encompasses a series of modules enabling efficient product management, store content management, store event
management and customer analysis to facilitate automation and digitalization to enhance efficiency of online store operations. We expect
that we will continue to invest in these and other initiatives as our business develops. However, investments in technology and innovation
initiatives are inherently uncertain, and we may encounter practical difficulties in deploying or commercializing our technology and
innovations. As a result, we may not be able to recover the expenditures associated with these investments, and any recovery of such
expenses may take longer than expected.
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Our expansion into new product categories may expose us to new challenges and more risks.
We currently serve brand partners in the following categories: apparel and accessories; appliances; electronics; home and
furnishings; food and health products; beauty and cosmetics; fast moving consumer goods, and mother and baby products; and
automobiles. In the future, we may provide services to brand partners in new product categories in which we have limited experience and
operating history. Our product mix also affects our revenue mix and profitability. This may make predicting our future results of
operations more difficult than it otherwise would be. Therefore, our past results of operations should not be taken as indicative of our
future performance. If we cannot successfully manage our product mix, address new challenges or compete effectively, we may not be
able to recover costs of our investments and eventually achieve profitability, and our future results of operations and growth prospects
may be materially and adversely affected.
Our results of operations are subject to fluctuations due to the seasonality of our business and other events.
We have experienced and expect to continue to experience seasonal fluctuations in our revenues. These seasonal patterns have
caused and will continue to cause fluctuations in our operating results. Our results of operations historically have been seasonal primarily
because consumers increase their purchases during particular promotional activities, such as Singles Day (an online sales promotions
event that falls on or around November 11 each year) promotion and the impact of seasonal buying patterns within certain categories
such as apparel. In addition, we generally experience a lower level of sales activity in the first quarter due to the Chinese New Year
holiday, during which consumers generally spend less time shopping online and businesses in China are generally closed.
In anticipation of increased sales activity during peak seasons, we increase our inventory levels and incur additional expenses,
including by hiring a significant number of temporary employees to supplement our permanent staff. If our seasonal revenues are below
expectations, our operating results could be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. Due to the nature of our business,
it is difficult to predict the impact of this seasonality on our business and financial results. In the future, our seasonal sales patterns may
become more pronounced, may strain our personnel, customer service operations, fulfillment operations and shipment activities and may
cause a shortfall in revenues compared to expenses in a given period. As a result, the trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary
shares may fluctuate from time to time due to seasonality.
In addition, if too many consumers access the online stores operated by us within a short period of time due to increased
promotions or other demand surges, we may experience system interruptions that make such online stores unavailable or prevent us from
transmitting orders to our fulfillment operations. Any such system interruptions may reduce the volume of transactions in the stores that
we operate as well as the attractiveness of such online stores to consumers. In anticipation of increased sales activity during peak
seasons, we and our brand partners increase our inventory levels. If we and our brand partners do not increase inventory levels for
popular products in sufficient amounts or are unable to restock popular products in a timely manner, we and our brand partners may fail
to meet customer demand which could reduce the attractiveness of such online stores. Alternatively, if we overstock products, we may be
required to take significant inventory markdowns or write-offs under the distribution model, which could reduce profits. Either of these
outcomes may lead our brand partners to reduce their engagement with us.
Our investments in or acquisition of third-party entities may not be successful and may have a material and adverse effect on our
business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.
We have made investments in or acquisition of third parties that are complementary to our business and operations, including
our acquisition of the following entities in 2022: Gap (Shanghai) Commercial Co., Ltd. and Gap Taiwan Limited (collectively, “Gap
Greater China”), which is wholly owned by The Gap, Inc., the largest American specialty apparel company offering iconic comfort-
casual wear, accessories, and personal care products for men, women, and children. We may pursue strategic alliances, joint ventures or
potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business and operations, including opportunities that can help us promote
our solutions to new brand partners, expand our service offerings and improve our technology infrastructure. Strategic alliances or joint
ventures with third parties could subject us to many risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-
performance or default by counterparties, and increased expenses in establishing these new alliances, any of which may materially and
adversely affect our business. We may have little ability to control or monitor the actions of our strategic partners. To the extent a
strategic partner suffers any negative publicity as a result of its business operations, our reputation may be negatively affected by virtue
of our association with such party.
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In addition, investments or acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own will require
significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could
have an adverse effect on our business operations. The costs of identifying and consummating investments and acquisitions may be
significant. We may also incur significant expenses in obtaining necessary approvals from relevant government authorities in China and
elsewhere in the world. In addition, investments and acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially
dilutive issuances of equity securities and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. The cost and duration of
integrating newly acquired businesses could also materially exceed our expectations. Any such negative developments could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may also enter into relatively new markets and industries through investments or acquisitions, such as express delivery and
new emerging channel live-streaming industries, which may expose us to different and unforeseen risks. We cannot guarantee that our
efforts to venture into new domains will be successful. Due to our lack of prior experience in these new markets or industries, we may
not be able to navigate the rapidly evolving regulatory environment or to forecast and meet the constantly changing demands and
preferences for products and services. Some of these new markets and industries are emerging with relatively novel and untested
business models. We also may not realize the anticipated benefits of our investments in or acquisitions of specific targets due to
uncertainties in their performance and valuation or failure to integrate them into our existing business, or difficulty in operating them
with our existing expertise and resources. The above challenges could lead to developments or results that would have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to significant downward adjustments or impairments in the market values of our investments, which may materially
affect our financial results.
As part of our business strategy, we have made investments in both private companies and public companies. The value of these
investments can be negatively impacted by fluctuations in the share price of the public companies, the fair or appraised values of the
private companies, as well as liquidity, credit deterioration or losses, financial results, foreign exchange rates, changes in interest rates, or
other factors. Moreover, since our adoption of ASC Topic 321, Investments—Equity Securities (“ASC 321”), on January 1, 2018, for
investments previously accounted for using the cost method, we have elected to use the measurement alternative to measure them at cost,
less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar
investments of the same issuer, if any. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value, and any changes
in fair value are recognized in earnings, instead of through other comprehensive income if they were previously designated as available
for sale equity securities under legacy GAAP. The change of these equity securities’ fair value could result in significant fluctuation of
our financial condition and operating results.
We recorded impairment loss of investments of RMB10.8 million, RMB3.5 million and RMB8.4 million (US$1.2 million) in
2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We recorded unrealized investment loss of RMB97.8 million (US$14.2 million) in 2022, which was
mainly due to a decrease in the trading price of iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited, or iClick Interactive, a public company listed on
the Nasdaq Global Market that we invested in January 2021. We may be required to perform impairment assessment and suffer
significant impairment loss or downward adjustments of our investments in the future due to the impact of evolving e-commerce
dynamics, COVID-19, regulatory and competitive environment of the industries, circumstances of our invested companies and other
factors. We recognized impairment loss to goodwill of RMB13.1 million (US$1.9 million) in 2022 and may continue to recognize
impairment loss to intangible assets or goodwill in the future. The value or liquidity of our investments could decline and result in a
material impairment, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which requires significant interest payments. As of December 31, 2022, we had
one-year credit facilities for an aggregate amount RMB3,329.0 million (US$482.7 million) from 17 Chinese commercial banks, and we
have drawn short-term bank borrowings from the credit facilities in the amount of RMB1,016.1 million (US$147.3 million). See “Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Our substantial level of indebtedness could have
important consequences, including the following:
● we must use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay interest and principal on our indebtedness, which
will reduce funds available to us for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures, other general corporate
purposes and potential acquisitions;
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● our ability to refinance such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures,
acquisitions or general corporate purposes may be impaired;
● we will be exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates;
● our leverage may be greater than that of some of our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage and
reduce our flexibility in responding to current and changing industry and financial market conditions;
● we may be more vulnerable to the economic downturns and adverse developments in our business;
● we may be unable to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants in our debt agreements, which could result in an
event of default that, if not cured or waived, may result in acceleration of certain of our debt, have an adverse effect on our
business and prospects, and force us into bankruptcy or liquidation; and
● in the event of insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up of our business, if there are not
sufficient assets remaining to pay all creditors, then all or a portion of the amounts due on our indebtedness then
outstanding would remain unpaid.
We may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our existing credit facility
and the terms of any of our other indebtedness. For example, we may incur additional debt to fund our business and strategic initiatives.
If we incur additional debt and other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial leverage and the ability to service such debt
would increase.
Our ability to meet expenses, to remain in compliance with our covenants under our debt arrangements and to make future
principal and interest payments in respect of our debt arrangements depends on, among other things, our operating performance,
competitive developments and financial market conditions, all of which are significantly affected by financial, business, economic and
other factors. We are not able to control many of these factors. Accordingly, our cash flow may not be sufficient to allow us to pay
principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations. If we are unable to obtain funding in a timely manner or on
commercially acceptable terms, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under our indebtedness.
We must comply with certain covenants under the terms of our debt instruments and the failure to do so may put us in default under
those instruments.
Some of our debt instruments may include covenants and broad default provisions. These covenants could limit our ability to
plan for or react to market conditions or to meet our capital needs in a timely manner and complying with these covenants may require us
to curtail some of our operations and growth plans, or seek waivers or consents from our creditors. In addition, any global or regional
economic deterioration may cause us to incur significant net losses or force us to assume considerable liabilities, which would adversely
impact our ability to comply with the financial and other covenants of our outstanding indebtedness. If our creditors refuse to grant
waivers for any non-compliance with these covenants, such non-compliance will constitute an event of default which may accelerate the
amounts due under the applicable debt instruments. Some of our debt instruments also contain cross-default clauses, which could enable
creditors under our debt instruments to declare an event of default should there be an event of default on our other debt instruments.
Although we are currently in compliance with our existing financial and other covenants under the terms of our debt
instruments, we cannot assure you that we will be able to remain in compliance with those covenants in the future. We may not be able to
cure future violations or obtain a waiver on a timely basis in order to avoid a default. An event of default under any agreement governing
our existing or future debt, if not cured by us or waived by our creditors, could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital
resources, financial condition and results of operations. Our business relationships with our creditors may not be sustained, which may
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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In connection with Cainiao’s investment of 30% equity interest in Baotong Inc., or Baotong, Cainiao has a call option to
increase its equity interest in Baotong to 60%, the exercise of which may result in our loss of control over Baotong, which could
adversely affect our financial condition and result of operations.
On September 30, 2021, we and Baotong entered into a share purchase and subscription agreement with Cainiao Smart
Logistics Investment Limited and/or its affiliates, or Cainiao, pursuant to which Cainiao made 30% equity investment in Baotong at a
consideration of US$217.9 million. On the same day, we, Baotong and Cainiao also entered into a business cooperation agreement
aiming to further explore and develop fulfillment and e-commerce opportunities. Combining Baotong’s outstanding customer-centric
services with Cainiao’s large economies of scale and infrastructures, we believe our integrated service offerings will advance to the next
level, especially the apparel and luxury categories, in being more premium, customized, diversified, and omni-channel. In connection of
Cainiao’s investment in Baotong, on October 29, 2021, we, Baotong and Cainiao entered into a shareholders agreement, pursuant to
which, for a period of six months (or such longer period as we and Cainiao may agree) starting from July 29, 2023, Cainiao has the call
option to acquire additional shares so that it will own in an aggregate of 60% equity interest of Baotong, according to terms and
conditions set forth under the shareholders agreement. Baotong is currently one of our consolidated subsidiaries and we derive a
significant amount of revenues from Baotong. It provides warehousing and logistics solutions and holds a significant portion of our
assets and operations. If Cainiao exercises its call option, we may lose control in Baotong, and, as a result, we may be unable to
consolidate Baotong in our consolidated financial statements, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
In addition, pursuant to the shareholders agreement among Baotong, Cainiao and us, if certain triggering events occur, Cainiao
has the right to require us to redeem its shares at a price equal to the initial investment plus an internal rate of return of 6% per annum. If
Cainiao requests us to redeem its shares of Baotong and if we do not have sufficient fund, our business operations and financial condition
could be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 7 — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party
Transactions — Transactions and Agreements with Alibaba, Cainiao and AJ (Hangzhou) Network Technology Company Limited.”
We may fail to expand effectively to international markets.
We have expanded and plan to continue to expand our business internationally, which may cause our business to be susceptible
to international business risks and challenges. International operations are subject to many special risks and challenges that could
adversely affect our business, such as compliance with international legal and regulatory requirements and managing fluctuations in
currency exchange rates. We cannot assure you that our various international expansion efforts will be completed as planned or achieve
the intended results. Any negative impact from our international business efforts could also negatively impact our business, operating
results and financial conditions as a whole. In addition, we may face additional competition from local companies in countries other than
China. Local companies may have a substantial competitive advantage because of their greater understanding of, and focus on, local
customers.
If we fail to manage our accounts receivable effectively or fail to collect our rebates receivable, our results of operations, financial
condition and liquidity may be materially and adversely affected.
Under the distribution model, we generally receive funds from the e-commerce platforms within no more than two weeks after
online consumers have confirmed receipt of goods. Under the service fee model and consignment model, we normally charge service
fees from our brand partners with a credit period of 10 days to four months. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, our accounts
receivable amounted to RMB2,189.0 million, RMB2,260.9 million and RMB2,292.7 million (US$332.4 million), respectively. Our
accounts receivable turnover days were 82 days, 86 days and 99 days in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The increase in the accounts
receivable turnover days from 2021 to 2022 was due to the increase in the proportion of our revenues generated from services, which
generally has longer payment terms. The amount and turnover days of our accounts receivable may increase in the future, which will
make it more challenging for us to manage our working capital effectively and our results of operations, financial conditions and
liquidity may be materially and adversely affected.
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In addition, if some brand partners refuse to settle their accounts receivable, we may need to initiate legal proceedings for
collection. There is no guarantee that we will finally collect such accounts receivable. For instance, in September 2021, one of our
subsidiaries, Baozun Hong Kong Holding Limited, initiated an arbitration proceeding against a distributor in the health care and
cosmetics industry for payment default, seeking to recover US$22.2 million accounts receivable for the products procured by this
distributor, plus accrued interest and reimbursements of arbitration fees. As of the date of this annual report, the arbitration proceeding is
still ongoing. There is no certainty that the arbitration tribunal will rule in our favor, and even if it does rule in our favor, there is no
guarantee that we will be able to fully recover the amount owed. In 2021, we provided an allowance of RMB93.3 million (US$14.6
million) of accounts receivable in connection with the default of this distributor and did not make additional allowance in 2022. See
“Item 8. Financial Information — A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information — Legal Proceedings.”
In addition, our brand partners also provide rebates to us under the distribution model, which are determined based on the
product purchase volume on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we recorded rebates
receivables of RMB319.5 million, RMB288.2 million and RMB239.8 million (US$34.8 million), respectively. The rebates receivables
are settled by offsetting the accounts payable. We cannot assure you that we will be able to collect all rebates receivables in the future. If
we fail to collect a substantial portion of our rebates receivables, our results of operations and financial condition would be materially
and adversely affected.
If we fail to manage our inventory effectively, our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity may be materially and
adversely affected.
We assume inventory ownership under the distribution model and thus are subject to inventory risk. We deploy different
strategies to deal with non-seasonal and seasonal demands and make adjustments to our procurement plan in order to minimize the
chance of excess unsold inventory and manage our product costs. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the
time inventory is ordered and the date by which we target to sell it. Demand may be affected by seasonality, new product launches,
fashion trends, changes in product cycles and pricing, product defects, changes in consumer spending patterns and habits, changes in
consumer tastes with respect to our products and other factors. In addition, when we begin selling a new product, it may be difficult to
determine appropriate product selection and accurately forecast demand.
Our inventories were RMB1,026.0 million, RMB1,073.6 million and RMB943.0 million(US$136.7 million) as of December 31,
2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The increases in our inventories over these periods reflected the additional inventories required to
support our expanded product sales volumes. Our inventory turnover days were 106 days in 2020, 117 days in 2021 and 163 days in
2022. The increase in our inventory turnover days over these periods was due to changes in our product mix with new brands acquired.
Inventory turnover days for a given period are equal to the average inventory balances as of the beginning and the end of the period
divided by total cost of products during the period and multiplied by the number of days during the period.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our inventories and product costs. The amount and turnover
days of our inventories may increase in the future, which will make it more challenging for us to manage our working capital effectively.
If we fail to manage our inventory effectively, we may be subject to a heightened risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in inventory
values, and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs. Our inventory may also be damaged due to natural disasters or accidents,
such as fire accidents. In addition, we may be required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory level, which may lead to lower
margins. Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
On the other hand, if we underestimate demand for our products, or if our brand partners under the distribution model fail to
supply quality products in a timely manner or if there is any natural disaster or outbreak of pandemic or epidemic that disrupts supply
chain, we may experience inventory shortages, which might result in missed sales, diminished brand loyalty and lost revenues, any of
which could harm our business and reputation. For example, the recurrence of COVID-19 outbreaks in certain parts of China, including
Shanghai, have resulted in, and may continue to result in, inventory shortages for certain of our products, which had or will have a
material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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We rely on our ability to enter into marketing and promotional arrangements with online services, search engines, and other websites
to drive traffic to the stores we operate and for our other customers. If we are unable to enter into or properly maintain and manage
these marketing and promotional arrangements, our ability to generate revenue could be adversely affected.
We have entered into marketing and promotional arrangements with online services, search engines, and other websites to
provide content, advertising banners and other links to our brand partners’ e-commerce businesses. We expect to rely on these
arrangements as significant sources of traffic to our brand partners’ e-commerce businesses and to attract new brand partners. We also
provide digital marketing services to our other customers. If we are unable to maintain these relationships or enter into new arrangements
on acceptable terms, our ability to attract new brand partners and new customers could be harmed. Further, many of the parties with
which we may have online advertising arrangements provide advertising services for other marketers of goods. As a result, these parties
may be reluctant to enter into or maintain relationships with us. Failure to achieve sufficient traffic or generate sufficient revenue from
purchases originating from third parties may limit our brand partners’ and our ability to maintain market share and revenue and affect our
profitability. Moreover, if we are unable to manage and conduct marketing and promotional activities for our clients cost-effectively, they
may turn to other alternatives, reducing our revenues and potentially materially adversely affecting our business and reputation.
We may not be able to respond to rapid changes in channel technologies or requirements.
The e-commerce market is characterized by rapid technological changes and frequent changes in rules, specifications and other
requirements for our brand partners to be able to sell their merchandise on particular channels. Our ability to retain and attract brand
partners depends in large part on our ability to improve our existing solutions and introduce new solutions that can adapt quickly to the
emerging channels, such as Douyin, and these changes in channel technologies. To achieve market acceptance for our solutions, we must
effectively anticipate and offer solutions that meet emerging channels and frequently changing channel requirements in a timely manner.
If we fail to do so, our ability to renew our contracts with existing brand partners and to increase demand for our solutions will be
impaired.
Our investments in innovations and new technologies, which may be significant, may not increase our competitiveness or
generate financial returns in the short term, or at all, and we may not be successful in adopting and implementing new technologies, such
as artificial intelligence, big data and data securities, to compete effectively. The changes and developments taking place in our industry
may also require us to re-evaluate our business model and adopt significant changes to our long-term strategies and business plans. Our
failure to innovate and adapt to these changes and developments would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations. For example, we might not be successful in implementing innovative solutions to help our brand
partners devise and execute O2O and new retail strategies to integrate their offline and online channels to provide seamless shopping
experience for consumers. Even if we timely innovate and adopt changes in our strategies and plans, we may nevertheless fail to realize
the anticipated benefits of such changes or even generate lower levels of revenue as a result.
If we fail to improve and enhance the functionality, performance, reliability, design, security and scalability of our platform in a
manner that responds to our brand partners’ evolving needs, our business may be adversely affected.
The markets in which we compete are characterized by constant change and innovation and we expect them to continue to
evolve rapidly. Our success has been based on our ability to identify and anticipate the needs of our brand partners and design and
maintain a platform that provides them with the tools they need to operate their businesses. Our ability to attract new brand partners,
retain revenue from existing ones and increase sales to both new and existing ones will depend in large part on our ability to continue to
improve and enhance the functionality, performance, reliability, design, security and scalability of our platform. To the extent we are not
able to enhance our platform’s functionality in order to maintain its utility, enhance our platform’s scalability in order to maintain its
performance and availability, or improve our support function in order to meet increased demands, our business, operating results and
financial condition could be adversely affected.
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We may experience difficulties with software development that could delay or prevent the development, introduction or
implementation of new solutions and enhancements. Software development involves a significant amount of time for our research and
development team, as it can take our developers months to update, code and test new and upgraded solutions and integrate them into our
platform. We must also continually update, test and enhance our software platform. For example, our design team spends a significant
amount of time and resources incorporating various design enhancements, such as customized colors, fonts, content and other features,
into our platform. The continual improvement and enhancement of our platform requires significant investment and we may not have the
resources to make such investment. Our improvements and enhancements may not result in our ability to recoup our investments in a
timely manner, or at all. We may make significant investments in new solutions or enhancements that may not achieve expected returns.
The improvement and enhancement of the functionality, performance, reliability, design, security and scalability of our platform is
expensive and complex, and to the extent we are not able to perform it in a manner that responds to our brand partners’ evolving needs,
our business, operating results and financial condition will be adversely affected.
If we and our brand partners fail to anticipate changes in consumers’ buying preferences and adjust product offering and
merchandising of the stores that we operate accordingly, our results of operation may be materially and adversely impacted.
Our success depends, in part, upon our ability and our brand partners’ ability to anticipate and respond to consumer trends with
respect to products sold through the stores that we operate. Constantly changing consumer preferences have affected and will continue to
affect the online retail industry. We must stay abreast of emerging consumer preferences and anticipate product trends that will appeal to
existing and potential consumers. Our dedicated online store operation teams work closely with our brand partners to manage inventory
and site content of the brand stores that we operate. In order to be successful, we and our brand partners must accurately predict
consumers’ tastes and avoid overstocking or understocking products. If we or our brand partners fail to identify and respond to changes
in merchandising and consumer preferences, sales on our brand partners’ e-commerce businesses could suffer and we or our brand
partners could be required to mark down unsold inventory, which could negatively impact our financial results.
If the ramp up of operations for newly-added brand partners does not meet our expectations, our results of operation and financial
condition may be materially and adversely impacted.
We have been accelerating acquisition of new brand partners since 2018, in an effort to drive sustainable growth momentum. As
of December 31, 2022, we provided e-commerce solutions to more than 400 brand partners. Newly added brand partners typically
require a ramping up period before they can fully utilize our services. If the ramp up of operations for newly added brand partners takes
longer time than we expected, or the revenues we receive from newly added brands do not meet our expectations, our results of operation
and financial condition may be materially and adversely impacted.
Any deficiencies in China’s telecommunication infrastructure could impair our ability to provide e-commerce solutions to our brand
partners and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the telecommunication infrastructure in China. The availability of
our technology platform depends on telecommunications carriers and other third-party providers for communications and storage
capacity, including bandwidth and server storage, among other things. Almost all access to the internet and mobile network is maintained
through state-owned telecommunication carriers under administrative control, and we obtain access to end-user networks operated by
such telecommunications carriers and service providers to present our internet platform to consumers. We have experienced service
interruptions in the past, which were typically caused by service interruptions at the underlying external telecommunications service
providers, such as the internet data centers and broadband carriers from which we lease services. Service interruptions prevent brand
partners from utilizing our technology platform, and frequent or extended interruptions could frustrate consumers and discourage them
from attempting to place orders, which could cause us and our brand partners to lose consumers and adversely affect our results of
operations.
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Software failures or human errors could cause our solutions to oversell our brand partners’ inventory or misprice their offerings,
which would hurt our reputation and reduce demand for our services and solutions.
Some of our brand partners rely on our solutions to automate the allocation of their inventories simultaneously across multiple
online channels, as well as to ensure that their sales comply with the policies of each channel. In many instances, our personnel operate
our solutions on behalf of our brand partners. In the event that our solutions do not function properly, or if there are human errors on the
part of our service staff, our brand partners might inadvertently sell more inventories than they actually have in stock or make sales that
violate channel policies. Overselling their inventories could force our brand partners to cancel orders at rates that violate channel
policies. Errors in our software or human error could cause transactions to be incorrectly processed that would cause GMV and our fees
to be overstated. We have experienced rare instances of such errors in the past and might experience similar occurrences in the future
which could reduce demand for our solutions and hurt our business reputation. Brand partners could also seek recourse against us in
these cases.
Any interruption in our fulfillment operations for an extended period may have an adverse impact on our business and financial
condition.
Our ability to process and fulfill orders accurately depends on the smooth operation of our fulfillment and warehousing network.
Our fulfillment and logistics infrastructure may be vulnerable to damage caused by fire, flood, power outage, telecommunications failure,
break-ins, earthquake, human error and other events. If any of our fulfillment and logistics infrastructures were rendered incapable of
operations, then we may be unable to fulfill any orders from the affected infrastructure. We do not carry business interruption insurance
to protect us from natural disasters and force majeure risks, and the occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could have a material
adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on third-party delivery service providers to deliver products to consumers, and if they fail to provide reliable delivery
services our business and reputation may be materially and adversely affected.
We rely on third-party delivery service providers to deliver products to consumers, and any major interruptions to or failures in
these third parties’ delivery services could prevent the timely or successful delivery of products. These interruptions may be due to
unforeseen events that are beyond our control or the control of these third-party delivery companies, such as inclement weather, natural
disasters, transportation interruptions, fire incidents, labor unrest or shortage, pandemics or epidemics. If products are not delivered on
time or are delivered in a damaged state, consumers may refuse to accept products and may claim refund from us or our brand partners,
and brand partners and consumers may have less confidence in our services. As a result, we may lose brand partners, and our financial
condition and reputation could suffer.
Failure to effectively manage our warehouse capacity and utilization could have a material adverse effect on our business and results
of operation.
In addition to the warehouses built by us, we also acquire certain warehouses through acquisition. As of December 31, 2022, we
directly operated 40 warehouses with an aggregate gross floor area of over 1,030,000 square meters in nine strategic cities. Managing
these facilities is complex and our successful management of warehouse capacity and utilization is important to our profitability.
Furthermore, we used a number of warehouses operated by third parties, which we may not be able to effectively manage or utilize. If we
under-utilize our warehouse facilities, our costs will rise as a percentage of revenue, and if we have insufficient warehouse capacity, our
revenue may not meet expectations. There can be no assurance that failure to manage our warehouse capacity and utilization will not
have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operation.
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We are subject to third-party payment processing related risks.
We accept payments using a variety of methods, including online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major
banks in China, payment through third-party online payment platforms such as Alipay and WeChat Pay, and payment on delivery. For
certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise
our operating costs and lower our profitability. We may also be subject to fraud and other illegal activities in connection with the various
payment methods we offer, including online payment and payment on delivery options. We are also subject to various rules, regulations
and requirements, regulatory or otherwise, governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it
difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher
transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from consumers, process electronic funds transfers or
facilitate other types of online payments, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely
affected.
If we are unable to provide high-quality customer service, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely
affected.
We depend on our online customer service representatives in our customer service center to provide live assistance to online
shoppers. If our online customer service representatives fail to satisfy the individual needs of consumers, our brand partners’ sales could
be negatively affected, and we may lose potential or existing brand partners, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper
use or disclosure of such data could harm our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.
Negative publicity, including negative internet postings, about us, our Baozun brand, management, brand partners and product
offerings may have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and the trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary
shares.
Negative publicity about us, our Baozun brand, management, brand partners and product offerings may arise from time to time.
Negative comments about the stores operated by us, products offered in such stores, our business operation and management may appear
in internet postings and other media sources from time to time and we cannot assure you that other types of negative publicity of a more
serious nature will not arise in the future. For example, if our customer service representatives fail to satisfy the individual needs of our
consumers, our consumers may become disgruntled and disseminate negative comments about our product offerings and services. In
addition, our brand partners may also be subject to negative publicity for various reasons, such as consumers’ complaints about the
quality of their products and related services or other public relation incidents of such brand partners, which may adversely affect the
sales of products of these brand partners in the stores operated by us and indirectly affect our reputation.
Moreover, negative publicity about other online retailers or e-commerce service providers in China may arise from time to time
and cause consumers to lose confidence in the products and services we offer. Any such negative publicity, regardless of veracity, may
have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results, our reputation and the trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A
ordinary shares.
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If counterfeit products are sold in the stores we operate or the platform we operated, our reputation and financial results could be
materially and adversely affected.
We represent reputable brands, and we source goods from our brand partners directly or through third party procurement agents
authorized by our brand partners. However, their measures of safeguarding against counterfeit products sold through e-commerce may
not be adequate. Although we have indemnity clauses in most of our contracts with our brand partners, sales could decline and we may
suffer reputational harm. We may be subject to sanctions under applicable laws and regulations if we are deemed to have participated or
assisted in infringement activities associated with counterfeit goods, which may include injunctions to cease infringing activities,
rectification, compensation, administrative penalties and even criminal liability, depending on the gravity of such misconduct.
Furthermore, counterfeit products may be defective or inferior in quality as compared to authentic products and may pose safety risks to
consumers. If consumers are injured by counterfeit products sold through the stores we operate or the platform we operated, we may be
subject to lawsuits, severe administrative penalties and criminal liability. We believe our reputation is extremely important to our success
and our competitive position. The discovery of counterfeit products sold through the stores we operate or the platform we operated may
severally damage our reputation among brand partners, and they may refrain from using our services in the future, which would
materially and adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business or failure to comply with PRC laws and regulations
may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to supervision and regulation by relevant PRC government authorities, including without limitation the
MOFCOM, the MIIT, the SAMR and National Medical Products Administration. These government authorities promulgate and enforce
regulations that cover many aspects of online retailing and distribution of products such as food and medical devices, including scope of
permitted business activities, licenses and permits for business operation, and restriction on foreign investments. Meanwhile, the brand
partners we partner with are also obliged to hold licenses and meet regulatory requirements in order to sell products themselves or
through our e-commerce solutions. While we currently hold all material licenses and permits required for our business operations, we
cannot assure you that we will be able to renew these licenses and permits upon their expiration or to expand the current business scope
of these licenses and permits when required, obtain any license or permit that is in application, or obtain new licenses or permits in the
future as a result of our business expansion, change in our business operations or change in laws and regulations applicable to us.
As e-commerce business via internet and mobile network is still evolving in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted
from time to time, and substantial uncertainties exist regarding interpretation and implementation of current and future PRC laws and
regulations applicable to our business operations. We cannot assure you that our current business activities will not be found in violation
of any future laws and regulations or any of the laws and regulations currently in effect due to changes in the relevant authorities’
interpretation of these laws and regulations. For example, the MIIT released the new Classified Catalog of Telecommunications Services,
or the Telecommunication Catalog, on December 28, 2015, which came into effect on March 1, 2016 and later amended on June 6, 2019
and specifies that information services provided through mobile networks are recognized as internet information services. According to
relevant MIIT rules, service providers, like operators of mobile application stores, will be required to meet certain qualifications,
including obtaining a value -added telecommunication license, or a VAT License, covering internet information services rendered
through mobile network, or an ICP License. In addition, according to the Telecommunication Catalog and other MIIT rules, operating a
marketplace platform that connects sellers and buyers is categorized as online data processing and transaction processing services, and
therefore such service providers are required to obtain a VAT License covering online data processing and transaction processing
services. Our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi has obtained a VAT License covering domestic call center services and internet information services,
and we also currently hold a VAT License for online data processing and transaction processing business (operational e-commerce)
through our PRC subsidiary, Shanghai Baozun E-Commerce Limited, or Shanghai Baozun. With the expansion of our business in the
future, we may be required to obtain other required licenses or expand the current scope of the licenses we hold to cover internet
information services rendered through mobile networks or to cover other scopes such as online data processing and transaction
processing service (in addition to operational e-commerce) that may be required by the government authorities from time to time.
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If we fail to adapt to any new regulatory requirement or any competent government authority considers that we operate our
business operation without any requisite license, permit or approval, or otherwise fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements,
we may be subject to administrative actions and penalties, including fines, confiscation of our incomes, revocation of our licenses or
permits, or, in severe cases, cessation of certain business. In addition, if our brand partners are found by government authorities to have
operated their business through us without requisite approvals, licenses or permits or otherwise to be in violation of applicable laws and
regulations, they may be ordered to take rectification actions. Any of these actions may have a material and adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
We cannot rule out being named as a defendant in a future shareholder class action lawsuit that could have a material adverse
impact on our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows, reputation, and the prices and trading volumes of our
ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
As noted in “Item 8. Financial Information — A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information — Legal
Proceedings,” we were previously the subject of a shareholder class action. While the lead counsel in that case has filed a notice of
voluntary dismissal, the consolidated action has been dismissed in its entirety without prejudice, we cannot rule out the possibility that
additional claims or lawsuits may be filed in the future. Any future litigation that may be brought against us or our current or former
directors and officers, could be time-consuming, result in significant expense and divert the attention and resources of our management
and other key employees. An unfavorable outcome in any future litigation could exceed coverage provided under potentially applicable
insurance policies, which is limited. In addition, although we have obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, the insurance
coverage may not be adequate to cover our obligations to indemnify our directors and officers, fund a settlement of litigation in excess of
insurance coverage or pay an adverse judgment in litigation. Further, we could be required to pay damages or additional penalties or have
other remedies imposed against us, or our current or former directors or officers. Any such unfavorable outcome could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, our reputation, and the prices and trading volumes
of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
Our leased property interests and title with respect to certain land and buildings we have acquired or may acquire may be defective
and our right to lease and use the properties affected by such defects may be challenged, or we may fail to extend or renew our
current leases or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities on commercially acceptable terms, which could cause significant
disruption to our business.
We leased over 60 premises in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Paris, for our offices, customer service center and
warehouses as of December 31, 2022. Some of the lessors of these leases have not provided us with sufficient documents to prove their
ownership of the premises or their rights to lease the premises to us for our intended use. We may not be able to maintain such leases if
the lessors are not legal owners of the properties or do not have competent authorizations from the legal owners of the properties or have
not obtained requisite governmental approvals in respect of our leases. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to
successfully extend or renew our leases upon expiration of the current term or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities on
commercially reasonable terms or at all, and may therefore be forced to relocate our affected operations. A substantial portion of our
leasehold interests in leased properties have not been registered with the relevant PRC government authorities as required by the PRC
law, which may expose us to potential fines if we fail to remediate after receiving any notice from the relevant PRC government
authorities.
In addition, we may acquire certain land use right and titles in the relevant buildings for business operation purposes from time
to time. For example, we have acquired the land use rights and titles to the buildings located in Suzhou, China. Our use of the land and
buildings we acquired may not be consistent with their approved usage, and some approvals, licenses and permits may be yet to be
obtained for the construction and continuous use of such buildings. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully remedy the
defects or obtain all the requisite approvals, licenses or permits. These could disrupt our operations and result in significant relocation
expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we compete with other
businesses for premises at certain locations or of certain sizes. As a result, even if we could extend or renew our leases, rental payments
may significantly increase as a result of the high demand for the leased properties. In addition, we may not be able to locate desirable
alternative sites for our facilities as our business continues to grow and failure in relocating our affected operations could adversely affect
our business and operations.
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We may be subject to product liability claims that could be costly and time-consuming.
We sell products manufactured by third parties, some of which may be defective. If any product that we sell were to cause
personal injury or injury to property, the injured party or parties could bring claims against us as the retailer of the product. These claims
will not be covered by insurance as we do not maintain any product liability insurance. Similarly, we could be subject to claims that
consumers of the online stores operated by us were harmed due to their reliance on our product information, product selection guides,
advice or instructions. If a successful claim were brought against us, it could adversely affect our business. We may have the right under
applicable laws, rules and regulations to recover from the relevant brand partners’, manufacturers’ or distributors’ compensation that we
are required to make to consumers or end users in connection with a product liability, personal injury or a similar claim, if such relevant
party is found responsible. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover all or any amounts from these parties. We
have historically encountered some call back of the products sold to consumers through our online store due to defective products, which
has caused adverse effect on our operations. Any future product liability claim or large scale of call back due to defective products
discovered, regardless of its merit or success, could result in the expenditure of funds and management time, adverse publicity and
reputational harm and could have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.
We depend on key management as well as experienced and capable personnel generally, and any failure to attract, motivate and
retain our staff could severely hinder our ability to maintain and grow our business.
Our future success is significantly dependent upon the continued service of our key executives and other key employees. If we
lose the services of any member of management or key personnel, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and
may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new staff, which could severely disrupt our business and growth.
Competition for talent in the PRC e-commerce industry is intense, and the availability of suitable and qualified candidates in
China is limited. Competition for these individuals could cause us to offer higher compensation and other benefits to attract and retain
them. Even if we were to offer higher compensation and other benefits, there is no assurance that these individuals will choose to join or
continue to work for us. Any failure to attract or retain key management and personnel could severely disrupt our business and growth.
If we are unable to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel or sufficient workforce while controlling our labor costs, our business
may be materially and adversely affected.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on our ability to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel, particularly
technical, fulfillment, marketing and other operational personnel with experience in the e-commerce industry. Since our industry is
characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent and labor, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to attract or
retain qualified staff or other highly skilled employees that we will need to achieve our strategic objectives. Particularly, our fulfillment
infrastructure is labor intensive and requires a substantial number of blue-collar workers, and these positions tend to have higher than
average turnover. We may need to but may be unable to hire additional employees in connection with the strengthening of our fulfillment
capabilities.
We have observed an overall tightening of the labor market and an emerging trend of shortage of labor supply. Failure to obtain
stable and dedicated warehousing, delivery and other labor support may lead to underperformance of these functions and cause
disruption to our business. Labor costs in China have increased with China’s economic development, particularly in the large cities where
we operate our fulfillment centers and more generally in the urban areas where we maintain our delivery and pickup stations. It is also
costly to employ qualified personnel who have the knowledge and experience of working with leading global brands. In addition, our
ability to train and integrate new employees into our operations may also be limited and may not meet the demand for our business
growth on a timely fashion, or at all, and rapid expansion may impair our ability to maintain our corporate culture.
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Increases in labor costs or restrictions in the supply of labor in China may materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We currently use workers dispatched by third-party labor service agents to provide customer service and perform fulfillment
function. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch, or the Labor Dispatch Provisions, issued in January 2014 and became
effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched contract workers hired by an employer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of
its work force. In addition, under the Labor Contract Law amended on December 28, 2012, labor dispatch is only allowed to apply to
provisional, auxiliary or substitutive positions. As such, we may need to adjust our staffing arrangements which may result in an increase
in our labor cost. We cannot assure you that we have complied or will be able to comply with all the above provisions and laws related to
labor dispatch.
As of the date of this annual report, we have not received any warning or notice of potential negative action by relevant labor
authorities regarding our labor dispatch arrangement. However, if we are found to be in violation of the rules regulating dispatched
contract workers, we may be ordered to rectify the noncompliance by entering into written employment contracts with our dispatched
contract workers, and if we fail to rectify within the time period specified by the labor authority, we may be subject to a penalty ranging
from RMB5,000 (US$724.9) to RMB10,000 (US$1,449.9) per dispatched worker.
Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper storage, use or disclosure of such data could harm
our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.
Our business generates and processes a large quantity of personal, transaction, demographic and behavioral data. We face risks
inherent in handling and protecting large volumes of data. In particular, we face challenges relating to data derived from transactions and
other activities on our platform, including:
● protecting data in and hosted on our system, including against attacks on our system by outside parties or fraudulent
behavior or improper use by our employees;
● addressing data privacy, security and other concerns; and
● complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use, disclosure or security of personal
information, including any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to such data.
Significant capital and other resources may be required to protect against information security breaches or to alleviate problems
caused by such breaches or to comply with our privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations. The resources required may increase
over time as the methods used by hackers and others engaged in online criminal activities are increasingly sophisticated and constantly
evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by us to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-
related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable
information or other customer data, could cause our consumers to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims. Any perception by
the public that online transactions or the privacy of user information are becoming increasingly unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could
inhibit the growth of online retail and other online services generally.
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The PRC regulatory and enforcement regime with regard to data security and data protection is evolving. On July 1, 2015, the
National People’s Congress Standing Committee promulgated the National Security Law, or the New National Security Law, which took
effect on the same date and replaced the former National Security Law promulgated in 1993. The New National Security Law covers
various types of national security including technology security and information security. According to the New National Security Law,
the state shall ensure that the information system and data in important areas are secure and controllable. In addition, according to the
New National Security Law, the state shall establish national security review and supervision institutions and mechanisms, and conduct
national security reviews of key technologies and IT products and services that affect or may affect national security. In particular, we are
legally obligated under the New National Security Law to safeguard national security by, for example, providing evidence related to
activities endangering national security, providing convenience and assistance for national security work, and providing necessary
support and assistance for national security institutions, public security institutions as well as military institutions. As such, we may have
to provide data to PRC government authorities and military institutions for compliance with the New National Security Law, which may
increase our expenses and subject us to negative publicity that could harm our reputation with users and negatively affect the trading
price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares. In addition, the Data Security Law provides a national security review procedure for
those data activities that may affect national security, and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information. There are
uncertainties on how the New National Security Law will be implemented in practice. PRC regulators, including the National People’s
Congress Standing Committee, the MIIT and the CAC, have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and
data protection. For example, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee promulgated the Cybersecurity Law on November 7,
2016, which became effective on June 1, 2017, and strengthens the administration on cyber security. See “ - Substantial uncertainties
exist with respect to the PRC laws and regulations relating to cybersecurity and network data security and the impact it may have on our
business operations.” In addition, on June 10, 2021, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee promulgated the Data Security
Law, which took effect in September 2021. The Data Security Law sets forth data security and privacy related compliance obligations on
entities and individuals carrying out data related activities. The Data Security Law also introduces a data classification and layered
protection system based on the importance of data and the degree of impact on national security, public interests or legitimate rights and
interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked or illegally acquired or used. We expect that
these areas will receive greater attention and focus from regulators, as well as attract public scrutiny and attention going forward. This
greater attention, scrutiny and enforcement, including more frequent inspections, could increase our compliance costs and, subject us to
heightened risks and challenges associated with data security and protection. If we are unable to manage these risks, our reputation and
results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
As we expand our operations, we will be subject to additional laws in other jurisdictions where our brand partners, consumers
and other customers are located, such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and the United States. The laws, rules and regulations of other
jurisdictions may be at a more mature stage of development, be more comprehensive and nuanced in their scope, and impose more
stringent or conflicting requirements and penalties than those in China, compliance with which could require significant resources and
costs. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our privacy policies or with any regulatory requirements or privacy
protection-related laws, rules and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. These
proceedings or actions could subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices,
increase our costs and severely disrupt our business.
Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the PRC laws and regulations relating to cybersecurity and network data security and
the impact it may have on our business operations.
China’s Cybersecurity Law, which took effect in 2017, requires network operators in the PRC to take actions to prevent security
attacks and data loss, including data classification and backup and encryption. The Cybersecurity Law specifies requirements on user
information protection applicable to network operators, who are prohibited from disclosing without permission or selling individual
information with limited exceptions. When network operators become aware of any information that is prohibited by laws and
administrative regulations, they are required to immediately cease transmission of such information, and take measures such as deletion
of relevant information to prevent its dissemination. Operators must maintain a record of these incidents when they occur and report
them to the relevant authorities, who may also request for such reports. Where any prohibited information comes from outside the
territory of China, the authorities may additionally request that all relevant institutions take measures to stop the flow of such prohibited
information.
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We may be deemed a “network operator” and thus subject to the requirements of the Cybersecurity Law. Furthermore, if we are
deemed to be an operator of critical information infrastructure, we may be subject to higher standards, and our purchase of network
products and services which affect or may affect national security will be subject to the Measures for Cybersecurity Review effective on
June 1, 2020. There remains high uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of the law. In particular, due to lack of details on the
implementation of the Cybersecurity Law, we cannot assure you that we would be able to comply with the requirements in a timely
manner. Failure to comply with the requirements may lead to fines, revocation of business permits or licenses and other sanctions.
Finally, we procure equipment or software for storage, encryption and decryption from time to time. It remains unclear whether
such equipment or software will fall into the category of the so-called “critical network equipment” or “dedicated network security
products” due to lack of criteria or standards in the Cybersecurity Law. As such, we cannot assure you that the equipment and software
we have procured or may procure in the future comply with the requirements, and we may incur additional costs to comply with the
requirements.
In addition, on November 14, 2021, the Regulations on the Network Data Security (Draft for Comments), or the Network Data
Security Draft Regulations, was proposed by the CAC for public comments until December 13, 2021, which applies to activities relating
to the use of networks to carry out data processing activities within the territory of the PRC. The Network Data Security Draft
Regulations set out general guidelines, protection of personal information, security of important data, security management of cross-
border data transfer, obligations of internet platform operators, supervision and management, and legal liabilities. In accordance with the
Network Data Security Draft Regulations, data processors shall apply for a cybersecurity review for the following activities: (i) merger,
reorganization or division of internet platform operators that have acquired a large number of data resources related to national security,
economic development or public interests to the extent that affects or may affect national security; (ii) listing abroad of data processors
which process over one million users’ personal information; (iii) listing in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security; or
(iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. Besides, data processors that are listed overseas shall carry
out an annual data security assessment. As of the date of this annual report, there is no definite timetable as to when the Network Data
Security Draft Regulation will be enacted.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC, and other twelve PRC regulatory authorities jointly revised and promulgated the Measures for
Cyber Security Review, which came into effect on February 15, 2022 and replace the prior Measures for Cyber Security Review
promulgated on April 13, 2020. The Measures for Cyber Security Review provides that, among others, (i) the purchase of cyber products
and services by critical information infrastructure operators and the network platform operators engaging in data processing activities
that affects or may affect national security should be subject to the cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office, the
department which is responsible for the implementation of cybersecurity review under the CAC; (ii) network platform operators with
personal information data of more than one million users are obliged to apply for a cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review
Office before listing abroad; and (iii) relevant governmental authorities in the PRC may initiate cybersecurity review if they determine an
internet platform operator’s network products or services or data processing activities affect or may affect national security.
On July 7, 2022, the CAC adopted the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Exit, which took into effect on September
1, 2022 and stipulates that data processors who provide overseas the personal information and important data collected and generated
during operations within the PRC shall be subject to security assessment by the CAC. Specifically speaking, if the data processor
provides data overseas and meets one of the following circumstances, it shall declare the security assessment: (i) personal information
collected and generated by operators of critical information infrastructure; (ii) the data contains important data; (iii) personal information
processors who have processed personal information of one million people provide personal information abroad; (iv) accumulatively
provided personal information of more than one hundred thousand people or sensitive personal information of more than ten thousand
people abroad since January 1 of the previous year; and (v) other circumstances as specified by the CAC. The assessment results of the
data exit are valid for two years.
Based on the facts that the Measures for Cyber Security Review, the Network Data Security Draft Regulations and the Measures
for the Security Assessment of Data Exit were newly adopted or have not been formally adopted and are still subject to further guidance,
we cannot assure you that we would be able to comply with the requirements in a timely manner. Failure to comply with the
requirements may lead to fines, revocation of business permits or licenses and other sanctions.
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We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
We rely on a combination of trademark, fair trade practice, patent, copyright and trade secret protection laws in China and other
jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to protect our intellectual property rights. We also enter
into confidentiality agreements with our employees and any third parties who may access our proprietary information, and we rigorously
control access to our proprietary technology and information.
Intellectual property protection may not be sufficient in China or other countries in which we operate. Confidentiality
agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach.
Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China or
elsewhere. In addition, policing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, time-consuming and costly and the steps we
have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to
enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial
resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise
become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property
rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Under the Foreign Investment
Law promulgated by the National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019, which became effective on January 1, 2020, the PRC
government encourages technology cooperation on the basis of free will and business rules in the process of foreign investment; no
administrative agency or its employee may force the transfer of any technology by administrative means.
We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties and violating content restrictions of relevant laws.
Third parties may claim that the technology or content used in our operation of online stores or our service offerings infringe
upon their intellectual property rights. We have been in the past subject to non-material legal proceedings and claims relating to
infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. The possibility of intellectual property claims against us increases as we
continue to grow, particularly internationally. Such claims, whether or not having merit, may result in our expenditure of significant
financial and management resources, injunctions against us or payment of damages. We may need to obtain licenses from third parties
who allege that we have infringed their rights, but such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. These risks have
been amplified by the increase in the number of third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims. In addition, we have
registered or are in the process of registering some marks we used for our business but some of our applications have been or may be
rejected by the governmental authority. As some third parties have already registered or may register the trademarks which are similar to
the marks we used in our business, infringement claims may be asserted against us, and we cannot assure you that a government
authority or a court will hold the view that such similarity will not cause confusion in the market. In this case, we may be required to
explore the possibility of acquiring these trademarks from, or entering into exclusive licensing agreements with the third parties, which
will cause us to incur additional costs.
China has enacted laws and regulations governing internet access and the distribution of products, services, news, information,
audio-video programs and other content through the internet. The PRC government has prohibited the distribution of information through
the internet that it deems to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If any of the information disseminated through the online stores
operated by us were deemed by the PRC government to violate any content restrictions, we would not be able to continue to display such
content and could become subject to penalties, including confiscation of income, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required
licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The outcome of any claims, investigations and proceedings is inherently uncertain, and in any event defending against these
claims could be both costly and time-consuming, and could significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management and other
personnel. An adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings could cause us to pay damages, as well as legal and other
costs, limit our ability to conduct business or require us to change the manner in which we operate.
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Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from growing.
We may in the future be required to raise capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. Such financing may
not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. Additional equity or
equity linked financing may dilute the interests of our shareholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants
and could restrict our operational flexibility and reduce our profitability. Our ability to obtain additional financing in the future is subject
to many uncertainties, including our future financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, trading price of our ADSs and/or Class
A ordinary shares, liquidity of international capital and lending markets and PRC governmental regulations over foreign investment and
cross-border financing and the Internet industry in the PRC. For example, pursuant to the Administrative Measures for Examination and
Registration of Medium and Long-term Foreign Debts of Enterprises (“Circular 56”) promogulated by the National Development and
Reform Commission of China, or the NDRC on January 5, 2023, which came into force on February 10, 2023, before the issuance of
foreign loans, enterprises shall first apply to and obtain from NDRC the Certificate of Examination and registration of Foreign Debts
Borrowed by Enterprises and shall report the information on the issuance to NDRC within 10 business days after completion of each
issuance. The term “foreign loan” shall mean RMB-denominated or foreign currency-denominated debt instruments with a maturity of
more than one year which are issued overseas by domestic enterprises and their controlled overseas enterprises or branches and for which
the principal and interest are repaid as agreed, including senior bonds, perpetual bonds, capital bonds, medium-term notes, convertible
bonds, exchangeable bonds, finance leases, and so forth. In February 2023, NDRC circulated the Guide to the Registration of Foreign
Debt Issued by Enterprises on its official website, according to which, domestic companies (and their controlled overseas companies or
branches) who borrowed from foreign companies (including overseas shareholders) a loan for more than one year need to apply to
NDRC. However, NDRC has not issued any other further explanation for the implementation of Circular 56. Our issuance of foreign debt
may be subject to these requirements. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond
to competitive pressures.
We may not have sufficient insurance coverage to fully cover our business risks, which could expose us to significant costs and
business disruption.
We have obtained insurance to cover certain potential risks, such as property insurance covering our inventory inside our self-
operated warehouses and fixed assets such as equipment, furniture and office facilities. However, insurance companies in China offer
limited business insurance products. As a result, we may not be able to acquire any insurance for certain types of risks such as business
liability or service disruption insurance for our operations in China, and our coverage may not be adequate to compensate for all losses
that may occur, particularly with respect to loss of business or operations. Except for a cyber information security insurance policy we
have purchased that may cover income losses or other related losses suffered by certain of our subsidiaries due to service interruption
caused by any cyber security or privacy events, we do not maintain business interruption insurance or product liability insurance, nor do
we maintain key-man life insurance. This could leave us exposed to potential claims and losses. In addition, our third-party service
providers, including third-party warehousing service providers, may fail to purchase insurance or maintain effective insurance. Even if
we are successful in our claims against third-party service providers when certain accidents occurred, such third-party service providers
may not be able to fully, or at all, pay the damages resulting from such accidents. Any business disruption, litigation, regulatory action,
outbreak of epidemic disease, accidents, or natural disaster could also expose us to substantial costs and diversion of resources. We
cannot assure you that our insurance coverage or our third-party service providers’ insurance coverage is sufficient to prevent us from
any loss or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our current insurance policy on a timely basis, or at all. If we incur
any loss that is not covered by our insurance policies, or the compensated amount is significantly less than our actual loss, our business,
financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The financial soundness of financial institutions with which we place our cash and cash equivalents could affect our financial
conditions, business and result of operations.
We place our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions, which include (i) banks incorporated in China, which are all
authorized to operate banking business by China Banking Regulatory Commission and other relevant agencies, and (ii) overseas
financial institutions regulated by competent regulatory authorities in their relevant jurisdictions such as Hong Kong. On February 17,
2015, the PRC State Council, or the State Council, promulgated the Deposit Insurance Regulation, which requires banks registered
within China to provide deposit insurance to depositors. However, pursuant to the Deposit Insurance Regulation, the insurance provided
by the banks has a coverage limit of RMB500,000 (US$72,493.2). Any deterioration of financial soundness of these banks or financial
institutions or any failure of such deposit insurance to fully cover our bank deposits would cause credit risks to our cash and cash
equivalents placed with them and thus could have a material adverse effect on our financial conditions, business and results of
operations.
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A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy or tensions in the relationship between China and other countries
could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
COVID-19 has had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese and global economy since early 2020. Even before the
outbreak of COVID-19, the global macroeconomic environment had been facing challenges along with uncertainties over the impact of
ongoing trade disputes and tariffs. Our business and operations are primarily based in China and substantially all of our revenues are
derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our financial results have been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by the
economy and e-commerce industry in China. Although the economy in China has grown significantly in the past decades, it still faces
challenges. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China’s real GDP growth rate was 2.3% in 2020, which increased to
8.1% in 2021 and slowed to 3.0% in 2022. In addition, China (and Shanghai in particular) experienced an unprecedented COVID-19
resurgence in the first half of 2022, which resulted in significant disruptions to supply chain and e-commerce fulfilment and logistics
capabilities, as well as weaker consumer demand.
There have also been concerns about the tensions in the relationship between China and other countries, including surrounding
Asian countries, which may potentially lead to foreign investors closing down their business or withdrawing their investment in China
and thus exiting the China market, and other economic effects. In addition, there have been concerns on the relationship between China
and the U.S. following rounds of tariffs imposed by the U.S and retaliatory tariffs imposed by China. Trade tension between China and
the United States may intensify. Political tensions between the United States and China have escalated since the COVID-19 outbreak and
the PRC National People’s Congress’ passage of Hong Kong national security legislation, the imposition of U.S. sanctions on certain
Chinese officials from China’s central government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by the U.S. government, the
imposition of sanctions on certain individuals from the U.S. by the Chinese government, various executive orders issued by former U.S.
President Donald J. Trump, such as the one issued in August 2020 that prohibits certain transactions with certain Chinese companies, the
executive order issued in November 2020 that prohibits U.S. persons from transacting publicly traded securities of certain “Communist
Chinese military companies” named in such executive order, various actions taken by the U.S. government in response to concerns
regarding forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, as well as the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-
territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures promulgated by MOFCOM on January 9, 2021, which will apply to
situations where the extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, in violation of international law and the basic
principles of international relations, unjustifiably prohibits or restricts the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China from
engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third country (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other
organizations.
Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trades, investments, technological exchanges and other economic activities
between the two major economies, which would have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global
financial markets. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and what effects they may have
on the global political and economic conditions in the long term. There is also potential risk that the new national security legislation
could trigger sanctions or other forms of penalties by foreign governments, which may adversely affect the financial market and
economic condition of Hong Kong, and in turn may adversely affect the operations of our subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the trading
price of our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. We engage in business with various international brand
partners, many of whom have their home market in the U.S. Escalating political and trade tensions between China and the U.S. may
cause some of these brands to downscale their operations in China, or in the extreme case, exit China completely, which may materially
and adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic
conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in
China. If we were unable to conduct our business as it is currently conducted or our business partners were unable to conduct their
business as it is currently conducted, as a result of such regulatory changes, our business, results of operations and financial condition
would be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, there is considerable uncertainty in the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted
by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China.Also, the
conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of broad economic sanctions on Russia raised energy prices and disrupted global markets. Unrest,
terrorist and war threats in the Middle East and elsewhere may further increase market volatility across the globe. Any prolonged
slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition,
and continued turbulence in the international markets may adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets to meet liquidity
needs.
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Our growth and profitability depend on the overall economic and political conditions and level of consumer confidence and spending
in China.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations are sensitive to changes in overall economic and political conditions
that affect consumer spending in China. For example, changes to trade policies, treaties and tariffs in China, or the perception that these
changes could occur, could adversely affect the financial and economic conditions in China, as well as our financial condition and results
of operations. The U.S.-China trade tension may impact tariff of products imported by our brand partners, which could impact the pricing
of their products and in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, the retail industry is highly sensitive to general economic changes. Many factors outside of our control, including
inflation and deflation, interest rates, volatility of equity and debt securities markets, taxation rates, employment and other government
policies can adversely affect consumer confidence and spending. The domestic and international political environments, including trade
disputes, political turmoil or social instability, may also adversely affect consumer confidence and spending, which could in turn
adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely on certain key operating metrics to evaluate the performance of our business, and any perceived inaccuracies in such metrics
may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.
We rely on certain key operating metrics, such as GMV, to evaluate the performance of our business. Our operating metrics may
differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics used by other companies due to differences in
methodology and assumptions. If these metrics are perceived to be inaccurate by investors or investors make investment decisions based
on operating metrics we disclosed but with their own methodology and assumptions or those published or used by third parties or other
companies, our reputation may be harmed, which could negatively affect our business, and we may also face potential lawsuits or
disputes.
We rely on the e-commerce performance of certain product categories, and any significant downward industry trend of such
categories may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We currently serve brand partners in the following categories: apparel and accessories; appliances; electronics; home and
furnishings; food and health products; beauty and cosmetics; fast moving consumer goods, and mother and baby products; and
automobiles. Currently, we have a substantial amount of our GMV derived from brand partners in apparel and accessories, as well as in
electronics. If the e-commerce performance of certain or various product categories is not successful in general, our business and results
of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate financial
statements on a timely basis or prevent fraud could be impaired.
We are required to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting. The SEC, as required under Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such
company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of
the company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and
report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. We have concluded that our internal control over
financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022, but we cannot assure you that in the future we will not identify material
weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, because of the inherent limitations of internal control over
financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to
error or fraud might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result, if we fail to maintain effective internal control over
financial reporting or should we be unable to prevent or detect material misstatements due to error or fraud on a timely basis, investors
could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business, results of operations and
negatively impact the market price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares, and harm our reputation. Furthermore, we have incurred
and expect to continue to incur considerable costs and to use significant management time and the other resources to comply with these
reporting requirements.
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We may experience additional challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The outbreak of COVID-19, a highly contagious disease known to cause respiratory illness, had caused an adverse impact on
the economy and social conditions in China and other affected countries since late 2019, and had an impact on our industry and caused
temporary suspension of some of our business operations. The Chinese government had implemented emergency measures in various
key cities or regions across the country, including Shanghai, in response to the outbreak of the Omicron variant since November 2021,
including travel restrictions, mandatory cessations of business operations, mandatory quarantines, and limitations on social and public
gatherings. These measures affected our business operations.
Since December 2022, the Chinese government has taken measures to lift the pandemic-related restrictions on social and
economic activities to facilitate people’s return to normalcy. However, there is still uncertainty as to the future development of the
COVID-19 pandemic. There could be a resurgence of the disease and infections could increase again across the country. The
continuation or any future recurrence of COVID-19 may adversely affect our business operations, such as reducing working capacity of
our employees. Such occurrences may affect our ability to conduct our business operations.
The status of the COVID-19 pandemic is affected by factors beyond our control. We cannot guarantee that any mitigation
measures we may take will be sufficient against the effects of a global pandemic. In the event that we are unable to minimize the negative
effects of any future recurrence of COVID-19 on our business, we may experience material adverse effects on our financial statements
and results of operations.
For the COVID-19’s impact on our financial results, please see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The
trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares may also be adversely affected. Any potential impact on our financial results
will depend on, to a large extent, future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the
COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or affect its
impact, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable.
We may be subject to natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or other factors beyond our control.
Natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism or other factors beyond our control may adversely affect the economy, infrastructure and
livelihood of the people in the regions where we conduct our business. Our operations may be under the threat of floods, earthquakes,
sandstorms, snowstorms, fire or drought, power, water or fuel shortages, failures, malfunction and breakdown of information
management systems, unexpected maintenance or technical problems, or are susceptible to potential wars or terrorist attacks. Serious
natural disasters may result in loss of lives, injury, destruction of assets and disruption of our business and operations. Acts of war or
terrorism may also injure our employees, cause loss of lives, disrupt our business network and destroy our markets. Any of these factors
and other factors beyond our control could have an adverse effect on the overall business sentiment and environment, cause uncertainties
in the regions where we conduct business, cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot predict and materially and adversely
impact our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to Shanghai Zunyi do not comply with PRC regulatory
restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations
change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.
Foreign ownership of certain types of internet businesses, such as internet information services, is subject to restrictions under
applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. For example, foreign investors are generally not permitted to own more than 50% of the
equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider. Although according to the Notice on Lifting the Restriction to
Foreign Shareholding Percentage in Online Data Processing and Transaction Processing Business (Operational e-commerce)
promulgated by the MIIT on June 19, 2015, foreign investors are allowed to hold up to 100% of all equity interests in the online data
processing and transaction processing business (operational e-commerce) in China. Other requirements provided by the Administrative
Rules for Foreign Investments in Telecommunications Enterprises still apply. Shanghai Baozun holds an operating license for online data
processing and transaction processing business (operational e-commerce).
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We are a Cayman Islands holding company and our PRC subsidiaries are considered foreign-invested enterprises, directly or
indirectly. Our PRC subsidiary, Shanghai Baozun, is eligible to provide value-added telecommunication services in China by holding a
VAT License for online data processing and transaction processing business (operational e-commerce). However, we do not currently
provide value-added telecommunication services because sales of goods purchased by us do not constitute providing value-added
telecommunication services. Our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, however, holds an ICP license and previously operated an e-commerce platform
for other trading parties. Shanghai Zunyi is 80% owned by Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer,
and 20% owned by Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang, our co-founder. Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang are both PRC
citizens. Revenues from Shanghai Zunyi contributed to 9.8%, 8.6% and 6.8% of our total net revenues in 2020, 2021 and 2022,
respectively.
We entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders, which enable us to:
● exercise effective control over Shanghai Zunyi;
● receive substantially all of the economic benefits of Shanghai Zunyi; and
● have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in Shanghai Zunyi when and to the extent
permitted by PRC law.
Because of these contractual arrangements, we are the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Zunyi and hence consolidate its
financial results as our VIE.
There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and
rules. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to contractual arrangement structures will be adopted or if
adopted, what they would provide. The Foreign Investment Law of the PRC and the Regulations for Implementation of the Foreign
Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Implementation Regulations, became effective on January 1, 2020 and
replaced the trio of prior laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the
Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their
implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Foreign Investment Law and the Implementation Regulations embody an expected
PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the
legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. However, since they are relatively
new, uncertainties still exist in relation to their interpretation and implementation. For instance, under the Foreign Investment Law,
“foreign investment” refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other
entities in China. Though it does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance
that foreign investment via contractual arrangement would not be interpreted as a type of indirect foreign investment activities under the
definition in the future. In addition, the definition contains a catch-all provision which includes investments made by foreign investors
through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the PRC regulators. Therefore, it still
leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual
arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be
deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws and regulations. If our
consolidated “variable interest entity” were deemed as a foreign-invested enterprise under any of such future laws, regulations and rules,
and any of the businesses that we operate would be in any “negative list” for foreign investment and therefore be subject to any foreign
investment restrictions or prohibitions, further actions required to be taken by us under such laws, regulations and rules may materially
and adversely affect our business and financial condition. If we or our VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws
or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have
broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including:
● revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;
● shutting down our website, or discontinuing or restricting the conduct of any transactions between certain of our PRC
subsidiaries and VIE;
● imposing fines, confiscating the income from our PRC subsidiaries or VIE, or imposing other requirements with which we
or our VIE may not be able to comply;
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● requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with
our VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of our VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive
economic interests from, or exert effective control over our VIE; or
● restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of any financing outside China to finance our business and operations in
China, and taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business.
The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In
addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of
Shanghai Zunyi in our consolidated financial statements, if the PRC government authorities were to find our legal structure and
contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us
to lose our right to direct the activities of Shanghai Zunyi or our right to receive substantially all the economic benefits and residual
returns from Shanghai Zunyi and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we
would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of Shanghai Zunyi in our consolidated financial statements. Either of these
results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed on us in this event, would have an adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations.
We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for a portion of our business operations, which may not be as
effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.
Although a substantial majority of our revenue has historically been generated by our PRC subsidiaries, we have relied and
expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders to provide brand e-commerce service to
our brand partners, and to hold our VAT License to enable us to develop online marketplaces. Such contractual arrangements include:
(i) an exclusive technology service agreement which has an initial term of 20 years and will be automatically renewed on a yearly basis
thereafter unless otherwise notified by Shanghai Baozun; (ii) an exclusive call option agreement which will remain in effect until all the
equity interests and assets that are the subject of such option agreement are transferred to Shanghai Baozun or its designated entities or
individuals; (iii) a proxy agreement which has an initial term of 20 years and will be automatically renewed on a yearly basis thereafter
unless otherwise notified by Shanghai Baozun; and (iv) equity interest pledge agreements which will remain in full effect until all the
secured contractual obligations have been performed or all the secured debts have been discharged. For a description of these contractual
arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — C. Organizational Structure — Contractual Arrangements with Shanghai
Zunyi and Its Shareholders.” These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control
over our VIE.
If we had direct ownership of Shanghai Zunyi, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the
board of directors of Shanghai Zunyi, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the
management level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by our VIE and its shareholders of
their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our VIE. However, the shareholders of our VIE may not act in our best
interests or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate
our business through the contractual arrangements with our VIE. We may replace the shareholders of our VIE at any time pursuant to our
contractual arrangements with it and its shareholders. However, if any dispute relating to these contracts or the replacement of the
shareholders remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and courts
and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “ — Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform
their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.” Therefore, our
contractual arrangements with our VIE may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business
operations as direct ownership would be.
Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a
material and adverse effect on our business.
If our VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to
incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under
PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages. We cannot assure you such remedies will be
effective. For example, if the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in Shanghai Zunyi to us or
our designee when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad
faith toward us, we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.
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All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes
through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be
resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such
as the United States. See “ — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China — There are uncertainties regarding
the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.” Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal
guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law, and as a result it
may be difficult to predict how an arbitration panel would view such contractual arrangements. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal
system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Additionally, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final,
parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed
time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award enforcement
proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay.
Our VIE provides brand e-commerce service to our brand partners and holds the ICP license. In the event we are unable to
enforce our contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIE, and our ability to conduct the
businesses may be negatively affected. Considering that the substantial majority of our revenues are currently generated from our
subsidiaries instead of our VIE, we do not believe that any failure by us to exert effective control over our VIE would have an immediate
material adverse effect on our overall business operations, financial condition or results of operations. However, the business operation of
Shanghai Zunyi, our VIE, may grow in the future, and if we fail to maintain effective control over our VIE, we may not be able to
continue to consolidate our VIE’s financial results with our financial results, and such failure could in the future materially and adversely
affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
The shareholders of our VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business
and financial condition.
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang are the shareholders of our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi. Mr. Vincent Wenbin
Qiu is our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang is our co-founder. They may have potential
conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause our VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual
arrangements we have with them and our VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our
VIE and receive substantially all the economic benefits from it. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with
Shanghai Zunyi to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual
arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act
in our best interests or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and us.
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu is also a director of our company. We rely on Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang to abide
by the laws of the Cayman Islands and China, which provide that directors owe a fiduciary duty to the company that requires them to act
in good faith and in what they believe to be the best interests of the company and not to use their position for personal gains. If we cannot
resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi, we would have to rely on legal
proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal
proceedings.
Contractual arrangements in relation to our VIE may result in adverse tax consequences to us and a finding that we or our VIE owes
additional taxes, which could reduce our net income and the value of your investment.
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or
challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the
contractual arrangements between Shanghai Baozun, our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, Shanghai Zunyi, our VIE in China, and its
shareholders were not entered into on an arm’s-length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under
applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust Shanghai Zunyi’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer
pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by Shanghai Zunyi for PRC tax
purposes, which could in turn increase their tax liabilities. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose punitive interest on Shanghai
Zunyi for the adjusted but unpaid taxes at the rate of 5% over the basic RMB lending rate published by the People’s Bank of China, or
the PBOC, for a period according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our
VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if they are required to pay punitive interest.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China
Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.
Our business and operations are primarily based in the PRC and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our
operations in the PRC. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic,
political and legal developments in the PRC.
The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of
government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC
government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state
ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of
productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in
regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s
economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy,
regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past three decades, growth has been uneven, both
geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage
economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also
have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected by government
control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, the PRC government has
implemented in the past certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may
cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material
adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.
Our business and operations are primarily conducted in the PRC, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our
PRC subsidiaries and VIE are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a
civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have
limited precedential value.
In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic
matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to
various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted
laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees
of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of
the limited number of published decisions and the non-binding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often
give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and
regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on
government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive
effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation.
Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources
and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing
statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of
legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we
have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We are subject to laws that are applicable to retailers, including advertising and promotion laws and consumer protection laws that
could require us to modify our current business practices and incur increased costs.
As an online distributor of goods, we are subject to numerous PRC laws and regulations that regulate retailers generally or
govern online retailers specifically. For example, we are subject to laws in relation to advertising and online promotion, such as the
Advertising Law, Pricing Law, Anti-Unfair Competition Law, Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, and also
consumer protection laws that are applicable to retailers. In the past, we have been subject to non-material administrative proceedings
and penalties due to non-compliances with such laws and regulations and may continue to be subject to allegations of non-compliance
with such laws and regulations in the future. Such allegations, which may or may not have merit, may result in administrative penalties
and other costs to us, and we may need to adjust some of our advertising and promotional practices as a result.
If these regulations were to change or if we are found to be in violation with them, we may need to spend additional costs to
rectify non-compliance, adjust our business practices and could be subject to fines or penalties or suffer reputational harm, which could
reduce demand for the products or services offered by us and hurt our business and results of operations. For example, the amended
Consumer Protection Law, which became effective in March 2014, further strengthened the protection of consumers and imposed more
stringent requirements and onerous obligations on businesses, especially businesses that operate on the internet.
Pursuant to the amended Consumer Protection Law, consumers are generally entitled to return goods purchased within
seven days upon receipt without giving any reasons if they purchase the goods over the internet. Consumers whose interests have been
damaged due to their purchase of goods online may claim damages against sellers. Moreover, if we deceive consumers or knowingly sell
substandard or defective products, we would not only be required to compensate consumers for their losses, but also pay additional
damages equal to three times the price of the goods or services.
Operators of online marketplace platforms, such as Tmall and JD.com who have partnered with us, are also subject to stringent
obligations under the amended Consumer Protection Law. For example, where platform operators are unable to provide the real names,
addresses and valid contact details of the sellers, the consumers may also claim damages from the platform operators. Operators of online
marketplace platforms that know or should have known that sellers use their platforms to infringe upon legitimate rights and interests of
consumers but fail to take necessary measures will bear joint and several liabilities with the sellers. In addition, operators of online
marketplace platforms that we partner with may take measures and impose stricter requirements on us or our brand partners as a reaction
to their enhanced obligations under the amended Consumer Protection Law.
Similar legal requirements are frequently changed and subject to interpretation, and we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of
compliance with these requirements or their effect on our operations. We may be required to make significant expenditures or modify our
business practices to comply with existing or future laws and regulations or to satisfy compliance requests from the marketplace
platforms we partnered with, which may increase our costs and materially limit our ability to operate our business.
Failure to comply with the relatively new E-Commerce Law may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions
and results of operations.
As the e-commerce industry is still evolving in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time to address
new issues that arise from time to time. For example, in August 2018, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress
promulgated the E-Commerce Law, which became effective on January 1, 2019. The E-Commerce Law generally provides that e-
commerce operators must obtain administrative licenses if business activities conducted by the e-commerce operators are subject to
administrative licensing requirements under applicable laws and regulations. In addition, the e-commerce Law imposes a number of
obligations on e-commerce operators, including the obligations, to disclose information about commodities or services in a
comprehensive, faithful, accurate and timely manner; while displaying search results of commodities or services to consumers according
to their interests, preferences, consumption habits and other personal characteristics, to provide consumers with options irrelevant to their
personal characteristics; when to offer tie-in commodities or services, to warn consumers about the tie-in sale in a prominent position and
not to set the tie-in commodities or services as the default option; and when charging consumers guarantee deposits as agreed thereby, to
explicitly indicate how and under what procedures consumers may have the guarantee deposits refunded, and not to impose any
unjustifiable conditions on the refund of guarantee deposits. Failure to comply with the relatively new regulatory requirements may have
a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. As no detailed interpretation and implementation rules have been
promulgated, it remains uncertain how the newly adopted E-Commerce Law will be interpreted and implemented. We cannot assure you
that our current business operations satisfy the obligations provided under the E-Commerce Law in all respects. If the PRC governmental
authorities determine that we are not in compliance with all the requirements proposed under the E-Commerce Law, we may be subject
to fines and/or other sanctions.
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PRC regulations regarding acquisitions impose significant regulatory approval and review requirements, which could make it more
difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and
Administration Commission, the State Taxation Administration of the PRC, or the STA, the State Administration for Industry and
Commerce of the PRC (currently known as SAMR), the CSRC, and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, jointly
adopted the Rules on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which came into effect
on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009.
The M&A Rules established additional procedures and requirements that are expected to make merger and acquisition activities
in China by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the MOFCOM be
notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise.
Moreover, the Rules of the MOFCOM on Implementation of Security Review System of Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic
Enterprises by Foreign Investors, issued by the MOFCOM in August 2011, specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors
that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto
control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOFCOM, and prohibit any
attempt to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In
addition, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency be notified in advance of any concentration of
undertaking if certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, our proposed formation of joint venture with, or acquisition of control of, or
decisive influence over, any company with revenues above relevant thresholds would be subject to SAMR merger control review. As a
result of our size, many of the transactions we have taken or may undertake could be subject to anti-monopoly review. Complying with
the requirements of the relevant regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval
processes, including approval from the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such
transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
Furthermore, outbound direct investments conducted by PRC enterprises are subject to approval, filing or reporting
requirements under relevant NDRC, MOFCOM and SAFE rules. We have not completed the requisite procedures for certain of our
investments in the United States, Hong Kong and Taiwan, respectively, and hence may be ordered to cease such outbound investments
and subject to relevant legal and administrative liabilities. In addition, the NDRC issued the new Regulations on Enterprise Outbound
Investment in December 2017 which came into effect on March 1, 2018. Under these new regulations, if an overseas entity controlled by
PRC enterprises or individuals conducts an outbound investment with an investment amount of US$300 million or above in one of the
non-sensitive areas, it shall report the relevant information to the NDRC before the closing of such investment. For any outbound
investment by an overseas entity controlled by PRC enterprises or individuals in one of the sensitive areas listed in the Outbound
Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018 Version) which was promulgated by the NDRC in January 2018 and came into effect on
March 1, 2018, or the Outbound Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018), such investment shall be subject to the NDRC approval
requirement. We may be deemed by the regulatory authorities as an overseas entity controlled by PRC individuals and therefore our
overseas acquisition may be subject to such reporting or approval procedures.
If the regulatory authorities’ practice remains unchanged, our ability to carry out our investment and acquisition strategy may be
materially and adversely affected and there may be significant uncertainty as to whether transactions that we have taken or may
undertake would subject us to fines or other administrative penalties and negative publicity and whether we will be able to complete
large acquisitions in the future in a timely manner or at all.
The approval of and/or filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our offshore
offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain such approval or
complete such filing.
The M&A Rules requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic
companies and controlled by PRC persons or entities to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special
purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. The interpretation and application of the regulations remain unclear, and our
offshore offerings may ultimately require approval of the CSRC. If the CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether we can or how
long it will take us to obtain the approval and, even if we obtain such CSRC approval, the approval could be rescinded. Any failure to
obtain or delay in obtaining the CSRC approval for any of our offshore offerings, or a rescission of such approval if obtained by us,
would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which could include fines and penalties on our
operations in China, restrictions or limitations on our ability to pay dividends outside of China, and other forms of sanctions that may
materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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On July 6, 2021, the relevant PRC government authorities issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal Securities
Activities in Accordance with the Law. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities
activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting
the construction of relevant regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based overseas-listed companies.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, which took effect on March 31, 2023. According to
the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, the issuer or a major domestic operating company designated by the issuer, as the case may be, shall
file with the CSRC for its initial public offering or listing, follow-on offering and other capital raising activities, among others, (i) with
respect to its follow-on offering in the same foreign market within three business days, after completion of the follow-on offering, and
(ii) with respect to its follow-on offering and listing in other foreign markets within three business days, after its initial filing of the
listing application to the regulator in the place of such intended listing.
The Overseas Listing Filing Rules stipulate the domestic enterprises like us that have completed overseas listings are not
required to file with the CSRC immediately, but shall carry out filing procedures as required if we have subsequent filing or reporting
matters in the future, such as future offshore listings, refinancing and other capital raising activities, as well as other major events,
including but not limited to the change of control, investigated or punished by overseas securities regulatory authorities or relevant
competent authorities, changing listing status or listing sector, terminating the listing voluntarily or forcibly, and changing our major
business activities. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities also may take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to
halt our offshore listings or future capital raising activities before settlement and delivery of the proceeds hereby. Consequently, if you
engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that settlement
and delivery may not occur. Non-compliance with the Overseas Listing Filing Rules or an overseas listing completed in breach of the
Overseas Listing Filing Rules may result in a warning on the relevant domestic companies and a fine of RMB1 million (US$144,986.4)
to RMB10 million (US$1.4 million) on them. Furthermore, the supervisors directly responsible and other directly responsible persons of
the domestic enterprises may be warned, and fined between RMB500,000 (US$72,493.2) to RMB5,000,000 (US$724,931.9). The
controlling shareholders or actual controllers of the domestic company organize or instigate the relevant illegal acts, or conceals relevant
matters resulting in the illegal acts, may be fined between RMB1 million (US$144,986.4) to RMB10 million (US$1.4 million). We
cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the filings or reporting and fully comply with the relevant new rules and requirements
in a timely manner or at all. See “Item 4. Information on the Company - B. Business Overview - Regulations - Regulations Relating to
M&A Rules and Overseas Listing.” In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory authorities later promulgate new rules or explanations
requiring that we obtain their approvals or accomplish the required filing or other regulatory procedures for our offshore listings or future
capital raising activities, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to
obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval, filing or other requirements could materially and
adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, reputation, and the proceeds of the shares.
However, since the Overseas Listing Filing Rules are relatively new, as of the date of this annual report, substantial uncertainties
exist with respect to the interpretations and implementations of the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, which needs to be further guided and
clarified by the CSRC and other regulatory authorities. Based on a set of Q&A published on the CSRC’s official website in connection
with the release of the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, a CSRC official indicated that, among others, (i) the domestic company that has
completed overseas public offering and listing prior to the enactment of the Overseas Listing Filing Rules will be regarded as an
“inventory enterprise,” and the inventory enterprise is not required to file with CSRC immediately; (ii) the inventory enterprise shall file
with CSRC as required in the future if the filing matters such as its refinancing is involved; and (iii) with respect to the overseas listing of
enterprises with VIE structure, the filing management will adhere to the market-oriented and rule-of-law principles, and the CSRC will
solicit opinions from relevant regulatory authorities and file the overseas listing of enterprises with VIE structure that meet the
compliance requirement. Nevertheless, it does not specify what qualifies as compliant VIE structures and what relevant domestic laws
and regulations are required to be complied with.
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PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or
our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC
subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore
Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which
replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFE Circular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37
requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an
offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in
domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37
further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as
increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In
the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC
subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying
out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute
additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above
could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and
Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local banks
shall examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration
and amendment registration under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015. Beneficial owners of the special purpose vehicle who are PRC
citizens are also required to make annual filing with the local banks regarding their overseas direct investment status.
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Junhua Wu have completed initial filings with the local counterpart of SAFE relating to their
initial investments in us. However, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do
not have control over our beneficial owners and cannot assure you that all of our PRC-resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE
Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, including the annual filing requirement. Furthermore, we may be unable to disclose
change of our beneficial owners’ shareholding interests in us during the annual filing process of our PRC subsidiaries as required by
SAFE. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely
manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company
who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules,
may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. Failure to register or comply with relevant
requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to
distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
PRC regulations of loans to PRC entities and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent
us from using the proceeds of our offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our foreign-invested enterprises or
our VIE.
We may transfer funds to our directly owned PRC subsidiaries which are FIEs under PRC laws or finance such FIEs by means
of shareholder loans or capital contributions, or to our VIE by making loans, upon completion of our offerings. Any such loans to our
FIEs cannot exceed statutory limits, which is either the difference between the registered capital and the total investment amount of such
FIE or a multiple of the FIE’s net assets in the previous year, and shall be registered or filed with SAFE, or its local counterparts. Any
such loans to our VIE are subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registration. Furthermore, if we make any capital
contributions to FIEs, FIEs are required to register the details of the capital contribution with the local branch of SAMR and submit a
report on the capital contribution via the online enterprise registration system to the MOFCOM.
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In addition, SAFE promulgated the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues concerning Administration Improvement of
Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or Circular 142, on August 29, 2008. SAFE
promulgated Circular 45 on November 9, 2011 in order to clarify the application of Circular 142. Under Circular 142 and Circular 45,
registered capital of a foreign-invested company settled in RMB converted from foreign currencies may only be used within the business
scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments in the PRC. On March 30, 2015,
SAFE released the Notice on the Reform of the Management Method for the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-invested
Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which came into force and superseded SAFE Circular 142 from June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular 19 has
made certain adjustments to some regulatory requirements on the settlement of foreign exchange capital of foreign-invested enterprises,
and some foreign exchange restrictions under SAFE Circular 142 are lifted. Under SAFE Circular 19, the settlement of foreign exchange
by FIEs shall be governed by the policy of foreign exchange settlement at will. In June 2016, SAFE promulgated Circular on Reforming
and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or SAFE Circular 16, which removed
certain restrictions previously provided under several SAFE circulars in respect of conversion by an FIE of foreign currency registered
capital into RMB and use of such RMB capital. However, SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 also reiterate that the settlement of
foreign exchange shall only be used for purposes within the business scope of the FIEs. On October 23, 2019, the SAFE issued the
Circular on Further Promoting Cross-border Trade and Investment Facilitation, or SAFE Circular 28. Among others, SAFE Circular 28
relaxes prior restrictions and allows foreign-invested enterprises whose approved business scope does not include equity investments to
use their capital funds obtained from foreign exchange settlement to make domestic equity investments in China, provided that such
investments do not violate the Negative List and the target investment projects are genuine and in compliance with the laws.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore
holding companies, including SAFE Circulars referred to above, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary
government registrations or filings on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or our VIE or
additional capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries, and conversion of such loans or capital contributions into RMB. If we fail
to complete such registrations or filings, our ability to provide loans or capital contributions to the FIEs or our VIE in a timely manner
may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding our employee equity incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or
us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed companies
due to their position as director, senior management or employees of the PRC subsidiaries of the overseas companies may submit
applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. Our
directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who have been granted options may follow SAFE Circular
37 to apply for the foreign exchange registration before our company becomes an overseas listed company. We and our directors,
executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who have been granted options are subject to the Notice on Issues
Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly
Listed Company, or the Share Option Rules, issued by SAFE in February 2012, according to which, employees, directors, supervisors
and other management members participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC residents
are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed
company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal
sanctions and may also limit the ability to make payment under our equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related
thereto, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our wholly-foreign owned enterprises in China and limit our wholly-foreign
owned enterprises’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt
additional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law. Shanghai Baozun Wujiang Branch has already
completed the SAFE registration under the Share Option Rules.
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In addition, the STA has issued circulars concerning employee share options or restricted shares. Under these circulars,
employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or restricted share units, vest, will be subject to
PRC individual income tax. The PRC subsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee
share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their
share options, restricted shares or restricted share units. In addition, the sales of our ADSs or ordinary shares held by such PRC
individual employees after their exercise of the options, or the vesting of the restricted shares or restricted share units, are also subject to
PRC individual income tax. If the employees fail to pay, or the PRC subsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to
relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government
authorities.
We may rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries to fund
offshore cash and financing requirements.
We are a holding company and may rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our
principal operating subsidiaries and on remittances from our VIE, for our offshore cash and financing requirements, including the funds
necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, fund inter-company loans, service any debt we may incur
outside of China and pay our expenses. When our principal operating subsidiaries or our VIE incur additional debt, the instruments
governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions or remittances to us. Furthermore, the laws,
rules and regulations applicable to our PRC subsidiaries and certain other subsidiaries permit payments of dividends only out of their
retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with applicable accounting standards and regulations.
Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, each of our subsidiaries incorporated in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its
net income each year to fund certain statutory reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its registered capital.
These reserves, together with the registered equity, are not distributable as cash dividends. As a result of these laws, rules and
regulations, our subsidiaries incorporated in China are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their respective net assets to their
shareholders as dividends. In addition, registered share capital and capital reserve accounts are also restricted from withdrawal in the
PRC, up to the amount of net assets held in each operating subsidiary. As of December 31, 2022, we had restricted net assets of
RMB2,361.6 million (US$342.4 million).
Limitations on the ability of our VIE to make remittance to the wholly-foreign owned enterprise and on the ability of our
subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations of those entities, including to make
investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends to our shareholders or otherwise fund and conduct
our business.
We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the EIT Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income
tax on our global income.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, and its implementing rules, enterprises established under the laws
of jurisdictions outside of China with “de facto management bodies” located in China may be considered PRC tax resident enterprises for
tax purposes and may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their global income. “De facto management
body” refers to a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production and business,
personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise. The STA issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled
Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on
April 22, 2009, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2008. Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the
“de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only
applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by foreign enterprises or individuals, the determining
criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the STA’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in
determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises. If we were to be
considered a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our global income. In such
case, our profitability and cash flow may be materially reduced as a result of our global income being taxed under the EIT Law. We
believe that none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of
an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term
“de facto management body.”
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Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ADSs or ordinary shares by our foreign investors may become
subject to PRC tax law.
Under the EIT Law and its implementation regulations issued by the State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to
dividends payable to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC or
which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of
business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or
ordinary shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 10%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in
applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements between jurisdictions, if such gain is regarded as income derived from
sources within the PRC. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid on our ordinary shares or ADSs, and any gain
realized from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, would be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and would as
a result be subject to PRC taxation. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to individual investors
who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax
at a current rate of 20%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements
between jurisdictions. It is unclear whether if we or any of our subsidiaries established outside China are considered a PRC resident
enterprise, holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into
between China and other countries or areas. If dividends payable to our non-PRC investors, or gains from the transfer of our ADSs or
ordinary shares by such investors are subject to PRC tax, the value of your investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares may decline
significantly.
We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other
assets attributed to a Chinese establishment of a non-Chinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by non-
Chinese companies.
On February 3, 2015, the STA issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-
PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7. Pursuant to Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC
resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be recharacterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such
arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise
income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to Bulletin 7,
“PRC taxable assets” include assets attributed to an establishment in China, immoveable properties located in China, and equity
investments in PRC resident enterprises, in respect of which gains from their transfer by a direct holder, being a non-PRC resident
enterprise, would be subject to PRC enterprise income taxes. When determining whether there is a “reasonable commercial purpose” of
the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into consideration include: whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant
offshore enterprise derives from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consists of direct or
indirect investment in China or if its income mainly derives from China; whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or
indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure; the
duration of existence of the shareholders, business model and organizational structure of an overseas enterprise; the income tax payable
abroad due to the indirect transfer of PRC taxable assets; the replicability of the transaction by direct transfer of PRC taxable assets; and
the tax situation of such indirect transfer and applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of
assets of a PRC establishment, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income tax filing of the PRC establishment or place
of business being transferred, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying
transfer relates to the immoveable properties located in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not related
to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to
available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the
transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Where the payor fails to withhold any or sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and
pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Bulletin 7 does not apply to transactions of sale of shares by
investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange. On
October 17, 2017, the STA, issued the Announcement of the STA on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise
Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and
procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax. Pursuant to Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37, both the transferor and the
transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the
taxes.
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We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets
are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries or investments. We may be subject to filing
obligations or taxed if we are transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if we are transferee in such
transactions, under Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37. For transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises,
our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply
with Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these
circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, or to pay tax pursuant to these circulars, which may
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the sales of our ADSs or ordinary shares
held by our PRC individual employees after their exercise under relevant incentive plans are also subject to PRC individual income tax.
Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenue effectively.
Substantially all of our revenue is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,”
which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account,” which includes
foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries or variable interest entity. Currently,
Shanghai Baozun, our major PRC subsidiary which is a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, may purchase foreign currency for settlement
of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of SAFE by complying with certain
procedural requirements such as presenting documentary evidence of such transactions to banks. The Outbound Investment Sensitive
Industry Catalogue (2018) also lists certain industries as sensitive outbound investment industries, which are subject to NDRC pre-
approval requirements prior to remitting investment funds offshore. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or
eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. Since a significant amount of our future
revenue will be denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize
revenue generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our
shareholders, including holders of our ordinary shares and/or ADSs. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain
subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. This
could affect our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries and our VIE.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses and could materially reduce the value of your
investment.
The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the PBOC. The Renminbi
has fluctuated against the U.S. dollars, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and
other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy
adopted by the PRC government. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the
U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate
between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in Renminbi.
Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in Renminbi. Any significant revaluation of Renminbi may materially and
adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ordinary
shares and/or ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our public offerings,
appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we receive from the
conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our
ordinary shares or ADSs, or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative
effect on the U.S. dollar amounts available to us.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not
entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to
enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to
adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control
regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a
material adverse effect on your investment.
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The discontinuation of any of the preferential income tax treatments or government subsidies currently available to us in the PRC
could have a material and adverse effect on our result of operations and financial condition.
We cannot assure you that the preferential income tax rate of our VIE will be maintained in future periods. Pursuant to the EIT
Law, as further clarified by subsequent tax regulations implementing the EIT Law, foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises
are subject to enterprise income tax at a uniform rate of 25%. Certain enterprises may benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under
the EIT Law if they qualify as “high and new technology enterprises” and meet other criteria under the EIT Law and the related
regulations.
Our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, qualified as a “high and new technology enterprise” in 2017 and renewed the qualification in 2020,
and is therefore subject to a 15% preferential income tax rate with a valid term of three years from the year of qualification or renewal.
Other five of our subsidiaries qualified as a “high and new technology enterprise” starting from 2018 and renewed the qualification
subsequently, and are therefore subject to a 15% preferential income tax rate with a valid term of three years from the year of
qualification or renewal. If any of these subsidiaries or our VIE fails to maintain the high and new technology enterprise qualification, its
applicable enterprise income tax rate will increase to 25%.
The discontinuation of the above-mentioned preferential income tax treatments or the change of the applicable preferential tax
rate currently available to us in the PRC could have a material and adverse effect on our result of operations and financial condition. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our current effective tax rate in the future.
We also received subsidies from local governments in China as incentives for conducting business in certain local districts. We
recognized cash subsidies of RMB40.1 million, RMB41.3 million and RMB72.9 million (US$10.6 million) for the years ended
December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. These government subsidies are non-recurring in nature and we cannot assure you that
we will be able to receive any government subsidies in the future.
Our deferred tax assets are subject to uncertainties and judgments.
In the application of our accounting policies, our management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about
the carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated
assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Therefore, actual results may differ
from these accounting estimates. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we recorded deferred tax assets of RMB54.6 million,
RMB114.2 million and RMB162.5 million (US$23.6 million), respectively. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability
method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial
statements carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in
the period in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when,
based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be
realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period of
change. In the event that a substantial reversal of deferred tax assets arises in future periods, our results of operations and financial
condition may be materially and adversely affected.
Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by the PRC regulations may subject us to
penalties.
Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including
certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to
certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local
government from time to time. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local
governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. In addition, we engage third-party
human resources agencies to make social insurance and housing fund contributions for certain of our employees, and there is no
assurance that such third-party agencies will make such contributions in full in a timely manner, or at all. Although some of our PRC
entities incorporated in various locations in China have made the required employee benefit payments, we cannot assure you that we are
able to make adequate contribution in a timely manner at all time. If we are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid
employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
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Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs
The trading price of our ADSs and our Class A ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be volatile, which could result in
substantial losses to the holders of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
The trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares has been and is likely to continue to be volatile and could
fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance
and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of other companies with business
operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in Hong Kong and/or the United States. The securities of some of
these companies have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial price
declines in the trading prices of their securities. The trading performances of other Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings,
including internet and e-commerce companies, may affect the attitudes of investors toward companies with business operations located
mainly in China that have listed their securities listed in Hong Kong and/or the United States, which consequently may impact the
trading performance of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any
negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of
other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us,
regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. In addition, securities markets may from time to time experience
significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, which may have a material and adverse effect
on the trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
In addition to the above factors, the prices and trading volumes of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares may be highly
volatile due to multiple factors, including the following:
● regulatory developments affecting us or our industry, brand partners, suppliers or third-party sellers;
● announcements of studies and reports relating to the quality of our product and service offerings or those of our
competitors;
● changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other e-commerce companies;
● actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations and changes or revisions of our expected results;
● changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
● conditions in the online retail market;
● announcements by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint
ventures, capital raisings or capital commitments;
● additions to or departures of our senior management;
● fluctuations of exchange rates among the RMB , the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar;
● natural disasters or health epidemic such as COVID-19;
● political or market instability or disruptions, pandemics or epidemics and other disruptions to China’s economy or the
global economy, and actual or perceived social unrest in the United States, Hong Kong or other jurisdictions;
● release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding shares or ADSs;
● litigation, government investigation or other legal or regulatory proceeding;
● our share repurchase programs; and
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● any future issuances of securities, including sales or perceived potential sales of additional ordinary shares or ADSs in
certain circumstances.
Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A
ordinary shares. In addition, global stock markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are
unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies and industries. These market fluctuations may significantly affect the
trading price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
The different characteristics of the capital markets in Hong Kong and the United States may negatively affect the trading prices of
our ADSs and Class A ordinary shares.
As a dual-listed company, we are subject to Hong Kong and the Nasdaq Global Select Market listing and regulatory
requirements concurrently. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Global Select Market have different trading hours, trading
characteristics (including trading volume and liquidity), trading and listing rules, and investor bases (including different levels of retail
and institutional participation). As a result of these differences, the trading prices of our ADSs and our Class A ordinary shares may not
be the same, even allowing for currency differences. Fluctuations in the price of our ADSs due to circumstances peculiar to the U.S.
capital markets could materially and adversely affect the price of the Class A ordinary shares, or vice versa. Certain events having
significant negative impact specifically on the U.S. capital markets may result in a decline in the trading price of our Class A ordinary
shares notwithstanding that such event may not impact the trading prices of securities listed in Hong Kong generally or to the same
extent, or vice versa.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the
market price for our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares will depend in part on the research and reports that securities
or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if
one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable
research about our business, the market price for our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these
analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which,
in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares to decline.
Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, holders of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares must rely on
price appreciation of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares for return on their investment.
We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth
of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, holders of our ADSs and/or
Class A ordinary shares should not rely on an investment in our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares as a source for any future dividend
income.
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman
Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount
recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either its profit or
share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to
pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the
timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow,
our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition,
contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on their investment in our
ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary
shares. There is no guarantee that our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which
holders of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares purchased the ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares. They may not realize a return
on their investment in our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares and they may even lose their entire investment in our ADSs and/or Class
A ordinary shares.
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Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares in the public market could cause the
prices of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares to decline.
Sales of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could
cause the market price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares to decline significantly. All of our Class A ordinary shares
represented by ADSs were freely transferable by persons other than our “affiliates” without restriction or additional registration under the
Securities Act. Some Class A ordinary shares outstanding after our offerings will be available for sale, upon the expiration of the lock-up
periods (if applicable to such holder), subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities
Act. Any or all of these ordinary shares may be released prior to the expiration of the applicable lock-up period at the discretion of the
designated representatives. To the extent a substantial amount of shares are released before the expiration of the applicable lock-up
period and sold into the market, the market price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares could decline significantly.
In addition, convertible senior notes that we may issue from time to time may also encourage short selling by market
participants because the conversion of the convertible senior notes could depress the price of our ADS and/or Class A ordinary shares.
The price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares could be affected by possible sales of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares by
investors who view the convertible senior notes as a more attractive means of equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage
trading activity, which we expect to occur involving our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares.
Our dual-class voting structure limits the ability of holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs to influence corporate matters
and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs
may view as beneficial.
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and Mr. Junhua Wu, our co-founder and director,
have considerable influence over matters requiring shareholder approval. Due to our dual-class voting structure, our ordinary shares
consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Based on our dual-class voting structure, on a poll, holders of Class A
ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share in respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, while holders of Class B
ordinary shares are entitled to ten votes per share. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time
by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any
sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of beneficial ownership of any Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof or a beneficial owner
of such Class B ordinary shares to any person or entity which is not an affiliate of such holder or beneficial owner, such Class B ordinary
shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A ordinary shares. The Class B ordinary shares
beneficially owned by Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Junhua Wu, without including shares that the person has the right to acquire
within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security, represent
31.6% and 13.1% of the aggregate voting power of our company, respectively, as of March 31, 2023. The interests of Mr. Vincent
Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Junhua Wu may not coincide with the interests of holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs, and they may make
decisions with which holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs disagree, including decisions on important topics such as the
composition of the board of directors, compensation, management succession and our business and financial strategy. To the extent that
the interests of Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu or Mr. Junhua Wu differ from the interests of holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs,
holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may be disadvantaged by any action that they may seek to pursue. This concentrated
control could also discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions, which could
have the effect of depriving the holders of our Class A ordinary shares and our ADSs of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium
over the prevailing market price.
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Holders of our Shares and/or ADSs may have difficulty effecting service of process and enforcing judgments obtained against us, our
directors and our management, and the ability of U.S. or Hong Kong authorities to bring and enforce actions in the PRC may also be
limited.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We conduct a substantial portion of our
operations in the PRC and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States and Hong Kong. In addition, a majority of
our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and Hong Kong and a substantial portion
of their assets are located outside the United States and Hong Kong. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for our shareholders to
effect service of process or bring an action against us or against them in the United States or in Hong Kong in the event that our
shareholders believe that their rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the United States, Hong Kong or otherwise. Even if
our shareholders are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands, the PRC or other relevant jurisdiction
may render our shareholders unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. In addition, the
SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice and other U.S. authorities may also have difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against us or
our directors or officers in the PRC.
In addition, shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including class action securities law and fraud claims, may
be difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in the PRC. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may
originate actions based on PRC law against a company in the PRC for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a
PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest
in the case and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. It will be, however, difficult for U.S. and other
shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws because we are incorporated under the laws of the
Cayman Islands and it will be difficult for U.S. and other shareholders, by virtue only of holding the ADSs and/or our ordinary shares, to
establish a connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.
It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China.
Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter
of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for
regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation
mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and
administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of
mutual and practical cooperation mechanisms. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which
became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection
activities within the territory of the PRC. While detailed interpretations of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be
promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within
China may further increase difficulties you may face in protecting your interests.
The different characteristics of the capital markets in Hong Kong and the U.S. may negatively affect the trading prices of our Class A
ordinary shares and ADSs.
We are subject to Hong Kong and Nasdaq listing and regulatory requirements concurrently. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange
and the Nasdaq Global Select Market have different trading hours, trading characteristics (including trading volume and liquidity),
trading and listing rules, and investor bases (including different levels of retail and institutional participation). As a result of these
differences, the trading prices of our Class A ordinary shares and our ADSs may not be the same, even allowing for currency differences.
Fluctuations in the price of our ADSs due to circumstances peculiar to the U.S. capital markets could materially and adversely affect the
price of the Class A ordinary shares, or vice versa. Certain events having significant negative impact specifically on the U.S. capital
markets may result in a decline in the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares notwithstanding that such event may not impact the
trading prices of securities listed in Hong Kong generally or to the same extent, or vice versa. Because of the different characteristics of
the U.S. and Hong Kong capital markets, the historical market prices of our ADSs may not be indicative of the trading performance of
the Class A ordinary shares.
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Exchange between our Class A ordinary shares and our ADSs may adversely affect the liquidity and/or trading price of each other.
Our ADSs are currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and our Class A ordinary shares are currently traded on the
Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Subject to compliance with U.S. securities law and the terms of the deposit agreement, holders of our Class
A ordinary shares may deposit Class A ordinary shares with the depositary in exchange for the issuance of our ADSs. Any holder of
ADSs may also withdraw the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs pursuant to the terms of the deposit agreement
for trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In the event that a substantial number of Class A ordinary shares are deposited with the
depositary in exchange for ADSs or vice versa, the liquidity and trading price of our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange and our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Select Market may be adversely affected.
The time required for the exchange between Class A ordinary shares and ADSs might be longer than expected and investors might
not be able to settle or effect any sale of their securities during this period, and the exchange of Class A ordinary shares into ADSs
involves costs.
There is no direct trading or settlement between the Nasdaq Global Select Market and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on which
our ADSs and the Class A ordinary shares are traded. In addition, the time differences between Hong Kong and New York and
unforeseen market circumstances or other factors may delay the deposit of Class A ordinary shares in exchange of ADSs or the
withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs. Investors will be prevented from settling or effecting the sale of their
securities during such periods of delay. In addition, there is no assurance that any exchange of Class A ordinary shares into ADSs (and
vice versa) will be completed in accordance with the timelines investors may anticipate.
Furthermore, the depositary for the ADSs is entitled to charge holders fees for various services, including for the issuance of
ADSs upon deposit of Class A ordinary shares, cancelation of ADSs, distributions of cash dividends or other cash distributions,
distributions of ADSs pursuant to share dividends or other free share distributions, distributions of securities other than ADSs and annual
service fees. As a result, shareholders who exchange Class A ordinary shares into ADSs, and vice versa, may not achieve the level of
economic return the shareholders may anticipate.
Since we are a Cayman Islands company, the rights of our shareholders may be more limited than those of shareholders of a
company organized or incorporated in the United States or Hong Kong.
Under the laws of some jurisdictions in the United States, majority and controlling shareholders generally have certain fiduciary
responsibilities to the minority shareholders. Shareholder action must be taken in good faith, and actions by controlling shareholders
which are obviously unreasonable may be declared null and void. Cayman Islands law protecting the interests of minority shareholders
may not be as protective in all circumstances as the law protecting minority shareholders in some U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, the
circumstances in which a shareholder of a Cayman Islands company may sue the company derivatively, and the procedures and defenses
that may be available to the company, may result in the rights of shareholders of a Cayman Islands company being more limited than
those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States.
Moreover, our directors have the power to take certain actions without shareholder approval which would require shareholder
approval under the laws of most U.S. jurisdictions or the Hong Kong law. The directors of a Cayman Islands company, without
shareholder approval, may implement a sale of any assets, property, part of the business, or securities of the company. Our ability to
create and issue new classes or series of shares without shareholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a
change in control of our company without any further action by our shareholders, including a tender offer to purchase our Class A
ordinary shares at a premium over prevailing market prices.
Furthermore, our articles of association are specific to us and include certain provisions that may be different from common
practices in Hong Kong.
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Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit
our shareholders’ opportunity to sell their ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares at a premium.
Our sixth amended and restated articles of association contain provisions which have the potential to limit the ability of others
to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of
depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties
from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the
authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers,
preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation
preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Class A ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or
otherwise, at such time and on such terms as they may think appropriate. In the event these preferred shares have better voting rights than
our Class A ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs or otherwise, they could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a
change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred
shares, the price of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Class A
ordinary shares and ADSs could be materially and adversely affected.
We are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance standards applicable to Hong Kong listed issuers under
the Hong Kong Listing Rules, which may afford less protection to holders of our ordinary shares.
Our Company is controlled through weighted voting rights. Each Class A ordinary share entitles the holder to exercise one vote,
and each Class B ordinary share entitles the holder to exercise ten votes, respectively, on any resolution tabled at our Company’s general
meetings, except as may otherwise be required by law or the Hong Kong Listing Rules or provided for in our memorandum and articles
of association. Our weighted voting rights structure is specific to us and contain certain features that are different from the requirements
under Chapter 8A of the Hong Kong Listing Rules.
In particular, our weighted voting rights, or WVR, beneficiaries do not own collectively at least 10% of the underlying
economic interest in our total issued share capital at the time of the listing of our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange. Our weighted voting rights structure does not contain sunset provisions under Rule 8A.17 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules
which require cessation of weighted voting rights under certain circumstances. Rule 8A.24 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules requires
weighted voting rights to be disregarded on any resolution to approve certain matters including (i) changes to the listed issuer’s
constitutional documents, however framed; (ii) variation of rights attached to any class of shares; (iii) the appointment or removal of an
independent non-executive director; (iv) the appointment or removal of auditors; and (v) the voluntary winding-up of the listed issuer.
Under our WVR structure, each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to ten votes on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of
our Company, except as may otherwise be required by law or provided for in our memorandum and articles of association.
As we are a “Grandfathered Greater China Issuer” as defined in Chapter 1 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules which had a
secondary listing status under Chapter 19C of the Hong Kong Listing Rules, by virtue of Rule 8A.46(b) of the Hong Kong Listing Rules,
the requirements under Rules 8A.07 to 8A.36, 8A.43 and 8A.44 of the Hong Kong Listing Rules are not applicable to us. Under
paragraph 3.48 of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s Guidance Letter HKEX-GL112-22, we, as a Grandfathered Greater China Issuer, are
allowed to retain our existing weighted voting rights structure after we became primary listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on
November 1, 2022. We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on these exemptions. As a result, our shareholders may not be
provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of the Hong Kong Listing Rules.
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The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial
statements. If the PCAOB in the future determines again that it is unable to inspect and investigate accounting firms in certain
jurisdictions including where the office of our auditor is located, we and investors in our ADSs would be deprived of the benefits of
such PCAOB inspections.
Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual
report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws
in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional
standards. According to a report issued by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, mainland China, where the office of our auditor is
located, was determined as one of the jurisdictions that the PCAOB was unable to conduct inspections and investigations completely. As
a result, we and investors in our ADSs were deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct
inspections of auditors in China in the past had made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public
accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB
inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed
mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public
accounting firms. However, if the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely
accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue
an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we and investors in our ADSs would be deprived of the benefits of the
PCAOB inspections again, which could cause investors and potential investors in our ADSs to lose confidence in our audit procedures
and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or
investigate completely registered public accounting firms in certain jurisdictions including where the office of our auditor is located.
The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
Pursuant to the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm
that has not been subject to inspections by the PCAOB for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or ADSs from being
traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States. On December 16, 2021, the
PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered
public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and our auditor was subject to that determination. In May
2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on
Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December
16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or
investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we do not expect to be identified as a Commission-Identified
Issuer under the HFCAA after we file this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms in
mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If, in the future, the PCAOB determines that it no longer has full access to
inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in
one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a
Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. In accordance with the
HFCAA, our securities would be prohibited from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market
in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive years in the future.
If our shares and ADSs are prohibited from trading in the United States, we cannot assure you that an active trading market for
our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will be sustained or that the ADSs can be converted and traded with
sufficient market recognition and liquidity. A prohibition of being able to trade in the United States would substantially impair your
ability to sell or purchase our ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative
impact on the price of our ADSs. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us,
or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects.
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As a foreign private issuer in the U.S., we are permitted to, and we may, rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq corporate
governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our ADSs and Class A
ordinary shares.
We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules by virtue of being a
foreign private issuer in the U.S. We are required to provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate
governance practices and the corporate governance practices required to be followed by domestic U.S. companies listed on The Nasdaq
Stock Market. The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance,
we are not required to:
● have a majority of the board be independent;
● have a nominating and corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors;
● solicit proxies and hold an annual general meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s fiscal
year-end;
● have regularly scheduled executive sessions with only independent/for non-management directors; or
● have executive sessions of solely independent directors each year.
We followed our home country practice that does not require us to solicit proxy and hold an annual general meeting of
shareholders for the years of 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
The Nasdaq Stock Market Rules require that a majority of a Nasdaq-listed company’s board of directors be independent
directors. Our Cayman Islands counsel has provided a letter to The Nasdaq Stock Market dated August 10, 2020 certifying that under
Cayman Islands law, we are not required to follow or comply with the requirement that a majority of our board members be independent
directors. As of the date of this annual report, our board of directors consists of eight directors, four of which meet the “independence”
requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules.
We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on some of these exemptions. As a result, our shareholders may not be
provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules.
As a foreign private issuer in the U.S., we are exempt from certain disclosure requirements under the Exchange Act, which may
afford less protection to holders of our ordinary shares and/or ADSs than they would enjoy if we were a domestic U.S. company.
As a foreign private issuer in the U.S., we are exempt from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content
of proxy statements under the Exchange Act. In addition, our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the
reporting and short-swing profit and recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We are also not required under the
Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic U.S. companies
with securities registered under the Exchange Act. As a result, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares may be afforded less protection
than they would under the Exchange Act rules applicable to domestic U.S. companies.
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Holders of our ADSs, may have fewer rights than holders of our Class A ordinary shares and must act through the depositary to
exercise those rights.
Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. The holders of our ADSs will not have any direct
right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to directly cast any votes at such meetings. The holders of our ADSs will only be
able to exercise the voting rights which are carried by the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs indirectly by
giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, the
holders of our ADSs may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of the voting instructions from the
holders of our ADSs, the depositary will vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs in accordance with these
instructions. The holders of our ADSs will not be able to directly exercise their right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A
ordinary shares unless they withdraw such shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general
meeting. Under our articles of association, the minimum notice period required to be given by us to our registered shareholders to
convene an annual general meeting is 21 calendar days, and the minimum notice period to be given by us to our registered shareholders
to convene any extraordinary general meeting is 14 calendar days. When a general meeting is convened, the holders of our ADSs may
not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to permit the holders of our ADSs to withdraw the underlying Class A ordinary
shares represented by their ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow the holders of our ADSs to attend the general
meeting and to cast their vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general
meeting. Furthermore, under our articles of association, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and
vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and
such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent the holders of our ADSs from withdrawing the
underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date,
so that they would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. If we ask for their instructions, the depositary will notify
the holders of our ADSs of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to them. We cannot assure the holders of
our ADSs that they will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class A
ordinary shares represented by their ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out
any instructions to vote any of the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs, for the manner in which any voting
instructions are given, including instructions to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us, for the manner in which any vote
is cast, including, without limitation, any vote cast by a person to whom the depositary is instructed to grant a discretionary proxy, or for
the effect of any such vote. This means that the holders of our ADSs may not be able to exercise their right to direct how the underlying
Class A ordinary shares represented by their ADSs are voted and they may have no legal remedy if the underlying Class A ordinary
shares represented by their ADSs are not voted as they requested. In addition, in their capacity as an ADS holder, the holders of our
ADSs will not be able to call a shareholders’ meeting.
Right of holders of our ADSs to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot
make rights available to holders of our ADSs in the United States unless we register both the rights and the securities to which the rights
relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Under the deposit agreement, the
depositary will not make rights available to holders of our ADSs unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to
ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act or exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no
obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement
to be declared effective and we may not be able to establish a necessary exemption from registration under the Securities Act.
Accordingly, holders of our ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings.
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Holders of our ADSs may not receive cash dividends if the depositary decides it is impractical to make cash dividends available to
holders of our ADSs.
The depositary will pay cash dividends on the ADSs only to the extent that we decide to distribute dividends on our Class A
ordinary shares or other deposited securities, and we do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our Class A ordinary
shares in the foreseeable future. To the extent that there is a distribution, the depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to holders of our
ADSs the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our Class A ordinary shares or other deposited securities
after deducting its fees and expenses. Holders of our ADSs will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of Class A
ordinary shares their ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a
distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain
property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the
depositary may decide not to distribute such property to holders of our ADSs.
Holders of our ADSs may be subject to limitations on transfer of their ADSs.
ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from
time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver,
transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the
depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any
provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
We may become a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences
to United States investors.
A non-United States corporation will be deemed as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for the United States federal
income tax purposes for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income or (ii) at least 50%
of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce
or are held for the production of passive income. A separate determination must be made after the close of each taxable year as to
whether a non-United States corporation is a PFIC for that year.
We believe we were not a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2022, and we do not expect to become a PFIC in the
foreseeable future. No assurance can be given as to our PFIC status, however, since the PFIC rules are uncertain in several respects and
the determination of whether we are a PFIC for any taxable year is a fact-intensive inquiry that can only be made after the end of the year
and depends on the market price of our ADSs, which may fluctuate significantly, as well as the composition of our income and assets
during the year. In particular, any recent significant decline in the market price of our ADSs increases the risk of us becoming a PFIC.
The market price of our ADSs may continue to fluctuate considerably and, consequently, we cannot assure you of our PFIC status for any
taxable year. The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets. See
“Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares —
Passive Foreign Investment Company.”
If we were treated as a PFIC, such characterization could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to a
United States investor. For example, if we were treated as a PFIC, our United States investors could become subject to increased tax
liabilities under United States federal income tax laws and regulations and would become subject to burdensome reporting requirements.
See “Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares -
Passive Foreign Investment Company.”
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Changes in our United States federal income tax classification, or that of our subsidiaries, could result in adverse tax consequences
to our 10% or greater U.S. shareholders.
We do not believe that we, or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, are controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) based upon the
ADSs or shares owned directly by U.S. shareholders. However, we or certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries may be classified as CFCs
depending on the U.S. holdings of certain of our non-U.S. shareholders. This classification could cause significant and adverse U.S. tax
consequences for our U.S. shareholders that own, or are considered to own, as a result of the attribution rules, 10% or more of the voting
power or value of the stock of us or our non-U.S. subsidiaries (a “10% U.S. shareholder”) or any person who becomes a 10% U.S.
shareholder under the U.S. Federal income tax law applicable to owners of CFCs. Therefore, 10% U.S. shareholders (if any) and persons
considering becoming 10% U.S. shareholders are strongly urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. Federal income tax law
applicable to owners of CFCs.
There is uncertainty as to whether Hong Kong stamp duty will apply to the trading or conversion of our ADSs.
In connection with the Hong Kong IPO, we established a branch register of members in Hong Kong, or the Hong Kong share
register. Our Class A ordinary shares that are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, including those issued in the Hong Kong IPO
and those that may be converted from ADSs, are registered on the Hong Kong share register, and the trading of these Class A ordinary
shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are subject to the Hong Kong stamp duty. To facilitate ADS-Class A ordinary share
conversion and trading between The Nasdaq Stock Market and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, we have moved a portion of our issued
Class A ordinary shares from our Cayman share register to our Hong Kong share register.
Under the Hong Kong Stamp Duty Ordinance, any person who effects any sale or purchase of Hong Kong stock, defined as
stock the transfer of which is required to be registered in Hong Kong, is required to pay Hong Kong stamp duty. The stamp duty is
currently set at a total rate of 0.2% of the greater of the consideration for, or the value of, shares transferred, with 0.1% payable by each
of the buyer and the seller.
To the best of our knowledge, Hong Kong stamp duty has not been levied in practice on the trading or conversion of ADSs of
companies that are listed in both the United States and Hong Kong and that have maintained all or a portion of their ordinary shares,
including ordinary shares underlying ADSs, in their Hong Kong share registers. However, it is unclear whether, as a matter of Hong
Kong law, the trading or conversion of ADSs of these dual-listed companies constitutes a sale or purchase of the underlying Hong Kong-
registered ordinary shares that is subject to Hong Kong stamp duty. We advise investors to consult their own tax advisors on this matter.
If Hong Kong stamp duty is determined by the competent authority to apply to the trading or conversion of our ADSs, the trading price
and the value of your investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares may be affected.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
We, Baozun Inc., are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on December 17, 2013. We
changed our holding company’s name from Baozun Cayman Inc. to Baozun Inc. in March 2015.
We are a holding company and operate our business through our consolidated subsidiaries, our VIE and its subsidiaries. We
commenced operations to provide brand e-commerce solutions in China in August 2007 through Shanghai Baozun, a PRC limited
liability company founded by our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, Mr. Junhua Wu, Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang and
several other individual investors, or collectively, the Founding Shareholders. Shanghai Baozun, our wholly-owned subsidiary, provides
integrated brand-e-commerce solutions to our brand partners, including IT services, store operations, digital marketing, customer
services, warehousing and fulfillment.
In March 2010, we incorporated our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Shanghai Bodao e-commerce Limited, or Shanghai Bodao, and
Shanghai Yingsai Advertisement Limited, or Shanghai Yingsai, in China. In December 2011, to further develop our e-commerce
solutions business, we incorporated our wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Fengbo E-commerce Limited, or Shanghai Fengbo, in
China. Shanghai Fengbo and Shanghai Bodao provide brand e-commerce solutions to our brand partners, and Shanghai Yingsai provides
marketing services to our brand partners. As we began to expand our business outside of mainland China, we established Baozun
Hongkong Limited in September 2013, which serves as our operation center in Hong Kong. In December 2013, we incorporated our
holding company, Baozun Cayman Inc., under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We incorporated Baozun Hong Kong Holding Limited in
January 2014 to develop our e-commerce solutions business in Hong Kong and internationally.
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The operation of value-added telecommunications businesses in China requires an ICP license, and foreign ownership of value-
added telecommunications business is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws, rules and regulations. We hold an ICP license
through our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, to operate our value-added telecommunications services in compliance with PRC laws and
regulations. In April and July 2014, through Shanghai Baozun, we entered into certain contractual arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi
and its shareholders under which we gained effective control over the operations of Shanghai Zunyi, which currently provides brand e-
commerce service to our brand partners.
In October 2014, we established Taiwan Baozun Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary, to expand our provision of brand e-
commerce solutions to the Taiwan market.
On May 21, 2015, our ADSs commenced trading on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “BZUN.”
In October 2015, we established Baozun (Japan) Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary, seeking to introduce more Japanese
brands to Chinese consumers.
In July 2016, we established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Baotong E-Logistics Supply Chain (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., or Baotong E-
Logistics, to provide warehousing and logistics solutions. In March 2017, we established another wholly-owned subsidiary, Baotong E-
Logistics Technology (Suzhou) Limited to substitute Baotong E-Logistics in providing warehousing and logistics solutions.
In September 2016, we established our joint venture, Baozun-CJ, with CJ O Shopping, a division of CJ Group, a Korean culture
and lifestyle conglomerate, to introduce highly sought-after Korean brands to Chinese consumers.
In December 2016, we completed a follow-on public offering of our ADSs, in which we issued and sold an aggregate of
9,000,000 Class A ordinary shares represented by 3,000,000 ADSs at US$12.25 per ADS and the selling shareholders sold an aggregate
of 3,000,000 ADSs. The aggregate price of the offering amount registered and sold by us was approximately US$36.8 million, of which
we received net proceeds of approximately US$33.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering
expenses payable by us.
In June 2017, we established an innovation center, which focuses on enhancing our IT capabilities and helps us shape the
market by developing and standardizing new services such as cloud-based operating platforms, big data analysis tools for brand e-
commerce, the implementation of artificial intelligence in brand e-commerce over time and upgrade of current technology systems, in
order to serve a wider variety of brand partners and other customers with a broader array of services.
In May 2018, we launched our slogan “Technology empowers future success” as technology is our key growth driver for the
future. We believe innovative technologies will empower a revolution in e-commerce, and digitization and innovation will continue to
underpin growth in the retail industry. In 2019, we upgraded to a hybrid cloud infrastructure - Baozun Hybrid Cloud - to enhance our
storing and computing capabilities. We have integrated and migrated our core e-commerce systems and applications to Baozun Hybrid
Cloud, which helped us better utilize cloud computing, enhance the scalability of our business, and improve cost efficiency.
In April 2019, we completed an offering of US$225 million of the 2024 Notes, and the sale of an additional US$50 million in
aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes pursuant to the exercise by the initial purchasers in full of an option to purchase additional
Notes, pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (collectively, the “Notes Offering”). We
received net proceeds from the Notes Offering of approximately US$269.0 million. Concurrently with the closing of the offering of the
2024 Notes, we also completed an offering of 4,230,776 ADSs (“Borrowed ADSs”), as we entered into the ADS lending agreements
with the ADS Borrowers. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the initial Borrowed ADSs, but received a nominal lending
fee from the ADS Borrowers. In March 2022, we entered into separate and individually privately negotiated transactions with certain
holders of the 2024 Notes to repurchase approximately US$166.3 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes. On April 1, 2022, we
announced a tender offer to repurchase the outstanding 2024 Notes, which were fully repurchased on May 2, 2022. The Borrowed ADSs
were also returned and cancelled in June 2022.
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In September 2020, we completed a global offering of 40,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, which began trading on the Main
Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on September 29, 2020 under the stock code “9991.” The gross proceeds to us from the global
offering, before deducting underwriting fees and the offering expenses, was approximately HK$3,316.0 million (US$425.2 million). On
October 23, 2020, the underwriters partially exercised the over-allotment option in respect of an aggregate of 3,833,700 Class A ordinary
shares. We received total net proceeds of approximately HK$3,511.4 million (US$450.2 million) after deducting offering expenses
payable by us in relation to the global offering and the exercise of the over-allotment option.
Throughout 2021, the rapidly evolving e-commerce industry in China witnessed weak consumer sentiment and persistent
negative impacts due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Better Cotton Initiatives. We adapted quickly by adjusting our strategy and
optimizing resource allocations towards diversification so as to balance against the market headwinds. In addition, we accelerated our
efforts to help our brand partners expedite digital transformation and innovation in the fast-evolving China e-commerce industry.
In 2021, we launched a proprietary intelligent customer service management system called “Service Anywhere,” or S-ANY, to
unify workflow dispatching, training and resource management and to improve consumer journey and ultimately to facilitate
transactions. Meanwhile, we continued to upgrade our operating platforms and middle office for better process re-engineering, and to
make our automation more digitized, centralized, and integrated. We scaled up two regional service centers in Nantong and Hefei in 2021
to complement our powerful operation and technology infrastructure to further optimize resource allocation and drive efficiency.
In addition, we acquired several complementary business in 2021, including Full Jet Limited, or Full Jet, a strategic and brand-
focused industry expert that specializes in developing go-to-market strategies for high-end and luxury brands entering the Chinese
market; Shanghai Yi Shang Network Information Co., Limited, or eFashion, a leading e-commerce solutions provider for fashion brands
focusing on bringing international fashion brands to China; Shanghai Morefun Information Technology Co., Ltd., or MoreFun, a
technology-oriented digital marketing solution provider in China’s e-commerce industry; Suzhou Baoleantone International Logistics
Co., Ltd, or BolTone, a warehouse and supply chain service provider in mainland China; and Bao Best IOT Technology (Suzhou) Co.,
Ltd., or BaoBest, a supply chain businesses operator in mainland China. We target to acquire complementary businesses that enhance our
vertical competitiveness, expand economies of scale, and help make our business portfolio more resilient and balanced. We anticipate
that mergers and acquisitions will become an incremental driver for our value proposition to our brand partners and growth prospects.
In June 2019, we established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Baotong, in Cayman Islands as a holding company to hold 100% of
the equity interest in Baotong E-Logistics Technology (Suzhou) Limited. In September 2021, Baozun and Baotong entered into a share
purchase and subscription agreement with Cainiao, pursuant to which Cainiao made 30% equity investment in Baotong at a total
consideration of US$217.9 million. Baozun, Baotong and Cainiao also entered into a business cooperation agreement aiming to further
explore and develop fulfillment and e-commerce opportunities. Combining Baotong’s outstanding customer-centric services with
Cainiao’s large economies of scale and infrastructures, we believe our integrated service offerings will advance to the next level,
especially the apparel and luxury categories, in being more premium, customized, diversified, and omni-channel.
In 2022, we further expanded our regional service centers towards more cities, more staff and more functions to reduce costs,
increase efficiency and improve service quality. Specifically, more than 1,600 of our customer service staff are located in regional service
centers. Function wise, our multi-location service centers now comprise multiple services such as operations, customer service, digital
marketing and IT solutions.
In 2022, we launched Baozun Omni-Channel Digital Operating Platform to deepen the commercialization of technology and
explore new market opportunities. Baozun Omni-Channel Digital Operating Platform enables multiple channel order fulfillment and
delivers powerful omni-channel D2C, data intelligence and decision support functionalities to our brand partners.
In November 2022, we voluntarily converted our secondary listing status to a primary listing status on the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange. We are now a dual primary listed company on both the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Global Select Market,
and our ADSs listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and the Class A ordinary shares listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
remain fungible and convertible in both directions, subject to certain limitations. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors – Risks
related to Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs – We are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance standards
applicable to Hong Kong listed issuers under the Hong Kong Listing Rules, which may afford less protection to holders of our ordinary
shares.”
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On November 8, 2022, our wholly-owned subsidiary, White Horse Hongkong Holding Limited, entered into a share purchase
agreement with The Gap, Inc. (“Gap”) and Gap (UK Holdings) Ltd. for the acquisition of the entire equity interests of two of its
operating entities, Gap (Shanghai) Commercial Co., Ltd. and Gap Taiwan Limited, which operate the whole business of Gap Greater
China. In the meantime, certain affiliates of ours and Gap’s entered into a series of business arrangements through which Gap grants us
the right to manufacture, market, distribute and sell Gap products in Greater China with local creation capabilities on an exclusive basis.
The duration of these business arrangements totals 20 years, with an initial term of ten years that can be renewed twice with each renewal
of a five-year term.
At the end of 2022, after the acquisition of Gap Greater China, we restructured our organization structure. We now have three
major business lines, namely Baozun E-Commerce (BEC), Baozun Brand Management (BBM) and Baozun International (BZI). BEC
represents our existing China e-commerce revenue source, while BBM and BZI are incremental opportunities providing tangible growth
paths over the next five years.
Our principal executive offices are located at No. 1-9, Lane 510, West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, the People’s
Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86 21 6080-9991. Our agent for service of process in the United States is
Cogency Global Inc. located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168. Our Internet address is www.baozun.com. The
information on our website is not a part of this document. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and
information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at the website of
http://www.sec.gov.
B. Business Overview
We are the leader and a pioneer in the brand e-commerce service industry and a digital commerce enabler in China. China’s
brand e-commerce service industry represents the third-party service industry in which e-commerce service providers provide e-
commerce services to brands, including IT solutions, online store operation, digital marketing, customer services, and warehousing and
fulfillment. We empower a broad and diverse range of brands to grow and succeed by leveraging our end-to-end e-commerce service
capabilities, omni-channel coverage and technology-driven solutions. We help brands execute their e-commerce strategies in China.
Our competitive advantages have enabled us to achieve rapid growth in the number of our brand partners. We serve global
leaders in their respective verticals such as Philips, Nike and Microsoft. Our ability to help brand partners navigate through the
challenges imposed by COVID-19 leveraging our efficient e-commerce operational capabilities and effective omni-channel solutions
demonstrates the value of our services. With our excellent performance, along with several complementary acquisition during 2022, we
managed to grow our brand partners to more than 400 as of December 31, 2022.
We are able to capture the huge market opportunities with our deep understanding of the needs of various brands, which allow
us to offer value propositions differentiated from other market players.
● Multi-category, multi-brand capabilities: We are capable of serving brands of different types, different scales and at
different stages of development. We provide in-depth, industry specific domain knowledge across the e-commerce value
chain.
● Full-scope services: We provide integrated one-stop solutions to address all core aspects of e-commerce operations,
including IT solutions, online store operation, digital marketing, customer service, and warehousing and fulfilment. Our
ability to provide one-stop e-commerce solutions is empowered by our proprietary and robust technology stack, including
our Cloud-based System that enables efficient setup of official brand stores and official marketplace stores, ROSS that
facilitates smooth and efficient online store operations, big data analytics and AI capabilities that drive our efficient and
effective digital marketing solutions, Customer Relationship Management, or CRM, that supports attentive real-time pre-
sale and post-sale customer services and engagement, and Order Management System, or OMS, and Warehouse
Management System, or WMS, that enable integrated and reliable multi-category warehousing and fulfillment services. We
constantly develop new technologies and infrastructure in order to provide innovative and reliable solutions to our brand
partners.
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● Omni-channel coverage: We help brand partners adapt to and thrive on China’s complex e-commerce ecosystem and
evolving e-commerce landscape. We enable brands to integrate online and offline operations. We help brand partners
formulate and implement coherent e-commerce strategies, which requires holistic performance analysis across channels
and balanced tactics for different platforms.
We are devoted to innovation in order to maintain and strengthen our market leading position, both in our business model and
technology stack. Our comprehensive end-to-end service capabilities, along with our in-depth industry knowledge and integrated
technology platforms and solutions, enable different brands to plan and execute e-commerce strategies efficiently. With the strong
compatibility of our IT systems, we are able to provide omni-channel solutions across official brand stores, online marketplaces, such as
Tmall, JD.com and Pinduoduo, and social media channels, such as WeChat Mini Programs and RED (Xiaohongshu), as well as emerging
live streaming and short video platforms, such as Douyin and Kuaishou. We also help our brand partners operate on other global
marketplaces such as LAZADA, SHOPEE, HKTVMALL and Yahoo Super Mall. We will continue to focus on business and technology
innovation to further enhance our value proposition.
Leveraging our technology capabilities, we have continuously expanded and enhanced our service offerings to brand partners
throughout our history. Our technology stack can support all categories of products and is comprised of three layers:
● Front-end systems, including various cloud-based omni-channel technology solutions, customized SaaS (software as a
service) tools and efficiency-oriented applications.
● Middle-end systems, including business middle platform and data middle platform.
● Back-end infrastructure, including proprietary Baozun Hybrid Cloud with strong computing, storage and network
capabilities.
Based on the different needs of our brand partners, we operate under three business models: distribution model, service fee
model and consignment model. The distribution model primarily generates product sales revenue and the other two models generate
services revenue.
Service Fee Model
Under the service fee model, we
offer one or more of the
following services to our brand
partners: IT solutions, online
store operation, digital marketing
and customer services.
Consignment Model
Under the consignment model,
we offer warehousing and
fulfillment services to our brand
partners in addition to the service
offerings under the service fee
model.
Brand partners
No
Brand partners
No
Description
Customers
Whether we hold
inventory and are
subject to inventory
risk
Distribution Model
Under the distribution model, we
select and purchase goods from
our brand partners and/or their
authorized distributors and sell
such goods directly to end
consumers, generating product
sales revenue.
End consumers
Yes
We assume inventory ownership
under the distribution model and
thus are subject to inventory risk.
See “Item 3. Key Information —
D. Risk Factors — Risks Related
to Our Business — If we fail to
manage our inventory effectively,
our results of operations, financial
condition and liquidity may be
materially and adversely
affected.” We carefully select
brand partners with low inventory
risks and high growth potential
for this model.
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Our GMV was RMB55,687.4 million, RMB71,053.9 million and RMB84,274.1 million (US$12,218.6 million) in 2020, 2021
and 2022, respectively. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, our total net revenues were RMB8,851.6 million, RMB9,396.3 million and RMB8,400.6
million (US$1,218.0 million), respectively. For the same periods, net revenues from product sales accounted for 44.1%, 41.2% and
31.5%, respectively, of our total net revenues. We recorded net income of RMB426.5 million in 2020, and net loss of RMB206.0 million
in 2021, and net loss of RMB610.4 million in 2022. We had non-GAAP net income of RMB536.1 million, RMB217.4 million and
RMB182.6 million (US$26.5 million) in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
- A. Operating Results - Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Our Business Models and Solutions
Through our integrated brand e-commerce capabilities, we provide end-to-end brand e-commerce solutions that are tailored to
meet our brand partners’ unique needs. We leverage our brand partners’ resources and seamlessly integrate with their back-end systems
to enable data analytics for the entire transaction value chain, making our services a valuable part of our brand partners’ e-commerce
functions. We are currently a Tmall “six-star” e-commerce service partner, and have been recognized as the highest ranking Tmall e-
commerce service partner since Tmall introduced the grading system, based on a suite of performance measures, including operational
capabilities, brand development capabilities and service ratings. In addition, we had another 13 certificates awarded by Alibaba platform.
In 2022, we were also awarded as “excellent online service provider” and “independent service provider” of Tencent Cloud Mall
Excellent Partner in Tencent Intelligence Retail Qianyu Program, and a 2022 Brand Service Provider by Douyin Platform.
Our e-commerce capabilities encompass every aspect of the e-commerce value chain, including:
● IT solutions;
● online store operation;
● digital marketing;
● customer service; and/or
● warehousing and fulfillment.
Depending on each brand partner’s specific needs and characteristics of its product category, our brand partners utilize one or a
combination of our solutions under one or a combination of our business models:
● distribution model;
● service fee model; and
● consignment model.
We derive revenues under our business models as follows:
● Product sales revenues. We derive product sales revenues primarily through selling the products that we purchase from
our brand partners and/or their authorized distributors to consumers under the distribution model.
● Services revenues. We derive services revenues primarily through charging brand partners and other customers fees under
the service fee model and consignment model.
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In 2020, 2021 and 2022, net revenues from product sales accounted for 44.1%, 41.2% and 31.5%, respectively, of our net
revenues, and net revenues from service accounted for 55.9%, 58.8% and 68.5%, respectively, of our net revenues. In light of the macro-
uncertainties, our strategy for product sales and distribution model is to pursue high-quality growth with a clear focus on profitability and
working capital efficiency. We optimized several brands partners for product sales in 2022, which resulted in our net revenues from
product sales as a percentage of total net revenues declined from 41.2% in 2021 to 31.5% in 2022. Over time, we work with our brand
partners under different combinations of business models to meet their evolving needs and sales objectives, as well as optimize our
resource allocation. Accordingly, our revenue mix may vary over time.
Business Models
We believe our brand partners value us for our integrated e-commerce capabilities, dependable services, deep category
expertise, market insight and ability to innovate and adapt to the fast-changing e-commerce market. Depending on each brand partner’s
specific needs and characteristics of its product category, we provide solutions to our brand partners under one or a combination of our
business models: distribution model, consignment model and service fee model. There is no brand partner to which we offer all three
business models.
Distribution Model
Under the distribution model, we select and purchase goods from our brand partners and/or their authorized distributors and sell
goods directly to consumers through official brand stores or official marketplace stores operated by us. Therefore, our brand partners
and/or their authorized distributors are deemed as our suppliers under the distribution model. We primarily generate product sales
revenue under this model. In order to generate product sales, we utilize every aspect of our e-commerce capabilities. Specifically, we
utilize our IT and online store operation capabilities to set up and operate online stores, including brand stores and marketplace stores.
We utilize our warehousing and fulfillment capabilities to store the goods that we purchase from brand partners and deliver these goods
to our consumers who purchase these goods. We utilize our customer service capability to facilitate sales and ensure our consumers are
satisfied. In order to increase our product sales, we utilize our digital marketing capabilities to boost site traffic and transaction volume.
When we operate stores under the distribution model, the sites will typically indicate that Baozun is the seller of the products and, when
we deliver goods to our consumers, the invoices and tax receipts will typically bear our name instead of those of our brand partners. As
we assume inventory ownership under the distribution model, other than quality issues, we generally are not allowed to return unsold
inventories to the brand partners and/or their authorized distributors.
We adopt the distribution model primarily to cater to specific needs of brand partners for certain product categories, such as
appliances and beauty and cosmetics. We implement strict screening procedures utilizing our strong data analytics capabilities in
analyzing product category data and historic SKU data of brand partners and impose high thresholds on the brand partners selected for
the distribution model. Based on the screening and evaluation, we carefully select competitive, reputable and reliable brands with low
inventory risk and long-term potential for the distribution model. We choose to adopt the distribution model when the benefits of such
model outweigh the potential risks in inventory management. We have more control over pricing and merchandising under the
distribution model and can more effectively apply our e-commerce solutions, which can better improve operational efficiency and sales
performance. For instance, we generally have discretion in adjusting pricing and organizing promotional events to cater to evolving
market conditions and consumer needs.
Service Fee Model
Under the service fee model, we provide one or more of the following services in exchange for service fees:
● IT solutions, including consultations with brand partners, IT infrastructure setup and integration, and online store setup and
design;
● online store operation , including merchandising, site content management and store event management;
● digital marketing , including marketing campaign planning and media services, social marketing, creative contents and big
data support; and/or
● customer service, including pre-sale and post-sale customer services.
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Our brand partners are deemed as our customers under the service fee model. We primarily generate services revenue under this
model.
Consignment Model
Under the consignment model, in addition to the above services we may offer under the service fee model, we also provide
warehousing and fulfillment services, whereby our brand partners stock their goods in our warehouses for their own future sales and we
are responsible for managing storage and delivering goods to consumers. In contrast with the distribution model, however, we do not take
title to the products, do not have any latitude in establishing prices and selecting merchandise, have no discretion in selecting suppliers
and generally are not involved in determining product specifications. We may also facilitate our brand partners’ online sales of goods as
an agent and charge our brand partners commission fees based on a pre-determined formula.
Our brand partners are deemed as our customers under the consignment model. We primarily generate services revenue under
this model.
End-to-End Brand E-Commerce Capabilities
Our integrated brand e-commerce capabilities enable us to provide end-to-end solutions that encompass every aspect of the e-
commerce value chain, including IT infrastructure setup and integration, online store design and setup, online store operations, visual
merchandising and marketing campaigns, customer services, warehousing and order fulfillment. We utilize our capabilities and tailor our
solutions to fulfill the specific needs of each brand partner. For each brand partner, we first hold consultations to determine its e-
commerce needs and development plans. Each brand partner may then elect to use our full e-commerce capabilities or select specific
elements of our capabilities that best fit their needs. Over the course of the collaboration, many brand partners appreciate the value we
bring to them and gradually expand their engagement with us to a broader set of solutions.
The flowchart below illustrates our capabilities and the solutions we offer for each aspect of our brand e-commerce operations:
IT Solutions
With our expertise in technology infrastructure and systems, interactive page design and our deep understanding of Chinese
consumers’ online shopping habits, we provide consultations to our brand partners, help our brand partners set up e-commerce sites that
enhance their brands and cater specifically to local consumers. We provide proprietary e-commerce technology which can be customized
to and integrated with our brand partners’ existing operational back-end systems in a convenient and cost-effective manner.
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Where necessary, we also help our brand partners set up or improve the suitability of their own IT infrastructure for e-commerce
operations. We have made significant investments and intend to continue to invest in developing our proprietary technology platform to
deliver solutions that aim to address comprehensive e-commerce needs across different sales channels for our brand partners. Our
technology systems and applications facilitate our brand partners’ digital transformation throughout their e- commerce value chain: from
storefront sales to backend fulfillment, from user acquisition to customer lifecycle management, from achieving operational efficiency to
gaining industry insights. Our IT services enable our brand partners to quickly adapt to the local e-commerce market and effectively
service online shoppers in China without the costs associated with establishing and maintaining local infrastructure and capabilities on
their own. For more information about our technology infrastructure and capabilities, please see “ — Technology Infrastructure and
Business Application Portfolio.”
In addition to establishing the infrastructure for system integration, our designers help our brand partners design online stores
that enhance their brand image and online presence. Our web developers also incorporate features and functions familiar to Chinese
consumers to facilitate conversion of site visitors into paying consumers. Our Cloud-based System, a proprietary operations system on
our cloud-based platform, enables efficient setup of official brand stores and official brand WeChat Mini Programs for our brand
partners. It allows us to efficiently build up comprehensive functions necessary for an online store, such as real-time data exchange,
digital marketing, order management, product recommendations, membership management, payment management, as well as O2O
functions.
Online Store Operations
We believe efficient online store operations are crucial to our brand partners’ e-commerce business. We staff dedicated
operations teams with relevant industry expertise and brand- specific knowledge for stores we operate and maintain proprietary
technology infrastructure and systems for online store operations. Our operations teams closely monitor and are responsible for all
activities and the daily upkeep of online stores. The functions of the operations teams and systems broadly fall into three categories:
merchandising, site content management and store event management.
● Merchandising: Each operations team has merchandising staff in charge of maintaining an appropriate level of inventory
for online stores by procuring products to be sold on our brand partners’ online stores and forecasting quantities to
purchase based on expected demand. Our operations teams also assist our brand partners in launching products, managing
product listing, and processing sales orders in online stores. We manage sales orders through our proprietary OMS that
integrates with our other technology platforms to ensure smooth online transactions. Our merchandising staff monitors
store sales through periodic sales reports.
● Site Content Management: In addition to providing design services during the initial store setup, we also periodically
update the content in stores we operate in order to maintain the appeal of the online stores. We have a design services team
that helps ensure that brands’ online stores are artfully presented, and refreshed in keeping up-to-date with our brand
partners’ latest advertising campaigns. Our design services team regularly works with our brand partners in producing the
most updated digital content, including product photography, site banners and other promotional content. For more
information about our design services team, see “ — Digital Marketing — Creative Contents.”
● Store Event Management: Our store event management system monitors and identifies events and activities on e-commerce
marketplaces or other channels, and systematically manages application and registration procedures in batch processing,
including event consolidation, goods identification and data unification, and visual content organization and upload, to
improve efficiency and minimize errors. With this robust system, we were able to effectively manage the number of
employees engaged in our store event management functions.
Digital Marketing
We believe digital marketing is key in boosting visitor traffic, increasing conversion and overall transaction volume at online
stores. Our omni-channel brand e-commerce operation capabilities enable us to effectively leverage diverse data to conduct results-
driven marketing planning and execution. We have developed multi-faceted digital marketing capabilities and are able to effectively
design and execute marketing plans across various online platforms, including official marketplace stores, brand stores, as well as other
major and emerging online media and channels. Our digital marketing service can also be provided independently from our brand e-
commerce service and is available to our non-brand partners, which serves as an additional brand partner acquisition channel.
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Leveraging our experience in the e-commerce value chain, we have achieved broad awareness and recognition of our expertise
in digital marketing. We have received Silver award for Greater China e-commerce Agency of the Year, which is the first time that we
receive recognition on Campaign China, a well-established global industry award. In the ROI Festival 2022, we won two silver awards
for our marketing campaign cases and one bronze award for public and private domain integrated operation. The ROI Festival is
considered one of the most influential award ceremonies for creative marketing in Asia. We also won eight gold prizes and were awarded
as the annual marketing agency in 2022 Tiger Roar. In 2022, we were named as the “best marketing service provider” for the sixth
consecutive year by the Golden Wheat Awards, a reputable award for the e-commerce industry. In 2022, we were awarded as digital
marketing agency of the year for the third consecutive year by the Golden Mouse Awards.
As a solid partner to different platforms, we also received agency certifications from reputable marketplaces and platforms. For
Alibaba Group, we have been the 6 star service provider for Alimama solution, data ISV provider, innovative engaging ISV provider as
well as the leading pioneer service provider with Lingyang. Being able to be recognized as the key marketing partner on various different
marketing categories, we believe we will enhance our in-depth understanding of consumer behavior, increase effectiveness of our digital
marketing service, as well as further strengthen our advantage in e-commerce operations. For JD, we are also the official media partner
as well as data ISV partner. We have been working closely with JD to provide a holistic engaging CRM mini-program solution which are
well received by various clients. For Douyin, we became their certified ISV and were awarded as the Industry Pioneer. Finally, we are the
only Tencent partner who received both excellency on eCommerce operation and technical ISV.
Our digital marketing capabilities include (i) marketing campaign planning and media services; (ii) social marketing; (iii)
creative content; (iv) big data support & CRM.
● Marketing Campaign Planning and Media Services: We provide both marketing campaign planning and media services to
our customers. Our unique offering on integrated commerce marketing campaign is our data insight to our target audience
as well as our in-depth knowledge of their behavior. Based on that determination, we create a tailored customer journey and
communications engagement campaigns to have the most impact on the targeted audience. Our media planning capability
is based on achievable ROI as well as brand building potential.
Our diversified media services on major digital platforms include but not limit to search engine optimization, brand ads,
programmatic ads and feeds. For example, based on our understanding of the methodologies and mechanisms adopted by
different platforms, we customize the content of the stores we operate to achieve high rankings. Where appropriate, we also
help our brand partners to negotiate arrangements with platforms to use new products that can achieve higher ROI. To
optimize our efficiency and effectiveness of our media solution, we developed a media tool call Yunbian. Yunbian can help
to create media plans as well as reports that can significantly help our media professionals to do media placement. Yunbian
is now connected to Ali, Tencent and Jingdong. For more information about our data warehouse and reporting system,
please see “ - Technology Infrastructure and Business Application Portfolio - Back-end proprietary technology
infrastructure.”
● Social Marketing: Based on our experience, purchase decisions of Chinese e-commerce consumers are heavily influenced
by recommendations from family, friends, key opinion leaders, key opinion consumers and colleagues who are considered
to be trusted information sources. We are able to provide tremendous value to our brand partners by helping them formulate
social marketing strategies and campaigns that encourage consumers’ engagement with their brands and drive consumers’
desire to purchase their products.
We identify preferred social media platforms for our brand partners then open and operate accounts on these platforms for
our brand partners. We create and publish contents on our brand partners’ accounts, and we engage in dialogue with
consumers who post on our brand partners’ accounts. We track visitors’ activities and analyze the impact of our social
marketing outreach, and we also facilitate interactive marketing through livestreams and short-form videos.
In 2019, we were certified by Alibaba Group as an MCN partner. Starting 2020, we became an authorized marketing
partner of Douyin. We have been closely following industry trends and remain on track to further expand our services to
include a wider array of comprehensive digital marketing solutions. These solutions include new initiatives such as live
streaming, key opinion leader and key opinion consumer positioning to convert marketing power into sales results.
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In addition, we monitor and respond to comments about our brand partners on internet forums and product review websites.
We help identify key opinion leaders on these platforms and work with them in responding to comments about our brand
partners. We believe that providing meaningful feedback addressing potential customers’ concerns greatly facilitates their
purchase decisions.
● Creative Contents: We provide our brand partners with the infrastructure and expertise for producing digital content to be
used in their online stores. We operate an in-house, professional photography studio in Shanghai to create digital product
images for product features, promotions and advertising campaigns. Our production services range from pre-production
work such as casting, art direction and styling to post-production editing and retouching.
We have developed and utilized Yunzhuan, an AI-based automated content generator that identifies specifications of
merchandise based on pictures of such merchandises using image recognition technology and automatically generates
batches of promotional articles on such merchandises, which helps to reduce manual inputs and improve marketing
efficiency. Yunzhuan can also do AI video editing that fits the fast-moving livestreaming environment to create product
specific short video that can become social content to drive traffic.
We provide live streaming services for brands on various platforms. Our services cover the planning and production of live
and short video content. We have a large and stable KOL resource to help brands screen high-quality influencers. Through
data analysis, we provide brands with merchandise strategies of live streaming. The mastery of the platform's algorithm
logic enables us to provide brands with refined live media placement services.
● Big Data Support: We work with platform to provide insightful analysis that can help brands to perform better on e-
commerce. By apply these insights to create impactful marketing campaigns for our brand partners which can refine their
digital marketing strategies under a results-driven approach. We have developed our own business intelligence software,
which enables real-time analysis of transaction data across personal computers and mobile channels to make more targeted
and insightful marketing recommendations to our brand partners.
We provide a one-stop CRM service from strategy to execution. Our CDP helps brands integrate member data from
different platforms, form visual dashboards, and automatically generate intelligent analysis reports. We provide customized
member mini program planning, design and development for brands. We tailor activities, content and mechanisms for
brands that cover the entire consumer lifecycle.
Customer Service
Providing satisfactory pre-sale and post-sale customer services is one of our top priorities. We believe in the importance of real-
time customer assistance. Consumers can contact us through online chat, phone calls or emails. Pre-sale questions relating to product
details comprise most of the questions we receive from consumers, and we believe that an effective pre-sale customer service experience
can encourage consumer purchases. We also provide post-sale services to address questions like return and exchange. Consumers can
access our online representatives and service hotlines from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily (except three days per year during the Chinese New
Year holiday).
We assign our brand partners with dedicated brand customer service teams for pre-sale and post-sale customer services, who
have undergone customer service training, initial and periodic examinations and targeted coaching sessions. In 2021, we launched a
proprietary intelligent customer service management system called “Service Anywhere”, or S-ANY, to unify workflow dispatching,
training and resource management, and to improve consumer journey and ultimately to promote transactions. In 2022, we further utilized
S-ANY across our multi-location regional service centers to reduce cost and increase efficiency.
Warehousing and Fulfillment
We offer warehousing and fulfillment services under the consignment model. We have established along the e-commerce value
chain a robust logistics network and warehousing capacity to help ensure a smooth and positive shopping experience for consumers. Our
WMS is customized to accommodate different needs in product specifications and can handle requirements specific to each of the eight
product categories we serve. In addition to fulfilling brand partners’ e-commerce orders, we have launched additional value-added
services to enrich our warehouse and logistics service offerings, such as anti-counterfeit code protection, tailor-made packaging, B2B
offline store fulfillment, and O2O integrated inventory management.
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We adopt a flexible outsourcing logistics model with several third-party logistic partners supported by our robust and advanced
WMS. We partner with leading nationwide and quality logistics service providers to ensure reliable and timely delivery to over 500 cities
across China through their network. We are able to achieve next-day delivery in over 200 cities across China. The following flowchart
illustrates our warehousing and fulfillment process:
In 2021, we further expanded our logistics network through our acquisitions of BolTone and BaoBest. The acquisition of
BolTone has enlarged our premium warehouse capacities and extended our vertical coverage such as fast moving consumer goods
category and beauty and cosmetics category. This acquisition has also brought us more customs declaration business and B2B business
opportunities. The acquisition of BaoBest provides us with integrated logistics and delivery resources in Suzhou region, helping us to
achieve regional cost advantage and increase customer stickiness. Once fully integrated, we believe BolTone and BaoBest will help us
generate business synergies going forward.
As of December 31, 2022, we directly operated 40 warehouses with an aggregate gross floor area of over 1,030,000 square
meters in nine cities, including Shanghai, Beijing, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Langfang, Chengdu, Wuxi and Jiaxing Our directly-
operated warehouses fulfilled approximately 68.3 million, 50.4 million and 56.8 million outbound orders to consumers in 2020, 2021 and
2022, respectively. Our warehouses cater to different product categories. In addition, we also collaborate with four third-party
warehousing service providers and store goods in warehouses operated by them as of December 31, 2022, to better utilize warehouse
resources and better serve brand partners’ needs.
With our proprietary WMS, we are able to closely monitor each step of the fulfillment process from the time a purchase order
from a consumer is confirmed and the product stocked in our warehouses, up to when the product is packaged and picked up by a
logistics service provider for delivery to the consumer. Shipments from suppliers first arrive at our warehouses. At each warehouse,
inventory is bar-coded and tracked through our WMS, allowing real-time monitoring of inventory levels across our network. Our WMS
is specifically designed to support a large volume of inventory turnover. We closely monitor the speed and service quality of our logistics
service providers through consumer surveys and feedbacks from consumers to ensure their satisfaction.
Brand Partners & Brand Partner Development and Services
Brand Partners
As of December 31, 2022, we provided e-commerce solutions to more than 400 brand partners primarily under service contracts
with a term typically ranging from 12 months to 36 months. Our brand partners cover diverse product categories, including: apparel and
accessories; appliances; electronics; home and furnishings; food and health products; beauty and cosmetics; fast moving consumer goods
and mother and baby products; and automobiles. Some of our existing brand partners have had years of cooperation with us and we
generated a significant portion of our net revenue through (i) the sale of products in the stores of these brands we operate under the
distribution model and (ii) provision of our services to these brand partners primarily under the consignment model and service fee
model. Our brand partners and/or their authorized distributors are deemed as our suppliers under the distribution model and our
customers under the service fee model and consignment model.
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Our contracts with our brand partners are generally not on an exclusive basis and we generally do not have contractual rights to
exclusively sell the products of our brand partners on any e-commerce channel under the distribution model. As a result, we may face
competitions with other brand e-commerce service providers that our brand partners work with. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk
Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.”
Some of our contracts with existing brand partners were based on standard forms proposed by such brand partners that contain
non-compete provisions prohibiting us from selling products of, or providing similar services to, competitors of such brand partners. As
our business further expands, we may engage in business with multiple brand partners that may be in competition with each other. We
have been transparent with our brand partners as to the other brand partners that we are cooperating with.
Brand Partner Development and Services
Brand Partner Screening and Acquisition
We have implemented a strict and methodical brand selection process. Based on our screening guidelines, we carefully select
prospective brand partners, choosing to work with those that conduct business in profitable or promising industries and product
categories and with long-term potential. In addition, we screen potential brand partners based on criteria such as projected annual GMV
and service fees, projected profitability, projected growth outlook and proposed duration of cooperation. We also conduct due diligence
reviews on our prospective brand partners’ qualifications, including whether they hold the proper business operation licenses and safety,
sanitary and quality certifications, and trademark registration certificates and license agreements in relation to the branded products.
We strategically focus on brand partners in product categories that we believe will help optimize our revenue mix and improve
our profitability. We intend to grow our business by adding new brand partners into our brand partner portfolio and cross sell our
services. We seek to attract new brand partners by providing solutions that enable them to grow their e-commerce business more rapidly
and cost-effectively than they could on their own. We have been able to use the capabilities we have developed for our existing brand
partners to attract new brand partners. We also intend to attract customers with our interactive digital marketing services and technology
services, and convert such customers into our brand partners.
We periodically conduct reviews on our brand partners based on category mix, profitability, growth outlook and other criteria.
We have dropped a minority of brand partners to optimize our brand partner portfolio from time to time.
Brand Partner Services Team
We typically assign each brand partner a dedicated brand partner service team to offer individually tailored services and
solutions. All stores across a brand partner’s different channels share the same service team to ensure seamless services to our brand
partners.
Starting from 2020, we constantly reorganized the structure of our service team at the store level to consolidate certain functions
so that we can consolidate and streamline our operations and expand our capacity to serve more brand partners.
Omni- Channels
We currently provide brand e-commerce services under three business models on major marketplaces, such as Tmall, JD.com
and Pinduoduo, and social media channels, such as WeChat Mini Programs and RED (Xiaohongshu), as well as emerging live streaming
and short video platforms, such as Douyin and Kuaishou. We also operate official brand stores and provide O2O solutions to our brand
partners. Enabled by our advanced technological capabilities, we can seamlessly integrate the brand partners’ operations across various
channels with unified product details and consumer profiles, strategic cross-channel marketing and synchronized inventory management,
which provide the brand partners with a single view of their business across different channels and platforms. We leverage all of these
platforms to deliver omni-channel solutions that combine the strengths of diverse platforms to achieve optimal branding effect and sales
results responsive to the e-commerce objectives of each brand partner.
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Official Marketplace Stores
We maintain close working relationships with the major online marketplaces in China, such as Tmall, JD.com and Pinduoduo.
Our brand e-commerce solutions benefit third-party marketplaces by helping them attract new brand retailers. As such, marketplaces are
often motivated to work closely with us to facilitate our ability to connect our brand partners to their systems.
We enter into annual platform service agreements with online marketplaces to set up and maintain online stores on these
channels. Pursuant to these agreements, we typically pay online marketplaces based on a pre-determined percentage of GMV for
transactions settled that varies by product category, and typically ranges from 0.5% to 5.0%. We also pay annual upfront service fees to
marketplaces, up to 100% of which may be refunded depending on our sales volume. We also pay upfront security deposits for potential
disputes under these agreements.
Official Brand Stores and Social Media Channels
We also offer to work with our brand partners in setting up and operating their standalone official brand stores. Based on our
experience, consumers expect a total brand immersion experience at an official brand store, which may involve a different presentation of
a store compared to official marketplace stores that blend the brand’s image with the particular marketplace’s interface. We utilize our in-
house design team in crafting online and mobile sites for official brand stores and mobile sites that deliver an impactful online presence
for our brand partners.
We work with our brand partners to enhance awareness of their brands on social media e-commerce channels. For example, we
help our brand partners set up accounts and design their homepage on WeChat official store, and/or WeChat Mini-programs, help to
regularly update their accounts with stories relating to their products, activities and brands, and sustain user engagement through
community groups. We provide advertising services with Wechat Mini-programs, including ROI-driven advertisement landing, traffic
operation and comprehensive and integrated marketing campaign. We also monitor comments on our brand partner’s accounts and work
with our brand partners in responding to these comments. In addition, we help brand partners directly integrate their WeChat public
accounts with their back-end systems across all marketplace platforms to enable flash sale or routine sale of branded products on social
media platforms.
Our brand partners increasingly merge their view of their official brand stores and WeChat Mini-Programs into a single private
domain, and as such, we have consolidated our official brand stores and WeChat Mini-Programs into a single metric. As of December 31,
2020,2021 and 2022, we operated 96, 95 and 101 official brand stores and Wechat Mini-program stores, respectively.
Other Emerging Channels
As live streaming and short-form videos have gained increasing popularity in China in recent years, we have expanded our e-
commerce solutions to cover these emerging channels. For instance, we offer digital marketing solutions that help the brand partners
promote their products and increase their sales on live streaming and short video platforms, such as Douyin and Kuaishou.
O2O/New Retail Solutions
We help our brand partners devise and execute O2O and new retail strategies by integrating and utilizing their online/offline
retail space and customer data to optimize sales opportunities and encourage a more connected consumer experience. Our omni-channel
capabilities help our brand partners achieve optimal branding effect and sales results that are responsive to our brand partners’ e-
commerce objectives. We also offer our omni-channel matrix of solutions to our brand partners to help them rapidly establish an online
presence. Examples of our O2O capabilities include:
● allowing consumers to place purchase orders and make payments online, and pick up or return and exchange goods offline;
● aligning consumers’ online and offline loyalty programs;
● syncing online and offline QR codes;
● providing brand partners with an effective channel to interact with offline consumers and providing offline consumers with
a convenient and reliable channel to online shopping via interactive screens in offline retail stores;
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● devising and executing O2O strategies for traditional brands lacking IT and system integration capabilities but that have
strong offline presence;
● connecting and integrating brand partners’ offline stores with their official brand stores, marketplaces stores and other
brand hubs ; and
● utilizing CPS (cost-per-sale), a WeChat Mini Program-based tool, to help brand partners formulate key SKU promotion
strategies, design promotional events and articles, track sales performance of the sales agents by tracing the products and
sales events they share and calculate commissions accordingly. CPS provides the brands with a cost effective way to
stimulate the digitization of the offline sales process and facilitates traffic conversion.
Payment Service Providers
Third-party marketplaces and our brand partners’ official brand stores provide consumers with the flexibility to choose from a
number of payment options. These payment options include online payments with credit cards and debit cards issued by major banks in
China, and payment through third-party online payment platforms, such as Alipay and WeChat Pay.
In addition, official brand stores typically offer a “payment on delivery” payment option. Our logistics partners deliver products
to consumers’ designated addresses and collect payment on site. In addition to accepting cash, delivery personnel carry mobile POS
machines for processing debit cards and credit cards.
Logistics Partners
We deliver orders placed on stores operated by us in China through reputable third-party couriers with nationwide coverage,
such as SF Express, STO Express, YTO Express, EMS and ZTO Express as well as other quality logistics service providers.
We believe our large-scale operations and reputation enable us to obtain favorable contractual terms from third-party couriers.
We typically negotiate and enter into annual logistics agreements with our logistics partners, under which we agree to pay delivery fees
based on the amount and the weight of the goods to be delivered, as well as the destination of the delivery.
Technology Infrastructure and Business Application Portfolio
We have made significant investments in developing our proprietary technology platform. We will continue to invest in our
platform to support IT commercialization and deliver solutions that address comprehensive e-commerce needs across different sales
channels for our brand partners and to enhance efficiency and scalability. Our technology systems and applications facilitate brand
partners’ digital transformation throughout the e-commerce value chain--from storefront sales to backend fulfillment; from consumer
acquisition to customer lifecycle management; from achieving operational efficiency to gaining industry insights. We have copyrights to
238 software programs developed by us relating to various aspects of our operations as of March 31, 2023.
Our technologies span across all areas of digital commerce areas--from business applications to data intelligence, and from
technology platforms to enterprise integration. Business applications include Direct-to-Consumer touchpoints, Omni-channel business
operations, and Big data business intelligence. Technical stacks encompass IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS layers.
Business applications: Direct-to-Consumer touchpoints
● Transaction Service Application: UNEX, Baozun’s private domain transaction platform, supports rich interactive marketing
scenarios, adopts the SaaS tenant model, and enriches private domain services of multiple brands and multiple sites. UNEX
is seamlessly integrated with our e-commerce support systems such as order management system, or OMS, and warehouse
management system, or WMS, to ensure synchronization across omni-channel solutions.
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● Cloud-based System is a system established on our cloud infrastructure with a high level of safety and stability that enables
efficient setup of official brand stores and official brand WeChat Mini Programs. It allows us to efficiently build up
comprehensive functions for an online store, such as real-time data exchange, digital marketing, order management,
product recommendations, membership management, payment management, as well as O2O functions. The system
contains various prototypes to ensure greater efficiency in setting up online stores, while also supporting comprehensive
customization to best fulfill brand partners’ specific needs. Such a system helps us improve our operating efficiency,
reduces store maintenance costs, and improves our ability to serve more brand partners. At the same time, front-end
components are abstracted and updated to better serve brand partners’ private domain business.
● Customer Service Application: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system, or Shopcat, which is based on
Baozun’s big data platform, enables our brand partners to go through the whole range of members and precipitates
consumer data assets. Supported by business oriented product design based on our big data platform, Shopcat assists
operational decisions. Shopcat also integrates online and offline membership programs to facilitate our O2O initiatives.
Collectively, Shopcat and business intelligence systems enable us to effectively gather, analyze and make use of internally
generated customer behavior and proprietary transaction data to generate actionable insights for our brand partners.
● O2O Solutions allow brand partners to seamlessly integrate their inventories across offline and online channels to share and
optimally utilize resources of products and inventories across different channels. These solutions provide seamless data
integration that cover order routing, customer management, products and inventory intelligence, and delivery optimization.
Business applications: omni-channel business operations
● Construction and integration of omni-channel user-interfaces facilitate brand partners to stay engaged with consumers
wherever they are. Our solutions cover brand partners’ official brand stores and major online marketplaces in China, such
as Tmall, JD.com and Pinduoduo, and social media channels, such as WeChat Mini Programs and RED (Xiaohongshu), as
well as emerging live streaming and short video platforms, such as Douyin and Kuaishou, and offline stores.
● Merchandise Service Application: Product Information Management (PIM) system provides a one-stop digital asset
management platform for brands, helping the brands quickly expand their businesses through all channels, and ensuring the
consistency of product experience through all channels.
● Fulfillment Service Application: Order Management System (OMS) controls the processing of sales orders by online
stores, including order data fetching and transfer, and fulfillment. This core system connects both internal and external
warehousing systems and is capable of tracking order statuses. It also manages all post-sales services such as order
canceling, product returns and payment refunds. OMS currently supports all channels including marketplaces and official
brand stores.
● Inventory and Order Service Platform ( IOSP): IOSP is designed for our omni-channel e-commerce and O2O initiatives,
which instantly and precisely interlinks and synchronizes with inventories at each of our brand partners’ omni-channels. It
allows brands to consolidate digital inventories and to dispatch across different scenarios at each of their retail omni-
channels. IOSP is comprised of two key modules: Inventory Management, which enables real-time smart inventory
monitoring and management to ensure sufficient inventories across channels; and Order Routing, which assigns orders
based on optimal inventory level, inventory location and fulfillment cost. IOSP helps brands reduce inventory cost,
minimize overselling risk and maximize the management efficiency of inventories.
● Warehouse Management System (WMS) assists us and our brand partners in inventory management, cross-docking, pick-
and-pack, packaging, labeling and sorting functions to efficiently manage warehouse workflow and enhance labor
productivity. Our WMS covers brand partners’ logistics needs in both B2C and B2B businesses.
● Financial Service Application: Recon-Ease provides full-domain e-commerce financial accounting solutions. Based on the
best practices of financial accounting scenarios on mainstream e-commerce platforms, Recon-Ease realizes automatic
financial reconciliation and efficient financial operation of online businesses.
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Business applications: Big data business intelligence
● BI Applications: The data scope of BI covers the whole business data, and it has multi-level business data collection and
analysis capabilities. It is a highly flexible visual analysis platform.
● Artificial Intelligence Application: Selling Machine (SEMA)
brings continuous growth to the brand through data drive. This system has a variety of built-in data models, which are
combined with AI algorithm to carry out intelligent recommendation strategy and digital marketing.
Technology infrastructure
● BaaS (Business applications as a service) includes transaction, commodity, promotion, inventory, payment, order, price,
membership and other modules content
● DaaS (Data applications as a service) collects and organizes data relating to product information, transaction information,
consumers’ geographic location and purchase history throughout all stages of business transactions.
● PaaS (Platform applications as a service) comprises Technology Platform and Data Exchange Platform. Technology
Platform includes tenant management, development and operation of basic services, technical monitoring and alarm,
secondary development and operation of open- source middleware, etc. Data Exchange Platform manages all data
integration requirements from external parties. It supports flexible synchronization of information with any system and also
acts as a buffer to help avoid overloading our core systems, such as OMS and WMS.
● Baozun Hybrid Cloud is a hybrid cloud infrastructure, upon which our proprietary technology is built. Baozun Hybrid
Cloud provides secure and elastic computing power, storage, and network infrastructure that facilitates brand partners’
business 24/7. It can be readily expanded internally or through public clouds (such as AliCloud, AWS cloud) to
accommodate business and customer needs. Baozun Hybrid Cloud and its underlying data centers achieve multiple levels
of system and network redundancies and resiliencies, and enhance our storing and computing capabilities with added
flexibility to improve efficiency and reliability.
In late 2022, we began to focus our R&D efforts on the Platform layer, aiming to fundamentally enhance our technology’s core
competency and market competitiveness, including expediting time-to-market, optimizing cost-structure, and expanding addressable
market. Specifically, the efforts involved (1) multi-cloud development lifecycle, (2) light-mode deployments, (3) internationalization, and
(4) Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) standardization.
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IT Commercialization
It is worth highlighting that in 2022, Baozun officially launched a new technology business brand named Baozun Omini-
Channel Digital Operating Platform (“BOCDOP”), aimed at supporting the digital transformation of the retail industry. BOCDOP
seamlessly integrates Baozun’s comprehensive technological capabilities, focusing not only on differentiated business layouts between
different channels and the integration of online and offline channels, but also on the integration of various business forms (shelf e-
commerce, social e-commerce, offline self-operation, etc.) and the hierarchical authorization of multi-organizational operation modes
(group organization, brand self-operation, TP agency operation, etc.). BOCDOP also focuses on comprehensive and integrated
management of back-end product operation, order fulfillment, inventory management and other aspects for multiple channels, and is
committed to empowering the digital transformation of a wider global retail market by providing an end-to-end digital business solution
covering brand.
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In order to help brands better address the complicated and diverse scenarios of new retail business and to streamline the entire e-
commerce operation process, BOCDOP introduced three key tools that comprise an end-to-end digital business solution for brands:
1. A Direct-to-Consumer comprehensive solution centered on consumers;
2. An omni-channel operation solution that focuses on rapid expansion of channel business and improving operational efficiency;
3. A big-data intelligent application that focuses on big data modeling algorithms and frontier scientific technology innovation.
BOCDOP has begun full-scale operations and is collaborating with top global industry brands to provide brand customers with
technology services that cover the entire domain, including all channels and all processes.
In 2022, our IT commercialization made preliminary achievements and won a number of projects. Customers include leading
brands in 3C, FMCG, luxury, auction and sport-goods trades industry.
Intellectual Property
We use our brand partners’ names, URLs, logos and other marks in connection with the operation and promotion of their e-
commerce business. Our agreements with our brand partners generally provide us with licenses to use their intellectual property in
connection with the operation of their e-commerce business. These licenses are typically coterminous with the respective agreements.
We also rely on technologies that we license from third parties, such as Microsoft, Adobe and certain management information
systems. These licenses may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms in the future or at all. As a result, we
may be required to obtain substitute technologies. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business - The
proper functioning of our technology platform is essential to our business. Any failure to maintain the satisfactory performance of our
platform could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation.”
We regard our trademarks, patents, software copyrights, service marks, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies
and similar intellectual property as critical to our success. To protect our proprietary rights in services and technology, we rely on
trademark, copyright and trade secret protection laws in the PRC. As of March 31, 2023, we owned 203 registered trademarks, 6 patents,
copyrights to 238 software programs developed by us relating to various aspects of our operations, and 97 registered domain names.
In addition, we rely on contractual restrictions, such as confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with our brand partners
and employees.
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Data Privacy and Cybersecurity
Data privacy protection and cyber security are top priorities for us. We have developed strong cybersecurity technology and
practices that safeguard our systems and data and have established a dedicated team to supervise our data protection and data security,
ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations and ensure that we are meeting the expectations of consumers and our brand
partners. Through our privacy policy, consumers and our brand partners can learn how their data is used and provide consent for data
collection when necessary. Our multi-layer security infrastructure provides comprehensive data security infrastructure for continuous
monitoring and system protection throughout all platforms. We received our ISO27001 certifications in December 2015, which was
renewed in December 2018 and December 2021, respectively, each with a valid term of three years. We received our GB/T 19001-
2016/ISO 9001:2015 certification in October 2020 with a valid term of three years. We also received certification of Level 3 of Classified
Protection of Cybersecurity for Baozun E-commerce Transaction System in April 2019, Baozun E-commerce Operation Service System
in September 2021 and Baozun E-commerce Omni-Channel Business System in September 2021, each of which is currently under
renewal. We do not expect any difficulty in renewing such certifications.
We responded quickly to the Personal Information Protection Law which took effect on November 1, 2021, and completed the
system transformation in 2021, including core system data desensitization, data encryption, batch export control, and implement personal
information protection, data security protection, and key infrastructure protection from the management and technology aspects.
In 2022, Baozun E-commerce has successfully passed the ISO27701 certification for Privacy Information Management System,
which is another international security authority certification that Baozun E-commerce has obtained after obtaining the ISO27001
certification for Information Security Management System in 2015. This highlights Baozun E-commerce’s commitment to international
standards in the fields of information security and privacy protection, providing secure and reliable information technology services to
enterprise users, partners, and employees. As a leader and pioneer in the brand e-commerce industry, Baozun E-commerce continually
insists on assuming corporate compliance responsibilities, including actively responding to legal and regulatory requirements,
establishing a data security committee, planning a security technology system, and promoting the implementation of various works
related to information security and privacy protection through measures such as system design, process management, compliance audit,
and system construction. ISO27701 is the extension standard of ISO27001 in management, and it is considered one of the most
authoritative privacy protection standards globally.
Customers and Suppliers
Our brand partners and/or their authorized distributors are deemed as our suppliers under the distribution model and our
customers under the service fee model and consignment model.
Customers
Our top five customers and their affiliates accounted for 26.6%, 19.2% and 21.4% of our total net revenues for the years ended
December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. These customers are brand partners under the consignment model or service fee model.
Our largest customer and its affiliates accounted for 15.7%, 11.4% and 14.0% of our total net revenues for the same periods, respectively.
For concentration risk related to our brand partners, please see “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our
Business - If we are unable to retain our existing brand partners, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.”
Our contracts with brand partners under the consignment model and service fee model typically have a term of 12 to 36 months,
which can be renewed at the option of our brand partners. The contracts set forth the scope of services that we provide to the brand
partners as well as pricing terms. We typically charge fixed fees and/or variable fees primarily based on GMV or other variable factors
such as number of orders fulfilled.
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Suppliers
Our top five suppliers and their affiliates accounted for 70.9%, 59.7% and 59.0% of our purchases for the years ended
December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Our largest supplier and its affiliates accounted for 47.0%, 34.3% and 29.7% of our
purchases for the same periods, respectively. These suppliers are our brand partners and/or their authorized distributors under the
distribution model. We select and purchase goods from such brand partners and/or their authorized distributors and sell goods directly to
consumers through official brand stores or official marketplace stores operated by us on behalf of them. We do not deem any of such
suppliers as material since they only contributed to less than 10% of our GMV in aggregate during the year ended December 31, 2020,
2021 and 2022.
Inventory Management
We adopt different strategies to manage our inventory in order to deal with non-seasonal and seasonal demands. We make
forecast of the necessary inventory level based on historical sales data and carefully formulate our procurement plans. For promotional
events such as the Singles Day promotion, we pre-order sufficient level of inventory to meet surging demand. We track our inventory
from the point we receive the inventory to the point when an order is fulfilled through our OMS and WMS. Once an order is shipped, our
systems automatically update the inventory level for the relevant products to ensure that additional inventory will be ordered as needed.
In order to maintain accurate inventory records, we conduct monthly inventory counts and address any problems immediately. We also
conduct full inventory counts at year-end and assess the effectiveness of our historical inventory levels on a regular basis. In addition, we
actively track the sales data on a real-time basis and make timely adjustments to our procurement plan in order to minimize the chance of
excess unsold inventory. As a result, our obsolete inventory has not been significant.
Insurance
We maintain various insurance policies to safeguard against risks and unexpected events. We have purchased property insurance
covering our inventory inside our self-operated warehouses and fixed assets such as equipment, furniture and office facilities. We also
provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical
insurance for our employees. In addition, we provide supplementary commercial insurances, including but not limited to health
insurances, transportation insurances, and accidental injury insurance to some of our employees and interns. In addition, we provide
freight transportation insurance, professional liability insurance and commercial comprehensive liability insurance to insure our business
operation. We maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for our directors and officers. Except for a cyber information security
insurance policy we have purchased that may cover income losses or other related losses suffered by certain of our subsidiaries due to
service interruption caused by any cyber security or privacy events, we do not maintain business interruption insurance, nor do we
maintain product liability insurance or key-man life insurance. We consider that the coverage from the insurance policies we maintain is
adequate for our present operations and is in line with the industry norm. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related
to Our Business - We may not have sufficient insurance coverage to fully cover our business risks, which could expose us to significant
costs and business disruption.”
Competition
We face competition from other brand e-commerce solutions providers and digital commerce enablers in China. We differentiate
ourselves from our competitors in our omni-channel end-to-end solutions along the e-commerce value chain that cover diverse product
categories. In contrast, our competitors typically fall into one of the following three categories: (i) provide a narrow scope of e-commerce
services and address limited aspects of brands’ e-commerce strategies; (ii) provide a narrow scope of e-commerce services on multiple e-
commerce channels but lack the ability to provide services for multiple product categories; or (iii) provide basic end-to-end e-commerce
services (including basic online store operations, customer services, IT services, marketing services and warehousing and fulfillment
services) but lack the ability to help brands develop and execute e-commerce strategies across omni-channels or provide multi-category
services. Brands that seek collaboration with our competitors may end up having to work with multiple service providers with different
technology infrastructure, information system and operational requirements, while their e-commerce related needs can be served by our
omni-channel end-to-end solutions in a seamless and efficient manner.
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Environmental Social and Governance
We are committed to providing solutions in a responsible and transparent manner to drive sustainable development and increase
value creation for all stakeholders. Sustainability is an integral part of the way we operate and positively impacts the communities in
which we do our business. In 2022, we released our second Environmental, Social and Governance Report and published our first
Carbon Neutrality White Paper. With the vision of “technology empowers the future success”, we will continue to build sounding
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) management, and contribute to global sustainable development goals through innovation
and creating shared value.
Governance
Baozun is a leading brand e-commerce solutions provider and digital commerce enabler in China. We believe that a solid
corporate governance and excellent ESG performance are fundamental for continued growth and sustainable development. We have
established a sustainability committee to enhance ESG management.
ESG Governance: we integrate ESG concepts into our culture and daily operations, and has established a top-down ESG
governance structure to ensure that our ESG strategy and commitment are embedded in the organization and throughout the business.
Our board of directors has overall oversight and ultimate responsibility for our ESG issues. Our sustainability committee is responsible
for recommending ESG strategies, identifying major risks and opportunities, and approving and reviewing all ESG-related policies.
Building on this foundation, we empower the sustainable development task force to assist in the formulation and implementation of ESG
practice initiatives, thus ensuring that the appropriate and effective ESG risk management and internal control systems are in place. Our
sustainability committee consists of Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Yiu Pong Chan, our
director, Mr. Arthur Yu, our chief financial officer and president of BEC, and Mr. Aaron Kwok Yuen Lung, our senior vice president, in
which Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu is the chairman. Our sustainability development task force is composed of various operational
departments and business units of the company.
Board Independence and Diversity: We are well aware of the long-term benefits of board independence and diversity for a
business. As of December 31, 2022, our board of directors had a total of eight members, including four independent directors and two
female directors, of whom Ms. Bin Yu is chairperson of the audit committee of our board of directors.
Risk Management: Through the risk assurance committee led by our senior management, we have established a sound risk
management and internal control mechanism to identify, prevent and control risks related to business operations. We have set up a full-
time internal audit team under our Legal & Risk management department, who reports to audit committee of our Board of Directors. The
internal audit team assumes the responsibility for providing independent evaluation and appraisal of the effectiveness of the Company’s
risk management and internal monitoring system. It identifies the control implementation deficiencies in the various departments daily
operation processes, proposes improvement plans and continuously tracks the actual implementation of improvements to achieve
continuous monitoring and reduction of the Company’s risks in a timely manner. In 2022, the company identified risks including
financial risks, operational risks, fraud risks, cyber security risks, investment and funding risks as well as external regulatory risks.
Business Ethics: We take a zero-tolerance approach to any violation of laws and regulations or improper behavior in commercial
activities in order to create a healthy and ethical culture. In terms of anti-bribery and anti-corruption, we formulated policies and
procedures, established the compliance and fraud investigation department and an anti-corruption management structure with clear
responsibilities, and continued to enhance integrity awareness. Meanwhile, we have established whistleblowing channels and
whistleblower protection policy. In 2022, there were no reported violations of anti-competitive behavior or anti-corruption incidents.
Environmental Sustainability
Based on green development and low-carbon operation, we continue to minimize our environmental impact caused by
operations. We are committed to raising public awareness about environmental issues, promoting an eco-friendly mindset among our
business partners, and promoting sustainable consumption.
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Responding to Climate Change: We recognize the impact of climate-related risks and opportunities on our business operation,
and are working to mitigate such impact by building business resilience. In 2021, following suggestions of the Task Force on Climate-
related Financial Disclosures of the Financial Stability Board, we identified climate change-related risks and opportunities through policy
studying, benchmarking against peer businesses and consulting experts. Based on the identification of climate change risks and
opportunities, we also analyzed and evaluated the carbon footprint and environmental impact of the product lifecycle, covering the entire
process of upstream and downstream transportation, office operations, and product disposal. We target to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission (Scope 1, 2 and 3 ) by 50% by 2030, compared to a 2021 baseline, and to achieve GHG neutrality (Scope 1, 2 and 3) by the end
of 2050. In 2022, our Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions down 40.6% from 2021, and we lead 30% of core suppliers to undertake
carbon reduction projects, and continuously promote sustainable work and living for employees and consumers. In addition, Baozun’s
score in the supply chain module of the CDP climate change questionnaire improved from D to B level in 2022, which fully reflects our
efforts to promote green development in the whole value chain.
Green Operation: We actively promote “green” initiatives such as our “green storage and logistics,” “green packaging,” “green
supply chain” and “green workplace.” We optimize warehousing equipment, create automated and integrated warehousing and logistics
centers, reduce electrical energy consumption in warehousing and replace diesel vehicles with electric vehicles. And we also promote the
use of simple packaging, biodegradable and reusable packaging, and recyclable and reusable paper boxes, and minimize materials used
in our logistics operations, as well as implementation of garbage classification and recycling, among other measures. In 2022, we saw a
reduction of 12,256,000 meters of tape use, recycled up to 2,240 tons of packaging material. As for the vehicles used within the park,
electric forklifts are used as tractor vehicles, and by optimizing the size and capacity of the forklifts and the transport routes in the park,
the number of empty vehicles and the number of electric forklift transports with the same operational volume are reduced. Thus, the
annual electricity savings can reach 14,600 kWh in 2022. In addition, Baozun proactively builds zero-carbon parks based on the “3R”
carbon reduction concept, while promoting energy conservation and carbon reduction in warehousing and logistics parks. In 2023,
Eshang Park will be the first “zero carbon park” in Baozun, which has passed the third-party carbon verification and achieved carbon
offsets through the purchase of CCER (Certified Voluntary Emission Reductions) by the Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange.
Sustainable Supply Chain: As an important partner of brands, we are committed to promote green e-commerce and the concept
of sustainable consumption, and assist in fighting against global climate change. We promote total cost ownership, or the TCO, rather
than single price-oriented procurement concept, and take into account the environmental, social and ethical performance of the supplier
during selection. In addition, we choose suppliers with higher TCO and better sustainability during our own procurement and
recommend and promote them to our brand partners in their purchasing decision process. In addition, we recommend and facilitate the
selection of suppliers with higher TCO and better sustainability to our brand partners and in our own procurement process.
Social
We are committed to empowering the development of the industry with technology and innovation, providing high-quality
services and innovative solutions to our brand partners, and creating shared value with our employees, community and society at large. In
2022, we received 18 awards and recognition for our excellent services, and three sustainability awards and honors.
Employee rights and benefits: We adhere to the principle of fair employment and equal pay. We strive to provide our employees
with comprehensive social benefits, a diverse work environment and a wide range of career and leadership development and training
opportunities. As of December 31, 2022, we had a total of 7,588 full-time employees (including 1,266 full-time employees from the
acquired business entities during 2022), and our total employee training hours reached 152,751 with an average training hour per
employee of 20.08. In 2022, we received 4 awards in employment aspect, such as Lagou 2022 Top Employer of the Year in the Internet
Industry in China Z Times Favorite TOP Employer, and 51 Job 2023 Outstanding Employer Award for Excellence in Human Resource
Management.
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Innovation: Technology is the essence of future retail and is our DNA. We devote significant resources to our research and
development efforts, focusing on developing our technology infrastructure and proprietary systems, expanding our technological
footprint and enhancing the digitalization of our brand partners’ retail business. Based on the deep understanding of brand e-commerce
operation, we have joined hands with brand partners to embrace the new opportunities of omni-channel growth in the post-epidemic era
and unremittingly explore new solutions. In 2022, we launched several innovative products and services, such as data algorithm
marketing tools. On the basis of our operational experience, we proposed the core theory of 4Machine, constructed an advanced
technology framework, and launched the technological business brand, BOCDOP, to create a technology-driven, omni-channel digital
product and service configuration for Baozun, which will enable “good technology” to provide a better consumer experience and
generate greater business value for brands. As of March 31, 2023, we had applied for 73 patents and 241 computer software works to be
developed by us relating to various aspects of our operations.
Information Security and Privacy Protection: Information security is regarded as the basis of our service. We have established
our information security management committee as the highest decision-making body, with overall responsibility for our information
security and privacy protection strategies and practices, and reporting directly to our board of directors. We review our information
security work in accordance with advanced domestic and international standards and complete the construction of information and data
security from four dimensions: information security management structure and system, taking key safeguard measures and actions,
building an emergency mechanism, and strengthening employee’s awareness. In 2022, we passed the ISO 27701 Privacy Information
Management System Certification for the first time, signifying that the level of enterprise privacy information management has reached
international standards; we expanded the coverage of Level Three of Classified Protection of Cybersecurity and added six new sub-
systems such as CRM to the level protection assessment, and as at the end of the reporting period, a total of 13 sub-systems of the four
major systems have passed the certification audit by the national assessment bodies. There were no information security accident or data
leak reported in 2022.
Customer Satisfaction: We provide customer service operations for our brand partners. We set up a dedicated customer service
team for each brand partner, and continue to improve our services to bring better experiences to all consumers. In 2022, we launched our
first partnership with the COPC (Customer Operations Performance Center) to provide the COPC® Customer Experience Excellence in
Practice Training for our employees. After 4.5 days of off-the-job training, all 13 enrolled employees scored 90% and above and were
awarded COPC® Customer Experience Navigator qualification certificates certified by COPC, enhancing the professional competence
of our customer service staff. In 2022, the Company updated and iterated its self-developed integrated management platform S-ANY,
with 10 updated functions in total to improve customer service efficiency and quality. We rely on the intelligent quality inspection
function of the S-ANY platform to enable AI comprehensive quality inspection, multi-dimensional automatic analysis of abnormal
conversations and service visualization inspection to improve the efficiency of customer service quality inspection.
Diversity and Inclusion: We are committed to providing all employees with equal opportunities at the workplace by upholding
the values of honesty, integrity and mutual respect. We believe diversity is fundamental to maintaining our ability to innovate. We
dedicated to increase gender diversity. Meanwhile, we provide job opportunities for people with disabilities and encourage them to exert
their creativity in their positions, and provide them with a barrier-free working environment. In 2022, we hired 14 employees with
disabilities, working for our operation, human resources, and design departments. As of December 31, 2022, the proportion of female
employees reached 59.58%, increased by 1.73% compared with that of December 31, 2021.
Community Investment: We firmly believe that our value is not only to provide brand partners and consumers with quality
services. We are more committed to giving back to society and positively impacting the people around us. Combining our own resource
advantages, we take advantage of the development of the digital economy, and provide community with professional vocational
education and work opportunities. We set up Baozun-Nantong Open University E-commerce Industry College to open up internship
training and employment opportunities for students, so that students can accumulate practical experience, improve vocational skills,
which will later on help them achieve productive employment and decent work.
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Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our
business.
On December 10, 2019 and December 26, 2019, purported securities class action complaints were filed in the United States
District Court for the Southern District of New York against us, our chief executive officer and our then chief financial officer. These
suits, which were captioned Snyder, et. al. v. Baozun Inc. et. al. (Case No.: 1: 19 cv-11290) and AUS, et. al. v. Baozun Inc., et. al. (Case
No.: 1: 19 cv-11812), allege, among other things, that defendants made materially false and misleading statements, or failed to disclose
material facts, regarding the termination of our business relationship with a Chinese electronics brand. The various suits assert claims
covering the period from March 6, 2019 through November 20, 2019 and seek compensatory damages, costs and expenses incurred in
such actions, as well as equitable or other relief. On September 8, 2020, the court appointed the lead plaintiffs and the lead counsel and
consolidated the separate actions into a consolidated action. On November 6, 2020, the lead counsel filed a notice of voluntary dismissal
with the court stating that the consolidated action is voluntarily dismissed against all defendants, without prejudice, and with each party
agreeing to bear their own costs. On November 11, 2020, the court signed the notice of voluntary dismissal, thereby adopting it as an
order of the court. The issuance of this order resulted in the dismissal of the consolidated action.
In September 2021, one of our subsidiaries, Baozun Hong Kong Holding Limited, initiated an arbitration proceeding against a
distributor in the health care and cosmetics industry for payment default, seeking to recover US$22.2 million accounts receivable for the
products procured by this distributor, plus accrued interest and reimbursements of arbitration fees. As of the date of this annual report,
the arbitration proceeding is still ongoing. There is no certainty that the arbitration tribunal will rule in our favor, and even if it does rule
in our favor, there is no guarantee that we will be able to fully recover the amount owed. In 2021, we provided an allowance of RMB93.3
million (US$14.6 million) of accounts receivable in connection with the default of this distributor, and did not make additional allowance
in 2022.
Except for the arbitration proceeding described above, we are not currently a party to, nor are we aware of, any other legal
proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition or results of operations.
Regulations
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in China or our
shareholders’ rights to receive dividends and other distributions from us.
Regulations Regarding Foreign Investment
Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are principally governed by the Catalog of Industries for Encouraging
Foreign Investment, or the Encouraging Catalog, and the Special Administrative Measures, or Negative List, for Foreign Investment
Access, or the Negative List, which were promulgated and are amended from time to time by MOFCOM and the NDRC, and together
with the Foreign Investment Law and its respective implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Encouraging Catalog and the
Negative List lay out the basic framework for foreign investment in China, classifying businesses into three categories with regard to
foreign investment: “encouraged”, “restricted” and “prohibited.” Industries not listed in the Encouraging Catalog or the Negative List are
generally deemed as falling into a fourth category “permitted” unless specifically restricted by other PRC laws. On December 27, 2021,
MOFCOM and the NDRC promulgated the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2021
Version), which became effective on January 1, 2022. On October 26, 2022, MOFCOM and the NDRC also jointly promulgated the
Catalog of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment (2022 Version), which became effective on January 1, 2023.
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On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1,
2020 and replaced three then existing laws on foreign investments in China, namely, the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC
Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected
PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the
legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic invested enterprises in China. The Foreign
Investment Law establishes the basic framework for the access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign
investments in view of investment protection and fair competition. The Foreign Investment Law does not comment on the concept of “de
facto control” or contractual arrangements with variable interest entities, however, it has a catch-all provision under definition of “foreign
investment” to include investments made by foreign investors in China through means stipulated by laws or administrative regulations or
other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions
to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested
entities operating in foreign restricted industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC
governmental authorities. Furthermore, the Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested enterprises established according to
the said three existing laws regulating foreign investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within five years after
the implementation of the Foreign Investment Law.
On December 26, 2019, the State Council promulgated the Implementation Rules of Foreign Investment Law, which took effect
on January 1, 2020 and abolished the Regulation on the Implementation of the PRC Equity Joint Ventures Law, Interim Provisions on the
Contract Term of Equity Joint Ventures, Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law and
Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law. The implementation rules further clarified that the
state encourages and promotes foreign investment, protects the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors, regulates foreign
investment administration, continues to optimize foreign investment environment, and advances a higher-level opening.
On December 30, 2019, MOFCOM and SAMR jointly promulgated the Measures for Information Reporting on Foreign
Investment, which became effective on January 1, 2020. Pursuant to the Measures for Information Reporting on Foreign Investment,
where a foreign investor carries out investment activities in China directly or indirectly, the foreign investor or the foreign-invested
enterprise shall submit the investment information to the competent commerce department.
Depending on each brand partner’s specific needs and the characteristics of its industry, we generally operate our brand e-
commerce business based on one of three models:
● the distribution model;
● the service fee model; and
● the consignment model.
Under these business models, we provide IT solutions, online store operations, digital marketing, customer service to our brand
partners, select and purchase goods from official brand partners and/or their authorized distributors and sell goods directly to consumers
through official brand stores or official marketplace stores operated by us on behalf of our brand partners, and provide warehousing and
fulfillment services. Pursuant to the latest Negative List and the latest Encouraging Catalog, such activities are not listed in either the
Negative List or the Encouraging Catalog and are permitted areas for foreign investments.
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Foreign Investment in Value-Added Telecommunications Businesses
Foreign investment in telecommunications businesses is governed by the Regulations for Administration of Foreign-invested
Telecommunications Enterprises , issued by the State Council on December 11, 2001 and subsequently amended on September 10, 2008,
February 6, 2016 and May 1, 2022 (namely, the “2022 FITE Regulations”). MIIT issued the Notice Regarding Strengthening
Administration of Foreign Investment in Operating Value-Added Telecommunication Businesses on July 13, 2006, pursuant to which a
domestic PRC company that holds an operating license for value-added telecommunications business, which we refer to as a Value-
added Telecommunication License, or a VAT license, is prohibited from leasing, transferring or selling the VAT license in any form, or
providing any resource, sites or facilities to any foreign investors intending to illegally conduct such businesses in China. Pursuant to the
Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (2021 Version), provision of value-added
telecommunications services falls within the ‘restricted’ category. As such, the ultimate shareholding percentage of a foreign investor in
companies engaged in value-added telecommunications services (except for e-commerce, domestic multi-party communications, storage-
forwarding and call centers) shall not exceed 50%. Pursuant to the 2022 FITE Regulations which came into effective on May 1, 2022, in
general, foreign investors are not allowed to hold more than 50% of the equity interests of a company engaged in value-added
telecommunications services. On March 29, 2022, the State Council promulgated the Decision of the State Council on Amending or
Abolishing Certain Administrative Regulations (the “Decision”), which came into effect on May 1, 2022. According to the Decision, the
requirement of good track record and operational experience of the primary foreign investor in a foreign-invested value-added
telecommunications enterprise, as stipulated in the 2022 FITE Regulations was cancelled.
To comply with such foreign ownership restrictions, we currently hold a VAT license for domestic call center services and
internet information services through our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi. We also currently hold a VAT license for online data processing and
transaction processing business (operational e-commerce) through our PRC subsidiary, Shanghai Baozun.
Licenses and Permits
Licensing system for production and sale
China has adopted a licensing system for food supply operations under the Food Safety Law and its implementation rules.
Entities or individuals that intend to engage in food production, food distribution or food service businesses must obtain licenses or
permits for such businesses.
Pursuant to the Administrative Measures on Food Production Licensing issued by the SAMR on January 2, 2020 with effect
from March 1, 2020, the validity term for a food production license is five years. Our PRC subsidiary engaging in food production
business have obtained Food Production Permit.
Pursuant to the Administrative Measures on Food Operation Licensing issued by then State Food and Drugs Administration in
August 2015 and amended in November 2017, an enterprise engaged in food sales or catering services shall obtain a Food Operation
Permit from the local food and drug administration, and the permits already obtained by food business operators prior to the effective
date of the Administrative Measures on Food Operation Licensing will remain valid for their originally approved validity period. On
November 29, 2021, the SAMR promulgated the Announcement on Matters relating to the Record-filing for the Sale of Only Pre-
packaged Food, which stipulates that an entity trading in food but only for sale of pre-packaged food shall apply for the record-filing
when registering for market entity registration. The record-filing formalities shall be completed before carrying out such businesses.
Those who have obtained food operation licenses are not required to go through the record-filing before the expiration of their food
operation licenses. Our PRC subsidiaries engaging in food operation business have obtained Food Operation Permits or completed the
record-filing.
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Permits for Liquor Circulation
Any entity or individual engaged in the wholesale or retail of liquor may be required by local governments to obtain local
licenses for the distribution of alcoholic products, or the Permits for Liquor Circulation. For example, pursuant to the Administrative
Measures of Shanghai Municipality for Production and Sales of Alcohol Commodities, which was adopted by the Standing Committee of
Shanghai People’s Congress in 1998 and amended on September 17, 2010, local enterprises that engage in alcohol wholesaling must
apply to the municipal wine monopoly bureau for an alcohol wholesale license, while local enterprises that engage in alcohol retailing
must apply to the district wine administrative department for an alcohol retail license. Our PRC subsidiaries engaging in wholesale or
retail of liquor have obtained Permits for Liquor Circulation.
Medical Device Operation Enterprise Permit
Pursuant to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices, which was issued by the State Council
in 2000 and latest amended on February 9, 2021, which became effective on June 1, 2021, medical devices are divided into three types
and enterprise engaged in the distribution of type two medical devices shall complete record-filing formalities with the municipal level
food and drug administration and provide supporting materials to satisfy the relevant conditions of engaging in the operation of medical
devices.
Publication Operation Permit
Pursuant to the Publication Market Provisions promulgated in May 2016, an entity engaged in the wholesale or retail of
publications shall obtain an operation permit for publications. If an entity fails to obtain operation permit for publications, it may be
subject to an order to cease illegal acts, fines or confiscation of illegal gains and devices, equipment used for the illegal business
operation. In cases where an entity that is engaged in the distribution of publications via the internet or other information networks within
the approved business scope has obtained an operation permit for publications, such entity shall complete its record-filing formalities
with the publication administrative department that has approved its business scope within 15 days after launching its online distribution
business. Each of Shanghai Baozun, Shanghai Zunyi and Shanghai Fengbo holds an operation permit for publications.
Road Transportation Operation Permit
Under the Regulations on Road Transportation promulgated by the State Council in April 2004 and latest amended on March
29, 2022, which became effective on May 1, 2022, and the Provisions on Administration of Road Transportation and Stations (Sites)
issued by the Ministry of Transport in June 2005 and latest amended on September 26, 2022, any entity engaging in the business of
operating road transportation must obtain a Road Transportation Operation Permit. Our PRC subsidiaries engaging in the business of
operating road transportation have obtained Road Transportation Operation Permits.
Permits for Travel Business
On April 25, 2013, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress issued the Tourism Law, which took effect on
October 1, 2013 and was amended in November 2016 and October 2018. The Tourism Law aims to protect tourists’ legal rights, regulate
travel market and promote the development of travel industry, and sets forth specific requirements for the operation of travel agencies.
Travel agencies are prohibited from (i) leasing, lending or illegally transferring travel agency operation licenses or otherwise
disseminating untrue or inaccurate information when soliciting customers and organizing tours, (ii) conducting any false publicity to
mislead customers, (iii) arranging visits to or participation in any project or activity in violation of PRC laws and regulations or social
morality, (iv) organizing tours at unreasonably low price to induce or cheat tourists, or obtaining unlawful profits such as kickbacks, and
(v) changing or ceasing scheduled itineraries without reasons and forcing the tourists to participate in other activities against the will of
tourists.
The travel industry is subject to the supervision of Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the PRC, and its local counterparts. The
principal regulations governing travel agencies in China include the Travel Agency Regulations and the Implementing Rules of Travel
Agency Regulations. Under these regulations, a travel agency must obtain a license from the state tourism administration to conduct
outbound travel business, and a license from the provincial-level tourism administration to conduct domestic and inbound travel agency
business. Our PRC subsidiary, Beijing Jingtang International Travel Agency Limited, has obtained a license covering outbound, inbound
travel business and domestic travel agency business but has not yet carried out relevant business.
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Except for licenses and permits, we are also subject to various legal obligations as distributors of certain products. For example,
under relevant PRC laws, we, as distributors of cosmetics, are obliged to check whether the cosmetics we sell online have been issued the
requisite permits, certificates or filings in relation to the production or import of such products and whether such products have passed
the quality inspection before they are sold.
Regulation Relating to Product Quality, Advertising and Consumer Protection
The Product Quality Law, promulgated in 1993 and subsequently amended in July 2000, August 2009 and December 2018,
applies to all production and sale activities in China. Pursuant to this law, products offered for sale must satisfy relevant quality and
safety standards. Enterprises may not produce or sell counterfeit products in any way, including forging brand labels or giving false
information regarding a product’s manufacturer. Violations of state or industrial standards for health and safety and any other related
violations may result in civil liabilities and administrative penalties, such as compensation for damages, fines, suspension or shutdown of
business, as well as confiscation of products illegally produced and sold and the proceeds from such sales. Severe violations may subject
the responsible individual or enterprise to criminal liabilities. Where a defective product causes personal injury or damage to another
person’s property, the victim may claim compensation from the manufacturer or from the seller of the product. If the seller pays
compensation and it is the manufacturer that should bear the liability, the seller has a right of recourse against the manufacturer.
Similarly, if the manufacturer pays compensation and it is the seller that should bear the liability, the manufacturer has a right of recourse
against the seller.
The principal regulations governing promotion and advertising activities in China include the PRC Anti-Unfair Competition
Law promulgated in 1993 and amended in 2017 and 2019, the PRC Pricing Law promulgated in 1997, and the PRC Advertising Law
promulgated in 1994 and subsequently amended in April 2015, October 2018 and April 2021. Under the PRC Advertising Law,
advertising operators and advertising distributors will be subject to more stringent requirements and obligations. For example, entities or
individuals shall not send advertisements to customers’ telephones, mobile or email accounts without the customers’ consents or
requests, and any advertisement containing any kind of misleading, false or inaccurate information with respect to product quality,
constituents, functionality, price, sales performance or other features will be deemed as deceptive advertising and will subject the
advertising operators and distributors to penalties more severe than those under the original law. In addition, the PRC Anti-Unfair
Competition Law further imposes stringent requirements on various promotional activities, such as prize-giving sales and bundling sales.
Violation of these requirements may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income, orders to cease dissemination
of the advertisements, and orders to publish a correction to the misleading information.
The Consumer Protection Law, promulgated by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee in October 1993 and
subsequently amended in August 2009 and October 2013, sets out the obligations of business operators and the rights and interests of the
consumers in China. Pursuant to this law, business operators must guarantee that the commodities they sell satisfy the requirements for
personal or property safety, provide consumers with authentic information about the commodities, and guarantee the quality, function,
usage and term of validity of the commodities. Failure to comply with the Consumer Protection Law may subject business operators to
civil liabilities such as refunding purchase prices, replacement of commodities, repairing, ceasing damages, compensation, and restoring
reputation, and even subject the business operators or the responsible individuals to criminal penalties when personal damages are
involved or if the circumstances are severe. The Consumer Protection Law was further amended in October 2013 and became effective in
March 2014. The amended Consumer Protection Law further strengthens the protection of consumers and imposes more stringent
requirements and obligations on business operators, especially on the business operators through the internet. For example, the
consumers are entitled to return the goods (except for certain specific goods, such as custom-made goods, fresh and perishable goods)
within seven days upon receipt without any reasons when they purchase the goods from business operators on the internet. The
consumers whose interests have been damaged due to their purchase of goods or acceptance of services on online marketplace stores
may claim damages from sellers or service providers. Moreover, if business operators deceive consumers when selling products or
providing services, they should not only compensate consumers for their losses, but also pay additional damages equal to three times the
price of the goods or services. If business operators knowingly sell defective products to the consumers and such products cause death of
the consumers or other victims or cause severe damage to the health of the consumers or other victims, they should not only compensate
victims for their loss, but also pay additional damages up to twice of the victims’ loss.
We are subject to the above laws and regulations as an online distributor of commodities and believe that we are currently in
compliance with these regulations in all material aspects.
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Regulation Relating to Cybersecurity
The National People’s Congress Standing Committee promulgated the Cybersecurity Law on November 7, 2016, which took
effect from June 1, 2017. Construction, operation, maintenance and use of networks within the territory of the PRC will be subject to the
law. Network operators in the PRC are required to perform the following obligations to ensure cyber security under a graded system of
cyber security protection:
(1) formulating internal security management systems and operation manual, to specify the person in charge of cyber security
and to define responsibilities in cyber security protection;
(2) taking technical measures to prevent computer virus, network attacks, network intrusions and other activities that endanger
cyber security;
(3) taking technical measures to monitor and record network operation and cyber security status, and maintaining relevant logs
for no less than six months as required;
(4) taking measures such as data classification, and backup and encryption of important data, etc.; and
(5) performing other obligations required by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
In addition, the Cybersecurity Law specifies that network products and services shall satisfy the mandatory requirements set
forth in applicable national standards. Any provider of network products or services shall not install malwares. In case of identifying any
cyber security risk such as security defect or bug, relevant product/service provider is required to take immediate remedial actions, timely
inform users of the risk, and report the event to the competent authority.
Furthermore, the Cybersecurity Law systematically specifies requirements on user information protection applicable to network
operator, and requires that a network operator should establish and improve its user information protection system. Network operators
shall collect, store, and use individual information with consent from such individuals by lawful and proper means on a necessary basis.
Network operators cannot collect individual user information that is not relevant to the services it provides, or distort or destroy
individual information collected by it. Network operators are prohibited from disclosing without permission or selling individual
information unless individual specifics are unidentifiable or retrievable. In addition, a network operator shall strengthen its management
of information released by its users. If it founds any information that is prohibited by laws and administrative regulations from release or
transmission, it shall immediately cease transmission of such information, and take measures such as deletion of relevant information to
prevent dissemination of the same, and shall keep relevant record, and report the event to competent authorities. Also, a network operator
is required to establish network information security complaint and reporting mechanisms, and to release the complaint and reporting
channels to promptly accept and settle complaints and reports concerning network information security.
The Cybersecurity Law also introduces the concept of “Critical Information Infrastructure (CII)”, and imposes a higher level of
cyber security protection obligations on the CII operators. For example, a CII operator is generally required to store in the PRC personal
information and important business data collected and generated during its business operations within the PRC. Failure to comply with
this requirement may lead to the confiscation of illegal gains, fines, revocation of the business permit or even the business license. In
addition, pursuant to the Cybersecurity Law, critical network equipment and dedicated network security products may not be made
available in China market until they pass the security tests or verification by accredited evaluation agencies.
The Measures for Cyber Security Review was issued on April 13, 2020 and came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the
Measures for Cyber Security Review, a critical information infrastructure operator, before purchasing network products and services,
shall prejudge the national security risks that may arise after the products and services are put into use. If such products and services will
or may affect national security, the operator shall apply for cyber security review to the cyber security review office.
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On January 23, 2019, the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission and other three authorities jointly issued the
Circular on the Special Campaign of Correcting Illegal Collection and Usage of Personal Information via Apps. Pursuant to this 2019
circular, (i) App operators are prohibited from collecting any personal information irrelevant to the services provided by such operator;
(ii) information collection and usage policy should be presented in a simple and clear way, and such policy should be consented by the
users voluntarily; (iii) authorization from users should not be obtained by coercing users with default or bundling clauses or making
consent a condition of a service. App operators violating such rules can be ordered by authorities to correct its incompliance within a
given period of time, be reported in public; or even suspend its operation for rectification or cancel its business license or operational
permits. On November 28, 2019, SAMR, the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, MIIT and the Ministry of Public
Security jointly issued the Measures for the Determination of the Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps in Violation of
Laws and Regulations, which provides guidance for the regulatory authorities to identify the illegal collection and use of personal
information through mobile apps, and for the app operators to conduct self-examination and self-correction and for other participants to
voluntarily monitor compliance.
The Provisions on the Cyber Protection of Children’s Personal Information issued by the CAC came into effect on October 1,
2019, which requires, among others, that network operators who collect, store, use, transfer and disclose personal information of children
under the age of 14 shall establish special rules and user agreements for the protection of children’s personal information, inform the
children’s guardians in a noticeable and clear manner, and shall obtain the consent of the children’s guardians.
On June 13, 2019, the CAC released the draft Measures on Security Assessment of the Cross-Border Transfer of Personal
Information, requiring any cross-border transfer of any personal information data collected by domestic network service operators during
the course of their operations shall apply for prior assessment and consent by the local competent network information security authority.
The CAC completed the solicitation of comments on such draft measures on July 13, 2019, while here are still substantial uncertainties
about what official measures will be promulgated and when will such official measures be enacted.
On May 28, 2020, the National People’s Congress adopted the PRC Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021.
Pursuant to the PRC Civil Code, the personal information of a natural person shall be protected by the laws. Any organization or
individual shall legally obtain such personal information of others when necessary and ensure the safety of such information, and shall
not illegally collect, use, process or transmit personal information of others, or illegally purchase or sell, provide or make public personal
information of others.
In addition, on November 14, 2021, the Network Data Security Draft Regulations, was proposed by the CAC for public
comments until December 13, 2021, which applies to activities relating to the use of networks to carry out data processing activities
within the territory of the PRC. The Network Data Security Draft Regulations set out general guidelines, protection of personal
information, security of important data, security management of cross-border data transfer, obligations of internet platform operators,
supervision and management, and legal liabilities. In accordance with the Network Data Security Draft Regulations, data processors shall
apply for a cybersecurity review for the following activities: (i) merger, reorganization or division of internet platform operators that have
acquired a large number of data resources related to national security, economic development or public interests to the extent that affects
or may affect national security; (ii) listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users’ personal information; (iii)
listing in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security; or (iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect
national security. Besides, data processors that are listed overseas shall carry out an annual data security assessment. As of the date of
this annual report, there is no definite timetable as to when the Network Data Security Draft Regulation will be enacted.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC, and other twelve PRC regulatory authorities jointly revised and promulgated the Measures for
Cyber Security Review, which came into effect on February 15, 2022 and replace the current Measures for Cyber Security Review
promulgated on April 13, 2020. The Measures for Cyber Security Review provides that, among others, (i) the purchase of cyber products
and services by critical information infrastructure operators and the network platform operators engaging in data processing activities
that affects or may affect national security should be subject to the cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office, the
department which is responsible for the implementation of cybersecurity review under the CAC; (ii) network platform operators with
personal information data of more than one million users are obliged to apply for a cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review
Office before listing abroad; and (iii) relevant governmental authorities in the PRC may initiate cybersecurity review if they determine an
internet platform operator’s network products or services or data processing activities affect or may affect national security.
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On July 7, 2022, the CAC adopted the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Exit, which took into effect on September
1, 2022 and stipulates that data processors who provide overseas the personal information and important data collected and generated
during operations within the PRC shall be subject to security assessment by the CAC. Specifically speaking, if the data processor
provides data overseas and meets one of the following circumstances, it shall declare the security assessment: (i) personal information
collected and generated by operators of critical information infrastructure; (ii) the data contains important data; (iii) personal information
processors who have processed personal information of one million people provide personal information abroad; (iv) accumulatively
provided personal information of more than one hundred thousand people or sensitive personal information of more than ten thousand
people abroad since January 1 of the previous year; and (v) other circumstances as specified by the CAC. The assessment results of the
data exit are valid for two years.
Regulation Relating to Privacy Protection
On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Data Security Law, which took
effect on September 1, 2021 to regulate data processing activities and ensure data security. The Data Security Law provides that the state
should establish data classified and categorized protection system to protect data in a classified and categorized manner, and a security
review system to conduct national security review of data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. Pursuant to the
Data Security Law, the data processors should comply with laws and regulations in data processing activities, establish and improve a
whole-process data security management system, organize data security education and training, and take corresponding technical and
other necessary measures to ensure data security. The Data Security Law also stipulates that the relevant authorities will formulate the
catalogues for important data and strengthen the protection of important data, and state core data, i.e. data having a bearing on national
security, the lifelines of national economy, people’s key livelihood and major public interests, should be subject to stricter management
system.
On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Personal Information
Protection Law, which took effect on November 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Personal Information Protection Law, the processing of personal
data should have clear and reasonable purposes, be directly related to the purposes of processing, and be carried out in a way that has
minimal impact on personal rights and interests; the collection of personal data should be limited to the smallest scope necessary for
achieving the purpose of processing, and personal data should not be collected excessively; the processing of personal data should follow
the principles of openness and transparency, make public the rules on personal data processing and publicly disclose the purpose,
methods and scope of processing. The Personal Information Protection Law further provides that, personal data processors should be
responsible for their personal data processing activities, and should take necessary measures to ensure the security of the personal data
processed thereby. Anyone processing personal information in violation of or failing to perform any obligation of personal information
protection specified in Personal Information Protection Law in the processing of personal information will be ordered to make a
correction, given a warning, and confiscated of any illegal gain by the authorities performing personal information protection duties, and
any application program that illegally processes personal information will be ordered to suspend or terminate its services; and if the
required correction is not made, a fine of up to RMB1 million (US$144,986) will be imposed on the violator; and any person in charge or
any other individual directly liable for the violation will be fined between RMB10,000 (US$1,449.9) and RMB100,000 (US$14,498.6).
Regulation Relating to Online Transaction
On March 15, 2021, the SAMR issued the Administration Measures for the Supervision of Online Transactions, which took
effect on May 1, 2021, providing specific rules for the online transaction operators, such as clarifying the specific acts infringing
consumers’ personal information in online transactions, elaborating the prohibited contents that may not be contained in the standard
terms, notifications and statements used by the online transaction operators, and measures to supervise sales of goods or provision of
services through social network and live streaming. Our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE, which are online business operators and service
providers, are subject to the Administration Measures for the Supervision of Online Transactions.
In August 2018, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee promulgated the E-Commerce Law, which took effect in
January 2019. The E-Commerce Law proposes a series of requirements on e-commerce operators, including third-party e-commerce
platform operators, registered product or service providers of platforms, and product or services providers operating through a self-built
website or any other network. For example, the E-Commerce Law requires e-commerce operators to respect and equally protect
consumers’ legitimate rights and provide options to consumers without targeting their personal characteristics, and also requires e-
commerce operators to clearly point out to consumers their tie-in sales in which additional services or products are added by merchants
to a purchase, and not to assume consumers’ consent to such tie-in sales by default. The E-Commerce Law also organized rules on e-
commerce contact execution and performance between e-commerce product/service providers and customers.
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Regulation Relating to Mobile Applications
On June 14, 2022, the CAC promulgated the Regulations for the Administration of Mobile Internet Application Information
Services, which came into effect on August 1, 2022. Pursuant to the Administration of Mobile Internet Application Information Services,
the mobile internet applications providers shall acquire relevant qualifications required by laws and regulations and implement the
information security management responsibilities strictly and fulfill their obligations, including real-name system, protection of users’
information, examination and management of information content, etc., and shall comply with relevant provisions on the scope of
necessary personal information when engaging in personal information processing activities. In addition, such providers shall not compel
the user to agree to the processing of personal information for any reason and refuse the user to use its basic functions and services as the
user does not agree to provide non-essential personal information.
Regulations Relating to Leasing
Pursuant to the Law on Administration of Urban Real Estate, when leasing premises, the lessor and lessee are required to enter
into a written lease contract, containing such provisions as the leasing term, use of the premises, rental and repair liabilities, and other
rights and obligations of both parties. Both lessor and lessee are also required to register the lease with the real estate administration
department. If the lessor and lessee fail to go through the registration procedures, both lessor and lessee may be subject to fines.
According to the PRC Civil Code, the lessee may sublease the leased premises to a third party, subject to the consent of the
lessor. Where the lessee subleases the premises, the lease contract between the lessee and the lessor remains valid. The lessor is entitled
to terminate the lease contract if the lessee subleases the premises without the consent of the lessor. In addition, if the lessor transfers the
premises, the lease contract between the lessee and the lessor will still remain valid. If a mortgagor leases the mortgaged property before
the mortgage contract is executed, the previously established leasehold interest will not be affected by the subsequent mortgage; and
where a mortgagor leases the mortgaged property after the creation and registration of the mortgage interest, the leasehold interest will be
subordinated to the registered mortgage.
Regulation Relating to Intellectual Property Rights
Patent. Patents in the PRC are principally protected under the Patent Law. The duration of a patent right is either 10 years or 20
years from the date of application, depending on the type of patent right.
Copyright. Copyright in the PRC, including copyrighted software, is principally protected under the Copyright Law and related
rules and regulations. Under the Copyright Law, the term of protection for copyrighted software is 50 years. In addition, the Regulations
on the Protection of Rights to Information Network Communication promulgated by the State Council on May 18, 2006 (as amended in
2013), provides specific rules on fair use, statutory license, and a safe harbor for use of copyrights and copyright management technology
and specifies the liabilities of various entities for violations, including copyright holders, libraries and internet service providers.
Trademark. Registered trademarks are protected under the Trademark Law and related rules and regulations. Trademarks are
registered with the Trademark Office of National Intellectual Property Administration under SAMR. Where registration is sought for a
trademark that is identical or similar to another trademark which has already been registered or given preliminary examination and
approval for use in the same or similar category of commodities or services, the application for registration of such trademark may be
rejected. Trademark registrations are effective for a renewable ten-year period, unless otherwise revoked.
Domain Names. Domain names are protected under the Administrative Measures on the Internet Domain Names promulgated
by MIIT. MIIT is the major regulatory body responsible for the administration of the PRC internet domain names, under supervision of
which the China Internet Network Information Center is responsible for the daily administration of.cn domain names and Chinese
domain names. In November 2017, MIIT promulgated the Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Regulating
the Use of Domain Names in Providing Internet-based Information Services, which became effective on January 1, 2018. Pursuant to the
notice, the domain name used by an internet-based information service provider in providing internet-based information services must be
registered and owned by such provider in accordance with the law.
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Regulations on Tax
Enterprise Income Tax
The PRC enterprise income tax, or EIT, is calculated based on the taxable income determined under the applicable EIT Law and
its implementation rules, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and was amended on February 24, 2017 and December 29, 2018,
respectively. The EIT Law imposes a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% on all resident enterprises in China, including FIEs. The
EIT Law and its implementation rules permit “high and new technology enterprises”, to benefit from a preferential enterprise income tax
rate of 15% subject to these high and new technology enterprises meeting certain qualification criteria.
Value-Added Tax
Pursuant to the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax and its implementation regulations, unless otherwise
specified by relevant laws and regulations, any entity or individual engaged in the sales of goods, provision of processing, repairs and
replacement services and importation of goods into China is generally required to pay a value-added tax, or VAT, for revenues generated
from sales of products, while qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchase can be offset against such output VAT.
On March 23, 2016, the MOF and the SAT jointly issued the Circular on the Pilot Program for Overall Implementation of the
Collection of Value Added Tax Instead of Business Tax, or Circular 36, which took effect on May 1, 2016. Pursuant to the Circular 36,
all of the companies operating in construction, real estate, finance, modern service or other sectors which were required to pay business
tax are required to pay VAT, in lieu of business tax. The default applicable VAT rate is 6%, except: (i) for real estate sale, land use right
transferring and providing service of transportation, postal sector, basic telecommunications, construction, real estate lease, the
applicable VAT rate is 11%; (ii) for providing lease service of tangible property, the applicable VAT rate is 17%; and (iii) for specific
cross-bond activities, the applicable VAT rate is zero.
In April 2018, the Ministry of Finance, or MOF, and the SAT jointly promulgated the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and
the State Administration of Taxation on Adjustment of Value-Added Tax Rates, or the Circular 32, according to which (i) for VAT
taxable sales acts or importation of goods originally subject to value-added tax rates of 17% and 11%, respectively, such tax rates shall be
adjusted to 16% and 10%, respectively; (ii) for purchase of agricultural products originally subject to deduction rate of 11%, such
deduction rate shall be adjusted to 10%; (iii) for purchase of agricultural products for the purpose of production and sales or consigned
processing of goods subject to tax rate of 16%, such tax shall be calculated at the deduction rate of 12%; (iv) for exported goods
originally subject to tax rate of 17% and export tax refund rate of 17%, the export tax refund rate shall be adjusted to 16%; and (v) for
exported goods and cross-border taxable acts originally subject to tax rate of 11% and export tax refund rate of 11%, the export tax
refund rate shall be adjusted to 10%. Circular 32 became effective on May 1, 2018 and shall supersede any previously existing provisions
in the case of any inconsistency.
In March 2019, the MOF, the SAT and the General Administration of Customs jointly promulgated the Announcement on the
Policies for Furtherance of the Reform of Value-Added Tax, or the Announcement 39, according to which: (i) for VAT taxable sales acts
or importation of goods originally subject to value-added tax rates of 16% and 10%, respectively, such tax rates shall be adjusted to 13%
and 9%, respectively; (ii) for purchase of agricultural products originally subject to deduction rate of 10%, such deduction rate shall be
adjusted to 9%; (iii) for purchase of agricultural products for the purpose of production and sales or consigned processing of goods
subject to tax rate of 13%, such tax shall be calculated at the deduction rate of 10%; (iv) for exported goods and labor originally subject
to tax rate of 16% and export tax refund rate of 16%, the export tax refund rate shall be adjusted to 13%; and (v) for exported goods and
cross-border taxable acts originally subject to tax rate of 10% and export tax refund rate of 10%, the export tax refund rate shall be
adjusted to 9%. Announcement 39 became effective on April 1, 2019 and superseded then existing provisions which were inconsistent
with Announcement 39. Therefore, from May 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019, the VAT tax rates of our PRC subsidiaries changed from 17%
to 16% on product sales. After April 1, 2019, the VAT tax rates of our PRC subsidiaries changed from 16% to 13% on product sales. VAT
tax rate of our service revenue remains to be the same as that before May 1, 2018, which is 6%. We are also subject to surcharges on VAT
payments in accordance with PRC law.
Regulation Relating to Dividend Withholding Tax
The EIT Law and its implementation rules provide that since January 1, 2008, an enterprise income tax rate of 10% will
normally be applicable to dividends declared to non-PRC resident investors which do not have an establishment or place of business in
the PRC, or which have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the
establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC.
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Pursuant to the Arrangement Between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the
Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Incomes, or the Double Tax Avoidance
Arrangement and other applicable PRC laws, if a Hong Kong resident enterprise is determined by the competent PRC tax authority to
have satisfied the relevant conditions and requirements under such Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement and other applicable laws, the
10% withholding tax on the dividends the Hong Kong resident enterprise receives from a PRC resident enterprise may be reduced to 5%.
However, based on the Circular on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties, or the SAT
Circular 81, issued on February 20, 2009 by the SAT, if the relevant PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretion, that a company
benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may
adjust the preferential tax treatment. Furthermore, the Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Taxpayer to Enjoy Treatments under
Tax Treaties, or SAT Circular 60, which became effective in November 2015, require that non-resident enterprises which satisfy the
criteria for entitlement to tax treaty benefits may, at the time of tax declaration or withholding declaration through a withholding agent,
enjoy the tax treaty benefits, and be subject to ongoing administration by the tax authorities. In the case where the non-resident
enterprises do not apply to the withholding agent to claim the tax treaty benefits, or the materials and the information stated in the
relevant reports and statements provided to the withholding agent do not satisfy the criteria for entitlement to tax treaty benefits, the
withholding agent should withhold tax pursuant to the provisions of the PRC tax laws. The SAT issued the Announcement of State
Taxation Administration on Promulgation of the Administrative Measures on Non-resident Taxpayers Enjoying Treaty Benefits, the SAT
Circular 35, on October 14, 2019, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The SAT Circular 35 further simplified the procedures for
enjoying treaty benefits and replaced the SAT Circular 60. According to the SAT Circular 35, no approvals from the tax authorities are
required for a non-resident taxpayer to enjoy treaty benefits, where a non-resident taxpayer self-assesses and concludes that it satisfies
the criteria for claiming treaty benefits, it may enjoy treaty benefits at the time of tax declaration or at the time of withholding through
the withholding agent, but it shall gather and retain the relevant materials as required for future inspection, and accept follow-up
administration by the tax authorities. There are also other conditions for enjoying the reduced withholding tax rate according to other
relevant tax rules and regulations. According to the Circular on Several Issues regarding the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties, or
Circular 9, which was issued on February 3, 2018 by the SAT, effective as of April 1, 2018, when determining the applicant’s status of
the “beneficial owner” regarding tax treatments in connection with dividends, interests or royalties in the tax treaties, several factors,
including without limitation, whether the applicant is obligated to pay more than 50% of its income in twelve months to residents in third
country or region, whether the business operated by the applicant constitutes the actual business activities, and whether the counterparty
country or region to the tax treaties does not levy any tax or grant tax exemption on relevant incomes or levy tax at an extremely low
rate, will be taken into account, and it will be analyzed according to the actual circumstances of the specific cases. This circular further
provides that applicants who intend to prove his or her status of the “beneficial owner” shall submit the relevant documents to the
relevant tax bureau according to the Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Enterprises to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties.
Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange and Dividend Distribution Foreign Exchange Regulation
The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations.
Under the PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-
related foreign exchange transactions, may be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain
procedural requirements. By contrast, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities or banks is required where
RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of foreign
currency denominated loans or foreign currency is to be remitted into China under the capital account, such as a capital increase or
foreign currency loans to our PRC subsidiaries.
In August 2008, SAFE issued the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration
of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 142, regulating the
conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may
be used.
In addition, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Issues Concerning Further Clarifying and Regulating the Foreign Exchange
Administration under Some Capital Accounts on November 9, 2011 in order to clarify the application of SAFE Circular 142. Under these
regulations, the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for
purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and may not be used for equity investments within
the PRC. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered
capital of foreign-invested enterprises. The use of such RMB capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and such RMB
capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used.
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Since SAFE Circular 142 has been in place for more than five years, SAFE decided to further reform the foreign exchange
administration system in order to satisfy and facilitate the business and capital operations of FIEs, and issued the Circular on the
Relevant Issues Concerning the Launch of Reforming Trial of the Administration Model of the Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital
of Foreign-Invested Enterprises in Certain Areas, or SAFE Circular 36, on August 4, 2014. This circular suspends the application of
SAFE Circular 142 in certain areas and allows a foreign-invested enterprise registered in such areas with a business scope covering
“investment” to use the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital for equity investments within the PRC. On April
9, 2015, SAFE released the Notice on the Reform of the Management Method for the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of
Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which came into force and superseded SAFE Circular 142 and SAFE Circular 36
from June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular 19 has made certain adjustments to some regulatory requirements on the settlement of foreign
exchange capital of foreign-invested enterprises, and some foreign exchange restrictions under SAFE Circular 142 are lifted. Under
SAFE Circular 19, the settlement of foreign exchange by FIEs shall be governed by the policy of foreign exchange settlement at will. In
June 2016, SAFE promulgated the Notice on Reforming and Standardizing the Administrative Provisions on Capital Account Foreign
Exchange Settlement, or SAFE Circular 16, which removed certain restrictions previously provided under several SAFE circulars in
respect of conversion by an FIE of foreign currency registered capital into RMB and use of such RMB capital. However, SAFE Circular
19 and SAFE Circular 16 also reiterate that the settlement of foreign exchange shall only be used for purposes within the business scope
of the FIEs. In October 2019, SAFE issued the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Promoting the
Facilitation of Cross-border Trade and Investment, or SAFE Circular 28, pursuant to which foreign- invested enterprises whose approved
business scope does not include equity investments are allowed to use their capital funds obtained from foreign exchange settlement to
make domestic equity investments in China, provided that such investments do not violate the Negative List and the target investment
projects are genuine and in compliance with laws.
In November 2012, SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration
Policies on Foreign Direct Investment, or SAFE Circular 59, which was further amended in May 2015. Pursuant to this circular, the
opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts, such as pre-establishment expenses accounts, foreign exchange capital
accounts and guarantee accounts, the reinvestment of RMB proceeds by foreign investors in the PRC, and remittance of foreign
exchange profits and dividends by a foreign-invested enterprise to its foreign shareholders no longer require the approval or verification
of SAFE, and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces, which was not possible previously. In
addition, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over
Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents in May 2013, which was further revised in 2015, 2018
and 2019, which specify that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC
shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in the PRC
based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches.
SAFE Circular 37
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore
Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which
replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFE Circular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37
requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an
offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in
domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37
further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as
increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In
the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC
subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying
out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute
additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Furthermore, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described
above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. On February 13, 2015, SAFE released SAFE
Circular 13, which became effective from June 1, 2015. According to this notice, local banks shall examine and handle foreign exchange
registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE
Circular 37. Beneficial owners of the special purpose vehicle who are PRC citizens are also required to make annual filing with the local
banks regarding their overseas direct investment status.
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Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Junhua Wu have completed initial filings with the local counterpart of SAFE relating to their
investments in us. However, we may not be aware of the identities of all our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. In addition, we do
not have control over our beneficial owners and cannot assure you that all of our PRC resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE
Circular 37 and its implementation rules, including relevant annual filing requirement. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC
residents to register or amend their SAFE registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 or the failure of future
beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 may
subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. Failure to register or comply with relevant
requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries or receive dividends or other distributions
from our PRC subsidiaries or other proceeds from disposal of our PRC subsidiaries, or we may be penalized by SAFE.
Share Option Rules
Under the Administration Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange Control issued by the PBOC on December 25, 2006, all
foreign exchange matters involved in employee share ownership plans and share option plans in which PRC citizens participate require
approval from SAFE or its authorized branch. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in
overseas non-publicly-listed companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with
respect to offshore special purpose companies. In addition, SAFE issued the Circular of SAFE on Issues Concerning the Administration
of Foreign Exchange Used for Domestic Individuals’ Participation in Equity Incentive Plans of Overseas Listed Companies, or SAFE
Circular 7 in 2012. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 7, employees, directors, supervisors, and other senior officers who participate in any
equity incentive plan of publicly-listed overseas companies and who are PRC citizens or non-PRC citizens residing in China for a
consecutive period of no less than one year, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE or its local branches through
a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed companies, and complete other procedures with
respect to the equity incentive plan. In addition, the PRC agent is required to amend SAFE registration with respect to the equity
incentive plan if there is any material change to the equity incentive plan, the PRC agent or other material changes. The PRC agent must,
on behalf of these individuals who have the right to exercise the employee share options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an
annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connection with these individuals’ exercise of the employee share options. Such
individuals’ foreign exchange income received from the sale of stocks and dividends distributed by the overseas listed company and any
other income shall be fully remitted into a collective foreign currency account in China opened and managed by the PRC subsidiaries of
the overseas listed company or the PRC agent before distribution to such individuals. Shanghai Baozun Wujiang Branch has completed
SAFE registration under SAFE Circular 7 on behalf of the participants to our share incentive plans.
Regulations Relating to M&A Rules and Overseas Listing
On August 8, 2006, six PRC governmental and regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM and the CSRC, promulgated the
Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, governing the mergers and
acquisitions of domestic enterprises by foreign investors that became effective on September 8, 2006 and was revised on June 22, 2009.
The M&A Rules, among other things, require that if an overseas company established or controlled by PRC companies or individuals, or
the PRC Citizens, intends to acquire equity interests or assets of any other PRC domestic company affiliated with the PRC Citizens, such
acquisition must be submitted to the MOFCOM for approval. The M&A Rules also require that an offshore special vehicle, or a special
purpose vehicle formed for overseas listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by the PRC companies or individuals, shall
obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to overseas listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock
exchange.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, which took effect on March 31, 2023. According
to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, the issuer or a major domestic operating company designated by the issuer, as the case may be, shall
file with the CSRC, among others, (i) with respect to its follow-on offering in the same foreign market within three business days after
completion of the follow-on offering, and (ii) with respect to its follow-on offering and listing in other foreign markets within three
business days, after its initial filing of the listing application to the regulator in the place of such intended listing. Non-compliance with
the Overseas Listing Filing Rules or an overseas listing completed in breach of the Overseas Listing Filing Rules may result in a warning
on the relevant domestic companies and a fine of RMB1 million (US$144,986.4) to RMB10 million (US$1.4 million) on them.
Furthermore, the supervisors directly responsible and other directly responsible persons of the domestic enterprises may be warned, and
fined between RMB500,000 (US$72,493.2) to RMB5,000,000 (US$724,931.9). The controlling shareholders or actual controllers of the
domestic company organize or instigate the relevant illegal acts, or conceals relevant matters resulting in the illegal acts, may be fined
between RMB1 million (US$144,986.4) to RMB10 million (US$1.4 million).
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On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the Notice on Administrative Arrangements for the Filing of Domestic Enterprise’s
Overseas Offering and Listing, which stipulates the domestic enterprises have completed overseas listings are not required to file with
CSRC in accordance with the Overseas Listing Filing Rules immediately, but shall carry out filing procedures as required if they conduct
refinancing or fall within other circumstances that require filing with the CSRC.
On February 24, 2023, the CSRC and several other administrations jointly released the Provisions on Strengthening
Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Archives
Rules”), which became effective on March 31, 2023. The Archives Rules apply to both overseas direct offerings and overseas indirect
offerings. The Archives Rules provides that, among other things, (i) in relation to the overseas listing activities of domestic enterprises,
the domestic enterprises are required to strictly comply with the relevant requirements on confidentiality and archives management,
establish a sound confidentiality and archives system, and take necessary measures to implement their confidentiality and archives
management responsibilities; (ii) during the course of an overseas offering and listing, if a domestic enterprise needs to publicly disclose
or provide to securities companies, accounting firms or other securities service providers and overseas regulators, any materials that
contain relevant state secrets or that have a sensitive impact (i.e. be detrimental to national security or the public interest if divulged), the
domestic enterprise should complete the relevant approval/filing and other regulatory procedures; and (iii) working papers produced in
the PRC by securities companies and securities service institutions, which provide domestic enterprises with securities services during
their overseas issuance and listing, should be stored in the PRC, and the transmission of all such working papers to recipients outside of
the PRC is required to be approved by competent authorities of the PRC.
Regulations Relating to Employment
The Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules provide requirements concerning employment contracts between an
employer and its employees. Pursuant to the Labor Contract Law, a written labor contract is required when an employment relationship is
established between an employer and an employee. An employer is obligated to sign a labor contract with an employee with an indefinite
term if the employer continues to employ the employee after two consecutive fixed-term labor contracts. The Labor Contract Law and its
implementation rules also require compensation to be paid upon certain terminations. Other labor-related regulations and rules of the
PRC stipulate the maximum number of working hours per day and per week as well as the minimum wages. An employer is required to
set up occupational safety and sanitation systems, implement the national occupational safety and sanitation rules and standards, educate
employees on occupational safety and sanitation, prevent accidents at work and reduce occupational hazards.
On December 28, 2012, the Labor Contract Law was amended to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch which
became effective on July 1, 2013. Pursuant to the amended PRC Labor Contract Law, the dispatched contract workers shall be entitled to
equal pay for equal work as a fulltime employee of an employer, and they shall only be engaged to perform temporary, ancillary or
substitute works, and an employer shall strictly control the number of dispatched contract workers so that they do not exceed certain
percentage of total number of employees. According to the Labor Dispatch Provisions, promulgated by the Ministry of Human
Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, (i) the number of dispatched contract
workers hired by an employer should not exceed 10% of the total number of its total employees (including both directly hired employees
and dispatched contract workers); and (ii) in the case that the number of dispatched contract workers exceeds 10% of the total number of
its employees at the time when the Labor Dispatch Provisions became effective (i.e., March 1, 2014), the employer shall formulate a plan
to reduce the number of its dispatched contract workers to below the statutory cap prior to March 1, 2016.
Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social
insurance funds, namely a pension plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan
and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund, and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain
percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by the local government from time to time at
locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. According to the Social Insurance Law, an employer that fails to
make social insurance contributions may be ordered to pay the required contributions within a stipulated deadline and be subject to a late
fee. If the employer still fails to rectify the failure to make social insurance contributions within the stipulated deadline, it may be subject
to a fine ranging from one to three times the amount overdue. According to the Regulations on Management of Housing Fund, an
enterprise that fails to make housing fund contributions may be ordered to rectify the noncompliance and pay the required contributions
within a stipulated deadline; otherwise, an application may be made to a local court for compulsory enforcement.
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Seasonality
Our results of operations are subject to seasonal fluctuations. For example, our revenues are relatively lower during the holidays
in China, particularly during the Chinese New Year period, which occurs in the first quarter of the year, when consumers tend to do less
shopping, both online and offline. Furthermore, sales in the retail industry are typically significantly higher in the fourth quarter of
the year than in the preceding three quarters, particularly in November when Singles Day campaign occurs and consumers tend to do
more shopping.
C. Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure and the place of incorporation of each of our significant subsidiaries
and VIE as of the date of this annual report.
(1) Shanghai Zunyi is our VIE in China and is 80% owned by Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, our founder, chairman and chief executive
officer, and 20% owned by Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang, our co-founder. Its business includes providing brand e-commerce service to
our brand partners.
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We have entered into contractual arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders, through which we exercise effective
control over operations of Shanghai Zunyi and receive substantially all economic benefits generated from it. As a result of these
contractual arrangements, under U.S. GAAP, we are considered the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Zunyi and thus consolidate its
results in our consolidated financial statements. However, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing us with
control over our VIE as direct ownership of its equity interests. In addition, our VIE or its shareholders may breach the contractual
arrangements with us. In such cases, we would have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, which may not always be effective,
particularly in light of uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our
Corporate Structure — We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for a portion of our business operations,
which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.”
Contractual Arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and Its Shareholders
Our relationships with Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders are governed by a series of contractual arrangements. The following
is a summary of the currently effective contractual arrangements by and among our wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Baozun, our
VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, and the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi.
Exclusive Call Option Agreement. On April 1, 2014, Shanghai Zunyi, each of its shareholders and Shanghai Baozun entered into
an exclusive call option agreement. Each of Shanghai Zunyi’s shareholders have granted Shanghai Baozun an exclusive call option to
purchase their equity interests in Shanghai Zunyi at an exercise price equal to the higher of (i) the registered capital of Shanghai Zunyi;
and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Shanghai Zunyi has further granted Shanghai Baozun an exclusive call
option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted by applicable
PRC law, whichever is higher. Shanghai Baozun may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interests or assets, if
applicable, under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations
do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equity interests or assets pursuant to the call option. Shanghai Baozun is entitled to all
dividends and other distributions declared by Shanghai Zunyi, and each of the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi has agreed to give up their
rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in Shanghai Zunyi and to pay any such
distributions or premium to Shanghai Baozun with deduction of applicable taxes. The exclusive call option agreement remains in effect
until the equity interest and assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to Shanghai Baozun or its designated entities or
individuals. To the extent permitted by law, Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders are not contractually entitled to terminate the exclusive
call option agreement with Shanghai Baozun.
Proxy Agreement. On July 25, 2019, Shanghai Zunyi, each of its shareholders and Shanghai Baozun entered into an amended
and restated voting right proxy agreement, or the Proxy Agreement, which supersedes the voting right proxy agreement previously
entered into on July 28, 2014. Each shareholder of Shanghai Zunyi granted an irrevocable power of attorney to Shanghai Baozun that
authorizes any person designated by Shanghai Baozun to exercise his rights as an equity holder of Shanghai Zunyi, including the right to
attend and vote at equity holders’ meetings and appoint directors. The proxy agreement has an initial term of 20 years and will be
automatically renewed on a yearly basis thereafter unless otherwise notified by Shanghai Baozun. If (i) the operating term of Shanghai
Baozun or Shanghai Zunyi expires; or (ii) the parties thereto mutually agree on an early termination, the proxy agreement may be
terminated. To the extent permitted by law, Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders are not contractually entitled to terminate the proxy
agreement with Shanghai Baozun.
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement. On August 27, 2019, Shanghai Zunyi and each of its shareholders entered into an amended
and restated equity interest pledge agreement with Shanghai Baozun, which supersedes the equity interest pledge agreements previously
entered into on July 28, 2014. The shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi pledged all of their equity interests in Shanghai Zunyi to Shanghai
Baozun to secure their and Shanghai Zunyi’s obligations under certain of the aforementioned agreements and other agreed obligations
and as collateral for all of the amounts payable by Shanghai Zunyi to Shanghai Baozun under those agreements. If any event of default as
defined under this agreement occurs, Shanghai Baozun, as the pledgee, will be entitled to dispose of the pledged equity interests. In
addition, any increase in the registered capital of Shanghai Zunyi will be further pledged in favor of Shanghai Baozun. The equity
interest pledge agreements will remain in full effect until all the secured contractual obligations have been performed or all the secured
debts have been discharged.
Under PRC laws, the equity pledge is required to be registered with the SAMR, or its competent branches for perfection. The
equity pledge of Shanghai Zunyi has already been registered with the relevant branch of the SAMR.
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Exclusive Technology Service Agreement. On April 1, 2014, Shanghai Zunyi and Shanghai Baozun entered into an exclusive
technology service agreement. Pursuant to the exclusive technology service agreement, Shanghai Baozun has the exclusive right to
provide specified technology services to Shanghai Zunyi. Without the prior written consent of Shanghai Baozun, Shanghai Zunyi may
not accept the same or similar technology services provided by any third party during the term of the agreement. Shanghai Zunyi agrees
to pay to Shanghai Baozun a service fee of 95% of the net revenues of Shanghai Zunyi and extra service fees for additional services
provided by Shanghai Baozun as requested by Shanghai Zunyi within three months after each calendar year for the services provided in
the preceding year. The agreement has an initial term of 20 years and will be automatically renewed on a yearly basis thereafter unless
otherwise notified by Shanghai Baozun, and shall be terminated when the operating term of Shanghai Baozun or Shanghai Zunyi expires.
To the extent permitted by law, Shanghai Zunyi is not contractually entitled to terminate the exclusive technology service agreement with
Shanghai Baozun.
According to the contractual arrangement entered into by Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang, each of Mr.
Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang confirms that he has made proper arrangements and executed all necessary
documents to ensure that, in case of his death, disability, bankruptcy, divorce or other circumstances which may affect his exercise of
equity interest, such shareholder’s successor, custodian, creditor, spouse or the like who may obtain the Shanghai Zunyi’s equity interest
or relevant rights will not influence to hinder the performance of these contractual arrangements.
As a result of these contractual arrangements, we have the power to direct the activities of Shanghai Zunyi, and through the
service fee paid to us under the exclusive technology service agreement, we can receive substantially all of the economic benefits of
Shanghai Zunyi even though we do not receive all of the revenues generated by Shanghai Zunyi. We include the financial results of our
VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP as if they were our wholly-owned
subsidiaries. Our VIE contributed an aggregate of 9.8%, 8.6% and 6.8% of our net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020,
2021 and 2022, respectively.
In the opinion of Han Kun Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, (i) the ownership structures of Shanghai Baozun and Shanghai
Zunyi do not and will not violate any mandatory requirements of applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect; (ii) except as
disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, the contractual arrangements between Shanghai Baozun, Shanghai Zunyi and its shareholders
governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and do not and will not result in any violation of mandatory requirements of
applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and (iii) the contractual arrangements entered into by the variable interest entity,
the corresponding subsidiaries and the respective VIE equity holders governed by PRC laws and regulations do not and will not violate
any provisions of the articles of association of the variable interest entity or the corresponding subsidiaries.
Based on the above, our directors believe that the agreements underlying the contractual arrangements as described above that
confer significant control and economic benefits from our VIE to us are enforceable under the relevant laws.
As of the date of this annual report, we had not encountered any interference or encumbrance from any PRC governing bodies
in operating our business through our VIE under the contractual arrangements.
Under relevant PRC laws and regulations, none of our company and Shanghai Baozun is expressly legally required to share the
losses of, or provide financial support to, our VIE. Further, our VIE is a limited liability company and shall be solely liable for its own
debts and losses with assets and properties owned by it. Shanghai Baozun intends to continuously provide to or assist our VIE in
obtaining financial support when deemed necessary. Given that we include the financial results of our VIE and its subsidiaries in our
consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP as if they were our wholly-owned subsidiaries, any losses suffered by
our VIE would be reflected in our consolidated financial statements. There are certain risks involved in our corporate structure and the
contractual arrangements. A detailed discussion of material risks relating to our Contractual Arrangements is set forth in the section
headed “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.” We have determined that the costs of
insurance for the risks associated with our corporate structure and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on
commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Accordingly, as of the date of this annual report, we
did not purchase any insurance to cover the risks relating to the contractual arrangements.
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SAFE promulgated SAFE Circular 37 on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFE Circular
75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in
connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing,
with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in
SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any
significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals,
share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event.
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu and Mr. Junhua Wu have completed initial filings with the local counterpart of SAFE relating to their
initial investments in us.
However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and
application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules; accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is
contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest
entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or our VIE are found to be in violation of any existing or
future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory
authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. See “Item 3. Key Information — D.
Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation
to Shanghai Zunyi do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations
or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our
interests in those operations.” and “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Any
failure by our VIE or its respective or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would
have a material and adverse effect on our business.”
We have determined that the costs of insurance for the risks associated with our corporate structure and the difficulties
associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance.
Accordingly, as of the Latest Practicable Date, we did not purchase any insurance to cover the risks relating to the contractual
arrangements.
D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Properties and Facilities
We are headquartered in Shanghai and leased an aggregate of approximately 70,000 square meters of offices and operation
centers as of December 31, 2022. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we leased 39 warehouses with an aggregate gross floor area of
over 913,000 square meters in Shanghai, Beijing, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Langfang, Chengdu, Wuxi and Jiaxing. Our premises
are leased under operating lease agreements from unrelated third parties.
In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we owned the land use right for an area of approximately 133,500 square meters, located
in Suzhou, China, along with title to buildings with a gross floor area of approximately 118,000 square meters located on that land that
we use as a warehouse.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon and should be read in
conjunction with our audited consolidated combined financial statements and unaudited consolidated combined financial information
included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our
actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a
result of various factors, including those set forth under “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report.
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A. Operating Results
Overview
We are the leader and a pioneer in the brand e-commerce service industry and a digital commerce enabler in China. We
empower a broad and diverse range of brands to grow and succeed by leveraging our end-to-end e-commerce service capabilities, omni-
channel coverage and technology-driven solutions.
Through our integrated brand e-commerce capabilities, we provide end-to-end brand e-commerce solutions that are tailored to
meet our brand partners’ unique needs. We leverage our brand partners’ resources and seamlessly integrate with their back-end systems
to enable data analytics for the entire transaction value chain, making our services a valuable part of our brand partners’ e-commerce
functions. We are currently a Tmall “six-star” e-commerce service partner, and have been recognized as the highest ranking Tmall e-
commerce service partner since Tmall introduced the grading system, based on a suite of performance measures, including operational
capabilities, brand development capabilities and service ratings. In addition, we had another 13 certificates awarded by Alibaba platform.
In 2022, we were also awarded as “excellent online service provider” and “independent service provider” of Tencent Cloud Mall
Excellent Partner in Tencent Intelligence Retail Qianyu Program, and a 2022 Brand Service Provider by Douyin Platform.
Based on the different needs of our brand partners, we operate under three business models: distribution model, service fee
model and consignment model. We derive product sales revenues primarily through selling the products that we purchase from our brand
partners and/or their authorized distributors to consumers under the distribution model, and derive services revenues primarily through
charging brand partners and other customers fees under the service fee model and consignment model.
Our GMV was RMB55,687.4 million, RMB71,053.9 million and RMB84,274.1 million (US$12,218.6 million) in 2020, 2021
and 2022, respectively. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, our total net revenues were RMB8,851.6 million, RMB9,396.3 million and RMB8,400.6
million (US$1,218.0 million), respectively. For the same periods, net revenues from product sales accounted for 44.1%, 41.2% and
31.5%, respectively, of our total net revenues. We recorded net income of RMB426.5 million in 2020 and net loss RMB206.0 million in
2021, respectively, and net loss of RMB610.4 million (US$88.5 million) in 2022. We had non-GAAP net income ofRMB536.1 million,
RMB217.4 million and RMB182.6 million (US$26.5 million) in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. See “Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects - A. Operating Results - Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by the general factors driving the retail industry and online retail,
including:
● Levels of per capita disposable income and consumer spending in China and our target markets. Consumer spending
power has been rising in China and in our other target markets in Asia, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. The growth of
the e-commerce market in these markets depends on continued increase in consumption.
● Development and popularity of e-commerce in China and in our target markets. Driven by the growth of the internet,
broadband, personal computer and mobile penetration and the development of fulfillment, payment and other ancillary
services associated with online purchases, e-commerce is expected to rapidly rise in significance in China and in our other
target markets in Asia. The growing number of online shoppers has made online marketplaces and other e-commerce
channels popular retail platforms for brands. The growth of our business depends on the development and popularity of e-
commerce, and the value of e-commerce as part of the expansion strategies of brands.
While our business is influenced by general factors affecting our industry, our operating results are more directly affected by
company specific factors, including the following major factors:
● Our ability to retain and attract brand partners. The number of our brand partners directly affects our total revenues. We
would need to continue to maintain and expand our brand partner base to maintain and grow our revenues.
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● Our ability to increase GMV and revenues and manage pricing. Increases in GMV and revenues depend on our ability to
attract higher traffic to the online stores, convert more store visitors into consumers, increase consumers’ order values,
grow repeat customer base, provide superior experience to consumers and expand product offerings. Increases in GMV and
revenues also depend on our ability to manage product pricing and maintain the level of services fees charged to our brand
partners and other customer.
● Our ability to enhance cooperation with marketplaces and other channels. We generate a substantial portion of our
revenues through product sales on official marketplace stores that we operate on Tmall. Our future growth depends on our
ability to enhance cooperation with Tmall and expand working relationships with other major online marketplaces, such as
JD.com and Pinduoduo, and social media channels, such as WeChat Mini Programs and RED (Xiaohongshu), as well as
emerging live streaming and short video platforms, such as Douyin and Kuaishou.
● Our ability to innovate and effectively invest in our technology platform and fulfillment infrastructure. Our ability to
innovate and continue to strategize new value-added brand e-commerce service through improved technologies, especially
data analytics and marketing know-how, is key to better serving our brand partners and helping them enhance their e-
commerce success. This will in turn contribute to our ability to retain and attract brand partners, sell more solutions and
generate more revenues. Our ability to invest in our technology platform and fulfillment infrastructure cost-effectively also
affects our results of operations.
● Our ability to manage our business model mix and product mix. We generally operate e-commerce businesses for our brand
partners based on one of our three business models: distribution model, consignment model and service fee model, or, in
some circumstances, a combination of these business models. We derive product sales revenues when we sell products to
consumers under the distribution model. We derive services revenues primarily under the consignment model and the
service fee model. For services provided under the consignment model and the service fee model, we charge fixed fees
and/or variable fees primarily based on GMV or other variable factors such as number of orders fulfilled. In addition to
serving our brand partners, we also provide digital marketing and other services to other customers under our service fee
model. Our net revenues as a percentage of our GMV and our profitability could vary depending on the mix of our product
sales revenues and services revenues, and brand partners’ category mix during certain time period. In addition, depending
on the product category, we may derive more revenues from product sales than services, or vice versa, which may further
impact our profitability.
● Our ability to manage and maintain profitability of Gap Greater China. In November 2022, our wholly-owned subsidiary,
White Horse Hongkong Holding Limited, entered into a share purchase agreement with The Gap, Inc. and Gap (UK
Holdings) Ltd. for the acquisition of Gap Greater China, which we believe will serve as a key component of our business
operations. Maintaining the profitability of Gap Greater China requires significant managerial and financial resources and
could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could adversely affect our growth and
business operations. In addition, the business operations of any future newly acquired business, including Gap Greater
China, could also materially deviate from our expectations, or may have a material adverse impact on their respective
business, financial conditions and results of operations. Any such negative developments of Gap Greater China or any
future newly acquired business could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of
operations.
● Our ability to manage growth, control costs and manage working capital. Our expansion will result in substantial demands
on our management, operational, technological, financial and other resources. Our ability to control cost and manage
working capital is key to our success. Our continued success depends on our ability to leverage our scale to obtain more
favorable terms, including better credit terms and larger credit lines, from our brand partners, marketplaces, advertising
partners, lessors of warehouses and logistics service providers. Our ability to gain better insight into inventory turnover and
sales patterns, which allows us to better optimize our working capital, may also affect our operations.
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The outbreak of COVID-19, a highly contagious disease known to cause respiratory illness, had caused an adverse impact on
the economy and social conditions in China and other affected countries since late 2019, and had an impact on our industry and caused
temporary suspension of some of our business operations. Since December 2022, the Chinese government has taken measures to lift the
pandemic-related restrictions on social and economic activities to facilitate people’s return to normalcy. However, there is still
uncertainty as to the future development of the COVID-19 pandemic. There could be a resurgence of the disease and infections could
increase again across the country. The continuation or any future recurrence of COVID-19 may adversely affect our business operations,
such as reducing working capacity of our employees. Such occurrences may affect our ability to conduct our business operations. The
COVID-19 pandemic may also again disrupt supply chains and diminish e-commerce fulfilment and logistics capabilities, as well as
result in weaker consumer demand. All these consequences have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on our business,
financial condition and results of operations. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak may continue to adversely affect the macro-
economic environment as well as our business, results of operations and financial condition remains uncertain, and will depend on future
developments, including the duration, severity and reach of the COVID-19 outbreak, and actions taken to contain the outbreak or treat its
impacts. We cannot assure you that, for the year ending December 31, 2023 or any future period, we will be able to return to or achieve
the same level of net income that we previously achieved. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our
Business – We may experience additional challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic.” Despite the uncertainty of the economic
environment, we believe that our current levels of cash balances, cash flows from operations and existing credit facilities will be
sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.
Financial Operations Overview.
The following describes key components of our statements of operations:
Net Revenues
We generate revenue from two revenue streams: (i) product sales and (ii) services. We generally operate e-commerce businesses
based on one of our three business models: distribution model, consignment model, and service fee model, or, in some circumstances, a
combination of the business models.
We derive product sales revenues primarily through selling products to consumers under the distribution model. We select and
purchase goods from our brand partners and/or their authorized distributors and generally sell branded goods directly to consumers
through our online stores. Revenues generated from product sales include fees charged to consumers for shipping and handling expenses.
We record product sales revenue, net of return allowances, value added tax and related surcharges, when the products are delivered and
accepted by consumers. We offer consumers an unconditional right of return for a typical period of seven days upon receipt of products.
Return allowances, which reduce net revenues, are estimated based on our analysis of returns by categories of products based on
historical data. The amount of goods returned was RMB212.2 million, RMB330.7 million and RMB188.9 million (US$27.4 million) for
the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively, accounting for 2.4%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the product sales revenue in
the respective periods.
We derive services revenues primarily under the consignment model and service fee model. Under the service fee model, we
provide a variety of e-commerce services, such as IT solutions, online store operation, digital marketing, and customer service to our
brand partners and other customers. Under the consignment model, in addition to the services provided under the service fee model, we
also provide warehousing and fulfillment services, whereby our brand partners (and/or their authorized distributors) stock goods in our
warehouses for future sales and we act as an agent to facilitate our brand partners’ online sales of their branded products as we bear no
physical and general inventory risk and have no discretion in establishing price.
For services provided under the consignment model or service fee model, we charge our brand partners a combination of fixed
fees and/or variable fees based on the value of merchandise sold, number of orders fulfilled or other variable factors. In particular,
variable fees based on GMV are calculated using a predetermined ratio that we have negotiated with our brand partners, which may vary
depending on factors such as the type and extent of the services we render. Revenue generated from some IT solutions such as one-time
online store design and setup services is recognized at a point in time when the services are rendered. Revenue generated from services
relating to online store operation, digital marketing, customer services, and warehousing and fulfillment are recognized over the service
term in the amount including fixed fees and/or variable fees to which we have a right to invoice.
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The following table sets forth our revenues by source for each period indicated.
Net revenues
Product sales
Services
Total net revenues
Operating expenses
2020
2021
RMB
%
RMB
%
RMB
2022
US$
%
For the Year Ended December 31,
3,906,611
4,944,952
8,851,563
44.1
55.9
100.0
3,873,589
5,522,667
9,396,256
41.2
58.8
100.0
2,644,214
5,756,417
8,400,631
383,375
834,602
1,217,977
31.5
68.5
100.0
Our operating expenses consist primarily of cost of products, fulfillment expenses, sales and marketing expenses, technology
and content expenses, and general and administrative expenses. The following table breaks down our total operating expenses by these
categories, by amounts and as percentages of total net revenues for each of the periods presented.
Net revenues
Operating expenses
Cost of products
Fulfillment
Sales and marketing
Technology and content
General and administrative
Other operating income, net
Impairment of goodwill
Total operating expenses
2020
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
RMB
8,851,563
%
100.0
RMB
9,396,256
%
100.0
RMB
8,400,631
%
100.0
(3,326,243)
(2,259,176)
(2,130,667)
(409,870)
(224,045)
57,115
—
(8,292,886)
(37.6)
(25.5)
(24.1)
(4.6)
(2.5)
0.6
—
(93.7)
(3,276,571)
(2,661,126)
(2,549,842)
(448,410)
(525,802)
72,516
—
(9,389,235)
(34.9)
(28.3)
(27.1)
(4.8)
(5.6)
0.8
—
(99.9)
(2,255,950)
(2,719,749)
(2,674,358)
(427,954)
(371,470)
95,292
(13,155)
(8,367,344)
(26.9)
(32.4)
(31.8)
(5.1)
(4.4)
1.1
(0.2)
(99.6)
Cost of products is incurred under the distribution model. Cost of products consists of the purchase price of products and
inbound shipping charges, as well as inventory write-downs. Inbound shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are
included in the inventories, and recognized as cost of products upon sale of the products to the consumers. Our cost of products does not
include other direct costs related to product sales such as shipping and handling expenses, payroll and benefits of staff, rental expenses of
logistic centers and depreciation expenses. Therefore our cost of products may not be comparable to other companies which include such
expenses in their cost of products.
Our fulfillment expenses primarily consist of (i) expenses charged by third-party couriers for dispatching and delivering
products to consumers, (ii) expenses incurred in operating our fulfillment and customer service center, including personnel cost and
expenses attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting and warehousing inventories, retrieval, packaging and preparing customer orders
for shipment, and store operations, (iii) rental expenses of leased warehouses, and (iv) packaging material costs. We expect our
fulfillment expenses to increase as we will lease more warehouses or cooperate with more warehouse operators to meet the demand
driven by the increase in GMV and the expansion of our fulfillment services. We plan to make our fulfillment operations more efficient
by enhancing the utilization rate of available spaces, deploying automated warehouse facilities, optimizing our third-party couriers
network, and improving workflow efficiency.
Our sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of payroll, bonus and benefits of sales and marketing staff, advertising
costs, service fees paid to marketplaces, agency fees and costs for promotional materials. Our sales and marketing expenses have
increased in recent years primarily due to the growth of our sales and marketing team and an expansion of our marketing efforts. We
expect that our sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase due to our increased sales volume contributed by our existing and
new brand partners and as we devote further efforts to expand digital marketing services for our brand partners and other customers and
engage in additional advertising and marketing activities. We plan to make our sales and marketing more efficient by promotion
operation automation, enhancing the effectiveness of marketing activities and improving the workflow efficiency.
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Our technology and content expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for employees in our technology and
system department, technology infrastructure expenses, costs associated with the computers, storage and telecommunications
infrastructure for internal use and other costs, such as editorial content costs. We expect spending in technology and content to increase
over time as we continue to invest in our technology platform to provide comprehensive services to brand partners.
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for our management and other
employees involved in general corporate functions, office rentals, depreciation and amortization expenses relating to property and
equipment used in general and administrative functions, provision for allowance for doubtful accounts, professional service and
consulting fees and other expenses incurred in connection with general corporate purposes. We expect our general and administrative
expenses to increase as we incur additional expenses in connection with the expansion of our business and our operations.
Our other operating income, net consist primarily of government subsidies, which mainly consist of cash subsidies by our
subsidiaries in the PRC from local governments.
Taxation
Cayman Islands
Our company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability.
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation,
and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the
government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution,
brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to
any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no
withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the ordinary shares, nor will gains derived from the
disposal of the shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
Hong Kong
Our subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on their taxable income generated from
operations in Hong Kong. On April 1, 2018, a two-tiered profits tax regime was introduced. The profits tax rate for the first HK$2
million of profits of corporations is lowered to 8.25%, while profits above that amount continue to be subject to the tax rate of 16.5%.
China
Generally, our subsidiaries and our VIE in China are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in China at a
statutory rate of 25%. Entities qualified as “high and new technology enterprises,” are entitled to a preferential enterprise income tax rate
of 15%. Our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, qualified as a “high and new technology enterprise” in 2017 and renewed the qualification in 2020,
and is therefore subject to a 15% preferential income tax rate with a valid term of three years from the year of qualification or renewal.
Other five of our subsidiaries qualified as a “high and new technology enterprise” starting from 2018 and renewed the qualification
subsequently, and are therefore subject to a 15% preferential income tax rate with a valid term of three years from the year of
qualification or renewal. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws
and accounting standards.
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Before May 1, 2018, we are subject to VAT at a rate of 17% on product sales and 6% on our services, in each case less any
deductible VAT we have already paid or borne. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated The Decisions on Abolishing the
Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Business Tax and Amending the Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Value-added Tax, or
Order 691. According to the VAT Law and Order 691, all enterprises and individuals engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of
processing, repair and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property and the importation of goods within the
territory of the PRC are the taxpayers of VAT. The VAT tax rates generally applicable are simplified as 17%, 11%, 6% and 0%, and the
VAT tax rate applicable to the small-scale taxpayers is 3%. The Notice of the MOF and the SAT on Adjusting Value-added Tax Rates, or
the Notice, was promulgated on April 4, 2018 and came into effect on May 1, 2018. According to the Notice, the VAT tax rate of 17%
and 11% are changed into 16% and 10%, respectively. In March 2019, the MOF, the SAT and the General Administration of Customs
jointly promulgated the Announcement on the Policies for Furtherance of the Reform of Value-Added Tax, or the Announcement 39,
according to which: (i) for VAT taxable sales acts or importation of goods originally subject to VAT tax rates of 16% and 10%,
respectively, such tax rates shall be adjusted to 13% and 9%, respectively; (ii) for purchase of agricultural products originally subject to
deduction rate of 10%, such deduction rate shall be adjusted to 9%; (iii) for purchase of agricultural products for the purpose of
production and sales or consigned processing of goods subject to tax rate of 13%, such tax shall be calculated at the deduction rate of
10%; (iv) for exported goods and labor originally subject to tax rate of 16% and export tax refund rate of 16%, the export tax refund rate
shall be adjusted to 13%; and (v) for exported goods and cross-border taxable acts originally subject to tax rate of 10% and export tax
refund rate of 10%, the export tax refund rate shall be adjusted to 9%. Announcement 39 became effective on April 1, 2019 and
superseded then existing provisions which were inconsistent with Announcement 39. Therefore, from May 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019,
the VAT tax rates of our PRC subsidiaries changed from 17% to 16% on product sales. After April 1, 2019, the VAT tax rates of our PRC
subsidiaries changed from 16% to 13% on product sales. VAT tax rate of our services revenues remains to be the same as that before May
1, 2018, which is 6%. We are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law.
Dividends paid by our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China to our intermediary holding companies in Hong Kong will
be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%, unless the relevant Hong Kong entity satisfies all the requirements under the Arrangement
between the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal
Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital entered into on August 21, 2006 and receive approval from the relevant tax
authority. If the relevant Hong Kong entities satisfy all the requirements under the tax arrangement and receives approval from the
relevant tax authority, then the dividends paid to the Hong Kong entities would be subject to withholding tax at the standard rate of 5%.
If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of China were deemed to be a “resident
enterprise” under the EIT Law, such entity would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See
“Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China - We may be treated as a
resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the EIT Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.”
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own
historical experiences and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates
is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from our expectations as a result of changes in our
estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application and require us to make
significant accounting estimates.
The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the
sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing our
financial statements. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the
preparation of our financial statements.
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Inventories
Inventories consisting of products available for sale, are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of inventories is determined
using the weighted average cost method. Valuation of inventories is based on currently available information about expected recoverable
value. The estimate is dependent upon factors such as historical trends of similar merchandise, inventory aging, historical and forecasted
consumer demand and promotional environment. When evidence exists that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, a
write-down is recognized in cost of products in the consolidated statements of operation in the period when it occurs. Inventory write-
downs related to the accidents, i.e. fire, are recorded in other operating income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of
operations.
Business combination
We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that once control is obtained,
the purchase price be allocated to all tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their
estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as
goodwill. The determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires estimates and assumptions with respect
to the revenue growth rates, perpetual growth rate, discount rates and useful lives which to base the cash flow projections. Although we
believe that the assumptions applied in the determination are reasonable based on information available at the date of acquisition, actual
results may differ from the forecasted amounts and the difference could be material.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired
as a result of our acquisitions of interests in our subsidiaries and our VIE. We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the benefit
each reporting unit derived from the business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment at reporting unit level on an annual basis,
or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change, indicating that it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit
would be below its carrying value.
Prior to January 1, 2020, we performed a two-step test to determine the amount, if any, of goodwill impairment. In Step 1, we
compared the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit
exceeded its fair value, we performed Step 2 and compared the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill
for that reporting unit. An impairment charge equaled to the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill for the reporting unit
exceeded the implied fair value of that goodwill is recorded, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Starting
from January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill
impairment,” which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. If the
carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess,
versus determining an implied fair value in Step 2 to measure the impairment loss.
Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of
assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting
unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated primarily through the use of a discounted cash flow methodology. This analysis
requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the
growth rate for business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of weighted average cost of
capital. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and goodwill impairment for
each reporting unit.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
See Item 18 of Part III, “Financial Statements — Note 2 — Summary of Significant Principal Accounting Policies — (ai)
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.”
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated both in absolute
amount and as a percentage of our total net revenues. Our historical results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results for
any future period.
Net revenues
Product sales
Services
Total net revenues
Operating expenses(1)
Cost of products
Fulfillment
Sales and marketing
Technology and content
General and administrative
Other operating income, net
Impairment of goodwill
Total operating expenses
Income from operations
Other income (expenses)
Interest income
Interest expense
Unrealized investment loss
Gain on disposal of investment
Gain on repurchase of 1.625% convertible senior notes due
2024
Impairment loss of investments
Exchange gain (loss)
Fair value loss on derivative liabilities
Income (loss) before income tax and share of income in
equity method investment
Income tax expense
Share of income (loss) in equity method investment
Net income (loss)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling
interests
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of
Baozun Inc.
Net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary
shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Basic
Diluted
Net income (loss) per ADS attributable to ordinary
shareholders of Baozun Inc. (2)
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average shares used in calculating net income (loss)
per ordinary share
Basic
Diluted
For the year ended December 31,
2020
2021
RMB
%
RMB
%
RMB
2022
US$
%
(in thousands, except for per share and per ADS data and number of shares)
3,906,611
4,944,952
8,851,563
(3,326,243)
(2,259,176)
(2,130,667)
(409,870)
(224,045)
57,115
—
(8,292,886)
558,677
41,373
(66,124)
—
—
—
(10,800)
25,725
—
548,851
(127,787)
5,470
426,534
(796)
44.1
55.9
100.0
(37.6)
(25.5)
(24.1)
(4.6)
(2.5)
0.6
—
(93.7)
6.3
0.5
(0.7)
—
—
—
(0.1)
0.3
—
6.2
(1.4)
0.1
4.8
(0.0)
3,873,589
5,522,667
9,396,256
(3,276,571)
(2,661,126)
(2,549,842)
(448,410)
(525,802)
72,516
—
(9,389,235)
7,021
62,943
(56,847)
(209,956)
150
—
(3,541)
46,226
—
(154,004)
(55,259)
3,300
(205,963)
(1,505)
254
—
(12,362)
41.2
58.8
100.0
(34.9)
(28.3)
(27.1)
(4.8)
(5.6)
0.8
—
(99.9)
0.1
0.7
(0.6)
(2.2)
0.0
—
(0.1)
0.5
—
(1.6)
(0.6)
0.0
(2.2)
0.0
(0.1)
2,644,214
5,756,417
8,400,631
383,375
834,602
1,217,977
(2,255,950)
(2,719,749)
(2,674,358)
(427,954)
(371,470)
95,292
(13,155)
(8,367,344)
33,287
(327,082)
(394,327)
(387,745)
(62,047)
(53,858)
13,816
(1,907)
(1,213,150)
4,827
45,816
(56,917)
(97,827)
(107,032)
7,907
(8,400)
(32,384)
(364,758)
(580,308)
(26,480)
(3,586)
(610,374)
843
6,643
(8,252)
(14,184)
(15,518)
1,146
(1,218)
(4,695)
(52,885)
(84,136)
(3,839)
(520)
(88,495)
122
(43,759)
(6,344)
425,992
4.8
(219,830)
(2.3)
(653,290)
(94,717)
2.27
2.23
6.82
6.69
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
(1.02)
(1.02)
(3.05)
(3.05)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
(3.56)
(3.56)
(10.69)
(10.69)
(0.52)
(0.52)
(1.55)
(1.55)
187,322,781
190,988,171
—
—
216,370,290
216,370,290
—
—
183,274,855
183,274,855
183,274,855
183,274,855
31.5
68.5
100.0
(26.9)
(32.4)
(31.8)
(5.1)
(4.4)
1.1
(0.2)
99.6
0.4
0.5
(0.7)
(1.2)
(1.3)
0.1
(0.1)
(0.4)
(4.3)
(6.9)
(0.3)
0.0
(7.3)
0.0
(0.5)
(7.8)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
—
—
(1) Share-based compensation expenses are allocated in operating expenses items as follows:
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Fulfillment
Sales and marketing
Technology and content
General and administrative
For the year ended December 31,
2022
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
RMB
US$
(in thousands)
(8,497)
(38,631)
(16,711)
(44,601)
(108,440)
(16,845)
(89,275)
(38,001)
(52,426)
(196,547)
(13,730)
(57,548)
(22,512)
(48,591)
(142,381)
(1,991)
(8,344)
(3,264)
(7,044)
(20,643)
(2) Each ADS represents three Class A ordinary shares.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022.
Net Revenues
Our total net revenues decreased by 10.6% from RMB9,396.3 million in 2021 to RMB8,400.6 million (US$1,218.0 million) in
2022. Net revenues generated from product sales decreased by 31.7% mainly due to deteriorated macro-economic environment and
negative impact from the Better Cotton Initiatives while net revenues from services increased by 4.2%. The increase in our net revenues
generated from services was primarily attributable to higher revenue contribution from value-added services, especially in digital
marketing and IT solutions.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses decreased by 10.9% from RMB9,389.2 million in 2021 to RMB8,367.3 million (US$1,213.2 million) in
2022, which primarily resulted from decreases in our cost of products, general and administrative expenses, and technology and content
expenses, partially offset by increases in our fulfillment expenses and sales and marketing expenses.
Cost of Products. Our cost of products decreased by 31.1% from RMB3,276.6 million in 2021 to RMB2,256.0 million
(US$327.1 million) in 2022. Cost of products as a percentage of net revenues from product sales increased from 84.6% in 2021 to 85.3%
in 2022 primarily due to the optimization of our product portfolio in distribution model.
Fulfillment Expenses. Our fulfillment expenses increased by 2.2% from RMB2,661.1 million in 2021 to RMB2,719.7 million
(US$394.3 million) in 2022. The increase was in line with the growth of our revenue generated from our warehousing and fulfillment
and IT maintenance services.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses increased by 4.9% from RMB2,549.8 million in 2021 to
RMB2,674.4 million (US$387.7 million) in 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher cost for front-end staff, which was in line
with our business growth in digital marketing services.
Technology and Content Expenses. Our technology and content expenses decreased by 4.6% from RMB448.4 million in 2021 to
RMB428.0 million (US$62.0 million) in 2022. The decrease was mainly due to the Company’s cost control initiatives and efficiency
improvements, which was partially offset by the Company’s ongoing investment in technological innovation and productization.
General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses decreased by 29.4% from RMB525.8 million in
2021 to RMB371.5 million (US$53.9 million) in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to higher cost occurred in the same period of last
year, which was primarily due to higher rental and an accelerated amortization of leasehold as the Company moved to its new
headquarters in 2021, less write-down of account receivable, and the Company’s effective cost control initiatives and efficiency
improvements in 2022.
Other Operating Income, Net. Other operating income was RMB95.3 million (US$13.8 million) in 2022, compared with
RMB72.5 million in 2021. The other operation income in 2022 was mainly government subsidies.
Impairment of Goodwill. We incurred impairment of goodwill of RMB13.2 million (US$1.9 million) in 2022 because the fair
value of our reporting unit based on the quantitative impairment test was less than its carrying amount. We did not record impairment of
goodwill in 2021.
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Income from Operations
As a result of the foregoing, our income from operations was RMB33.3 million (US$4.8 million) in 2022, compared with
RMB7.0 million in 2021.
Other Income (Expenses)
We incurred total other expenses for both 2021 and 2022. Our other expenses increased by 281.1% from RMB161.0 million in
2021 to RMB613.6 million (US$89.0 million) in 2022. This increase was mainly due to a fair value loss on derivative liabilities, an
increase in loss on disposal of investment, and an increase in exchange loss, partially offset by a decrease in unrealized investment loss.
Interest Income. Our interest income decreased from RMB62.9 million in 2021 to RMB45.8 million (US$6.6 million) in 2022.
The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in proceeds from short term investments.
Interest Expense. Our interest expense was RMB56.8 million in 2021 and RMB56.9 million (US$8.3 million) in 2022, which
generally remained stable.
Unrealized Investment Loss. Our unrealized investment loss was RMB97.8 million (US$14.2 million) in 2022, compared with
RMB210.0 million in 2021. The unrealized investment loss in both periods was related to the decrease in the trading price of iClick
Interactive, a public company listed on the Nasdaq Global Market that we invested in January 2021. The unrealized investment loss in
the fiscal year 2022 was partially offset by the unrealized investment gain of RMB4.2 million, which was related to the increase in the
trading price of Lanvin Group, a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange in December 2022 that we invested in June 2021.
Loss on Disposal of Investment. We recorded a gain on disposal of investment of RMB0.2 million in 2021 and a loss on disposal
of investment of RMB107.0 million (US$15.5 million) in 2022. We incurred a loss on disposal of investment in 2022 primarily because
we disposed a loss-making subsidiary of our warehouse and supply chain businesses, resulting in a loss of RMB91.1 million (US$13.2
million) loss in the third quarter of 2022.
Gain on Repurchase of 1.625% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024. We incurred gain on repurchase of 1.625% convertible
senior notes due 2024 of RMB7.9 million (US$1.1 million) in 2022. We did not record such gain in 2021.
Impairment Loss of Investments. Our impairment loss of investments was RMB8.4 million (US$1.2 million) in 2022, compared
with RMB3.5 million in 2021. Our impairment of investments in 2022 was due to the loss of investment in equity investees. We review
the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investments may
not be recoverable.
Exchange Gain (Loss). Our exchange loss was RMB32.4 million (US$4.7 million) in 2022, compared with exchange gain of
RMB46.2 million in 2021. Such change was primarily due to the appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar, as we had net assets in
U.S. dollar during 2022.
Fair Value Loss on Derivative Liabilities. We recorded fair value loss on derivative liabilities of RMB364.8 million (US$52.9
million) in 2022, which was primarily due to changes in fair value of the derivative liabilities in connection with the 30% equity interest
of our subsidiary, Baotong Inc., that we issued to Cainiao Smart Logistics Investment Limited. We did not record any fair value loss on
derivative liabilities in 2021.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense was RMB26.5 million (US$3.8 million) in 2022, compared with RMB55.3 million in 2021. Our
income tax expense in 2022 was due to taxable profit generated in the same period.
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Share of Loss (Income) in Equity Method Investment
Our share of loss in equity method investment was RMB3.6 million (US$0.5 million) in 2022, compared with share of income
in equity method investment was RMB3.3 million in 2021. Our share of loss (income) in equity method investment over these periods
resulted from our investment in Beijing Pengtai Baozun E-commerce Co., Ltd., or Pengtai Baozun, and other equity investees.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was RMB610.4 million (US$88.5 million) in 2022, compared with net loss of
RMB206.0 million in 2021.
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Our net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. was RMB653.3 million (US$94.7 million) in 2022, compared
with net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. of RMB219.8 million in 2021.
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021.
Net Revenues
Our total net revenues increased by 6.2% from RMB8,851.6 million in 2020 to RMB9,396.3 million in 2021. Net revenues
generated from product sales decreased by 0.8% mainly due to deteriorated macro-economic environment and negative impact from the
Better Cotton Initiatives while net revenues from services increased by 11.7%. The increase in our net revenues generated from services
was primarily attributable to incremental revenue contribution of RMB565.0 million from our acquisitions, especially from acquisitions
of two warehouse and supply chain businesses.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses increased by 13.2% from RMB8,292.9 million in 2020 to RMB9,389.2 million in 2021. This increase
was due to the growth of our business, which resulted in increases in our cost of products, fulfillment expenses, sales and marketing
expenses, technology and content expenses, and general and administrative expenses.
Cost of Products. Our cost of products decreased by 1.5% from RMB3,326.2 million in 2020 to RMB3,276.6 million in 2021.
Cost of products as a percentage of net revenues from product sales decreased from 85.1% in 2020 to 84.6% in 2021 primarily due to the
optimization of our product portfolio in distribution model.
Fulfillment Expenses. Our fulfillment expenses increased by 17.8% from RMB2,259.2 million in 2020 to RMB2,661.1 million
in 2021. The increase was primarily due to the fulfillment cost incurred by two warehouse and supply chain businesses acquired in 2021,
and (i) an increase in labor cost and expenses attributable to retrieval and sorting, as we provided more and high-quality fulfillment
services to our brand partners, and (ii) an increase in rental expenses for our warehouses, which was primarily due to the increase in the
aggregate gross floor area we leased to support the expansion of warehousing and fulfillment service, which were partially offset by
efficiency improvements.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses increased by 19.7% from RMB2,130.7 million in 2020 to
RMB2,549.8 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase in staff as we grow our business scale, (ii) an increase in
marketing and platform service fees as we engaged in more advertising activities to increase our GMV, and (iii) an increase in labor cost
as we hired additional sales and marketing personnel, which were partially offset by efficiency improvements.
Technology and Content Expenses. Our technology and content expenses increased by 9.4% from RMB409.9 million in 2020 to
RMB448.4 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to continuous investments in innovation and productization, which was
partially offset by our cost control initiatives and efficiency improvements.
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General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by 134.7% from RMB224.0 million
in 2020 to RMB525.8 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase of write-down on accounts receivable from
certain distributor, (ii) an increase in rental expenses and accelerated amortization of leasehold in correlation with our move to its new
headquarters, and (iii) an increase in administrative, corporate strategy, and business planning staff and an increase from M&A activities,
which were partially offset by the leverage gained from scale of business.
Other Operating Income, Net. Other operating income was RMB72.5 million in 2021, compared with RMB57.1 million in
2020. The other operation income in 2021 was mainly government subsidies.
Income from Operations
As a result of the foregoing, our income from operations was RMB7.0 million in 2021, compared with RMB558.7 million in
2020.
Other Income (Expenses)
Interest Income. Our interest income increased from RMB41.4 million in 2020 to RMB62.9 million in 2021.
Interest Expense. Our interest expense decreased from RMB66.1 million in 2020 to RMB56.8 million in 2021. This decrease
was primarily due to lower average balance of our borrowings in 2021.
Unrealized Investment Loss. Our unrealized investment loss was RMB210.0 million in 2021, compared with nil in 2020.
Unrealized investment loss in 2021 was mainly due to decrease in the trading price of iClick Interactive, a public company listed on the
Nasdaq Global Market that we invested in January 2021.
Impairment Loss of Investments.Our impairment loss of investments was RMB3.5 million in 2021, compared with RMB10.8
million in 2020. Our impairment of investments in 2021 was due to the loss of investment in equity investees. We review the investments
for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investments may not be
recoverable.
Exchange Gain (Loss). Our exchange gain was RMB46.2 million in 2021, compared with exchange gain of RMB25.7 million in
2020. This exchange gain was primarily due to the appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar, as we had net assets in U.S. dollar
during 2021.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense was RMB55.3 million in 2021, compared with RMB127.8 million in 2020. Our income tax expense in
2021 was due to taxable profit generated in the same period.
Share of Income in Equity Method Investment
Our share of income in equity method investment decreased from RMB5.5 million in 2020 to RMB3.3 million in 2021. Our
share of income in equity method investment over these periods resulted from our investment in Beijing Pengtai Baozun E-commerce
Co., Ltd., or Pengtai Baozun, and other equity investees.
Net Loss (Income)
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was RMB206.0 million in 2021, compared with net income of RMB426.5 million in
2020.
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Ordinary Shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Our net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. was RMB219.8 million in 2021, compared with net income
attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. of RMB426.0 million in 2020.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In evaluating our business, we consider and use non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-
GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc., and non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary
shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS, as supplemental measures to review and assess our operating performance. The presentation of
these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared
and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations is income (loss) from operations excluding the
impact of share-based compensation expenses, amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition, acquisition-related
expenses, impairment of goodwill, loss on variance from expected contingent acquisition payment, and cancellation fees of repurchased
ADSs and returned ADSs. Non-GAAP net income (loss) is net income (loss) excluding the impact of share-based compensation
expenses, amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition, acquisition-related expenses, impairment of goodwill and
investments, loss on variance from expected contingent acquisition payment, cancellation fees of repurchased ADSs and returned ADSs,
fair value loss on derivative liabilities, loss on disposal of subsidiaries and investment in equity investee, and unrealized investment loss.
Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. is net income (loss) attributable to ordinary
shareholders of Baozun Inc. excluding the impact of share-based compensation expenses, amortization of intangible assets resulting from
business acquisition, acquisition-related expenses, impairment of goodwill and investments, loss on variance from expected contingent
acquisition payment, cancellation fees of repurchased ADSs and returned ADSs, fair value loss on derivative liabilities, loss on disposal
of subsidiaries and investment in equity investee, and unrealized investment loss. Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary
shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS is non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. divided by
weighted average number of shares used in calculating net income (loss) per ordinary share multiplied by three, as each ADS represents
three of our Class A ordinary shares.
We present the non-GAAP financial measures because they are also used by our management to evaluate our operating
performance and formulate business plans. Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP net
income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. and non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders
of Baozun Inc. per ADS enable our management to assess our operating results without considering the impact of share-based
compensation expenses, amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition, acquisition-related expenses, impairment
of goodwill, loss on variance from expected contingent acquisition payment, and cancellation fees of repurchased ADSs and returned
ADSs. Such items are non-cash expenses that are not directly related to our business operations. Share-based compensation expenses
represent non-cash expenses associated with share options and restricted share units we grant under share incentive plans. Amortization
of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition represents non-cash expenses associated with intangible assets acquired through
one-off business acquisition. Unrealized investment loss represents non-cash expenses associated with the change in fair value of the
equity investment. We believe that, by excluding such non-cash items, the non-GAAP financial measures help identify the trends
underlying our core operating results that could otherwise be distorted. As such, we believe that the non-GAAP financial measures
facilitate investors’ assessment of our operating performance, enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future
prospects and allow for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by our management in their financial and operational decision-
making.
The non-GAAP financial measures are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The
non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. One of the key limitations of using non-GAAP income (loss) from
operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. and non-
GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS is that they do not reflect all items of income
(loss) and expense that affect our operations. Share-based compensation expenses and amortization of intangible assets resulting from
business acquisition and unrealized investment loss have been and may continue to be incurred in our business and are not reflected in
the presentation of non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to
ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. and non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS.
Further, the non-GAAP measures may differ from the non-GAAP measures used by other companies, including peer companies, and
therefore their comparability may be limited. In light of the foregoing limitations, the non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-
GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. and non-GAAP net income
(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS for the period should not be considered in isolation from or as an
alternative to income (loss) from operations, net income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc., net
income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS, or other financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S.
GAAP.
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We compensate for these limitations by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measure to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance
measure, which should be considered when evaluating our performance. We encourage you to review our financial information in its
entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.
A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures in 2020, 2021 and 2022 to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance
measures is provided below:
Income from operations
Add: Share-based compensation expenses
Amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition
Acquisition-related expenses
Impairment of goodwill
Loss on variance from expected contingent acquisition payment
Cancellation fees of repurchased ADSs and returned ADSs
Non-GAAP income from operations
Net income (loss)
Add: Share-based compensation expenses
Amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition
Acquisition-related expenses
Impairment of goodwill and investments
Loss on variance from expected contingent acquisition payment
Cancellation fees of repurchased ADSs and returned ADSs
Fair value loss on derivative liabilities
Loss on disposal of subsidiaries and investment in equity investee
Unrealized investment loss
Less: Tax effect of amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition
Non-GAAP net income
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Add: Share-based compensation expenses
Amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition
Acquisition-related expenses
Impairment of goodwill and investments
Loss on variance from expected contingent acquisition payment
Cancellation fees of repurchased ADSs and returned ADSs
Fair value loss on derivative liabilities
Loss on disposal of subsidiaries and investment in equity investee
Unrealized investment loss
Less: Tax effect of amortization of intangible assets resulting from business acquisition
Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc. per ADS:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average shares used in calculating net income (loss)
Basic
Diluted
118
For the year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
US$
(in thousands)
558,677
108,440
1,564
—
—
—
—
668,681
426,534
108,440
1,564
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(392)
536,146
425,992
108,440
796
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(200)
535,028
7,021
196,547
20,536
—
—
—
—
224,104
(205,963)
196,547
20,536
—
—
—
—
—
—
209,956
(3,686)
217,390
(219,830)
196,547
15,574
—
—
—
—
—
—
209,956
(2,645)
199,602
33,287
142,381
39,431
13,694
13,155
9,495
4,650
256,093
(610,374)
142,381
39,431
13,694
21,555
9,495
4,650
364,758
107,032
97,827
(7,880)
182,569
(653,290)
142,381
30,076
13,694
21,555
9,495
4,650
364,758
107,032
97,827
(5,972)
132,206
4,827
20,643
5,717
1,985
1,907
1,377
674
37,130
(88,495)
20,643
5,717
1,985
3,125
1,377
674
52,885
15,518
14,184
(1,142)
26,471
(94,717)
20,643
4,361
1,985
3,125
1,377
674
52,885
15,518
14,184
(866)
19,169
8.57
8.40
2.77
2.72
2.16
2.13
0.31
0.31
187,322,781
190,988,171
216,370,290
216,370,290
183,274,855
185,897,231
183,274,855
185,897,231
Table of Contents
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows and Working Capital
We have financed our operations primarily through cash generated from operating activities, proceeds from our public offerings
and private placements, and short-term and long-term bank borrowings. As of December 31, 2022, we had RMB2,144.0 million
(US$310.9 million) in cash and cash equivalents and RMB101.7 million (US14.7 million) in restricted cash. Our cash and cash
equivalents generally consist of bank deposits. As of December 31, 2022, we had credit facilities with terms ranging from three months
to one year for an aggregate amount RMB3,329.0 million (US$482.7 million) from 17 Chinese commercial banks. Under these credit
facilities, we had RMB400.9 million (US$58.1 million) as guarantee for the issuance of notes payable, and RMB8.7 million (US$1.3
million) for the issuance of letters of guarantee to our suppliers, so as of December 31, 2022, we had RMB1,903.4 million (US$276.0
million) available for future borrowing under these credit facilities.
We also pledged cash of RMB101.7 million (US$14.7 million) to banks in relation to bank guarantees issued on behalf of us,
deposit required by our business partners or security for issuance of commercial acceptance notes that mainly relate to purchase of
inventories as of December 31, 2022.
In April 2019, we completed our offering of the 2024 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of US$275.0 million. Our 2024
Notes will mature on May 1, 2024, unless earlier repurchased or converted into our ADSs based on an initial conversion rate of 19.2308,
before the ADS split, subject to change, of our ADSs per US$1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes. The conversion rate may be
increased in connection with a make-whole fundamental change and is subject to adjustment upon occurrence of certain events. The
holders may require us to repurchase all or portion of the 2024 Notes for cash on May 1, 2022, or upon a fundamental change, at a
repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 2024 Notes bear interest at a rate of
1.625% per annum, payable in arrears semi-annually on May 1 and November 1, began November 1, 2019. In March 2022, we entered
into separate and individually privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of the 2024 Notes to repurchase approximately
US$166.3 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes. On April 1, 2022, we announced a tender offer to repurchase the outstanding 2024
Notes and the repurchase right expired at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Thursday, April 28, 2022. All the outstanding principal
amount of the 2024 Notes were validly surrendered and not withdrawn for repurchase prior to the expiration of the repurchase right. On
May 2, 2022, the 2024 Notes were fully repurchased.
In September 2020, we completed a global offering of 40,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, which began trading on the Main
Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on September 29, 2020 under the stock code “9991.” The gross proceeds to us from the global
offering, before deducting underwriting fees and the offering expenses, was approximately HK$3,316.0 million (US$425.2 million). On
October 23, 2020, the underwriters partially exercised the over-allotment option in respect of an aggregate of 3,833,700 Class A ordinary
shares. We received total net proceeds of approximately HK$3,511.4 million (US$450.2 million) after deducting offering expenses
payable by us in relation to the global offering and the exercise of the over-allotment option.
We believe that our current levels of cash balances, cash flows from operations and existing credit facilities will be sufficient to
meet our anticipated cash needs to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. In addition, our cash flows from operations could
be affected by our payment terms with our brand partners. Furthermore, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we
experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find
and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If we determine that our cash
requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents we have on hand, we may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain
additional credit facilities.
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Our accounts receivable mainly represent amounts due from customers and consumers and are recorded net of allowance for
doubtful accounts. Under the distribution model, we generally receive funds from the e-commerce platforms within no more than two
weeks after online consumers have confirmed receipt of goods. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, our accounts receivable
amounted to RMB2,189.0 million, RMB2,260.9 million and RMB2,292.7 million (US$332.4 million), respectively. As of the date of this
annual report, we have settled RMB1,467.1 million (US$212.9 million) of our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022, constituting
64.0% of the accounts receivable then outstanding, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The increase in accounts receivable over
these periods was due to the increase in our product sales and service volumes. Our accounts receivable turnover days were 82 days in
2020, 86 days in 2021 and 99 days in 2022. The increases in turnover days over these periods was due to the increase in the proportion of
our revenues generated from services, which generally has longer payment terms. Accounts receivable turnover days for a given period
are equal to the average accounts receivable balances as of the beginning and the end of the period divided by total net revenues during
the period and multiplied by the number of days during the period (i.e., the actual number of days in a given year for calculating turnover
days in such year or 90 days for calculating turnover days in a given quarter).
Our inventories were RMB1,026.0 million, RMB1,073.6 million and RMB943.0 million (US$136.7 million) as of December
31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. Our inventory turnover days were 106 days in 2020, 117 days in 2021 and 163 days in 2022. The increase in
our inventories from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 reflected the additional inventory required to support our sales volumes,
the increase of the scale of our existing and new brand partners under the distribution model. The decrease in our inventories from
December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 was primarily due to the optimization of our product portfolio, which resulted in contraction
in distribution model and a lower inventory volume. The increase in our inventory turnover days over these periods was due to changes
in our product mix with new brands acquired. Inventory turnover days for a given period are equal to the average inventory balances as
of the beginning and the end of the period divided by total cost of products during the period and multiplied by the number of days
during the period (i.e., the actual number of days in a given year for calculating turnover days in such year or 90 days for calculating
turnover days in a given quarter).
Our accounts payable include accounts payable for payments in connection with inventory that we purchased and products sold
under the consignment model and service fee model for which we are responsible for payment collection. As of December 31, 2020,
2021 and 2022, our accounts payable amounted to RMB421.6 million, RMB494.1 million and RMB474.7 million (US$68.8 million),
respectively. The increase in accounts payable from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 reflected growth in our scale of
operations. The decrease in accounts payable from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 reflected contraction in our scale of
distribution model due to the optimization of our product portfolio. Our accounts payable turnover days were 71 days in 2020, 51 days in
2021 and 78 days in 2022. The decreases in accounts payable turnover days from 2020 to 2021 was mainly due to new brands acquired
with shorter credit periods. The increase in accounts payable turnover days from 2021 to 2022 was primarily due to the fluctuations in
our product mix. Accounts payable turnover days for a given period are equal to the average accounts payable balances as of the
beginning and the end of the period divided by total cost of products during the period and multiplied by the number of days during the
period (i.e., the actual number of days in a given year for calculating turnover days in such year or 90 days for calculating turnover days
in a given quarter).
Although we consolidate the results of our VIE, we only have access to cash balances or future earnings of our VIE through our
contractual arrangements with it. See “Item 4. Information on the Company - C. Organizational Structure - Contractual Arrangements
with Shanghai Zunyi and Its Shareholders.” For restrictions and limitations on liquidity and capital resources as a result of our corporate
structure, see “ - Holding Company Structure.”
As a Cayman Islands exempted company and offshore holding company, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to
provide funding to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China only through loans or capital contributions, subject to the approval of
or filing with government authorities and limits on the amount of capital contributions and loans. In addition, subject to applicable
restrictions under PRC foreign exchange laws and regulations, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China may provide Renminbi
funding to their respective subsidiaries through capital contributions and entrusted loans, and to our VIE only through entrusted loans.
See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China - PRC regulations
of loans to PRC entities and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using the
proceeds of our offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our foreign-invested enterprises or our VIE.”
Renminbi may be converted into foreign exchange for current account items, including interest and trade- and service-related
transactions. As a result, our PRC subsidiaries, our VIE in China may purchase foreign exchange for the payment of license, content or
other royalty fees and expenses to offshore licensors, etc.
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Our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary may convert Renminbi amounts that it generates in its own business activities, including
technical consulting and related service fees pursuant to its contract with our VIE, as well as dividends it receives from its subsidiaries,
into foreign exchange and pay them to its non-PRC parent companies in the form of dividends. However, current PRC regulations permit
our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with
its articles of association and Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary is required to set aside
at least 10% of its after-tax profits after making up for previous years’ accumulated losses each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds
until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore,
capital account transactions, which include foreign direct investment and loans, must be approved by and/or registered with SAFE and its
local branches.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year
Effect of exchange rate changes
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year
Operating Activities
For the year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
US$
(in thousands)
310,014
(616,367)
2,666,837
2,360,484
1,526,810
(156,275)
3,731,019
(96,107)
375,820
749,953
1,029,666
3,731,019
(60,921)
4,699,764
382,605
(1,306,661)
(1,650,402)
(2,574,458)
4,699,764
120,418
2,245,724
55,473
(189,449)
(239,286)
(373,262)
737,495
(38,633)
325,600
Net cash used provided by operating activities in 2022 was RMB382.6 million (US$55.5 million) and primarily consisted of net
loss of RMB610.4 million (US$88.5 million), as adjusted for non-cash items, and the effects of changes in operating assets and
liabilities. Adjustment for non-cash items primarily included RMB196.5 million (US$28.5 million) of depreciation and amortization,
RMB161.6 million (US$23.4 million) of inventory write-down, RMB142.4 million (US$20.6 million) of share-based compensation,
RMB107.0 million (US$15.5 million) of loss on disposal of subsidiaries and investment in equity investee, and RMB97.8 million
(US$14.2 million) of unrealized loss related to investment securities, partially offset by RMB56.1 million (US$8.1 million) of deferred
income tax. In 2022, the principal items accounting for the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a decrease in operating lease
right-of-use assets of RMB248.5 million (US$36.0 million), a decrease in advance to suppliers of RMB158.3 million (US$23.0 million),
an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB99.1 million (US$14.4 million), an increase in accounts payables of
RMB57.4 million (US$8.3 million), partially offset by a decrease in operating lease liabilities of RMB252.3 million (US$36.6 million),
an increase in prepayments and other current assets of RMB135.0 million (US$19.6 million), a decrease in tax payables of RMB81.2
million (US$11.8 million), a decrease in amounts due to related party of RMB43.4 million (US$6.3 million), an increase in accounts
receivable of RMB42.4 million (US$6.1 million), a decrease in notes payable of RMB41.8 million (US$6.1 million), and an increase in
inventories of RMB31.0 million (US$4.5 million). The increase in our inventories, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, operating
lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities was due to the growth of our business.
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Net cash used in operating activities in 2021 was RMB96.1 million and primarily consisted of net loss of RMB206.0 million, as
adjusted for non-cash items, and the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities. Adjustment for non-cash items primarily
included RMB206.9 million of depreciation and amortization, RMB210.0 million of unrealized loss of investments, RMB196.5 million
of share-based compensation, RMB105.8 million of provision for allowance for credit losses, RMB89.5 million of inventory write-down,
and RMB23.7 million of amortization of issuance cost of the 2024 Notes, partially offset by RMB63.7 million of deferred income tax. In
2021, the principal items accounting for the changes in operating assets and liabilities were an increase in operating lease right-of-use
assets of RMB570.8 million, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB254.6 million, an increase in advance to
suppliers of RMB243.8 million, an increase in inventories of RMB137.0 million, an increase in accounts receivable of RMB98.6 million,
and a decrease in tax payables of RMB26.7 million, partially offset by an increase in operating lease liabilities of RMB626.1 million, an
increase in accounts payables of RMB39.3 million, and an increase in notes payable of RMB28.8 million. The increase in our
inventories, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities was due to the
growth of our business.
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2020 was RMB310.0 million and primarily consisted of net income of RMB426.5
million, as adjusted for non-cash items, and the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities. Adjustments for non-cash items
primarily included RMB151.7 million of depreciation and amortization, RMB108.5 million of inventory write-down, RMB108.4 million
of share-based compensation and RMB25.2 million of amortization of issuance cost of the 2024 Notes. In 2020, the principal items
accounting for the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a decrease in accounts payable of RMB450.8 million, an increase in
inventories of RMB237.7 million, an increase in operating lease liabilities of RMB87.7 million and a decrease in income tax payables of
RMB9.4 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of RMB400.1 million, an increase in notes payable of RMB290.1
million, an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB392.8 million, an increase in operating lease right-of-use
assets of RMB84.2 million and an increase in prepayments and other current assets of RMB50.5 million. Such changes in operating
assets and liabilities were primarily due to seasonality and the impact of COVID-19.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 was RMB1,306.7 million (US$189.4 million), and primarily consisted of (i)
purchase of short term investment, (ii) purchases of property and equipment, which comprised equipment for warehouse, computer
hardware for newly hired employees and leasehold improvements, (iii) net cash paid for business combination, (iv) investment in equity
investees, and (v) additions of intangible assets due to capitalization of internally developed software.
Net cash provided by investing activities was RMB375.8 million in 2021, and primarily consisted of proceeds from maturity of
short-term investments, and partially offset by (i) purchases of property and equipment, which comprised equipment for warehouse,
computer hardware for newly hired employees and leasehold improvements, (ii) purchases of investment securities, (iii) net cash paid for
business combination, and (iv) investment in equity investees.
Net cash used in investing activities was RMB616.4 million in 2020, and primarily consisted of (i) purchases of property and
equipment, which comprised equipment for warehouse, computer hardware for newly hired employees and leasehold improvements, (ii)
purchases of short-term investment, (iii) additions of intangible assets due to capitalization of internally developed software and (iv)
investment in equity investees, and partially offset by proceeds from maturity of short-term investments.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in 2022 was RMB1,650.4 million (US$239.3 million), primarily attributable to (i)
repayment of short-term borrowings of RMB1,375.8 million, and (ii) repurchase of convertible senior notes of RMB1,760.0 million,
partially offset by proceeds of RMB1,843.5 million from short-term bank loans.
Net cash provided by financing activities was RMB750.0 million in 2021, primarily attributable to (i) proceeds of RMB1,290.8
million from non-controlling interest’s capital contribution, and (ii) proceeds of RMB548.5 million from short-term bank loans, partially
offset by repurchase of ordinary shares and ADSs of RMB1,060.4 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was RMB2,666.8 million in 2020, primarily attributable to (i) proceeds of
RMB3,095.6 million from public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, net of issuance cost, and (ii) repayment of short-term bank
loans of RMB663.9 million, partially offset by proceeds of RMB235.4 million from short-term bank loans.
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Capital Expenditures
We had capital expenditures of RMB158.6 million, RMB352.8 million and RMB259.2 million (US$37.6 million) in 2020, 2021
and 2022, respectively. Our capital expenditures were used primarily for (i) the purchase of buildings, computer hardware, office
furniture and equipment and warehouse equipment, (ii) leasehold improvements, (iii) cost incurred for internal development of software,
and (iv) land use rights. Actual future capital expenditures may differ from the amounts indicated above. We have no capital commitment
as of December 31, 2022.
Contractual Obligations
The following sets forth information regarding our aggregate payment obligations under our contracts and commercial
commitments as of December 31, 2022:
Operating lease obligations
Short-term loans
Total
Total
RMB
US$
Less than 1 year
US$
RMB
1-3 years
3-5 years
RMB US$
RMB US$
More than 5 years
RMB US$
1,091,333
1,016,071
2,107,404
158,228
147,316
305,544
285,022
1,016,071
1,301,093
41,324
147,316
188,640
386,194
—
386,194
55,993
—
55,993
171,246
—
171,246
24,828
—
24,828
248,871
—
248,871
36,083
—
36,083
Payments Due by Period
As of December 31, 2022, we had operating lease liabilities amounting to RMB909.4 million (US$131.9 million), certain of
which were secured by the rental deposits and all of which were unguaranteed.
Holding Company Structure
Baozun Inc. is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations primarily through our
subsidiaries, our VIE in China. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our PRC subsidiaries. If our
existing PRC subsidiaries or any newly formed ones incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt
may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us. In addition, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China are permitted to pay
dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with their articles of association and PRC
accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, each of our subsidiaries and our consolidated VIE in China is required to set aside
at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of the
entity’s registered capital. Each of our PRC subsidiaries and our consolidated VIE may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on
PRC accounting standards to a discretionary surplus fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not
distributable as cash dividends. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned company out of China is subject to examination by
the banks designated by SAFE. As of December 31, 2022, the amount restricted, including paid-in capital and statutory reserve funds,
was RMB2,361.6 million (US$342.4 million). Our PRC subsidiaries have not paid dividends and will not be able to pay dividends until
they generate accumulated profits and meet the requirements for statutory reserve funds.
Our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, contributed an aggregate of 9.8%, 8.6% and 6.8% of our net revenues for the years ended December
31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
C. Research and Development
We devote significant resources to our research and development efforts, focusing on developing our technology infrastructure
and proprietary systems, expanding our technological footprint and enhancing the digitalization of brand partners’ retail business. We
have a Technology and Innovation Center with offices in Shanghai and Chengdu dedicated to innovating and upgrading our technologies
to reinforce our market leadership in China’s brand e-commerce solutions market. The Technology and Innovation Center focuses on
enhancing our IT capabilities and helps us shape the market by developing and deploying artificial intelligence solutions in brand e-
commerce over time and standardizing new services such as cloud-based operating platforms, big data analysis tools for brand e-
commerce, the implementation of artificial intelligence in brand e-commerce over time and the upgrade of current technology systems, in
order to serve a wider variety of brand partners and other customers with a broader array of services. In 2019, we upgraded our
technology infrastructure to a hybrid cloud model- Baozun Hybrid Cloud - to enhance our storing and computing capabilities. We have
integrated and migrated our core e-commerce systems and applications to Baozun Hybrid Cloud, which helped us better utilize cloud
computing, enhance the scalability of our business, and improve cost efficiency. We employed 691 IT professionals to design, develop
and operate our technology platform as of December 31, 2022.
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D. Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or
events for the period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues,
income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily
indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. Critical Accounting Estimates
For our critical accounting estimates, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results —
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financial guarantees or other off-balance sheet commitments to guarantee the
payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as
shareholder’s equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or
contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity, or market risk support to such entity.
We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit support to us or
engages in leasing, hedging, or product development services with us.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.
Name
Age
Position(s)/roles
and responsibilities
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu
55 Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive
Mr. Junhua Wu
Ms. Yang Liu
Mr. Satoshi Okada
Mr. Yiu Pong Chan
Ms. Bin Yu
Mr. Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia
Mr. Benjamin Changqing Ye
Mr. Arthur Yu
Officer
44 Co-founder and Director
39 Director
64 Director
50
53
59
52
42 Chief Financial Officer and President of
Independent Director
Independent Director
Independent Director
Independent Director
BEC
Mr. Peter Tao Liang
Mr. Jason Nan Xie
36 Senior Vice President
49 Vice President
Date of appointment
Chairman in December 2013 and Chief
Executive Officer in December 2013
Director in December 2013
July 2021
October 2014
May 2015
May 2015
May 2016
May 2016
Chief Financial Officer in December
2020 and President of BEC in December
2022
November 2019
December 2019
Year of
joining our
company
2007
2007
2021
2014
2015
2015
2016
2016
2020
2014
2019
Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu is our founder. Since the founding of our business in 2007, Mr. Qiu currently serves as chairman of
our board of directors and our chief executive officer. Mr. Qiu also has served as a director of several companies in which we have
invested. Prior to founding our company, Mr. Qiu participated the founding of Erry Network Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., or
Shanghai Erry, in 2000, a company specialized in providing supply chain management solutions and services to consumer brands in
China, and served as Shanghai Erry’s chief executive officer from March 2000 to January 2007. From 1993 to 2000, Mr. Qiu worked as a
technical and solution architect and held technical management positions in various multinational companies, including NCR (Shanghai)
Technology Services Ltd., China Hewlet-Packard Co., Ltd. (HP China) and Sun Microsystems (China) Limited. Mr. Qiu obtained his
bachelor’s degree in electronic engineering from Tsinghua University in July 1992 in Beijing, the PRC.
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Mr. Junhua Wu is one of our co-founders and has served as our chief operating officer from the founding of our business in
2007 to December 2017, as our chief growth officer from December 2017 to December 2022, and as our director since 2012. From
September 2001 to April 2007, Mr. Wu served as director of the professional service department at Shanghai Erry. From April 2000 to
September 2001, he worked as senior IT manager in Goodbaby International Group, an international durable juvenile products company
headquartered in China.
Ms. Yang Liu has served as a member on our board since July 2021. Ms. Liu joined Alibaba Group in September 2014 and
currently serves as a senior expert managing the consumer strategy center and partnership development center of Alibaba’s Tmall
business group. In this role, she leads the promotion of digital brand transformation across a variety of industry verticals by leveraging
Alibaba’s advanced data technologies, and promotes comprehensive Tmall ecological partnership capabilities that bring technology into
best practices. In addition, Ms. Liu created the framework of Tmall consumer strategy methodology and widely applied it to common
strategy standards. Prior to Alibaba Group, Ms. Yang Liu worked at IBM from September 2008 to September 2014 and was responsible
for implementing cross-industry CRM solutions for IBM’s global business consulting division, and she supported leading global brands
in delivering customer-centric digital transformation projects. Ms. Liu received her bachelor’s degree and master’s degree from the
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in 2006 and 2008, respectively, and received an MBA degree from the University of
Manchester in 2016.
Mr. Satoshi Okada has served as a member on our board since October 2014. Mr. Okada has also served as a director at
Alibaba.com Japan since October 2008, and a director of certain entities that are subsidiaries of Alibaba Group, and as a director of GDS
Holdings Limited, a China-based developer and operator of high-performance data centers listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market since
2014. From April 2000 to January 2005, Mr. Okada had held various management positions within the Softbank Corp. group. He also
served as director at Tsubasa Corporation from 2014 to 2022, Alibaba.com Limited from 2007 to 2012, Ariba Japan K.K., a technology
company, from January 2001 to January 2005 and DeeCorp Limited, a software company, from February 2005 to March 2006.
Mr. Yiu Pong Chan has served as our independent director since May 2015. Mr. Chan has served as a special partner of
Tumeric Capital Asia IV since April 2021. Mr. Chan served as an executive director from September 2012 to March 2014 and as a
managing director from April 2014 to June 2018, at L Catterton Asia, formerly named as L Capital Asia, a private equity fund based in
Singapore which is backed by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton S.A, a multinational luxury products company. Mr. Chan was also a
non-executive director at Dr. Wu Skincare Co., Ltd, a Taiwan-based company that provides non-surgical skincare products and solutions,
from April 2014 to June 2018, and a board observer at YG Entertainment Inc., a music and entertainment company in South Korea from
March 2015 to March 2018. Mr. Chan was a vice president and a director at Crescent Point Group from August 2006 to September 2007,
and from October 2007 to June 2011, respectively. From June 2002 to June 2006, Mr. Chan was a director of Lone Star Asia-Pacific
LTD., Taiwan Branch. Mr. Chan worked with McKinsey & Co. Inc. Hong Kong from February 1999 to June 2002. Mr. Chan holds a
master’s degree of commerce in accounting and finance with first-class honor in April 1999 and a bachelor’s degree of commerce in May
1996 from the University of Auckland.
Ms. Bin Yu has served as our independent director since May 2015. Ms. Yu served as the chief financial officer of Lingochamp
Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., an AI technology driven education company, from September 2017 to January 2020. Ms.
Yu has been a director of iDreamSky Technology Holdings Limited, a China-based digital entertainment platform operator listed on the
Hong Kong Stock Exchange, since May 2018. Ms. Yu has been an independent director of GDS Holdings Limited, a colocation,
managed hosting and managed cloud services provider primarily listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market and secondarily listed on the Hong
Kong Stock Exchange, since November 2016. Ms. Yu has been an independent director of Kuke Music Holdings Limited, a leading
provider of classical music licensing, subscription and education services in China listed on the New York Stock Exchange, since January
2021. Ms. Yu has been an independent director of ZERO2IPO HOLDINGS INC., an integrated service platform for equity investment
industry listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, since December 2020. In addition, Ms. Yu served as an independent director and the
audit committee chair of Tian Ge Interactive Holdings Limited, a live social video platform in China listed on the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange, from June 2014 to January 2021. Ms. Yu also served as chief financial officer of Innolight Technology Corporation, a high-
speed optical transceiver supplier in China, from January 2015 to May 2016 and the chief financial officer of Star China International
Media Limited, a company engaged in the entertainment TV programs business. She previously served as the chief financial officer from
2012 to 2013, and the vice president of finance from 2011 to 2012, of Youku Tudou Inc.’s predecessor, Tudou Holdings Limited. Ms. Yu
obtained a master’s degree in education and a master’s degree in accounting from the University of Toledo in the United States in August
1998 and May 1999, respectively, and an EMBA degree from Tsinghua University and INSEAD in January 2013 in Beijing, the PRC.
She was a Certified Public Accountant in the United States admitted by the Accountancy Board of Ohio.
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Mr. Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia has served as our independent director since May 2016. Mr. Hsia has been the chief executive
officer of Playnovate, Inc., an online STEAM education service provider in the U.S., since April 2020. Mr. Hsia has served as a director
of Wearnes-Starchase Limited, a Singapore-based automobile dealership group, since November 2018. From 2011 to 2013, Mr. Hsia
served as the Asia-Pacific chief operating officer of Wunderman Worldwide, LLC, a digital marketing agency under WPP, LLC, an
advertising and media holding company. Mr. Hsia co-founded and served as chief executive officer of AGENDA Corporation, a digital
marketing agency in Asia from February 1996 to 2013. Prior to AGENDA Corporation (formerly known as DeliriumCyberTouch
Corporation and CyberTouch, respectively), Mr. Hsia co-founded NextWare, an enterprise software company in Malaysia and served as
the managing director from 1991 to February 1996. Mr. Hsia received his bachelor’s degree in computer science from the University of
California, Berkeley in May 1987.
Mr. Benjamin Changqing Ye has served as our independent director since May 2016. Mr. Ye has also served as an independent
director of NWTN Inc., a mobility technology company listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, since November 2022; an independent
director of VNET Group Inc., a carrier- and cloud-neutral internet data center services provider listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, since
August 2022; an independent director of Hygeia Healthcare Holdings Co., Limited, an oncology healthcare company listed on the Hong
Kong Stock Exchange, since September 2019; an independent director of Ascentage Pharma Group International, a biotech company
listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, since June 2019; an independent director of Jinxin Fertility Group Limited, a specialized
fertility service provider listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, since June 2019; an independent director of Luzhou Bank, a
commercial bank listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since December 2018; and an independent director of Niu Technologies Inc.,
a provider of smart urban mobility solutions listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market, since October 2018. In addition, Mr. Ye has served as a
non-executive director of Panjing Harbourview Investment Fund L.L.P. since September 2019. From February 2011 to December 2015,
Mr. Ye was a managing director, the chief financial officer and a member of the investment committee of CITIC Private Equity Funds
Management Co., Ltd. From April 1993 to January 2011, Mr. Ye worked for PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he mainly focused on
M&A advisory work, and successively served as a partner in advisory department, the head of Advisory Services of Shanghai office and
the head of Transaction Services of Shanghai office of PricewaterhouseCoopers in China. Mr. Ye received his bachelor’s degree in
journalism from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in July 1992 in Wuhan, the PRC and an MBA degree from University
of Warwick in November 1999 in the United Kingdom. Mr. Ye is a qualified accountant of the Chinese Institute of Certified Public
Accountants.
Mr. Arthur Yu has served as our chief financial officer since December 2020 and president of BEC since December 2022.
Before joining us on September 1, 2020 as Vice President of Finance, Mr. Yu worked for Jaguar Land Rover Plc, where he served as
CFO Greater China and Board Supervisor of the Chery Jaguar Land Rover from 2018 to 2020. Prior to this, Mr. Yu worked for BT
Group Plc from 2009 to 2018 and held several senior leadership positions in UK and Hong Kong. His last role within BT Group was
CFO, Asia, Middle East and Africa and Chairman of BT China. During his time at BT Group, he delivered significant cashflow and
profitability improvement through an operational efficiency programme. In his earlier career, Mr. Yu worked as a management consultant
for PricewaterhouseCoopers from 2007 to 2009 and worked for Rolls-Royce Plc under its graduate leadership programme from 2004 to
2007. Mr. Yu received a BSc degree in management sciences from Warwick University in 2003 in England, an MSc degree in
management information systems from the London School of Economics in 2004 in England, and an Executive MBA degree from Judge
Business School, University of Cambridge in 2016 in England. He is currently a fellow member of the Charted Institute of Management
Accountant.
Mr. Peter Tao Liang currently serves as our senior vice president, in charge of operation of logistics and supply chain group
and operation management center. Mr. Liang rejoined us in November 2019. Mr. Liang served as our vice president, primarily
supervising our logistic and administrative departments, from January 2017 to August 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Liang held a number of
positions with us, including our logistics director from April 2014 to January 2017, our sales operation director, responsible for
coordinating the front-back operation, from January 2011 to April 2014, our sales director of fast moving consumer products from
September 2009 to January 2011, and our manager of logistic from March 2009 to September 2009.
Mr. Jason Nan Xie has served as our vice president in charge of IT engineering and management since December 2019. Prior
to joining us, Mr. Xie worked as the chief technology officer at Guangzhou Yingzi Technology Inc., a farm-to-table supply chain
technology company, from August 2018 to June 2019. From June 2014 to March 2018, Mr. Xie served as the general manager in charge
of R&D operations at Vipshop (US) Inc., a big data and artificial intelligence focused technology subsidiary affiliated to Vipshop
Holdings Limited, which is a Chinese online discount retailer listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Mr. Xie worked as a senior
product manager at eBay from January 2012 to June 2014. Mr. Xie has extensive experience in enterprise applications and consumer
internet industries. He received his bachelor’s degree in mathematics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in May 1997
and master’s degree in computer sciences from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in May 2000 in the U.S.
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B. Compensation
In 2022, we accrued aggregate fees, salaries and benefits (excluding equity-based grants) of approximately RMB20,464.3
million (US$2,967.1 million) to our directors and executive officers as a group and granted an aggregate of 2,464,284 restricted share
units to our directors and executive officers.
We have neither set aside nor accrued any amount of cash to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our officers
and directors. Our PRC subsidiaries and variable interest entity are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of
each employee’s salary for his or her retirement benefit, medical insurance benefits, housing funds, unemployment and other statutory
benefits.
The board, acting on the recommendation of our compensation committee, may determine the remuneration to be paid to non-
employee directors, being our directors other than our executive directors, namely Mr. Satoshi Okada, Ms. Yang Liu, Mr. Yiu Pong Chan,
Ms. Bin Yu, Mr. Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia and Mr. Benjamin Changqing Ye. We do not provide employee directors with any additional
remuneration for serving as directors other than their remuneration as our employees. Pursuant to our service agreements with our
directors, neither we nor our subsidiaries provide benefits to directors upon termination of employment.
Share Incentive Plans
We have adopted a number of share incentive plans since our inception. The following share incentive plans remained effective
until November 1, 2022:
● 2014 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2014 Plan; and
● 2015 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan.
We adopted the 2022 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2022 Plan, on November 1, 2022 to replace the 2014 Plan and the 2015 Plan.
The 2014 Plan, the 2015 Plan and the 2022 Plan are collectively referred to as the Share Incentive Plans.
The following summarizes, as of December 31, 2022, the options and restricted share units that we granted to our directors and
executive officers and to other individuals as a group under our Share Incentive Plans to attract and retain the best available personnel, to
provide additional incentives to selected employees, directors, and consultants and to promote the success of our business. We and our
directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who have been granted options or restricted share units will
be required to register with SAFE pursuant to applicable PRC laws. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to
Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China - Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding our employee equity incentive
plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”
2014 Plan and 2015 Plan
In January 2010, Shanghai Baozun adopted a share incentive plan, or the Shanghai Baozun Plan. On May 30, 2014, we adopted
our 2014 Plan to roll over the options granted under Shanghai Baozun Plan with the same amount, terms and vesting schedule. As of
December 31, 2022, the maximum number of shares which may be issued pursuant to all outstanding awards under the 2014 Plan was
1,887,470.
On May 5, 2015, we adopted our 2015 Plan, which was further amended in July 2016. As of December 31, 2022, the maximum
number of shares which may be issued pursuant to all outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan was 2,687,777.
On November 1, 2022, the 2014 Plan and the 2015 Plan were terminated and replaced by the 2022 Plan. The 2014 Plan and the
2015 Plan continue to govern all awards granted prior to November 1, 2022 but no new awards shall be granted under the 2014 Plan and
the 2015 Plan following November 1, 2022.
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2022 Plan
On November 1, 2022, we adopted our 2022 Plan. The maximum number of shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards
under the 2022 Plan initially as of November 1, 2022 is 17,488,424 Class A ordinary shares; provided, however, that the maximum
number of shares in respect of all awards which may be granted under the 2022 Plan shall not exceed 10% of the total number of shares
outstanding as of the date of approval of the 2022 Plan by the Shareholders. The shares which may be issued pursuant to the awards
under the 2022 Plan shall be Class A ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2022, the number of shares which may be issued pursuant to
all outstanding awards under the 2022 Plan was 6,595,577.
Key Terms of Share Incentive Plans
Types of Awards. The Share Incentive Plans permit the grant of several kinds of awards, including among others, options,
restricted shares, restricted share units and share appreciation rights.
Plan Administration. Our board of directors will administer the Share Incentive Plans, and may delegate its administrative
authority to a committee of one or more members of our board or our chief executive officer, subject to certain restrictions. Among other
things, the board of directors will designate the eligible individuals who may receive awards, and determine the types and number of
awards to be granted and terms and conditions of each award grant. The administrator of the Share Incentive Plans has the power and
discretion to cancel, forfeit or surrender an outstanding award under the Share Incentive Plans, respectively.
Award Agreements. Options and other awards granted under the Share Incentive Plans will be evidenced by a written award
agreement that sets forth the material terms and conditions for each grant.
Eligibility. We may grant awards to, among others, the employees, directors, consultants, independent contractors and agents
(the “Eligible Individuals”) rendering bona fide services to us or our affiliated or related entities designated by our board, as well as our
non-employee directors, provided that awards cannot be granted to consultants, independent contractors, agents or non-employee
directors who are resident of any country in the European Union, and any other country which pursuant to applicable laws does not allow
grants to non-employees. No Eligible Individual shall have an automatic right to be granted an award pursuant to each of the Share
Incentive Plans.
Term of the Option and Stock Appreciation Rights. The term of each option and stock appreciation right granted will not exceed
ten years, and the board of directors may extend the term subject to certain limitation under relevant applicable regulations.
Acceleration of Awards upon Corporate Transactions. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, upon or in anticipation
of a corporate transaction, accelerate awards, purchase the awards from the holder or replace the awards, subject to the relevant
applicable rules and regulations.
Vesting Schedule. Under the 2014 Plan and the 2015 Plan, the board of directors determines the vesting schedules. Under the
2022 Plan, the awards shall vest no earlier than the first anniversary of the date on which such award is granted unless otherwise
permitted under the 2022 Plan and the applicable laws and rules.
Amendment and Termination. The board of directors may at any time amend, modify or terminate the Share Incentive Plans
subject to shareholder approval to the extent required by laws and the applicable rules and regulations. Any amendment, modification or
termination of the Share Incentive Plans must not impair any rights or obligations under awards already granted without consent of the
holder of such awards. Unless terminated earlier, the Share Incentive Plans will expire and no further awards may be granted after the
tenth anniversary of the shareholders’ approval of the Share Incentive Plans, respectively.
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The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2022, the outstanding options that we granted to our directors, executive
officers, and other individuals as a group under our Share Incentive Plans.
Name
Junhua Wu
Bin Yu
Ordinary shares
Underlying
Outstanding Options
Exercise Price
(US$/Share)
1,732,674
*
0.0136; 0.0001
0.0001
Other individuals as a group
119,796
0.0136; 1.5
Date of Grant
Various dates
from August 29,
2014 to February
6, 2015
May 20, 2015
various dates
from January 30,
2010 to February
6, 2015
Date of Expiration
Various dates from
August 28, 2024 to
February 5, 2025
May 19, 2025
various dates from
January 29, 2020
to February 5,
2025
* Upon exercise of all options granted and vesting of all restricted share units, would beneficially own less than 1% of our outstanding
ordinary shares.
The following table summarizes, as of the date of December 31, 2022, the outstanding restricted share units that we granted to
our directors, executive officers, and other individuals as a group under our Share Incentive Plans.
Name
Arthur Yu
Vincent Wenbin Qiu
Junhua Wu
Peter Tao Liang
Jason Nan Xie
Bin Yu
Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia
Yiu Pong Chan
Benjamin Changqing Ye
Restricted Share Unit
1,816,800
1,025,550
460,500
*
*
*
*
*
*
Other individuals as a group
2,720,400
Date of Grant
Various dates from
September 23, 2020 to
December 2, 2022
Various dates from August
25, 2019 to August 20,
2021
Various dates from August
25, 2019 to August 20,
2022
Various dates from
February 17, 2020 to
December 2, 2022
Various dates from
February 17, 2020 to
December 2, 2022
August 20, 2022
August 20, 2022
August 20, 2022
August 20, 2022
Various dates from March
13, 2020 to December 2,
2022
Date of Expiration
Various dates from
September 22, 2030 to
December 1, 2032
Various dates from August
24, 2029 to August 19,
2031
Various dates from August
24, 2029 to August 19,
2032
Various dates from
February 16, 2030 to
December 1, 2032
Various dates from
February 16, 2030 to
December 1, 2032
August 19, 2031
August 19, 2031
August 19, 2031
August 19, 2031
Various dates from March
12, 2030 to December 1,
2032
* Upon exercise of all options granted and vesting of all restricted share units, would beneficially own less than 1% of our outstanding
ordinary shares.
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C. Board Practices
Board of Directors
Our board of directors consists of eight directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company by way of
qualification. A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with us is required
to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of our directors. A general notice given to the directors by any director to the effect that
he is a member, shareholder, director, partner, officer or employee of any specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in
any contract or transaction with that company or firm shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of interest for the purposes of voting on a
resolution in respect to a contract or transaction in which he has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give
special notice relating to any particular transaction. Subject to the respective rules of Nasdaq and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the
following paragraph, a director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement notwithstanding that he may be
interested therein and if he does so his vote shall be counted and he may be counted in the quorum at any meeting of the directors at
which any such contract or proposed contract or arrangement is considered. A director shall not be entitled to vote on (nor shall be
counted in the quorum in relation to any resolution of the board in respect of any contract or arrangement or any other proposal
whatsoever in connection with our VIE (as defined in our articles of association) and in which he has any material interest conflicting
with that of us, and if he shall do so his vote shall not be counted (nor is he to be counted in the quorum for the resolution). If any
question shall arise at any meeting of the board as to the materiality of a director’s interest or as to the entitlement of any director to vote
or form part of the quorum and such question is not resolved by his voluntarily agreeing to abstain from voting or not be counted in the
quorum, such question shall be referred to the directors at the meeting who are not similarly interested, and their ruling shall be final and
conclusive.
The directors may exercise all the powers of us to borrow money, mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled
capital or any part thereof, and to issue debentures, debenture stock or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for
any debt, liability or obligation of us or of any third party. None of our directors has a service contract with us that provides for benefits
upon termination of service.
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best
interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill they
actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling
their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as may be amended and
restated from time to time. Our company has a right to seek damages against any director who breaches a duty owed to us.
Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors. Our directors are not subject to a term of
office and hold office until their resignation, death or incapacity or until their respective successors have been elected and qualified in
accordance with our articles of association. A director will be removed from office automatically if the director (i) dies, becomes
bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors, (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind, (iii) resigns his
office by notice in writing to us, (iv) without special leave of absence from the board of directors, is absent from three consecutive
meetings of the board of directors and the board of directors resolves that his office be vacated, or (v) if he shall be removed from office
pursuant to our memorandum and articles of association or the Companies Act.
Committee of the Board of Directors
We established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating
and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees.
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Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Ms. Bin Yu, Mr. Yiu Pong Chan and Mr. Benjamin Changqing Ye. Ms. Bin
Yu is the chairman of our audit committee. Ms. Bin Yu is the audit committee financial expert under the applicable rules of the SEC. We
have determined that Ms. Bin Yu, Mr. Yiu Pong Chan and Mr. Benjamin Changqing Ye satisfy the “independence” requirements of the
Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial
reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other
things:
● selecting our independent registered public accounting firm and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services
permitted to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm;
● reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management’s
response;
● reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the
Securities Act;
● discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and our independent registered public accounting
firm;
● annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
● meeting separately and periodically with management and our independent registered public accounting firms;
● reporting regularly to the full board of directors; and
● such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time.
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Mr. Yiu Pong Chan, Mr. Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia and
Ms. Bin Yu. Mr. Yiu Pong Chan is the chairman of our compensation committee. We have determined that Mr. Yiu Pong Chan, Mr. Steve
Hsien-Chieng Hsia and Ms. Bin Yu satisfy the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. The compensation
committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our
directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation
is deliberated.
The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
● reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our four most senior
executives;
● approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the four most senior executives;
● reviewing and making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to the compensation of our directors; and
● reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar
arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Mr. Steve
Hsien-Chieng Hsia, Mr. Yiu Pong Chan and Ms. Bin Yu. Mr. Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia is the chairperson of our nominating and
corporate governance committee. We have determined that Mr. Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia, Mr. Yiu Pong Chan and Ms. Bin Yu satisfy the
“independence” requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board
of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its
committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:
● identifying and recommending nominees for election or re-election to our board of directors, or for appointment to fill any
vacancy;
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● reviewing annually with our board of directors its current composition in light of the characteristics of independence, age,
skills, experience and availability of service to us;
● identifying and recommending to our board the directors to serve as members of committees;
● advising the board periodically with respect to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as
well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to our board of directors on all
matters of corporate governance and on any corrective action to be taken; and
● monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness
of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.
Board Diversity
Board Diversity Matrix (As of March 31, 2023)
Country of Principal Executive Offices:
Foreign Private Issuer
Disclosure Prohibited Under Home Country Law
Total Number of Directors
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors
Part II: Demographic Background
Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction
LGBTQ+
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background
Duties of Directors
People’s Republic of China
Yes
No
8
Female
Male
Non-
Binary
Did Not
Disclose
Gender
2
6
0
0
1
0
0
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best
interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill they
actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling
their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as may be amended and
restated from time to time. Our company has a right to seek damages against any director who breaches a duty owed to us.
Terms of Directors and Officers
Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors. Each of the directors has entered into a
director agreement with the company for a term of three years, which may be terminated by prior notice in writing served by either party
on the other. A director will be removed from office automatically if the director (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or
composition with his creditors, (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind, (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to us,
(iv) without special leave of absence from the board of directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the board of directors and
the board of directors resolves that his office be vacated, or (v) if he shall be removed from office pursuant to our memorandum and
articles of association or the Companies Act.
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Employment Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Under these agreements, each of our
executive officers is employed for a three-year period. We may terminate an executive officer’s employment for cause, at any time,
without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the officer, including serious or persistent breach or non-observance of the
employment terms or a conviction of a criminal offense. An executive officer may terminate his/her employment at any time with one-
month prior written notice. Furthermore, we may terminate the employment at any time without cause upon advance written notice and
certain amount of compensation payment.
Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the employment agreement expires or is earlier terminated, in
strict confidence and not to use, except for our benefit, any confidential information of our company. In addition, the majority of our
executive officers have agreed to be bound by non-competition restrictions which are set forth in his or her employment agreement.
Indemnification
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for
indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be
contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.
Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for
losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in or about their conduct of our business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake or
judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions unless such losses or damages arise from
dishonesty, fraud or wilful default of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the
Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we have entered into, indemnification agreements with our
directors and senior executive officers that will provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our sixth
amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. Pursuant to the indemnification agreements, we agree to hold harmless
and indemnify our directors and officers against all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf, in connection with any proceedings which the indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a
party, including, without limitation, all liability arising out of the negligence or passive wrongdoing of the indemnitee, except that we
shall not be obligated to make any payment to the indemnitee that is finally determined to be unlawful or as specified in the
indemnification agreements.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons
controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
D. Employees
As of December 31, 2022, we had 7,588 full-time employees, including 1,266 full-time employees from the acquired business
entities in 2022. We had a total of 6,076 and 8,821 full-time employees as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. We had a total
of 762, 794 and 691 information technology staff as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in our employees
was primarily due to our disposal of a loss-making subsidiary of our warehouse and supply chain businesses in the third quarter of 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, approximately 70% of our information technology staff had bachelor’s or higher degrees. We have
streamlined our R&D team to improve efficiency. The following table provides a breakdown of our employees as of December 31, 2022
by function:
Function
Front-end(1)
Warehouse and Logistics
Information technology
Back-end(2)
Total
Number
5,405
1,209
691
283
7,588
(1) Front-end functions include store management and operations, customer service, business development, design and digital
marketing.
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(2) Back-end functions include administration, finance, legal, internal audit and sales operation team.
Our success depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel. Our senior management team consists of
members that possess overseas or top-tier educational backgrounds, strong IT capabilities, deep industry knowledge and working
experience with brand partners. In addition, our brand management team comprises personnel who connect well culturally with brands.
We have developed a corporate culture that encourages teamwork, effectiveness, self-development and commitment to providing our
brand partners with superior services.
We invest significant resources in the recruitment of employees in support of our fast-growing business operations. We have
established procedures and selective standards in recruiting capable employees through various channels, including internal referral, job
boards, on campus interviews, job fairs and recruiting agents.
We have established comprehensive training programs, including orientation programs and on-the-job training, to enhance
performance and service quality. Our orientation program covers such topics as our corporate culture, business ethics, e-commerce
workflows and services. Our on-the-job training includes training of business English and business presentation, management training
camp for junior managers and customer service agent career development programs. In 2014, we set up a special dedicated training
facility, Baozun College, to further strengthen our internal training programs.
As required by regulations in China, we participate in various government statutory employee benefit plans, including social
insurance funds, namely a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury
insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund. We are required under PRC law to contribute to employee
benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees up to a maximum amount
specified by the local government from time to time. See “Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business
in the People’s Republic of China - Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by the PRC
regulations may subject us to penalties.”
We enter into standard labor contracts with our employees. We also enter into standard confidentiality and non-compete
agreements with our senior management. The non-compete restricted period typically expires two years after the termination of
employment, and we agree to compensate the employee with a certain percentage of his or her pre-departure salary during the restricted
period.
We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor
disputes.
E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares, as of March 31, 2023,
by:
● each of our directors and executive officers; and
● each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares.
The calculations in the table below assume there are 177,941,955 ordinary shares (including 164,641,217 Class A ordinary
shares, excluding the 0 Class A ordinary shares issued to our depositary bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances
upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under our share incentive plans and the shares repurchased by us from the open market
under our share repurchase program, and 13,300,738 Class B ordinary shares) outstanding as of March 31, 2023.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares
beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to
acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These
shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.
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Except as otherwise noted, the address of each person listed in the following table is c/o Baozun Inc., No. 1-9, Lane 510, West
Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, the People’s Republic of China.
Name
Directors and Executive Officers:
Vincent Wenbin Qiu (1)
Junhua Wu (2)
Yang Liu (3)
Satoshi Okada (4)
Yiu Pong Chan
Bin Yu (5)
Steve Hsien-Chieng Hsia (6)
Benjamin Changqing Ye (7)
Arthur Yu (8)
Peter Tao Liang (9)
Jason Nan Xie (10)
All our Directors and Executive Officers as a group (11)
Principal Shareholders:
Alibaba Investment Limited (12)
Jesvinco Holdings Limited (13)
Casvendino Holdings Limited (14)
* Less than 1%
Ordinary Shares Beneficially
Owned as of March 31, 2023
Class B
ordinary
shares
Percentage Percentage
of aggregate
voting
power**
of total
ordinary
shares
Class A
ordinary
shares
2,826,092
2,405,709
26,469,422
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
32,344,062
9,410,369
3,890,369
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13,300,738
26,469,422
10
2,358,957
—
9,410,369
3,890,369
6.8 %
3.5 %
14.9 %
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
25.0 %
14.9 %
5.3 %
3.5 %
32.4 %
13.8 %
8.9 %
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
54.6 %
8.9 %
31.6 %
13.8 %
** For each person and group included in this column, percentage of voting power is calculated by dividing the voting power
beneficially owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares as a
single class. Each holder of Class A ordinary shares is entitled to one vote per share and each holder of our Class B ordinary shares is
entitled to 10 votes per share on all matters submitted to them for a vote. Our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares vote
together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. Our Class B
ordinary shares are convertible at any time by the holder thereof into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis.
(1) Represents ten Class A ordinary shares and 9,410,369 Class B ordinary shares held by Jesvinco Holdings Limited, a company
incorporated in British Virgin Islands wholly owned by Mr. Qiu, 850,507 Class A ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Vincent
Wenbin Qiu, and 1,975,575 Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023
held by Mr. Qiu.
(2) Represents 3,890,369 Class B ordinary shares held by Casvendino Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin
Islands wholly owned by Mr. Wu, 405 Class A ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Wu, and 1,732,674 Class A ordinary
shares issuable upon exercise of options within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Casvendino Holdings Limited, and 46,347 and
626,283 Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Mr. Wu
and Casvendino Holdings Limited, respectively.
(3) Represents 26,469,422 Class A ordinary shares held by Alibaba Investment Limited, a company wholly owned by Alibaba Group
Holding Limited. The business address for Ms. Liu is No. 969 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Ms. Liu
disclaims beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares held by Alibaba Investment Limited.
(4) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Mr.
Okada.
(5) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options and vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March
31, 2023 held by Ms. Yu.
(6) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units and in the form of ADS held by Mr. Hsia.
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(7) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Mr. Ye.
(8) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Mr. Yu.
(9) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Mr.
Liang.
(10) Represents Class A ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Mr.
Xie.
(11) Represents Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares held by all of our directors and executive officers as a group and
ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options and vesting of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by all
of our directors and executive officers as a group.
(12) Represents 26,469,422 Class A ordinary shares held by Alibaba Investment Limited. Alibaba Investment Limited is a limited
liability company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, and is wholly owned by Alibaba Group Holding
Limited. Alibaba Group Holding Limited is a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange. The registered address for Alibaba Investment Limited is Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road
Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands.
(13) Represents ten Class A ordinary shares and 9,410,369 Class B ordinary shares held by Jesvinco Holdings Limited, a company
incorporated in British Virgin Islands wholly owned by Mr. Qiu. The registered address for Jesvinco Holdings Limited is ICS
Corporate Services (BVI) Limited, Sea Meadow House, P.O. Box 116, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
(14) Represents 3,890,369 Class B ordinary shares and 2,358,957 Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options and vesting
of restricted share units within 60 days of March 31, 2023 held by Casvendino Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in British
Virgin Islands wholly owned by Mr. Wu. The registered address for Casvendino Holdings Limited is ICS Corporate Services (BVI)
Limited, Sea Meadow House, P.O. Box 116, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
To our knowledge, as of March 31, 2023, a total of 112,963,989 (including 0 Class A ordinary shares issued to our depositary
bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under our share incentive
plans and the shares repurchased by us from the open market under our share repurchase program) Class A ordinary shares are held by
one record holder in the United States, i.e., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the depositary of our ADS program. The number of beneficial
owners of our ADSs in the United States is likely to be much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary shares in the
United States. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
For options and restricted share units granted to our officers, directors and employees, see “ — B. Compensation — Share
Incentive Plans.”
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — E. Share Ownership.”
B. Related Party Transactions
Contractual Arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and Its Shareholders
We operate our relevant business through contractual arrangements between our wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Baozun,
and our VIE, Shanghai Zunyi, and the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4.
Information on the Company — C. Organizational Structure — Contractual Arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi and Its Shareholders.”
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Transactions and Agreements with Alibaba, Cainiao and AJ (Hangzhou) Network Technology Company Limited
For official marketplace stores on Tmall operated by us, Tmall provides a wide range of services including platform support,
pay-for-performance marketing, and display marketing services. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred service fees of RMB671.5 million,
RMB752.8 million and RMB746.9 million (US$108.3 million), respectively. We incurred commission fees of RMB624.9 thousand,
RMB282.9 thousand and RMB nil thousand (US$ nil thousand) to, and generated services revenue of RMB21.4 million, RMB12.3
million RMB7.5 million (US$1.1 million) from, AJ (Hangzhou) Network Technology Company Limited, or AJ, a subsidiary of Alibaba
Group, in 2020,2021 and 2022, respectively. Alibaba Group is one of our major shareholders. See “ — Major Shareholders.” For the
nature of the services rendered by AJ to us, see “ — Transactions with Ahead (Shanghai) Trade Co., Ltd. and AJ (Hangzhou) Network
Technology Company Limited” below.
On September 30, 2021, Baozun and Baotong entered into a share purchase and subscription agreement with Cainiao, a
consolidated subsidiary of Alibaba Group, pursuant to which Cainiao made 30% equity investment in Baotong at a consideration of
US$217.9 million. On the same day, Baozun, Baotong and Cainiao entered into a business cooperation agreement aiming to further
explore and develop fulfillment and e-commerce opportunities. On October 29, 2021, Baozun, Baotong and Cainiao entered into a
shareholders agreement which provides for certain special rights for the shareholders of Baotong. In addition, pursuant to the
shareholders agreement, for a period of six months (or such longer period as Baozun and Cainiao may agree) starting from July 29, 2023,
Cainiao has the call option to acquire additional shares so that it will own in an aggregate of 60% equity interest of Baotong, according to
terms and conditions set forth under the shareholders agreement. In addition, if certain triggering events occur, Cainiao has the right to
require Baozun to redeem its shares at a price equal to the initial investment plus an internal rate of return of 6% per annum.
In 2021, we received logistic services from Cainiao and provide warehousing service to Cainiao and AJ. Cainiao and AJ have
been consolidated within the Alibaba Group since October 2017 and August 2019, respectively, and therefore have become our related
parties. We incurred logistic service fee of RMB89.0 million, RMB72.5 million RMB47.6 million (US$6.9 million) to Alibaba Group
and generated warehousing services revenue of RMB1.3 million, RMB32.8 thousand and RMB34.6 million (US$5.0 million) in 2020,
2021 and 2022, respectively, after Cainiao and AJ became our related parties.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due from Alibaba Group were RMB38.4 million (US$5.6 million), representing receivables
to be collected from Alibaba Group for store operation services and warehousing services provided by us and deposits paid.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Alibaba Group were RMB21.3 million (US$3.1 million), mainly representing
payable for the commission services provided by AJ, a subsidiary of Alibaba Group and logistics, marketing and platform services fees
to be paid to Alibaba Group by us.
Transactions with Ahead (Shanghai) Trade Co., Ltd. and AJ (Hangzhou) Network Technology Company Limited
In October 2014, Ahead (Shanghai) Trade Co., Ltd., or Ahead, a subsidiary of Softbank Corp, became our related party when
we issued Series D Shares to Tsubasa Corporation, a subsidiary of Softbank. Tsubasa Corporation is one of our major shareholders. See “
— Major Shareholders.” Ahead helps us develop our brand e-commerce solutions business in Japan by referring potential Japanese brand
partners to us. In return, we pay Ahead, as a commission fee, a portion of revenues we derive from brand partners introduced to us by
Ahead. In addition, Ahead has engaged us to provide brand e-commerce solutions and services to their own brand clients. In 2020, 2021
and 2022, after it had become one of our related parties, we incurred commission fees of nil, nil and nil to and generated services revenue
of nil, nil and nil from Ahead, respectively.
Since August 2019, pursuant to the amended agreement among us, Ahead, and AJ, all transactions and balances with Ahead
have been transferred to AJ, which became our related party as a subsidiary of Alibaba. For the amount of commission fees and service
fees we paid to AJ, see “ — Transactions and agreements with Alibaba, Cainiao and AJ (Hangzhou) Network Technology Company
Limited.”
Transactions with Beijing Pengtai Baozun E-commerce Co., Ltd.
In January 2018, Pengtai Baozun, became our related party as an e-commerce joint venture. We have provided IT services to
Pengtai Baozun since 2019. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we generated services revenue of RMB4.3 million, RMB2.1 million and nil from
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Pengtai Baozun. We have provided store operation service to Pengtai and generated services revenue of RMB5.0 million (US$0.7
million).
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due from Pengtai Baozun were RMB2.0 million.
Transactions with Shanghai Misako E-commerce Limited
In October 2018, Shanghai Misako E-commerce Limited, or Misako, became our related party as an e-commerce joint venture.
We provide store operation services to Misako. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we generated services revenue of nil, nil and nil from Misako,
respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due from Misako were nil.
Transactions with Hangzhou Juxi Technology Co., Ltd.
In June 2019, Hangzhou Juxi Technology Co., Ltd., or Juxi, became our related party as an e-commerce joint venture. We
receive outsourcing labor service, including customer services, from Juxi. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred outsourcing labor cost of
RMB18.0 million, RMB15.2 million and RMB6.4 million (US$0.9 million) to Juxi, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Juxi were RMB1.5 million (US$0.2 thousand), representing outsourcing labor cost to
be paid to Juxi by us.
Transactions with Jiangsu Shanggao Supply Chain Co., Ltd.
In December 2019, Jiangsu Shanggao Supply Chain Co., Ltd., or Shanggao, became our related party as an e-commerce joint
venture. We receive logistics services from Shanggao. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred logistics service fees of RMB5.8 million,
RMB0.3 million and nil, respectively, to Shanggao.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Shanggao were RMB500 thousand (US$72.5 thousand), representing logistics
service fees to be paid to Shanggao by us.
Transactions with Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
In January 2020, Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd., or Signify Investment, became our related party as an e-commerce joint
venture. We provide store operation services, warehousing services and IT services to Signify Investment, and generated service revenue
of RMB29.2 million, RMB9.0 million and RMB6.7 million (US$1.0 million) from Signify Investment in 2020, 2021 and 2022,
respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, the amounts due from Signify Investment were RMB3.6 million (US$0.5 million), representing store
operation services fees to be paid by Signify Investment to us.
Transactions with Shanghai Kewei E-Commerce Co., Ltd.
In June 2020, Shanghai Kewei E-commerce Co., Ltd., or Kewei, became our related party as an e-commerce joint venture. We
provide store operation services to Kewei, and generated service revenue of RMB3.7 million and RMB1.6 million and RMB0.9 million
(US$0.1 million) from Kewei in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
Kewei also provides marketing and platform services to us. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred marketing and platform
service fees in an amount of RMB2.1 million and RMB27.0 million and RMB52.8 million (US$7.7 million) to Kewei, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, the amounts due from Kewei were 5.6 million (US$0.8 million).
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Transactions with Zunrui (Nantong) E-commerce Co., Ltd.
In August 2020, Zunrui (Nantong) E-commerce Co., Ltd., or Zunrui, became our related party as an e-commerce joint venture.
We receive outsourcing labor service, including customer services, from Zunrui. In 2020 and 2021, we incurred outsourcing labor cost of
RMB4.0 million and RMB10.3 million (US$1.6 million), respectively.
Zunrui was acquired by us in June 2021.
Transactions with Hangzhou Baichen Technology Co., Ltd.
In September 2020, Hangzhou Baichen Technology Co., Ltd., or Baichen, became our related party as an associate. Baichen
provides marketing and platform services to us. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred marketing and platform service fees in an amount
of RMB3.8 million, RMB6.2 million and RMB0.7 million (US$0.1 million) to Baichen, respectively. We provide store operation services
to Baichen, and generated service revenue of nil and nil and RMB20 thousand (US$2.9 thousand) from Baichen in 2020, 2021 and 2022,
respectively.
Transactions with Hunan Leier Media Co., Ltd.
In March 2021, Hunan Leier Media Co., Ltd., or Leier, became our related party as an associate. Leier provides marketing and
platform services to us. In 2021 and 2022, we incurred marketing and platform service fees in an amount of RMB466 thousand and
RMB271 thousand (US$39.3 thousand) to Leier.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Leier were nil. The amounts due from Leier were RMB6.3 million (US$0.9 million).
Transactions with Hangzhou Dajing Guangtong Network Technology Co., Ltd.
In May 2021, Hangzhou Dajing Guangtong Network Technology Co., Ltd., or Dajing, became our related party as an associate.
Dajing provides marketing and platform services to us. In 2021 and 2022, we incurred marketing and platform service fees in an amount
of RMB665 thousand and RMB250 thousand (US$36.2 thousand) to Dajing.
Transactions with Jiangsu Creaway Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.
In June 2021, Jiangsu Creaway Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd., or Creaway Group, became our related party as it is the
non-controlling shareholder of Baoleantone. Creaway Group collected logistics service revenues and advanced logistics service fees for
Baoleantone of RMB68.6 million (US$10.8 million) and RMB57.9 million (US$9.1 million) in 2021, and RMB64.6 million (US$9.4
million) and RMB13.4 million (US$1.9 million) in 2022. Creaway Group provided logistics services and received logistics services to
and from Baoleantone of RMB2.3 million (US$0.4 million) and RMB2.2 million (US$0.4 million) in 2021, respectively, and RMB2.2
million (US$0.3 million) and RMB4.3 million (US$0.6 million) in 2022, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Creaway Group were RMB2.9 million (US$0.4 million), mainly representing logistic
service expenses advanced by Creaway Group, and amounts due from Creaway Group were RMB6.9 million (US$1.0 million), mainly
representing logistic service fees collected by Creaway Group.
Transactions with Baobida IOT Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd
In July 2022, Baobida IOT Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd , or “Baobida,” became our related party as an associate. We provided
warehousing service to Baobida and generated service revenue of nil, nil and RMB 461.4 thousand(US$ 66.9 thousand) in 2020, 2021,
2022, respectively. Baobida provided logistic service to us. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred logistic service fees in an amount of nil,
nil and RMB8.2 million (US$1.2 million) to Baobida, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Baobida were RMB4.2 million (US$0.6 million), mainly representing logistic service
expenses to be paid to Baobida, and amounts due from Baobida were RMB19.1 million (US$2.8 million), mainly representing loans to
Baobida.
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Transactions with Shanghai Mansen Brand Management Co., Ltd
In January 2022, Shanghai Mansen Brand Management Co., Ltd, became our related party as an associate. We provided store
operation service and warehousing service to Mansen and generated service revenue of RMB 1.4 million(US$ 0.2 million) and RMB5
thousand(US$0.7 thousand) in 2022, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due from Mansen were RMB1.5 million (US$0.2 million), mainly representing store
operation service and warehousing service fees collected by Mansen.
Transactions with Changsha Benwei Fresh Food Brand Management Co., Ltd
In December 2021, Changsha Benwei Fresh Food Brand Management Co., Ltd, became our related party as an associate. We
provided store operation service to Benwei and generated service revenue of RMB 6.3 million(US$ 0.9 million) in 2022. Benwei
provided marketing and platform service to us. In 2022, we incurred marketing and platform service fees in an amount of RMB0.7
million (US$0.1 million) to Benwei.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due to Benwei were RMB2 thousand (US$0.3 thousand), mainly representing marketing
and platform service expenses to be paid to Benwei, and amounts due from Benwei were RMB6.6 million (US$1.0 million), mainly
representing store operation service fees collected by Benwei.
Transactions with Aoxue Culture Communication (Beijing) Co., Ltd
In September 2021, Aoxue Culture Communication (Beijing) Co., Ltd, became our related party as an associate. We provided
store operation service to Aoxue and generated service revenue of RMB 3.2 million(US$ 0.5 million) in 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due from Aoxue were RMB3.2 million (US$0.5 million), mainly representing store
operation service fees collected by Aoxue.
Transactions with Laifeng Brand Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
In September 2021, Laifeng Brand Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., became our related party as an associate. We provided
store operation service to Laifeng and generated service revenue of RMB 0.8 million(US$ 0.1 million) in 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, amounts due from Laifeng were RMB61 thousand (US$8.8 thousand), mainly representing store
operation service fees collected by Laifeng.
The balances with the related parties as of December 31, 2022 as disclosed above are all trade in nature.
Transactions with Tsubasa Corporation
In 2021, we repurchased 19,042,105 Class A ordinary shares from Tsubasa Corporation, one of our shareholders and a company
wholly owned by Softbank Corp, at an aggregate purchase price of approximately US$105.0 million in privately negotiated transactions.
We did not incur any related party transaction with Tsubasa Corporation in 2022.
Employment Agreements
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — C. Board Practices — Employment Agreements.”
Share Incentive Plan
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees —B. Compensation— Share Incentive Plans.”
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C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Financial Statements
Please see “Item 18. Financial Statements.” Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, no significant changes have
occurred since the date of our annual financial statements.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our
business.
On December 10, 2019 and December 26, 2019, purported securities class action complaints were filed in the United States
District Court for the Southern District of New York against us, our chief executive officer and our then chief financial officer. These
suits, which are captioned Snyder, et. Al. v. Baozun Inc. et. Al. (Case No.: 1: 19 cv-11290) and AUS, et. Al. v. Baozun Inc., et. Al. (Case
No.: 1: 19 cv-11812), allege, among other things, that defendants made materially false and misleading statements, or failed to disclose
material facts, regarding the termination of our business relationship with a Chinese electronics brand. The various suits assert claims
covering the period from March 6, 2019 through November 20, 2019 and seek compensatory damages, costs and expenses incurred in
such actions, as well as equitable or other relief. On September 8, 2020, the court appointed the lead plaintiffs and the lead counsel and
consolidated the separate actions into a consolidated action. On November 6, 2020, the lead counsel filed a notice of voluntary dismissal
with the court stating that the consolidated action is voluntarily dismissed against all defendants, without prejudice, and with each party
agreeing to bear their own costs. On November 11, 2020, the court signed the notice of voluntary dismissal, thereby adopting it as an
order of the court. The issuance of this order resulted in the dismissal of the consolidated action.
In September 2021, one of our subsidiaries, Baozun Hong Kong Holding Limited, initiated an arbitration proceeding against a
distributor in the health care and cosmetics industry for payment default, seeking to recover US$22.2 million accounts receivable for the
products procured by this distributor, plus accrued interest and reimbursements of arbitration fees. As of the date of this annual report,
the arbitration proceeding is still ongoing. There is no certainty that the arbitration tribunal will rule in our favor, and even if it does rule
in our favor, there is no guarantee that we will be able to fully recover the amount owed. In 2021, we provided an allowance of RMB93.3
million (US$14.6 million) of accounts receivable in connection with the default of this distributor, and did not make additional allowance
in 2022.
Except for the arbitration proceeding described above, we are not currently a party to, nor are we aware of, any other legal
proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition or results of operations.
Dividend Policy
Our board of directors has complete discretion on whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman
Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount
recommended by our board of directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit
or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to
pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form,
frequency and amount will depend upon various factors, including our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus,
general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant.
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We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend
to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. See “Item 3. Key Information
— D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs — Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable
future, holders of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares must rely on price appreciation of our ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares
for return on their investment.”
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely principally on dividends from our subsidiaries in China
for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. Dividends distributed by Shanghai Baozun, our
major PRC subsidiary, to us are subject to PRC taxes. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only
out of their accumulated distributable after-tax profits, if any, determined in accordance with their respective articles of association and
Chinese accounting standards and regulations. “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the
People’s Republic of China — We may rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal
operating subsidiaries to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.”
If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our Class A ordinary shares, subject to
the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our Class A ordinary shares,
if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
B. Significant Changes
Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our
audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offer and Listing Details
Our ADSs have been quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “BZUN” since May 21, 2015. Each ADS
represents three Class A ordinary shares. In December 2016, we completed a follow-on public offering of our ADSs, in which we issued
and sold an aggregate of 9,000,000 Class A ordinary shares represented by 3,000,000 ADSs and certain selling shareholders sold
3,000,000 ADSs at US$12.25 per ADS.
In April 2019, we completed an offering of US$225 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes, and the sale of an
additional US$50 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes pursuant to the exercise by the initial purchasers in full of an
option to purchase additional Notes, pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We received
net proceeds from the Notes Offering of approximately US$269.0 million. Concurrently with the Notes Offering, we also completed an
offering of 4,230,776 ADSs, as we entered into the ADS lending agreements with the ADS Borrowers that are affiliates of the initial
purchasers in the Notes Offering, pursuant to which we lent, in total, 4,230,776 ADSs to the ADS Borrowers. We did not receive any
proceeds from the sale of the initial Borrowed ADSs, but received a nominal lending fee from the ADS Borrowers.
In September 2020, we completed a global offering of 40,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, which began trading on the Main
Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on September 29, 2020 under the stock code “9991” as a secondary listed issuer. The gross
proceeds to us from the global offering, before deducting underwriting fees and the offering expenses, was approximately HK$3,316.0
million (US$425.2 million). On October 23, 2020, the underwriters partially exercised the over-allotment option in respect of an
aggregate of 3,833,700 Class A ordinary shares. We received total net proceeds of approximately HK$3,511.4 million (US$450.2
million) after deducting offering expenses payable by us in relation to the global offering and the exercise of the over-allotment option.
On November 1, 2022, we voluntarily converted our secondary listing status to primary listing status.
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ADSs are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market since May 21, 2015 under the symbol “BZUN.” Our Class A ordinary
shares have been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since September 29, 2020 under the stock code “9991.”
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D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Company Objects and Purposes
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as
amended and restated from time to time, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which is referred to below as the
Companies Act, and the common law of the Cayman Islands. A Cayman Islands exempted company is a company that conducts its
business outside of the Cayman Islands, is exempted from certain requirements of the Companies Act, including a filing of an annual
return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies, does not have to make its register of shareholders open to inspection and may
obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation.
According to our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the objects for which we are established
are unrestricted and we have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Companies Act or as the same may be
revised from time to time, or any other law of the Cayman Islands.
The following are summaries of material terms and provisions of our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of
association and the Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. These summaries are not complete,
and you should read the forms of our memorandum and articles of association, which was filed as exhibits to our registration statement
on Form F-1.
The holders of ADSs will not be treated as our shareholders and will be required to surrender their ADSs for cancellation and
withdrawal from the depositary facility in which the Class A ordinary shares are held and to become the registered holder of such shares
in order to exercise shareholders’ rights in respect of the Class A ordinary shares. The depositary will agree, so far as it is practical, to
vote or cause to be voted the amount of Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs in accordance with the non-discretionary written
instructions of the holder of such ADSs.
Registered Office
Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Vistra (Cayman) Limited, at P.O. Box 31119, Grand
Pavilion, Hibiscus Way, 802 West Bay Road, Grand Cayman, KY1-1205, Cayman Islands.
Board of Directors
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — C. Board Practices.”
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Ordinary Shares
As of the date of this annual report, our authorized share capital is US$50,000 divided into 500,000,000 shares comprising of
470,000,000 Class A ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each and 30,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of
US$0.0001 each.
General. All of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The ordinary shares are issued in
registered form and each shareholder is entitled to a share certificate in respect of its shares. Our shareholders who are non-residents of
the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.
Ordinary Shares. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of our
Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares will have the same rights except for voting rights and conversion rights.
Conversion. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class
A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or
disposition of beneficial ownership of any Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof or a beneficial owner of such Class B ordinary
shares to any person or entity that is not an Affiliate (as defined in the sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of
association) of such holder or the beneficial owner, such Class B ordinary shares will be automatically and immediately converted into an
equal number of Class A ordinary shares.
Dividends. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject
to the Companies Act and to our sixth amended and restated articles of association. In addition, our shareholders may declare dividends
by ordinary resolution, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by our directors.
Our sixth amended and restated articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of the funds of our
company lawfully available therefor. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or
share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to
pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
Voting Rights. Our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted
to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. In respect of matters requiring shareholders’ vote, on a poll
each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes. At any general meeting a
resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided by a show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the
chairman of such meeting or any shareholder present in person or by proxy with a right to attend and vote at the meeting.
A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy or,
if a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative, who hold in aggregate not less than one-tenth of the
votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company and are entitled to vote. An annual general meeting shall be held in
each year. Extraordinary general meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors or upon a request to the directors by
shareholders holding in the aggregate not less than one-tenth of our voting share capital, on a one vote per share basis. Advance notice of
at least 21 calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and advance notice of at least 14 calendar days is
required for the convening of any other shareholders’ meetings.
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An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching
to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution, in respect of (i) any amendment to our memorandum and
articles of association, or (ii) the voluntary liquidation or winding up of the Company, requires the affirmative vote of not less than three-
fourths of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast at a general meeting, and in respect of any other matter that requires a special
resolutions, requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting.
A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect certain
changes by ordinary resolution, including increasing the amount of our authorized share capital, consolidating and dividing all or any of
our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing share capital, and cancelling any unissued shares.
Transfer of Shares. Subject to the restrictions of our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association set out
below, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual
or ordinary form or any other form approved by our board.
Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up
or on which we have a lien. Our directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless (a) the instrument of
transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the share certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our
board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; (b) the instrument of transfer is in
respect of only one class of ordinary shares; (c) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; (d) in the case of a transfer to
joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; (e) the shares concerned
are free of any lien in favor of us; or (f) a fee of such maximum sum as The Nasdaq Stock Market or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
may determine to be payable, or such lesser sum as our board of directors may from time to time require, is paid to us in respect thereof.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was
lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, on notice being given by
advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended at such times and for such periods as our board of
directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register
closed for more than 30 days in any year. Our board of directors may also close our register of members for transfers for determining
who is a shareholder for certain purposes for a period not to exceed 30 days at a time.
Liquidation. On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of shares),
assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares shall be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares on a
pro rata basis. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so
that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them. If our assets available for
distribution shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall
be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up
subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to us for unpaid calls or
otherwise.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any
amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 calendar days prior to the specified time and place of
payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares. Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, we may issue shares on
terms that are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner, including out of
capital, as may be determined by our board of directors, before the issue of such shares, or by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Our company may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our
board of directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, or are otherwise authorized by our memorandum and articles of
association. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or share
premium account or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of
capital (including in certain circumstances capital redemption reserve) if the company can in the case of payment out of the share
premium account or capital, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In
addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or
repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company
may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.
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Variations of Rights of Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of
the Companies Act, be varied either with the written consent of the holders of three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the
sanction of a resolution passed by the holders of a majority of not less than three-fourths of the shares of that class present and voting at a
general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class shall not, unless
otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further
shares ranking in priority to or pari passu therewith.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect
or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (except for our memorandum and articles of association, our register
of mortgages and charges and special resolutions of our shareholders). However, our sixth amended and restated memorandum and
articles of association provide that except when our register of members is closed in accordance with our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association, our branch register of members maintained in Hong Kong shall during business hours be kept
open for inspection by any member without charge. In addition, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial
statements.
Changes in Capital. Our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
● increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall
prescribe;
● consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;
● sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount; and
● cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person
and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.
Subject to the Companies Act and our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association with respect to
matters to be dealt with by ordinary resolution, we may, by special resolution, reduce our share capital and any capital redemption
reserve in any manner authorized by law.
Issuance of Additional Shares. Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of
directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent there are available
authorized but unissued shares.
Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to establish from time
to time one or more series of convertible redeemable preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of convertible
redeemable preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
● designation of the series;
● the number of shares of the series;
● the dividend rights, conversion rights and voting rights; and
● the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.
The issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the
part of the shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.
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Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act is modeled after companies law statutes of England and Wales but does not follow recent statutory
enactments in England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders.
Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws
applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands
companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the
merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as
the surviving company and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated
company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company.
In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of
merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (i) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company; and
(ii) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan of merger or
consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or
surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of
merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and published in the Cayman Islands
Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be
determined by the Cayman Islands court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to certain exceptions. Court approval is not
required for a merger or consolidation effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the
arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number
representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that
are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of
the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting
shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to
approve the arrangement if it determines that:
● the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;
● the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide
without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;
● the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of
his interest; and
● the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.
When a take-over offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected (within four months after making the
offer), the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four months period, require the holders of the
remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands
but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal
rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive
payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
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Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us and as a general rule a
derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be
of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands courts can be expected to apply and follow common law principles
that permit a minority shareholder to commence a class action against the company or a derivative action in the name of the company to
challenge certain acts, including the following:
● a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;
● the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority
vote that has not been obtained; and
● those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to
which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such
provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud
or the consequences of committing a crime.
Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for all
actions, proceedings, charges, losses, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses incurred in their conduct of the company’s business or
affairs (including as a result of any mistake or judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretion,
including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such officers and
directors unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty, fraud or wilful default of such directors or officers. This standard of
conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we
have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and senior executive officers that will provide such persons with
additional indemnification beyond that provided in our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons
controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the
corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a
director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a
director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant
transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the
corporation. He or she must not use his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a
director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a
director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to
have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the
corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be
presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction
was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the
company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company-a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of
the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him to do so) and a duty
not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third
party. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to exercise the skill they actually possess and such care and
diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. It was previously considered that a director need
not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her
knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the
required skill and care and these authorities (which are of persuasive authority, although not binding on the courts of the Cayman Islands)
are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our
memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time.
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Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of
shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our sixth amended and
restated articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed
by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being
held.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the
annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be
called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded
from calling special meetings.
Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide
shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles
of association. Our sixth amended and restated articles allow our shareholders holding in the aggregate not less than one-tenth of the
aggregate number of votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company, on a one vote per share basis, to requisition an
extraordinary meeting of the shareholders, in which case the directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so
requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, our articles do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before
annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.
As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our sixth
amended and restated articles of association provides that we may in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting, and
to specify the meeting as such in the notice calling it.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted
unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the
representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the
shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There
are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under Cayman Islands law, but our sixth amended and restated articles of association
do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than
shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be
removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation
provides otherwise. Under our sixth amended and restated articles of association, directors may be removed by ordinary resolution of the
shareholders. In addition, a director’s office shall be vacated if the director (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or
composition with his creditors; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to us; (iv)
without special leave of absence from our board of directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the board and the board
resolves that his office be vacated or; (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provisions of our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute
applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by
amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested
shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is
a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This
has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be
treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested
shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an
interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition
transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the
Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and
its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company for a
proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
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Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to
dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution
is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares.
Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in
connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the
courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an
ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where
it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Under the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up voluntarily by a
special resolution, or by an ordinary resolution on the basis that we are unable to pay our debts as they fall due. The court has authority to
order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of
shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.
Under our sixth amended and restated articles of association, and as permitted by Cayman Islands law, if our share capital is divided into
more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class either with the written consent of the holders of three-fourths
of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by the holders of a majority of not less than three-fourths of
the shares of that class present and voting at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may
be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides
otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law, our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by
special resolution.
Inspection of Books and Records. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any
proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list of shareholders and other books and records.
Holders of our shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders
or our corporate records (except for our memorandum and articles of association, our register of mortgages and charges and special
resolutions of our shareholders). Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that except when our
register of members is closed in accordance with our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, our branch
register of members maintained in Hong Kong shall during business hours be kept open for inspection by any member without charge. In
addition, we intend to provide our shareholders with annual reports containing audited financial statements.
Anti-takeover Provisions in Our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Some provisions of our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association have the potential to be exercised in a way that may discourage, delay or prevent a change of
control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including a provision that authorizes our board of
directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such
preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Such shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make
removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue these preference shares, the price of our ADSs may fall
and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our sixth
amended and restated memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the
best interests of our company.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our
shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that requires us to
disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.
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C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in
“Item 4. Information on the Company” or elsewhere in this annual report.
D. Exchange Controls
Foreign Currency Exchange
See “Item 4. Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations — Regulations Relating to Foreign
Exchange and Dividend Distribution Foreign Exchange Regulation.”
Dividend Distribution
The principal laws, rules and regulations governing dividend distribution by wholly foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC are
the Company Law of the PRC, as amended, the Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law and its implementation regulations.
Under these laws, rules and regulations, wholly foreign-invested enterprises may pay dividends only out of their accumulated
profit, if any, as determined in accordance with their articles of association and PRC accounting standards and regulations. Both PRC
domestic companies and wholly-foreign owned PRC enterprises are required to set aside as general reserves at least 10% of their after-
tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital. A PRC company is not permitted to
distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed
together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which became effective on
January 1, 2020 and from its effective date superseded the Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law. Under the Foreign Investment Law,
the organizational form, corporate governance and operational guidelines of a foreign invested enterprise shall be in compliance with the
PRC Company Law. However, the Foreign Investment Law establishes a five-year grace period from its effective date in respect of the
existing wholly foreign-owned enterprises, so that they can remain their original organizational form under the Wholly Foreign-owned
Enterprise Law during such grace period. The Foreign Investment Law and its implementation rules also provide that after the
conversion from a wholly foreign-owned enterprise or sino-foreign equity joint venture to a foreign invested enterprise under the Foreign
Investment Law, distribution method of gains agreed in the joint venture agreements may continue to apply.
E. Taxation
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation
and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the
government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution
brought within the jurisdiction of, the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to
any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the Cayman Islands.
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PRC Tax
Under the EIT Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management
body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate
of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises substantial and overall control
and management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of
Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto
management body” of a PRC-controlled offshore incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although this circular only applies to
offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the
criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management
body” text should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore
incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of
having its “de facto management body” in China only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day
operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are
subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records,
company seals, and board and shareholders minutes, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board
members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe that none of Baozun Inc. and its subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes.
Baozun Inc. is not controlled by a PRC enterprise or PRC enterprise group and we do not believe that Baozun Inc. meets all of the
conditions above. Baozun Inc. is a company incorporated outside the PRC. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership
interests in its subsidiaries, and its key assets and its records (including the resolutions and meeting minutes of its board of directors and
the resolutions and meeting minutes of its shareholders) are located and maintained outside the PRC. For the same reasons, we believe
our other subsidiaries outside of China are not PRC resident enterprises either. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject
to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management
body.”
The implementation rules of the EIT Law provide that, (i) if the enterprise that distributes dividends is domiciled in the PRC or
(ii) if gains are realized from transferring equity interests of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or capital gains are
treated as China-sourced income. It is not clear how “domicile” may be interpreted under the EIT Law, and it may be interpreted as the
jurisdiction where the enterprise is a tax resident. Therefore, if we are considered as a PRC tax resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes,
any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders which are non-resident enterprises as well as gains realized by such
shareholders or ADS holders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result become
subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%.
Furthermore, if we are considered a PRC resident enterprise and the competent PRC tax authorities consider dividends we pay
with respect to our shares or ADSs and the gains realized from the transfer of our shares or ADSs to be income derived from sources
within the PRC, such dividends and gains we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders who are non-resident individuals may be
subject to PRC individual income tax at a rate of 20%, unless any such non-resident individuals’ jurisdiction has a tax treaty or
arrangement with China that provides for a preferential tax rate or a tax exemption. It is also unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC
resident enterprise, holders of our shares or ADSs would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into
between China and other countries or areas.
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Under Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident
enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable
commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived
from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to Bulletin 7, “PRC taxable assets” include assets
attributed to an establishment in China, immoveable properties located in China, and equity investments in PRC resident enterprises. In
respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income
tax filing of the PRC establishment or place of business being transferred, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income
tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the immoveable properties located in China or to equity investments in a
PRC resident enterprise, which is not related to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise
income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and
the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Where the payor fails to withhold any or
sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Although it
appears that Bulletin 7 was not intended to apply to share transfers of publicly traded companies, there is uncertainty as to the application
of Bulletin 7 and we and our non-PRC resident investors may be at risk of being subject to tax filing or withholding obligations under
Bulletin 7 and we may be required to spend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7 or to establish that we should not be taxed
under Bulletin 7. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China
— We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other
assets attributed to a Chinese establishment of a non-Chinese company, or immovable properties located in China owned by non-Chinese
companies.”
See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China — We
may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC EIT Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income
tax on our global income.” and “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s
Republic of China — Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ADSs or ordinary shares by our foreign
investors may become subject to PRC tax law.”
Hong Kong Taxation
Our subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong are subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on their taxable income generated from
operations in Hong Kong. On April 1, 2018, a two-tiered profits tax regime was introduced. The profits tax rate for the first HK$2
million of profits of corporations is lowered to 8.25%, while profits above that amount continue to be subject to the tax rate of 16.5%.
Our principal register of members is maintained by our Principal Share Registrar in the Cayman Islands, Vistra (Cayman)
Limited, and our Hong Kong branch register of members is maintained by the Hong Kong Share Registrar in Hong Kong,
Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited.
Dealings in our Class A ordinary shares registered on our Hong Kong branch share register are subject to Hong Kong stamp
duty. The stamp duty is charged to each of the seller and purchaser at the ad valorem rate of 0.1% of the consideration for, or (if greater)
the value of, our Class A ordinary shares transferred. In other words, a total of 0.2% is currently payable on a typical sale and purchase
transaction of our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, a fixed duty of HK$5.00 is charged on each instrument of transfer (if required).
To facilitate ADS-Class A ordinary share conversion and trading between The Nasdaq Stock Market and the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange, we also moved a portion of our issued ordinary shares from our Cayman share register to our Hong Kong share register. It is
unclear whether, as a matter of Hong Kong law, the trading or conversion of ADSs constitutes a sale or purchase of the underlying Hong
Kong-registered ordinary shares that is subject to Hong Kong stamp duty. We advise investors to consult their own tax advisors on this
matter. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and ADSs — There is uncertainty as to whether Hong Kong stamp
duty will apply to the trading or conversion of our ADSs.”
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Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, and
disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax consequences. The
consequences of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate, gift, or other non-income tax laws, and any applicable state, local or non-U.S.
tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), final and
temporary U.S. Treasury regulations (“U.S. Treasury Regulations”) promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions, and published rulings and
administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), in each case in effect as of the date hereof. These
authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively
in a manner that could result in tax consequences different from those described below. We have not sought and will not seek any rulings
from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to that
discussed below regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, and disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares.
This discussion is limited to U.S. Holders (as defined below) that hold our ADSs or ordinary shares as “capital assets” within
the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment) at all relevant times. This discussion does not address
all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including the impact of the Medicare tax
on net investment income. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, including,
without limitation:
● persons who own or are deemed to own 10% or more of the voting power or value of our stock;
● persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;
● persons holding our ADSs or ordinary shares as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a
conversion transaction or other integrated investment;
● persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar;
● banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions;
● brokers, dealers or traders in stock, securities or currencies;
● corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;
● partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors
therein);
● corporations that have elected to be taxed as “S corporations” under Subchapter S of Chapter 1 of the Code (and investors
therein);
● tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;
● persons deemed to sell our ADSs or ordinary shares under the constructive sale provisions of the Code;
● persons who use or are required to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;
● persons who hold or receive our ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or
otherwise as compensation;
● “real estate investment trusts”;
● “regulated investment companies”; and
● tax-qualified retirement plans.
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If an entity treated as a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our ADSs or
ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership (or member of the pass-through entity) will generally depend on the
status of the partner or member and the activities of the partnership or other pass-through entities. Partnerships and other pass-through
entities holding our ADSs or ordinary shares and partners and members in such partnerships and entities should consult their own tax
advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.
THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. YOU SHOULD
CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX
LAWS TO YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE,
OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ADSS OR ORDINARY SHARES ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL
ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION
OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY. IN ADDITION, SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN U.S. FEDERAL
TAX LAWS WERE RECENTLY ENACTED. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD ALSO CONSULT WITH THEIR TAX
ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH CHANGES IN U.S. TAX LAW AS WELL AS POTENTIAL CONFORMING
CHANGES IN STATE TAX LAWS.
Definition of a U.S. Holder
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares that, for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, is or is treated as:
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or
a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and of one or more “United States
persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the
trust, or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person for
U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The discussion below assumes that the representations contained in the deposit agreement are true and that the obligations in the
deposit agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. If you own ADSs, you generally will
be treated as the owner of the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly,
withdrawals of the underlying ordinary shares in exchange for the ADSs generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of a depositary share
and the issuer of the security underlying the depositary share may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the beneficial ownership of
the underlying security (which may include, for example, pre-releasing ADSs to persons that do not have the beneficial ownership of the
securities underlying the ADSs). Accordingly, the creditability of any PRC taxes, or the availability of the reduced tax rate for any
dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders (discussed below), could be affected by actions taken by intermediaries in the
chain of ownership between the holders of ADSs and our company if as a result of such actions the holders of ADSs are not properly
treated as beneficial owners of underlying ordinary shares.
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Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares
Subject to the discussion under “ — Passive Foreign Investment Company” below, the gross amount of any distributions we
make to you with respect to your ADSs or ordinary shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) generally will be
includible in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by the depositary, in the case of ADSs, or on the date of receipt
by you, in the case of ordinary shares, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Any such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received
deduction allowed to corporations in respect of certain dividends received from U.S. corporations. To the extent that the amount of the
distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess amount will be treated first as a tax-free return of
your tax basis in your ADSs or ordinary shares, and then, to the extent such excess amount exceeds your tax basis in your ADSs or
ordinary shares, as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles.
Therefore, you should expect that any distribution we make to you will be reported as a dividend even if it would otherwise be treated as
a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
With respect to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, any dividends received may be subject to
a reduced rate of U.S. federal income tax applicable to “qualified dividend income,” provided that (1) either (a) our ADSs or ordinary
shares, with respect to which the dividends are paid, are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or
(b) we are eligible for the benefits of a qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information
program, (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to the U.S. Holder for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid
and the preceding taxable year (discussed below), and (3) the ADSs or ordinary shares are held for a holding period of more than 60 days
during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. Under IRS authority, common or ordinary shares, or depositary
shares representing such shares, are considered for the purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities
market in the United States if they are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, where our ADSs (but not our ordinary shares) are
listed. If we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes (see “ — PRC Tax”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the
income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower tax
rate applicable to qualified dividend income for any dividends we pay with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares, as well as the effect
of any change in applicable law after the date of this annual report.
Any dividends we pay with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit
purposes. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for
purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will in general be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the
reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income and divided by the highest tax rate normally applicable to dividends. The
limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, any
dividends we pay with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares will generally constitute “passive category income” but could, in the case
of certain U.S. Holders, constitute “general category income.”
If PRC withholding taxes apply to any dividends paid to you with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares (see “ — PRC Tax”),
the amount of the dividend would include the withheld PRC taxes and, subject to certain conditions and limitations, such PRC
withholding taxes generally will be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability. The
rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex and you should consult your tax advisors regarding the
availability of a foreign tax credit in your particular circumstances, including the effects of any applicable income tax treaties.
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Taxation of Disposition of ADSs or Ordinary Shares
You will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares equal to
the difference between the amount realized for the ADSs or ordinary shares and your tax basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares. Subject to
the discussion under “ — Passive Foreign Investment Company” below, the gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. If you are a
non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, that has held the ADSs or ordinary shares for more than one year, you
may be eligible for reduced U.S. federal income tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss
that you recognize on a disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax
credit purposes. However, if we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes, we may be eligible for the benefits of the
income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC. In such event, if PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition
of the ADSs or ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the
PRC may elect to treat the gain as PRC source income for foreign tax credit purposes. If a U.S. Holder is not eligible for the benefits of
such treaty or fails to make the election to treat any gain as PRC-source gain, then such U.S. Holder may not be able to use the foreign
tax credit arising from any PRC tax imposed on the sale or other taxable disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares unless such credit
can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. federal income tax due on other income derived from foreign sources in the
same income category (generally, the passive category). You should consult your tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of gain or
loss in your particular circumstances, including the effects of any applicable income tax treaties.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Based on the market price of our ADSs and the composition of our income and assets, we believe we were not a PFIC for U.S.
federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2022, and we do not expect to become a PFIC in the foreseeable
future. However, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects. Additionally, PFIC status requires an
intensive factual determination for each taxable year that cannot be made until after the close of each such year and will depend to a large
degree on the market price of our ADSs, which could fluctuate significantly. In particular, any recent significant decline in the market
price of our ADSs increases the risk of us becoming a PFIC. The market price of our ADSs may continue to fluctuate considerably and,
consequently, we cannot assure you of our PFIC status for any taxable year. In addition, the composition of our income and our assets
will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend our liquid assets. Under circumstances where the market price of our ADSs declines
and/or we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes, the risk of
us becoming classified as a PFIC may substantially increase.
A non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if either:
● at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income; or
● at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is
attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income.
In applying these tests, a foreign corporation is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets and earning its
proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In
applying this rule, while it is not clear, we believe the contractual arrangements between us and our VIE should be treated as ownership
of stock. However, the risk of us becoming classified as a PFIC may increase if it were determined that we do not own the stock of our
VIE for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than royalties
and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person).
If we are classified as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, the corporation
generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to that shareholder for all succeeding years during which it holds our ADSs
or ordinary shares.
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For each taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to
any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you recognize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ADSs
or ordinary shares. In general, these special rules will cause your “excess distribution” or gain to be taxed to you as ordinary income. In
addition, an interest charge generally will apply. This will likely result in your having to pay more U.S. federal income tax on the
distribution, or gain, than you would under the rules described in the sections above. Specifically, distributions you receive in a
taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding
taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules:
● the excess distribution or recognized gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary
shares;
● the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable years in your holding period prior to the first taxable year
in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and
● the amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or
corporations, as applicable, for each such year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be
imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
The PFIC rules provide for certain elections that can, in certain circumstances, alter the tax consequences of PFIC status as
generally described above, thereby mitigating the adverse tax consequences that generally apply under the PFIC rules as described
above. One such election, the “qualified electing fund” or “QEF” election, allows a U.S. Holder to include in income its share of the
corporation’s income on a current basis and it requires (among other things) that the U.S. Holder include with its U.S. federal income tax
return a “PFIC Annual Information Statement” provided by the foreign corporation and disclosing to the U.S. Holder its pro rata share of
the corporation’s “ordinary earnings” and “net capital gain” as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. A QEF election also
can, in certain circumstances, cause the “excess distribution” regime described above not to apply, generally resulting in more favorable
tax consequences upon receipt of PFIC excess distributions or the recognition of gain on sale of PFIC shares (or ADSs). However, we do
not intend to calculate our “ordinary earnings” or “net capital gain,” nor do we intend to supply U.S. Holders with the required “PFIC
Annual Information Statement.” Therefore, it generally will not be possible for you to make a QEF election if we are, or if we become, a
PFIC.
A different election, the “mark-to-market” election could be available if our ADSs or ordinary shares, as applicable, are
considered “marketable stock” as defined under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations. Our ADSs or ordinary shares generally will be
treated as marketable stock if they are regularly traded on a “qualified exchange or other market” (within the meaning of the applicable
U.S. Treasury Regulations). Our ADSs are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, which is a qualified exchange or other market for
these purposes. Consequently, if the ADSs are regularly traded and we are treated as a PFIC, we expect the mark-to-market election
would be available to a U.S. Holder that owns ADSs. You should consult your tax advisors as to the availability and desirability of a
mark-to-market election.
If you make a mark-to-market election for the ADSs or ordinary shares, you will include in income for each year we are a PFIC
an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ADSs or ordinary shares as of the close of your taxable year over
your adjusted basis in such ADSs or ordinary shares. You will be allowed a deduction for each year we are a PFIC in an amount equal to
the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the ADSs or ordinary shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year.
However, deductions will be allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ADSs or ordinary shares included in
your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale
or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares in a year that we are a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss
treatment will also apply to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the ADSs or ordinary shares, as well as to any loss
realized on the actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares in a year that we are a PFIC, to the extent the amount of
such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such ADSs or ordinary shares. Your basis in the ADSs or
ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a mark-to-market election, any distributions we
make would generally be subject to the rules discussed above under “-- Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or
Ordinary Shares,” except the lower rate applicable to qualified dividend income would not apply. You should consult your tax advisors as
to the availability and desirability of a mark-to-market election.
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If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs or ordinary shares, to the extent any of our
subsidiaries are also PFICs or we make direct or indirect equity investments in other entities that are PFICs, you may be deemed to own
shares in such lower-tier PFICs that are directly or indirectly owned by us in that proportion which the value of the ADSs or ordinary
shares you own bears to the value of all of our ADSs or ordinary shares, as applicable, and you may be subject to the rules described in
the preceding paragraphs with respect to the shares of such lower-tier PFICs that you are deemed to own. You should consult your tax
advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
Each U.S. Holder will generally be required to file an IRS Form 8621, “Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive
Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund” if it holds ADSs or ordinary shares in any year in which we are treated as a
PFIC. If we are or become a PFIC, you should consult your tax advisor regarding any reporting requirements that may apply to you.
You are strongly urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in the
ADSs or ordinary shares and any elections that may be available.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Any dividend payments with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or other taxable
disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding. Backup
withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder that furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other
required certification or that is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders that are required to establish their exempt status
generally must provide such certification on IRS Form W-9. In addition, certain individuals holding ADSs or ordinary shares other than
in an account at a financial institution may be subject to additional information reporting requirements.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S.
federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing
the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information in a timely manner.
Certain U.S. Holders are also required to report information relating to certain “foreign financial assets,” including ADSs or
ordinary shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for ADSs or ordinary shares held in accounts maintained by certain
financial institutions), by attaching a complete IRS Form 8938, “Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets,” with their tax return
for each year in which they hold ADSs or ordinary shares. You are urged to consult your own tax advisors regarding information
reporting requirements relating to your ownership of the ADSs or ordinary shares.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We file annual reports with and furnish other information to the SEC as may be applicable from time to time. You may read and
copy any documents filed or furnished by Baozun at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-
SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.
In accordance with Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will post this annual report on Form 20-F on our website at
www.baozun.com. In addition, we will provide hardcopies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders and ADS holders upon
request.
I. Subsidiary Information
For a list of our subsidiaries, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”
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Enforceability of Civil Liabilities
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, while we conduct substantially all of our
operations in China, and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, almost all our senior executive officers reside
within China for a significant portion of the time and most of our senior executive officers are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be
difficult for our shareholders to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside China. In addition, China does not have treaties
providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands and many other countries and
regions. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any
matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.
Cayman Islands
We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. Our constituent
documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States,
between us, our officers, directors, and shareholders, be arbitrated.
Our Cayman Islands legal counsel has advised us that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce
judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the
federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States, and (ii) in original actions brought in
the Cayman Islands to impose liabilities against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the federal securities laws of the
United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in
nature.
Our Cayman Islands legal counsel has informed us that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of
judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States (and the Cayman Islands are not a party to any treaties for the
reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), the courts of the Cayman Islands will, at common law, recognize and enforce
a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute
based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the liquidated
sum for which such judgment has been given, provided that such judgment (i) given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction, (ii)
imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgement has been given, (iii) is final and conclusive,
(iv) is not in respect of taxes, a fine, or a penalty; (v) is not inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter,
and (vi) is not impeachable on the grounds of fraud and was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is
contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands. However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a
judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities law if such judgment is determined
by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. A Cayman Islands
court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
PRC
Our PRC legal counsel has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether PRC courts would (i) recognize or enforce
judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the
securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (ii) entertain original actions brought in each respective
jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United
States.
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Our PRC legal counsel has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under
the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the
PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of
reciprocity between jurisdictions. There exists no treaty and few other forms of reciprocity between China and the United States or the
Cayman Islands governing the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, according
to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide
that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain
whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands.
Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law before a PRC court against a
company for disputes relating to contracts or other property interests, and the PRC court may accept a cause of action based on the laws
or the parties’ express mutual agreement in contracts choosing PRC courts for dispute resolution if such foreign shareholders can
establish sufficient nexus to China for a PRC court to have jurisdiction and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others,
that the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case and that there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis, and a cause for the case.
The PRC court will determine whether to accept the complaint in accordance with the PRC Civil Procedures Law. The shareholder may
participate in the action by itself or entrust any other person or PRC legal counsel to participate on behalf of such shareholder. Foreign
citizens and companies will have the same rights as PRC citizens and companies in an action unless the home jurisdiction of such foreign
citizens or companies restricts the rights of PRC citizens and companies.
However, it will be difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in China in accordance with PRC laws because
we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and it will be difficult for U.S. shareholders, by virtue only of holding our
ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, to establish a connection to China for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil
Procedures Law.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Exchange Risk
Substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi, while some of our cash and cash equivalents,
restricted cash and short-term investments are denominated in U.S. dollars. Our exposure to foreign exchange risk primarily relates to
such financial assets denominated in U.S. dollars. Any significant revaluation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar may materially and
adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ordinary
shares and/or ADSs in U.S. dollars. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s
Republic of China — Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses and could materially reduce the
value of your investment.” The value of an investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be affected by the exchange rate
between the U.S. dollar and the Renminbi or Hong Kong dollar and Renminbi, as applicable, because the value of our business is
effectively denominated in Renminbi, while our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares are traded in U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollar, as
applicable. We have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk.
The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the PBOC. The Renminbi
has fluctuated against the U.S. dollars, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and
other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy
adopted by the PRC government. We cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against
the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate
between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.
To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our public offerings, appreciation of the Renminbi against the
U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert
Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs for business purposes,
appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amounts available to us.
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As of December 31, 2022, we had RMB-denominated cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of
RMB1,898.4 million and U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of US$146.7
million. Assuming we had converted RMB1,898.4 million into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of RMB6.8972 for US$1.00, as of
December 31, 2022, our U.S. dollar cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments would have been US$275.2
million. If the RMB had depreciated by 10% against the U.S. dollar, our U.S. dollar cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-
term investments would have been US$396.9 million instead. Assuming we had converted US$146.7 million into RMB at the exchange
rate of RMB6.8972 for US$1.00, as of December 31, 2022, our RMB cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term
investments would have been RMB2,910.2 million. If the RMB had depreciated by 10% against the U.S. dollar, our RMB cash and cash
equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments would have been RMB3,011.4 million.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to interest expense incurred by our short-term and long-term borrowings, and
the interest income generated by excess cash, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits. We have not used derivative
financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been
exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, due to changes in
market interest rates, our future interest expense may increase and our future interest income may fall short of expectations.
Inflation Risk
Inflation in China has not materially impacted our results of operations in recent years. According to the National Bureau of
Statistics of China, the year-over-year increase in the consumer price index in years 2020,2021 and 2022 was 2.5%, 0.9% and 1.8%,
respectively. Although we have not been materially affected by inflation in the past, we can provide no assurance that we will not be
affected in the future by higher inflation rates in China.
Credit Risk
As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were held by
major financial institutions located in PRC, Hong Kong and Singapore. We believe that we are not exposed to unusual risks as these
financial institutions have high credit quality. We have not experienced any losses on deposits of cash and cash equivalents.
Our customers are generally reputable medium to large brands with proven track records, and our customers pay for our product
sales through a network of third-party payment service providers. We have not experienced significant bad debts with respect to our
accounts receivable, and made allowance for doubtful accounts of RMB12.9 million, RMB118.7 million and RMB120.5 million
(US$17.5 million) as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B. Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C. Other Securities
Not applicable.
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D. American Depositary Shares
Fees and Charges Our ADS Holders May Have to Pay
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., the depositary of our ADS program, or the depositary, may charge each person to whom ADSs are
issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of Class A ordinary shares, issuances in respect of Class A ordinary share
distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or issuances pursuant to a
merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADSs or deposited securities, and each person surrendering
ADSs for withdrawal of deposited securities or whose ADRs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason, US$5.00 for each 100 ADSs
(or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, as the case may be. The depositary may sell (by public or
private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a Class A ordinary share distribution, rights and/or other distribution
prior to such deposit to pay such charge.
The following additional charges shall also be incurred by the ADR holders, the beneficial owners, by any party depositing or
withdrawing Class A ordinary shares or by any party surrendering ADSs and/or to whom ADSs are issued (including, without limitation,
issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADSs or the deposited securities
or a distribution of ADSs), whichever is applicable:
● a fee of US$0.05 or less per ADS upon which any cash distribution is made pursuant to the deposit agreement;
● an aggregate fee of US$0.05 or less per ADS per calendar year (or portion thereof) for services performed by the
depositary in administering the ADRs (which fee may be charged on a periodic basis during each calendar year and shall be
assessed against holders of ADRs as of the record date or record dates set by the depositary during each calendar year and
shall be payable in the manner described in the next succeeding provision);
● a fee for the reimbursement of such fees, charges and expenses as are incurred by the depositary and/or any of its agents
(including, without limitation, the custodian and expenses incurred on behalf of ADR holders in connection with
compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment) in
connection with the servicing of the Class A ordinary shares or other deposited securities, the sale of securities (including,
without limitation, deposited securities), the delivery of deposited securities or otherwise in connection with the
depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with applicable law, rule or regulation (which fees and charges shall be assessed
on a proportionate basis against ADR holders as of the record date or dates set by the depositary and shall be payable at the
sole discretion of the depositary by billing such ADR holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends
or other cash distributions);
● a fee for the distribution of securities (or the sale of securities in connection with a distribution), such fee being in an
amount equal to the US$0.05 per ADS issuance fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been
charged as a result of the deposit of such securities (treating all such securities as if they were Class A ordinary shares) but
which securities or the net cash proceeds from the sale thereof are instead distributed by the depositary to those ADR
holders entitled thereto;
● stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges (which are payable by ADR holders or persons depositing
Class A ordinary shares);
● cancellation transaction (including SWIFT, telex and facsimile transmission) fees and delivery expenses incurred at your
request in connection with the deposit or delivery of Class A ordinary shares, ADRs or deposited securities as disclosed on
the “Disclosures” page (or successor page) of ADR.com (which are payable by such persons or holders);
● transfer or registration fees for the registration of transfer of deposited securities on any applicable register in connection
with the deposit or withdrawal of deposited securities (which are payable by persons depositing Class A ordinary shares or
ADR holders withdrawing deposited securities); and
● fees of any division, branch or affiliate of the depositary utilized by the depositary to direct, manage and/or execute any
public and/or private sale of securities under the deposit agreement.
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To facilitate the administration of various depositary receipt transactions, including disbursement of dividends or other cash
distributions and other corporate actions, the depositary may engage the foreign exchange desk within the depositary and/or its affiliates
in order to enter into spot foreign exchange transactions to convert foreign currency into U.S. dollars. For certain currencies, foreign
exchange transactions are entered into with the depositary or an affiliate, as the case may be, acting in a principal capacity. For other
currencies, foreign exchange transactions are routed directly to and managed by an unaffiliated local custodian (or other third party local
liquidity provider), and neither the depositary nor any of its affiliates is a party to such foreign exchange transactions.
The foreign exchange rate applied to a foreign exchange transaction will be either (a) a published benchmark rate, or (b) a rate
determined by a third party local liquidity provider, in each case plus or minus a spread, as applicable. The depositary will disclose which
foreign exchange rate and spread, if any, apply to such currency on the “Disclosures” page (or successor page) of ADR.com. Such
applicable foreign exchange rate and spread may (and neither the depositary nor any of its affiliates is under any obligation to ensure that
such rate does not) differ from rates and spreads at which comparable transactions are entered into with other customers or the range of
foreign exchange rates and spreads at which the depositary or any of its affiliates enters into foreign exchange transactions in the relevant
currency pair on the date of the foreign exchange transaction. Additionally, the timing of execution of a foreign exchange transaction
varies according to local market dynamics, which may include regulatory requirements, market hours and liquidity in the foreign
exchange market or other factors. Furthermore, the depositary and its affiliates may manage the associated risks of their position in the
market in a manner they deem appropriate without regard to the impact of such activities on the depositary, us, holders or beneficial
owners. The spread applied does not reflect any gains or losses that may be earned or incurred by the depositary and its affiliates as a
result of risk management or other hedging related activity.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent we provide U.S. dollars to the depositary, neither the depositary nor any of its
affiliates will execute a foreign exchange transaction as set forth herein. In such case, the depositary will distribute the U.S. dollars
received from us.
Further details relating to the applicable foreign exchange rate, the applicable spread and the execution of foreign exchange
transactions will be provided by the depositary on ADR.com. Each holder and beneficial owner by holding or owning an ADR or ADS
or an interest therein, and we, each acknowledge and agree that the terms applicable to foreign exchange transactions disclosed from time
to time on ADR.com will apply to any foreign exchange transaction executed pursuant to the deposit agreement.
We will pay all other charges and expenses of the depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to
agreements from time to time between us and the depositary.
The right of the depositary to charge and receive payment of fees, charges and expenses survives the termination of the deposit
agreement, and shall extend for those fees, charges and expenses incurred prior to the effectiveness of any resignation or removal of the
depositary.
The fees and charges described above may be amended from time to time by agreement between us and the depositary.
Fees and Other Payments Made by the Depositary to Us
Our depositary has agreed to reimburse us for certain expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance of the
ADR program upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary may agree from time to time. Our depositary may make
available to us a set amount or a portion of the depositary fees charged in respect of our ADR program or otherwise upon such terms and
conditions as we and our depositary may agree from time to time. In 2022, the amount of reimbursements we received relating to the
ADS facility from the depositary was nil.
Conversion between ADSs and Class A Ordinary Shares
Dealings and Settlement of Class A Ordinary Shares in Hong Kong
Our Class A ordinary shares trade on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in board lots of 100 Class A ordinary shares. Dealings in
our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are conducted in Hong Kong dollars.
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The transaction costs of dealings in our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange include:
● Hong Kong Stock Exchange trading fee of 0.005% of the consideration of the transaction, charged to each of the buyer and
seller;
● Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong, or SFC, transaction levy of 0.0027% of the consideration of the
transaction, charged to each of the buyer and seller;
● trading tariff of HK$0.50 on each and every purchase or sale transaction. The decision on whether or not to pass the trading
tariff onto investors is at the discretion of brokers;
● transfer deed stamp duty of HK$5.00 per transfer deed (if applicable), payable by the seller;
● ad valorem stamp duty at a total rate of 0.2% of the value of the transaction, with 0.1% payable by each of the buyer and
the seller;
● stock settlement fee, which is currently 0.002% of the gross transaction value, subject to a minimum fee of HK$2.00 and a
maximum fee of HK$100.00 per side per trade;
● brokerage commission, which is freely negotiable with the broker (other than brokerage commissions for IPO transactions
which are currently set at 1% of the subscription or purchase price and will be payable by the person subscribing for or
purchasing the securities); and
● the Hong Kong share registrar’s service fee of HK$2.50 or 0.05% of the market value depending on the speed of service
(or such higher fee as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules), for each transfer of Class
A ordinary shares from one registered owner to another, each share certificate canceled or issued by it and any applicable
fee as stated in the share transfer forms used in Hong Kong.
Investors must settle their trades executed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange through their brokers directly or through
custodians. For an investor who has deposited his or her Class A ordinary shares in his or her stock account or in his or her designated
Central Clearing and Settlement System, or CCASS, participant’s stock account maintained with CCASS, settlement will be effected in
CCASS in accordance with the General Rules of CCASS and CCASS Operational Procedures in effect from time to time. For an investor
who holds the physical certificates, settlement certificates and the duly executed transfer forms must be delivered to his broker or
custodian before the settlement date.
Conversion between Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong and ADSs
In connection with our Hong Kong IPO, we have established a branch register of members in Hong Kong, or the Hong Kong
share register, which will be maintained by our Hong Kong share registrar, Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited. Our
principal register of members, or the Cayman share register, will continue to be maintained by our principal share registrar, Vistra
(Cayman) Limited.
All Class A ordinary shares offered in the Hong Kong IPO have been registered on the Hong Kong share register in order to be
listed and traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. As described in further detail below, holders of Class A ordinary shares registered
on the Hong Kong share register will be able to convert these Class A ordinary shares into ADSs, and vice versa.
As a result of Hong Kong IPO, all deposits of Class A ordinary shares for the issuance of ADSs and all withdrawals of Class A
ordinary shares upon the cancellation of ADSs will be in the form of Class A ordinary shares registered on our Hong Kong Class A
ordinary share register and all corporate actions with respect thereto will be processed via the depositary’s custodian account at
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Hong Kong Branch, within the CCASS system, subject to the rules and procedures applicable to JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A. Hong Kong Branch – eligible securities, subject, in each case, to certain exceptions described below and provided that
the foregoing shall not apply to certain of our restricted Class A ordinary shares and other Class A ordinary shares as determined by us
and the depositary, which will be via our principal register in the Cayman Islands.
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Our ADSs
Our ADSs are traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Dealings in our ADSs on The Nasdaq Global Select Market are
conducted in U.S. Dollars. ADSs may be held either:
● directly, by having a certificated ADS, or an ADR, registered in the holder’s name, or by holding a “Direct Registration
ADR” in book-entry form in the “Direct Registration System,” the system established by the Depository Trust Company, or
DTC, for the uncertificated registration of ownership of securities utilized by the depositary to record the ownership of
ADRs without the issuance of certificates, in which case the ownership is evidenced by periodic statements issued by the
depositary to the holders of ADRs entitled thereto; or
● indirectly, through the holder’s broker or other financial institution.
The depositary for our ADSs is JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., whose office is located at 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New
York, New York, 10179.
Converting Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong into ADSs
An investor who holds Class A ordinary shares registered in Hong Kong and who intends to convert them to ADSs to trade on
The Nasdaq Global Select Market must deposit or have his or her broker deposit the Class A ordinary shares with the depositary’s Hong
Kong custodian, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., Hong Kong Branch, or the custodian, in exchange for ADSs.
A deposit of Class A ordinary shares trading in Hong Kong in exchange for ADSs involves the following procedures:
● If Class A ordinary shares have been deposited with CCASS, the investor must transfer Class A ordinary shares to the
depositary’s account with the custodian within CCASS by following the CCASS procedures for transfer and submit and
deliver a duly completed and signed letter of transmittal to the custodian and depositary via his or her broker.
● If Class A ordinary shares are held outside CCASS, the investor must arrange to deposit his or her Class A ordinary shares
into CCASS for delivery to the depositary’s account with the custodian within CCASS, and submit and deliver a duly
completed and signed letter of transmittal to the custodian and depositary.
● Upon payment of its fees and expenses, payment or net of the depositary’s fees and expenses, and payment of any taxes or
charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, if applicable, and subject in all cases to the terms of the deposit
agreement, the depositary will issue the corresponding number of ADSs in the name(s) requested by an investor and will
deliver the ADSs to the designated DTC account of the person(s) designated by an investor (if such ADSs are to be held
directly by such investor in book-entry form through DTC’s “Direct Registration System”) or his or her broker, or will
issue a certificated ADR if such ADSs are to be held in physical certificated form.
For Class A ordinary shares deposited in CCASS, under normal circumstances, the above steps generally require two business
days. For Class A ordinary shares held outside CCASS in physical form, the above steps may take 14 business days, or more, to
complete. Temporary delays may arise. For example, the transfer books of the depositary may from time to time be closed to ADS
issuances. The investor will be unable to trade the ADSs until the procedures are completed.
Converting ADSs to Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong
An investor who holds ADSs and who intends to convert his/her ADSs into Class A ordinary shares to trade on the Hong Kong
Stock Exchange must cancel the ADSs the investor holds and withdraw Class A ordinary shares from our ADS program and cause his or
her broker or other financial institution to trade such Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
An investor that holds ADSs indirectly through a broker or other financial institution should follow the procedure of the broker
or financial institution and instruct such broker or financial institution to arrange for cancelation of the ADSs, and transfer of the
underlying Class A ordinary shares from the depositary’s account with the custodian within the CCASS system to the investor’s Hong
Kong stock account.
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For investors holding ADSs directly, the following steps must be taken:
● To withdraw Class A ordinary shares from our ADS program, an investor who holds ADSs may turn in such ADSs at the
office of the depositary (and the applicable ADR(s) if the ADSs are held in physical certificated form), and send an
instruction to cancel such ADSs to the depositary.
● Upon payment or net of its fees and expenses, payment of CCASS fees and expenses, and payment of any taxes or charges,
such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, if applicable, and subject in all cases to the terms of the deposit
agreement, the depositary will instruct the custodian to deliver Class A ordinary shares underlying the canceled ADSs to
the CCASS account designated by an investor.
● If an investor prefers to receive Class A ordinary shares outside CCASS, he or she must receive Class A ordinary shares in
CCASS first and then arrange for withdrawal from CCASS. Investors can then obtain a transfer form signed by HKSCC
Nominees Limited (as the transferor) and register Class A ordinary shares in their own names with the Hong Kong Share
Registrar.
For Class A ordinary shares to be received in CCASS, under normal circumstances, the above steps generally require two
business days, provided that the investor has provided timely and complete instructions. For Class A ordinary shares to be received
outside CCASS in physical form, the above steps may take 14 business days, or more, to complete. The investor will be unable to trade
the Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange until the procedures are completed.
Temporary delays may arise. For example, the transfer books of the depositary may from time to time be closed to ADS
cancellations. In addition, completion of the above steps and procedures is subject to there being a sufficient number of Class A ordinary
shares on the Hong Kong share register to facilitate a withdrawal from the ADS program directly into the CCASS system. We are not
under any obligation to maintain or increase the number of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register to facilitate such
withdrawals.
In the event there are not a sufficient number of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register in the account of the
depositary’s custodian at CCASS to satisfy a cancellation of ADSs and withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares in whole or in part, such
withdrawal shall be in the form of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register to the extent available with the balance to be
in the form of Class A ordinary shares on our principal share register in the Cayman Islands. The depositary is not under any obligation,
and has no ability, to maintain or increase the number of Class A ordinary shares held by its custodian on the Hong Kong share register
to facilitate such withdrawals.
Depositary Requirements
Before the depositary issues ADSs or permits withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares, the depositary may require:
● payment of all amounts required pursuant to the deposit agreement, including the issuance and cancellation fees therein,
any stock transfer or other tax or other governmental charges and any stock transfer or registration fees in effect;
● production of satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary;
and
● compliance with procedures it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including
presentation of transfer documents.
The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer, or register issuances, transfers and cancelations of ADSs generally when the
transfer books of the depositary or our Hong Kong share registrar or Cayman share register are closed or at any time if the depositary or
we determine it advisable to do so, subject to such refusal complying with U.S. federal securities laws.
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All costs attributable to the transfer of Class A ordinary shares to effect a withdrawal from or deposit of Class A ordinary shares
into our ADS program will be borne by the investor requesting the transfer. In particular, holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs
should note that the Hong Kong share registrar will charge HK$2.50 or 0.05% of the market value, depending on the speed of service (or
such higher fee as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules), for each transfer of Class A ordinary shares
from one registered owner to another, each Class A ordinary share certificate canceled or issued by it and any applicable fee as stated in
the Class A ordinary share transfer forms used in Hong Kong. In addition, holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs must pay up to
US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) for each issuance of ADSs and each cancelation of ADSs, as the case may be, in
connection with the deposit of Class A ordinary shares into, or withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares from, our ADS program.
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
PART II
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
See “Item 10. Additional Information — B. Memorandum and Articles of Association — Ordinary Shares” for a description of
the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged.
Use of Proceeds
In May 2015, we completed our initial public offering of our ADSs, in which we issued and sold an aggregate of 37,950,000
ordinary shares represented by 12,650,000 ADSs at US$10.0 per ADS. The ordinary shares underlying the ADSs offered and sold were
registered pursuant to the registration statement on Form F-1 (file number: 333-203477) filed with the SEC on May 21, 2015. Morgan
Stanley & Co. International plc, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated acted as
bookrunners of the offering. The aggregate price of the offering amount registered and sold was approximately US$126.5 million, of
which we received net proceeds of approximately US$113.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by our company.
For the period from May 20, 2015, the date that the F-1 Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC, to the date of
this annual report, we have fully used US$113.7 million net proceeds from our initial public offering for investment in sales and
marketing activities, research and development and technology infrastructure, warehousing and fulfillment infrastructure and for general
corporate purposes.
In December 2016, we completed a follow-on public offering of our ADSs, in which we issued and sold an aggregate of
9,000,000 Class A ordinary shares represented by 3,000,000 ADSs at US$12.25 per ADS and the selling shareholders sold an aggregate
of 3,000,000 ADSs. The ordinary shares underlying the ADSs offered and sold were registered pursuant to the registration statement on
Form F-3 (file number: 333-214801) filed with the SEC on December 7, 2016. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc., and China Renaissance Securities (Hong Kong) acted as bookrunners of the offering. The aggregate price of the offering
amount registered and sold by us was approximately US$36.8 million, of which we received net proceeds of approximately US$33.1
million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by our company.
For the period from December 7, 2016, the date that the F-3 Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC, to the
date of this annual report, we have fully used US$33.1 million net proceeds from our follow-on public offering for investment in sales
and marketing activities, research and development and technology infrastructure, warehousing and fulfillment infrastructure and for
general corporate purposes.
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In April 2019, we completed an offering of US$225 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes, and the sale of an
additional US$50 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes pursuant to the exercise by the initial purchasers in full of an
option to purchase additional 2024 Notes, pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We
received net proceeds from the Notes Offering of approximately US$269.0 million. Concurrently with the Notes Offering, we also
completed an offering of 4,230,776 ADSs, and we entered into the ADS lending agreements with the ADS Borrowers, pursuant to which
we lent, in total, 4,230,776 ADSs to the ADS Borrowers. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Borrowed ADSs, but
received a nominal lending fee from the ADS Borrowers.
For the period from April 10, 2019, the date of the closing of the Note Offering, to the date of this annual report, we have fully
used US$269.0 million net proceeds from the Note Offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including
repayment of outstanding indebtedness and acquisitions.
In September 2020, we completed a global offering of 40,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, which began trading on the Main
Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on September 29, 2020 under the stock code “9991.” The gross proceeds to us from the global
offering, before deducting underwriting fees and the offering expenses, was approximately HK$3,316.0 million (US$425.2 million). On
October 23, 2020, the underwriters partially exercised the over-allotment option in respect of an aggregate of 3,833,700 Class A ordinary
shares. We received total net proceeds of approximately HK$3,511.4 million (US$450.2 million) after deducting offering expenses
payable by us in relation to the global offering and the exercise of the over-allotment option.
For the period from September 29, 2020, the date of the Hong Kong IPO, to the date of this annual report, we have used
US$300.1 million net proceeds from the global offering and the Hong Kong public offering for expansion of our brand partner network,
enhancing our digital marketing and fulfillment capabilities, investment in technology and innovation, strategic alliances, and merger and
acquisitions.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of
the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act.
Based upon that evaluation, our senior management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective.
Disclosure controls and procedures mean controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to
be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within
the time periods specified in the SEC’s rule and forms and that such information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file
or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal
financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United States of America
and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of our
company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our company’s assets that could have a
material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting,
including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not
be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of the internal control over financial
reporting to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the
degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our company’s internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2022 based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial
reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, audited the
effectiveness of our company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Baozun Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Baozun Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of
December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects,
effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated
Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the
Company and our report dated April 25, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an
explanatory paragraph regarding the translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts for the convenience of readers in
the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report
on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting
was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting,
assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based
on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit
provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention
or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP
Shanghai, China
April 25, 2023
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
As required by Rule 13a-15(d), under the Exchange Act, our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief
financial officer, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred
during the period covered by this report have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over
financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, it has been determined that there has been no such change during the period covered by this
annual report.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Ms. Bin Yu, the chairman of our audit committee and an independent director,
qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which is applicable to all of our directors, executive officers and
employees. We have never granted a waiver for non-compliance with the policies and procedures set forth in the code of ethics for any
director, officer or employee of our company or any of our subsidiaries.
A copy of our Code of Business Conduct Ethics is available at our website at www.baozun.com.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The table below summarizes the fees that we paid or accrued for services provided by our principal external auditors(1) for
the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.
For the Year Ended December 31,
Audit Fees
Audit-Related Fees
Tax Fees
All Other Fees
Total
Note:
2021
(in thousands)
US$
US$
1,123.8
—
—
188.3
1,312.1
%
85.7
14.3
100.0
—
—
2022
(in thousands)
1,040.3
—
—
493.0
1,533.3
%
67.8
—
—
32.2
100.0
(1) We engaged Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP as independent registered public accounting firm for our
annual report on Form 20-F, and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu in Hong Kong as independent auditor for our Hong Kong annual report.
Audit Fees. This category includes the audit of our annual financial statements and services that are normally provided by our
principal external auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or other engagements for those fiscal years and public
offering in Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2020.
Audit-Related Fees. This category includes the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for assurance and related
services by our principal external auditors that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated
financial statements and are not reported under “Audit fees.”
Tax fees. This category includes the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal external auditors
for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.
All Other Fees. Other fees billed for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 includes fees billed by our principal external
auditors other than services reported under “Audit Fees,” “Audit-related Fees” and “Tax Fees.”
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All audit services need to be pre-approved by the audit committee on a case-by-case basis. Accordingly, we have established
pre-approval policies and procedures. All audit services performed by our principal external auditors after our initial public offering were
pre-approved by the audit committee.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
In May 2021, our board of directors authorized a program, or the May 2021 program, under which we may repurchase up to
US$125 million worth of our outstanding ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares over the course of the next 12 months starting from May
18, 2021. The May 2021 program was publicly announced on May 18, 2021.
In November 2021, our board of directors authorized another program, or the November 2021 program, under which we may
repurchase up to US$50 million worth of our outstanding ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares over the course of the next 12 months
starting from November 30, 2021. The November 2021 program was publicly announced on November 30, 2021.
In March 2022, our board of directors authorized a program, or the March 2022 program, under which we may repurchase up to
US$80 million worth of our outstanding ADSs and/or Class A ordinary shares over the course of the next 12 months starting from March
25, 2022. The March 2022 program was publicly announced on March 25, 2022.
Under both the May 2021 program, the November 2021 program and the March 2022 program, the repurchases may be made
from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through
other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
The following table sets forth a summary of our repurchase of our ADSs made in each month of 2022 under the share repurchase
programs described in the paragraphs above.
Period
Mar 1 - Mar 31, 2022
May 1 - May 31, 2022
June 1 - June 30, 2022
August 1 - August 31, 2022
September 1 - September 30, 2022
Total Number
of
ADSs
Purchased
2,309,212
4,075,072
951,081
396,584
335,932
Average
Price
Paid Per
ADS
8.63
7.96
10.06
8.48
8.11
Total Number
of ADSs
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans
or Programs
19,920,335
32,428,336
9,564,580
3,364,910
2,723,785
Maximum
Dollar Value of
ADSs that May
Yet Be
Purchased
Under Plans or
Programs
(US$)
70,218,779
37,790,443
28,225,863
24,860,953
22,137,168
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands and our corporate governance practices are governed by applicable Cayman Islands
law. In addition, because our ADSs are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, we are subject to Nasdaq’s corporate governance
requirements.
Rule 5615(a)(3) of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in
lieu of certain requirements of Rule 5600, provided that such foreign private issuer discloses in its annual report filed with the SEC each
requirement of Rule 5600 that it does not follow and describes the home country practice followed in lieu of such requirement.
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We followed our home country practice that does not require us to solicit proxy and hold meetings of our shareholders every
year for the years of 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. We had amended our annual general meeting to amend our articles of association
according to the Hong Kong Listing Rules such that we shall hold an annual general meeting of shareholders every year, starting from
2021. We have further amended our articles of association according to Appendix 3 to the Hong Kong Listing Rules such that we shall
hold an annual general meeting of shareholders every year within six months after the end of our financial year starting from 2023.
The Nasdaq Stock Market Rules require that a majority of a Nasdaq-listed company’s board of directors be independent
directors. Our Cayman Islands counsel has provided a letter to The Nasdaq Stock Market certifying that under Cayman Islands law, we
are not required to follow or comply with the requirement that a majority of our board members be independent directors. As of the date
of this annual report, our board of directors consists of eight directors, four of which meet the “independence” requirements of the
Nasdaq Stock Market Rules.
Furthermore, in July 2016, our board of directors approved an amendment to our 2015 Plan to increase the number of Class A
ordinary shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Plan, and we followed our home country practice that does not require shareholder
approval for such amendment.
Other than the practices described above, there are no significant differences between our corporate governance practices and
those followed by U.S. domestic companies under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules.
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
In May 2022, Baozun Inc. was conclusively listed by the SEC as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following
the filing of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. Our auditor who issued the audit report for us
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 is a registered public accounting firm headquartered in mainland China, a jurisdiction where
the PCAOB determined that it was unable to inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered there until
December 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed
mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public
accounting firms. For this reason, we do not expect to be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we file
this annual report on Form 20-F.
As of the date of this annual report, to our knowledge, (i) no Cayman Islands or PRC government entities owns any shares of
Baozun Inc., our VIE, or the subsidiaries of our VIE, (ii) the PRC government entities do not have a controlling financial interest in
Baozun Inc., our VIE, or the subsidiaries of our VIE, (iii) none of the members of the board of directors of Baozun Inc. or its operating
entities, including our VIE and the subsidiaries of our VIE, is an official of the Communist Party of China, and (iv) none of the currently
effective memorandum and articles of association (or equivalent organizing document) of Baozun Inc., our VIE, or the subsidiaries of
our VIE contains any charter of the Communist Party of China.
ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PART III
We have elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated financial statements of Baozun Inc. are included at the end of this annual report.
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ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Description of Documents
1.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7*
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Sixth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 of Form 6-K (File No. 001-37385) filed with the Commission on October 31, 2022)
Registrant’s Specimen Share Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Form F-1/A (File No. 333-203477)
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2015)
Registrant’s Specimen of Class A Ordinary Share Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 6-K (File
No. 001-37385) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 23, 2020)
Second Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2020, among the Registrant, JP Morgan Chase
Bank, N.A., as depositary, and holders and beneficial owners from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued
thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of Form S-8 (File No. 333-255176) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on April 12, 2021)
Form of American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 2.3)
Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2014, among the Registrant, the then
shareholders of the Registrant and certain other parties listed thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of
Form F-1 (File No. 333-203477) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2015)
Amendment Agreement to Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, dated as of December 11, 2014, among the
Registrant, the then shareholders of the Registrant and certain other parties listed thereunder (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.5 of Form F-1 (File No. 333-203477) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17,
2015)
Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
2014 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Form F-1 (File No. 333-203477) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2015)
2015 Share Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Form F-3 (File No. 333-214801)
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 25, 2016)
2022 Share Incentive Plan, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Form S-8 (File No. 333-268083) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 1, 2022)
Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant’s Directors and Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 of Form F-1/A (File No. 333-203477) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2015)
Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Executive Officers of the Registrant (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Form F-1/A (File No. 333-203477) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
May 8, 2015)
English Translation of Exclusive Technology and Services Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2014, between Shanghai
Baozun E-commerce Limited and Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
of Form F-1 (File No. 333-203477) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2015)
English Translation of Exclusive Call Option Agreement for Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd., dated as of
April 1, 2014, among Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang, Shanghai Baozun E-commerce Limited and
Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Form F-1 (File No. 333-203477)
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2015)
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Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
4.8
4.9
4.10
Description of Documents
English Translation of Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement for Shanghai Zunyi
Business Consulting Ltd., dated as of July 25, 2019, among Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang,
Shanghai Baozun E-commerce Limited and Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.7 of Form 20-F (File No. 001-37385) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2020)
English Translation of Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement for Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd.,
dated as of August 27, 2019, among Mr. Vincent Wenbin Qiu, Shanghai Baozun E-commerce Limited and Shanghai
Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of Form 20-F (File No. 001-37385) filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2020)
English Translation of Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement for Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd.,
dated as of August 27, 2019, among Mr. Michael Qingyu Zhang, Shanghai Baozun E-commerce Limited and Shanghai
Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 of Form 20-F (File No. 001-37385) filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2020)
4.11
Summary English Translation of Asset Transfer Contract, dated as of April 7, 2017, by and between Baotong E-
Logistics Technology (Suzhou) Limited and MCL Technology (China) Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.10 of Form 20-F (File No. 001-37385) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 12, 2017)
4.12
4.13
4.14
8.1*
11.1
12.1*
12.2*
13.1**
13.2**
15.1*
15.2*
15.3*
ADS Lending Agreement, dated as of April 4, 2019, among the Registrant and each of Credit Suisse International and
Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 on Form 6-K filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on April 5, 2019.)
Indenture, dated as of April 10, 2019, between the Registrant and Citicorp International Limited. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.12 of Form 20-F (File No. 001-37385) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 28, 2020)
Form of 1.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.13)
List of Significant Subsidiaries and Consolidated Affiliated Entity
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registration
statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-203477) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2015)
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consent of Han Kun Law Offices
Consent of Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document—this instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its
XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
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Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
Description of Documents
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
176
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The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and
authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
SIGNATURES
Baozun Inc.
/s/ Arthur Yu
By:
Name: Arthur Yu
Title
Chief Financial Officer
Date: April 25, 2023
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BAOZUN INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company
Pages
F-2
F-4
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-11
F-46
F-1
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Baozun Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Baozun Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31,
2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, change in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 18
(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control —
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated
April 25, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Convenience Translation
Our audits also comprehended the translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts and, in our opinion, such
translation has been made in conformity with the basis stated in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. Such United States
dollar amounts are presented solely for the convenience of readers in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the
Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to
the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical
audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the
critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Goodwill - Baozun Reporting Unit — Refer to Notes 2(p) to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company’s evaluation of goodwill impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of Baozun Reporting Unit (“BZ”) to its
carrying value. The Company used discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value, which requires management to make
significant estimates and assumptions related to discount rates and forecasts of future revenues and operating margins. Changes in these
assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value, the amount of any goodwill impairment charge, or both. The
goodwill balance was RMB336 million as of December 31, 2022, of which RMB79 million was allocated to the Baozun Reporting Unit
(“BZ”). The fair value of BZ was less than its carrying value as of the measurement date and, therefore, an impairment charge of RMB13
million was recognized.
F-2
Table of Contents
We identified the determination of goodwill impairment for BZ as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by
management to assess the fair value of BZ and related goodwill impairment. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an
increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the
reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to selection of the discount rate and forecasts of future revenue and
operating margin, specifically due to the sensitivity of BZ’s operations to changes in the Chinese economy.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to evaluation of the goodwill impairment of BZ included the following, among others:
● We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s goodwill impairment analysis, including controls over the selection
of discount rate used and preparation of forecasts of future revenue and operating margin.
● We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s future revenue and operating margin forecasts by comparing the forecasts to:
– Historical revenues and operating margins;
–
–
Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors;
Forecasted information included in analyst and industry reports for the Company and certain peer companies.
● We evaluated the reasonableness of the fair value of BZ by comparing with the market capitalization of the Company.
● With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology and (2)
discount rate by:
–
Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate and the mathematical accuracy of the
calculation;
– Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management.
● We assessed the competency and qualifications of external valuation specialists engaged by management to assist in their
processes.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP
Shanghai, China
April 25, 2023
We have served as the Group’s auditor since 2014.
F-3
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(All amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of RMB118,724 and RMB120,495 as of December 31,
2021 and 2022, respectively
Inventories
Advances to suppliers
Prepayments and other current assets
Amounts due from related parties
Total current assets
Non-current assets:
Investments in equity investees
Property and equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Land use right, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Other non-current assets
Deferred tax assets
Total non-current assets
TOTAL ASSETS
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term loan
Accounts payable
Notes payable
Income tax payables
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Derivative liabilities
Amounts due to related parties
Current operating lease liabilities
Total current liabilities
Non-current liabilities:
Deferred tax liability
Long-term operating lease liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
TOTAL LIABILITIES
Commitments
2021
RMB
As of December 31,
2022
RMB
4,606,545
93,219
—
2,260,918
1,073,567
527,973
572,774
68,984
9,203,980
330,788
652,886
395,210
40,516
1,095,570
397,904
87,926
114,200
3,115,000
2,144,020
101,704
895,425
2,292,678
942,997
372,612
554,415
93,270
7,397,121
269,693
694,446
310,724
39,490
847,047
336,326
65,114
162,509
2,725,349
US$
(Note 2)
310,854
14,746
129,824
332,407
136,722
54,024
80,382
13,523
1,072,482
39,102
100,685
45,051
5,726
122,810
48,763
9,441
23,562
395,140
12,318,980
10,122,470
1,467,622
2,288,465
494,079
529,603
127,990
984,519
—
73,794
278,176
4,776,626
51,525
883,495
125,985
1,061,005
1,016,071
474,732
487,837
46,828
1,025,540
364,758
30,434
235,445
3,681,645
28,082
673,955
62,450
764,487
147,316
68,830
70,730
6,789
148,689
52,885
4,413
34,136
533,788
4,072
97,714
9,054
110,840
5,837,631
4,446,132
644,628
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Baozun Inc. shareholders’ equity:
2021
RMB
As of December 31,
2022
RMB
1,421,680
1,438,082
US$
(Note 2)
208,502
Class A ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 470,000,000 shares authorized, 195,493,754
and 163,100,873 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022,
respectively)
Class B ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 13,300,738
shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
Treasury shares (8,149,626 and 32,353,269 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2022,
respectively)
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
125
116
17
8
4,959,646
8
5,129,103
1
743,650
(385,942)
425,125
(102,603)
(832,578)
(228,165)
15,678
(120,712)
(33,081)
2,276
Total Baozun Inc. shareholders’ equity
4,896,359
4,084,162
592,151
Non-controlling interests
Total equity
163,310
154,094
22,341
5,059,669
4,238,256
614,492
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS AND
EQUITY
12,318,980 10,122,470
1,467,622
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
For the year ended December 31,
2022
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
RMB
US$
(Note 2)
Net revenues
Product sales
Services (including related party revenues of RMB59,953, RMB95,821 and RMB133,758 for the
years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively)
Total net revenues
Operating expenses:
Cost of products
Fulfillment
Sales and marketing
Technology and content
General and administrative
Other operating income, net
Impairment of goodwill
Total operating expenses
Income from operations
Other income (expenses):
Interest income
Interest expense
Unrealized investment loss
Gain on disposal of investments
Gain on repurchase of 1.625% convertible senior notes due 2024
Impairment loss of investments
Exchange gain (loss)
Fair value loss on derivative liabilities
Income before income tax and share of income in equity method investment
Income tax expense
Share of income (loss) in equity method investment
Net Income (loss)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.:
Basic
Diluted
Net income (loss) per American depositary shares (“ADS”) attributable to ordinary shareholders of
Baozun Inc.:
Basic
Diluted
3,906,611
3,873,589
2,644,214
383,375
4,944,952
8,851,563
5,522,667
9,396,256
5,756,417
8,400,631
834,602
1,217,977
(3,326,243)
(2,259,176)
(2,130,667)
(409,870)
(224,045)
57,115
—
(3,276,571)
(2,661,126)
(2,549,842)
(448,410)
(525,802)
72,516
—
(2,255,950)
(2,719,749)
(2,674,358)
(427,954)
(371,470)
95,292
(13,155)
(327,082)
(394,327)
(387,745)
(62,047)
(53,858)
13,816
(1,907)
(8,292,886)
(9,389,235)
(8,367,344)
(1,213,150)
558,677
7,021
33,287
4,827
41,373
(66,124)
—
—
—
(10,800)
25,725
—
548,851
(127,787)
5,470
62,943
(56,847)
(209,956)
150
—
(3,541)
46,226
—
(154,004)
(55,259)
3,300
45,816
(56,917)
(97,827)
(107,032)
7,907
(8,400)
(32,384)
(364,758)
(580,308)
(26,480)
(3,586)
6,643
(8,252)
(14,184)
(15,518)
1,146
(1,218)
(4,695)
(52,885)
(84,136)
(3,839)
(520)
426,534
(205,963)
(610,374)
(88,495)
(796)
254
425,992
(1,505)
(12,362)
(219,830)
843
(43,759)
(653,290)
122
(6,344)
(94,717)
2.27
2.23
6.82
6.69
(1.02)
(1.02)
(3.56)
(3.56)
(3.05)
(3.05)
(10.69)
(10.69)
(0.52)
(0.52)
(1.55)
(1.55)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax of nil:
Foreign currency translation adjustment
For the year ended December 31,
2022
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
RMB
426,534
(205,963)
(610,374)
US$
(Note 2)
(88,495)
(77,136)
(53,847)
118,281
17,149
Comprehensive income (loss)
349,398
(259,810)
(492,093)
(71,346)
Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
Total comprehensive loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
(796)
254
(1,505)
(12,362)
843
(43,759)
122
(6,344)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
348,856
(273,677)
(535,009)
(77,568)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Ordinary shares
Treasury
shares
Number of
Number of
Additional
paid-in
capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
Total
Baozun
shareholders’ Non-controlling
equity
interests
Total equity
Shares
RMB
RMB
— 2,014,227
RMB
526,009
RMB
28,380
RMB
2,568,731
RMB
21,786
RMB
2,590,517
Shares
188,219,667
RMB
115
— —
—
43,833,700
—
30
— —
1,752,486 —
— —
233,805,853
145
— —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— 425,992
—
—
—
— 3,084,534
108,440
—
—
—
430
—
425,992
542
426,534
—
254
254
3,084,564
108,440
430
(77,136)
(77,136)
— 3,084,564
108,440
—
—
—
430
(77,136)
—
—
—
—
—
— 5,207,631
952,001
(48,756)
6,111,021
22,582
6,133,603
—
— (219,830)
—
(219,830)
13,867
(205,963)
—
—
—
—
— 27,191,731
—
(1,060,353)
—
—
—
—
—
—
— (1,060,353)
(12,362)
(12,362)
— (1,060,353)
(19,042,105)
—
(12)
—
(19,042,105)
—
674,411
—
(367,353)
196,547
(307,046)
—
2,180,370
—
— —
— —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
52
—
(82,094)
4,863
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
196,547
52
(53,847)
(53,847)
(82,094)
—
—
—
—
—
—
196,547
52
(53,847)
(82,094)
4,863
(16,361)
(11,498)
—
155,584
155,584
216,944,118
133
8,149,626
(385,942)
4,959,646
425,125
(102,603)
4,896,359
163,310
5,059,669
— —
—
—
— (653,290)
—
—
—
—
— 24,203,643
—
(446,636)
(12,692,328)
—
(9)
—
4,503,090 —
— —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
142,381
3
—
1,095
—
26,029
(60)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(653,290)
42,916
(610,374)
—
(446,636)
—
142,381
3
(43,759)
—
(43,759)
(446,636)
—
—
—
—
—
142,381
3
118,281
118,281
118,281
—
—
—
—
1,095
—
(6,465)
(5,370)
9,830
9,830
26,029
(12,098)
13,931
(60)
360
300
208,754,880 124 32,353,269
(832,578) 5,129,103
(228,165)
15,678
4,084,162
154,094
4,238,256
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
Balance as of January 1, 2020
Net income
Net income attributable to
redeemable non-controlling
interests
Issuance of ordinary shares upon
Hong Kong public offering
Share-based compensation
Exercise of share options and
vesting of RSUs
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
Balance as of December 31,
2020
Net loss
Net income attributable to
redeemable non-controlling
interests
Share repurchases
Cancellation of shares
repurchased
Share-based compensation
Exercise of share options and
vesting of RSUs
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
Tax effect relating to the
investment from Cainiao (Note
15)
Acquisition of non-controlling
interest
Non-controlling interest
acquired from business
combinations
Balance as of December 31,
2021
Net loss
Net income attributable to
redeemable non-controlling
interests
Share repurchases
Cancellation and return of
loaned ADS (Note 11)
Share-based compensation
Exercise of share options and
vesting of RSUs
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
Acquisition of non-controlling
interest
Consolidation of subsidiaries
with noncontrolling interests
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary
due to loss of control
Capital contribution from
noncontrolling interests
Balance as of December 31,
2022
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities:
Provision for allowance for credit losses
Inventory write-down
Share-based compensation
Depreciation and amortization
Amortization of issuance cost of convertible senior notes
Deferred income tax
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
(Gain) loss on disposal of subsidiaries and investment in equity investee
Share of income (loss) in equity method investment
Impairment loss of investments
Unrealized loss related to investment securities
Exchange loss (gain)
Impairment of goodwill
Fair value loss on contingent consideration payable
Fair value loss on derivative liabilities
Gain on repurchase of 1.625% convertible senior notes due 2024
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Advances to suppliers
Prepayments and other current assets
Amounts due from related parties
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Other non-current assets
Accounts payable
Notes payable
Income tax payables
Amounts due to related party
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment
Purchases of investment securities
Purchases of short-term investments
Cash outflow upon disposal of equity interest in subsidiaries
Maturity of short-term investments
Additions of intangible assets
Investment in equity investees
Net cash received (paid) for business combination
Disposal of equity investments
Loan to a related party
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
For the year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
US$
(Note 2)
426,534
(205,963)
(610,374)
(88,495)
2,715
108,461
108,440
151,724
25,229
(563)
5,515
—
(5,470)
10,800
—
3,065
—
—
—
—
(400,112)
(237,680)
(70,941)
(50,499)
(21,612)
(84,199)
(10,070)
(450,817)
290,128
(9,378)
38,201
392,831
87,712
310,014
105,825
89,516
196,547
206,936
23,673
(63,655)
8,314
(150)
(3,300)
3,541
209,956
(14,015)
—
—
—
—
(98,601)
(137,044)
(243,776)
3,120
(19,249)
(570,777)
(28,742)
39,311
28,783
(26,693)
28,796
(254,576)
626,116
(96,107)
1,494
161,596
142,381
196,543
7,861
(56,115)
1,229
107,032
3,586
8,400
97,827
804
13,155
9,495
364,758
(7,907)
(42,366)
(31,026)
158,312
(134,949)
(8,921)
248,523
22,812
57,448
(41,766)
(81,162)
(43,360)
89,566
(252,271)
382,605
217
23,429
20,643
28,496
1,140
(8,136)
178
15,518
520
1,218
14,184
117
1,907
1,377
52,885
(1,146)
(6,142)
(4,498)
22,953
(19,566)
(1,293)
36,032
3,307
8,329
(6,056)
(11,767)
(6,287)
12,985
(36,576)
55,473
(111,054)
(285,586)
— (324,464)
(954,905)
(1,977,841)
—
1,541,453
(47,525)
(21,300)
(100)
—
—
(616,367)
—
2,388,364
(67,194)
(163,166)
(208,429)
—
(8,800)
375,820
(206,956)
—
(907,790)
(1,902)
10,000
(52,286)
(63,225)
(77,738)
8,600
(15,364)
(1,306,661)
(30,006)
—
(131,617)
(276)
1,450
(7,581)
(9,167)
(11,271)
1,247
(2,228)
(189,449)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
For the year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares upon public offering in Hong Kong
Payment for public offering costs
Proceeds from short-term borrowings
Repayment of short-term borrowings
Repurchase of ordinary shares
Proceeds from sale of a subsidiary’s equity interest to Cainiao
Proceeds from exercises of stock options
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance cost paid
Acquisition of non-controlling interests of subsidiaries
Repurchase and redemption of convertible senior notes
Payment of contingent consideration for acquisition of Full Jet (Note 9(a))
3,127,305
(31,666)
235,389
(663,879)
—
(11,075)
548,462
—
— (1,060,353)
1,290,847
—
52
430
—
(742)
—
(17,980)
—
—
—
—
1,843,457
(1,375,847)
(446,636)
101,189
3
—
(5,371)
— (1,759,973)
(7,224)
—
(1,650,402)
US$
(Note 2)
—
—
267,276
(199,479)
(64,756)
14,671
—
—
(779)
(255,172)
(1,047)
(239,286)
Net cash provided (used in) by financing activities
2,666,837
749,953
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
2,360,484
1,029,666
(2,574,458)
(373,262)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year
1,526,810
3,731,019
4,699,764
737,495
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(156,275)
(60,921)
120,418
(38,633)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year
3,731,019
4,699,764
2,245,724
325,600
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the statement of
financial position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows.
2020
RMB
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
RMB
2022
US$
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash
flows
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income tax
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid Hong Kong public offering costs
Purchases of property and equipment included in payables
Consideration payable (Note 9)
Subscription receivable from a non-controlling shareholder
Settlement of loan to related parties through offsetting accounts receivable
3,579,665 4,606,545 2,144,020 310,854
14,746
101,704
151,354
93,219
3,731,019 4,699,764 2,245,724 325,600
For the Year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
US$
38,665
137,727
29,819
145,606
47,141
163,525
6,835
23,709
11,075
6,456
—
—
—
—
40,591
220,604
101,686
—
—
23,182
—
—
3,220
—
3,361
—
—
467
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
Table of Contents
BAOZUN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
1. Organization and Principal Activities
Baozun Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands on December 18, 2013. The Company, its
subsidiaries and its VIE (collectively referred to as the “Group”) are principally engaged to provide its customers with end-to-end E-
commerce solutions including the sales of apparel, home and electronic products, online store design and setup, visual merchandising
and marketing, online store operations, customer services, warehousing and order fulfillment.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s major subsidiaries and VIE are as follows:
Subsidiaries:
Baozun Hong Kong Holding Limited
Shanghai Baozun E-commerce Limited (“Shanghai Baozun”)
Shanghai Bodao E-commerce Limited
Shanghai Yingsai Advertisement Limited
Baozun Hongkong Limited
Shanghai Fengbo E-commerce Limited
Baozun Hongkong Investment Limited
Baotong Inc.
Baotong Hong Kong Holding Limited
Baotong E-logistics Technology (Suzhou) Limited
VIE:
Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd.
2. Summary of Significant Principal Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of presentation
Date of
Place of
Legal
incorporation incorporation ownership
10-Jan-14
11-Nov-03
30-Mar-10
30-Mar-10
11-Sep-13
29-Dec-11
21-July-15
19-Jun-19
5-May-16
27-Mar-17
HK
PRC
PRC
PRC
HK
PRC
HK
Cayman
HK
PRC
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
70 %
70 %
70 %
31-Dec-10
PRC
N/A
The consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States of America (‘‘U.S. GAAP’’).
(b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE. All
transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries and the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.
A consolidated subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting
power or has the power to: appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; cast a majority of votes at the
meeting of the board of directors; or govern the financial and operating policies of the investee under a statute or agreement among the
shareholders or equity holders.
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U.S. GAAP provides guidance on the identification of VIE and financial reporting for entities over which control is achieved
through means other than voting interests. The Group evaluates each of its interests in an entity to determine whether or not the investee
is a VIE and, if so, whether the Group is the primary beneficiary of such VIE. In determining whether the Group is the primary
beneficiary, the Group considers if the Group (1) has power to direct the activities that most significantly affects the economic
performance of the VIE, and (2)receives the economic benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. If deemed the primary
beneficiary, the Group consolidates the VIE.
The VIE arrangements
Applicable PRC laws and regulations currently limit foreign ownership of companies that provide internet content distribution
services. The Company is deemed a foreign legal person under PRC laws and accordingly subsidiaries owned by the Company are
ineligible to engage in provisions of internet content or online services.
Shanghai Zunyi was established by two of the Company’s Founding Shareholders in December 2010 and had no operations
until July 2014. To provide the Group effective control over Shanghai Zunyi and receive substantially all of the economic benefits of
Shanghai Zunyi, Shanghai Baozun entered into a series of contractual arrangements, described below, with Shanghai Zunyi and its
individual shareholders.
The agreements that provide the Company effective control over the VIE include:
(i)
Proxy Agreement, under which each shareholder of Shanghai Zunyi has executed a power of attorney to grant Shanghai
Baozun the power of attorney to act on his behalf on all matters pertaining to Shanghai Zunyi and to exercise all of the rights as a
shareholder of the Shanghai Zunyi, including but not limited to convene, attend and vote at shareholders’ meetings, designate and
appoint directors and senior management members. The proxy agreement has an initial term of 20 years and will be automatically
renewed on a yearly basis thereafter unless otherwise notified by Shanghai Baozun. Exclusive Call Option Agreement, under which the
shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi granted Shanghai Baozun or its designated representative(s) an irrevocable and exclusive option to
purchase their equity interests in Shanghai Zunyi when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. Shanghai Baozun or its designated
representative(s) has sole discretion as to when to exercise such options, either in part or in full. Without Shanghai Baozun’s written
consent, the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi shall not transfer,
(ii) donate, pledge, or otherwise dispose any equity interests of Shanghai Zunyi in any way. The acquisition price for the
shares or assets will be the minimum amount of consideration permitted under the PRC law at the time when the option is exercised. The
agreement can be early terminated by Shanghai Baozun, but not by Shanghai Zunyi or its shareholders.
The agreements that transfer economic benefits to the Company include:
(i) Exclusive Technology Service Agreement, under which Shanghai Zunyi engages Shanghai Baozun as its exclusive
technical and operational consultant and under which Shanghai Baozun agrees to assist in arranging the financial support necessary to
conduct Shanghai Zunyi’s operational activities. Shanghai Zunyi shall not seek or accept similar services from other providers without
the prior written approval of Shanghai Baozun. The agreement has a term of twenty years and will be automatically renewed on a yearly
basis after expiration unless otherwise notified by Shanghai Baozun, and shall be terminated if the operation term of either Shanghai
Baozun or Shanghai Zunyi expires. Shanghai Baozun may terminate this agreement at any time by giving a prior written notice to
Shanghai Zunyi.
(ii) Equity Interest Pledge Agreements, under which the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi pledged all of their equity interests in
Shanghai Zunyi to Shanghai Baozun as security of due performance of the obligations and full payment of consulting and service fees by
VIE under the Exclusive Technology Service Agreement and other amounts payable by the individual shareholders to Shanghai Baozun
under other agreements. If the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi or Shanghai Zunyi breach their respective contractual obligations,
Shanghai Baozun, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to dispose the pledged equity interests. Pursuant to the
agreement, the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi shall not transfer, assign or otherwise create any new encumbrance on their respective
equity interest in Shanghai Zunyi without prior written consent of Shanghai Baozun. The pledge shall be continuously valid until all the
obligations and payments due under the Exclusive Technology Service Agreement and certain other agreements have been fulfilled.
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These contractual arrangements allow the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Baozun, to effectively
control Shanghai Zunyi, and to derive substantially all of the economic benefits from them. Accordingly, the Company treats Shanghai
Zunyi as VIE and because the Company is the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Zunyi, the Company has consolidated the financial
results of Shanghai Zunyi since July 2014.
Risks in relation to the VIE structure
The Company believes that the contractual arrangements with Shanghai Zunyi are in compliance with PRC law and are legally
enforceable based on the legal advice of the Company’s PRC legal counsel. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit
the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and the interests of the shareholders of Shanghai Zunyi may diverge
from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms, for
example by influencing Shanghai Zunyi not to pay the service fees when required to do so.
The Company’s ability to control Shanghai Zunyi also depends on the power of attorney Shanghai Baozun has to vote on all
matters requiring shareholder approval. As noted above, the Company believes this power of attorney is legally enforceable but may not
be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of
any existing PRC laws and regulations, the Group may be subject to fines and the PRC government could:
● revoke the Group’s business and operating licenses;
● require the Group to discontinue or restrict the Group’s operations;
● restrict the Group’s right to collect revenues;
● block the Group’s websites;
● require the Group to restructure its operations in such a way as to compel the Group to establish a new enterprise, re-apply
for the necessary licenses or relocate its businesses, staff and assets;
● impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply; or
● take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Group that could be harmful to its business.
The imposition of any of these penalties may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct its
business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes the Group to lose the rights to direct the activities of Shanghai
Zunyi or the right to receive its economic benefits, the Group would no longer be able to consolidate the entity.
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The following amounts and balances of Shanghai Zunyi and its subsidiary were included in the Group’s consolidated financial
statement after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:
Cash and cash equivalent
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Advance to suppliers
Amounts due from related parties
Prepayments and other current assets
Property and equipment, net
Intangible assets
Total assets
Accounts payable
Amounts due to related parties
Income tax payables
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Total liabilities
Net revenues(1)
Net income(2)
Net cash provided by operating activities(3)
Net cash used in investing activities
As of
December 31,
2021
RMB
13,946
262,556
3,033
966
420
4,442
1,797
13,084
300,244
19,331
—
497
49,259
69,087
For Year Ended
December 31,
2021
RMB
809,547
47,090
(7,440)
(10,246)
2020
RMB
869,580
87,897
14,050
(15,997)
2022
RMB
44,076
220,229
160
2,041
3
1,632
1,495
38,126
307,762
19,469
15,727
959
81,374
117,529
2022
RMB
616,206
24,911
31,698
(4,053)
(1) Included inter-company service revenue generated from other consolidated subsidiaries of RMB20,590, RMB61,333 and
RMB43,846 for the year ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively
(2) Included inter-company service fees charged by other consolidated subsidiaries of RMB558,948, RMB599,693 and RMB452,139
for the year ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively
(3) Included inter-company operating cash outflow of RMB735,580, RMB757,749 and RMB152,201 for the years ended December 31,
2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
The VIE contributed 9.82%, 8.62% and 6.81% of the consolidated net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021
and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the VIE accounted for 2.44% and 3.04% of the consolidated total assets, and
1.18% and 2.63% of the consolidated total liabilities, respectively.
There are no assets of the VIE that are collateral for the obligations of the VIE and can only be used to settle the obligations of
the VIE. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests that require the
Company or its subsidiaries to provide financial support to the VIE.
However, if the VIE ever needs financial support, the Company or its subsidiaries may, at its option and subject to statutory
limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIE through loans to the shareholders of the VIE or entrustment loans to the VIE.
Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the VIE from transferring a portion of their net assets, equivalent to the balance of its paid-in
capital, additional paid-in capital and statutory reserve, to the Company in the form of loans and advances or cash dividends.
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(c) Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, related disclosures of contingent liabilities at the balance sheet
date, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported period in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying
notes. Significant accounting estimates are used for inventory write-down, assumptions used in purchase price allocation arising from
business combination and impairment of goodwill.
(d) Fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or
permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it
considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair
value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the
lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows:
● Level 1-inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
● Level 2-inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar
instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are
observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or
liabilities.
● Level 3-inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based
techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
The Group’s short-term financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments,
receivables, payables, other current assets, amounts due from related parties, other current liabilities, amounts due to related parties and
short-term loan. The carrying amounts of these short-term financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term
maturity of these instruments. The carrying amounts of the long-term time deposits and long-term bank borrowings approximate their
fair values as the interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market. The fair value of the convertible senior notes
is determined based on the bid price provided by the financial institution selling the Company’s convertible senior notes. As of December
31, 2021, the fair value of convertible senior notes with the carrying amount of RMB1,740,004 is estimated to be approximately
RMB1,340,636. The Company repurchased and redeemed all the outstanding convertible senior notes in the year ended December 31,
2022.
The Group measures equity method investments at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be impaired. The
fair values of these investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available. An impairment
charge to these investments is recorded when the carrying amount of an investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined
to be other-than-temporary. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, impairment of nil, RMB3,541 and nil was
recorded for the equity method investments, respectively.
For equity investments over which the Group has no significant influence and that do not have readily determinable fair values,
the Group elected to measure them at cost minus impairment, if any, and plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes
in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Certain of such equity investments were measured at
fair value due to the recognition of impairment losses. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, impairment of
RMB10,800, nil and RMB8,400 was recorded for the equity securities without readily determinable fair value, respectively.
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(e) Concentration and risks
Concentration of customers and suppliers
The following customer accounted for 10% or more of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022:
A
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
989,904
2020
RMB
1,275,875
2022
RMB
1,094,564
The following customer accounted for 10% or more of balances of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2021 and 2022:
A
As of December 31,
2022
RMB
477,915
2021
RMB
476,851
The following supplier accounted for 10% or more of purchases for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022:
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2020
RMB
B
Concentration of credit risk
1,813,669
1,487,017 1,007,377
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and
cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, short-term investments, amounts due from related parties and long-term time
deposits. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and
long-term time deposits were held by major financial institutions located in the PRC, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan which management
believes are of high credit quality. Accounts receivable and amounts due from related parties are typically unsecured and are derived
from revenues earned from customers in the PRC. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by credit evaluations the
Group performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances.
Foreign Currency Risk
Renminbi (“RMB”) is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration of Foreign Exchange, under the authority of
the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central
government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign
Exchange Trading System market. The Group had aggregated amounts of RMB2,990,756 and RMB1,898,378 of cash and cash
equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments denominated in RMB as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
(f) Foreign currency translation
The Group’s reporting currency is RMB. The functional currency of the Company is the United States dollar (“US$”). The
functional currency of the Group’s entities incorporated in Hong Kong is Hong Kong dollars (“HK$”). The functional currency of the
Group’s subsidiaries in PRC is RMB.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the applicable functional currencies are translated into the
functional currencies at the prevailing rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into
the applicable functional currencies at historical exchange rates. Transactions in currencies other than the applicable functional currencies
during the year are converted into the functional currencies at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing at the transaction dates.
Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
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Assets and liabilities are translated from each entity’s functional currency to the reporting currency at the exchange rate on the
balance sheet date. Equity amounts are translated at historical exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated
using the average rate for the year. Translation adjustments are reported as foreign currency translation adjustment and are shown as a
separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and
consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(g) Convenience translation
The Group’s business is primarily conducted in PRC and almost all of its revenues are denominated in RMB. However, periodic
reports made to shareholders will include current period amounts translated into USD using the then current exchange rates, for the
convenience of the readers. Translations of balances in the consolidated balance sheets, and consolidated statements of operations,
comprehensive loss and cash flows from RMB into USD as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 are solely for the convenience
of the readers outside PRC and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB6.8972 representing the noon buying rate set forth in the
H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 30, 2022. No representation is made that the RMB amounts
could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into USD at that rate on December 30, 2022, or at any other rate.
(h) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of
less than three months.
(i) Restricted cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of (i) minimum cash deposits or cash collateral deposits required to be maintained with
certain banks under the Group’s borrowing arrangements or in relation to bank guarantees issued on behalf of the Group (ii) deposit
required by its business partners and (iii) security for issuance of commercial acceptance notes mainly relating to purchase of inventories.
In the event that the obligation to maintain such deposits is expected to be terminated within the next twelve months, these deposits are
classified as current assets. Otherwise, they are classified as non-current assets. All restricted cash is held by major financial institutions
in segregated accounts.
(j) Short-term investments
Short-term investments primarily comprise of time deposits with maturities between three months and one year.
(k) Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable represents amounts due from customers and are recorded net of allowance for credit losses. The Group has
developed a current expected credit loss model based on historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality
of its customers, current economic conditions, forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to
collect from customers.
(l) Inventories
Inventories consisting of products available for sale, are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost of inventories is determined
using the weighted average cost method. Valuation of inventories is based on currently available information about expected recoverable
value. The estimate is dependent upon factors such as historical trends of similar merchandise, inventory aging, historical and forecasted
consumer demand and promotional environment.
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(m) Investments
The Group uses the equity method to account for an equity investment over which it has significant influence but does not own
a majority equity interest or otherwise control. The Group records equity method adjustments in share of earnings and losses. Equity
method adjustments include the Group’s proportionate share of investee income or loss, adjustments to recognize certain differences
between the Group’s carrying value and its equity in net assets of the investee at the date of investment, impairments, and other
adjustments required by the equity method. Dividends received are recorded as a reduction of carrying amount of the investment.
Cumulative distributions that do not exceed the Group’s cumulative equity in earnings of the investee are considered as a return on
investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities. Cumulative distributions in excess of the Group’s cumulative equity
in the investee’s earnings are considered as a return of investment and classified as cash inflows from investing activities.
Equity investments with readily determinable fair value and over which the Group does not have significant influence are
initially and subsequently recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in earnings.
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values and over which the Group does not have significant influence are
measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, and plus or minus
changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes.
(n) Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Property and equipment are
depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less impairment and residual value, if any, over the estimated useful lives on a
straight-line basis. The estimated useful lives and residual rates are as follows:
Classification
Electronic devices
Vehicle
Furniture and office equipment
Machinery
Buildings
Leasehold improvement
Useful years
3 years
5 years
5 years
10 years
44 years
Over the shorter of the expected life of leasehold improvements or the lease term
Residual rate
0% - 5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
0%
Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred, whereas the cost of renewals and betterment that extends the
useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Gains and losses from the disposal of property
and equipment are included the consolidated statements of operations.
(o) Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets and the related useful lives are as follows:
Item
Internally developed software
Trademark
Supplier relationship
Customer relationship
Brand
Franchising
Technology
Useful years
3 years
10 years
10 years
From 2 years to 10 years
5 years
8 years
From 3 years to 5 years
Intangible assets are recorded at the cost to acquire these assets less accumulated amortization. Amortization of intangible assets
is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.
For internally developed software, the Group expenses all internal-use software costs incurred in the preliminary project stage
and capitalized direct costs associated with the development of internal-use software. The internally developed software consisted mainly
of order management, customer management and retailing solution systems.
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Trademark, supplier relationship, customer relationship, brand, franchising and technology are acquired from the Group’s
business combinations.
(p) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets
acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquired entity as a result of the Company’s acquisition of interests in a subsidiary. Goodwill is
not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it
might be impaired.
Goodwill is not depreciated or amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of December 31, and in between
annual tests when an event occurs or circumstances change that could indicate that the asset might be impaired. In accordance with ASU
2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”) issued by the
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance on testing of goodwill for impairment, the Group first assesses qualitative
factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If as a result
of its qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the
quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a
comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of each reporting
unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and its carrying amount
will be recorded.
The Group determined that there were four reporting units as of December 31, 2022, BolTone, Morefun, eFashion and Baozun
with goodwill balances of RMB75,761, RMB59,090, RMB135,515, and RMB79,115, respectively. The Group performed qualitative
assessment for all the reporting units and concluded only for Baozun reporting unit, it was more likely than not the fair value was less
than the carrying value and therefore performed quantitative impairment test on the goodwill of Baozun reporting unit using discounted
cash flow method based on the forecast for future operations.
The Group recognized impairment loss of RMB nil, nil and 13,155 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022,
respectively.
(q) Impairment of long-lived assets
The Group evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets with determinable useful lives whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Group measures the carrying amount of long-lived
asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. Impairment exists when the sum of the expected future net
cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated. Impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying
value of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is estimated based on various valuation techniques and assumptions including future
cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated and discount rate. These assumptions require significant judgment and may differ
from actual results. No impairment was recognized for any of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.
(r) Revenue
The Group provides brand e-commerce solutions to its brand partners. And its revenues are derived principally from product
sales and provision of services.
Product Sales
The Group generates product sales revenues primarily through selling products purchased from brand partners and/or their
authorized distributors to customers under the distribution model. Under this model, the Group identifies one performance obligation
which is to sell goods directly to the customers through online stores it operates. Revenue under the distribution model is recognized on a
gross basis and presented as product sales on the consolidated statements of operations, because (i) the Group rather than the brand
partner, is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good; (ii) the Group bears the physical and general
inventory risk once the products are delivered to its warehouse; and (iii) the Group has discretion in establishing price.
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Product sales, net of discounts, return allowances, value added tax and related surcharges are recognized when customers accept
the products upon delivery. Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Group expects to receive in exchange for
transferring products to customers. Return allowances, which reduce revenue, are estimated utilizing the most likely amount method
based on historical data the Group has maintained and its analysis of returns by categories of products.
The majority of the Group’s customers make online payments through third-party payment platforms when they place orders on
websites of the Group’s online stores. The funds will not be released to the Group by these third-party payment platforms until the
customers accept the delivery of the products at which point the Group recognizes sales of products. A portion of the Group’s customers
pay upon the receipt of products. The Group’s delivery service providers collect the payments from its customers for the Group. The
Group records a receivable on the balance sheet with respect to cash held by third-party couriers.
Services
The Group acts as a service provider, under the consignment or service fee model, to facilitate its brand partners’ online sales of
their branded products with the performance obligations to provide a variety of e-commerce services, which may include any
combination of IT solutions, online store operation, digital marketing, customer service and warehousing and fulfillment services. Each
type of the services provided is considered as one performance obligation as they are distinct from other services. Most of the Group’s
service contracts include multiple performance obligations. The Group charges its brand partners a combination of fixed fees and/or
variable fees based on the value of merchandise sold, number of orders fulfilled or other variable factors. The transaction price is
allocated to each performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. The Group generally determines the stand-alone
selling price based on the prices charged to comparable customers or expected cost plus margin.
Revenue generated from IT solutions such as one-time online store design and setup services is recognized when the services
are rendered while revenue generated from other types of services are recognized over the service term. The Group applies the practical
expedient to recognize revenue from the services, except for one-time online store design and setup services, in the amount which the
Group has a right to invoice on a monthly basis with a credit period of one month to four months.
The Group acts as the principal in its service provision but not in product sales of its brand partners, and therefore, only
recognizes service fees as revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. All the costs that the Group incurs in the provision of
services are classified as operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
Contract balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable represents amounts
invoiced and revenue recognized prior to invoicing when the Group has satisfied its performance obligation and has the unconditional
right to payment.
The Group sometimes receives advance payments from consumers before the service is rendered, which is recorded as advance
from customers included in the accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions
The Group elects not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected
length of one year or less (ii) contracts for which the Group recognizes revenue at the amount it has the right to invoice for services
performed and (iii) contracts with variable consideration related to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.
(s) Cost of products
Cost of product consists of the purchase price of products and inbound shipping charges, as well as inventory write-downs.
Shipping charges to receive products from the suppliers are included in the inventories, and recognized as cost of products upon sale of
the products to the customers. Cost of products does not include other direct costs related to product sales such as shipping and handling
expense, payroll and benefits of logistic staff, logistic centers rental expenses and depreciation expenses, etc. Therefore, the Group’s cost
of products may not be comparable to other companies which include such expenses in their cost of products.
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(t) Rebates
Rebates are provided by brand partners under the distribution model and determined based on the product purchase volume on a
monthly, quarterly or annual basis. The Group accounts for the volume rebates as a reduction to the price it pays for the products subject
to the rebate determination. Volume rebates are estimated based on the Group’s past experience and current forecasts and recognized as
the Group makes progress towards the purchase threshold. Rebates are also provided as negotiated between the Group and its brand
partners, which is recorded as reductions of cost of products in the consolidated statements of operations when the amounts are agreed by
both parties.
(u) Fulfillment
Fulfillment costs represent shipping and handling expenses, payment processing and related transaction costs, rental expenses of
leased warehouses, packaging material costs and costs incurred in outbound shipping, and operating and staffing the Group’s fulfillment
and customer service center, including costs attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting and warehousing inventories and picking,
packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment.
(v) Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist of payroll, bonus and benefits of sales and marketing staff, advertising costs, agency fees
and costs for promotional materials. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.
Advertising and promotion costs are primarily related to the provision of marketing and promotion services to brand clients and
consist of fees the Group pays to third party venders for advertising and promotion on various online and offline channels. Such costs
were included as sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled RMB1,142,347, RMB 1,359,991 and
RMB1,324,908 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
(w) Technology and content
Technology and content expenses consist primarily of technology infrastructure expenses, payroll and related expenses for
employees in technology and system department, editorial content costs, as well as costs associated with computers, storage and
telecommunication infrastructure for internal use.
(x) General and administrative
General and administrative expenses consist of payroll related expenses for corporate employees, professional service fees,
allowance for credit losses and other corporate overhead costs.
(y) Other operating income (expense), net
Other operating income mainly consists of government subsidies.
Government subsidies consist of cash subsidies received by the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC from local governments.
Subsidies received as incentives for conducting business in certain local districts with no performance obligation or other restriction as to
the use are recognized when cash is received. Cash subsidies of RMB40,089, RMB 41,256 and RMB 72,883 were included in other
operating income (expenses), net for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Subsidies received with
performance obligations are recognized when all the obligations have been fulfilled.
(z) Share-based compensation
The Company grants share options and restricted share units to eligible employees, management and directors and accounts for
these share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation-Stock Compensation.
Employees’ share-based awards are measured at the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expenses (a)
immediately at grant date if no vesting conditions are required; or (b) over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures.
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All transactions in which goods or services are received in exchange for equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair
value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.
In determining the fair value of the restricted share units granted, the closing market price of the underlying shares on the grant
date is applied.
Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in the subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those
estimates.
For modification of share-based awards, the Company records the incremental fair value of the modified award as share-based
compensation on the date of modification for vested awards or over the remaining vesting period for unvested awards with any
remaining unrecognized compensation expenses of the original awards. The incremental compensation is the excess of the fair value of
the modified award on the date of modification over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification.
(aa) Income tax
Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The Group accounts for
current income taxes on the basis of net income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not
assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions.
The Group accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities
are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts and tax bases of existing assets
and liabilities by applying enacted statutory tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the temporary differences are expected
to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely
than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is
recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.
The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return is recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-
than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less
than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest and penalties on income taxes will be classified as a component of the provisions for
income taxes.
(ab) Operating leases as lessee
Under the lease accounting standard, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception.
For operating leases, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments
over the lease term on the consolidated balance sheets at commencement date. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate
based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental
borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic
environments where the leased asset is located. Lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components of contracts and the short-term
lease exemption for all contracts with lease terms of 12 months or less.
The land use right acquired in 2017 represents lease prepayments to the local government authorities which is separately
presented in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines its land use right agreement contains an operating lease. Land use
right is carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses.
Amortization has been provided on a straight-line basis over 44 years, the life of the land use right. The amortization expenses
of the land use right were RMB1,026 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2022
the land use right has a remaining useful life of 39 years.
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(ac) Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and
distributions to owners. For the periods presented, the Group’s comprehensive income includes net income and foreign currency
translation adjustments and is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(ad) Earnings (Loss) per share
Basic earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by weighted average
number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per ordinary share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue
ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares, which consist of the ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of
the convertible senior notes (using the if-converted method) and ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and vest of
restricted share units (using the treasury stock method).
The loaned shares under the ADS lending agreement are excluded from both the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation
unless default of the ADS lending arrangement occurs, which the Group considers improbable.
(ae) Redeemable non-controlling interests
Redeemable non-controlling interests (“RNCI”) represent interests of certain third parties that are not mandatorily redeemable
but redeemable for cash at a fixed or determinable price or a fixed or determinable date, at the option of the holder or upon the
occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the Company. These interests are classified in the “redeemable non-
controlling interest” section of the consolidated balance sheet, outside of shareholders’ equity. RNCI are initially recorded at the
acquisition date fair value. Subsequently, if it is probable that RNCI will become redeemable, they are recorded at the higher of (1) the
cumulative amount that would result from applying the measurement guidance in ASC 810-10 (i.e., initial carrying amount, increased or
decreased for the noncontrolling interest’s share of net income or loss, OCI or other comprehensive loss, and dividends) or (2) the
redemption price. If it is not probable that RNCI will become redeemable, they are recorded at the amount based on step (1) and when
the redemption becomes probable, the Group recognizes changes in the redemption price immediately.
(af) Business combinations
U.S. GAAP requires that all business combinations to be accounted for under the acquisition method. Following the acquisition
method, the cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair value at the date of exchange of the assets given, liabilities
incurred, and equity instruments issued. The costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets,
liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair value as of the acquisition date, irrespective
of the extent of any non-controlling interests. The excess of (i) the total of cost of acquisition, fair value of the non-controlling interests
and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of
the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the
difference is recognized directly in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The determination and allocation of fair values to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on various
assumptions and valuation methodologies requiring considerable management judgments. The most significant variables in these
valuations are discount rates, terminal values, the number of years on which to base the cash flow projections, as well as the assumptions
and estimates used to determine the cash inflows and outflows. Management determines discount rates to be used based on the risk
inherent in the related activity’s current business model and industry comparisons. Terminal values are based on the expected life of
assets and forecasted life cycle and forecasted cash flows over that period. Although the Group believes that the assumptions applied in
the determination are reasonable based on information available at the date of acquisition, actual results may differ from the forecasted
amounts and the difference could be material.
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(ag) Treasury Stock
Treasury shares represent ordinary shares repurchased by the Company that are no longer outstanding and are held by the
Company. The repurchase of ordinary shares is accounted for under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is
recorded as treasury stock. When the treasury stock is retired, an excess of repurchase price over par is allocated between additional paid-
in capital and retained earnings.
(ah) Segment information
The Group uses management approach to determine operating segments. The management approach considers the internal
organization and reporting used by the Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions about resource
allocation and performance assessment. The Group’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer who reviews the
consolidated results of operations when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. The Group
operates and manages its business as a single operating segment.
(ai) Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In December, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 to defer the sunset date of ASC 848 until December 31, 2024. The Update
extends the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance. The ASU became effective upon issuance. In
December 2022, we adopted the updated standard and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial
statements and related disclosures.
3. Revenue
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, substantially all of the Group’s revenues were generated in the PRC.
The disaggregated revenues by types and the timing of transfer of goods or services were as follows:
Disaggregation of revenues
Product sales
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
3,873,589
2020
RMB
3,906,611
2022
RMB
2,644,214
Service
- online store operations, digital marketing, customer service, warehousing and fulfillment
and IT maintenance service which revenues are recognized over time
4,927,875
5,479,799
5,675,173
- one-time online store design and setup services which revenues are recognized at point of
time
Total revenue
Contract Liability
17,077
42,868
81,244
8,851,563
9,396,256
8,400,631
The movement of the advances from customers for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:
Opening Balance as of January 1, 2021
Net decrease
Ending Balance as of December 31, 2021
Net increase
Ending Balance as of December 31, 2022
F-24
Advances from
Customers
65,264
(1,587)
63,677
57,181
120,858
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Revenues amounted to RMB 65,264 and RMB 63,677 were recognized in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022
respectively, that were included in the balance of advance from customers at the beginning of the respective year.
4. Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following:
Accounts receivable
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance at beginning of the year
Additions
Exchange loss
Write-offs
Balance at end of the year
Accounts receivable, net
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
2,379,642
2022
RMB
2,413,173
(12,949)
(105,825)
—
50
(118,724)
(1,494)
(7,921)
7,644
(118,724)
(120,495)
2,260,918
2,292,678
In September 2021, the Group filed an arbitration against one of its distributors due to its default on payment and provided
allowance of RMB93.3 million of accounts receivable for the year ended December 31, 2021.
5. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
Products
Packing materials and others
Inventories
Inventory write-down:
Balance at beginning of the year
Additions
Write-offs
Balance at end of the year
Inventories, net
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
1,180,768
80
2022
RMB
1,077,962
71
1,180,848
1,078,033
(99,509)
(89,516)
81,744
(107,281)
(161,596)
133,841
(107,281)
(135,036)
1,073,567
942,997
Inventories write-downs of RMB108,461, RMB 89,516 and RMB 161,596 were recorded in cost of products in the consolidated
statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
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6. Prepayments and other current assets
Prepayments and other current assets consist of the following:
Rebate receivable from suppliers
Value-added tax (“VAT”) recoverable
Prepaid expenses
Deposits (1)
Interest receivables
Employee advances (2)
Subscription receivable from Cainiao (3)
Others
Prepayment and other current assets
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
288,150
—
108,673
50,121
604
7,707
101,686
15,833
2022
RMB
239,816
125,644
84,268
62,889
11,352
8,428
—
22,018
572,774
554,415
(1) Deposits represent rental deposits and deposits paid to third-party platforms.
(2) Employee advances represent cash advanced to online store managers for store daily operation, such as online store promotion
activities.
(3) The balance represents the subscription receivable from Cainiao.
7. Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:
Electronic devices
Vehicle
Furniture and office equipment
Leasehold improvement
Machinery
Buildings
Total
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, net
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
229,328
7,323
139,886
444,044
50,355
201,129
2022
RMB
235,628
5,241
151,498
565,497
61,889
201,129
1,072,065
1,220,882
(419,179)
(526,436)
652,886
694,446
Depreciation and amortization expenses were RMB98,046, RMB 135,497 and RMB121,693 for the years ended December 31,
2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
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8. Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net, consist of the following:
Internally developed software
Trademark
Supplier relationship
Customer relationship
Brand
Franchising
Technology
Accumulated amortization
Intangible assets, net
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
348,951
1,074
15,620
146,701
12,100
69,608
23,237
(222,081)
2022
RMB
401,236
1,074
15,620
146,701
12,100
—
19,500
(285,507)
395,210
310,724
Amortization expenses for intangible assets were RMB52,652, RMB70,414 and RMB73,824 for the years ended December 31,
2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Estimated amortization expenses of the existing intangible assets for the next five years are
RMB95,802, RMB83,511, RMB63,541, RMB16,822 and RMB15,148, respectively.
9.Business acquisition and deconsolidation
(a) Acquisition of Full Jet Limited (“Full Jet”)
Full Jet is a strategic and brand-focused industry expert that specializes in developing go-to-market strategies for high-end and
luxury brands entering the Chinese market. In March 2021, the Group acquired 100% equity interest of Full Jet for a total consideration
of RMB90,988, comprising cash consideration and contingent consideration subject to Full Jet’s future operating results. Contingent
consideration is initially and subsequently measured with changes in fair value reflected in profit and loss, which is recorded in other
current or non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2022, a fair value change on
contingent consideration payable of RMB9,495 was recorded in other operating income, net and an amount of RMB7,224 was paid.
The purchase price as of the date of acquisition is comprised of:
Cash consideration
Contingent consideration at fair value
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
61,267
29,721
90,988
The transaction was considered a business acquisition and therefore was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting.
The allocation of the purchase price based on the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition is
summarized as follows:
Net assets acquired
Intangible assets
- Brand
- Customer relationships
Goodwill
Deferred tax liabilities
Total
F-27
Amounts
RMB’000
11,872
—
12,100
6,000
65,541
(4,525)
90,988
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(b) Acquisition of Suzhou Baoleantone International Logistics Co., Ltd (“BolTone”)
In May 2021, the Group acquired 51% equity interest in BolTone, a warehouse and supply chain service provider in Mainland
China, with a total consideration of RMB121,391, comprising cash consideration and contingent consideration subject to BolTone’s
future operating results. Contingent consideration is initially and subsequently measured at fair value with changes in fair value reflected
in profit and loss, which is recorded in other current or non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. RMB19,278 of
contingent consideration was paid in year ended December 31, 2022.
The purchase price as of the date of acquisition is comprised of:
Cash
Contingent consideration
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
64,260
57,131
121,391
The transaction was considered a business acquisition and therefore was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting.
The allocation of the purchase price based on the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities and noncontrolling interest as of the
date of acquisition is summarized as follows:
Net assets acquired
Intangible assets
- Technology
- Customer relationship
Goodwill
Deferred tax liabilities
Non-controlling interests
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
95,729
—
5,000
64,200
75,761
(17,300)
(101,999)
121,391
Net assets acquired primarily consisted of cash of RMB91,399, accounts receivable of RMB48,019 and other current liabilities
of RMB57,030 as of the date of acquisition.
(c) Acquisition and Subsequent-deconsolidation of Bao Best IOT Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (“BaoBest”)
In June and July 2021, the Group acquired several supply chain businesses in Mainland China for a total cash consideration of
RMB90,285, of which RMB27,174 is to be paid in the following year.
The transaction was considered a business acquisition and therefore was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting.
The allocation of the purchase price based on the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities and noncontrolling interest as of the
date of acquisition is summarized as follows:
Net assets acquried
Intangible assets
- Franchise
Goodwill
Deferred tax liabilities
Non-controlling interests
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
23,459
69,608
47,607
(17,402)
(32,987)
90,285
In July 2022, Baobest newly issued equity to a third party for a consideration of RMB 15,300. Baozun’s ownership in Baobest
was reduced from 73.20% to 41.76%. As a result, Baozun ceased to have controlling financial interest in Baobest but still retained
significant influence through its noncontrolling interest and one out of five representatives in the Board. The retained
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investment was accounted for under equity method in accordance with ASC 323. RMB 91 million loss was recognized for the
deconsolidation.
(d) Acquisition of Shanghai Morefun Information Technology Co., Ltd. (‘‘Morefun”)
Morefun is a technology-oriented digital marketing solution provider in China e-commerce industry. In August 2021, the Group
acquired 51% equity interest of Morefun for a total consideration of RMB 45,900, comprising cash consideration and contingent
consideration subject to Morefun’s future operating results. Contingent consideration is initially and subsequently measured at fair value
with changes in fair value reflected in profit and loss, which is recorded in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of
December 31, 2021 and subsequently paid in the year ended December 31, 2022.
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The purchase price as of the date of acquisition is comprised of:
Cash
Contingent consideration at fair value
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
40,000
5,900
45,900
The transaction was considered a business acquisition and therefore was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting.
The allocation of the purchase price based on the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition is
summarized as follows:
Net assets acquired
Intangible assets
- Customer relationship
- Technology
Goodwill
Deferred tax liabilities
Non-controlling interests
Redeemable non-controlling interest
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
3,367
21,200
3,300
59,090
(3,675)
(20,598)
(16,784)
45,900
(e) Acquisition of Shanghai Yi Shang Network Information Co., Limited (“eFashion”)
eFashion is a leading e-commerce solutions provider for fashion brands, focused on bringing international fashion brands to
China. In September 2021, the Group acquired 100% equity interest of eFashion for a total cash consideration of RMB221,026, of which
RMB96,089 will be paid by instalments in the following three years. In year ended December 31, 2022, an amount of RMB33,663 was
paid.
The transaction was considered a business acquisition and therefore was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting.
The allocation of the purchase price based on the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition is
summarized as follows:
Net assets acquired
Intangible assets
- Customer relationship
- Technology
Goodwill
Deferred tax liabilities
Total
Amounts
RMB’000
28,986
55,300
11,200
135,515
(9,975)
221,026
Net assets acquired primarily consisted of cash and cash equivalents of RMB44,279, accounts receivable of RMB24,656 and
accrued expenses and other current liabilities of RMB43,532 as of the date of acquisition.
The transaction costs related to the above acquisitions were immaterial. The financial results of the acquired businesses, which
are not material, have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the period subsequent to their acquisitions.
Pro forma information is not presented for the acquisitions as the impact to the consolidated financial statements is not material.
Goodwill was recognized as a result of expected synergies from combining operations of the Group and acquired business and
other intangible assets that don’t qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill is not amortized and is not deductible for tax purposes.
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10. Investments in equity investees
(a) Investments in equity method investees
Beijing Pengtai Baozun E-commerce Co., Ltd. (1)
Hangzhou Juxi Technology Co., Ltd. (2)
Hangzhou Dajing Guangtong Network Technology Co., Ltd. (3)
Others
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
37,040
14,491
12,756
37,305
101,592
2022
RMB
45,451
14,077
—
10,300
69,828
(1) In January 2018, the Group invested RMB13,328 to establish an E-commerce joint venture with Beijing Pengtai Interactive
Advertising Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Pengtai”) through a joint venture agreement. Baozun holds 49% equity interest and Beijing Pengtai
holds 51% equity interest. Share of income in equity method investment of RMB7,363, RMB8,145 and RMB8,412 was recognized
for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
(2) In June 2019, the Group entered into an agreement with Hangzhou Juxi Technology Co., Ltd. (“Juxi”) to acquire 10% equity interest
with a total consideration of RMB15,000. As the Group has significant influence over Juxi, it is accounted for under the equity
method of accounting. Share of income of RMB26 and income of RMB60 and loss of RMB414 in equity method investment was
recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
(3) In May 2021, the Group entered into an agreement with Hangzhou Dajing Guangtong Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Dajing”) to
acquire 30% equity interest with a total consideration of RMB13,500. As the Group has significant influence over Dajing, it is
accounted for under the equity method of accounting. In October 2022, the Company disposed the investment for a cash
consideration of RMB2.3 million and a loss of RMB 8.6 million was recognized accordingly.
(b) Investments in equity securities measured at fair value
In January 2021, Baozun entered into a series of agreements with iClick, an independent online marketing and enterprise data
solutions provider in China, Baozun subscribed for 649,349 newly issued Class B ordinary shares (“Issued Class B Shares”) of iClick at
an aggregate subscription price of approximately US$17.2 million. Holders of Class B ordinary shares of iClick are entitled to 20 votes
per share. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement with an existing shareholder of iClick, Baozun purchased 2,471,468 American
Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) at an aggregate purchase price of approximately US$32.8 million. Two ADSs represent one Class A
ordinary share of iClick. Holders of Class A ordinary shares of iClick are entitled to one vote per share. After the closing of the above
transactions, Baozun acquired and beneficially owns approximately 4% of iClick’s total outstanding shares, representing approximately
10% total voting equity of iClick based on ordinary shares of iClick outstanding as of January 25, 2021. Since the Company cannot exert
significant influence on the investee, the investment is recorded as equity securities measured at fair value. An unrealized investment loss
of RMB209,956 and RMB102,035 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
In June 2021, the Group acquired 4,908,939 Class B preferred shares of Fosun Fashion Group(Cayman) Limited(“Fosun”) , a
private company, which represents 1.57% total voting equity, at an aggregate subscription price of RMB76,716. Since the investment is
not in-substance common stock, the investment is recorded as equity securities without determinable fair value as of December 31, 2021.
Fosun was renamed as Lanvin Group(“Lanvin”) in October 2021. In December 2022, the Group further acquired 300,000 ordinary shares
of Lanvin with consideration of RMB 21,170 in PIPE. On December 15, 2022, Lanvin got listed on New York stock Exchange by SPAC
and the 4,908,939 Class B preferred shares was converted into 1,321,790 ordinary shares. The investment was measured at fair value and
an unrealized investment gain of RMB4,208 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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(c) Investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values
Investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair value were RMB118,716 and RMB87,750 for the years ended
December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The carrying amount of the investments as of December 31, 2022 is composed by
investments in four private companies. Since the investments are not in-substance common stock, they are accounted for as investments
in equity securities without readily determinable fair value.
The Group is required to perform an impairment assessment of its investment whenever events or changes in business
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may not be fully recoverable. The Group recognized impairment losses
of RMB10,800, RMB3,541, and RMB8,400 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
11. Short-term loan
The short-term loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2022were as follows:
Short- term loan
Short-term bank borrowings
Convertible senior notes
Short-term bank borrowings
As of December 31,
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
548,461 1,016,071
—
1,740,004
The Group entered into one-year credit facilities with several Chinese commercial banks that provide revolving line of credit for
the Group. Under such credit facilities, the Group can borrow up to RMB2,012,800 and RMB3,329,012 for the years ended December
31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, which can only be used to maintain daily operation.
As of December 31, 2021, the Group had drawn short-term bank borrowings from the credit facilities in the amount of
RMB548,461. Credit facilities in the amounts of RMB27,450 and RMB445,199 were used to issue the letters of guarantee with an
aggregate amount of RMB33,000 and notes payable with an aggregate amount of RMB529,603, respectively. As such, RMB991,689 of
the credit facilities was available for future borrowing at the end of 2021. The credit facilities expired during 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, the Group had drawn short-term bank borrowings from the credit facilities in the amount of
RMB1,016,071. Credit facilities in the amounts of RMB8,664 and RMB400,873 were used to issue the letters of guarantee with an
aggregate amount of RMB17,342 and notes payable with an aggregate amount of RMB487,837, respectively. As such, RMB1,903,404 of
the credit facilities was available for future borrowing at the end of 2022. The credit facilities will expire during 2023.
Convertible Senior Notes due 2024
On April 10, 2019, the Company issued US$275 million of Convertible Senior Notes (“the Notes”). The Notes would mature on
May 1, 2024 and bear interest at a rate of 1.625% per annum, payable in arrears semi-annually on May 1 and November 1, beginning
November 1, 2019.
Holders of the Notes had the option to convert their Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second business day
immediately preceding the maturity date. The Notes could be converted into the Company’s ADSs at an initial conversion rate of
19.2308 of the Company’s ADSs per US$1,000 principal amount of the Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of US$52 per
ADS). The conversion rate was subject to adjustment in certain events but was not adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest.
In addition, following a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) that occurred prior to the maturity date or
following the Company’s delivery of a notice of a tax redemption, the Company would increase the conversion rate for a holder who
elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or such tax redemption.
The holders may require the Company to repurchase all or portion of the Notes for cash on May 1, 2022, or upon a fundamental
change, at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The Company did not identify any embedded features that are subject to separate accounting. The conversion option meets the
scope exception for derivative accounting as it is indexed to the Company’s own stock and classified in stockholders’ equity.
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Table of Contents
Other embedded features including the mandatory redemption feature and the contingent put option upon fundamental changes are
considered clearly and closely related to the debt host therefore no separate accounting is required.
In addition, there is no beneficial conversion feature recognized as the set conversion prices for the Notes are greater than the
fair values of the ordinary share price at the date of issuance.
Therefore, the Company accounted for the Notes as a single instrument under long-term loan. Issuance costs related to the Notes
were recorded in consolidated balance sheet as a direct deduction from the principal amount of the Notes, and are amortized over the
period from April 10, 2019, the date of issuance, to May 1, 2022 the first put date of the Notes, using the effective interest method.
In 2019, the proceeds received by the Company from issuance of Notes, net of issuance cost of RMB41,530 (equivalently US$6
million), was RMB1,847,060 (equivalently US$269 million).
As of December 31, 2021, the Notes was reclassified from long-term loan to short-term loan as the Company expects to
repurchase the Notes in 2022.
In May 2022, the Company repurchased and redeemed all the outstanding Notes from the secondary market with total cost of
RMB1,759,973 (equivalently US$255 million) and recognized a gain of RMB7,907.
ADS Lending Arrangement
Concurrent with the offering of the Notes, the Company entered into ADS lending agreements with the affiliates of the initial
purchasers of the Notes (“ADS Borrowers”), pursuant to which the Company lent to the ADS Borrowers 4,230,776 ADSs (the “Loaned
ADSs”) at a price equal to par, or $0.0003 per ADS (“ADS lending arrangement”). The purpose of the ADS lending arrangements was to
facilitate privately negotiated transactions in which the ultimate holders of the Notes may elect to hedge their investment in the related
notes.
The Loaned ADSs must be returned to the Company by the earliest of (a) the maturity date of the Notes, May 1, 2024, (b) upon
the Company’s election to terminate the ADS lending agreement at any time after the later of (x) the date on which the entire principal
amount of the Notes ceases to be outstanding, and (y) the date on which the entire principal amount of any additional convertible
securities that the Company had in writing consented to permit the ADS Borrower to hedge under the ADS lending agreement ceases to
be outstanding, in each case, whether as a result of conversion, redemption, repurchase, cancellation or otherwise; and (c) the termination
of the ADS lending agreement. The Company was not required to make any payment to the initial purchasers or ADS Borrower upon the
return of the Loaned ADSs. The ADS Borrowers did not have the choice or option to pay cash in exchange for the return of the Loaned
ADSs.
No collateral was required to be posted for the Loaned ADSs. The initial purchasers were required to remit to the Company any
dividends paid to the holders of the Loaned ADSs. The ADS Borrowers were not entitled to vote on the Loaned ADS.
In accordance with ASC 470-20, the Company had accounted for the ADS lending agreement initially at fair value and
recognized it as an issuance cost associated with the convertible debt offering. As a result, additional debt issuance costs of RMB33,836
(equivalently US$5 million) were recorded on the issuance date with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in-capital. This debt
issuance costs had also been amortized from the date of issuance to the put date of Notes, using the effective interest method.
Although legally issued, the Loaned ADSs were not considered outstanding, and then excluded from basic and diluted earnings
per share unless default of the ADS lending arrangement occurs, at which time the Loaned ADSs would be included in the basic and
diluted earnings per share calculation. As of December 31, 2021, it was considered improbable that the ADS Borrower or the
counterparty to the ADS lending arrangement will default. The 4,230,776 Loaned ADSs were returned and cancelled in June 2022.
Interest expenses related to the Notes were RMB56,084, RMB 53,123 and RMB15,698 for the year ended December 31, 2020,
2021 and 2022, respectively.
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Table of Contents
12. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
Logistics expenses accruals
Advances from customers
Outsourced labor cost payable
Salary and welfare payable
Professional fee accruals
Marketing expenses accruals
Other tax payable
Sales return accrual
Consideration payable
Others
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
365,686
63,677
107,524
128,064
16,116
94,605
25,783
3,973
97,118
81,973
2022
RMB
303,880
120,858
74,698
223,843
24,786
177,084
10,567
1,497
75,453
12,874
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
984,519
1,025,540
13. Income tax
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company incorporated in the Cayman Islands is not subject to tax on income
or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.
Under the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, for the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong, the profits tax
rate for the first HK $2 million of profits is 8.25%, while profits above that amount is subject to the tax rate of 16.5%.
Under the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax (‘‘EIT Law’’), the Group’s subsidiaries and VIE
domiciled in the PRC are subject to 25% statutory rate. According to Guoshuihan 2009 No. 203, if an entity is certified as a “High and
New Technology Enterprise” (“HNTE”), it is entitled to a preferential income tax rate of 15%. The VIE obtained the certificate of HNTE
in 2017 and renewed the certificate in 2020, therefore, it is eligible for a preferential tax rate of 15% since 2017 with a valid term of three
years from the year of entitlement or renewal. Other five subsidiaries of the Group obtained the HNTE certificate starting from 2018 and
renewed the certification subsequently, thus applied 15% tax rate with a valid term of three years from the year of entitlement or renewal.
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Table of Contents
The current and deferred portion of income tax expenses included in the consolidated statements of operations, which were
substantially attributable to the Group’s PRC subsidiaries are as follows:
Current tax
Deferred tax
Income tax expense
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
118,914
(63,655)
2020
RMB
128,350
(563)
2022
RMB
82,595
(56,115)
127,787
55,259
26,480
Reconciliation of the differences between the PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group’s effective income tax rate for
the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are as follows:
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2020
RMB
Statutory income tax rate
Non-deductible share-based compensation
Effect of tax rates in different tax jurisdiction
Effect of preferential tax rate
Research and development super deduction
HK tax-free interest income
Effect of equity transaction
Others
Changes in valuation allowance
Effective income tax rate
The effect of the tax holiday on the income per share is as follows:
25.00 %
4.94 %
1.08 %
(1.48)%
(6.41)%
(0.24)%
—
(0.18)%
0.57 %
25.00 %
(31.91)%
(37.48)%
4.22 %
11.45 %
2.77 %
(7.92)%
(3.00)%
0.99 %
25.00 %
(6.13)%
(23.20)%
0.84 %
2.28 %
0.10 %
— %
0.14 %
(3.59)%
23.28 %
(35.88)%
(4.56)%
Tax saving amount due to preferential tax rates
Income per share effect-basic
Income per share effect-diluted
8,798
0.05
0.05
7,142
0.03
0.03
4,898
0.03
0.03
F-35
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2020
RMB
Table of Contents
The principal components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses
Inventory write-down
Impairment of equity investments
Salary and welfare payable
Allowance for credit losses
Net operating loss carried forward
Less: valuation allowance
Deferred tax assets, net
Deferred tax liabilities:
Identifiable intangible assets
Deferred tax liabilities
As of December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
38,062
25,892
4,948
2,669
21,337
39,461
52,912
33,379
7,048
2,760
21,627
83,099
(18,169)
(38,316)
114,200
162,509
(51,525)
(28,082)
(51,525)
(28,082)
The Group’s ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry
forward periods provided for in the tax law. The Group considers positive and negative evidence to determine whether some portion or
all of the deferred tax assets will be more likely than not realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency
and severity of recent losses and forecasts of future profitability. These assumptions require significant judgement and the forecasts of
future taxable income are consistent with the plans and estimates the Group is using to manage the underlying businesses. The Group
provided a valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets relating to the future benefit of net operating loss carry forwards and other
deferred tax assets of certain subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, as management is not able to conclude that the
future realization of such deferred tax assets are more likely than not. The amount of tax loss carried forward was RMB183,507 and
RMB359,812 as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, for the Group’s certain subsidiaries.
Movement of the valuation allowance is as follows:
Balance as of January 1
Additions
Reversals
Balance as of December 31,
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
19,686
3,236
(4,753)
18,169
2022
RMB
18,169
28,134
(7,987)
38,316
Uncertainties exist with respect to how the current income tax law in the PRC applies to the Group’s overall operations, and
more specifically, with regard to tax residency status. The EIT Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside
of the PRC will be considered residents for Chinese income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within the
PRC. The implementation rules to the EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be considered PRC residents if substantial
and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting and properties, occurs within
the PRC. Despite the present uncertainties resulting from the limited PRC tax guidance on the issue, the Group does not believe that the
legal entities organized outside of the PRC should be treated as residents for EIT Law purposes. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently
determine that the Company and its subsidiaries registered outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, the Company and its
subsidiaries registered outside the PRC will be subject to the PRC income taxes, at a rate of 25%. The Group is not subject to any other
uncertain tax position.
F-36
Table of Contents
According to PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes
is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or withholding agent. The statute of limitations will be extended to five years under
special circumstances, which are not clearly defined (but an underpayment of tax liability exceeding RMB0.1 million is specifically
listed as a special circumstance). In the case of a related party transaction, the statute of limitations is ten years. There is no statute of
limitations in the case of tax evasion. From inception to 2020, the Company is subject to examination of the PRC tax authorities.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, retained earnings of Company’s subsidiaries and VIE located in PRC were RMB1,462,328
and RMB1,601,313, respectively. The Company’s PRC subsidiaries’ retained earnings have been and would be permanently reinvested
to the PRC subsidiaries. Therefore, no deferred tax liability upon dividend withholding tax was accrued.
Under applicable accounting principles, a deferred tax liability should be recorded for taxable temporary differences attributable
to the excess of financial reporting basis over tax basis in a consolidated VIE. However, recognition is not required in situations where
the tax law provides a means by which the reported amount of that investment can be recovered tax free and the enterprise expects that it
will ultimately use that means. The Group completed its feasibility analysis on a method, which the Group will ultimately execute if
necessary to repatriate the undistributed earnings of the VIE without significant tax costs. As such, the Group does not accrue deferred
tax liabilities on the earnings of the VIE given that the Group will ultimately use the means.
14. Operating lease liabilities
The following table discloses the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate for the Group’s
leases:
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
- Operating leases
Weighted-average discount rate
- Operating leases
Year ended December 31,
2022
2021
5.88 years
5.50 years
6.63 %
6.69 %
The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows for the annual periods ended December 31:
Fiscal Year
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Total lease commitment
Less: Imputed interest
Total operating lease liabilities
Less: current operating lease liabilities
Long-term operating lease liabilities
Operating lease
RMB
285,022
222,731
163,463
106,735
64,511
248,871
1,091,333
(181,933)
909,400
(235,445)
673,955
As of December 31, 2022, the future lease payments for short-term operating leases that are not capitalized as right-of-use assets
were RMB 4,055.
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Table of Contents
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 is as follows:
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
261,435
371,295
863,076
54,036
During the three years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group incurred operating lease expenses of RMB187,881,
RMB319,649 and RMB 367,605 (excluding RMB42,940 for short-term leases not capitalized as right-of-use assets), respectively.
15. Redeemable non-controlling interests
In August 2021, the Group acquired 51% equity interest of Morefun and obtained the controlling interest accordingly (Note 9).
Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, the Group has the right and obligation to purchase an additional Morefun’s 22% equity interest
from the founders in the event that Morefun achieves the performance target stipulated in the agreement for the following three years. As
the redemption of the noncontrolling interests is outside of the control of the Group, the non-controlling interests are accounted for as
redeemable non-controlling interests in the Group’s consolidated balance sheets. The redeemable non-controlling interests were initially
recorded at the acquisition date fair value and recognize changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur subsequently.
In October 2021, Cainiao acquired 30% equity interest of Baotong Inc., one of the Group’s subsidiary, with the total
consideration of US$217.9 million, equivalent to RMB1,392.5 million. Pursuant to the shareholder agreement, if certain triggering
events occur, Cainiao has the right to require Baozun to redeem its shares, at a price equal to the initial investment plus an internal rate of
return. As the redemption of the non-controlling interests is outside of the control of the Group, the non-controlling interests are
accounted for as redeemable non-controlling interests in the Group’s consolidated balance sheets. In addition, for a period of six months
(or such longer period as Baozun and Cainiao may agree) starting from July 29, 2023, Cainiao has the call option to acquire additional
shares, so that it will own in an aggregate of 60% equity interest of Baotong. Baotong Inc’s actual net profit is less than FY2022 Target
Net Profit, which triggered Pre-Money Valuation Adjustment, and the Company recorded a fair value change on derivative liability of
RMB364.8 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended 2022.
The following tables provides details of the redeemable noncontrolling interest activity for the years ended December 31, 2021
and 2022:
Balance as of January 1
Issuance of redeemable non-controlling interest
Acquisition of redeemable non-controlling interest
Redeemable non-controlling interest arising from business acquisition
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
Impact from deconsolidation of a subsidiary due to loss of control
Balance as of December 31
F-38
For the year ended
December 31,
2021
RMB
9,000
1,392,534
(9,000)
16,784
12,362
—
1,421,680
2022
RMB
1,421,680
—
—
—
43,759
(27,357)
1,438,082
Table of Contents
16. Ordinary Shares and Treasury Stock
On May 18, and November 30, 2021, the Company announced share repurchase plan with an aggregated amount of US$175
million over the next 12 months. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 27,191,731 shares with a total
amount of US$164.9 million from its shareholders, of which 19,042,105 shares with a total purchase price of US$105 million, were
subsequently retired. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 24,203,643 shares with a total amount of
US$68.0 million from its shareholders.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, 1,752,486, 2,180,370 and 4,503,090 share options and restricted share
units were exercised and vested to Class A ordinary shares, respectively.
17. Net income (loss) per share
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for each of the years presented are calculated as follows:
Numerator:
Net income (loss)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2020
RMB
426,534
(796)
254
425,992
(205,963)
(1,505)
(12,362)
(219,830)
(610,374)
843
(43,759)
(653,290)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Basic
Diluted
2.27
2.23
(1.02)
(1.02)
(3.56)
(3.56)
Net income (loss) per ADS (1 ADS represents 3 Class A ordinary shares) attributable to
ordinary shareholders of Baozun Inc.
Basic
Diluted
Shares (Denominator):
Weighted average number of ordinary shares
Basic
Diluted
6.82
6.69
(3.05)
(3.05)
(10.69)
(10.69)
187,322,781 216,370,290 183,274,855
190,988,171 216,370,290 183,274,855
During the years ended December 31 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group had 330,000, 527,416 and 3,751,322 outstanding
restricted share units respectively, which were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effects would have
been anti-dilutive.
In applying the if-converted method, the conversion of the convertible senior notes was not assumed as the effect would have
been anti-dilutive.
12,692,328 ordinary shares issued to ADS Borrowers were not considered as outstanding and were excluded from the
computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2021.
F-39
Table of Contents
18. Related party transactions
The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group as of December 31, 2022:
Name of related parties
Relationship with the Group
Alibaba Group Holding Limited (“Alibaba Group”)(1)
Parent company of Alibaba, one of the Group’s ordinary
shareholders
Ahead (Shanghai) Trade Co., Ltd. (“Ahead”)
Subsidiary of Softbank, one of the Group’s ordinary
shareholders
Beijing Pengtai Baozun E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Pengtai”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Shanghai Misako E-commerce Limited (“Misako”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Hangzhou Juxi Technology Co., Ltd. (“Juxi”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Jiangsu Shanggao Supply Chain Co., Ltd (“Shanggao”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Signify Lighting Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Signify”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Shanghai Kewei E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Kewei”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Hangzhou Baichen Technology Co., Ltd. (“Baichen”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Zunrui (Nantong) E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Zunrui”)
Equity method investee of the Group and consolidated
by the Group in June 2021
Hunan Leier Media Co., Ltd. (“Leier”)
Equity investee of the Group
Hangzhou Dajing Guangtong Network Technology Co., Ltd.
Equity method investee of the Group and divestment in
(“Dajing”)”)
October 2022
Laifeng Brand Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Laifeng”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Jiangsu Creaway Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.
Non-controlling shareholder of BolTone, one subsidiary
(“Creaway Group”)
of the Group
Baobida IOT Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd(“BBD”)
Equity method investee of the Group
Changsha Benwei Fresh Food Brand Management Co.,
Equity investee of the Group
Ltd(“BW”)
Aoxue Culture Communication (Beijing) Co., Ltd(“AX”)
Equity investee of the Group
Shanghai Mansen Brand Management Co., Ltd(“MS”)
Equity investee of the Group
(1) AJ (Hangzhou) Network Technology Company Limited (“AJ”) is a subsidiary of Alibaba Group, thus its transactions and
balances with the Group are included in the transactions and balances with Alibaba as presented below.
F-40
Table of Contents
(a) The Group entered into the following transactions with its related parties:
Revenue derived from:
Warehousing service revenue generated from Alibaba Group
Product sales revenue generated from Alibaba Group
Store operation service revenue generated from Alibaba Group
IT service revenue generated from Pengtai
Store operation service revenue generated from Pengtai
Store operation service revenue generated from Signify
Store operation service revenue generated from Kewei
Logistic service revenues collected by Creaway Group
Logistic service revenues generated from Creaway Group
Store operation service revenue generated from Aaoxue
Store operation service revenue generated from Benwei
Store operation service revenue generated from Mansen
Warehousing service revenue generated from Signify
Others
Service fees:
Marketing and platform service fees paid to Alibaba Group
Logistic service fees paid to Alibaba Group
Outsourcing labor cost paid to Juxi
Marketing and platform service fees paid to Kewei
Logistic service fees paid to Shanggao
Marketing and platform service fees paid to Baichen
Outsourcing labor cost paid to Zunrui
Logistic service expenses advanced by Creaway Group
Logistic service expenses paid to Creaway Group
Logistic service expenses paid to BBD
IT service fees paid to Alibaba Group
others
F-41
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2020
RMB
1,295
—
21,418
4,296
—
20,735
3,702
—
—
—
—
—
8,078
429
671,468
88,962
17,996
2,141
5,810
3,849
3,976
—
—
—
—
625
33
—
12,313
2,062
—
6,160
1,565
68,556
2,333
—
—
—
2,787
12
752,833
72,459
15,167
26,986
330
6,230
10,273
57,904
2,244
—
—
1,414
34,614
5,954
7,523
—
4,951
5,912
938
64,572
2,239
3,175
6,321
1,443
91
1,977
746,858
47,569
6,406
52,806
—
715
—
13,410
4,339
8,224
10,718
1,374
Table of Contents
(b) The Group had the following balances with its related parties:
Amounts due from Alibaba Group (1)
Amounts due from Signify (2)
Amounts due from Kewei (3)
Amounts due from Pengtai
Amounts due from Creaway Group
Amounts due from BBD
Amounts due from Leier
Amounts due from Aaoxue
Amounts due from Benwei
Amounts due from Mansen
Others
Total amount due from related parties
Amounts due to Alibaba Group (1)
Amounts due to Juxi (4)
Amounts due to Creaway Group
Amounts due to BBD
Others
Total amount due to related parties
As of December 31,
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
38,405
24,581
3,648
4,705
5,580
8,800
2,002
—
6,906
30,898
19,110
—
6,300
—
3,222
—
6,564
—
1,454
—
79
—
93,270
68,984
48,767
246
23,229
—
1,552
73,794
21,339
1,507
2,935
4,151
502
30,434
(1) Amounts due from Alibaba Group consisted of receivables of RMB24,581 and RMB38,405 to be collected from Alibaba
Group for deposits paid to Alibaba, store operation services and warehousing services provided by the Group as of
December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Amounts due to Alibaba Group consisted of payables of RMB48,767 and
RMB21,339 for logistic, marketing and platform services, and commission fees as of December 31, 2021 and 2022,
respectively.
(2) Amounts due from Signify consisted of the receivables for store operation services, warehousing services and IT services
provided by the Group.
(3) Amounts due from Kewei consisted of the receivables for store operation services provided by the Group and the advance
payment made by the Group to support its operating.
(4) Amounts due to Juxi consisted of the payables for outsourcing labor cost provided to the Group.
19. Commitments
The Group entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire 100% equity interest of Gap (Shanghai) Commercial Co., Ltd.
and Gap Taiwan Limited with maximum consideration of US$50,000,000 in November 2022. See details in Note 23 subsequent event.
And the Group has leases commitment, please refer to Note 14.
20. Share-Based Compensation
Share incentive plan
From 2010 to 2015, the Group granted 24,731,467 share options, in aggregate, under the Share Incentive Plan. As of December
31, 2019, all the options had been vested and the relating share compensation expense had been recognized in the consolidated
statements of operations.
No share options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.
F-42
Table of Contents
Share options
A summary of option activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 is presented below:
Outstanding, as of January 1, 2022
Forfeited
Exercised
Outstanding, as of December 31, 2022
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022
Number of
Options
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
RMB
1,912,709
—
(25,239)
1,887,470
1,887,470
1,887,470
0.4
—
—
0.5
0.5
0.5
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Weighted
Aggregate Average
Intrinsic Grant-Date
Fair
Value of
Term Options Value
USD
RMB
2.14
55,641
—
—
1.38
—
2.15
22,098
2.15
22,098
2.15
22,098
2.7
—
—
1.7
1.7
1.7
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022 was RMB22,098.
Restricted share units
Under the 2015 Plan, the Group granted 3,507,087 restricted share units to certain employees and senior management in 2021,
which vest immediately or over 1 to 4 years. On November 1, 2022, the Group adopted our 2022 Plan, the 2015 Plan was terminated and
replaced by the 2022 Plan, the Group granted 7,099,416 restricted share units to certain employees and senior management in 2022,
which vest immediately, or over a period from 3 months to 4 years. A summary of the restricted share units activities under the 2015 Plan
during the year ended December 31, 2022 is presented below:
Outstanding and unvested, as of December 31, 2021
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding and unvested, as of December 31, 2022
Number of
restricted share
units
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
RMB
4,313,114
7,099,416
(4,477,852)
(339,101)
6,595,577
68.51
15.08
37.76
72.15
31.68
The fair value of restricted share units granted was determined based on the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares on the
grant date.
As of December 31, 2021, there was RMB132,562 unrecognized compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, related to
unvested restricted share units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.63 years.
F-43
Table of Contents
The Group recorded compensation expenses of RMB108,440, RMB196,547 and RMB142,381 for both share options and
restricted share units for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, which were classified in the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations as follows:
Fulfillment
Sales and marketing
Technology and content
General and administrative
21. Employee benefit plans
2020
RMB
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
16,845
89,275
38,001
52,426
8,497
38,631
16,711
44,601
2022
RMB
13,730
57,548
22,512
48,591
108,440
196,547
142,381
The Group’s PRC subsidiaries are required by law to contribute certain percentages of applicable salaries for retirement
benefits, medical insurance benefits, housing funds, unemployment and other statutory benefits. The PRC government is directly
responsible for the payments of such benefits. The Group contributed RMB159,607, RMB298,108 and RMB373,024 for the years ended
December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, for such benefits.
22. Restricted net assets
Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC’s Foreign Investment Enterprises and local enterprises, the Company’s entities in the
PRC must make appropriation from after-tax profit to non-distributable reserve funds as determined by the Board of Directors of the
Company.
The Company’s subsidiaries and VIE, in accordance with the China Company Laws, must make appropriation from their after-
tax profit (as determined under PRC GAAP) to non-distributable reserve funds including (i) statutory surplus fund, (ii) statutory public
welfare fund and (iii) discretionary surplus fund. Statutory surplus fund is at least 10% of the after-tax profit as determined under PRC
GAAP until such reserve has reached 50% of the registered capital of the respective company. Appropriation of the statutory public
welfare fund and discretionary surplus fund are made at the discretion of the Company.
The appropriation to these reserves by the Group’s PRC entities were RMB30,401, RMB 19,456 and RMB16,484 for the years
ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The accumulated reserves as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were RMB98,684,
RMB118,140 and RMB134,624 respectively.
As a result of these PRC laws and regulations and the requirement that distributions by PRC entities can only be paid out of
distributable profits computed in accordance with PRC GAAP, the PRC entities are restricted from transferring a portion of their net
assets to the Group. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital, additional-paid-in capital and the statutory reserves of the Company’s
PRC subsidiaries and VIE. The aggregate amounts of capital and statutory reserves restricted which represented the amount of net assets
of the relevant subsidiaries and VIE in the Group not available for distribution was RMB2,345,130 and RMB2,361,615 as of December
31, 2021 and 2022 respectively.
F-44
Table of Contents
23. Subsequent Event
Acquisition of GAP Great China
On November 8, 2022, the Group and Gap, Inc. and GP (UK Holdings) Limited (collectively as “GAP”) entered into a share
purchase agreement, pursuant to which, the Group acquired 100% equity interest of Gap SH and Gap TW with maximum consideration
of US$50,000,000. The acquisition of GAP SH was closed in February 2023 and the Company will endeavor to complete the acquisition
of GAP TW. The Company is in the process of performing purchase price allocation.
Equity Investment and Strategic Business Cooperation with Branded Lifestyle Asia Limited
In February 2023, Baozun made a minority strategic investment of 10% interest in Branded Lifestyle Asia Limited (“BLA”) at a
total consideration of US$14 million, in an all cash transaction. BLA is a leading premium fashion retailer with strong brand portfolio,
including Suhyang networks and Roots in South Korea and Taiwan respectively. BLA is majority owned by the Fung Group, who is a
global leader in trading, logistics, distribution, retail and brand management. Post the investment, Baozun owns a board seat of BLA.
In addition, Baozun entered into a strategic cooperation framework agreement, pursuant to which Baozun becomes the preferred
strategic service provider of BLA for e-commerce explorations in Asia outside the PRC. Besides, two parties will jointly set up a
strategic technology committee to support development of an enterprise-wide technology strategy, covering proposals for ERP,
technologies, systems and platforms suitable for BLA.
F-45
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULE I
BAOZUN INC.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Prepayments and other current assets
Short term investment
Amounts due from subsidiaries and VIE
Total current assets
Non-current assets:
Investments in and amount due from subsidiaries and VIE
Investments in equity investee
Total non-current assets:
TOTAL ASSETS
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Short-term loan
Other current liabilities
Income tax payable
Derivative liabilities
Total current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
TOTAL LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
2021
RMB
As of December 31,
2022
RMB
1,894,125
106,282
—
2,189,936
4,190,343
783,543
2,060
138,052
1,434,838
2,358,493
2,440,880
110,479
2,551,359
6,741,702
2,114,145
10,019
2,124,164
4,482,657
1,740,004
11,041
94,298
—
1,845,343
—
33,737
—
364,758
398,495
—
—
1,845,343
398,495
US$
Note 3
113,603
299
20,016
208,034
341,952
306,522
1,453
307,975
649,927
—
4,891
—
52,885
57,776
—
57,776
Class A ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 470,000,000 shares authorized, 195,493,754
and 163,100,873 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022,
respectively)
Class B ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 13,300,738
shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
Treasury shares
Retained earnings(Accumulative deficit)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Total shareholders’ equity
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
125
116
17
8
4,959,646
(385,942)
425,125
(102,603)
4,896,359
6,741,702
8
5,129,103
(832,578)
(228,165)
15,678
4,084,162
4,482,657
1
743,650
(120,712)
(33,081)
2,276
592,151
649,927
F-46
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULE I
BAOZUN INC.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing
General and administrative
Other operating income (expenses)
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Interest income
Interest expense
Unrealized investment loss
Exchange (loss) gain
Income tax expense
Gain on repurchase of 1.625% convertible senior notes due 2024
Equity in income of subsidiaries and VIE
Fair value loss on derivative liabilities
Net income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Comprehensive income (loss)
For the year ended December 31,
2022
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
RMB
(2,362)
(53,170)
5,194
(50,338)
(50,338)
13,367
(15,698)
(102,035)
(85,795)
—
—
(10,344)
1,765
(8,579)
(8,579)
1,066
(56,084)
(18,166)
(3)
(18,169)
(18,169)
1,667
(53,123)
— (209,956)
20,442
(12,204)
—
—
—
(3,905)
51,513
—
7,907
(55,940)
— (364,758)
(653,290)
118,281
(535,009)
(219,830)
(53,847)
(273,677)
493,494
—
425,992
(77,136)
348,856
F-47
US$
Note 3
(342)
(7,709)
753
(7,298)
(7,298)
1,938
(2,276)
(14,794)
(12,439)
—
1,146
(8,109)
(52,885)
(94,717)
17,149
(77,568)
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULE I
BAOZUN INC.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities:
Exchange loss (gain)
Amortization of issuance cost of convertible senior notes
Equity in income of subsidiaries and VIE
Income tax payable
Unrealized loss related to investments in equity investee
Gain from repurchase CB
Changes in other current liabilities
Fair value loss on derivative liabiliies
Fair value change on contingent consideration payable
Net cash used in operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
For the year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
US$
Note 3
425,992
(219,830)
(653,290)
(94,717)
3,905
25,229
(493,494)
—
—
—
(3,900)
—
—
(42,268)
(20,442)
23,673
(51,513)
12,204
209,956
—
2,324
—
—
(43,628)
85,795
7,861
55,940
(94,298)
102,035
(7,907)
13,201
364,758
9,495
(116,410)
12,439
1,140
8,109
(13,672)
14,794
(1,146)
1,914
52,885
1,377
(16,877)
Investments in, advance to, and repayment from subsidiaries and VIE, net
Short term investment
Investments in equity investee
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(2,846,452)
—
—
(2,846,452)
2,060,629
—
(324,464)
1,736,165
1,127,579
(138,052)
—
989,527
163,484
(20,016)
—
143,468
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercises of share options
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares in Hong Kong public offering
Payments for public offering cost
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance cost
Repurchase of ordinary shares
Proceeds from sale of subsidiary’s equity interest to Cainiao
Payment for short term loan
Purchase of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
3,127,305
(25,453)
(742)
430
3
52
—
(8,978)
—
— (1,060,353)
—
994,766
—
—
—
—
—
(446,636)
101,189
— (1,759,973)
(7,224)
—
(2,112,641)
(74,513)
3,101,540
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
212,820
26,298
(93,807)
145,311
1,618,024
145,311
130,790
1,894,125
(1,239,524)
1,894,125
128,942
783,543
F-48
—
—
—
—
(64,756)
14,671
(255,172)
(1,047)
(306,304)
(179,713)
297,230
(3,914)
113,603
Table of Contents
For the year ended December 31,
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
US$
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income tax
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Subscription receivable
Unpaid Hong Kong public offering costs
29,159
28,617
—
—
12,406
94,298
1,799
13,672
—
8,978
101,686
—
—
—
—
—
F-49
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULE I
BAOZUN INC.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
NOTES TO SCHEDULE I
1)
2)
3)
4)
Schedule I has been provided pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a) and 5-04(c) of Regulation S-X, which require
condensed financial information as to the financial position, changes in financial position and results of operations of a parent
company as of the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements have been presented
when the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiaries exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most
recently completed fiscal year.
The condensed financial information has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the consolidated
financial statements except that the equity method has been used to account for investments in its subsidiaries and VIE. For the
parent company, the Company records its investments in subsidiaries and VIE under the equity method of accounting as
prescribed in ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Such investments are presented on the Condensed
Balance Sheets as ‘‘Investment in subsidiaries and VIE’’ and the subsidiaries and VIE’ profit or loss as ‘‘Equity in income/loss
of subsidiaries’’ on the Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Ordinarily under the equity, an
investor in an equity method investee would cease to recognize its share of the losses of an investee once the carrying value of
the investment has been reduced to nil absent an undertaking by the investor to provide continuing support and fund losses. For
the purpose of this Schedule I, the parent company has continued to reflect its share, based on its proportionate interest, of the
losses of subsidiaries and VIE regardless of the carrying value of the investment even though the parent company is not
obligated to provide continuing support or fund losses.
Translations of balances in the Additional Financial Information of Parent Company-Financial Statements Schedule I from
RMB into US$ as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were
calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = RMB6.8972, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the
U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 30, 2022. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could
be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 30, 2022, or at any other rate.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, there were no material contingencies, significant provisions of long-term obligations,
mandatory dividend or redemption requirements of redeemable stocks or guarantees of the Company.
F-50
EXHIBIT 2.7
Description of rights of each class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange
Act”)
As of December 31, 2022, Baozun Inc. (“Baozun”, “we”, “us”, “our company” and “our”) had the following series of securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
Title of each class
American Depositary Shares, each representing three Class A
Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share
Class A Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share*
Trading Symbol(s)
BZUN
9991
Name of each exchange on which
registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(The Nasdaq Global Select Market)
The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
* Included in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares (the “ADSs”) with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The ordinary shares are not registered or listed for trading in the United States but are listed for
trading on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.
This exhibit contains a description of the rights of (i) the holders of Class A ordinary shares and (ii) the holders of ADSs. Class
A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs are held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary. As a holder of our American Depositary
Receipts (the “ADRs”), we will not treat you as a shareholder of ours and you will not have any shareholder rights.
Description of Class A Ordinary Shares
The following is a summary of material provisions of our currently effective sixth amended and restated memorandum and
articles of association, as well as the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the “Companies Act”) insofar as they relate to
the material terms of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Notwithstanding this, because it is a summary, it may not
contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read our sixth amended
and restated memorandum and articles of association contained in our Form 6-K (File No. 001-37385) filed with the SEC on October 31,
2022.
Type and Class of Securities (Item 9.A.5 of Form 20-F)
Each Class A ordinary share has a par value of US$0.0001 per share. The number of Class A ordinary shares that have been
issued as of December 31, 2022 is provided on the cover of the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
(the “2022 Form 20-F”). All of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The ordinary shares are
issued in registered form and each shareholder is entitled to a share certificate in respect of its shares. Our shareholders who are non-
residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.
Pre-emptive rights (Item 9.A.3 of Form 20-F)
Our shareholders do not have preemptive rights.
Limitations or Qualifications (Item 9.A.6 of Form 20-F)
Our current authorized share capital is US$50,000 divided into 500,000,000 shares comprising of 470,000,000 Class A ordinary
shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each and 30,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 each. Our ordinary
shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary
shares will have the same rights except for voting rights and conversion rights.
Rights of Other Types of Securities (Item 9.A.7 of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
Rights of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.3 of Form 20-F)
Conversion. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class
A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or
disposition of beneficial ownership of any Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof or a beneficial owner of such Class B Ordinary
Shares to any person or entity that is not an Affiliate (as defined in the sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of
association) of such holder or the beneficial owner, such Class B ordinary shares will be automatically and immediately converted into an
equal number of Class A ordinary shares.
Dividends. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject
to the Companies Act and to our sixth amended and restated articles of association. In addition, our shareholders may declare dividends
by ordinary resolution, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by our directors.
Our sixth amended and restated articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of the funds of our
company lawfully available therefor. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or
share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to
pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
Voting Rights. Our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted
to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. In respect of matters requiring shareholders’ vote, on a poll
each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes. At any general meeting a
resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided by a show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the
chairman of such meeting or any shareholder present in person or by proxy with a right to attend and vote at the meeting.
A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy or,
if a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative, who hold in aggregate not less than one-third of the
votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company and are entitled to vote. An annual general meeting may be held in
each year. Extraordinary general meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors or upon a request to the directors by
shareholders holding in the aggregate not less than one-tenth of our voting share capital, on a one vote per share basis. Advance notice of
at least 21 calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and advance notice of at least 14 calendar days is
required for the convening of any other shareholders’ meetings.
An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching
to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution, in respect of (i) any amendment to our memorandum and
articles of association, or (ii) the voluntary liquidation or winding up of the Company, requires the affirmative vote of not less than three-
fourths of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast at a general meeting, and in respect of any other matter that requires a special
resolutions, requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting.
A special resolution is required for important matters such as a change of name. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect certain
changes by ordinary resolution, including increasing the amount of our authorized share capital,
consolidating and dividing all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing share capital, and cancelling any
unissued shares.
Transfer of Shares. Subject to the restrictions of our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association set out
below, as applicable, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual
or ordinary form or any other form approved by our board.
Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up
or on which we have a lien. Our directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless (a) the instrument of
transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the share certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our
board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; (b) the instrument of transfer is in
respect of only one class of ordinary shares; (c) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; (d) in the case of a transfer to
joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; (e) the shares concerned
are free of any lien in favor of us; or (f) a fee of such maximum sum as The Nasdaq Stock Market or The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
Limited may determine to be payable, or such lesser sum as our board of directors may from time to time require, is paid to us in respect
thereof.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was
lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, on notice being given by
advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended at such times and for such periods as our board of
directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register
closed for more than 30 days in any year. Our board of directors may also close our register of members for transfers for determining
who is a shareholder for certain purposes for a period not to exceed 30 days at a time.
Liquidation. On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of shares),
assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares shall be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares on a
pro rata basis. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so
that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them. If our assets available for
distribution shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall
be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up
subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to us for unpaid calls or
otherwise.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any
amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 calendar days prior to the specified time and place of
payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares. Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, we may issue shares on
terms that are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner, including out of
capital, as may be determined by our board of directors, before the issue of such shares, or by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Our company may also repurchase any of our shares provided that the manner and terms of such purchase have been approved by our
board of directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, or are otherwise authorized by our memorandum and articles of
association. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or share
premium account or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of
capital (including in certain circumstances capital redemption reserve) if the company can in the case of payment out of the share
premium account or capital, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In
addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or
repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company
may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.
Variations of Rights of Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of
the Companies Act, be varied either with the written consent of the holders of three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the
sanction of a a resolution passed by the holders of a majority of not less than three-fourths of the shares of that class present and voting at
a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class shall not,
unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of
further shares ranking in priority to or pari passu therewith.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect
or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (except for our memorandum and articles of association, our register
of mortgages and charges and special resolutions of our shareholders). However, our sixth amended and restated memorandum and
articles of association provide that except when our register of members is closed in accordance with our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association, our branch register of members maintained in Hong Kong shall during business hours be kept
open for inspection by any member without charge. In addition, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial
statements.
Requirements to Change the Rights of Holders of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.4 of Form 20-F)
Variations of Rights of Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of
the Companies Act, be varied either with the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the
sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the
holders of the shares of any class shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be
deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking in priority to or pari passu therewith.
Limitations on the Rights to Own Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.6 of Form 20-F)
There are no limitations imposed by our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of
non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares.
Provisions Affecting Any Change of Control (Item 10.B.7 of Form 20-F)
Anti-takeover Provisions in Our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Some provisions of our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association have the potential to be exercised in a way that may discourage, delay or prevent a change of
control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including a provision that authorizes our board of
directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such
preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Such shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make
removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue these preference shares, the price of our ADSs may fall
and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our sixth
amended and restated memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the
best interests of our company.
Ownership Threshold (Item 10.B.8 of Form 20-F)
In addition, there are no provisions in our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that requires us
to disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.
Differences Between the Law of Different Jurisdictions (Item 10.B.9 of Form 20-F)
The Companies Act is modeled after companies law statutes of England and Wales but does not follow recent statutory
enactments in England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States
corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies
Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands
companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the
merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as
the surviving company and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated
company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company.
In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of
merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (i) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company; and
(ii) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan of merger or
consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or
surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of
merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and published in the Cayman Islands
Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be
determined by the Cayman Islands court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to certain exceptions. Court approval is not
required for a merger or consolidation effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the
arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number
representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that
are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of
the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting
shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to
approve the arrangement if it determines that:
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the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;
the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide
without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;
the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of
his interest; and
the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.
When a take-over offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected (within four months after making the
offer), the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four months period, require the holders of the
remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands
but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal
rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive
payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us and as a general rule a
derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be
of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands courts can be expected to apply and follow common law principles
that permit a minority shareholder to commence
a class action against the company or a derivative action in the name of the company to challenge certain acts, including the following:
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a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;
the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority
vote that has not been obtained; and
those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to
which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such
provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud
or the consequences of committing a crime.
Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for all
actions, proceedings, charges, losses, damages, liabilities costs and expenses incurred in their conduct of our business or affairs
(including as a result of any mistake or judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretion,
including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such officers and
directors unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty, fraud or wilful default of such directors or officers. This standard of
conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we
have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and senior executive officers that will provide such persons with
additional indemnification beyond that provided in our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to our directors, officers or
persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the
corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a
director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a
director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant
transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the
corporation. He or she must not use his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a
director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a
director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to
have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the
corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be
presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction
was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the
company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company-a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of
the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him to do so) and a duty
not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third
party. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to exercise the skill they actually possess and such care and
diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. It was previously considered that a director need
not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her
knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the
required skill and care and these authorities (which are of persuasive authority, although not binding on the courts of the Cayman Islands)
are
likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our
memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of
shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our sixth amended and
restated articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed
by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being
held.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the
annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be
called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded
from calling special meetings.
Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide
shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles
of association. Our sixth amended and restated articles allow our shareholders holding in the aggregate not less than one-tenth of the
aggregate number of votes attaching to all issued and outstanding shares of our company, on a one vote per share basis, to requisition an
extraordinary meeting of the shareholders, in which case the directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so
requisitioned to a vote at such meeting; however, our articles do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before
annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.
As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our sixth
amended and restated articles of association provides that we may in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting, and
to specify the meeting as such in the notice calling it.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted
unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the
representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the
shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There
are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under Cayman Islands law, but our sixth amended and restated articles of association
do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than
shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be
removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation
provides otherwise. Under our sixth amended and restated articles of association, directors may be removed by ordinary resolution of the
shareholders. In addition, a director’s office shall be vacated if the director (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or
composition with his creditors; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to us; (iv)
without special leave of absence from our board of directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the board and the board
resolves that his office be vacated or; (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provisions of our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute
applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by
amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested
shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is
a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This
has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be
treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested
shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an
interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition
transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the
Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and
its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company for a
proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to
dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution
is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares.
Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in
connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the
courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an
ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where
it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Under the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up voluntarily by a
special resolution, or by an ordinary resolution on the basis that we are unable to pay our debts as they fall due. The court has authority to
order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of
shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.
Under our sixth amended and restated articles of association, and as permitted by Cayman Islands law, if our share capital is divided into
more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class either with the written consent of the holders of three-fourths
of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by the holders of a majority of not less than three-fourths of
the shares of that class present and voting at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may
be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides
otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law, our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by
special resolution.
Inspection of Books and Records. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any
proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list of shareholders and other books and records.
Holders of our shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders
or our corporate records (except for our memorandum and articles of association, our register of mortgages and charges and special
resolutions of our shareholders). Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that except when our
register of members is closed in accordance with our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, our branch
register of members maintained in Hong Kong shall during business hours be kept open for inspection by any member without charge. In
addition, we intend to provide our shareholders with annual reports containing audited financial statements.
Anti-takeover Provisions in Our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Some provisions of our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association have the potential to be exercised in a way that may discourage, delay or prevent a change of
control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including a provision that authorizes our board of
directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such
preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Such shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make
removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue these preference
shares, the price of our ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially
and adversely affected.
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our sixth
amended and restated memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the
best interests of our company.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our sixth amended and restated
memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our
shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that requires us to
disclose shareholder ownership above any particular ownership threshold.
Changes in Capital (Item 10.B.10 of Form 20-F)
Changes in Capital. Our shareholders may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
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increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall
prescribe;
consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;
sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount; and
cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person
and diminish the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.
Subject to the Companies Act and our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association with respect to
matters to be dealt with by ordinary resolution, we may, by special resolution, reduce our share capital and any capital redemption
reserve in any manner authorized by law.
Issuance of Additional Shares. Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of
directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent there are available
authorized but unissued shares.
Our sixth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to establish from time
to time one or more series of convertible redeemable preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of convertible
redeemable preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
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designation of the series;
the number of shares of the series;
the dividend rights, conversion rights and voting rights; and
the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.
The issuance of convertible redeemable preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the
part of the shareholders. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.
Debt Securities (Item 12.A of Form 20-F)
None.
Warrants and Rights (Item 12.B of Form 20-F)
None.
Other Securities (Item 12.C of Form 20-F)
None.
Description of American Depositary Shares (Item 12.D.1 and 12.D.2 of Form 20-F)
General
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. acts as depositary for the ADSs, or the depositary. Each ADS represents an ownership interest in a
designated number or percentage of shares deposited with the custodian, as agent of the depositary, under the deposit agreement among
ourselves, the depositary, yourself as an ADR holder and all other ADR holders, and all beneficial owners of an interest in the ADSs
evidenced by ADRs from time to time.
The depositary’s office is located at 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, NY 10179.
The ADS to share ratio is subject to amendment as provided in the form of ADR (which may give rise to fees contemplated by
the form of ADR). In the future, each ADS will also represent any securities, cash or other property deposited with the depositary but
which they have not distributed directly to you.
A beneficial owner is any person or entity having a beneficial ownership interest ADSs. A beneficial owner need not be the
holder of the ADR evidencing such ADS. If a beneficial owner of ADSs is not an ADR holder, it must rely on the holder of the ADR(s)
evidencing such ADSs in order to assert any rights or receive any benefits under the deposit agreement. A beneficial owner shall only be
able to exercise any right or receive any benefit under the deposit agreement solely through the holder of the ADR(s) evidencing the
ADSs owned by such beneficial owner. The arrangements between a beneficial owner of ADSs and the holder of the corresponding
ADRs may affect the beneficial owner’s ability to exercise any rights it may have.
An ADR holder shall be deemed to have all requisite authority to act on behalf of any and all beneficial owners of the ADSs
evidenced by the ADRs registered in such ADR holder’s name for all purposes under the deposit agreement and ADRs. The depositary’s
only notification obligations under the deposit agreement and the ADRs is to registered ADR holders. Notice to an ADR holder shall be
deemed, for all purposes of the deposit agreement and the ADRs, to constitute notice to any and all beneficial owners of the ADSs
evidenced by such ADR holder’s ADRs.
Unless certificated ADRs are specifically requested, all ADSs will be issued on the books of our depositary in book-entry form
and periodic statements will be mailed to you which reflect your ownership interest in such ADSs. In our description, references to
American depositary receipts or ADRs shall include the statements you will receive which reflect your ownership of ADSs.
You may hold ADSs either directly or indirectly through your broker or other financial institution. If you hold ADSs directly, by
having an ADS registered in your name on the books of the depositary, you are an ADR holder. This description assumes you hold your
ADSs directly. If you hold the ADSs through your broker or financial institution nominee, you must rely on the procedures of such
broker or financial institution to assert the rights of an ADR holder described in this section. You should consult with your broker or
financial institution to find out what those procedures are.
As an ADR holder or beneficial owner, we will not treat you as a shareholder of ours and you will not have any shareholder
rights. Cayman Islands law governs shareholder rights. Because the depositary or its nominee will be the shareholder of record for the
shares represented by all outstanding ADSs, shareholder rights rest with such record holder. Your rights are those of an ADR holder or of
a beneficial owner. Such rights derive from the terms of the deposit agreement entered into among us, the depositary and all holders and
beneficial owners from time to time of ADRs issued under the deposit agreement and, in the case of a beneficial owner, from the
arrangements between the beneficial owner and the holder of the corresponding ADRs. The obligations of the depositary and its agents
are also set out in the deposit agreement. Because the depositary or its nominee will actually be the registered owner of the shares, you
must rely on it to exercise the rights of a shareholder on your behalf. The deposit agreement, the
ADRs and the ADSs are governed by New York law. Under the deposit agreement, as an ADR holder or a beneficial owner of ADSs,
you agree that any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit
agreement, the ADSs or the transactions contemplated thereby, may only be instituted in a state or federal court in New York, New York,
and you irrevocably waive any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding and irrevocably submit to
the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding.
The following is a summary of what we believe to be the material terms of the deposit agreement. Notwithstanding this, because
it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you
should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR which contains the terms of your ADSs. You can read a copy of the
deposit agreement which is filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to this annual report filed with the SEC. You may also obtain
a copy of the deposit agreement at the SEC’s Public Reference Room which is currently located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC
20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-732-0330. You may also
find the annual report and the attached deposit agreement through the EDGAR system on the SEC’s internet website at
http://www.sec.gov.
Share Dividends and Other Distributions
How will I receive dividends and other distributions on the shares underlying my ADSs?
We may make various types of distributions with respect to our securities. The depositary has agreed that, to the extent
practicable, it will pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities,
after converting any cash received into U.S. dollars (if it determines such conversion may be made on a reasonable basis) and, in all
cases, making any necessary deductions provided for in the deposit agreement. The depositary may utilize a division, branch or affiliate
of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to direct, manage and/or execute any public and/or private sale of securities under the deposit agreement.
Such division, branch and/or affiliate may charge the depositary a fee in connection with such sales, which fee is considered an expense
of the depositary. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of underlying securities that your ADSs represent.
Except as stated below, the depositary will deliver such distributions to ADR holders in proportion to their interests in the
following manner:
● Cash. The depositary will distribute any U.S. dollars available to it resulting from a cash dividend or other cash distribution or
the net proceeds of sales of any other distribution or portion thereof (to the extent applicable), on an averaged or other
practicable basis, subject to (i) appropriate adjustments for taxes withheld, (ii) such distribution being impermissible or
impracticable with respect to certain registered ADR holders, and (iii) deduction of the depositary’s and/or its agents’ expenses
in (1) converting any foreign currency to U.S. dollars to the extent that it determines that such conversion may be made on a
reasonable basis, (2) transferring foreign currency or U.S. dollars to the United States by such means as the depositary may
determine to the extent that it determines that such transfer may be made on a reasonable basis, (3) obtaining any approval or
license of any governmental authority required for such conversion or transfer, which is obtainable at a reasonable cost and
within a reasonable time and (4) making any sale by public or private means in any commercially reasonable manner. If
exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert a foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the
value of the distribution.
● Shares. In the case of a distribution in shares, the depositary will issue additional ADRs to evidence the number of ADSs
representing such shares. Only whole ADSs will be issued. Any shares which would result in fractional ADSs will be sold and
the net proceeds will be distributed in the same manner as cash to the ADR holders entitled thereto.
● Rights to receive additional shares. In the case of a distribution of rights to subscribe for additional shares or other rights, if we
timely provide evidence satisfactory to the depositary that it may lawfully distribute such rights, the depositary will distribute
warrants or other instruments in the discretion of
the depositary representing such rights. However, if we do not timely furnish such evidence, the depositary may:
(i)
sell such rights if practicable and distribute the net proceeds in the same manner as cash to the ADR holders entitled thereto; or
(ii) if it is not practicable to sell such rights by reason of the non-transferability of the rights, limited markets therefor, their short
duration or otherwise, do nothing and allow such rights to lapse, in which case ADR holders will receive nothing and the rights
may lapse. We have no obligation to file a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 in order to make any rights
available to ADR holders.
● Other Distributions. In the case of a distribution of securities or property other than those described above, the depositary may
either (i) distribute such securities or property in any manner it deems equitable and practicable or (ii) to the extent the
depositary deems distribution of such securities or property not to be equitable and practicable, sell such securities or property
and distribute any net proceeds in the same way it distributes cash.
If the depositary determines in its discretion that any distribution described above is not practicable with respect to any specific
registered ADR holder, the depositary may choose any method of distribution that it deems practicable for such ADR holder, including
the distribution of foreign currency, securities or property, or it may retain such items, without paying interest on or investing them, on
behalf of the ADR holder as deposited securities, in which case the ADSs will also represent the retained items.
Any U.S. dollars will be distributed by checks drawn on a bank in the United States for whole dollars and cents. Fractional cents
will be withheld without liability and dealt with by the depositary in accordance with its then current practices.
The depositary is not responsible if it fails to determine that any distribution or action is lawful or reasonably practicable.
There can be no assurance that the depositary will be able to convert any currency at a specified exchange rate or sell any
property, rights, shares or other securities at a specified price, nor that any of such transactions can be completed within a specified time
period. All purchases and sales of securities will be handled by the depositary in accordance with its then current policies, which are
currently set forth on the “Disclosures” page (or successor page) of www.adr.com (as updated by the depositary from time to time,
“ADR.com”).
Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation
How does the depositary issue ADSs?
The depositary will issue ADSs if you or your broker deposit shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian
and pay the fees and expenses owing to the depositary in connection with such issuance.
Shares deposited in the future with the custodian must be accompanied by certain delivery documentation and shall, at the time
of such deposit, be registered in the name of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary for the benefit of holders of ADRs or in such
other name as the depositary shall direct.
The custodian will hold all deposited shares (including those being deposited by or on our behalf in connection with the offering
to which this prospectus relates) for the account and to the order of the depositary, in each case for the benefit of ADR holders, to the
extent not prohibited by law. ADR holders and beneficial owners thus have no direct ownership interest in the shares and only have such
rights as are contained in the deposit agreement. The custodian will also hold any additional securities, property and cash received on or
in substitution for the deposited shares. The deposited shares and any such additional items are referred to as “deposited securities”.
Deposited securities are not intended to, and shall not, constitute proprietary assets of the depositary, the custodian or their
nominees. Beneficial ownership in deposited securities is intended to be, and shall at all times
during the term of the deposit agreement continue to be, vested in the beneficial owners of the ADSs representing such deposited
securities. Notwithstanding anything else contained herein, in the deposit agreement, in the form of ADR and/or in any outstanding
ADSs, the depositary, the custodian and their respective nominees are intended to be, and shall at all times during the term of the deposit
agreement be, the record holder(s) only of the deposited securities represented by the ADSs for the benefit of the ADR holders. The
depositary, on its own behalf and on behalf of the custodian and their respective nominees, disclaims any beneficial ownership interest in
the deposited securities held on behalf of the ADR holders.
Upon each deposit of shares, receipt of related delivery documentation and compliance with the other provisions of the deposit
agreement, including the payment of the fees and charges of the depositary and any taxes or other fees or charges owing, the depositary
will issue an ADR or ADRs in the name or upon the order of the person entitled thereto evidencing the number of ADSs to which such
person is entitled. All of the ADSs issued will, unless specifically requested to the contrary, be part of the depositary’s direct registration
system, and a registered holder will receive periodic statements from the depositary which will show the number of ADSs registered in
such holder’s name. An ADR holder can request that the ADSs not be held through the depositary’s direct registration system and that a
certificated ADR be issued.
How do ADR holders cancel an ADS and obtain deposited securities?
When you turn in your ADR certificate at the depositary’s office, or when you provide proper instructions and documentation in
the case of direct registration ADSs, the depositary will, upon payment of certain applicable fees, charges and taxes, deliver the
underlying shares to you or upon your written order. Delivery of deposited securities in certificated form will be made at the custodian’s
office. At your risk, expense and request, the depositary may deliver deposited securities at such other place as you may request.
The depositary may only restrict the withdrawal of deposited securities in connection with:
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temporary delays caused by closing our transfer books or those of the depositary or the deposit of shares in connection with
voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends;
the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges; or
compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the ADRs or to the withdrawal of
deposited securities.
This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.
Record Dates
The depositary may, after consultation with us if practicable, fix record dates (which, to the extent applicable, shall be as near as
practicable to any corresponding record dates set by us) for the determination of the registered ADR holders who will be entitled (or
obligated, as the case may be):
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to receive any distribution on or in respect of deposited securities,
to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at a meeting of holders of shares,
to pay any fees, expenses or charges assessed by, or owing to, the depositary for administration of the ADR program as
provided for in the ADR, or
to receive any notice or to act or be obligated in respect of other matters,
all subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement.
Voting Rights
How do I vote?
If you are an ADR holder and the depositary asks you to provide it with voting instructions, you may instruct the depositary
how to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs. As soon as practicable after receipt from us of notice of any
meeting at which the holders of shares are entitled to vote, or of our solicitation of consents or proxies from holders of shares, the
depositary shall fix the ADS record date in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement, provided that if the depositary
receives a written request from us in a timely manner and at least 30 days prior to the date of such vote or meeting, the depositary shall,
at our expense and provided no legal prohibition exist, distribute to the registered ADR holders a “voting notice” stating (i) final
information particular to such vote and meeting and any solicitation materials, (ii) that each ADR holder on the record date set by the
depositary will, subject to any applicable provisions of the laws of the Cayman Islands, be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the
exercise of the voting rights, if any, pertaining to the deposited securities represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADR holder’s
ADRs and (iii) the manner in which such instructions may be given, including instructions for giving a discretionary proxy to a person
designated by us. Each ADR holder shall be solely responsible for the forwarding of voting notices to the beneficial owners of ADSs
registered in such ADR holder’s name. There is no guarantee that ADR holders and beneficial owners generally or any holder or
beneficial owner in particular will receive the notice described above with sufficient time to enable such ADR holder or beneficial owner
to return any voting instructions to the depositary in a timely manner.
Following actual receipt by the ADR department responsible for proxies and voting of ADR holders’ instructions (including,
without limitation, instructions of any entity or entities acting on behalf of the nominee for DTC), the depositary shall, in the manner and
on or before the time established by the depositary for such purpose, endeavor to vote or cause to be voted the deposited securities
represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADR holders’ ADRs in accordance with such instructions insofar as practicable and
permitted under the provisions of or governing the deposited securities.
ADR holders are strongly encouraged to forward their voting instructions to the depositary as soon as possible. For instructions
to be valid, the ADR department of the depositary that is responsible for proxies and voting must receive them in the manner and on or
before the time specified, notwithstanding that such instructions may have been physically received by the depositary prior to such time.
The depositary will not itself exercise any voting discretion in respect of deposited securities. The depositary and its agents will not be
responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote any of the deposited securities, for the manner in which any voting
instructions are given, including instructions to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us, for the manner in which any vote
is cast, including, without limitation, any vote cast by a person to whom the depositary is instructed to grant a discretionary proxy, or for
the effect of any such vote. Notwithstanding anything contained in the deposit agreement or any ADR, the depositary may, to the extent
not prohibited by any law, rule or regulation, or by the rules, regulations or requirements of any stock exchange on which the ADSs are
listed, in lieu of distribution of the materials provided to the depositary in connection with any meeting of, or solicitation of consents or
proxies from, holders of deposited securities, distribute to the registered holders of ADRs a notice that provides such ADR holders with,
or otherwise publicizes to such ADR holders, instructions on how to retrieve such materials or receive such materials upon request (i.e.,
by reference to a website containing the materials for retrieval or a contact for requesting copies of the materials).
We have advised the depositary that under Cayman Islands law and our constituent documents, each as in effect as of the date of
the deposit agreement, voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is (before or on the declaration of the
results of the show of hands) demanded. In the event that voting on any resolution or matter is conducted on a show of hands basis in
accordance with our constituent documents, the depositary will refrain from voting and the voting instructions received by the depositary
from ADR holders shall lapse. The depositary will not demand a poll or join in demanding a poll, whether or not requested to do so by
ADR holders or beneficial owners.
There is no guarantee that you will receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote and it is possible that you,
or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.
Reports and Other Communications
Will ADR holders be able to view your reports?
The depositary will make available for inspection by ADR holders at the offices of the depositary and the custodian the deposit
agreement, the provisions of or governing deposited securities, and any written communications from us which are both received by the
custodian or its nominee as a holder of deposited securities and made generally available to the holders of deposited securities.
Additionally, if we make any written communications generally available to holders of our shares, and we furnish copies thereof
(or English translations or summaries) to the depositary, it will distribute the same to registered ADR holders.
Fees and Expenses
What fees and expenses will you be responsible for paying?
The depositary may charge each person to whom ADSs are issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of
shares, issuances in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split
declared by us or issuances pursuant to a merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADSs or deposited
securities, and each person surrendering ADSs for withdrawal of deposited securities or whose ADRs are cancelled or reduced for any
other reason, $5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, as the case may be.
The depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a share distribution, rights
and/or other distribution prior to such deposit to pay such charge.
The following additional charges shall also be incurred by the ADR holders, the beneficial owners, by any party depositing or
withdrawing shares or by any party surrendering ADSs and/or to whom ADSs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance
pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADSs or the deposited securities or a
distribution of ADSs), whichever is applicable:
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a fee of US$0.05 or less per ADS upon which any cash distribution is made pursuant to the deposit agreement;
an aggregate fee of US$0.05 or less per ADS per calendar year (or portion thereof) for services performed by the depositary
in administering the ADRs (which fee may be charged on a periodic basis during each calendar year and shall be assessed
against holders of ADRs as of the record date or record dates set by the depositary during each calendar year and shall be
payable in the manner described in the next succeeding provision);
a fee for the reimbursement of such fees, charges and expenses as are incurred by the depositary and/or any of its agents
(including, without limitation, the custodian and expenses incurred on behalf of ADR holders in connection with
compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment) in connection
with the servicing of the shares or other deposited securities, the sale of securities (including, without limitation, deposited
securities), the delivery of deposited securities or otherwise in connection with the depositary’s or its custodian’s
compliance with applicable law, rule or regulation (which fees and charges shall be assessed on a proportionate basis
against ADR holders as of the record date or dates set by the depositary and shall be payable at the sole discretion of the
depositary by billing such ADR holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends or other cash
distributions);
a fee for the distribution of securities (or the sale of securities in connection with a distribution), such fee being in an
amount equal to the US$0.05 per ADS issuance fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been charged
as a result of the deposit of such securities (treating all such securities as if they were shares) but which securities or the net
cash proceeds from the sale thereof are instead distributed by the depositary to those ADR holders entitled thereto;
stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges;
cancellation transaction (including SWIFT, telex and facsimile transmission) fees and delivery expenses incurred at your
request in connection with the deposit or delivery of Class A ordinary shares, ADRs or
deposited securities as disclosed on the “Disclosures” page (or successor page) of ADR.com (which are payable by such
persons or holders);
transfer or registration fees for the registration of transfer of deposited securities on any applicable register in connection
with the deposit or withdrawal of deposited securities; and
fees of any division, branch or affiliate of the depositary utilized by the depositary to direct, manage and/or execute any
public and/or private sale of securities under the deposit agreement.
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To facilitate the administration of various depositary receipt transactions, including disbursement of dividends or other cash
distributions and other corporate actions, the depositary may engage the foreign exchange desk within the depositary and/or its affiliates
in order to enter into spot foreign exchange transactions to convert foreign currency into U.S. dollars. For certain currencies, foreign
exchange transactions are entered into with the depositary or an affiliate, as the case may be, acting in a principal capacity. For other
currencies, foreign exchange transactions are routed directly to and managed by an unaffiliated local custodian (or other third party local
liquidity provider), and neither the depositary nor any of its affiliates is a party to such foreign exchange transactions.
The foreign exchange rate applied to a foreign exchange transaction will be either (a) a published benchmark rate, or (b) a rate
determined by a third party local liquidity provider, in each case plus or minus a spread, as applicable. The depositary will disclose
which foreign exchange rate and spread, if any, apply to such currency on the “Disclosures” page (or successor page) of ADR.com. Such
applicable foreign exchange rate and spread may (and neither the depositary nor any of its affiliates is under any obligation to ensure that
such rate does not) differ from rates and spreads at which comparable transactions are entered into with other customers or the range of
foreign exchange rates and spreads at which the depositary or any of its affiliates enters into foreign exchange transactions in the relevant
currency pair on the date of the foreign exchange transaction. Additionally, the timing of execution of a foreign exchange transaction
varies according to local market dynamics, which may include regulatory requirements, market hours and liquidity in the foreign
exchange market or other factors. Furthermore, the depositary and its affiliates may manage the associated risks of their position in the
market in a manner they deem appropriate without regard to the impact of such activities on the depositary, us, holders or beneficial
owners. The spread applied does not reflect any gains or losses that may be earned or incurred by the depositary and its affiliates as a
result of risk management or other hedging related activity.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent we provide U.S. dollars to the depositary, neither the depositary nor any of its
affiliates will execute a foreign exchange transaction as set forth herein. In such case, the depositary will distribute the U.S. dollars
received from us.
Further details relating to the applicable foreign exchange rate, the applicable spread and the execution of foreign exchange
transactions will be provided by the depositary on ADR.com. Each holder and beneficial owner by holding or owning an ADR or ADS or
an interest therein, and we, each acknowledge and agree that the terms applicable to foreign exchange transactions disclosed from time
to time on ADR.com will apply to any foreign exchange transaction executed pursuant to the deposit agreement.
We will pay all other charges and expenses of the depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to
agreements from time to time between us and the depositary.
The right of the depositary to charge and receive payment of fees, charges and expenses survives the termination of the deposit
agreement, and shall extend for those fees, charges and expenses incurred prior to the effectiveness of any resignation or removal of the
depositary.
The fees and charges described above may be amended from time to time by agreement between us and the depositary.
The depositary may make available to us a set amount or a portion of the depositary fees charged in respect of the ADR
program or otherwise upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary may agree from time to time. The depositary collects its
fees for issuance and cancellation of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal
or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from
the amounts distributed or by selling a
portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash
distributions, or by directly billing investors, or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The
depositary will generally set off the amounts owing from distributions made to holders of ADSs. If, however, no distribution exists and
payment owing is not timely received by the depositary, the depositary may refuse to provide any further services to ADR holders that
have not paid those fees and expenses owing until such fees and expenses have been paid. At the discretion of the depositary, all fees and
charges owing under the deposit agreement are due in advance and/or when declared owing by the depositary.
Payment of Taxes
ADR holders or beneficial owners must pay any tax or other governmental charge payable by the custodian or the depositary on
any ADS or ADR, deposited security or distribution. If any taxes or other governmental charges (including any penalties and/or interest)
shall become payable by or on behalf of the custodian or the depositary with respect to any ADR, any deposited securities represented by
the ADSs evidenced thereby or any distribution thereon, including, without limitation, any Chinese Enterprise Income Tax owing if the
Circular Guoshuifa [2009] No. 82 issued by the Chinese State Administration of Taxation (SAT) or any other circular, edict, order or
ruling, as issued and as from time to time amended, is applied or otherwise, such tax or other governmental charge shall be paid by the
ADR holder thereof to the depositary and by holding or owning, or having held or owned, an ADR or any ADSs evidenced thereby, the
ADR holder and all beneficial owners thereof, and all prior ADR holders and beneficial owners thereof, jointly and severally, agree to
indemnify, defend and save harmless each of the depositary and its agents in respect of such tax or governmental charge.
Each holder and beneficial owner of ADSs and ADRs, and each prior holder and beneficial owner of ADSs and ADRs
(collectively, the “Tax Indemnitors”), by holding or having held an ADR or an interest in an ADS, acknowledges and agrees that the
depositary shall have the right to seek payment of amounts owing for tax and other governmental charges from any one or more Tax
Indemnitor(s), as determined by the depositary in its sole discretion, without any obligation to seek payment from any other Tax
Indemnitor(s). If an ADR holder owes any tax or other governmental charge, the depositary may (i) deduct the amount thereof from any
cash distributions, or (ii) sell deposited securities (by public or private sale) and deduct the amount owing from the net proceeds of such
sale. In either case the ADR holder remains liable for any shortfall. If any tax or governmental charge is unpaid, the depositary may also
refuse to effect any registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of deposited securities or withdrawal of deposited
securities until such payment is made. If any tax or governmental charge is required to be withheld on any cash distribution, the
depositary may deduct the amount required to be withheld from any cash distribution or, in the case of a non-cash distribution, sell the
distributed property or securities (by public or private sale) in such amounts and in such manner as the depositary deems necessary and
practicable to pay such taxes and distribute any remaining net proceeds or the balance of any such property after deduction of such taxes
to the ADR holders entitled thereto.
As an ADR holder or beneficial owner, you will be agreeing to indemnify us, the depositary, its custodian and any of our or
their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and affiliates against, and hold each of them harmless from, any claims by any
governmental authority with respect to taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced rate of
withholding at source or other tax benefit obtained, which obligations shall survive any transfer of ADSs, any surrender of ADSs and
withdrawal of deposited securities and any termination of the deposit agreement.
Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers
If we take certain actions that affect the deposited securities, including (i) any change in par value, split-up, consolidation,
cancellation or other reclassification of deposited securities or (ii) any distributions of shares or other property not made to holders of
ADRs or (iii) any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation, receivership, bankruptcy or sale of all or
substantially all of our assets, then the depositary may choose to, and shall if reasonably requested by us:
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amend the form of ADR;
distribute additional or amended ADRs;
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distribute cash, securities or other property it has received in connection with such actions;
sell any securities or property received and distribute the proceeds as cash; or
none of the above.
If the depositary does not choose any of the above options, any of the cash, securities or other property it receives will constitute
part of the deposited securities and each ADS will then represent a proportionate interest in such property.
Amendment and Termination
How may the deposit agreement be amended?
We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADSs without your consent for any reason. ADR
holders must be given at least 30 days’ notice of any amendment that imposes or increases any fees, charges or expenses (other than
stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges, transfer or registration fees, SWIFT, cable, telex or facsimile transmission
costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or otherwise prejudices any substantial existing right of ADR holders or beneficial owners.
Such notice need not describe in detail the specific amendments effectuated thereby, but must identify to ADR holders and beneficial
owners a means to access the text of such amendment. If an ADR holder continues to hold an ADR or ADRs after being so notified, such
ADR holder and any beneficial owner are deemed to agree to such amendment and to be bound by the deposit agreement as so amended.
No amendment, however, will impair your right to surrender your ADSs and receive the underlying securities, except in order to comply
with mandatory provisions of applicable law.
Any amendments or supplements which (i) are reasonably necessary (as agreed by us and the depositary) in order for (a) the
ADSs to be registered on Form F-6 under the Securities Act of 1933 or (b) the ADSs or shares to be traded solely in electronic book-
entry form and (ii) do not in either such case impose or increase any fees or charges to be borne by ADR holders, shall be deemed not to
prejudice any substantial rights of ADR holders or beneficial owners. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any governmental body or
regulatory body should adopt new laws, rules or regulations which would require amendment or supplement of the deposit agreement or
the form of ADR to ensure compliance therewith, we and the depositary may amend or supplement the deposit agreement and the ADR
at any time in accordance with such changed laws, rules or regulations. Such amendment or supplement to the deposit agreement in such
circumstances may become effective before a notice of such amendment or supplement is given to ADR holders or within any other
period of time as required for compliance.
Notice of any amendment to the deposit agreement or form of ADRs shall not need to describe in detail the specific
amendments effectuated thereby, and failure to describe the specific amendments in any such notice shall not render such notice invalid,
provided, however, that, in each such case, the notice given to the ADR holders identifies a means for ADR holders and beneficial
owners to retrieve or receive the text of such amendment (i.e., upon retrieval from the SEC’s, the depositary’s or our website or upon
request from the depositary).
How may the deposit agreement be terminated?
The depositary may, and shall at our written direction, terminate the deposit agreement and the ADRs by mailing notice of such
termination to the registered holders of ADRs at least 30 days prior to the date fixed in such notice for such termination; provided,
however, if the depositary shall have (i) resigned as depositary under the deposit agreement, notice of such termination by the depositary
shall not be provided to registered ADR holders unless a successor depositary shall not be operating under the deposit agreement within
60 days of the date of such resignation, and (ii) been removed as depositary under the deposit agreement, notice of such termination by
the depositary shall not be provided to registered holders of ADRs unless a successor depositary shall not be operating under the deposit
agreement on the 60th day after our notice of removal was first provided to the depositary. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
herein, the depositary may terminate the deposit agreement without notifying us, but subject to giving 30 days’ notice to the ADR
holders, under the following circumstances: (i) in the event of our bankruptcy or insolvency, (ii) if we effect (or will effect) a redemption
of all or substantially all of the deposited securities, or a cash or share distribution representing a return of all or substantially all of the
value of the
deposited securities, or (iii) there occurs a merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other transaction as a result of which securities or other
property are delivered in exchange for or in lieu of deposited securities.
After the date fixed for termination, (a) all direct registration ADRs shall cease to be eligible for the direct registration system
and shall be considered ADRs issued on the ADR register maintained by the depositary and (b) the depositary shall use its reasonable
efforts to ensure that the ADSs cease to be DTC eligible so that neither DTC nor any of its nominees shall thereafter be a holder of
ADRs. At such time as the ADSs cease to be DTC eligible and/or neither DTC nor any of its nominees is a holder of ADRs, the
depositary shall (a) instruct its custodian to deliver all shares and/or deposited securities to us along with a general stock power that
refers to the names set forth on the ADR register maintained by the depositary and (b) provide us with a copy of the ADR register
maintained by the depositary. Upon receipt of such shares and/or deposited securities and the ADR register maintained by the depositary,
we have agreed to use our best efforts to issue to each registered ADR holder a share certificate representing the shares represented by
the ADSs reflected on the ADR register maintained by the depositary in such registered ADR holder’s name and to deliver such share
certificate to the registered ADR holder at the address set forth on the ADR register maintained by the depositary. After providing such
instruction to the custodian and delivering a copy of the ADR register to us, the depositary and its agents will perform no further acts
under the deposit agreement or the ADRs and shall cease to have any obligations under the deposit agreement and/or the ADRs. After we
receive the copy of the ADR register and the shares and/or deposited securities from the depositary, we shall be discharged from all
obligations under the deposit agreement except (i) to distribute the shares to the registered ADR holders entitled thereto and (ii) for its
obligations to the depositary and its agents.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in connection with any such termination, the depositary may, in its sole discretion and
without notice to us, establish an unsponsored American depositary share program (on such terms as the depositary may determine) for
our shares and make available to ADR holders a means to withdraw the shares represented by the ADSs issued under the deposit
agreement and to direct the deposit of such shares into such unsponsored American depositary share program, subject, in each case, to
receipt by the depositary, at its discretion, of the fees, charges and expenses provided for under the deposit agreement and the fees,
charges and expenses applicable to the unsponsored American depositary share program.
Limitations on Obligations and Liability to ADR holders
Limits on our obligations and the obligations of the depositary; limits on liability to ADR holders and holders of ADSs
Prior to the issue, registration, registration of transfer, split-up, combination, or cancellation of any ADRs, or the delivery of any
distribution in respect thereof, and from time to time in the case of the production of proofs as described below, we or the depositary or
its custodian may require:
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payment with respect thereto of (i) any stock transfer or other tax or other governmental charge, (ii) any stock transfer or
registration fees in effect for the registration of transfers of shares or other deposited securities upon any applicable register
and (iii) any applicable fees and expenses described in the deposit agreement;
the production of proof satisfactory to it of (i) the identity of any signatory and genuineness of any signature and (ii) such
other information, including without limitation, information as to citizenship, residence, exchange control approval,
beneficial or other ownership of, or interest in, any securities, compliance with applicable law, regulations, provisions of or
governing deposited securities and terms of the deposit agreement and the ADRs, as it may deem necessary or proper; and
compliance with such regulations as the depositary may establish consistent with the deposit agreement or as the depositary
reasonably believes are required in order to enable compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.
The issuance of ADRs, the acceptance of deposits of shares, the registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of
ADRs or the withdrawal of shares, may be suspended, generally or in particular instances, when the ADR register or any register for
deposited securities is closed or when any such action is deemed advisable by the depositary; provided that the ability to withdraw shares
may only be limited under the following
circumstances: (i) temporary delays caused by closing transfer books of the depositary or our transfer books or the deposit of shares in
connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends, (ii) the payment of fees, taxes, and similar charges, and
(iii) compliance with any laws or governmental regulations relating to ADRs or to the withdrawal of deposited securities.
The deposit agreement expressly limits the obligations and liability of the depositary, the depositary’s custodian or ourselves and
each of our and their respective agents, provided, however, that no provision of the deposit agreement is intended to constitute a waiver
or limitation of any rights which ADR holders or beneficial owners of ADSs may have under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, to the extent applicable. The deposit agreement provides that each of us, the depositary and our respective agents
will:
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incur no liability to holders or beneficial owners if any present or future law, rule, regulation, fiat, order or decree of the
United States, the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China (including the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region, the People’s Republic of China) or any other country or jurisdiction, or of any governmental or regulatory authority
or securities exchange or market or automated quotation system, the provisions of or governing any deposited securities,
any present or future provision of our charter, any act of God, war, terrorism, nationalization, expropriation, currency
restrictions, work stoppage, strike, civil unrest, revolutions, rebellions, explosions, computer failure or circumstance beyond
our, the depositary’s or our respective agents’ direct and immediate control shall prevent or delay, or shall cause any of
them to be subject to any civil or criminal penalty in connection with, any act which the deposit agreement or the ADRs
provide shall be done or performed by us, the depositary or our respective agents (including, without limitation, voting);
incur no liability to holders or beneficial owners by reason of any non-performance or delay, caused as aforesaid, in the
performance of any act or things which by the terms of the deposit agreement it is provided shall or may be done or
performed or any exercise or failure to exercise discretion under the deposit agreement or the ADRs including, without
limitation, any failure to determine that any distribution or action may be lawful or reasonably practicable;
not incur or assume any liability to holders or beneficial owners if it performs its obligations under the deposit agreement
and ADRs without gross negligence or willful misconduct;
not be liable to holders or beneficial owners for any action or inaction by it in reliance upon the advice of or information
from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting shares for deposit, any registered holder of ADRs, any other person
believed by it to be competent to give such advice or information, or in the case of the depositary only, us; or
· may rely and shall be protected in acting upon any written notice, request, direction, instruction or document believed by it
to be genuine and to have been signed, presented or given by the proper party or parties.
Neither the depositary nor its agents have any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in
respect of any deposited securities, the ADSs or the ADRs. We and our agents shall only be obligated to appear in, prosecute or defend
any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities, the ADSs or the ADRs, which in our opinion may involve us in
expense or liability, if indemnity satisfactory to us against all expense (including fees and disbursements of counsel) and liability is
furnished as often as may be required. The depositary and its agents may fully respond to any and all demands or requests for
information maintained by or on its behalf in connection with the deposit agreement, any registered holder or holders of ADRs, any
ADRs or otherwise related to the deposit agreement or ADRs to the extent such information is requested or required by or pursuant to
any lawful authority, including without limitation laws, rules, regulations, administrative or judicial process, banking, securities or other
regulators. The depositary shall not be liable for the acts or omissions made by, or the insolvency of, any share registrar, share transfer
agent, securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system. Furthermore, the depositary shall not be responsible for, and shall
incur no liability in connection with or arising from, the insolvency of any custodian that is not a branch or affiliate of JPMorgan Chase
Bank, N.A. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the deposit agreement or any ADRs, the depositary shall not be
responsible for, and shall incur no liability in connection with or arising from, any act or omission to act on the
part of the custodian except to the extent that any registered ADR holder has incurred liability directly as a result of the custodian having
(i) committed fraud or willful misconduct in the provision of custodial services to the depositary or (ii) failed to use reasonable care in
the provision of custodial services to the depositary as determined in accordance with the standards prevailing in the jurisdiction in which
the custodian is located. The depositary and the custodian(s) may use third party delivery services and providers of information regarding
matters such as pricing, proxy voting, corporate actions, class action litigation and other services in connection with the ADRs and the
deposit agreement, and use local agents to provide services such as, but not limited to, attendance at any meetings of security holders.
Although the depositary and the custodian will use reasonable care (and cause their agents to use reasonable care) in the selection and
retention of such third party providers and local agents, they will not be responsible for any errors or omissions made by them in
providing the relevant information or services. The depositary shall not have any liability for the price received in connection with any
sale of securities, the timing thereof or any delay in action or omission to act nor shall it be responsible for any error or delay in action,
omission to act, default or negligence on the part of the party so retained in connection with any such sale or proposed sale.
The depositary has no obligation to inform ADR holders or beneficial owners about the requirements of the laws, rules or
regulations or any changes therein or thereto of any country or jurisdiction or of any governmental or regulatory authority or any
securities exchange or market or automated quotation system.
Additionally, none of the depositary, the custodian or us shall be liable for the failure by any registered holder of ADRs or
beneficial owner therein to obtain the benefits of credits or refunds of non-U.S. tax paid against such ADR holder’s or beneficial owner’s
income tax liability. The depositary is under no obligation to provide the ADR holders and beneficial owners, or any of them, with any
information about our tax status. The depositary and we shall not incur any liability for any tax or tax consequences that may be incurred
by registered ADR holders and beneficial owners on account of their ownership or disposition of ADRs or ADSs.
Neither the depositary nor its agents will be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote any of the deposited
securities, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. The depositary may rely upon instructions from us
or our counsel in respect of any approval or license required for any currency conversion, transfer or distribution. The depositary shall
not incur any liability for the content of any information submitted to it by us or on our behalf for distribution to ADR holders or for any
inaccuracy of any translation thereof, for any investment risk associated with acquiring an interest in the deposited securities, for the
validity or worth of the deposited securities, for the credit-worthiness of any third party, for allowing any rights to lapse upon the terms
of the deposit agreement or for the failure or timeliness of any notice from us. The depositary shall not be liable for any acts or omissions
made by a successor depositary whether in connection with a previous act or omission of the depositary or in connection with any matter
arising wholly after the removal or resignation of the depositary. Neither the depositary nor any of its agents shall be liable to holders and
beneficial owners of ADSs and ADRs for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages (including, without limitation, legal
fees and expenses) or lost profits, in each case of any form incurred by any person or entity (including, without limitation, holders or
beneficial owners of ADRs and ADSs), whether or not foreseeable and regardless of the type of action in which such a claim may be
brought.
In the deposit agreement each party thereto (including, for avoidance of doubt, each ADR holder and beneficial owner)
irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in any suit, action or
proceeding against the depositary and/or us directly or indirectly arising out of or relating to the shares or other deposited securities, the
ADSs or the ADRs, the deposit agreement or any transaction contemplated therein, or the breach thereof (whether based on contract, tort,
common law or any other theory), including, without limitation, any suit, action or proceeding under the United States federal securities
laws. No provision of the deposit agreement or the ADRs is intended to constitute a waiver or limitation of any rights which an ADR
holder or any beneficial owner may have under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, to the extent
applicable.
The depositary and its agents may own and deal in any class of securities of our company and our affiliates and in ADRs.
Disclosure of Interest in ADSs
To the extent that the provisions of or governing any deposited securities may require disclosure of or impose limits on
beneficial or other ownership of, or interests in, deposited securities, other shares and other securities and may provide for blocking
transfer, voting or other rights to enforce such disclosure or limits, you as ADR holders or beneficial owners agree to comply with all
such disclosure requirements and ownership limitations and to comply with any reasonable instructions we may provide in respect
thereof. In the deposit agreement, we reserve the right to instruct holders of ADSs and ADRs (and through any such holder, the beneficial
owners of ADSs evidenced by the ADRs registered in such holder’s name) to deliver their ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal of the
deposited securities so as to permit us to deal directly with the holder and/or beneficial owner thereof as a holder of shares and holders
and beneficial owners of ADSs and ADRs agree to comply with such instructions. In the deposit agreement, the depositary agreed to
cooperate with us in our efforts to inform holders of our exercise of such rights and agreed to consult with, and provide reasonable
assistance without risk, liability or expense on the part of the depositary, to us on the manner or manners in which we may enforce such
rights with respect to any holder of ADSs and ADRs, provided, however, for the avoidance of doubt, the depositary shall be indemnified
by us in connection with the foregoing.
Books of Depositary
The depositary or its agent will maintain a register for the registration, registration of transfer, combination and split-up of
ADRs, which register shall include the depositary’s direct registration system. Registered holders of ADRs may inspect such records at
the depositary’s office at all reasonable times, but solely for the purpose of communicating with other ADR holders in the interest of the
business of our company or a matter relating to the deposit agreement. Such register (and/or any portion thereof) may be closed at any
time or from time to time, when deemed expedient by the depositary. Additionally, at the reasonable request of us, the depositary may
close the issuance book portion of the ADR register in order to enable us to comply with applicable law; provided that the depositary
shall have no liability and shall be indemnified by us in such event.
The depositary will maintain facilities for the delivery and receipt of ADRs.
Appointment
In the deposit agreement, each registered holder of ADRs and each beneficial owner, upon acceptance of any ADSs or ADRs
(or any interest in any of them) issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the deposit agreement will be deemed for all
purposes to:
·
·
be a party to and bound by the terms of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs;
appoint the depositary its attorney-in-fact, with full power to delegate, to act on its behalf and to take any and all actions
contemplated in the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs, to adopt any and all procedures necessary to
comply with applicable laws and to take such action as the depositary in its sole discretion may deem necessary or
appropriate to carry out the purposes of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR and ADRs, the taking of such
actions to be the conclusive determinant of the necessity and appropriateness thereof; and
acknowledge and agree that (i) nothing in the deposit agreement or any ADR shall give rise to a partnership or joint venture
among the parties thereto nor establish a fiduciary or similar relationship among such parties, (ii) the depositary, its divisions,
branches and affiliates, and their respective agents, may from time to time be in the possession of non-public information about
us, ADR holders, beneficial owners and/or their respective affiliates, (iii) the depositary and its divisions, branches and affiliates
may at any time have multiple banking relationships with us, ADR holders, beneficial owners and/or the affiliates of any of
them, (iv) the depositary and its divisions, branches and affiliates may, from time to time, be engaged in transactions in which
parties adverse to us or ADR holders or beneficial owners may have interests, (v) nothing contained in the deposit agreement or
any ADR(s)
● shall (A) preclude the depositary or any of its divisions, branches or affiliates from engaging in such transactions or establishing
or maintaining such relationships, or (B) obligate the depositary or any of its divisions, branches or affiliates to disclose such
transactions or relationships or to account for any profit made or payment received in transactions or relationships, (vi) the
depositary shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any information held by any branch, division or affiliate of the depositary
and (vii) notice to an ADR holder shall be deemed, for all purposes of the deposit agreement and the ADRs, to constitute notice
to any and all beneficial owners of the ADSs evidenced by such ADR holder’s ADRs. For all purposes under the deposit
agreement and the ADRs, the ADR holders thereof shall be deemed to have all requisite authority to act on behalf of any and all
beneficial owners of the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs.
Governing Law
The deposit agreement, the ADSs and the ADRs are governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State
of New York. In the deposit agreement, we have submitted to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York and
appointed an agent for service of process on our behalf. Any action based on the deposit agreement, the ADSs, the ADRs or the
transactions contemplated therein or thereby may also be instituted by the depositary against us in any competent court in the Cayman
Islands, Hong Kong, the People’s Republic of China and/or the United States.
Under the deposit agreement, by holding an ADS or an interest therein, ADR holders and beneficial owners each irrevocably
agree that any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving ADR holders or beneficial owners brought by us or the depositary,
arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement, the ADSs or the ADRs or the transactions contemplated thereby, may be instituted in
a state or federal court in New York, New York, irrevocably waive any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such
proceeding, and irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. By holding an
ADS or an interest therein, ADR holders and beneficial owners each also irrevocably agree that any legal suit, action or proceeding
against or involving us or the depositary brought by ADR holders or beneficial owners, arising out of or based upon the deposit
agreement, the ADSs or the ADRs or the transactions contemplated thereby, including, without limitation, claims under the Securities
Act of 1933, may only be instituted in a state or federal court in New York, New York, irrevocably waive any objection which you may
have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit,
action or proceeding.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the deposit agreement each of the parties thereto (i.e., us, the depositary and all ADR holders
and beneficial owners of ADSs and ADRs from time to time (and any persons owning or holding interests in ADSs)) have agreed that: (i)
the depositary may, in its sole discretion, elect to institute any dispute, suit, action, controversy, claim or proceeding directly or indirectly
based on, arising out of or relating to the deposit agreement, the ADSs or the ADRs or the transactions contemplated thereby, including
without limitation any question regarding its or their existence, validity, interpretation, performance or termination, against any other
party or parties to the deposing agreement (including, without limitation, those brought by ADR holders and beneficial owners of
interests in ADSs) by having it referred to and finally resolved by an arbitration conducted under the terms set out below, and (ii) the
depositary may in its sole discretion require, by written notice to the relevant party or parties, that any such dispute, suit, action,
controversy, claim or proceeding brought by any party or parties to the deposit agreement (including, without limitation, those brought
by ADR holders and beneficial owners of interests in ADSs) against the depositary be referred to and finally settled by an arbitration
conducted under the terms set out in the deposit agreement; provided however, notwithstanding the depositary’s written notice under this
clause (ii), to the extent there are specific federal securities law violation aspects to any claims against us and/or the depositary brought
by any ADR holder or beneficial owner of an interest in ADSs, the federal securities law violation aspects of such claims brought by an
ADR holder and/or beneficial owner of an interest in ADSs against us and/or the depositary may, at the option of such ADR holder
and/or beneficial owner of an interest in ADSs, remain in state or federal court in New York, New York and all other aspects, claims,
disputes, suits, actions, controversies, claims and/or proceedings brought by such ADR holder and/or beneficial owner of an interest in
ADSs against us and/or the depositary, including those brought along with, or in addition to, federal securities law violation claims,
would be referred to arbitration in accordance with the deposit agreement.
Any such arbitration shall, at the depositary’s election, be conducted either in New York, New York in accordance with the
Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association or in Hong Kong following the arbitration rules of the United
Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) with the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre serving as the
appointing authority, in each case as amended by the provisions of the deposit agreement, and the language of any such arbitration shall
be English, in each case as provided in the deposit agreement. Judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitration may be entered in
any court having jurisdiction thereof.
Jury Trial Waiver
In the deposit agreement, each party thereto (including, for the avoidance of doubt, each holder and beneficial owner of, and/or
holder of interests in, ADSs or ADRs) irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a
trial by jury in any suit, action or proceeding against the depositary and/or us directly or indirectly arising out of or relating to the shares
or other deposited securities, the ADSs or the ADRs, the deposit agreement or any transaction contemplated therein, or the breach thereof
(whether based on contract, tort, common law or any other theory), including, without limitation, any suit, action or proceeding under the
U.S. federal securities laws. No provision of the deposit agreement or any ADR is intended to constitute a waiver or limitation of any
rights which holders or beneficial owners of ADSs and ADRs may have under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
to the extent applicable.
If we or the depositary were to oppose a jury trial demand based on such waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver
was enforceable in the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with applicable state and federal law, including whether a party
knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. The waiver to right to a jury trial in the deposit agreement is not
intended to be deemed a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs of our or the depositary’s compliance with the U.S. federal
securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Conversion between ADSs and Class A Ordinary Shares (Item 12.D.1 and 12.D.4 of Form 20-F)
Dealings and Settlement of Class A Ordinary Shares in Hong Kong
Our Class A ordinary shares trade on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in board lots of 100 Class A ordinary shares. Dealings in
our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are conducted in Hong Kong dollars.
The transaction costs of dealings in our Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange include:
·
·
·
·
Hong Kong Stock Exchange trading fee of 0.005% of the consideration of the transaction, charged to each of the buyer and
seller;
Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong, or SFC, transaction levy of 0.0027% of the consideration of the
transaction, charged to each of the buyer and seller;
trading tariff of HK$0.50 on each and every purchase or sale transaction. The decision on whether or not to pass the trading
tariff onto investors is at the discretion of brokers;
transfer deed stamp duty of HK$5.00 per transfer deed (if applicable), payable by the seller;
·
·
·
·
ad valorem stamp duty at a total rate of 0.2% of the value of the transaction, with 0.1% payable by each of the buyer and
the seller;
stock settlement fee, which is currently 0.002% of the gross transaction value, subject to a minimum fee of HK$2.00 and a
maximum fee of HK$100.00 per side per trade;
brokerage commission, which is freely negotiable with the broker (other than brokerage commissions for IPO transactions
which are currently set at 1% of the subscription or purchase price and will be payable by the person subscribing for or
purchasing the securities); and
the Hong Kong share registrar’s service fee of HK$2.50 or 0.05% of the market value depending on the speed of service (or
such higher fee as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules), for each transfer of ordinary
shares from one registered owner to another, each share certificate canceled or issued by it and any applicable fee as stated
in the share transfer forms used in Hong Kong.
Investors must settle their trades executed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange through their brokers directly or through
custodians. For an investor who has deposited his or her Class A ordinary shares in his or her stock account or in his or her designated
Central Clearing and Settlement System, or CCASS, participant's stock account maintained with CCASS, settlement will be effected in
CCASS in accordance with the General Rules of CCASS and CCASS Operational Procedures in effect from time to time. For an investor
who holds the physical certificates, settlement certificates and the duly executed transfer forms must be delivered to his broker or
custodian before the settlement date.
Conversion between Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong and ADSs
In connection with our Hong Kong IPO, we have established a branch register of members in Hong Kong, or the Hong Kong
share register, which will be maintained by our Hong Kong share registrar, Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited. Our
principal register of members, or the Cayman share register, will continue to be maintained by our principal share registrar, Vistra
(Cayman) Limited.
All Class A ordinary shares offered in the Hong Kong IPO have been registered on the Hong Kong share register in order to be
listed and traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. As described in further detail below, holders of Class A ordinary shares registered
on the Hong Kong share register will be able to convert these Class A ordinary shares into ADSs, and vice versa.
As a result of Hong Kong IPO, all deposits of Class A ordinary shares for the issuance of ADSs and all withdrawals of Class A
ordinary shares upon the cancellation of ADSs will be in the form of Class A ordinary shares registered on our Hong Kong Class A
ordinary share register and all corporate actions with respect thereto will be processed via the depositary’s custodian account at
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Hong Kong Branch, within the CCASS system, subject to the rules and procedures applicable to JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A. Hong Kong Branch - eligible securities, subject, in each case, to certain exceptions described below and provided that
the foregoing shall not apply to certain of our restricted Class A ordinary shares and other Class A ordinary shares as determined by us
and the depositary, which will be via our principal register in the Cayman Islands.
Our ADSs
Our ADSs are traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Dealings in our ADSs on The Nasdaq Global Select Market are
conducted in U.S. Dollars. ADSs may be held either:
·
·
directly, by having a certificated ADS, or an ADR, registered in the holder’s name, or by holding a “Direct Registration
ADR” in book-entry form in the “Direct Registration System,” the system established by the Depository Trust Company, or
DTC, for the uncertificated registration of ownership of securities utilized by the depositary to record the ownership of
ADRs without the issuance of certificates, in which case the ownership is evidenced by periodic statements issued by the
depositary to the holders of ADRs entitled thereto; or
indirectly, through the holder’s broker or other financial institution.
The depositary for our ADSs is JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., whose office is located at 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 1, New
York, New York, 10179.
Converting Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong into ADSs
An investor who holds Class A ordinary shares registered in Hong Kong and who intends to convert them to ADSs to trade on
The Nasdaq Global Select Market must deposit or have his or her broker deposit the Class A ordinary shares with the depositary’s Hong
Kong custodian, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., Hong Kong Branch, or the custodian, in exchange for ADSs.
A deposit of Class A ordinary shares trading in Hong Kong in exchange for ADSs involves the following procedures:
·
·
·
If Class A ordinary shares have been deposited with CCASS, the investor must transfer Class A ordinary shares to the
depositary’s account with the custodian within CCASS by following the CCASS procedures for transfer and submit and
deliver a duly completed and signed letter of transmittal to the custodian and the depositary via his or her broker.
If Class A ordinary shares are held outside CCASS, the investor must arrange to deposit his or her Class A ordinary shares
into CCASS for delivery to the depositary’s account with the custodian within CCASS, and submit and deliver a duly
completed and signed letter of transmittal to the custodian and depositary.
Upon payment of its fees and expenses, payment or net of the depositary’s fees and expenses, and payment of any taxes or
charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, if applicable, and subject in all cases to the terms of the deposit
agreement, the depositary will issue the corresponding number of ADSs in the name(s) requested by an investor and will
deliver the ADSs to the designated DTC account of the person(s) designated by an investor (if such ADSs are to be held
directly by such investor in book-entry form through DTC’s “Direct Registration System”) or his or her broker, or will issue
a certificated ADR if such ADSs are to be held in physical certificated form.
For Class A ordinary shares deposited in CCASS, under normal circumstances, the above steps generally require two business
days. For Class A ordinary shares held outside CCASS in physical form, the above steps may take 14 business days, or more, to
complete. Temporary delays may arise. For example, the transfer books of the depositary may from time to time be closed to ADS
issuances. The investor will be unable to trade the ADSs until the procedures are completed.
Converting ADSs to Class A Ordinary Shares Trading in Hong Kong
An investor who holds ADSs and who intends to convert his/her ADSs into Class A ordinary shares to trade on the Hong Kong
Stock Exchange must cancel the ADSs the investor holds and withdraw Class A ordinary shares from our ADS program and cause his or
her broker or other financial institution to trade such Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
An investor that holds ADSs indirectly through a broker or other financial institution should follow the procedure of the broker
or financial institution and instruct such broker or financial institution to arrange for cancelation of the ADSs, and transfer of the
underlying Class A ordinary shares from the depositary’s account with the custodian within the CCASS system to the investor’s Hong
Kong stock account.
For investors holding ADSs directly, the following steps must be taken:
·
·
To withdraw Class A ordinary shares from our ADS program, an investor who holds ADSs may turn in such ADSs at the
office of the depositary (and the applicable ADR(s) if the ADSs are held in physical certificated form), and send an
instruction to cancel such ADSs to the depositary.
Upon payment or net of its fees and expenses , payment of CCASS’ fees and expenses, and payment of any taxes or
charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, if applicable, and subject in all
cases to the terms of the deposit agreement, the depositary will instruct the custodian to deliver Class A ordinary shares
underlying the canceled ADSs to the CCASS account designated by an investor.
·
If an investor prefers to receive Class A ordinary shares outside CCASS, he or she must receive Class A ordinary shares in
CCASS first and then arrange for withdrawal from CCASS. Investors can then obtain a transfer form signed by HKSCC
Nominees Limited (as the transferor) and register Class A ordinary shares in their own names with the Hong Kong Share
Registrar.
For Class A ordinary shares to be received in CCASS, under normal circumstances, the above steps generally require two
business days, provided that the investor has provided timely and complete instructions. For Class A ordinary shares to be received
outside CCASS in physical form, the above steps may take 14 business days, or more, to complete. The investor will be unable to trade
the Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange until the procedures are completed.
Temporary delays may arise. For example, the transfer books of the depositary may from time to time be closed to ADS
cancellations. In addition, completion of the above steps and procedures is subject to there being a sufficient number of Class A ordinary
shares on the Hong Kong share register to facilitate a withdrawal from the ADS program directly into the CCASS system. We are not
under any obligation to maintain or increase the number of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register to facilitate such
withdrawals.
In the event there are not a sufficient number of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register in the account of the
depositary’s custodian at CCASS to satisfy a cancellation of ADSs and withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares in whole or in part, such
withdrawal shall be in the form of Class A ordinary shares on the Hong Kong share register to the extent available with the balance to be
in the form of Class A ordinary shares on our principal share register in the Cayman Islands. The depositary is not under any obligation,
and has no ability, to maintain or increase the number of Class A ordinary shares held by its custodian on the Hong Kong share register
to facilitate such withdrawals.
Depositary Requirements
Before the depositary issues ADSs or permits withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares, the depositary may require:
·
·
·
payment of all amounts required pursuant to the deposit agreement, including the issuance and cancellation fees therein,
any stock transfer or other tax or other governmental charges and any stock transfer or registration fees in effect;
production of satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary;
and
compliance with procedures it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including
presentation of transfer documents.
The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer, or register issuances, transfers and cancelations of ADSs generally when the
transfer books of the depositary or our Hong Kong share registrar or Cayman share register are closed or at any time if the depositary or
we determine it advisable to do so, subject to such refusal complying with U.S. federal securities laws.
All costs attributable to the transfer of Class A ordinary shares to effect a withdrawal from or deposit of Class A ordinary shares
into our ADS program will be borne by the investor requesting the transfer. In particular, holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs
should note that the Hong Kong share registrar will charge between HK$2.50 to HK$20, depending on the speed of service (or such
higher fee as may from time to time be permitted under the Hong Kong Listing Rules), for each transfer of Class A ordinary shares from
one registered owner to another, each Class A ordinary share certificate canceled or issued by it and any applicable fee as stated in the
Class A ordinary share transfer forms used in Hong Kong. In addition, holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs must pay up to
US$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) for each issuance of ADSs and each cancelation of
ADSs, as the case may be, in connection with the deposit of Class A ordinary shares into, or withdrawal of Class A ordinary shares from,
our ADS program.
LIST OF SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES AND CONSOLIDATED AFFILIATED ENTITY*
All significant subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entity do business under their legal name.
EXHIBIT 8.1
Significant Subsidiaries
Name of Company
Shanghai Baozun E-commerce Limited
Baozun Hong Kong Holding Limited
Shanghai Bodao E-commerce Limited
Shanghai Fengbo E-commerce Limited
Baozun Hongkong Limited
Baozun Hongkong Investment Limited
Baotong Inc.
Baotong Hong Kong Holding Limited
Baotong E-Logistics Technology (Suzhou) Limited
Shanghai Yingsai Advertisement Limited
Baozun Brand Management Limited
White Horse Hongkong Holding Limited
Gap (Shanghai) Commercial Co., Ltd.
Jurisdiction of
Incorporation
PRC
Hong Kong
PRC
PRC
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Cayman Islands
Hong Kong
PRC
PRC
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
PRC
Percentage of
Attributable
Equity Interests
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
70%
70%
70%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Affiliated Entity Consolidated in the Registrant’s Financial Statement
Name of Company
Shanghai Zunyi Business Consulting Ltd.
Jurisdiction of
Incorporation
PRC
* Other consolidated entities of Baozun Inc. have been omitted from this list since, considered in the aggregate as a single entity, they
would not constitute a significant subsidiary.
EXHIBIT 12.1
I, Vincent Wenbin Qiu, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Baozun Inc.;
CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in
this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known
to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on
such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period
covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal
control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the
equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 25, 2023
/s/ Vincent Wenbin Qiu
By:
Name:Vincent Wenbin Qiu
Title: Chief Executive Officer
EXHIBIT 12.2
I, Arthur Yu, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Baozun Inc.;
CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in
this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known
to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on
such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period
covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal
control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the
equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 25, 2023
/s/ Arthur Yu
By:
Name:Arthur Yu
Title: Chief Financial Officer
CERTIFICATION
EXHIBIT 13.1
In connection with the annual report of Baozun Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022, as
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Vincent Wenbin Qiu, Chief Executive Officer of
the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to
my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company.
Date: April 25, 2023
/s/ Vincent Wenbin Qiu
By:
Name:Vincent Wenbin Qiu
Title: Chief Executive Officer
CERTIFICATION
EXHIBIT 13.2
In connection with the annual report of Baozun Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022, as
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Arthur Yu, Chief Financial Officer of the
Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my
knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company.
Date: April 25, 2023
/s/ Arthur Yu
By:
Name:Arthur Yu
Title: Chief Financial Officer
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements No. 333-205944, No. 333-217121, No. 333-224330, No. 333-
230994, No. 333-237873, No. 333-255176, No. 333-263966 and No. 333-268083 on Form S-8 of our reports dated April 25, 2023,
relating to the financial statements of Baozun Inc. and the effectiveness of Baozun Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting,
appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Baozun Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022.
EXHIBIT 15.1
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP
Shanghai, China
April 25, 2023
EXHIBIT 15.2
April 25, 2023
CONSENT OF HAN KUN LAW OFFICES
Baozun Inc.
No. 1-9, Lane 510, West Jiangchang Road
Shanghai 200436
The People’s Republic of China
Dear Sirs,
We consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Item 4. Information on the Company – C. Organizational Structure” in
Baozun Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”), which will be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in the month of April 2023. We also consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent
letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report.
Yours faithfully,
/s/ Han Kun Law Offices
Han Kun Law Offices
EXHIBIT 15.3
Our ref
VSL/689164-000001/26347265v2
No. 1-9, Lane 510, West Jiangchang Road
Shanghai 200436
The People’s Republic of China
25 April 2023
Dear Sirs
Baozun Inc.
We have acted as legal advisors as to the laws of the Cayman Islands to Baozun Inc., an exempted company incorporated with
limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), in connection with the filing by the Company with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of an annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31
December 2022 (the “Annual Report”), which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in the month of April
2023.
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—Cayman
Islands Taxation” in the Annual Report, and further consent to the incorporation by reference of the summary of our opinion under
this heading into the Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-205944) that was filed on 30 July 2015,
pertaining to the Company’s 2014 Share Incentive Plan and 2015 Share Incentive Plan, the Company’s registration statement on
Form S-8 (File No. 333-217121) that was filed on 3 April 2017, pertaining to the Company’s 2015 Share Incentive Plan, the
Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-224330) that was filed on 18 April 2018, pertaining to the
Company’s 2015 Share Incentive Plan, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-230994) that was filed on
23 April 2019, pertaining to the Company’s 2015 Share Incentive Plan, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File
No. 333-237873) that was filed on 28 April 2020, pertaining to the Company’s 2015 Share Incentive Plan, the Company’s
registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-255176) that was filed on 12 April 2021, pertaining to the Company’s 2015
Share Incentive Plan, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-263966) that was filed on 30 March 2022,
pertaining to the Company’s 2015 Share Incentive Plan and the Company’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-
268083) that was filed on 1 November 2022, pertaining to the Company’s 2022 Share Incentive Plan.
We consent to the filing with the SEC of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Annual Report. In giving such consent, we do not
thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of
1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.
Yours faithfully
/s/ Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP
Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP