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FY2018 Annual Report · BNP Paribas Bank Polska
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ANNUAL REPORT
- 2018 -

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Overview

........................................................................................................................

page 2

Message to Shareholders

........................................................................................................................

page 3

2019 Outlook and Capital Plans

........................................................................................................................

page 3

Financial and Operating Results

........................................................................................................................

page 6

Year-End Reserves

........................................................................................................................

page 10

Management's Discussion and Analysis

........................................................................................................................

page 17

Abbreviations

........................................................................................................................

page 45

Non-GAAP Measures

........................................................................................................................

page 46

Advisories

........................................................................................................................

page 50

Management's Report

........................................................................................................................

page 53

Independent Auditors' Report

........................................................................................................................

page 54

Financial Statements and Notes thereto

........................................................................................................................

page 56

Corporate Information

........................................................................................................................

page 87

OVERVIEW

Bonavista Energy Corporation is an intermediate, dividend-paying, Canadian oil and natural gas producer headquartered 
in Calgary, Alberta. 

The year 2018 marks the 21st year of operations. Over the past 21 years, Bonavista has remained committed to being 
a responsible corporate steward of Canada's natural resources despite commodity price volatility and uncertainty inherent 
in the energy sector. Bonavista's continued focus has been on creating maximum shareholder value through the efficient 
development of high-quality natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil assets in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 
("WCSB").

Bonavista prides itself on being one of the most responsible and efficient producers in the Canadian energy sector, the 
result of bringing together excellent people who consistently find better ways of doing things. 

References to Bonavista, our, we, and the Corporation used throughout this report refer to Bonavista Energy Corporation. 
All amounts presented are expressed in Canadian dollars ("CDN") unless otherwise indicated.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 2

MESSAGE TO SHAREHOLDERS
“In 2018, we celebrated our 21st anniversary of efficient operations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, 
a basin abundant with world-class natural resources being developed under stringent environmental regulations 
and social standards that are second to none.” stated Jason Skehar, president and CEO of Bonavista.

Notwithstanding the headwinds our sector faced in 2018, the future net revenue attributable to our gross proved plus 
probable reserves ("2P") discounted at a rate of 10%, before deducting future income tax expenses ("BTNPV10")(2), 
increased seven percent to $2.64 billion. The increase in reserve value was achieved while spending less than 50% of 
our adjusted funds flow(1)  on our capital program to drill for and acquire reserves. After adjusting our 2P BTNPV10 for 
net debt(1) as at December 31, 2018, our net asset value per share increased 10% to $6.92 per share.

Despite natural gas prices at AECO weakening to $1.44 per GJ for the year, a 22-year low, we generated $63.3 million 
of adjusted funds flow(1) in excess of net capital expenditures(1) required to maintain production at 68,000 boe per day in 
the final three quarters of the year. In 2018, $60.0 million was directed towards debt repayment which contributed to 
reducing net debt(1) by $475 million over the past three years, significantly enhancing financial flexibility for the future.

We strategically allocated our exploration and development (“E&D”) capital to our highest quality development projects, 
focusing on opportunities rich in natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). This allowed us to increase our production weighting of 
natural gas liquids and oil to 31% in the fourth quarter, up from 29% in the prior year period. Furthermore, we replaced 
306% of our 2018 NGL production with 2P NGL reserves. 

Our operating, financial and reserve highlights in 2018 prove the quality, resilience and sustainability of our asset base. 
The strategy deployed in 2018 has undoubtedly enhanced our ability to create shareholder value in the future.

2019 OUTLOOK AND CAPITAL PLANS

The western Canadian natural gas sector has experienced numerous distressed pricing events throughout 2018:

•  For 2018, Canadian AECO natural gas prices averaged C$1.44 per GJ, a 22-year low at the AECO hub;

• 

• 

In the fourth quarter, Canadian natural gas prices averaged US$1.43 per mmbtu a 61% discount to the average 
natural gas price in the US of US$3.64 per mmbtu for the same period; and

In December, western Canadian AECO prices averaged C$1.67 per mcf while prices immediately south and 
east of our western Canadian borders were C$4.80 per mcf and C$4.93 per mcf, respectively.

The quality of our abundant natural gas resources in western Canada are competitive with most natural gas plays in 
North America. The challenge we face in Canada is the lack of pipeline and export egress for the product we produce.  
Our competitive supply is being constrained by exhaustive regulation creating a lack of export infrastructure to our borders.  
This, in turn is causing severe discounts in Canadian pricing and providing a competitive advantage to our most fierce 
competitor, the United States of America ("US"). This disadvantage has become clear with 50% growth in US natural 
gas production from 2007 to 2015 while western Canadian production has shrunk during the same time period.

Major transformations are underway for the global energy sector, from growing electrification to the globalization of natural 
gas markets. Growth in global gas trade is accelerating given the accessibility of natural gas with the increasing investment 
in liquefied natural gas ("LNG") and policy efforts to combat air pollution, both key drivers of natural gas demand. As 
developing economies replace coal-fired generation with modern and efficient gas-fired generation, emissions can be 
reduced.

Natural gas is clearly becoming the fossil fuel of choice around the globe. Annual volumes of LNG exported around the 
world has grown significantly from approximately 14 bcf per day in 2001 to approximately 46 bcf per day in 2018. Current 
forecasts  are  that  by  2035,  world  LNG  production  will  reach  approximately  100  bcf  per  day.  With  up  to  1,800  tcf  of 
marketable resources in place in Canada, clearly, we as Canadians have an opportunity like no other to supply the rest 
of the world with clean, environmentally and socially responsible energy.

While natural gas use in advanced economies is expected to grow over the next 20 years, Asia is expected to remain 
the primary driver of demand growth. With world demand for natural gas currently on the rise, China is expected to 
outpace Japan as the world’s largest gas-importing country this year with imports continuing to grow and expected to 
catch the level of the EU by 2040. There should be no other country that can compete like Canada to provide LNG to 
China, a developing country looking for a reliable, responsible source of clean energy.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 3

The US is also responding much quicker to the growth in world demand for LNG.  While both Canada and the US began 
in a similar position in 2010, the US will be exporting in excess of nine bcf per day by year-end. Unfortunately, here in 
Canada we cannot share the same success story.

Fortunately, the door has recently been opened with a positive final investment decision in late 2018 for the initial phase 
of LNG Canada on the west coast of our country. The first phase of this project, calling for up to two bcf per day of demand 
has  initial  exports  scheduled  for  2024. This  announcement  has  provided  an  increased  level  of  confidence  in  export 
markets for Canadian natural gas. We expect to see updates in 2019 on other LNG export project proposals, which if 
met with cooperation from our policy makers and the citizens of Canada, could add up to four bcf per day of incremental 
natural gas exports in due course.

In 2018, we proudly celebrated our 21st year of efficient operations in western Canada creating value for our shareholders 
through financial stewardship, sustainable development and cost-effective production of high quality Canadian natural 
resources. Canadian energy production standards are global benchmarks for sustainable development and environmental 
protection. Canadian natural gas is the one of the most responsible and environmentally friendly hydrocarbons in the 
world. It is a reliable, efficient and affordable source of energy developed under leading regulatory and labour standards. 
Substitution of higher carbon fuels with greater use of Canadian natural gas by international consumers is a net global 
environmental benefit.

Our  business  philosophy  in  2019  will  be  similar  to  our  approach  in  2018.  In  the  current  subdued  commodity  price 
environment, we see little economic incentive to grow our business. Hence, we intend to allocate capital to our highest 
quality  development  opportunities  whereby  we  maintain  production  from  January  to  December.  We  will  focus  on 
maximizing cash flow from operating activities with a goal to generate adjusted funds flow(1) in excess of what is required 
to maintain our forecasted production. We plan to allocate these funds to reduce our net debt(1) to strengthen our balance 
sheet and enhance our future financial flexibility. In addition, we intend to continue investing in land and infrastructure in 
the current environment to prepare our asset portfolio for maximum value creation in the future.

Our 2019 capital program is forecasted to range between $130 and $170 million, of which approximately $110 to $130
million will be allocated to our value capital program. Approximately, three quarters of our development capital is set to 
be  spent  in  our  West  Central  area  with  the  remainder  being  allocated  to  the  Deep  Basin  core  area.  With  minimal 
commitments  across  our  portfolio,  we  intend  to  remain  flexible  with  capital  allocation  and  responsive  to  changing 
commodity prices. The remaining $20 to $40 million will be allocated to support capital intended to strengthen our asset 
portfolio for the future.

Our predictable asset base and reliable capital program allows us to maintain our exit production year-over-year between 
67,000 and 69,000 boe per day. Continued ethane rejection forecasted in 2019 and a significant third party turnaround 
season negatively impacts our forecasted annual production. In June, we are forecasting a production curtailment of 
approximately 10,000 boe per day due to turnaround activity alone. Hence, we expect annual production to be between 
65,000 and 69,000 boe per day.

Currently, we have approximately 60% of our forecasted 2019 production hedged with hedges in place for all products 
that we produce. Specifically, our natural gas marketing strategy has minimized our exposure to the daily AECO hub 
with less than 17% of our forecasted natural gas production throughout the summer of 2019 being exposed to AECO 
volatility. Lastly, we have approximately 70 mmcf per day of our natural gas diversified to sales points beyond AECO. 

The 2019 plan(4) is designed to generate approximately $170 to $200 million of adjusted funds flow(1) at current strip 
prices and is expected to lead to the reduction of net debt(1) reduction for the fourth consecutive year.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 4

We  thank  our  employees  for  their  commitment  and  dedication,  our  Board  of  Directors  for  their  guidance  and  our 
shareholders for their long-term support.

On behalf of the Board of Directors,                                                       

Jason E. Skehar
President and Chief Executive Officer 

February 14, 2019 
Calgary, Alberta

Section Notes:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 
(4) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
The net present value of future net revenue attributable to Bonavista's gross proved plus probable reserves at December 31, 2018, before deducting future income tax expenses, calculated 
at a discount rate of 10% using the forecast price and cost assumptions of GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. ("GLJ"). Reference should be made to the section entitled "Oil and Gas 
Advisories". 
Basic per share calculations includes exchangeable shares which are convertible into common shares on certain terms and conditions.
Reference should be made to section titled "2019 Guidance" in Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") for the three months and year ended December 31, 2018.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 5

 
 
FINANCIAL AND OPERATING RESULTS

2018 FOURTH QUARTER FINANCIAL AND OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS

•  Maintained quarter-over-quarter production at 68,011 boe per day, despite approximately 1,600 boe per day of unscheduled 
production  curtailments,  largely  due  to  third  party  processing  interruptions  and  volatile AECO  natural  gas  prices  caused  by 
maintenance on the Nova Gas Transmission ("NGTL") system;

• 

Acquired approximately 13,500 prospective net acres and 500 boe per day of liquids rich production offsetting our operations in 
the Hoadley Glauconite trend near Willesden Green;

•  Drilled five gross (4.3 net) wells in the fourth quarter;

• 

Increased NGL production to 19,131 per day, a seven percent increase over the prior quarter and the highest quarterly volume 
in 2018;

•  Reduced cash costs(1) to $9.27 per boe, a two percent improvement over prior quarter and the lowest quarterly cost in 2018;

•  Directed 30% of our exploration and development expenditures to support capital, primarily related to spending on crown land  

and infrastructure improvement, that will add value beyond 2018; and

•  Hedged an incremental 95 mmcf per day for 2019 and contracted an incremental 20 mmcf per day to sales markets beyond 

AECO effective April 1, 2019.

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

Financial

($ thousands, except per boe and per share amounts)
Production revenues

Net income (loss)
   Per share(2)
Cash flow from operating activities
   Per share(2)
Adjusted funds flow(1) 
   Per share(2)
Dividends declared

   Per share

Total assets

Shareholders’ equity

Long-term debt
Net debt(1)
Capital expenditures:

124,302

147,188

81,227

(159,149)

0.31

77,581

0.30

61,075

0.23

2,555

0.01

(0.62)

94,515

0.37

86,108

0.33

2,518

0.01

2,923,709

2,959,470

1,552,184

1,539,461

801,625

835,905

800,544

840,173

(16)%

151 %

150 %

(18)%

(19)%

(29)%

(30)%

1 %

— %

(1)%

1 %

— %

(1)%

(24)%

632 %

514,967

553,002

11,815

(27,930)

0.05

(0.11)

291,191

325,619

1.13

1.27

259,595

301,988

1.00

10,168

0.04

1.18

10,040

0.04

2,923,709

2,959,470

1,552,184

1,539,461

801,625

835,905

800,544

840,173

164,492

289,029

6,038

760

(7,841)

557

(7)%

142 %

145 %

(11)%

(11)%

(14)%

(15)%

1 %

— %

(1)%

1 %

— %

(1)%

(43)%

177 %

36 %

1 %

1 %

   Exploration and development
   Acquisitions, net of dispositions(3)
   Corporate
Weighted average outstanding equivalent shares: (thousands)(1)
   Basic

260,047

11,037

45,172

221

   Diluted

267,135

59,722

(2,074)

9

2,356 %

256,386

262,980

1 %

2 %

258,781

265,671

255,559

262,046

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 6

Operating

(boe conversion – 6:1 basis)
Production: 
   Natural gas (mmcf/day)

   Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)
   Oil (bbls/day)(4)
      Total oil equivalent (boe/day)
Product prices:(5)
   Natural gas ($/mcf)

   Natural gas liquids ($/bbl)
   Oil ($/bbl)(4)
      Total oil equivalent ($/boe)

Operating expenses ($/boe)

Transportation expenses ($/boe)

General and administrative expenses ($/boe)
Cash costs ($/boe)(1)
Operating netback ($/boe)(1)

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

281

19,131

2,108

68,011

2.91

24.99

28.47

19.91

5.66

1.37

0.87

9.27

318

19,284

2,463

74,799

3.14

28.47

59.49

22.65

5.57

1.10

0.99

8.96

11.99

14.81

(12)%

(1)%

(14)%

(9)%

(7)%

(12)%

(52)%

(12)%

2 %

25 %

(12)%

3 %

(19)%

297

17,366

2,221

69,154

2.78

29.30

53.07

21.04

5.70

1.34

0.96

9.39

306

18,794

2,415

72,156

3.05

27.29

57.80

21.97

5.59

0.94

0.94

8.92

12.64

13.85

(3)%

(8)%

(8)%

(4)%

(9)%

7 %

(8)%

(4)%

2 %

43 %

2 %

5 %

(9)%

Notes:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Basic per share calculations include exchangeable shares which are convertible into common shares on certain terms and conditions.  
Expenditures on property acquisitions, net of property dispositions.

(2) 
(3) 
(4)  Oil includes light, medium and heavy oil.
(5) 

Product prices include realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts.

TWO CORE AREAS

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 7

The quality and predictability of Bonavista's asset portfolio, combined with the discipline and determination of its technical teams to 
innovate and deploy enhanced development practices has resulted in five percent growth in 2P reserves and a seven percent increase 
in our 2P BTNPV10.

Net capital expenditures(1) for 2018 were $171.3 million a 39% decrease from 2017 levels at $281.7 million. We remained committed 
to disciplined reinvestment levels, preserving cash flow from operating activities to allocate towards the reduction of our net debt(1). 
Exploration and development expenditures were $164.5 million with $122.1 million allocated to drilling 24.9 net wells and completing 
28.4  net  wells.  The  remaining  $42.4  million  was  spent  on  support  capital,  primarily  crown  land  acquisitions  and  infrastructure 
enhancements. Our expenditures on acquisition, net of dispositions totaled $6.0 million, of which property acquisition comprised $32.7
million and property dispositions comprised $26.6 million.

Deep Basin Operations

In  2018,  35%  of  exploration  and  development  expenditures  were  invested  in  our  Deep  Basin  core  area.  Of  the  $58  million  total 
exploration and development expenditures in this area, $44 million was allocated to value capital and $14 million to support capital. 
During the year, we drilled 10 gross (7.1 net) wells mainly in the Wilrich, Notikewin, Falher and Bluesky formations. 

Average 2018 production in our Deep Basin core area was 27,496 boe per day comprised of 88% natural gas. Although the oil and 
natural gas liquids production was only 12% of total Deep Basin production, it is predominately (approximately 70%) oil and condensate 
production.

In 2018, we completed the initial phase of our farm-in at Edson and tied in the majority of the production into our Ansell facility. The 
Edson  area,  northwest  of Ansell,  is  an  attractive  multi-zone  area  with  three  prospective  zones  (Notikewin,  Falher  and  Bluesky) 
successfully tested to-date. The Notikewin formation has been the most prolific with the first well having a peak monthly raw gas rate 
of 9.0 mmcf per day and averaging 6.5 mmcf per day over the first ten months of production. Our second Notikewin well was brought 
on in late December and is performing in a similar fashion in the first few weeks of production. At a well cost of $3.2 million to drill, 
complete, equip and tie-in, this play has an outstanding production efficiency of approximately $3,500 per boe per day.

The three well Bluesky program at Edson has averaged 3.3 mmcf per day per well over six months with a modest decline rate of only 
11%. The  value  of  these  reliable  Bluesky  production  profiles  are  enhanced  with  18  barrels  per  mmcf  of  NGLs,  60%  of  which  is 
condensate.

In the current low natural gas price environment, our 2018 Ansell Wilrich development was curtailed to the drilling of only three wells. 
The final two wells have just recently been brought on production. 

West Central Operations

In 2018, 61% of exploration and development expenditures were invested in our West Central core area. Of the $100 million total 
exploration and development expenditures in this area, $79 million was allocated to value capital and $21 million to support capital. 
During the year, we drilled, completed and placed on production 18 gross wells (17.8 net wells) comprised of 11 gross (10.8 net) 
Glauconite wells, six gross (6.0 net) Falher wells and one gross (1.0 net) Notikewin well. Average 2018 production in our West Central 
core area was 38,563 boe per day comprised of 41% oil and natural gas liquids.

The focus for development activity in West Central core area shifted to the Strachan area in 2018 where 44% of exploration and 
development  expenditures  were  allocated. The  drilling  of  six  gross  (5.8  net)  wells  resulted  in  the  addition  of  4,290  boe  per  day 
cumulatively, in the final month of 2018 which equates to a cost to add production of $7,640 per boe per day. This is a significant 
improvement  over  our  2017  program  given  that  our  cost  per  meter  of  lateral  drilled  has  decreased  by  24%  from  2017  to  2018. 
Furthermore, targeting liquids rich areas of the reservoir resulted in our NGL ratio increasing 22% to 55 barrels per mmcf of raw gas, 
40% of which is condensate. Lastly, the connection to the Ricinus facility in June has resulted in a reduction of natural gas shrinkage 
from 15% to 9%.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 8

The next most active area in West Central was our Morningside Falher play where we spent 24% of our exploration and development 
expenditures and drilled six gross (6.0 net) wells. The 2018 wells averaged 4.7 mmcf per day of raw gas per well over the first month 
of production which was a 31% improvement over our 2017 program. These results were heavily influenced by our drilling activity 
extending the play north of our historical development. The Morningside Falher play continues to demonstrate excellent metrics as 
the six well program resulted in cumulative production additions in the last month of 2018 of 3,430 boe per day for a production 
efficiency of $5,540 per boe per day.

Lastly, in the Hoadley Glauconite play our focus in 2018 was in Willesden Green, an area of the reservoir characterized with greater 
NGL content. The five gross (5.0 net) wells drilled in 2018 averaged 676 boe per day per well over the first three months of production, 
a 45% improvement over our 2017 program. The horizontal lateral length for the 2018 program was 17% longer with our well costs 
only  four  percent  higher. The  five  well  program  resulted  in  production  additions  of  3,070  boe  per  day  in  the  final  month  of  2018 
generating a production efficiency of $5,530 per boe per day.

Section Notes:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Reference in this section has been made to value capital, support capital and production efficiency. These terms do not have standardized meanings or standardized calculations and are not 
comparable to similar measures used by other entities. Reference should be made to the section entitled "Oil and Gas Advisories".
Reference in this section has been made to initial production rates and other short-term production rates, Bonavista cautions that these rates are preliminary and not indicative of long term 
performance or of ultimate recovery. Reference should be made to the section entitled "Oil and Gas Advisories".

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 9

YEAR-END RESERVES

The quality and predictability of our asset portfolio, combined with the discipline and determination of our technical teams to innovate 
and deploy enhanced development practices has resulted in five percent growth in 2P reserves and a seven percent increase in our 
2P BTNPV10.

2018 Independent Reserves Evaluation

The  evaluation  of  Bonavista's  reserves  was  done  in  accordance  with  the  definitions,  standards  and  procedures  contained  in  the 
Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (“COGE Handbook”) and National Instrument 51-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Oil 
and Gas Activities (“NI 51-101”). Additional reserves information as required under NI 51-101 will be included in our Annual Information 
Form which will be filed on SEDAR on or before March 31, 2019.

Bonavista retained the independent qualified reserve evaluators, GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. ("GLJ") to evaluate 100% of its 
total light crude oil and medium crude oil (combined), heavy crude oil, conventional natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves. The 
reserves data set forth below is based upon the evaluation by GLJ with an effective date of December 31, 2018 as contained in the 
reserve report of GLJ dated February 13, 2019 (the "2018 GLJ Reserve Report"). The 2018 GLJ Reserve Report used GLJ's forecast 
price and cost assumptions. The effective date of the forecast prices used in the 2018 GLJ Reserve Report was January 1, 2019.

The reserves data set forth below also contains information regarding Bonavista's 2017 reserve estimates which were based upon 
the evaluation by GLJ with an effective date of December 31, 2017 as contained in the reserve report of GLJ dated January 31, 2018 
(the "2017 GLJ Reserve Report"). The 2017 GLJ Reserve Report used GLJ's forecast price and cost assumptions. The effective 
date of the forecast prices used in the 2017 GLJ Reserve Report was January 1, 2018.

The  reserve  estimates  contained  in  the  following  tables  represent  Bonavista's  gross  reserves,  unless  otherwise  specified,  at 
December 31, 2018 and are defined under NI 51-101, as the Corporation's interest before deduction of royalties without including any 
of  the  Corporation's  royalty  interests. All  future  net  revenues  are  estimated  using  forecast  prices,  arising  from  the  anticipated 
development  and  production  of  Bonavista's  reserves,  net  of  the  associated  royalties,  operating  costs,  development  costs,  and 
abandonment and reclamation costs and are stated prior to provision for interest and general and administrative expenses. Future 
net revenues have been presented on a before tax basis. 

It should not be assumed that the present worth of estimated future net revenues presented in the tables below represents the fair 
market value of the reserves. There is no assurance that the forecast prices and costs assumptions will be attained and variances 
could be material. The recovery and reserves estimates of Bonavista's crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves provided 
herein are estimates only and there is no guarantee that the estimated reserves will be recovered. Actual crude oil, natural gas and 
natural gas liquids reserves may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.

Reference within this section has been made to the following oil and gas terms "finding and development costs" ("F&D costs") 
and "finding, development and acquisition costs" ("FD&A costs"), "F&D recycle ratio", "FD&A recycle ratio" and "reserve 
life index" ("RLI") which have been prepared by management and do not have standardized meanings or standard calculations and 
therefore such measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other entities. For further information on these terms, 
refer to the section "Oil and Gas Advisories".

 All of Bonavista's reserves are in Canada and, specifically, in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan.

2018 Reserves Highlights

•  Replaced  184%  of  2018  production  with  the  addition  of  46.3  mmboe  of  2P  reserve  additions. This  was  accomplished  while 
spending less than 50% of our adjusted funds flow(1), with $128.1 million spent to drill 24.9 net wells and acquire reserves;

•  Replaced 306% of 2018 NGL production with the addition of 19.4 mmboe of 2P NGL reserve additions. Our corporate 2P NGL 

ratio increased eight percent or 5 barrels per mmcf of sales gas resulting in 11% growth in 2P NGL reserves;

• 

• 

• 

2P FD&A costs improved 24% to $5.72 per boe including changes in future development capital ("FDC") resulting in a 2P FD&A  
recycle ratio of 2.2:1;

Proved producing FD&A improved year-over-year by 14% to $9.12 per boe including FDC with positive technical revisions of     
1.1 mmboe, related primarily to NGL reserves, with continued well performance improvements; 

2P F&D costs improved 11% to $6.78 per boe including FDC, a reserve addition cost last experienced by Bonavista 18 years 
ago;

•  Continued innovation and the application of new technology has resulted in our average undeveloped well cost remaining at       
$3.5 million per well despite an increase of extended reach horizontal wells in our undeveloped inventory. This coupled with a 
five percent increase in the average 2P reserves per well has resulted in a decrease in our average forecasted undeveloped F&D 
costs of $5.98 per boe; and

•  Notwithstanding a significant reduction in GLJ's price forecasts from year-end 2017 to 2018, our 2P BTNPV10 reserves increased 
seven percent to $2,635.1 million as at December 31, 2018. When adjusted for net debt(1) and undeveloped land value, our net 
asset value is $7.40 per share, an increase of eight percent or $0.58 per share compared to last year.  

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 10

Reserves Summary

The following table summarizes the estimates of Bonavista's gross reserves at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, using 
the forecast price and cost assumptions in effect at the applicable reserve evaluation date:

Reserve Category(1)
(Mboe)

Proved:

Developed Producing

Developed Non-Producing

Undeveloped

Total Proved

Probable

Total Proved Plus Probable

Note:

(1) 

Amounts may not add due to rounding.

December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 % Change

148,613

9,057

136,506

294,177

164,704

458,881

154,819

7,658

112,531

275,008

162,735

437,743

(4)%

18 %

21 %

7 %

1 %

5 %

Notes:
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 

The reserve report prepared by GLJ dated February 3, 2015 and effective December 31, 2014
The reserve report prepared by GLJ dated January 25, 2016 and effective December 31, 2015.
The reserve report prepared by GLJ dated February 1, 2017 and effective December 31, 2016.
The reserve report prepared by GLJ dated January 31, 2018 and effective December 31, 2017.
The reserve report prepared by GLJ dated February 13, 2019 and effective December 31, 2018.

The following table sets forth Bonavista's crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves at December 31, 2018, using GLJ's 
forecast price and cost assumptions:

Reserve Category(1)

Crude Oil(3)(4)
Net

Gross

Natural Gas(2)(4)
Net
Gross

(Mbbls)

(Mbbls)

(MMcf)

(MMcf)

Natural Gas Liquids(4)

Gross

(Mbbls)

Net

(Mbbls)

Total Reserves(4)
Net
Gross

(Mboe)

(Mboe)

Proved:

Developed Producing
Developed Non-Producing
Undeveloped

Total Proved
Probable

Total Proved Plus Probable

3,713
354
682
4,749
2,216
6,966

3,261
296
612

608,909
39,030
573,649

553,238
37,322
524,379
4,168 1,221,589 1,114,939
650,779
1,863
6,031 1,939,462 1,765,718

717,873

43,415
2,198
40,215
85,829
42,842
128,671

36,028
1,777
35,200
73,005
35,987
108,991

148,613
9,057
136,506
294,177
164,704
458,881

131,495
8,294
123,207
262,996
146,313
409,309

Notes:

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
Includes conventional natural gas, shale natural gas and coal bed methane.
Includes light, medium, heavy and tight oil.
“Gross” means Bonavista's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before the deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests. “Net” means Bonavista's working 
interest (operating or non-operating) share after the deduction of royalty obligations, plus royalty interests in reserves. Bonavista's gross reserves for 2018 are based on the 2018 GLJ Reserve 
Report, dated February 13, 2019 effective December 31, 2018. GLJ reserve estimates were based on forecast prices and costs as of January 1, 2019.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 11

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

The following table highlights the net present value of future net revenue attributable to Bonavista's reserves at December 31, 2018, 
before deducting future income tax expense using GLJ's forecast price and cost assumptions:

Reserve Category(1)

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue as of December 31,
2018 before Income Taxes Discounted at

Unit Value before Income 
Taxes Discounted at(2)

(%/year)

Proved:

Developed Producing
Developed Non-Producing
Undeveloped

Total Proved
Probable

Total Proved Plus Probable

Notes:

(1) 
(2) 

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
Unit values are based on net reserves.

0%

($000s)

5%

($000s)

10%

($000s)

15%

($000s)

20%

10%

10%

($000s)

($/boe)

($/Mcfe)

1,877,187
60,569
1,530,027
3,467,783
2,699,380
6,167,163

1,450,682
48,397
895,144
2,394,224
1,427,813
3,822,037

1,173,200
38,785
550,337
1,762,322
872,810
2,635,132

984,874
31,530
347,392
1,363,796
589,205
1,953,001

850,805
26,031
219,458
1,096,293
425,208
1,521,501

8.92
4.68
4.47
6.70
5.97
6.44

1.49
0.78
0.74
1.12
0.99
1.07

GLJ commodity price forecasts have been reduced significantly for most products relative to a year ago. For 2019, AECO natural 
gas prices have eroded 27% while the Edmonton light oil prices have been reduced by 10%. Similarly, for 2019 the ethane, propane, 
butane and pentane price has been reduced by 28%, 31%, 56% and 9% respectively. Bonavista's net present value of future net 
revenue attributable to Bonavista's 2P BTNPV10 increased seven percent to $2,635.1 million with a reserve life index of 16.6 years. 
The 505 2P undeveloped locations included in the 2018 GLJ Reserve Report have a BTNPV10 of $1.12 billion.

Pricing Assumptions

The forecast price and cost assumptions used in Bonavista's reserves assume primarily an increase in wellhead selling prices and 
take into account inflation with respect to future operating and capital costs. Crude oil and natural gas benchmark reference pricing, 
inflation and foreign exchange rates used in the 2018 GLJ Reserve Report were as follows:

Year

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

Note:

Edmonton Light Crude Oil

(CDN$/bbl)
63.33
75.32
79.75
81.48
83.54
86.06
89.09
92.62
94.57
96.56
2.0%/year

WTI Oil

(US$/bbl)
56.25
63.00
67.00
70.00
72.50
75.00
77.50
80.41
82.02
83.66
2.0%/year

AECO Gas Foreign Exchange Rate

(CDN$/MMBtu)
1.85
2.29
2.67
2.90
3.14
3.23
3.34
3.41
3.48
3.54
2.0%/year

(US$/CDN$)
0.7500
0.7700
0.7900
0.8100
0.8200
0.8250
0.8250
0.8250
0.8250
0.8250
0.8250

(1)  GLJ's forecast commodity price report with an effective date January 1, 2019.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 12

Reconciliation of Changes in Reserves

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Bonavista's gross reserves between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 
and using the forecast price and cost assumptions in effect at the applicable reserve evaluation date in the 2018 GLJ Reserve Report 
and 2017 GLJ Reserve Report:

RECONCILIATION OF GROSS RESERVES BY PRINCIPAL PRODUCT TYPE FORECAST 
PRICES AND COSTS(1)

Light and
Medium Crude
(Mbbls)

Heavy Oil

Natural Gas

(Mbbls)

(MMcf)

Natural Gas
Liquids
(Mbbls)

Oil Equivalent

(Mboe)

5,962

400

1,155,012

76,145

275,008

GROSS TOTAL PROVED

December 31, 2017

Extensions and Improved 
Recovery(2)
Technical Revisions(3)
Discoveries

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Economic Factors

Production

December 31, 2018

GROSS TOTAL PROBABLE

December 31, 2017

Extensions and Improved 
Recovery(2)
Technical Revisions(3)
Discoveries

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Economic Factors

Production

December 31, 2018

GROSS TOTAL PROVED PLUS PROBABLE

December 31, 2017

Extensions and Improved 
Recovery(2)
Technical Revisions(3)
Discoveries

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Economic Factors

Production

December 31, 2018

Notes:

158

(49)

—

81

(990)

132

(790)

4,504

2,773

41

(315)

—

31

(265)

(145)

—

2,120

8,735

198

(364)

—

112

(1,255)

(13)

(790)

6,623

—

(141)

—

—

—

1

(15)

245

132

—

(34)

—

—

—

—

—

98

131,242

1,430

—

50,534

(4,181)

(4,110)

(108,339)

1,221,589

9,617

1,552

—

5,244

(232)

(177)

(6,321)

85,829

31,649

1,601

—

13,748

(1,919)

(729)

(25,182)

294,177

722,009

39,495

162,735

12,502

(27,016)

—

14,749

(1,425)

(2,947)

—

717,873

2,488

(517)

—

1,574

(82)

(115)

—

4,613

(5,369)

—

4,063

(584)

(752)

—

42,842

164,704

532

1,877,021

115,640

437,743

—

(175)

—

—

—

1

(15)

343

143,744

(25,586)

—

65,283

(5,605)

(7,057)

(108,339)

1,939,462

12,105

1,035

—

6,818

(314)

(293)

(6,321)

128,671

36,261

(3,769)

—

17,811

(2,503)

(1,481)

(25,182)

458,881

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
Infill drilling, improved recovery and extensions have been grouped as extensions and improved recovery as per NI 51-101.
Includes product transfer types to reconcile the opening balance for changes in classification between light medium crude and heavy oil.

On average, 2018 2P reserve performance exceeded the projections in the 2017 GLJ  Reserve Report as suggested by the following 
performance improvements:

• 

• 

Added 1.1 mmboe of proved developed producing reserves due to positive technical revisions;

Experienced a base production decline rate of 25% for 2018 versus the GLJ forecast at 28%;

•  NGL production as a percentage of total production was similar to GLJ at 25% despite experiencing significant ethane 

curtailment at numerous times throughout 2018; and

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 13

• 

2018 operating netback(1) of $12.64 per boe was approximately seven percent higher than that forecasted in the 2017 GLJ 
Reserve Report.

Of the 28 gross wells we drilled in 2018, 20 had been booked in the 2017 GLJ Reserve Report. Year-end 2018 2P reserves for these 
20 wells amounted to 12.6 mmboe which modestly exceeded the forecast in the 2017 GLJ  Reserve Report of 12.4 mmboe. Average 
2P F&D costs for these 20 wells was $5.95 per boe, which was modestly higher than forecast resulting from minor operational 
challenges encountered with drilling and completing two wells in Strachan.

The quality and low risk nature of our future undeveloped reserves is evident with 64% of our booked undeveloped locations being 
categorized as proved undeveloped reserves, having a 90% or greater probability of achieving the estimated reserves by definition. 
Over 90% of our future proved plus probable locations exist in close proximity to our owned and operated infrastructure creating an 
efficient and effective solution to create value in the future. 

Future Development Costs ("FDC")

FDC reflects GLJ's best estimate of what it will cost to bring the proved and proved plus probable reserves on production. Changes 
in forecast FDC occur annually as a result of development activities, acquisition and disposition activities and capital cost estimates. 
The following table sets forth the schedule of FDC required to develop future reserves using the forecast price and cost assumptions 
in effect at the applicable reserve evaluation date:

Future Development Costs(1)(2)

Total Proved

Total Proved plus Probable

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Remaining
Total (Undiscounted)
Total (Discounted at 10%)

Notes:

($ thousands)
116,333
354,967
295,751
162,914
102,727
3,540
669
3,629
472
82
205
632
8,566
1,050,486
842,040

($ thousands)
143,739
431,714
356,900
230,369
287,720
37,491
2,921
2,304
1,705
517
2,251
1,180
10,838
1,509,650
1,173,778

(1) 
(2) 

Amounts may not add due to rounding.
Future development costs include both developed and undeveloped reserves.

Total FDC, discounted at 10%, as a ratio of three-year trailing average adjusted funds flow(1)(2) of $275.3 million is 4.3 times demonstrating 
our practical approach to booking future undeveloped reserves and our ability to sustainably fund the development of those future 
reserves.

Reserve Life Index (“RLI”)

Bonavista's business plan is to create premium shareholder value through the efficient development of high quality natural gas  and 
oil assets. The profitable growth of Bonavista's reserves coupled with the sustainable production of these reserves will generate long-
term returns for shareholders. In 2018, Bonavista's proved plus probable RLI increased by nine percent to 16.6 years demonstrating 
the long-term sustainable balance that exists between exploration and development expenditures, reserves additions and production 
levels. 

The following table sets forth Bonavista's historical RLI:

Reserve Life Index (Years)(1)
Total Proved

Total Proved Plus Probable

Note:

2014

9.4

13.1

2015

9.7

14.1

2016

10.5

14.4

2017

10.3

15.2

2018

11.5

16.6

(1) 

Calculated based on the amount for the relevant reserves category divided by the production forecast for the applicable year prepared by GLJ.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 14

Reserves Performance Ratios

The following tables highlight Bonavista’s gross reserves, F&D costs, FD&A costs and the associated recycle ratios for the trailing 
three years.

Bonavista considers recycle ratio an important measure of long-term profitability. It is measured by dividing the operating netback by 
the F&D costs per boe or FD&A costs for the year. Bonavista has delivered a three-year weighted average F&D recycle ratio of 1.9:1 
and FD&A recycle ratio of 2.8:1 for proved plus probable reserves including revisions and changes in FDC.

For the years ended December 31

2018

2017

2016

Reserves (Mboe):

Proved producing

Total proved

Proved plus probable

Capital Expenditures ($ millions):

Exploration and development
Acquisitions, net of dispositions(4)

Operating Netback ($/boe)(1):

Current year

Three-year weighted average

FINDING AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

For the years ended December 31

Proved Developed Producing:

Change in FDC ($ thousands)

Reserves additions (Mboe)
F&D costs ($/boe)(2)
F&D recycle ratio(3)
F&D three-year weighted costs ($/boe)(2)
F&D recycle ratio three-year weighted average(3)

Total Proved:

Change in FDC ($ thousands)

Reserves additions (Mboe)
F&D costs ($/boe)(2)
F&D recycle ratio(3)
F&D three-year weighted costs ($/boe)(2)
F&D recycle ratio three-year weighted average(3)

Total Proved plus Probable:

Change in FDC ($ thousands)

Reserves additions (Mboe)
F&D costs ($/boe)(2)
F&D recycle ratio(3)
F&D three-year weighted costs ($/boe)(2)
F&D recycle ratio three-year weighted average(3)

148,613

294,177

458,881

164.5

6.0

12.64

13.32

154,819

275,008

437,743

289.0

(7.8)

13.85

14.55

155,907

273,183

414,205

153.9

(167.9)

13.44

17.54

2018

2017

2016

(1,822)

16,368

9.94

1.3

10.22

1.3

103,924

32,521

8.25

1.5

8.62

1.5

45,850

31,012

6.78

1.9

7.19

1.9

(11,818)

25,902

10.70

1.3

10.95

1.3

(41,615)

28,237

8.76

1.6

8.11

1.8

75,423

47,923

7.60

1.8

7.34

2.0

(173)

15,831

9.71

1.4

12.04

1.5

86,377

26,972

8.91

1.5

10.40

1.7

60,902

30,824

6.97

1.9

9.11

1.9

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 15

FINDING, DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION COSTS

For the years ended December 31

Proved Developed Producing:

Change in FDC ($ thousands)

Reserves additions (Mboe)
FD&A costs ($/boe)(2)
FD&A recycle ratio(3)
FD&A three-year weighted costs ($/boe)(2)
FD&A recycle ratio three-year weighted average(3)

Total Proved:

Change in FDC ($ thousands)

Reserves additions (Mboe)
FD&A costs ($/boe)(2)
FD&A recycle ratio(3)
FD&A three-year weighted costs ($/boe)(2)
FD&A recycle ratio three-year weighted average(3)

Total Proved plus Probable:

Change in FDC ($ thousands)

Reserves additions (Mboe)
FD&A costs ($/boe)(2)
FD&A recycle ratio(3)
FD&A three-year weighted costs ($/boe)(2)
FD&A recycle ratio three-year weighted average(3)

Notes:

2018

2017

2016

(1,822)

18,493

9.12

1.4

6.71

2.0

151,132

44,350

7.25

1.7

6.10

2.2

94,511

46,320

5.72

2.2

4.84

2.8

(13,638)

25,182

10.62

1.3

8.22

1.8

(38,762)

28,095

8.63

1.6

5.50

2.6

95,119

49,808

7.56

1.8

4.86

3.0

(2,269)

18,879

(0.86)

(15.6)

9.69

1.8

111,576

36,004

2.71

5.0

7.81

2.2

(3,821)

32,756

(0.55)

(24.4)

6.42

2.7

(1) 

(2) 
(3) 
(4) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Both F&D and FD&A costs take into account reserves revisions during the year on a per boe basis. Reference should be made to the section entitled "Oil and Gas Advisories". 
Recycle ratio is defined as operating netback per boe divided by either F&D or FD&A costs per boe. Reference should be made to the section entitled "Oil and Gas Advisories". 
Expenditures on property acquisitions, net of property dispositions.

Section Notes:

(1) 

(2) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures"
References made to three-year trailing average adjusted funds flow is calculated by taking the average adjusted funds flow reported for the current period and two immediately preceding 
reporting periods.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 16

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 

GENERAL

This Management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) for Bonavista Energy Corporation (the "Corporation" or "Bonavista") is 
dated February 14, 2019. This MD&A with respect to the three months and year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the three 
months and year ended December 31, 2017 has been prepared by management and approved by the Corporation's Audit Committee 
and Board of Directors. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements (the "financial 
statements") for the year ended December 31, 2018, together with the notes related thereto, for a full understanding of the financial 
position and results of operations of the Corporation. 

The audited consolidated financial statements and comparative information for the year ended December 31, 2018 have been prepared 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board 
("IASB"). All dollar amounts are presented in Canadian dollars ("CDN"), unless otherwise noted.

The MD&A refers to "adjusted funds flow", "operating netback", "operating margin", "cash costs", "net capital expenditures", 
"net debt" and "payout ratio", which do not have standardized meanings as prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable 
to similar measures presented by other companies where similar terminology is used. For further information, refer to the section 
"Non-GAAP Measures".

This MD&A contains forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws. Such forward-looking 
information is based upon certain expectations and assumptions and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or 
implied  by  such  forward-looking  information.  For  further  information  regarding  the  forward-looking  information  contained  herein, 
including the assumptions underlying such forward-looking information, refer to the "Forward-Looking Information" advisories section.

All boe amounts as presented in this MD&A have been calculated using the conversion of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to 
one barrel of oil (6 mcf = 1 bbl). For further information refer to the "Oil and Gas" advisories section.

ABOUT BONAVISTA

Bonavista is a Canadian oil and natural gas producer headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. Bonavista's operations are concentrated to 
its Deep Basin and West Central core areas located in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin ("WCSB"). The Deep Basin core 
area  is characterized by stacked, resource-rich reservoirs that are low in cost and provide high margin operations. The West Central 
core area draws its strength from a low-cost structure, extensive infrastructure and consistent well results often rich in natural gas 
liquids production. With two core areas Bonavista is structured to respond to changes in its business environment by having flexibility 
in how capital is allocated to create long-term value for its shareholders. Since inception, it has been Bonavista's priority to bring 
together the technical, operational and financial talent required to develop its high quality natural gas and oil assets in the most efficient 
and sustainable manner.

Bonavista's common shares are listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "TSX") under the symbol "BNP".

Additional information relating to Bonavista, including the Corporation's Annual Information Form, is available through SEDAR at 
www.sedar.com or can be obtained from Bonavista’s website at www.bonavistaenergy.com. 

2019 GUIDANCE

Bonavista's Board of Directors has approved a net capital expenditures budget of between $130 and $170 million to generate annual 
average production of between 65,000 to 69,000 boe per day. Approximately $110 to $130 million will be allocated to exploration and 
development expenditures drilling 24 to 32 gross wells and between $20 and $40 million to support capital. This program will focus 
on liquids rich opportunities, but also allows for flexibility in capital allocation as supported by changing commodity prices.

Bonavista has budgeted for between $9 and $11 million of decommissioning expenditures for 2019 of which $2.3 million pertains to 
abandonment and reclamation projects where Bonavista is not the operator and $1.2 million for regulatory compliance projects.  In 
addition, Bonavista expects to maintain its quarterly dividend policy of $0.01 per share. Together, this will generate adjusted funds 
flow of between $170 and $200 million and a payout ratio from 85% to 95% and allow for Bonavista to remain focused on net debt 
reduction in this commodity price environment. As in prior years, Bonavista will continue to monitor the economic landscape, commodity 
prices and our drilling results and adjust net capital expenditures as conditions warrant. The objective of Bonavista's 2019 net capital 
expenditure plan is to allocate capital to projects that will create sustaining value to shareholders by spending within adjusted funds 
flow while remaining opportunistic to changes in the commodity price environment.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 17

The following table sets forth Bonavista's guidance and commodity price assumptions for 2019, as well as 2018 results for comparative 
purposes:

Production:

Total oil equivalent (boe/day)

Natural gas (%)

Natural gas liquids (%)

Oil (%)

Expenses ($/boe):

Royalties

Operating

Transportation

General and administrative

Interest

Net capital expenditures ($ thousands)(1):

Exploration and development
Acquisitions, net of dispositions, including corporate(2)(3)

Decommissioning expenditures ($ thousands)

Dividends declared ($ thousands)

Cash flow from operating activities ($ thousands)
Adjusted funds flow ($ thousands)(1)
Payout ratio (%)(1)

Gross Wells (count)

Commodity Prices:

Average Edmonton light oil price ($/bbl)

Average AECO strip price ($/gj)

Notes:

2019 Guidance and
Assumptions

2018 Actual 
Results

65,000 - 69,000

69,154

70%

27%

3%

1.10 - 1.30

5.50 - 5.90

1.30 - 1.50

0.80 - 1.20

1.20 - 1.60

72%

25%

3%

1.36

5.70

1.34

0.96

1.39

130,000 - 170,000

164,492

(4,000)

9,000 - 11,000

10,000 - 10,500

200,000 - 230,000

170,000 - 200,000

85% - 95%

24 - 32

61.75

1.54

6,798

12,318

10,168

291,191

259,595

75%

28

69.33

1.44

(1) 

(2) 
(3) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Expenditures on property acquisitions, net of property dispositions.
Corporate capital expenditures refers to expenditures on office equipment.

Bonavista's 2018 results were largely in line with guidance. Production of 69,154 boe per day for the year ended December 31, 2018
fell within the guidance range of between 69,000 to 71,000 boe per day. Net capital expenditures of $171.3 million exceeded the high 
end of the guidance of between $155.0 to $165.0 million largely as a result of unbudgeted crown land purchases and fourth quarter 
acquisition activity. Cash flow from operating activities of $291.2 million exceeded the guidance of between $277.0 to $287.0 million. 
Adjusted funds flow of $259.6 million was at the midpoint of the guidance range of $255.0 to $265.0 million. Bonavista's payout ratio 
in 2018 was 75%, consistent with the high end of the guidance range of between 65% to 75%.  

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 18

SELECTED ANNUAL INFORMATION

For the years ended December 31

($ thousands, except per boe and per share amounts)
Production revenues
Production: 
   Natural gas (mmcf/day)

   Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)
   Oil (bbls/day)(4)
      Total oil equivalent (boe/day)
Product prices:(5)
   Natural gas ($/mcf)

   Natural gas liquids ($/bbl)
   Oil ($/bbl)(4)
      Total oil equivalent ($/boe)

Net income (loss)
   Per share(1)
Cash flow from operating activities
   Per share(1)
Adjusted funds flow(2) 
   Per share(1)
Operating netback ($/boe)(2)
Cash costs ($/boe)(2)
Operating expenses ($/boe)

General and administrative expenses ($/boe)
Net capital expenditures(2)
Total assets

Shareholders’ equity
Long-term debt(3)
Net debt(2)
Weighted average outstanding equivalent shares: (thousands)(1)
   Basic

   Diluted

Dividends declared

   Per share

Notes:

2018

2017

2016

514,967

553,002

445,434

297

17,366

2,221

69,154

2.78

29.30

53.07

21.04

11,815

0.05

306

18,794

2,415

72,156

3.05

27.29

57.80

21.97

280

18,247

3,708

68,550

3.13

19.97

61.89

21.41

(27,930)

(95,998)

(0.11)

(0.40)

291,191

325,619

260,792

1.13

1.27

1.10

259,595

301,988

264,391

1.00

12.64

9.39

5.70

0.96

1.18

13.85

8.92

5.59

0.94

1.11

13.44

9.40

5.60

1.08

171,290

281,745

(13,430)

2,923,709

2,959,470

3,172,157

1,552,184

1,539,461

1,560,244

801,625

835,905

258,781

265,671

10,168

0.04

800,544

840,173

255,559

262,046

10,040

0.04

930,221

877,523

237,806

242,106

13,891

0.06

Basic per share calculations include exchangeable shares which are convertible into common shares on certain terms and conditions.  
Reference should be made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Includes the current portion of long-term debt.

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4)  Oil includes light, medium and heavy oil.
(5) 

Product prices include realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 19

CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES AND ADJUSTED FUNDS FLOW

The following table sets forth Bonavista’s cash flow from operating activities and adjusted funds flow(1) for the three months and 
year ended December 31: 

($ thousands, expert per share amounts)

Cash flow from operating activities

Per share(2)

Adjusted funds flow(1)

Per share(2)

Notes:

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

77,581

0.30

61,075

0.23

94,515

0.37

86,108

0.33

(18) %

(19) %

(29) %

(30) %

291,191

325,619

1.13

1.27

259,595

301,988

1.00

1.18

(11) %

(11) %

(14) %

(15) %

(1) 

(2) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Basic per share calculations include exchangeable shares which are convertible into common shares on certain terms and conditions. 

Details of the change in cash flow from operating activities for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017 to the three 
months and year ended December 31, 2018 are provided in the following table:

($ thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities - 2017

Volume variance:

Natural gas

Natural gas liquids

Oil

Price variance:

Natural gas

Natural gas liquids

Oil

Realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts

Royalties

Operating expenses

Transportation expenses

General and administrative expenses

Decommissioning expenditures

Working capital

Cash flow from operating activities - 2018

Three months ended
December 31,

Year ended
December 31,

94,515

325,619

(8,512)

(485)

(2,033)

3,082

(9,891)

(5,047)

(8,417)

2,522

2,960

(1,018)

1,406

3,548

4,951

77,581

(7,978)

(15,820)

(4,027)

(50,466)

35,508

4,748

(9,483)

7,317

3,230

(8,857)

458

5,000

5,942

291,191

For the year ended December 31, 2018, cash flow from operating activities decreased 11% to $291.2 million ($1.13 per share, basic) 
from $325.6 million ($1.27 per share, basic) for the same period of 2017. The decrease in cash flow from operating activities was 
primarily due to lower natural gas and natural gas liquids production volumes, lower natural gas prices, a decrease in realized gains 
on financial instrument commodity contracts and an increase in transportation expenses. The decrease was partially offset by higher 
natural gas liquids prices, lower royalties, a reduction in operating expenses, a decrease in decommissioning expenditures and an 
increase in working capital.

Cash flow from operating activities decreased 18% in the fourth quarter of 2018 to $77.6 million ($0.30 per share, basic) from $94.5
million ($0.37 per share, basic) generated in the fourth quarter of 2017. The decrease in cash flow from operating activities was 
primarily due to lower natural gas production volumes, lower natural gas liquids and oil prices and lower realized gains on financial 
instrument  commodity  contracts.  The  decrease  was  partially  offset  by  lower  royalties,  a  reduction  in  operating  expenses,  lower 
decommissioning expenditures and an increase in working capital.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, adjusted funds flow decreased 14% to $259.6 million ($1.00 per share, basic) from $302.0
million ($1.18 per share, basic) for the same period of 2017. The decrease in adjusted funds flow was primarily due to lower natural 
gas and natural gas liquids production volumes and lower natural gas prices, partially offset by an increase in natural gas liquids 
prices.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 20

Adjusted funds flow decreased 29% in the fourth quarter of 2018 to $61.1 million ($0.23 per share, basic) from $86.1 million ($0.33
per share, basic) generated in the fourth quarter of 2017. The decrease in adjusted funds flow was primarily due to lower natural gas 
production volumes, lower natural gas liquids prices and lower realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts. 

NET INCOME (LOSS)

The following table sets forth Bonavista’s net income (loss) recognized for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ thousands, expert per share amounts)

Net income (loss)

Per share(1)

Note:

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

81,227

(159,149)

0.31

(0.62)

151 %

150 %

11,815

0.05

(27,930)

(0.11)

142 %

145 %

(1) 

Basic per share calculations include exchangeable shares which are convertible into common shares on certain terms and conditions. 

Details of the change in net loss for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017 to net income for three months and year 
ended December 31, 2018 are provided in the following table:

($ thousands)
Net loss - 2017

Change in production revenues

Change in royalties

Change in realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts

Change in unrealized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts

Change in operating expenses

Change in transportation expenses

Change in general and administrative expenses

Change in share-based compensation expenses
Change in gains (losses) on dispositions(1)
Change in depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

Change in net finance costs

Change in deferred income tax expense (recovery)

Net income - 2018

Note:

Three months ended
December 31,

Year ended
December 31,

(159,149)

(22,886)

2,522

(8,417)

149,028

2,960

(1,018)

1,406

882

(11,238)

224,337

(6,231)

(90,969)

81,227

(27,930)

(38,035)

7,317

(9,483)

(64,600)

3,230

(8,857)

458

5,321

(21,123)

242,108

(45,241)

(31,350)

11,815

(1) 

Includes the changes in gains and losses on the disposition of property, plant and equipment and exploration and evaluation assets.

Bonavista reported net income and comprehensive income of $11.8 million ($0.05 per share, basic) for the year ended December 31, 
2018, compared to a net loss and comprehensive loss of $27.9 million ($0.11 per share, basic) reported during the same period of 
2017. The net loss and comprehensive loss reported in the comparable prior period was largely due to a $215.0 million impairment 
charge that resulted from a sustained decline in natural gas commodity prices, changes in future development plans and technical 
reserve revisions. In 2018, indicators of impairment were also identified as a result of a sustained decline in natural gas commodity 
prices and impairment tests were conducted on each of Bonavista's CGUs. However, there was no impairment charge recorded as 
the recoverable amount was determined to exceed the carrying amount in each test. The impact of the impairment charge in 2017
was somewhat offset by changes in unrealized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts and changes in unrealized 
gains and losses on foreign exchange, recorded within net finance costs, in relation to the revaluation of Bonavista's US denominated 
senior unsecured notes.

Bonavista recorded net income and comprehensive income of $81.2 million ($0.31 per share, basic) for the fourth quarter of 2018, 
compared to a net loss and comprehensive loss of $159.1 million ($0.62 per share, basic) for the fourth quarter of 2017. The change 
in net income (loss) between the fourth quarter of 2018 and 2017, was primarily due to the  $215.0 million impairment charge recorded 
in the fourth quarter of 2017, changes in unrealized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts and a change in 
Bonavista's deferred income tax provision. The significant change in unrealized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity 
contracts was caused by the continued volatility experienced in commodity markets throughout the three months ended December 31, 
2018.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 21

DISCUSSION OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth Bonavista's drilling activity for the three months and year ended December 31:

Three months ended December 31, 2018

Year ended December 31, 2018

Wells drilled(1)
Wells completed(2)
Wells brought on production(3)

Notes:

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Based on rig release date.
Based on frac end date.
Based on first production date tied-in to permanent facilities.

Gross

5

10

10

Net

4.3

9.3

9.3

Gross

28

33

33

Net

24.9

28.4

28.4

Consistent with Bonavista's asset concentration strategy, exploration and development activities in 2018 were focused on Bonavista's 
Deep Basin and West Central core areas. These two core areas, provide Bonavista with the agility to allocate capital to ensure the 
most economic plays are pursued in response to changes in commodity prices. This flexibility will be fundamental to Bonavista's 
capital program in 2019, as the Corporation remains focused on creating incremental financial flexibility by spending within adjusted 
funds flow.

Bonavista invested $45.2 million on exploration and development projects during the three months ended December 31, 2018, drilling 
one gross (1.0 net) liquids rich natural gas well in the West Central core area and four gross (3.3 net) liquids rich natural gas wells in 
the Deep Basin core area. Bonavista's exploration and development program of $164.5 million led to the drilling of 18 gross (17.8 net) 
wells in the West Central core area and 10 gross (7.1 net) wells in the Deep Basin core area for the year ended December 31, 2018. 
Development in the West Central core area was focused on Bonavista's most economic plays with 11 gross (10.8 net) Glauconite 
wells and seven gross (7.0 net) Spirit River (Falher and Notikewin) wells. The development in the Deep Basin core area was focused 
on high rate natural gas development and included eight gross (6.1 net) Spirit River (Wilrich, Falher, Notikewin and Ellerslie) wells, 
one gross (0.4 net) Bluesky well and one gross (0.6 net) Cardium well. 

Production

The  following  table  sets  forth  Bonavista's  production  by  product  category  for  the  three  months  and  year  ended  December  31:

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2017 % Change

2017 % Change

Natural gas (mmcf/day)

Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)

Oil (bbls/day)

Total oil equivalent (boe/day)

Natural gas liquids by component (bbls/day)

Ethane (C2)
Propane (C3)
Butane (C4)
Pentanes plus and condensate (C5+)

2018

281

19,131

2,108

68,011

7,094

4,972

2,840

4,225

318

19,284

2,463

74,799

6,785

5,327

2,868

4,304

2018

297

17,366

2,221

69,154

5,381

5,048

2,754

4,183

306

18,794

2,415

72,156

6,386

5,311

2,854

4,243

(12)%

(1)%

(14)%

(9)%

5 %

(7)%

(1)%

(2)%

(1)%

(3)%

(8)%

(8)%

(4)%

(16)%

(5)%

(4)%

(1)%

(8)%

Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)

19,131

19,284

17,366

18,794

Production volumes for the year ended December 31, 2018 averaged 69,154 boe per day, a four percent decrease compared to an 
average of 72,156 boe per day for the same period of 2017. The decrease in average production volumes over the comparable prior 
period  resulted  from  natural  production  declines  in  excess  of  new  well  production  growth  combined  with  the  impact  arising  from  
temporary production curtailments in response to low natural gas pricing which impacted average production volumes for the year by 
approximately 700 boe per day and an additional 1,400 boe per day from third party turnaround activities and ethane rejection. 

For the year ended December 31, 2018, natural gas production averaged 297 mmcf per day, a three percent decrease compared to 
an average of 306 mmcf per day for the same period of 2017. The decrease in natural gas production was largely due to temporary 
shut-in of wells throughout the year in response to low natural gas prices. Natural gas liquids production was 17,366 bbls per day for 
the year ended December 31, 2018, an eight percent decrease when compared to 18,794 bbls per day for the same period of 2017. 
The decrease in natural gas liquids production largely resulted from a reduced exploration and development program in 2018 which 
led to natural production declines in excess of new well production growth in addition to temporary ethane production curtailments at 
two midstream facilities. The ethane curtailments had a negligible impact on Bonavista’s production revenues given that the heat 
value associated with the ethane remained in the residual natural gas stream enhancing the natural gas price. Oil production decreased 
eight percent to 2,221 bbls per day for the year ended December 31, 2018 from 2,415 bbls per day for the same period of 2017, due 
to natural production declines in mature light oil assets.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 22

Production volumes for the three months ended December 31, 2018 averaged 68,011 boe per day, a nine percent decrease compared 
to an average of 74,799 boe per day for the same period of 2017. The decrease in average production volumes over the same prior 
year period resulted from natural production declines in excess of new well production growth due to a reduced exploration and 
development  program  in  addition  to  the  temporary  production  curtailments  due  to  low  natural  gas  pricing,  third  party  processing 
constraints and ethane rejection which impacted fourth quarter average production volumes by approximately 1,600 boe per day. 

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, natural gas production averaged 281 mmcf per day, a 12% decrease compared to 
an average of 318 mmcf per day for the same period of 2017. Natural gas liquids production was 19,131 bbls per day for the three 
months ended December 31, 2018, a one percent decrease when compared to 19,284 bbls per day for the same period of 2017. The 
decrease in natural gas and natural gas liquids production was largely due to a reduction in new well production as a result of a 
curtailed exploration and development program. The decline in natural gas production volumes was exacerbated by low natural gas 
prices in the fourth quarter of 2018 which led to the temporary shut-in of natural gas volumes largely due to maintenance on the NGTL 
system and other third party interruptions. The decrease in natural gas liquids production volumes was somewhat mitigated by new 
well production growth from production brought-on during 2018 that was focused on liquids rich development in response to improved 
natural  gas  liquids  prices.  Oil  production  decreased  14%  to  2,108  bbls  per  day  for  the  three  months  ended  December 31,  2018
compared to 2,463 bbls per day for the same period of 2017, due to natural production declines in mature light oil assets.

The following table sets forth Bonavista's production by product category and core area for the three months and year ended 
December 31:    

West Central (boe/day)

Deep Basin (boe/day)

Other (boe/day)

Total oil equivalent (boe/day)

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

41,406

24,503

2,102

68,011

2017 % Change

42,601

28,672

3,526

74,799

(3)%

(15)%

(40)%

(9)%

2018

38,563

27,496

3,095

69,154

2017 % Change

41,929

26,880

3,347

72,156

(8)%

2 %

(8)%

(4)%

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 23

      
Bonavista's current production is approximately 67,000 to 68,000 boe per day, the composition of which is 70% natural gas and 
30% natural gas liquids and oil. 

Production revenues 

The following sets forth Bonavista's production revenues(1) by product category for the three months and year ended December 31:

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

($ thousands)

Natural gas

Natural gas liquids

Oil

66,469

50,813

7,020

71,898

61,189

14,101

Total production revenues

124,302

147,188

(8)% 236,333

(17)% 227,827

(50)%

50,807

(16)% 514,967

294,777

208,139

50,086

553,002

% of production revenue:

Natural gas (%)

Natural gas liquids and oil (%)

Note:

53%

47%

49%

51%

4 %

(4)%

46%

54%

53%

47%

(20)%

9 %

1 %

(7)%

(7)%

7 %

(1) 

Excludes the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, but includes all fixed price physical contracts.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, production revenues, excluding the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, 
decreased seven percent to $515.0 million compared to $553.0 million for the comparative period of 2017. The decrease was primarily 
due to a four percent decrease in average production volumes coupled with a three percent decrease in commodity prices on a per 
boe basis. The decrease in commodity prices was largely due to weaker natural gas prices at AECO as a result of Alberta's natural 
gas  supply  outpacing  pipeline  capacity  takeaway  expansions.  The  export  capacity  in Alberta  was  also  impacted  by  significant 
maintenance on NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. ("NGTL"). Offsetting the natural gas price decline was a year-over-year improvement 
of natural gas liquids and oil prices. Additionally, 23% of Bonavista's natural gas production has been physically diversified to US 
Midwest and Dawn markets, mitigating the impact of the continued weakness of natural gas prices at AECO in 2018 and beyond.

For  the  three  months  ended  December 31,  2018,  production  revenues,  excluding  the  impact  of  financial  instrument  commodity 
contracts, decreased 16% to $124.3 million compared to $147.2 million for the same period of 2017. The decrease was due to a nine 
percent decrease in average production volumes and a seven percent decrease in commodity prices on a per boe basis. In the fourth 
quarter of 2018 commodity prices were extremely volatile, with natural gas prices improving somewhat and natural gas liquids and 
oil prices eroding as a result of widening differentials in comparison to the fourth quarter of 2017.

Commodity Prices

The following table outlines the average benchmark prices and exchange rates for the three months and year ended December 31:

Average benchmark index prices:

Natural gas - AECO 5A daily index ($/gj)

Natural gas - AECO 7A monthly index ($/gj)

Natural gas - Ventura (daily) (US$/MMbtu)

Natural gas - Dawn (daily) (US$/MMbtu)

Light oil - MSW (Mixed Sweet) Edmonton ($/bbl)

CDN$/US$ exchange rate

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

% Change

2018

2017

% Change

1.48

1.80

3.63

3.79

42.70

1.3215

1.60

1.85

4.85

2.93

69.02

1.2717

(8)%

(3)%

(25)%

29 %

(38)%

4 %

1.42

1.45

2.96

3.12

70.92

1.2962

2.04

2.30

3.32

3.04

62.84

1.2979

(30)%

(37)%

(11)%

3 %

13 %

— %

Page 24

   
 
Canadian natural gas prices are mainly influenced by North American supply and demand fundamentals which can be impacted by 
a number of factors, including, but not limited to, weather-related conditions in key consuming natural gas markets, competition from 
alternative energy sources, changing demographics, economic growth or contraction, gas storage levels, net import and export markets, 
pipeline takeaway capacity, and drilling and completion rates and efficiencies in extracting natural gas from North American natural 
gas basins. AECO natural gas prices throughout the three months and year ended December 31, 2018 continued to receive a significant 
discount when compared to Chicago and Dawn benchmark prices, primarily due to an increase in Alberta's natural gas supply despite 
limited economic transportation and egress solutions out of the Western Canadian natural gas basins. To mitigate Bonavista's exposure 
to AECO pricing, Bonavista has engaged in an active market diversification strategy. Through this market diversification strategy 
Bonavista has entered into various gas marketing and transportation arrangements to diversify and gain exposure to alternative natural 
gas markets in North America.

Worldwide supply and demand factors are the primary determinant in the benchmark prices for crude oil; however, regional market 
and  transportation  issues  also  influence  prices.  Bonavista  generally  compares  its  oil  price  to  the  West Texas  Intermediate  (WTI) 
benchmark price, which is priced at Cushing, Oklahoma and the Mixed Sweet Blend (MSW) benchmark price, which is priced at 
Edmonton, Alberta. The differential between the WTI oil price and MSW price can widen due to a number of factors, including, but 
not limited to maintenance at North American refineries, domestic production, inventory levels and a lack of pipeline infrastructure 
connecting to key consuming oil markets. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the differentials widened further than normal with Canadian 
crude oil receiving much lower oil prices than under normal conditions. The primary factor behind these wide oil price differentials was 
a growing supply of western Canadian oil production with takeaway capacity remaining unchanged.

The following table sets forth Bonavista's physical and financial natural gas sales portfolio based on delivery point for the three months 
and year ended December 31, 2018:

(% of natural gas production)

AECO physical spot price deliveries

AECO physical fixed and financial price sales contracts

Dawn physical deliveries

Midwest physical deliveries

Three months ended
December 31, 2018

Year ended
December 31, 2018

20%

56%

14%

10%

18%

60%

13%

9%

The following sets forth Bonavista's production revenues per boe, including realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity 
contracts, for the three months and year ended December 31:

Natural gas ($/mcf):

Production revenues(1)
Realized gains(2)

Natural gas liquids ($/bbl):
Production revenues(1)
Realized losses(2)

Oil ($/bbl):

Production revenues(1)
Realized gains (losses)(2)

Total ($/boe):

Production revenues(1)
Realized gains(2)

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

2.58

0.33

2.91

28.87

(3.88)

24.99

36.21

(7.74)

28.47

19.87

0.04

19.91

2.46

0.68

3.14

34.49

(6.02)

28.47

62.24

(2.75)

59.49

21.39

1.26

22.65

5 %

(51)%

(7)%

(16)%

(36)%

(12)%

(42)%

181 %

(52)%

(7)%

(97)%

(12)%

2.18

0.60

2.78

35.94

(6.64)

29.30

62.68

(9.61)

53.07

20.40

0.64

21.04

2.64

0.41

3.05

30.34

(3.05)

27.29

56.82

0.98

57.80

21.00

0.97

21.97

(17)%

46 %

(9)%

18 %

118 %

7 %

10 %

(1,081)%

(8)%

(3)%

(34)%

(4)%

Notes:

(1) 
(2) 

Excludes the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, but includes all fixed price physical contracts.
Reference to realized gains (losses) on financial instrument commodity contracts.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 25

Natural gas prices, excluding the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, decreased 17% to $2.18 per mcf for the year
ended December 31, 2018 compared to $2.64 per mcf for the same period of 2017. Natural gas liquids prices, excluding the impact 
of financial instrument commodity contracts, increased 18% to $35.94 per bbl for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 
$30.34 per bbl for the same period of 2017. Oil prices, excluding the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, increased
10% to $62.68 per bbl for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $56.82 per bbl for the same period of 2017. 

Natural gas prices, excluding the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, increased five percent to $2.58 per mcf for the 
three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to $2.46 per mcf for the same period of 2017. Natural gas liquids prices, excluding 
the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, decreased 16% to $28.87 per bbl for the three months ended December 31, 
2018 compared to $34.49 per bbl for the same period of 2017. Oil prices, excluding the impact of financial instrument commodity 
contracts, decreased 42% to $36.21 per bbl for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to $62.24 per bbl for the same 
period of 2017. 

Consistent with Bonavista's objectives to preserve financial flexibility and maintain a strong financial position through the management 
of its capital structure, financial instrument commodity contracts have partially mitigated Bonavista's exposure to the volatile commodity 
price environment. For the year ended December 31, 2018, a gain of $16.1 million was realized on Bonavista's financial instrument 
commodity contracts compared to a realized gain of $25.6 million in the same period of 2017. Similarly, for the three months ended 
December 31, 2018, a gain of $0.3 million was realized on Bonavista's financial instrument commodity contracts compared to a realized 
gain of $8.7 million in the same period of 2017. 

Natural gas prices, including the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, decreased nine percent to $2.78 per mcf for the 
year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $3.05 per mcf for the same period of 2017. Natural gas liquids prices, including the 
impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, increased seven percent to $29.30 per bbl for the year ended December 31, 2018
compared to $27.29 per bbl realized for the same period of 2017. Oil prices, including the impact of financial instrument commodity 
contracts, decreased eight percent to $53.07 per bbl for the year ended 2018 compared to $57.80 per bbl realized for the same period 
of 2017. 

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, natural gas prices, including the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, 
decreased seven percent to $2.91 per mcf compared to $3.14 per mcf for the same period of 2017. Natural gas liquids prices, including 
the impact of financial instrument commodity contracts, decreased 12% to $24.99 per bbl for the three months ended December 31, 
2018 compared to $28.47 per bbl realized for the same period of 2017. Oil prices, including the impact of financial instrument commodity 
contracts, decreased 52% to $28.47 per bbl for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to $59.49 per bbl realized for 
the same period of 2017. 

Risk management activities

Bonavista  has  adopted  a  disciplined  commodity  price  risk  management  program  as  part  of  its  financial  management  strategy. 
Bonavista's risk management program aims to reduce the impact of commodity price volatility, protect adjusted funds flow to preserve  
financial  flexibility,  protect  acquisition  and  development  economics  and  fund  dividend  commitments. The  Board  of  Directors  has 
approved a commodity price risk management limit of 70% of forecasted revenues, net of royalties for the subsequent twelve month 
period, 60% in years two and three and 25% in years four and five, provided that no more than 80% of forecasted revenues, net of 
royalties, from any one product (where natural gas and ethane are considered as one product, propane is considered to be its own 
product and butane, condensate and oil are considered one product) may be hedged, or in the case of electricity, 60% of Bonavista's 
forecasted consumption. The term of any commodity hedge will be limited to no more than five calendar years subsequent to the 
current calendar year. Bonavista's Board of Directors regularly reviews this policy to reflect changes in market conditions.

Commodity price risk

Commodity prices for natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil are impacted not only by global economic events that dictate the levels 
of supply and demand, but also by the relationship between the CDN and US currency. Swaps and costless collars are primarily 
entered into, which limits Bonavista's exposure to volatility in commodity prices while in the case of costless collars allows for the 
participation in some of the commodity price increases.

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had entered into the following costless collars to sell oil and natural gas: 

Volume

Natural gas

Average Price

Contract

Term

15,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.30 - CDN $2.77

AECO - Costless Collar

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

Oil contracts

500 bbls/d

CDN $80.00 - CDN $93.00 WTI - Costless Collar

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

500 bbls/d

CDN $67.50 - CDN $ 73.01 WTI - Costless Collar

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2020

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 26

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had entered into the following contracts to manage its overall commodity exposure:

Volume

Natural gas

Price

Contract

Term

5,000 gjs/d

CDN $3.05

60,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.98

70,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.42

40,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.15

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.00

10,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.00)

10,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.98)

15,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.08)

15,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.08)

5,000 mmbtu/d US $5.15

50,000 mmbtu/d US $3.04

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.75

20,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.13

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.75

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.80

10,000 mmbtu/d US $4.40

20,000 mmbtu/d US $3.02

10,000 mmbtu/d US $3.75

Natural gas liquids

2,250 bbls/d

US $33.18

1,200 bbls/d

US $34.27

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

April 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019

April 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019

April 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

November 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020

AECO - Basis Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

AECO - Basis Swap

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2021

DAWN - Basis Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

DAWN - Basis Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2021

VENTURA - Swap

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

NYMEX - Swap

AECO - Sold Call

AECO - Sold Call

AECO - Sold Call

AECO - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

November 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021

NYMEX - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

NYMEX - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

NYMEX - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2021

MTB BT - Swap

MTB BT - Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

250 bbls/d

US $35.75

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

3,500 bbls/d

US $26.84

1,750 bbls/d

US $28.59

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

250 bbls/d

US $26.04

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020

Oil

3,250 bbls/d

CDN $72.28

750 bbls/d

CDN $81.89

250 bbls/d

CDN $80.17

1,000 bbls/d

CDN $90.00

1,000 bbls/d

US $54.60

WTI - Swap

WTI - Swap

WTI - Swap

WTI - Sold Call

WTI - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, Bonavista entered into the following contracts to manage its overall commodity exposure:  

Volume

Price

27,500 gjs/d

CDN $1.23

250 bbls/d

US ($8.75)

30,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.36)

30,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.36)

30,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.36)

20,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.16)

Contract

AECO - Swap

MSW - Basis

Term

April 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019

March 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

AECO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2020 - October 31, 2020

AECO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021

AECO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022

CHICAGO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022

At  December 31,  2018,  the  fair  value  recorded  on  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  for  these  financial  instrument 
commodity contracts was a net asset of $69.2 million compared to a net asset of $26.2 million at December 31, 2017. Of the $69.2
million net asset balance at December 31, 2018, a net asset of $54.5 million relates to financial instrument commodity contracts with 
term dates within one year and a net asset of $14.7 million relates to financial instrument commodity contracts with term dates beyond 
one year. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 27

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the financial instrument commodity contracts in place under Bonavista's risk management 
program resulted in a net gain of $59.1 million, consisting of a realized gain of $16.1 million and an unrealized gain of $43.0 million. 
The realized gain of $16.1 million consisted of a $66.0 million gain on natural gas commodity derivative contracts, a $42.1 million loss
on natural gas liquids commodity derivative contracts and a $7.8 million loss on oil commodity derivative contracts. For the same 
period of 2017, the financial instrument commodity contracts in place resulted in a net gain of $133.2 million, consisting of a realized 
gain of $25.6 million and an unrealized gain of $107.6 million. The realized gain of $25.6 million consisted of a $45.7 million gain on 
natural gas commodity derivative contracts, a $21.0 million loss on natural gas liquids commodity derivative contracts and a $0.9
million gain on oil commodity derivative contracts.  

For  the  three  months  ended  December 31,  2018,  the  financial  instrument  commodity  contracts  in  place  under  Bonavista's  risk 
management program resulted in a net gain of $140.1 million, consisting of a realized gain of $0.3 million and an unrealized gain of 
$139.8 million. The realized gain of $0.3 million consisted of an $8.6 million gain on natural gas commodity derivative contracts, a 
$6.8 million loss on natural gas liquids commodity derivative contracts and a $1.5 million loss on oil commodity derivative contracts. 
For the same period of 2017, the financial instrument commodity contracts in place resulted in a net loss of $0.5 million, consisting 
of a realized gain of $8.7 million and an unrealized loss of $9.2 million. The realized gain of $8.7 million consisted of a $20.0 million 
gain on natural gas commodity derivative contracts, a $10.7 million loss on natural gas liquids commodity derivative contracts and a 
$0.6 million loss on oil commodity derivative contracts. 

The following table sets forth Bonavista's realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts for 
the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ thousands)

Natural gas

Natural gas liquids

Oil

Realized gains on financial instrument

commodity contracts

Unrealized gains (losses) on financial
instrument commodity contracts

Net gain (loss) on financial instrument

commodity contracts

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

8,603

(6,835)

(1,500)

268

139,841

140,109

19,995

(10,688)

(622)

8,685

(9,187)

(502)

65,977

(42,104)

(7,790)

16,083

43,014

59,097

45,660

(20,951)

857

25,566

107,614

133,180

Bonavista's financial instrument commodity contracts are sensitive to commodity price volatility. The following tables highlight the 
approximate  impact  that  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  financial  instrument  commodity  contracts  would  have  on  net  income  at 
December 31, 2018 with changes to the underlying commodity prices.

($ thousands)

Natural Gas Commodity Contracts

Natural Gas Liquids Commodity Contracts

Oil Commodity Contracts

Commodity Price Sensitivity

Increase $0.10

Decrease $0.10

(6,391)

6,391

Increase $1.00

Decrease $1.00

(3,242)

3,242

Increase $1.00

Decrease $1.00

(1,461)

1,461

In addition to these financial instrument commodity contracts in place, Bonavista had also entered into the following fixed price physical 
contract to sell natural gas as at December 31, 2018:

Volume

Price

20,000   gjs/d

CDN $2.25

Term
November 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020(1)

Note:

(1) 

Includes a feature which at the discretion of the counterparty allows for the additional purchase of 20,000 gjs/d on the last trade date of each month for the duration of the contract.

Foreign exchange risk

Bonavista is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations as natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices received are referenced to US 
dollar denominated prices. Bonavista has mitigated some of this foreign exchange risk by entering into fixed CDN dollar natural gas, 
natural gas liquids and oil swaps and collars as outlined in the commodity price risk section above. In addition, Bonavista has US 
dollar denominated senior unsecured notes and interest obligations of which future cash repayments are directly impacted by the 
CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 28

To fix the foreign exchange rate on a portion of the US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes, Bonavista has entered into the 
following contracts to purchase US dollars at predetermined rates on settlement dates that coincide with Bonavista's US dollar debt 
repayment commitments:

Settlement date
2019(1)
November 2, 2020

October 25, 2021

November 2, 2022

May 23, 2023

Contract

Notional US$

CDN$/US$

US$ purchased forward

$9,314,400

US$ purchased forward

US$ purchased forward

US$ purchased forward

US$ purchased forward

$160,000,000

$150,000,000

$50,000,000

$40,000,000

1.2288

1.3049

1.2991

1.3012

1.2974

Note:

(1) 

Settlement dates of varying notional amounts coincide with interest payments on US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes, including: April 25, May 2, May 23, October 25, November 2 
and November 23 of 2019.

Below is an illustration of the notional amount of Bonavista's foreign exchange contracts as compared to the principal repayment of 
its US denominated senior unsecured notes at maturity:

The fair value recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position for these financial instrument contracts at December 31, 
2018 was a net asset of $18.4 million, of which a net asset of $1.2 million relates to financial instrument contracts with term dates 
within one year and a net asset of $17.2 million related to financial instrument contracts with term dates beyond one year. In comparison 
the fair value of those instruments in place at December 31, 2017 was a net liability of $19.3 million all of which related to financial 
instrument contracts with term dates beyond one year. 

For the year ended December 31, 2018, an unrealized gain on financial instrument contracts of $37.7 million was recorded, compared 
to an unrealized loss of $23.7 million for the same period of 2017. The unrealized gain for the year ended December 31, 2018, resulted 
from the weakening of the CDN dollar relative to the US dollar, which at December 31, 2018 was $1.3641 CDN$/US$ compared to 
the December 31, 2017 rate of $1.2573 CDN$/US$. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, an unrealized gain of $28.5
million was recorded, compared to an unrealized gain of $6.6 million for the same period of 2017. The unrealized gain for the three 
months ended December 31, 2018, resulted from a weaker CDN dollar relative to the US dollar, which at December 31, 2018 was 
$1.3641 CDN$/US$ compared to the September 30, 2018 rate of $1.2911 CDN$/US$. 

Bonavista's financial instrument contracts are sensitive to changes in the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate. Holding all other 
variables constant, a $0.01 change in the CDN$/US$ exchange rate at December 31, 2018 would have had an impact of approximately 
$3.5 million on net income.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 29

Royalties 

The following table sets forth Bonavista's royalties(1) by product category for the three months and year ended December 31:

Natural gas ($/mcf):

Royalties
% of Production revenues(2) 

Natural gas liquids ($/bbl):

   Royalties
   % of Production revenues(2) 
Oil ($/bbl):

   Royalties
   % of Production revenues(2) 
Total:
   Royalties ($ thousands)
   Royalties ($/boe)
   % of Production revenues(2) 

Notes:

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

(0.17)

(0.14)

(6.5)%

(5.8)%

5.05

17.5 %

4.96

13.7 %

6.13

17.8 %

5.87

9.4 %

5,544

0.89

8,066

1.17

4.5 %

5.5 %

(21)%

(0.7)%

(18)%

(0.3)%

(16)%

4.3 %

(31)%

(24)%

(1.0)%

(0.12)

—

(5.5)%

(0.2)%

(100)%

(5.3)%

6.47

18.0 %

7.90

12.6 %

5.31

17.5 %

6.51

11.5 %

34,360

1.36

41,677

1.58

6.7 %

7.5 %

22 %

0.5 %

21 %

1.1 %

(18)%

(14)%

(0.8)%

Bonavista's royalty obligations are primarily with the Government of Alberta.

(1) 
(2)  % of production revenues excludes realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts. 

Royalties for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased 18% to $34.4 million from $41.7 million for the same period of 2017. 
Royalties as a percentage of total production revenues were 6.7% for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 7.5% for the 
year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in royalties on an absolute basis and as a percentage of production revenues for the 
year ended December 31, 2018, was due to a one-time natural gas crown royalty allowable cost adjustment of $5.1 million in addition 
to a seven percent decrease in production revenues.

Natural gas royalties as a percentage of natural gas production revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 was a recovery of 
5.5% compared to a recovery of 0.2% for the year ended December 31, 2017, due to prior period natural gas crown royalty allowable 
cost adjustments. In addition, stronger realized prices in comparison to crown reference prices resulted in further reductions to natural 
gas royalties as a percentage of production revenues. Natural gas liquids royalties as a percentage of natural gas liquids production 
revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 were 18.0% compared to 17.5% for the same period of 2017. Natural gas liquids 
royalties were higher as a percentage of production revenues, due to a change in the composition of Bonavista's natural gas liquids 
production revenues. This resulted in a higher propane, butane and condensate revenue weighting leading to a higher overall royalty 
rate. Oil royalties as a percentage of oil production revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 were 12.6% compared to 11.5%
for the year ended December 31, 2017. 

For the three months ended December 31, 2018 royalties decreased 31% to $5.5 million from $8.1 million for the same period of 
2017. Royalties as a percentage of total production revenues were 4.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared 
to 5.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in royalties as a percentage of production revenues for the 
three months ended December 31, 2018, was due primarily to natural gas crown royalty allowable cost adjustments. 

Natural gas royalties as a percentage of natural gas production revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was a 
recovery of 6.5% compared to a recovery of 5.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2017, for similar reasons as noted above. 
Natural gas liquids royalties as a percentage of natural gas liquids production revenues for the three months ended December 31, 
2018 were 17.5% compared to 17.8% for the same period of 2017. Oil royalties as a percentage of oil production revenues for the 
three months ended December 31, 2018 were 13.7% compared to 9.4% for the three months ended December 31, 2017. Oil royalties 
in the fourth quarter of 2017 were impacted by prior period crown royalty adjustments.

Operating expenses 

The following sets forth Bonavista's operating expenses for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)
Operating expenses

Per boe

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

35,383

5.66

38,343

5.57

(8)%

2 %

143,935

147,165

5.70

5.59

(2)%

2 %

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 30

For the year ended December 31, 2018, operating expenses decreased two percent to $143.9 million compared to $147.2 million for 
the same period of 2017, primarily as a result of a four percent decrease in production volumes. On a per boe basis, operating expenses 
increased  two  percent  to  $5.70  per  boe  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  compared  to  $5.59  per  boe  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017. The slight increase in operating expenses on a per boe basis was largely due to the temporary shut-in of wells 
in response to low natural gas prices, third party turnaround activities and ethane rejection, partially offset by development focused 
on core assets with low cost structures. These production curtailments impact operating expenses on a per boe basis as fixed costs 
are spread amongst fewer producing barrels of oil equivalent. 

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, operating expenses decreased eight percent to $35.4 million compared to $38.3
million for the same period of 2017, primarily as a result of a nine percent decrease in production volumes. On a per boe basis, 
operating expenses increased two percent to $5.66 per boe for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to $5.57 per 
boe for the same period of 2017. The slight increase in operating expenses on a per boe basis, was due to the impact of the temporary 
shut-in of wells in response to low natural gas pricing. 

Transportation expenses 

The following table sets forth Bonavista’s transportation expenses for the three months and year ended December 31: 

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

($ thousands, except for per boe, per bbl, and per mcf amounts)
Transportation expenses

8,602

7,584

Per boe

Natural gas ($/mcf)

Natural gas liquids ($/bbl)

Oil ($/bbl)

1.37

0.30

0.45

0.74

1.10

0.23

0.36

0.87

13 %

25 %

30 %

25 %

(15)%

33,728

24,871

1.34

0.28

0.44

0.76

0.94

0.19

0.42

0.88

36 %

43 %

47 %

5 %

(14)%

Transportation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018, increased 36% to $33.7 million compared to $24.9 million for the 
same period of 2017. On a per boe basis, transportation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased 43% to $1.34 
per  boe  from  $0.94  per  boe  for  the  comparable  period  of  2017.  Similarly,  transportation  expenses  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31,  2018,  increased  13%  to  $8.6  million  compared  to  $7.6  million  for  the  same  period  of  2017.  On  a  per  boe  basis, 
transportation expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased 25% to $1.37 per boe from $1.10 per boe for the 
comparable period of 2017. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 31

The increase in transportation on an absolute and per boe basis for both the three months and year ended December 31, 2018 was 
impacted by a 10-year contract with TransCanada for Long Term Fixed Price ("LTFP") service and the corresponding NGTL firm 
delivery service, to transport natural gas on TransCanada's Mainline pipeline from Alberta to the Dawn market in Southern Ontario to 
diversify Bonavista's natural gas delivery points beyond AECO. Service under this contract commenced on November 1, 2017. To a 
lesser extent transportation expenses for natural gas were also impacted by unutilized firm service costs as a result of the temporary 
curtailment of production in response to low natural gas pricing in part due to significant NGTL maintenance. Transportation expenses 
for natural gas liquids were impacted by changes made to contract terms including custody transfer points, effective for the new 
contract year commencing April 1, 2018.

With  ongoing  concerns  over  transportation  constraints,  Bonavista  has  secured  firm  transportation  capacity  to  support  current 
development plans, with firm transportation on the NGTL system. 

Operating Netback and Operating Margin 

The following tables set forth Bonavista's operating netback(1) per boe and operating margin(1) by core area for the three months and 
year ended December 31: 

($ per boe)
Production revenues
Realized gains on financial instrument 

commodity contracts(2)

Royalties

Operating expense

Transportation expense

Operating netback

Operating margin

($ per boe)
Production revenues
Realized gains on financial instrument 

commodity contracts(2)

Royalties

Operating expense

Transportation expense

Operating netback

Operating margin

Three months ended December 31, 2018

West Central

Deep Basin

Total(3) West Central

Three months ended December 31, 2017
Total(3)

Deep Basin

20.22

—

20.22

1.27

5.82

0.95

12.18

19.90

—

19.90

0.48

4.34

2.15

12.93

19.87

0.04

19.91

0.89

5.66

1.37

11.99

23.19

—

23.19

1.55

5.92

0.80

14.92

20.34

—

20.34

0.72

4.41

1.61

13.60

21.39

1.26

22.65

1.17

5.57

1.10

14.81

60%

65%

60%

64%

67%

65%

Year ended December 31, 2018

West Central

Deep Basin

Total(3) West Central

Year ended December 31, 2017
Total(3)

Deep Basin

21.94

—

21.94

1.86

6.30

0.99

12.79

19.00

—

19.00

0.78

4.01

1.91

12.30

20.40

0.64

21.04

1.36

5.70

1.34

12.64

21.93

—

21.93

1.99

5.82

0.68

13.44

20.47

—

20.47

1.12

4.47

1.40

13.48

21.00

0.97

21.97

1.58

5.59

0.94

13.85

58%

65%

60%

61%

66%

63%

Notes:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Refer to the section entitled 
"Non-GAAP Measures".
Amounts are not allocated by area.

(2) 
(3)      Total includes amounts recorded in the British Columbia area that are not inclusive in the West Central and Deep Basin core areas.

Bonavista's operating netback for the year ended December 31, 2018, decreased nine percent to $12.64 per boe compared to $13.85
per boe for the same period of 2017. The decrease in Bonavista's operating netback on a per boe basis was largely due to a 43%
increase in transportation expenses and a four percent decrease in commodity pricing (including realized gains on financial instrument 
commodity contracts), partially offset by a 14% decrease in royalty expenses on a per boe basis. Bonavista's operating margin declined 
to 60% for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 63% for the year ended December 31, 2017, for the reasons noted above.

Bonavista's operating netback for the three months ended December 31, 2018, decreased 19% to $11.99 per boe compared to $14.81
per boe for the same period of 2017. The decrease in Bonavista's operating netback on a per boe basis was primarily due to a 12%
decrease in commodity pricing (including realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts). Bonavista's operating margin 
also declined to 60% for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to 65% for the three months ended December 31, 
2017, primarily as result of the decrease in commodity pricing (including realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts). 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 32

Cash Costs 

The following table sets forth Bonavista's cash costs(1) on a per boe basis for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ per boe)

Operating expenses

Transportation expenses

General and administrative expenses

Interest expense

Cash costs

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

% Change

2018

2017

% Change

5.66

1.37

0.87

1.37

9.27

5.57

1.10

0.99

1.30

8.96

2 %

25 %

(12)%

5 %

3 %

5.70

1.34

0.96

1.39

9.39

5.59

0.94

0.94

1.45

8.92

2 %

43 %

2 %

(4)%

5 %

Note:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Refer to the section entitled 
"Non-GAAP Measures".

Cash costs for the year ended December 31, 2018, increased five percent to $9.39 per boe, as compared to $8.92 per boe for the 
year ended December 31, 2017. Similarly, cash costs for the three months ended December 31, 2018, increased three percent to 
$9.27 per boe, compared to $8.96 per boe for the same period of 2017. The increase in transportation expenses had the greatest 
impact  to  Bonavista's  cash  cost  metric  for  the  three  months  and  year  ended  December 31,  2018,  resulting  from  fixed  priced 
transportation commitments to diversify Bonavista's sales points beyond AECO to the Dawn markets that commenced November 1, 
2017.

General and administrative expenses 

The following sets forth Bonavista’s general and administrative expenses for the three months and year ended December 31:

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)
General and administrative expenses

Per boe

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

5,413

0.87

6,819

0.99

(21)%

(12)%

24,291

0.96

24,749

0.94

(2)%

2 %

General  and  administrative  expenses,  after  overhead  recoveries,  decreased  two  percent  to  $24.3  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018 compared to $24.7 million for the same period of 2017. Despite a 38% decrease in capital overhead recoveries, 
initiatives taken to reduce Bonavista's administrative cost structure and discretionary spending more than offset the impact of a curtailed 
exploration and development program to support a decrease in general and administrative expenses on an absolute basis. These 
initiatives  led  to  savings  of  approximately  $2.7  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018.  On  a  per  boe  basis,  general  and 
administrative expenses increased two percent to $0.96 per boe for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $0.94 per boe 
for the same period of 2017, as a result of a four percent decrease in production volumes partially offset by the cost reductions noted 
above.

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, general and administrative expenses, after overhead recoveries, decreased 21%
to $5.4 million compared to $6.8 million of the same period of 2017. Similarly, on a per boe basis, general and administrative expenses 
decreased 12% to $0.87 per boe for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to $0.99 per boe for the same period of 
2017. The decrease in general and administrative expenses on an absolute and per boe basis resulted from a decrease in Bonavista's 
administrative costs structure and discretionary cost-saving initiatives which most notably saw a decrease in fees from third party 
service providers. These decreases more than offset the impact of a nine percent decrease in production volumes on a per boe basis.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 33

Share-based compensation

The  following  table  sets  forth  Bonavista’s  share-based  compensation  expense  recognized  for  the  three  months  and  year  ended 
December 31: 

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)
Share-based compensation expense

Per boe

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

1,732

0.28

2,614

0.38

(34)%

(26)%

10,381

0.41

15,702

0.60

(34)%

(32)%

Share-based  compensation  expense  recognized  in  connection  with  Bonavista's  long-term  incentive  plans  for  the  year  ended 
December 31,  2018  was  $10.4  million  compared  to  $15.7  million  recognized  for  the  same  period  of  2017.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018, $0.7 million of share-based compensation expense was capitalized to property, plant and equipment compared 
to  $1.4  million  in  the  same  period  of  2017.  Similarly,  share-based  compensation  was  $1.7  million  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2018 compared to $2.6 million for the comparative 2017 period. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, $0.1
million of share-based compensation was capitalized in property, plant and equipment compared to $0.2 million in the same period 
of 2017. 

The lower share-based compensation expense recognized for the three months and year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily 
due to the valuation of awards. The average grant price of awards issued in 2018 was $1.96 per award compared to an average price 
of $4.82 per award in 2017. This decrease was consistent with the decline in Bonavista's TSX share price when most awards are 
issued, specifically Bonavista's average share price for December 2016 was $4.88 per share compared to an average of $1.95 per 
share for December 2017. In addition, in January 2017 there was an issuance of 0.3 million restricted incentive awards which vested 
upon issue resulting in an additional $1.6 million of share-based compensation expense recognized for the year ended December 31, 
2017.

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment 

The following table sets forth Bonavista’s depletion, depreciation,  amortization and impairment expense recognized for the three 
months and year ended December 31: 

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)
Depletion, depreciation and amortization 

expense 

Impairment expense

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and

impairment expense

Per boe

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

56,177

65,514

(14) %

227,447

—

215,000

(100 )%

—

254,555

215,000

56,177

280,514

8.98

40.76

(80) %

(78) %

227,447

469,555

9.01

17.83

(11 )%

(100 )%

(52) %

(49) %

For the year ended December 31, 2018, depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment expense decreased 52% to $227.4
million  from  $469.6  million  for  the  same  period  of  2017.  Similarly,  on  a  per  boe  basis,  depletion,  depreciation,  amortization  and 
impairment expense decreased 49% to $9.01 per boe for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $17.83 per boe for the 
same period of 2017. The expense recognized for the year ended December 31, 2017, was impacted by a $215.0 million impairment 
charge. Bonavista identified indicators of impairment in two of its CGUs as at December 31, 2017, as a result of the combination of 
a sustained decline in forward commodity benchmark prices for natural gas, a reduction in future development plans and technical 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 34

reserve  revisions. As  such  an  impairment  charge  of  $28.0  million  was  recorded  in  relation  to  the  British  Columbia  CGU  and  an 
impairment charge of $187.0 million was recorded in relation to the Central Alberta CGU. 

Indicators of impairment were also determined to exist as at December 31, 2018, as a result of a sustained decline in forward commodity 
benchmark prices for natural gas. As such impairment tests were carried out on each of Bonavista's CGUs, the British Columbia, the 
West Central and the Deep Basin CGUs. In each impairment test the recoverable amount of the CGU was determined to exceed the 
carrying value and as such no impairment charge was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in depletion, 
depreciation, amortization and impairment expense on an absolute and per boe basis for the year end December 31, 2018, was also 
impacted by a four percent decrease in production volumes on which depletion expense is based.

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment expense decreased 80% to 
$56.2 million from $280.5 million for the same period of 2017. Similarly, on a per boe basis, depletion, depreciation, amortization and 
impairment expense for the three months ended December 31, 2018 decreased 78% to $8.98 per boe compared to $40.76 per boe 
for the same period of 2017. The decrease in depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment expense, on an absolute and per 
boe basis for the three months ended December 31, 2018, was largely the result of the impairment charge of $215.0 million recorded 
in the fourth quarter of 2017 in addition to a nine percent decrease in production volumes on which depletion expense is based.

The results of Bonavista's impairment tests are sensitive to changes in any of the key estimates of which changes could decrease or 
increase the recoverable amounts of assets and result in impairment charges or in the recovery of previously recorded impairment 
charges.

Net financing costs

The following table sets forth net financing costs for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)
Interest expense (1)

Per boe

Net finance costs

Per boe

Note:

(1) 

Interest on bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes.

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

8,553

1.37

22,958

3.67

8,953

1.30

16,727

2.43

(4) %

5  %

37  %

51  %

35,141

1.39

66,450

2.63

38,118

1.45

21,209

0.81

(8) %

(4) %

213  %

225  %

For the year ended December 31, 2018, net finance costs increased to $66.5 million compared to net finance costs of $21.2 million 
for the same period of 2017. Similarly, for the year ended December 31, 2018, net finance costs on a per boe basis were higher at 
$2.63 per boe compared to net finance costs of $0.81 per boe for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net finance 
costs, on an absolute and per boe basis, can be largely attributed to fluctuations in the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate, 
impacting foreign exchange gains and losses associated with the revaluation of Bonavista's US denominated senior unsecured notes 
and unrealized gains and losses on Bonavista's financial instrument contracts.

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, net finance costs increased to $23.0 million compared to net finance costs of $16.7
million for the same period of 2017. Similarly, for the three months ended December 31, 2018, net finance costs on a per boe basis 
were higher at $3.67 per boe compared to net finance costs of $2.43 per boe for the three months ended December 31, 2017. The 
increase in net finance costs, on an absolute and per boe basis, can be largely attributed to similar reasons as stated above.

In  contrast  to  the  increase  in  net  finance  costs  (inclusive  of  non-cash  amounts),  Bonavista's  interest  expense  on  long-term  debt 
decreased eight percent to $35.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $38.1 million for the same period of 
2017. Similarly, on a per boe basis, interest expense, decreased to $1.39 per boe for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared 
to $1.45 per boe for the same period of 2017. The decrease in interest expense, on an absolute and per boe basis was a result of 
lower overall debt levels due to the repayment of US denominated senior unsecured notes in June (US$25.0 million) and November 
(US$90.0 million) of 2017, in addition to a $1.8 million realized foreign exchange gain recognized on maturity of financial instrument 
contracts that coincided with interest payments on US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes. The decrease in borrowing costs 
was somewhat offset by an increase in interest expense in conjunction with higher average borrowings on the bank credit facility 
throughout the year. 

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, interest expense decreased four percent to $8.6 million compared to interest expense 
of $9.0 million for the same period of 2017, for similar reasons as noted above. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, on 
a per boe basis interest expense was higher at  $1.37 per boe compared to interest expense of $1.30 per boe for the three months 
ended December 31, 2017. The increase in interest expense, on a per boe basis, was primarily due to the impact of a nine percent
decrease in production volumes.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 35

Decommissioning liability 

Bonavista's decommissioning liability results from net ownership interest in oil and natural gas assets including well sites, gathering 
systems and processing facilities. Bonavista has estimated the net present value of its total decommissioning liability to be $430.7
million at December 31, 2018, compared to an estimated net present value of $409.3 million at December 31, 2017. The estimated 
decommissioning liability includes management's estimates of abandonment and remediation costs and the time-frame in which the 
costs are expected to be incurred. An inflation rate and risk-free rate (based on the Bank of Canada's long-term risk-free bond rate) 
are used to calculate the present value of the decommissioning liability.

During  the  year  ended  2018,  Bonavista  recognized  decommissioning  liabilities  of  $2.2  million  in  connection  with  its  new  well 
development activities and $4.8 million in relation to the acquisition of certain producing properties and a $19.8 million increase due 
to changes of estimated decommissioning liability. The change in estimate largely related to a decrease in the Bank of Canada's long-
term risk-free rate to 2.2% as at December 31, 2018 compared to a rate of 2.3% used at December 31, 2017. Reflecting the increase 
in Bonavista's decommissioning liability with the passage of time, accretion expense of $8.9 million was recorded for the year ended 
December 31, 2018 in net finance costs on the statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss). During the year ended 
2018, Bonavista's decommissioning liability was reduced by $2.0 million as a result of the disposition of non-core properties and an 
additional reduction of $12.3 million as a result of Bonavista's active abandonment and reclamation program.

The  timing  of  when  decommissioning  expenditures  are  incurred  as  part  of  Bonavista  abandonment  and  reclamation  program  is 
predominately at the discretion of Bonavista's management. However, there is a non-discretionary component that relates to compliance 
with regulatory requirements and abandonment and reclamation projects where Bonavista is not the operator. For the year ended 
December 31, 2018 the non-discretionary component of Bonavista's $12.3 million abandonment and reclamation program was $3.6 
million.

Bonavista is committed to operate in a safe, efficient and environmentally responsible manner and is committed to continually improving 
environmental, health and safety performance. As part of this commitment, Bonavista has an active abandonment and reclamation 
program that is regularly reviewed by Bonavista's Board of Directors and funded with adjusted funds flow and the bank credit facility. 
Bonavista's current Liability Management Rating ("LMR") is well within the Alberta Energy Regulator guidelines. 

Deferred income tax expense (recovery)

The deferred income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $15.1 million compared to a deferred income tax 
recovery of $16.3 million recognized in the same period of 2017. The deferred income tax provision for the three months ended 
December 31, 2018 was $35.3 million compared to a deferred income tax recovery of $55.7 million recognized in the same period of 
2017. 

The deferred income tax provision for the three months and year ended December 31, 2018, was higher than the provision calculated 
using  the  statutory  rate  due  to  the  income  tax  treatment  of  net  foreign  currency  translation  gains  and  losses  on  Bonavista's  US 
denominated senior unsecured notes and financial instrument contracts and the income tax treatment of non-deductible share-based 
compensation expense. Bonavista made no cash payments or tax installments during the three months or year ended December 31, 
2018 or for the comparative period of 2017. 

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista's estimated income tax pools were $2.3 billion. It is expected that future taxable income will be 
available to utilize the accumulated tax pools. The following table sets forth Bonavista's estimated income tax pools by component 
for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 36

($ thousands)

Canadian oil and gas property expense

Canadian development expense

Canadian exploration expense

Undepreciated capital cost

Non-capital losses

Other

Total

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017

435,744

447,826

369,612

218,970

818,029

6,954

482,916

544,348

340,252

242,015

748,026

5,523

2,297,135

2,363,080

The following table sets forth Bonavista's capital expenditures by category for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ thousands)

Land acquisitions

Geological and geophysical

Drilling and completion

Production equipment and facilities

Exploration and development expenditures

Property acquisitions

Property dispositions

Office equipment
Net capital expenditures(1)

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017 % Change

2018

2017 % Change

6,053

1,109

30,172

7,838

45,172

29,211

1,059

1,461

45,400

11,802

59,722

2,961

(18,174)

(5,035)

472 %

(24)%

(34)%

(34)%

(24)%

887 %

261 %

8,746

6,899

11,620

7,983

114,515

213,208

34,332

56,218

164,492

289,029

32,654

13,736

(26,616)

(21,577)

221

9

2,356 %

760

557

56,430

57,657

(2)%

171,290

281,745

(25)%

(14)%

(46)%

(39)%

(43)%

138 %

23 %

36 %

(39)%

Note:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Refer to the section entitled 
"Non-GAAP Measures".

Capital expenditures for the three months and year ended December 31, 2018 were predominately focused on the natural gas liquids 
rich development in the West Central and Deep Basin core areas. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Bonavista's investment 
in exploration and development activities was $164.5 million, a 43% decrease compared to $289.0 million for the same period of 2017. 
Similarly, for the three months ended December 31, 2018, Bonavista's investment in exploration and development activities was $45.2 
million,  a  24%  decrease  compared  to  $59.7  million  for  the  same  period  of  2017. The  decrease  in  exploration  and  development 
expenditures, was the result of a reduced capital program driven by continued weakness in natural gas prices at AECO. Bonavista 
remains focused on maintaining a prudent capital spending program that is within adjusted funds flow to support the Corporation's 
objective of strengthening its financial flexibility.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the total consideration received for non-core property dispositions was $26.6 million, 
resulting in a loss on the sale of property, plant and equipment of $6.7 million and a $0.2 million gain on the sale of exploration and 
evaluation assets. During the comparative period of 2017, Bonavista disposed of certain non-core properties for total consideration 
of $21.6 million, resulting in a gain on the sale of property, plant and equipment of $13.6 million and a $1.0 million gain on the sale of 
exploration and evaluation assets. During the year ended December 31, 2018, Bonavista acquired producing properties and petroleum 
and natural gas rights within its core areas for total consideration of $32.7 million compared to $13.7 million invested in the comparative 
period of 2017. Office equipment expenditures remained relatively consistent for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, at 
$0.8 million and $0.6 million respectively. 

During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the total consideration received for non-core property dispositions was $18.2
million, resulting in a loss on the sale of property, plant and equipment of $12.1 million. During the three months ended December 31, 
2018, Bonavista acquired producing properties and petroleum and natural gas rights within its core areas for total consideration of 
$29.2 million compared to $3.0 million invested in the comparative period of 2017. Office equipment expenditures were relatively 
minor during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 at $0.2 million and $9,000 respectively.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 37

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Bonavista has a $500 million, covenant-based bank credit facility provided by a syndicate of eight domestic banks. At December 31, 
2018, Bonavista had $13.0 million drawn on its bank credit facility and outstanding letters of credit of $17.3 million, which reduce the 
available borrowing capacity. At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had $469.7 million of unutilized capacity on its bank credit facility. At 
December 31, 2017, Bonavista had $72.9 million drawn on its bank credit facility and outstanding letters of credit of $18.0 million, 
providing a total unutilized capacity of $409.1 million.

The bank credit facility provides that advances be made by way of Canadian prime rate loans, bankers' acceptances and/or US dollar 
LIBOR advances. These advances bear interest at the banks' prime rate and/or at money market rates plus a stamping fee. The total 
stamping fees range between 50 basis points and 215 basis points on Canadian bank prime and US base rate borrowings and between 
150 basis points and 315 basis points on Canadian dollar bankers' acceptance and US dollar LIBOR borrowings. The undrawn portion 
of the bank credit facility is subject to a standby fee in the range of 30 to 63 basis points. For the year ended December 31, 2018 and 
December 31, 2017, borrowing costs averaged 4.0% and 3.6%, respectively. 

Bonavista's senior unsecured notes totaled $790.7 million at December 31, 2018 consisting of US$565.0 million (CDN$770.7 million) 
and CDN$20.0 million. At December 31, 2017, Bonavista's senior unsecured notes totaled $730.4 million at December 31, 2017
consisting of US$565.0 million (CDN$710.4 million) and CDN$20.0 million. Bonavista's senior unsecured notes bear fixed interest 
rates, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.1% and a three-and-a-half-year weighted average life with maturity dates ranging 
from November 2, 2020 to May 23, 2025. 

Although, the underlying value of Bonavista's senior unsecured notes did not change between December 31, 2018 and December 
31, 2017, its overall indebtedness increased as a result of the revaluation of its US denominated senior unsecured notes at the end 
of the reporting period. This revaluation resulted in an unrealized foreign exchange loss of $60.3 million for the year ended December 31, 
2018. The unrealized loss was due to the weakening of the CDN dollar relative to the US dollar, which at December 31, 2018 was 
$1.3641 CDN$/US$ compared to the December 31, 2017 rate of $1.2573 CDN$/US$. Bonavista has entered into financial instrument 
contracts to reduce its exposure to the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate associated with the future cash repayments of its 
US denominated senior unsecured notes. The underlying notional amount of the financial instrument contracts maturing on the maturity 
dates of Bonavista US denominated senior unsecured notes is US$400 million at an average rate of CDN$/US$ of $1.3015.

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista's net debt was $835.9 million with net debt to fourth quarter of 2018 annualized adjusted funds flow 
ratio of 3.4:1. In comparison to December 31, 2017, Bonavista's net debt was $840.2 million with net debt to fourth quarter of 2017
annualized adjusted funds flow ratio of 2.4:1. This ratio represents the time period it would take to pay off Bonavista's net debt if no 
further capital expenditures were incurred and if adjusted funds flow remained constant. This ratio may increase at certain times as 
a result of acquisitions, low commodity prices and foreign exchange fluctuations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of long-term debt to net debt and the net debt to adjusted funds flow ratio:

($ thousands)
Long-term debt
Working capital(2)
Current assets

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Current liabilities

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Decommissioning liabilities

Net debt(1)
Adjusted funds flow (fourth quarter annualized)(1)
Net debt to adjusted funds flow (fourth quarter annualized) (ratio)
Adjusted funds flow(2)
Net debt to adjusted funds flow (ratio)

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

801,625

(8,545)

800,544

29,425

57,192

64,496

(2,663)

(11,704)

835,905

244,300

3.4:1

259,595

3.2:1

(38,146)

(16,146)

840,173

344,432

2.4:1

301,988

2.8:1

Notes:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".

(2)  Working capital is equal to current assets less current liabilities as presented on the consolidated statement of financial position. Current assets as at December 31, 2018 were $127.1 million 

compared to current liabilities of $118.6 million. Current assets as at December 31, 2017 were $152.6 million compared to current liabilities of $182.1 million. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 38

Bonavista's Board of Directors has approved a net capital expenditure budget of between $130 and $170 million to accommodate the 
drilling of 24 to 32 gross wells generating annual average production from 65,000 to 69,000 boe per day. This program will focus on 
liquids rich opportunities, but also allows for flexibility in capital allocation as supported by changing commodity prices.

Bonavista has budgeted for between $9 and $11 million of decommissioning expenditures for 2019 of which $2.3 million pertains to 
abandonment and reclamation projects where Bonavista is not the operator and $1.2 million for regulatory compliance projects.  In 
addition, Bonavista expects to maintain its quarterly dividend policy of $0.01 per share. Together, this will generate adjusted funds 
flow of between $170 and $200 million and a payout ratio(1) from 85% to 95%. Bonavista expects to fund its capital expenditure 
program, dividend program and abandonment and decommissioning expenditures within adjusted funds flow(1). Bonavista also has 
unused capacity on its bank credit facility that will be utilized if necessary, however it remains Bonavista's objective to fund its current 
abandonment and reclamation program, dividend payments and net capital expenditures(1) necessary for the replacement of production 
declines using only adjusted funds flow(1).
Note:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should be 
made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".

Debt covenants

Under the terms of the bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes, Bonavista has provided the covenants that its: 

• 

• 

• 

consolidated senior debt borrowing will not exceed three and one half times net income before unrealized gains and losses 
on financial instrument contracts and marketable securities, interest, taxes and depreciation, depletion, amortization and 
impairment; 

consolidated total debt will not exceed three and one half times net income before unrealized gains and losses on financial 
instrument contracts and marketable securities, interest, taxes and depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment; 
and 

consolidated senior debt borrowing will not exceed one-half of consolidated total debt plus consolidated shareholders' equity 
of the Corporation, in all cases calculated based on a rolling prior four quarters. 

Bonavista’s consolidated senior debt and consolidated total debt were the same at December 31, 2018 and include Bonavista's senior 
unsecured notes issued under the master shelf agreement, senior unsecured notes not subject to the master shelf agreement and 
the bank credit facility. Bonavista's consolidated senior debt may differ from total debt in instances when the Corporation issues senior 
subordinated debt or enters into a significant capital lease obligation or guarantee.

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista was in compliance with all covenants under its credit facilities and senior unsecured notes. Total 
long-term debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment ("EBITDA") and total senior 
debt to EBITDA was 2.8 times compared to the covenant of less than 3.5 times and total long-term debt to capitalization was 0.35 
times compared to the covenant of less than 0.5 times. The ratio of total senior debt to EBITDA, total debt to EBITDA and total long-
term debt to capitalization are susceptible to factors that impact earnings, the most significant of which are changes in commodity 
prices.

OUTSTANDING SHARE INFORMATION

Shareholders’ equity

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had 260.1 million equivalent common shares outstanding. This includes 3.1 million exchangeable 
shares, which are exchangeable into 4.6 million common shares. The exchange ratio in effect at December 31, 2018 for exchangeable 
shares was 1.48526:1. 

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had 3.0 million restricted incentive awards and 4.1 million performance incentive awards outstanding 
under Bonavista's long-term incentive plans.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 39

The following provides a reconciliation of Bonavista's common share and exchangeable share balance for the year ended December 
31, 2018:

Balance as at December 31, 2016

Issued on conversion of exchangeable shares

Exchanged for common shares

Conversion of restricted incentive and performance incentive awards

Balance as at December 31, 2017

Issued on conversion of exchangeable shares

Exchanged for common shares

Conversion of restricted incentive and performance incentive awards

Balance as at December 31, 2018

Common Shares

Exchangeable Shares

(thousands)

249,277

30

—

2,440

251,747

196

—

3,510

255,453

(thousands)

3,259

—

(21)

—

3,238

—

(133)

—

3,105

At February 14, 2019, Bonavista had 260.3 million equivalent common shares outstanding. This includes 3.1 million exchangeable 
shares, which are exchangeable into 4.7 million common shares. The exchange ratio in effect on February 14, 2019 for exchangeable 
shares was 1.49889:1. In addition as of February 14, 2019, Bonavista had 5.8 million restricted incentive awards and 5.1 million 
performance incentive awards outstanding under its long-term incentive plans.

Dividends

For the three months ended December 31, 2018, Bonavista paid cash dividends of $2.6 million ($0.01 per share) compared to $2.5
million ($0.01 per share) for the same period of 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Bonavista paid cash dividends of $10.1
million ($0.04 per share) compared to $10.0 million ($0.04 per share) for the same period of 2017. 

Bonavista announces its dividend policy on a quarterly basis and confirms its dividend payment on a quarterly basis. Dividends are 
approved by the Board of Directors and are dependent upon the commodity price environment, production levels and the amount of 
capital expenditures to be financed from adjusted funds flow.

On December 14, 2018, Bonavista's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.01 per share, payable in cash to shareholders 
of record on December 31, 2018. The dividend payment date was January 16, 2019.

Contractual obligations and commitments

Bonavista enters into various contractual obligations and commitments in the normal course of operations. The following table provides 
a summary of Bonavista's contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2018:

Total

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023 and
thereafter

($ thousands)
Long-term debt repayments(1)(3)(4)
Interest payments(2)(3)
Office lease(5)
Transportation expenses(6)
Total contractual obligations

801,625

115,159

10,703

147,106

1,074,593

—

218,033

216,268

21,475

—

68,084

13,683

—

299,240

16,400

—

27,651

25,830

32,211

32,582

6,760

31,682

71,024

31,019

3,943

29,732

282,727

265,394

107,597

347,851

Notes:

(1) 

Long-term debt repayments include the principal payments due on senior unsecured notes. Based on the existing terms of the revolving bank credit facility, the amounts owing under this 
facility are required to be paid on September 10, 2021.
Fixed interest payments on senior unsecured notes.
US dollar payments are converted using the exchange rate at December 31, 2018 of $1.3641 CDN to $1.0000 US dollar.

(2) 
(3) 
(4)  With respect to the long-term debt repayment obligations Bonavista has entered into financial instrument contracts to reduce its exposure to the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate 

associated with the future cash repayments of its US denominated senior unsecured notes. The underlying notional amount of the financial instrument contracts maturing on the maturity 
dates of Bonavista US denominated senior unsecured notes is US$400 million at an average CDN$/US$ rate of $1.3015.

(5)  Office lease expires July 31, 2020.
(6) 

Includes a Long Term Fixed Price (LTFP) contract with TransCanada that commenced November 1, 2017. This 10-year contract contains an early termination policy after 5 years which has 
been assumed to be exercised in the contractual obligation above.

Contractual obligations and commitments that are not material have been excluded from the above table. 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS

Bonavista has certain lease arrangements, which are reflected in the contractual obligations and commitments table above, which 
are entered into in the normal course of operations. All leases have been treated as operating leases whereby the lease payments 
are included in operating expenses or general and administrative expenses depending on the nature of the lease. No asset or liability 
value has been assigned to these leases on Bonavista's consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2018.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 40

SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following table provides a summary of Bonavista’s quarterly results for the eight most recently completed quarters:

Quarter ending

Financial

2018

2017

Dec 31,
2018

Sep 30,
2018

Jun 30,
2018

Mar 31,
2018

Dec 31,
2017

Sep 30,
2017

Jun 30,
2017

Mar 31,
2017

($ thousands, except per boe and per share amounts)
Production revenues

124,302

131,175

121,102

138,388

147,188

121,901

140,731

143,182

Net income (loss)
   Per share(1)
Cash flow from operating activities
   Per share(1)
Adjusted funds flow(2) 
   Per share(1)

Dividends declared
   Per share(1)

Total assets

Shareholders’ equity
Long-term debt(3)
Net debt(2)

Capital expenditures:

81,227

(17,811)

(49,564)

0.31

77,581

0.30

61,075

0.23

2,555

0.01

(0.07)

(0.19)

73,720

63,842

0.28

0.25

63,688

65,704

0.25

2,554

0.01

0.25

2,536

0.01

(2,037)

(0.01)

76,048

0.30

69,128

0.27

2,523

0.01

(159,149)

(1,699)

44,490

88,428

(0.62)

(0.01)

0.17

94,515

75,268

79,143

0.37

0.29

0.31

86,108

68,459

76,570

0.33

2,518

0.01

0.27

2,516

0.01

0.30

2,503

0.01

0.35

76,693

0.30

70,851

0.28

2,503

0.01

2,923,709

2,845,288 2,889,457

2,933,854

2,959,470

3,194,720 3,210,082

3,242,319

1,552,184

1,471,682 1,490,460

1,539,073

1,539,461

1,698,486 1,699,898

1,652,722

801,625

835,905

760,231

809,099

795,023

826,552

802,394

839,619

800,544

840,173

833,909

866,888

853,616

861,784

921,731

891,737

   Exploration and development
   Acquisitions, net of dispositions(4)

45,172

11,037

(5,821)

42,317

33,148

43,855

725

337

97

145

59,722

(2,074)

9

77,213

59,820

2,063

98

(290)

314

92,274

(7,540)

136

   Corporate
Weighted average outstanding equivalent shares: (thousands)(1)

221

57

260,047

267,135

259,897

266,913

258,002

266,999

257,030

267,120

256,386

262,980

256,177

254,965

262,805

262,958

254,586

262,519

   Basic

   Diluted

Operating

(boe conversion – 6:1 basis)
Production: 

   Natural gas (mmcf/day)

   Natural gas liquids (bbls/day)
   Oil (bbls/day)(5)

      Total oil equivalent (boe/day)
Product prices:(6)

   Natural gas ($/mcf)

   Natural gas liquids ($/bbl)
   Oil ($/bbl)(5)

      Total oil equivalent ($/boe)

Operating expenses ($/boe)

Transportation expense ($/boe)

General and administrative

expenses ($/boe)
Cash costs ($/boe)(2)
Operating netback ($/boe)(2)

Trading Statistics

($ per share, except volume)
High

Low

Close

281

19,131

2,108

68,011

287

301

17,868

15,950

2,358

2,091

68,036

68,214

2.91

24.99

28.47

19.91

5.66

1.37

0.87

9.27

11.99

1.60

1.01

1.20

2.76

28.90

58.84

21.27

5.74

1.42

0.92

9.46

2.62

32.56

64.15

21.16

5.78

1.32

0.96

9.47

12.48

12.95

1.63

1.25

1.49

1.75

1.13

1.49

322

16,480

2,327

72,417

2.85

31.68

59.81

21.79

5.64

1.23

1.09

9.38

13.11

2.32

1.11

1.18

293

18,888

2,560

70,281

3.12

26.52

58.50

22.27

5.47

0.96

0.99

8.98

13.75

318

19,284

2,463

74,799

301

310

18,639

18,364

2,350

2,288

71,191

72,313

2.84

26.22

54.20

20.68

5.69

0.84

0.87

8.75

3.10

27.91

58.91

22.24

5.61

0.86

0.91

8.96

12.68

14.14

3.14

28.47

59.49

22.65

5.57

1.10

0.99

8.96

14.81

3.01

1.77

2.25

3.37

2.55

2.98

3.56

2.22

2.71

5.22

3.05

3.46

Average Daily Volume - Shares

817,647

527,770

1,086,460

1,070,659

860,422

617,169

822,516

819,104

Notes:

Basic per share calculations include exchangeable shares which are convertible into common shares on certain terms and conditions.  
Reference should be made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".
Includes the current portion of long-term debt.
Expenditures on property acquisitions, net of property dispositions.

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5)  Oil includes light, medium and heavy oil.
(6) 

Product prices include realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 41

Production revenues over the past eight quarters have fluctuated largely due to the volatility of commodity prices and changes in 
production volumes. Net income (loss) in the past eight quarters has fluctuated from a net loss of $159.1 million in the fourth quarter 
of 2017 to net income of $88.4 million in the first quarter of 2017. These fluctuations are primarily influenced by commodity prices, 
realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instrument contracts, unrealized gains and losses on the revaluation of Bonavista's 
US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes, gains and losses on the acquisition and disposition of property, plant and equipment, 
gains and losses on the disposition of exploration and evaluation assets and impairment charges.  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure controls and procedures

The Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (the "Certifying Officers") have designed, or caused to be designed 
under their supervision, disclosure controls and procedures ("DC&P"), as defined in National Instrument 52-109 - Certification of 
Disclosure in Issuer's Annual and Interim Filings ("NI 52-109"), to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) material information relating 
to the Corporation is made known to the Certifying Officers by others, particularly during the period in which the annual and interim 
filings or other reports filed or submitted by the Corporation under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation. The Certifying Officers have evaluated, or caused to be evaluated 
under their supervision, the effectiveness of the Corporation's DC&P at December 31, 2018 and have concluded that the Corporation's 
DC&P were effective at December 31, 2018.

Internal control over financial reporting 

The Corporation’s Certifying Officers have designed, or caused to be designed under their supervision, internal controls over financial 
reporting ("ICFR"), as defined by National Instrument 52-109, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the generally accepted accounting 
principles applicable to the Corporation. The control framework the Certifying Officer used to design the Corporation's ICFR is "Internal 
Control  -  Integrated  Framework  (2013)"  published  by The  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the Treadway  Commission 
(COSO).  The  Certifying  Officers  have  evaluated,  or  caused  to  be  evaluated  under  their  supervision,  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Corporation's ICFR at December 31, 2018 and have concluded that the Corporation's ICFR was effective at December 31, 2018. 
There  were  no  changes  in  the  Corporation's  ICFR  that  occurred  during  the  period  beginning  on  October  1,  2018  and  ended  on 
December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation's ICFR.

While the Certifying Officers believe that the Corporation's ICFR provides a reasonable level of assurance and is effective, they do 
not expect that the ICFR will prevent all errors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide 
only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objective of the control system is met. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS").   
A summary of the significant accounting policies are presented in note 4, "Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to the Financial 
Statements. The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingencies, if any, as at the date of the financial statements and the 
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and changes in 
such estimates in future years could require a material change in the financial statements. These underlying assumptions are based 
on historical experience and other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, and are subject to 
change  as  new  events  occur,  as  more  industry  experience  is  acquired,  as  additional  information  is  obtained  and  as  Bonavista's 
operating environment changes. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis by management. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. The key sources of estimation uncertainty 
to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are discussed below:

i.  Determination of a Cash-Generating Unit (“CGU”)

The determination of Bonavista’s CGUs is subject to management’s judgment. In determining Bonavista’s CGUs, management 
assessed what constituted independent cash flows and how to aggregate the respective assets. The asset composition of each 
CGU can directly impact the assessment of the recoverability of those assets included within each CGU. On December 31, 2018, 
the Corporation re-aligned certain cash-generating units to be consistent with the operations of Bonavista's current asset base 
by combining the Central Alberta CGU and South Central Alberta CGU to form the West Central CGU. Bonavista's current CGU 
composition includes its British Columbia CGU, Deep Basin CGU and West Central CGU.

ii. 

Impairment testing

Bonavista assesses its property, plant and equipment for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount of its assets may not be recoverable. If any indication of impairment exists, Bonavista performs an impairment test on 
the CGU, which is the lowest level at which there are identifiable cash flows. The carrying amount of each CGU is compared to 
its recoverable amount which is defined as the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use and is subject to 
management estimates. Bonavista also assesses its property, plant and equipment to determine if events or circumstances would 
support  the  reversal  of  any  previously  recorded  impairment  charges.  In  this  assessment  Bonavista  considers  the  facts  and 
circumstances that caused the original impairment charge to be recognized and whether there is a sustained period in which 
those facts and circumstances changed.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 42

 
 
At December 31, 2018, Bonavista evaluated each of its CGUs for indicators of potential impairment or a reversal of previously 
recorded impairment charges. Key estimates used in the determination of cash flows used to calculate the recoverable amount 
of a CGU include: quantities of reserves and future production; future commodity pricing; development costs; operating costs; 
royalty obligations; and discount rates. Any changes in these estimates may have an impact on the recoverable amount of the 
CGU. Bonavista identified indicators of impairment at December 31, 2018 as a result of a sustained decline in forward commodity 
benchmark prices for natural gas. As such impairment tests were conducted on each of Bonavista's CGUs at December 31, 2018, 
refer to note 11, "Property, Plant and Equipment". Bonavista further determined that there were no sustained changes to factors 
that led to previously recognized impairment to support a reversal. 

iii.  Proved plus probable oil and natural gas reserves

Reserve estimates are based on engineering data, estimated future prices, expected future rates of production and the timing of 
future capital expenditures, all of which are subject to interpretation and uncertainty. Bonavista expects that over time its reserve 
estimates will be revised either upward or downward depending upon the factors as stated above. These reserve estimates can 
have a significant impact on net income, as it is a key component in the calculation of depletion, depreciation and amortization, 
and also for the determination of potential asset impairments or reversals.

iv.  Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation,  depletion,  amortization  and  impairment. 
Bonavista’s oil and natural gas properties are depleted using the unit-of-production method over proved plus probable reserves 
for each CGU. The unit-of-production method takes into account estimates of capital expenditures incurred to date along with 
future development capital required to develop both proved and probable reserves.  

v.  Decommissioning liability

The provision for decommissioning liabilities is based on management's estimates of costs and planned remediation projects. 
Actual  costs  may  differ  from  those  estimated  due  to  changes  in  governing  environment  laws  and  regulations,  technological 
changes, and market conditions. 

vi.  Financial instrument contracts

The estimated fair value of financial instrument commodity contracts are subject to changes in forward looking commodity prices, 
interest rate curves, volatility curves and counterparty non-performance risk. The estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial 
instrument contracts are subject to changes in foreign exchange rates.

FUTURE ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Below is a description of a new IFRS standard that is not yet effective and has not been applied in the preparation of the financial 
statements. There are no other standards or interpretations issued, but not yet adopted, that are anticipated to have a material impact 
on Bonavista's financial statements.

In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases, which replaces IAS 17 Leases. The new standard introduces a single recognition 
and measurement model for leases, which requires the recognition of assets and liabilities for most leases with a term of more than 
twelve months. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The new standard is to be 
adopted either retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach. Bonavista intends to adopt IFRS 16 in its financial statements 
for the period beginning on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition approach. The Corporation is currently in the 
process of quantifying the impact of the contracts that fall within the scope of the new standard. The Corporation expects adjustments 
for its office lease, certain vehicles and certain field equipment, however, the full extent of the impact has not yet been finalized.

RISK FACTORS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

The following are the primary risks associated with the business of Bonavista. Most of these risks are similar to those affecting others 
in the conventional oil and natural gas sector. Bonavista's financial position and results of operations are directly impacted by these 
factors: 

•  Operational risks associated with the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas;

•  Commodity risk as crude oil, condensate and natural gas prices and differentials fluctuate due to market forces; 

•  Market risk relating to global supply and demand for oil and natural gas and market prices for oil and natural gas;

•  Market risk relating to Bonavista's ability to acquire capacity on pipelines to deliver natural gas to commercial markets;

• 

Political uncertainty in Canada and the impact on liquefied natural gas and other infrastructure projects;

•  Operational risk associated with third party facility outages and downtime;

•  Reserves risk with respect to the quantity and quality of recoverable reserves;

• 

• 

Financial risk such as volatility of the CDN$/US$ dollar exchange rate, interest rates and debt service obligations;

Financial risk relating to change in investor sentiment towards oil and natural gas operations;

•  Risk associated with the re-negotiation of Bonavista's credit facility and the continued participation of Bonavista's lenders; 

• 

Environmental and safety risk associated with well operations and production facilities;

•  Changing government regulations relating to royalty legislation, income tax laws, incentive programs, operating practices, 

fracturing regulations and environmental protection relating to the oil and natural gas industry; and

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 43

 
 
 
 
 
• 

Labour risk related to availability, productivity and retention of qualified personnel. 

Bonavista seeks to mitigate these risks by: 

• 

Acquiring properties with established production trends to reduce technical uncertainty as well as undeveloped land with 
development potential;

•  Maintaining a low cost structure to maximize product netbacks and reduce impact of commodity price volatility;

•  Diversifying properties to mitigate individual property and well risk; 

•  Maintaining a risk management program that allows for Bonavista to enter into a financial instrument commodity contract to 

• 

• 

• 

• 

reduce Bonavista's exposure of commodity price volatility;

Adhering to Bonavista’s safety program and keeping abreast of current operating best practices;

Keeping informed of proposed changes in regulations and laws to properly respond to and plan for the effects that these 
changes may have on our operations; 

Establishing and maintaining adequate cash resources to fund future abandonment and site restoration costs;

Increasing transparency over social, environment and governance policies and practices through corporate responsibility 
reporting;

•  Closely monitoring performance against financial covenants and preparing forecasts;

•  Closely monitoring commodity prices and capital programs to manage financial leverage; and

•  Monitoring the debt and equity markets to understand how changes in the capital markets may impact Bonavista's business 

plan. 

While the foregoing list notes the primary business risks to Bonavista, it is not exhaustive. For additional information on Bonavista's 
business risks and how Bonavista seeks to mitigate them reference should be made to the "Risk Factors" section in Bonavista's 
Annual  Information  Form  which  is  available  through  SEDAR  at  www.sedar.com  or  can  be  obtained  from  Bonavista’s  website  at 
www.bonavistaenergy.com. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 44

ABBREVIATIONS

AECO

benchmark price for natural gas determined at the AECO 'C' hub in southeast Alberta

AER

bbl

bbls

Alberta Energy Regulator

barrel

barrels

bbls per day

barrels per day

boe

barrel(s) of oil equivalent

boe per day

barrels of oil equivalent per day

Chicago

Chicago city-gate benchmark price for natural gas

CNWY PN

Conway propane benchmark price

DAWN

GAAP

GJ

GLJ

IFRS

LNG

LTFP

NGLs

NGTL

natural gas traded at Union Gas Dawn hub in Dawn Township, Ontario

generally accepted accounting principles

gigajoule

GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., independent petroleum consultants of Calgary, Alberta

International Financial Reporting Standards

Liquefied natural gas

Long term fixed price contract

natural gas liquids

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd.

NYMEX

New York Mercantile Exchange natural gas futures benchmark price

mcf

thousand cubic feet

mcf per day

thousand cubic feet per day

Mcfe

mmcf

Mcf of natural gas equivalent

million cubic feet

mmcf per day million cubic feet per day

MMbtu

MSW

million British Thermal Units

benchmark price for mixed sweet crude determined at Edmonton, Alberta

MTB BT

Mont Belvieu 65 nC4/35 iC4 benchmark price

tcf

Ventura

WCSB

WTI

TCPL

trillion cubic feet

natural gas traded at Ventura in Hancock County, Iowa

Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

West Texas Intermediate

TransCanada Pipelines

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 45

NON-GAAP MEASURES

The Corporation uses terms that are commonly used in the oil and natural gas industry, but do not have any standardized meaning 
as prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable with the calculations of similar measures for other entities. Management 
believes that the presentation of these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors and shareholders as the measures 
provide increased transparency and the ability to better analyze performance against prior periods on a comparable basis. 

The following list identifies the non-GAAP measures included in Bonavista's MD&A, a description of how the measure has been 
calculated by Bonavista, a discussion of why Bonavista's management has deemed the measure to be useful and a reconciliation to 
the most comparable GAAP measure.

•  Adjusted funds flow

Adjusted  funds  flow  is  based  on  cash  flow  from  operating  activities,  excluding  changes  in  non-cash  working  capital, 
decommissioning expenditures and including interest expense. Where working capital is equal to current assets less current 
liabilities.

Bonavista considers adjusted funds flow to be a key measure that provides a more complete understanding of Bonavista's ability 
to generate cash flow necessary to finance capital expenditures, expenditures on decommissioning obligations, fund its dividend 
program and meet its financial obligations. Bonavista considers its capital structure to include working capital (excluding associated 
assets and liabilities from financial instrument commodity contracts and decommissioning liabilities), bank credit facility, senior 
unsecured  notes  and  shareholders'  equity.  Bonavista  monitors  capital  based  on  the  ratio  of  net  debt  to  adjusted  funds  flow 
(annualized current quarter). 

Certain non-cash charges and decommissioning expenditures have been excluded from the calculation of adjusted funds flow, 
as management believes the timing of collection, payment and incurrence is variable and by excluding them from the calculation 
management is able to provide a more meaningful measure of Bonavista's cash flow on a continuing basis. More specifically, 
expenditures on decommissioning liabilities may vary from period to period depending on Bonavista's capital programs and the 
maturity of its operating areas. The settlement of decommissioning obligations is managed through Bonavista's capital budgeting 
process which considers its available adjusted funds flow. Reference should be made to note 8, "Capital Management" of the 
financial statements.

The following table provides a reconciliation between the non-GAAP measure of adjusted funds flow to the most directly comparable 
GAAP measure of cash flow from operating activities:

($ thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities
Interest expense(1)
Decommissioning expenditures(3)
Changes in non-cash working capital(2)
Adjusted funds flow

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

77,581

(8,553)

2,198

(10,151)

61,075

94,515

(8,953)

5,746

(5,200)

86,108

291,191

(35,141)

12,318

(8,773)

325,619

(38,118)

17,318

(2,831)

259,595

301,988

Notes:

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Interest expense on Bonavista's long-term debt excluding the amortization of debt issuance costs. 
Refer to note 10, "Supplemental cash flow information" in the financial statements.
The timing of when decommissioning expenditures are incurred is predominately at the discretion of Bonavista's management. However, there is a non-discretionary component that 
relates to compliance with regulatory requirements and abandonment and reclamation projects where Bonavista is not the operator. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 the 
non-discretionary component of Bonavista's decommissioning expenditures was $0.6 million (December 31, 2017 - $1.3 million). Similarly, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the 
non-discretionary component of Bonavista's decommissioning expenditures was $3.6 million (December 31, 2017 -  $3.1 million).

•  Operating netback

Operating netback is equal to production revenues and realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts, 
less royalties, operating and transportation expenses. Operating netback per boe is calculated by dividing operating netback by 
total production volumes sold in the period. 

Bonavista's management believes that operating netback is a key industry benchmark and a measure of operating performance 
that  assists  management  and  investors  in  assessing  Bonavista's  profitability.  Operating  netback  on  a  per  boe  basis  assists 
Bonavista's management and investors in evaluating operating performance on a comparable basis.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  The following table provides a reconciliation between the non-GAAP measure of operating netback to the most directly comparable 

GAAP measure of net income (loss) for the three months and year ended December 31:

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)

Net income (loss)

Adjustments for:

Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

81,227

(159,149)

11,815

(27,930)

Unrealized losses (gains) on financial instrument

commodity contracts

(139,841)

General and administrative expenses

Share-based compensation expense

Loss (gain) on disposition of property, plant and

equipment

Loss (gain) on disposition of exploration and evaluation

assets

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

Net finance costs

Deferred income expense (recovery)

Operating netback

Operating netback per boe

5,413

1,732

12,057

9

56,177

22,958

35,309

75,041

11.99

9,187

6,819

2,614

(43,014)

(107,614)

24,291

10,381

24,749

15,702

(135)

6,725

(13,589)

963

(167)

280,514

16,727

(55,660)

101,880

14.81

227,447

66,450

15,099

319,027

12.63

(976)

469,555

21,209

(16,251)

364,855

13.85

For additional reference the following table provides a compilation of the line items from Bonavista's consolidated statement of 
income (loss) that comprise operating netback on a per boe basis for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ per boe)

Production revenues

Realized gains on financial instrument commodity 

contracts

Production revenues and realized gains on financial 

instrument commodity contracts

Royalties

Operating expense

Transportation expense

Operating netback

•  Operating margin

Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

19.87

0.04

19.91

0.89

5.66

1.37

11.99

21.39

20.40

21.00

1.26

0.64

0.97

22.65

1.17

5.57

1.10

14.81

21.04

1.36

5.70

1.34

12.64

21.97

1.58

5.59

0.94

13.85

Operating margin is equal to production revenues and realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts 
less royalties, operating expenses and transportation expenses; divided by production revenues and realized gains and losses 
on financial instrument commodity contracts. Realized gains and losses on financial instrument commodity contracts represent 
the portion of Bonavista's financial instrument commodity contracts that have settled in cash during the period and disclosing this 
impact provides transparency on how Bonavista's risk management program impacts the operating netback and operating margin 
metrics. Operating margin is calculated using per boe amounts.

Operating margin is used by management to show operating performance at both a disaggregated (core area) and aggregated 
level (corporate). This metric is used by management to illustrate the proportion of Bonavista's revenue available for expenditures 
after operating expenditures are considered. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 47

 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the details of the calculation of the operating margin ratio for the three months and year ending 
December 31:

($ per boe)

Production revenues

Realized gains on financial instrument commodity

contracts

Production revenues and realized gains on financial

instrument commodity contracts

Royalties

Operating expense

Transportation expense

Operating netback
Operating margin(1)

Note:

Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

19.87

0.04

19.91

0.89

5.66

1.37

11.99

21.39

20.40

21.00

1.26

0.64

0.97

22.65

1.17

5.57

1.10

14.81

21.04

1.36

5.70

1.34

12.64

21.97

1.58

5.59

0.94

13.85

60%

65%

60%

63%

(1) 

Ratio of operating netback to production revenues and realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts.

•  Cash costs 

Cash costs are equal to the total of operating, transportation, general and administrative, and interest expenses. Cash costs per 
boe are calculated by dividing cash costs by total production volumes sold in the period.

Bonavista's management uses cash costs in assessing the Corporation's operating efficiency and controllable cost structure. 
Bonavista’s management believes that cash costs is a useful measure used by investors when evaluating Bonavista’s operating 
performance. Cash costs on a per boe basis also assists Bonavista’s management and investors in evaluating Bonavista's cash 
costs on a comparable basis with prior periods.

The following table provides a reconciliation between the non-GAAP measure of cash costs to the most directly comparable 
GAAP measure of net income (loss) for the three months and year ended December 31:

($ thousands, except for per boe amounts)

Net income (loss)

Adjustments for:

Production revenues, net of royalties and financial

instrument contracts

Share-based compensation expense

Loss (gain) on disposition of property, plant and

equipment

Loss (gain) on disposition of exploration and evaluation

assets

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

Net finance costs (income) excluding interest expense

Deferred income expense (recovery)

Cash costs

Cash costs per boe

Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

81,227

(159,149)

11,815

(27,930)

(258,867)

1,732

(138,620)

(539,704)

(644,505)

2,614

10,381

15,702

12,057

9

56,177

14,405

35,309

(57,951)

(9.27)

(135)

6,725

(13,589)

963

(167)

(976)

280,514

227,447

469,555

7,774

(55,660)

(61,699)

(8.96)

31,309

15,099

(16,909)

(16,251)

(237,095)

(234,903)

(9.39)

(8.92)

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 48

 
 
For additional reference the following table provides a compilation of the line items from Bonavista's consolidated statement of 
income (loss) that comprise cash costs on a per boe basis for the three months and year ended December 31: 

($ per boe)

Operating expenses

Transportation expenses

General and administrative expenses

Interest expense

Cash costs

•  Net capital expenditures

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

5.66

1.37

0.87

1.37

9.27

2017

5.57

1.10

0.99

1.30

8.96

2018

5.70

1.34

0.96

1.39

9.39

2017

5.59

0.94

0.94

1.45

8.92

Net capital expenditures is equal to cash flow used in investing activities, excluding changes in non-cash working capital. 

Bonavista considers net capital expenditures to be a useful measure of cash flow used for capital reinvestment.

The following table provides a reconciliation between the non-GAAP measure of net capital expenditures to the most directly 
comparable GAAP measure of cash flow used in investing activities for the three months and year ended December 31:

($ thousands)

Cash flow used in investing activities

Changes in non-cash working capital

Net capital expenditures

•  Net debt

Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

(59,972)

3,542

(56,430)

(68,274)

(188,094)

(282,773)

10,617

16,804

1,028

(57,657)

(171,290)

(281,745)

Bonavista has calculated net debt based on the bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes, net of working capital (excluding 
associated assets and liabilities from financial instrument commodity contracts and decommissioning liabilities).

Bonavista considers net debt to be a key measure in assessing the liquidity of the Corporation on a comparable basis with prior 
periods. Bonavista has calculated net debt based on the bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes, net of working capital. 
Working capital has been adjusted to exclude the current portion of financial instrument commodity contracts and the current 
portion of decommissioning liabilities. Management has excluded the current portion of financial instrument commodity contracts 
as they are subject to a high degree of volatility prior to ultimate settlement. Similarly, management has excluded the current 
portion of the decommissioning liability as this is an estimate based on management's assumptions and subject to volatility based 
on changes in cost and timing estimates, the risk-free discount rate and inflation rate. 

The following table provides a reconciliation between the non-GAAP measure of net debt to the most directly comparable GAAP 
measure of long-term debt:

($ thousands)
Long-term debt
Working capital(1)
Current assets

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Current liabilities

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Decommissioning liabilities

Net debt

Note:

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

801,625

(8,545)

800,544

29,425

57,192

64,496

(2,663)

(11,704)

835,905

(38,146)

(16,146)

840,173

(1) 

  Working capital is equal to current assets less current liabilities as presented on the consolidated statement of financial position. Current assets as at December 31, 2018 were $127.1 

million compared to current liabilities of $118.6 million. Current assets as at December 31, 2017 were $152.6 million compared to current liabilities of $182.1 million. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

Payout ratio

Payout ratio is equal to net capital expenditures, decommissioning expenditures and dividends declared, divided by adjusted 
funds flow. 

The payout ratio is a key cash flow measure that is used by management to determine the sustainability of Bonavista's dividend 
and capital expenditure program. 

  The below table provides a reconciliation between cash flow from operating activities, the most comparable GAAP measure, to 
the measure of adjusted funds flow. Adjusted funds flow is the denominator in the calculation of the payout ratio which is then 
calculated below.

($ thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities
Interest expense(1)
Decommissioning expenditures
Changes in non-cash working capital(2)
Adjusted funds flow

Dividends declared

Net capital expenditures

Decommissioning expenditures

Total

Divided by Adjusted funds flow
Payout ratio(3)

Notes:

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

77,581

(8,553)

2,198

(10,151)

61,075

2,555

56,430

2,198

61,183

61,075

94,515

(8,953)

5,746

(5,200)

86,108

2,518

57,657

5,746

65,921

86,108

291,191

(35,141)

12,318

(8,773)

259,595

10,168

171,290

12,318

193,776

259,595

325,619

(38,118)

17,318

(2,831)

301,988

10,040

281,745

17,318

309,103

301,988

100%

77%

75%

102%

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Accrued interest expense on Bonavista's long-term debt excluding the amortization of debt issuance costs. 
Refer to note 10, "Supplemental Cash Flow Information", of the financial statements. 
Bonavista's payout ratio in prior disclosure documents excluded decommissioning expenditures from the numerator, this has been amended to better reflect a measure of sustainability.

OIL AND GAS ADVISORIES

Reference has been made to the following oil and gas terms "finding and development costs" ("F&D costs") and "finding, development 
and acquisition costs" ("FD&A costs"), "F&D recycle ratio", "FD&A recycle ratio" and "reserve life index" ("RLI") which have been 
prepared by management and do not have standardized meanings or standard calculations and therefore such measures may not 
be comparable to similar measures used by other entities. These terms are used by Bonavista's management to measure the success 
of replacing reserves and to compare operating performance to previous periods on a comparable basis. For additional information 
on  these  measures  reference  should  be  made  to  Bonavista's  Annual  Information  Form  which  is  available  through  SEDAR  at 
www.sedar.com or can be obtained from Bonavista’s website at www.bonavistaenergy.com. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Finding and development costs ("F&D costs") are calculated on a per boe basis by dividing the aggregate of the change in future 
development costs from the prior year for the particular reserve category and the costs incurred on exploration and development 
activities in the year by the change in reserves from the prior year for the reserve category.

Finding, development and acquisition costs ("FD&A costs") are calculated on a per boe basis by dividing the aggregate of the 
change in future development costs from the prior year for the particular reserve category and the costs incurred on exploration 
and development activities and property acquisitions (net of dispositions) in the year by the change in reserves from the year for 
the  reserve  category.  Both  finding  and  development  costs  and  finding,  development  and  acquisition  costs  take  into  account 
reserve revisions during the year on a per boe basis. 

The F&D recycle ratio is calculated by dividing the operating netback(1) per boe for the period by the F&D costs per boe for the 
particular reserve category. 

The FD&A recycle ratio is calculated by dividing the operating netback(1) per boe for the period by the FD&A costs per boe for 
the particular reserve category. 

The reserve life index is calculated based on the amount for the relevant reserve category divided by the production forecast as 
prepared by Bonavista's reserve engineers GLJ.

Note:

(1) 

Non-GAAP measure that does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other entities. Reference should 
be made to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Measures".

Cost to add production is determined by dividing the yearly capital exploration and development expenditures by the year-end production 
adds. The year-end production adds are determined by subtracting the current year exit production from the prior year exit production, 
adjusted for any acquisition or disposition volumes, added to the base yearly decline volumes.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 50

 
 
 
The estimated net asset value is based on the estimated net present value of all future net revenue from Bonavista's proved plus 
probable reserves, discounted at 10%, before tax, as estimated by GLJ, at year-end, with and without the estimated value of Bonavista's 
undeveloped acreage and net debt. Common share values in Bonavista's net asset value per share metric are calculated by including 
outstanding common shares and exchangeable shares which are converted into common shares on certain terms and conditions.

Any reference to value capital, support capital and production efficiency have been prepared by management and are used to measure 
performance. These terms do not have standardized meanings or standard calculations and are not comparable to similar measures 
used by other entities. 

• 

• 

• 

Value capital includes expenditures on drilling, completion, equipping and tie-in projects and recompletions. Value capital has 
been used to define capital expenditures, included in exploration and development expenditures, that are directly associated 
with generating incremental reserves and cash flow from operating activities. 

Support capital includes expenditures on land, facilities and infrastructure and workovers  and facilities. Support capital has 
been used to define capital expenditures, included in exploration and development expenditures, that are associated with 
maintenance existing operations and to support future development.

Production efficiency which is defined as a type of capital efficiency that measures the cost to add an incremental barrel of 
flowing production. Specifically, for the average production efficiencies of our plays, Bonavista uses the total actual/projected 
drill, complete and tie-in capital divided by the total of the wells' initial production rate.

Any reference made in this document to initial production rates are useful in confirming the presence  of hydrocarbons, however, such 
rates are not determinative of the rates at which such wells will continue  production and decline thereafter. While encouraging, readers 
are caution not to place reliance on such rates in calculating the aggregate production for Bonavista.  

Certain  information  in  this  document  may  constitute  "analogous  information"  as  defined  in  NI  51-101  with  respect  to  offset  well 
production and drilling results from other producers with operations that are in geographical proximity to or believed to be on-trend 
with Bonavista's assets. Management of Bonavista believes the information may be relevant to help determine the expected results 
that Bonavista may achieve within Bonavista's lands and such information has been presented to help demonstrate the basis for 
Bonavista's business plans and strategies. There is no certainty that the results of the analogous information or inferred thereby will 
be achieved by Bonavista and such information should not be construed as an estimate of future production levels, reserves or the 
actual characteristics and quality of Bonavista's assets.

To provide a single unit of production for analytical purposes, natural gas production and reserves volumes are converted mathematically 
to equivalent barrels of oil (boe). We use the industry-accepted standard conversion of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one 
barrel of oil (6 mcf = 1 bbl). The 6:1 boe ratio is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner 
tip. It does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead and is not based on either energy content or current prices. While the 
boe ratio is useful for comparative measures and observing trends, it does not accurately reflect individual product values and might 
be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. As well, given that the value ratio, based on the current price of crude oil to natural gas, 
is significantly different from the 6:1 energy equivalency ratio, using a 6:1 conversion ratio may be misleading as an indication of value.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT ADVISORIES

This document contains certain forward-looking information and statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws. The use 
of  any  of  the  words  “anticipate”,  “expect”,  “project”,  “plan”,  “estimate”,  “budget”,  “will”,  “strategy”,  “ongoing”,  “potential”,  “believe”, 
“continue" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking information.  Any "financial outlook" or "future orientated 
financial information" in the document as defined by applicable securities laws, has been approved by the management of Bonavista. 
Such financial outlook or future orientated financial information is provided for the purpose of providing information about management's 
current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that reliance on such information may not be appropriate 
for other purposes. 

In particular, but without limiting the foregoing, this document contains forward-looking information and statements pertaining to the 
following: 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the Corporation's focus and plans to create maximum shareholder value;
expectations regarding Bonavista's financial flexibility in the future;
expectations regarding the quality, predictability, resilience and sustainability of Bonavista's asset base;
the performance characteristics of Bonavista's oil and natural gas properties;
expectations regarding industry conditions, future commodity prices and demand for natural gas;
the Corporation's 2019 capital expenditure budget;
the Corporation's exploration and development plans and the results therefrom;
the ability of the Corporation to be agile in responding to changes to commodity prices;
expectations for 2019 for production volumes, adjusted funds flow, net debt and payout ratio;
expectations of future production rates, volumes and production mixes;
projections of market prices and costs, and exchange and inflation rates;
the Corporation's plans to reduce Bonavista's net debt to strengthen the balance sheet and enhance future financial flexibility;
expectations  that  Bonavista  will  generate  adjusted  funds  flow  in  excess  of  what  is  required  to  maintain  our  forecasted 
production volumes;
expectations of future ethane rejection and anticipated production curtailments;
expectations regarding reserves volumes, reserve values, reserve life index, future development costs and decline rates;
the Corporation's acquisition and infrastructure plans;

• 
• 
• 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 51

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

the benefits to be obtained from Bonavista's natural gas marketing strategy; 
expectations that investments in crown land acquisitions and infrastructure will add value beyond 2018;
expectations regarding the number and quality of Bonavista's undeveloped locations;
expectations regarding Bonavista's future decommissioning expenditures;
the Corporation's focus on creating incremental financial flexibility;
expectations regarding Bonavista's quarterly dividend policy;
the Corporation's plans to monitor the economic landscape, commodity prices and our drilling results and adjust capital 
spending levels as conditions warrant;
the sources of funding Bonavista's abandonment and reclamation program, dividend payments and capital expenditures;
the benefits of Bonavista's asset concentration strategy;
the Corporation's risk management program and goals including its market diversification strategy and plans;
the Corporation's estimated tax pools and expectations that future taxable income will be available to utilize accumulated 
tax pools; and
the impact of certain future accounting policies on Bonavista's financial statements;

Statements relating to "reserves" are also deemed to be forward-looking statements, as they involve the implied assessment, based 
on certain estimates and assumptions, that the reserves described exist in the quantities predicted or estimated and that the reserves 
can be profitably produced in the future.

By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties; some of which are beyond Bonavista’s 
control,  including  the  impact  of  general  economic  assumptions  and  conditions,  industry  assumptions  and  conditions,  volatility  of 
commodity prices, currency fluctuations, imprecision of reserve estimates, environmental risks, changes in environmental tax and 
royalty legislation, access to market, production curtailment and ethane rejection, competition from other industry participants, the 
lack of availability of qualified personnel or management, stock market volatility and ability to access sufficient capital from internal 
and external sources. Readers are cautioned that the assumptions used in the preparation of such information, although considered 
reasonable at the time of preparation, may prove to be imprecise and, as such, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-
looking statements. Bonavista’s actual results, performance or achievement could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied 
by, these forward-looking statements or if any of them do so, what benefits that Bonavista will derive there from. Bonavista disclaims 
any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events 
or otherwise, except as required by law.

This document contains information from publicly available third party sources as well as industry data prepared by management on 
the basis of its knowledge of the industry in which Bonavista operates (including management's estimates and assumptions relating 
to the industry based on that knowledge). Management's knowledge of the oil and natural gas industry has been developed through 
its experience and participation in the industry. Management believes that its industry data is accurate and that its estimates and 
assumptions are reasonable, but Bonavista has not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of this data. Third-party 
sources generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but Bonavista 
has not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of included information. Although management believes it to be reliable, 
Bonavista has not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources referred to in this document or analyzed or verified 
the underlying studies or surveys relied upon or referred to by such sources, or ascertained the underlying economic assumptions 
relied upon or referred to by such sources.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 52

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT

The Consolidated Financial Statements of Bonavista Energy Corporation and related financial information were prepared 
by, and are the responsibility of Management. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards. The Consolidated Financial Statements and related financial information 
reflect  amounts  which  must  of  necessity  be  based  upon  informed  estimates  and  judgments  of  Management  with 
appropriate consideration to materiality. The Corporation has developed and maintains systems of controls, policies and 
procedures in order to provide reasonable assurance that assets are properly safeguarded, and that the financial records 
and systems are appropriately designed and maintained, and provide relevant, timely and reliable financial information 
to Management.

The Consolidated Financial Statements have been audited by KPMG LLP, the external auditors, in accordance with 
auditing standards generally accepted in Canada on behalf of the shareholders.

The Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee. The Audit Committee reviews with Management and the 
external auditors any significant financial reporting issues, the Consolidated Financial Statements, and any other matters 
of relevance to the parties. The Audit Committee meets quarterly to review and approve the condensed consolidated 
interim financial statements prior to their release, as well as annually to review the Corporation’s annual Consolidated 
Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis and to recommend their approval to the Board of 
Directors.

The external auditors have unrestricted access to the Corporation, the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.

Jason E. Skehar 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

              Dean M. Kobelka 

Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer

February 14, 2019 
Calgary, Alberta

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 53

 
 
 
               
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

To the Shareholders of Bonavista Energy Corporation

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Bonavista Energy Corporation (the “Company”), which comprise:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017

the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the years then ended 

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended

and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies

(Hereinafter referred to as the “financial statements”).

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the 
Company as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash 
flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). 

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards 
are further described in the “Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements” section of our auditors’ report. 

We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements 
in Canada and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Other Information

Management is responsible for the other information. Other information comprises:

• 

• 

the  information  included  in  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  filed  with  the  relevant  Canadian  Securities 
Commissions.

the information, other than the financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in the 2018 Annual Report.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of assurance 
conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing 
so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the 
audit and remain alert for indications that the other information appears to be materially misstated.

We  obtained  the  information  included  in  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  filed  with  the  relevant  Canadian  Securities 
Commissions and the 2018 Annual Report as at the date of this auditors’ report. If, based on the work we have performed on this 
other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in the 
auditors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such 
internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 54

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, 
disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either 
intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. 

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. 

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian 
generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.

As  part  of  an  audit  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards,  we  exercise  professional  judgment  and 
maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. 

We also:

• 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design 
and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to 
provide a basis for our opinion. 

The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud 
may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate 
in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 
control. 

•  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related 

disclosures made by management.

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit 
evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt 
on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required 
to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our 
auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether 
the financial statements represents the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

•  Communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of 
the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our 
audit. 

•  Provide  those  charged  with  governance  with  a  statement  that  we  have  complied  with  relevant  ethical  requirements 
regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought 
to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this auditors’ report is Brad William Robertson.

Chartered Professional Accountants

Calgary, Canada
February 14, 2019 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 55

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

As at December 31

($ thousands)

Assets

Current assets

Accounts receivable

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Financial instrument contracts

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Financial instrument contracts

Property, plant and equipment

Exploration and evaluation assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Current portion of decommissioning liabilities

Dividends payable

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Financial instrument commodity contracts                                                   

Financial instrument contracts                                                   

Long-term debt

Other long-term liabilities

Decommissioning liabilities

Deferred income taxes

Total liabilities

Shareholders’ equity

Shareholders’ capital

Exchangeable shares

Contributed surplus

Deficit

(6)

(6)

(6)

(6)

(11)

(12)

(15)

(6)

(6)

(6)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(13)

Total shareholders' equity

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

Commitments (note 17) and Subsequent events (note 6).

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors of Bonavista Energy Corporation,

Note

2018

2017

54,711

13,993

57,192

1,200

127,096

19,898

17,204

2,633,494

126,017

2,923,709

101,629

11,704

2,555

2,663

118,551

5,226

—

801,625

4,070

419,042

23,011

73,451

14,680

64,496

—

152,627

10,260

—

2,658,352

138,231

2,959,470

125,242

16,146

2,518

38,146

182,052

10,423

19,295

800,544

6,603

393,180

7,912

1,371,525

1,420,009

2,870,931

89,417

53,168

(1,461,332)

1,552,184

2,923,709

2,852,643

93,266

56,531

(1,462,979)

1,539,461

2,959,470

Ian S. Brown, Director 

Michael M. Kanovsky, Director                                

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 56

 
              
 
 
BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the years ended December 31

($ thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenues

Production

Royalties

Production revenues, net of royalties

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Realized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts

Unrealized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts

Production revenues, net of royalties and financial instrument commodity

contracts

Expenses

Operating

Transportation

General and administrative

Share-based compensation

Loss (gain) on disposition of property, plant and equipment

Gain on disposition of exploration and evaluation assets

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

Net finance costs

Total expenses

Income (loss) before taxes

Deferred income tax expense (recovery)

Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)

 Net income (loss) per share

Basic

Diluted

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Note

2018

2017

(7)

(6)

(6)

(13)

(11)

(11)

(11)

(9)

(16)

(13)

(13)

514,967

(34,360)

480,607

16,083

43,014

539,704

143,935

33,728

24,291

10,381

6,725

(167)

227,447

66,450

512,790

26,914

15,099

11,815

0.05

0.04

553,002

(41,677)

511,325

25,566

107,614

644,505

147,165

24,871

24,749

15,702

(13,589)

(976)

469,555

21,209

688,686

(44,181)

(16,251)

(27,930)

(0.11)

(0.11)

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 57

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

($ thousands)
Balance as at December 31, 2016

Net loss

Conversion of restricted incentive and

performance incentive awards

Tax effect on conversion of restricted incentive

and performance incentive awards
Share-based compensation expense

Share-based compensation capitalized

Exchangeable shares exchanged for common

shares

Dividends declared

Shareholders'
Capital

Exchangeable
Shares

Contributed
Surplus

   Deficit

Total
Shareholders’
Equity

2,837,945

93,859

53,449

(1,425,009)

1,560,244

—

13,994

111

—

—

593

—

—

—

—

—

—

(593)

—

—

(27,930)

(27,930)

(13,994)

—

15,702

1,374

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

111

15,702

1,374

—

(10,040)

(10,040)

Balance as at December 31, 2017

2,852,643

93,266

56,531

(1,462,979)

1,539,461

Net income

Conversion of restricted incentive and

performance incentive awards

Share-based compensation expense

Share-based compensation capitalized

Exchangeable shares exchanged for common

shares

Dividends declared

—

14,439

—

—

3,849

—

—

—

—

—

(3,849)

—

—

11,815

11,815

(14,439)

10,381

695

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

10,381

695

—

(10,168)

(10,168)

Balance as at December 31, 2018

2,870,931

89,417

53,168

(1,461,332)

1,552,184

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 58

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31

($ thousands)
Cash provided by (used in):

Operating Activities

Net income (loss)

Adjustments for:

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

Share-based compensation

Unrealized gains on financial instrument commodity contracts

Loss (gain) on disposition of property, plant and equipment

Gain on disposition of exploration and evaluation assets

Net finance costs

Deferred income tax expense (recovery)

Decommissioning expenditures

Changes in non-cash working capital items
Cash flow from operating activities

Financing Activities

Dividends paid

Interest paid

Net repayment of long-term debt

Cash flow used in financing activities

Investing Activities

Exploration and development

Property acquisitions

Property dispositions

Office equipment

Changes in non-cash working capital items

Cash flow used in investing activities

Change in cash

Cash, beginning of year

Cash, end of year

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Note

2018

2017

11,815

(27,930)

227,447

10,381

(43,014)

6,725

(167)

66,450

15,099

(12,318)

8,773

291,191

(10,131)

(32,951)

(60,015)

(103,097)

(164,492)

(32,654)

26,616

(760)

(16,804)

(188,094)

—

—

—

469,555

15,702

(107,614)

(13,589)

(976)

21,209

(16,251)

(17,318)

2,831

325,619

(10,015)

(39,344)

(79,464)

(128,823)

(289,029)

(13,736)

21,577

(557)

(1,028)

(282,773)

(85,977)

85,977

—

(10)

(10)

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 59

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

1.   Structure of the Corporation 

The principal undertakings of Bonavista Energy Corporation (the “Corporation” or “Bonavista”) are to carry on the business of 
acquiring, developing and holding interests in natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil properties and assets in Western Canada.

Bonavista's principal place of business is located at 1500, 525 - 8th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1G1.

The audited consolidated financial statements of the Corporation as at and for the year ended December 31, 2018, are available 
on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or can be obtained from Bonavista’s website at www.bonavistaenergy.com.

2.    Basis of presentation

Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements (the "financial statements") have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). A summary of Bonavista's 
significant accounting policies under IFRS are presented in note 4, "Significant accounting policies". These accounting policies 
have been applied consistently for all periods presented in these financial statements, with the exception of the impact from the 
adoption of new accounting standards on January 1, 2018 as described in note 3, "Changes in accounting policies".

These financial statements were authorized for issue by the Corporation's Board of Directors' on February 14, 2019. 

Basis of measurement

These financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for derivative financial instruments, which are 
measured at fair value.

Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars ("CDN"), which is the Corporation's functional currency.

Use of management's judgments and estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingencies, if any, as at the date of the financial statements and the reported 
amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and changes in such 
estimates in future years could require a material change in the financial statements. These underlying assumptions are based 
on historical experience and other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, and are subject 
to change as new events occur, as more industry experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as Bonavista's 
operating environment changes. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis by management. Revisions to accounting estimates 
are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. The key sources of estimation 
uncertainty to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are discussed below:

i.  Determination of a Cash-Generating Unit (“CGU”)

The  determination  of  Bonavista’s  CGUs  is  subject  to  management’s  judgment.  In  determining  Bonavista’s  CGUs, 
management assessed what constituted independent cash flows and how to aggregate the respective assets. The asset 
composition of each CGU can directly impact the assessment of the recoverability of those assets included within each CGU. 
On December 31, 2018, the Corporation re-aligned certain cash-generating units to be consistent with the operations of 
Bonavista's current asset base by combining the Central Alberta CGU and South Central Alberta CGU to form the West 
Central CGU. Bonavista's current CGU composition includes its British Columbia CGU, Deep Basin CGU and West Central 
CGU.

ii. 

Impairment testing

Bonavista assesses its property, plant and equipment for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount of its assets may not be recoverable. If any indication of impairment exists, Bonavista performs an impairment test 
on the CGU, which is the lowest level at which there are identifiable cash flows. The carrying amount of each CGU is compared 
to its recoverable amount which is defined as the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use and is subject 
to management estimates. Bonavista also assesses its property, plant and equipment to determine if events or circumstances 
would support the reversal of any previously recorded impairment charges. In this assessment Bonavista considers the facts 
and circumstances that caused the original impairment charge to be recognized and whether there is a sustained period in 
which those facts and circumstances changed.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 60

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista evaluated each of its CGUs for indicators of potential impairment or a reversal of previously 
recorded  impairment  charges.  Key  estimates  used  in  the  determination  of  cash  flows  used  to  calculate  the  recoverable 
amount of a CGU include: quantities of reserves and future production; future commodity pricing; development costs; operating 
costs; royalty obligations; and discount rates. Any changes in these estimates may have an impact on the recoverable amount 
of the CGU. Bonavista identified indicators of impairment at December 31, 2018 as a result of a sustained decline in forward 
commodity benchmark prices for natural gas. As such impairment tests were conducted on each of Bonavista's CGUs at 
December 31, 2018, refer to note 11, "Property, Plant and Equipment". Bonavista further determined that there were no 
sustained changes to factors that led to previously recognized impairment to support a reversal. 

iii.  Proved plus probable oil and natural gas reserves

Reserve estimates are based on engineering data, estimated future prices, expected future rates of production and the timing 
of future capital expenditures, all of which are subject to interpretation and uncertainty. Bonavista expects that over time its 
reserve estimates will be revised either upward or downward depending upon the factors as stated above. These reserve 
estimates can have a significant impact on net income, as it is a key component in the calculation of depletion, depreciation 
and amortization, and also for the determination of potential asset impairments or reversals.

iv.  Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

Property, plant and equipment is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment. 
Bonavista’s oil and natural gas properties are depleted using the unit-of-production method over proved plus probable reserves 
for each CGU. The unit-of-production method takes into account estimates of capital expenditures incurred to date along 
with future development capital required to develop both proved and probable reserves.  

v.  Decommissioning liability

The provision for decommissioning liabilities is based on management's estimates of costs and planned remediation projects. 
Actual costs may differ from those estimated due to changes in governing environment laws and regulations, technological 
changes, and market conditions. 

vi.  Financial instrument contracts

The estimated fair value of financial instrument commodity contracts are subject to changes in forward looking commodity 
prices,  interest  rate  curves,  volatility  curves  and  counterparty  non-performance  risk.  The  estimated  fair  values  of  the 
Corporation’s financial instrument contracts are subject to changes in foreign exchange rates.

3.  Changes in accounting policies

a.  Adoption of IFRS 9, "Financial Instruments"

Effective January 1, 2018, Bonavista adopted IFRS 9 Financial Instruments ("IFRS 9"), which replaced IAS 39 Financial 
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement ("IAS 39"). The retrospective adoption of IFRS 9 did not have a material impact 
on the Corporation's financial statements. The nature and effects of the key changes to Bonavista's accounting policies 
resulting from the adoption of IFRS 9 are summarized below.

Classification of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

IFRS 9 contains three principal classification categories for financial assets: measured at amortized cost; fair value through 
other comprehensive income ("FVOCI"); or fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL"). The classification of financial assets 
under IFRS 9 is generally based on the business model in which a financial asset is managed and its contractual cash flow 
characteristics. IFRS 9 eliminates the previous IAS 39 categories of held to maturity, loans and receivables and available for 
sale. Under IFRS 9, derivatives embedded in contracts where the host is a financial asset in the scope of the standard are 
never separated. Instead, the hybrid financial instrument as a whole is assessed for classification. IFRS 9 largely retains the 
existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification of financial liabilities. 

The following table shows the original measurement categories under IAS 39 and the new measurement categories under 
IFRS 9 as at January 1, 2018 for each class of Bonavista's financial assets and financial liabilities.

Measurement Category

Financial Instrument
Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

IAS 39
loans and receivables

loans and receivables

IFRS 9
amortized cost

amortized cost

Financial instrument commodity contracts

fair value through profit or loss

Financial instrument contracts

fair value through profit or loss

fair value through profit or loss

fair value through profit or loss

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

amortized cost

Dividends payable

Long-term debt

financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

amortized cost

financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

amortized cost

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 61

There  were  no  adjustments  to  the  carrying  amounts  of  Bonavista's  financial  instruments  as  a  result  of  the  change  in 
classification  from  IAS  39  to  IFRS  9.  Bonavista  has  not  designated  any  financial  instruments  as  FVOCI,  nor  does  the 
Corporation apply hedge accounting.

Impairment of Financial Assets

IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an “expected credit loss” model. The new impairment model applies 
to financial assets measured at amortized cost, and contract assets and debt investments measured at FVOCI. Under IFRS 
9, credit losses will be recognized earlier than under IAS 39. The application of the new expected credit loss model did not 
have a material impact on Bonavista's financial assets. As at December 31, 2018, the majority of Bonavista's receivables 
were from oil and natural gas marketers which are normally collected by Bonavista on the 25th of the month following production 
and the remaining receivables were from joint operations partners. As the operator of properties, Bonavista has the ability 
in most instances to withhold production from joint operations partners, in default of amounts owing.

b.  Adoption of IFRS 15, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers"

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”) was issued by the IASB in May of 2014 and replaces IAS 18 
Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts, and related interpretations effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 
January  1,  2018.  IFRS  15  specifies  how  and  when  an  IFRS  reporter  will  recognize  revenue  as  well  as  requiring  more 
informative, relevant disclosures. The new standard provides a single, principles-based five-step analysis of transactions to 
determine the nature of an entity's obligation to perform and whether, how much and when revenue is recognized. New 
estimates and judgmental thresholds have been introduced, which may affect the amount and/or timing of revenue recognized. 
The new standard only affects contracts with customers and does not apply to insurance contracts, financial instruments or 
lease contracts, which fall in the scope of other IFRSs.

Bonavista adopted IFRS 15 effective January 1, 2018. Bonavista applied IFRS 15 to all of its contracts with customers using 
the  cumulative  effect  method.  Under  this  method,  prior  period  financial  statements  have  not  been  restated.  Bonavista’s 
management reviewed its revenue streams and major contracts with customers using the IFRS 15 principles-based five-
step model and concluded there were no material changes to its net income or in the timing of when production revenue is 
recognized. As a result, no adjustments were required in the January 1, 2018 opening statement of financial position. The 
adoption of IFRS 15 does however result in new disclosure requirements contained in note 7, "Revenues" of the financial 
statements. 

4.    Significant accounting policies

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of Bonavista and its subsidiaries as at December 31, 
2018. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which Bonavista obtains control, and continues 
to be consolidated until the date that control ceases. Control exists when Bonavista has the power to govern the financial and 
operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. All intercompany balances and transactions, and any 
unrealized income and expenses, arising from intercompany transactions are eliminated in full. 

Many of Bonavista's oil and natural gas activities involve jointly controlled assets. The financial statements include Bonavista's 
share of these jointly controlled assets and a proportionate share of the relevant revenue and related costs.

Foreign currency

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to Canadian dollars at the period end exchange 
rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are translated at the 
functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Foreign currency differences arising on 
translation are recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

Financial instruments

Financial instruments are recognized when Bonavista becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial 
assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only 
when, Bonavista has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle 
the liability simultaneously.

Classification and Measurement of Financial Assets

The initial classification of a financial asset depends on Bonavista's business model for managing its financial assets and the 
contractual terms of the cash flows. There are three measurement categories into which Bonavista classifies its financial assets:

• 

• 

Amortized cost - Includes assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual 
cash flows and its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flow that represent solely payments of principal and 
interest;

Fair value through other comprehensive income ("FVOCI") - Includes assets that are held within a business model whose 
objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, where its contractual terms 
give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represent solely payments of principal and interest; or

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 62

 
 
• 

Fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL") - Includes assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI and 
are measured at fair value through profit or loss. This includes all derivative financial assets.

Bonavista initially recognizes loans, receivables and deposits on the date that they originated. All other financial assets (including 
assets designated at fair value through profit or loss) are recognized initially on the date at which Bonavista becomes a party to 
the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Bonavista derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the 
rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards 
of  ownership  of  the  financial  asset  are  transferred. Any  interest  in  transferred  financial  assets  that  is  created  or  retained  by 
Bonavista is recognized as a separate asset or liability.

Impairment of financial assets

Bonavista recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses ("ECLs") on its financial assets measured at amortized cost. 
Due to the nature of its financial assets, Bonavista measures loss allowances at an amount equal to expected lifetime ECLs. 
Lifetime ECLs are the anticipated ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. 
ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit loss and are discounted at the effective interest rate of the related financial 
asset.

Classification and Measurement of Financial Liabilities

Bonavista initially recognizes debt securities issued and subordinated liabilities on the date that they originated. All other financial 
liabilities (including liabilities designated at FVTPL) are recognized initially on the trade date at which Bonavista becomes a party 
to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Bonavista initially classifies financial liabilities as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as measured 
at FVTPL if it is held-for-trading, a derivative, or designated as FVTPL on initial recognition. The classification of a financial liability 
is irrevocable. Financial liabilities at FVTPL (other than financial liabilities designated at FVTPL) are measured at fair value with 
changes in fair value, along with any interest expense, recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss). Other financial 
liabilities are initially measured at fair value less attributable transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortized cost 
using the effective interest method. 

Bonavista derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired. Any gain or loss 
on derecognition is recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

Derivative financial instruments

Bonavista has entered into certain derivative financial instruments to manage the exposure to market risks from fluctuations in 
commodity prices and foreign exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments are not used for trading or speculative 
purposes. Bonavista has not designated its derivative financial instruments as effective accounting hedges, and thus has not 
applied hedge accounting, even though the Corporation considers all commodity contracts and foreign exchange contracts to be 
economic hedges. Derivative financial instruments are classified and measured at FVTPL and any attributable transaction costs 
are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivative financial instruments are measured at 
fair value, and changes therein are recognized immediately in profit or loss. The estimated fair value of all derivative financial 
instruments is based on quoted market prices or, in their absence, third party market indications and forecasts.

Bonavista has accounted for its forward physical delivery sales contracts, which were entered into and continue to be held for 
the purpose of receipt or delivery, of non-financial items in accordance with its expected purchase, sale or usage requirements 
as executory contracts. As such, these contracts are not considered to be derivative financial instruments and have not been 
recorded  at fair value on the consolidated  statement of financial  position. Settlements on  these physical  sales  contracts are 
recognized in production revenues.

Exploration and evaluation assets and property, plant and equipment

Exploration and evaluation expenditures

Exploration  and  evaluation  (“E&E”)  costs,  including  the  costs  of  acquiring  licences  and  directly  attributable  general  and 
administrative costs are initially capitalized as either tangible or intangible E&E assets according to the nature of the assets 
acquired. Pre-licence costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) as incurred. The costs are accumulated 
in cost centres by well, field or exploration area pending determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability. 

The technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource is considered to be determinable when total 
proved plus probable reserves are determined to exist. Annually, a review of each exploration licence or field is carried out, to 
ascertain  whether  proved  plus  probable  reserves  have  been  discovered.  Upon  determination  of  total  proved  plus  probable 
reserves, intangible E&E assets attributable to those reserves are transferred from E&E assets to a separate category within 
tangible assets referred to as oil and natural gas properties. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 63

Gains and losses on dispositions of exploration and evaluation assets, are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal 
with the carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets and are recognized on a net basis within “gain (loss) on disposition 
of exploration and evaluation assets” in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

Development and production costs

Items of property, plant and equipment, which include oil and natural gas development and production assets, are measured at 
cost less accumulated depletion and depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. 

Costs incurred subsequent to the determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability and the costs of replacing parts 
of property, plant and equipment are recognized as oil and natural gas interests only when they increase the future economic 
benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.  
Such capitalized oil and natural gas interests generally represent costs incurred in developing proved or proved plus probable 
reserves and bringing in or enhancing production from such reserves, and are accumulated on a field or geotechnical area basis. 
The carrying amount of any replaced or sold component is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant 
and equipment are recognized in the consolidated statement of income (loss) as incurred.

Gains and losses on dispositions of property, plant and equipment, including oil and natural gas interests, are determined by 
comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and are recognized on a net 
basis within “gain (loss) on disposition of property, plant and equipment” in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

Depletion, depreciation and amortization

The net carrying amount of development or production assets is depleted using the unit-of-production method by reference to 
the ratio of production in the year to the related proved plus probable reserves, taking into account estimated future development 
costs necessary to bring those reserves into production. Future development costs are estimated taking into account the level 
of  development  required  to  produce  the  reserves. These  estimates  are  reviewed  by  independent  reserve  engineers  at  least 
annually. 

Proved  plus  probable  reserves  are  estimated  using  independent  reserve  engineering  reports  and  represent  the  estimated 
quantities of oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas, which geological, geophysical and engineering data demonstrate with a 
specified degree of certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs and which are considered commercially 
producible. There should be a 50% statistical probability that the actual quantity of recoverable reserves will be more than the 
amount estimated as proved plus probable and a 50% statistical probability that it will be less. The equivalent statistical probabilities 
for the proven component of proved plus probable reserves are 90% and 10%, respectively.

Such reserves may be considered commercially producible if management has the intention of developing and producing them 
and such intention is based upon:

• 

• 

• 

a reasonable assessment of the future economics of such production;

a reasonable expectation that there is a market for all or substantially all the expected oil and natural gas production; and

evidence that the necessary production, transmission and transportation facilities are available or can be made available.

Reserves may only be considered total proved plus probable if producibility is supported by either actual production or conclusive 
formation test. The area of reservoir considered proved includes: (a) that portion delineated by drilling and defined by gas-oil and/
or oil-water contacts, if any, or both; and (b) the immediately adjoining portions not yet drilled, but which can be reasonably judged 
as economically productive on the basis of available geophysical, geological and engineering data. In the absence of information 
on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurrence of oil and natural gas controls the lower proved limit of the reservoir.

Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (such as fluid injection) are 
only included in the proved plus probable classification when successful testing by a pilot project, the operation of an installed 
program in the reservoir, or other reasonable evidence (such as, experience of the same techniques on similar reservoirs or 
reservoir simulation studies) provides support for the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based.

The estimated useful lives for certain production assets for the current and comparative years are as follows:

Facilities

15 years

Oil and natural gas properties

Based on CGU Reserve Life

For other assets, depreciation is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part 
of an item of property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful 
lives unless it is reasonably certain that Bonavista will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Depreciation methods, 
useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 64

The estimated useful lives for other assets for the current and comparative years are as follows:

Office equipment

Fixtures and fittings

Leaseholds

5 years

5 years

9.5 years

Other intangible assets that are acquired by Bonavista, which have finite useful lives, are measured at cost less accumulated 
amortization  and  accumulated  impairment  losses.  Subsequent  expenditure  is  capitalized  only  when  it  increases  the  future 
economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. Amortization is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line 
basis over the estimated useful lives of other intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date they were available for use.

Impairment

Exploration and evaluation ("E&E") assets

E&E assets are assessed for impairment at the operating segment level and tested for impairment when circumstances arise 
which could indicate potential impairment. Upon determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability, the E&E assets 
are first tested for impairment by comparing the carrying amount to the greater of the E&E assets' fair value less cost of disposal 
or value in use and then transferred to a separate category within tangible assets referred to as oil and natural gas properties. 
An impairment charge on E&E assets is recognized if the carrying value of the E&E assets exceeds the recoverable amount. Any 
impairment  charge  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  income  (loss)  in  depletion,  depreciation,  amortization  and 
impairment.

If there is an indication that a previously recognized impairment charge may no longer exist or may have decreased, the recoverable  
amount of the relevant E&E asset is calculated and compared against the carrying amount.  An impairment charge is reversed 
to the extent that the asset's recoverable amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined if no 
impairment charge had been recognized.

Development and production assets

For the purpose of impairment testing, Bonavista's development and production assets are grouped together into the smallest 
group of assets that generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets 
or groups of assets, the CGU. CGUs are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment 
or impairment reversals. If any such indication exists, an impairment test is performed by comparing the CGUs carrying value to 
its recoverable amount, defined as the greater of a CGU's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Any excess of carrying 
value  over  the  recoverable  amount  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  income  (loss)  in  depletion,  depreciation, 
amortization and impairment.

If there is an indication that a previously recognized impairment charge may no longer exist or may have decreased, the recoverable  
amount of the relevant CGU is calculated and compared against the carrying amount.  An impairment charge is reversed to the 
extent that the asset's recoverable amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depletion, 
depreciation and amortization, if no impairment charge had been recognized. A reversal of an impairment charge is recognized 
in the consolidated statement of income (loss) in depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment.

Employee benefits

Share-based compensation

Long-term incentives are granted to officers, directors, employees and certain consultants in accordance with Bonavista's  restricted 
incentive award and performance incentive award plans.  

The fair value of restricted incentive awards is assessed on the grant date factoring in the weighted average trading price of the 
five days preceding the grant date and forecasted dividends. This fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the 
vesting period with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus. Upon the conversion of the restricted incentive awards or 
the settlement of the incentive awards by common shares, on the predetermined vesting dates, the value in contributed surplus 
pertaining to the awards is recorded as shareholders’ capital. Restricted incentive awards vest on terms up to three years from 
the initial date of grant as determined by Bonavista's Board of Directors.

The fair value of performance incentive awards is assessed on grant date by using the closing price of common shares and 
multiplied by the estimated performance multiplier. The performance multiplier can range from 0 to 2 and is dependent on the 
performance of the Corporation at the end of the vesting period relative to corporate performance measures determined at the 
discretion of Bonavista's Board of Directors. The fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period with 
a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. Upon settlement of the performance incentive awards by common shares, on 
the predetermined payment date, the value in contributed surplus pertaining to the awards is recorded as shareholders' capital. 
Performance incentive awards vest thirty-nine months from the initial date of grant as determined by Bonavista's Board of Directors.

Under the long-term incentive plans, forfeiture rates are assigned at the grant date and upon vesting, the difference between 
estimated and actual forfeitures is adjusted through share-based compensation.

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if Bonavista has a present legal or constructive obligation 
to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

Lease payments

Payments made under operating leases are recognized in profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease 
incentives received are recognized as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.

Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, Bonavista has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be 
estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are 
determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

Decommissioning liabilities

Bonavista's activities give rise to dismantling, decommissioning and site disturbance remediation activities. Provision is made for 
the estimated cost of site restoration and capitalized in the relevant asset category. 

Decommissioning liabilities are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of expenditure required to settle 
the present obligation at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position. Subsequent to the initial measurement, the 
obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time and changes in the estimated future cash flows 
underlying  the  obligation. The  increase  in  the  provision  due  to  the  passage  of  time  is  recognized  as  finance  costs  whereas 
increases/decreases due to changes in the estimated future cash flows are capitalized. Actual costs incurred upon settlement of 
the decommissioning obligations are charged against the provision to the extent the provision was established.

Revenues

Bonavista’s production revenues from the sale of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas are based on the consideration 
specified in contracts with customers. Bonavista recognizes revenue when it transfers control of the product to the customer, 
which  is  generally  when  legal  title  passes  to  the  customer  which  is  when  it  is  physically  transferred  to  the  pipeline  or  other 
transportation method agreed upon and collection is reasonably assured. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the 
consideration specified in the contract.

Bonavista evaluates its arrangements with third parties and partners to determine if Bonavista is acting as the principal or as an 
agent. Bonavista is considered the principal in a transaction when it has primary responsibility for the transaction. If Bonavista 
acts in the capacity of an agent rather than as a principal in a transaction, then the revenue is recognized on a net basis, only 
reflecting the fee, if any, realized by Bonavista from the transaction.

Tariffs, tolls and fees charged to other entities for use of pipelines and facilities owned by Bonavista are evaluated by management 
to determine if they originate from contracts with customers or from incidental or collaborative arrangements. Tariffs, tolls and 
fees charged to other entities that are from contracts with customers are recognized in revenue when the related services are 
provided. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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Finance income and costs

Finance  costs  comprise  of  interest  expense  on  borrowings,  unwinding  of  the  discount  on  provisions  and  impairment  losses 
recognized on financial assets. Fair value losses on financial assets are recognized in the consolidated statement of income 
(loss). 

Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the consolidated statement of income (loss), using the effective interest method. 

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported under finance income or expenses.

Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income taxes. Current and deferred income taxes are recognized in the 
consolidated statement of income (loss) except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly 
in equity or in other comprehensive income (loss). 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the period, using tax rates enacted or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred income taxes are recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities 
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred income taxes are not recognized for:

• 

• 

• 

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and 
that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the 
foreseeable future; and

taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred income taxes are measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, 
based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, 
and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they 
intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

A deferred income tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent 
that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred income tax assets are 
reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be 
realized.

Per share amounts

Basic per share amounts are calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders of Bonavista by the 
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted per share amounts are determined by adjusting 
net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the 
effects of dilutive instruments such as stock options, restricted incentive awards and performance incentive awards granted to 
employees.

5.  Future accounting policies

Below is a description of a new IFRS standard that is not yet effective and has not been applied in the preparation of the financial 
statements. There are no other standards or interpretations issued, but not yet adopted, that are anticipated to have a material 
impact on Bonavista's financial statements.

In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases, which replaces IAS 17 Leases. The new standard introduces a single recognition 
and measurement model for leases, which requires the recognition of assets and liabilities for most leases with a term of more 
than twelve months. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The new standard 
is to be adopted either retrospectively or using a modified retrospective approach. Bonavista intends to adopt IFRS 16 in its 
financial  statements  for  the  period  beginning  on  January  1,  2019,  using  the  modified  retrospective  transition  approach. The 
Corporation is currently in the process of quantifying the impact of the contracts that fall within the scope of the new standard. 
The Corporation expects adjustments for its office lease, certain vehicles and certain field equipment, however, the full extent of 
the impact has not yet been finalized.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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6.  Financial risk management

To manage its exposure to certain market risks, Bonavista has a risk management program in place which includes financial 
instruments as disclosed in the commodity price risk and foreign exchange risk sections of this note. The objective of Bonavista's 
risk management program is to mitigate exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign exchange rates 
to reduce volatility in the Corporation's adjusted funds flow as defined in note 8, "Capital management".

Commodity price risk

Bonavista is exposed to commodity price risk as prices received for its natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil production fluctuate. 
Commodity prices fluctuate as a result of a number of local and global factors including, supply and demand, inventory levels, 
weather patterns, pipeline transportation constraints, political stability and economic factors. Bonavista mitigates a portion of the 
commodity price risk through the use of various financial instrument commodity contracts and physical delivery sales contracts. 
Bonavista's policy is to enter into commodity price contracts when considered appropriate to a maximum of 70% of forecasted 
revenues, net of royalties for the subsequent twelve month period, 60% in years two and three and 25% in years four and five, 
provided that no more than 80% of forecasted revenues, net of royalties, from any one product (where natural gas and ethane 
are considered as one product, propane is considered to be its own product and butane, condensate and oil are considered one 
product) may be hedged, or in the case of electricity, 60% of Bonavista's forecasted net consumption. The term of any commodity 
hedge  executed  will  be  limited  to  no  more  than  five  calendar  years  subsequent  to  the  current  calendar  year.  Bonavista's 
management regularly reviews this policy to reflect changes in market conditions.

Financial instrument commodity contracts

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had entered into the following costless collars to sell oil and natural gas: 

Volume

Natural gas

Average Price

Contract

Term

15,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.30 - CDN $2.77

AECO - Costless Collar

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

Oil contracts

500 bbls/d

CDN $80.00 - CDN $93.00 WTI - Costless Collar

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

500 bbls/d

CDN $67.50 - CDN $ 73.01 WTI - Costless Collar

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2020

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had entered into the following contracts to manage its overall commodity exposure:  

Volume

Natural gas

Price

Contract

Term

5,000 gjs/d

CDN $3.05

60,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.98

70,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.42

40,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.15

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.00

10,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.00)

10,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.98)

15,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.08)

15,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.08)

5,000 mmbtu/d US $5.15

50,000 mmbtu/d US $3.04

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.75

20,000 gjs/d

CDN $2.13

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.75

10,000 gjs/d

CDN $1.80

10,000 mmbtu/d US $4.40

20,000 mmbtu/d US $3.02

10,000 mmbtu/d US $3.75

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

AECO - Swap

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

April 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019

April 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019

April 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

November 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020

AECO - Basis Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

AECO - Basis Swap

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2021

DAWN - Basis Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

DAWN - Basis Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2021

VENTURA - Swap

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

NYMEX - Swap

AECO - Sold Call

AECO - Sold Call

AECO - Sold Call

AECO - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

November 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021

NYMEX - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

NYMEX - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

NYMEX - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2021

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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Volume

Price

Natural gas liquids

2,250 bbls/d

US $33.18

1,200 bbls/d

US $34.27

Contract

Term

MTB BT - Swap

MTB BT - Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

250 bbls/d

US $35.75

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019

3,500 bbls/d

US $26.84

1,750 bbls/d

US $28.59

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

250 bbls/d

US $26.04

CNWY PN - Swap

January 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020

Oil

3,250 bbls/d

CDN $72.28

750 bbls/d

CDN $81.89

250 bbls/d

CDN $80.17

1,000 bbls/d

CDN $90.00

1,000 bbls/d

US $54.60

WTI - Swap

WTI - Swap

WTI - Swap

WTI - Sold Call

WTI - Sold Call

January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, Bonavista entered into the following contracts to manage its overall commodity exposure:  

Volume

Price

27,500 gjs/d

CDN $1.23

250 bbls/d

US ($8.75)

30,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.36)

30,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.36)

30,000 mmbtu/d US ($1.36)

20,000 mmbtu/d US ($0.16)

Contract

AECO - Swap

MSW - Basis

Term

April 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019

March 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019

AECO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2020 - October 31, 2020

AECO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021

AECO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022

CHICAGO - Basis Swap

April 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022

Bonavista's financial instrument commodity contracts are sensitive to commodity price volatility. The following tables highlight the 
approximate impact that changes in the fair value of the financial instrument commodity contracts would have on net income 
(loss) at December 31, 2018 with changes to the underlying commodity prices.

($ thousands)

Natural Gas Commodity Contracts

Natural Gas Liquids Commodity Contracts

Oil Commodity Contracts

Commodity Price Sensitivity

Increase $0.10

Decrease $0.10

(6,391)

6,391

Increase $1.00

Decrease $1.00

(3,242)

3,242

Increase $1.00

Decrease $1.00

(1,461)

1,461

Financial instrument commodity contracts are recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value at each 
reporting period with the change in fair value being recognized as an unrealized gain or loss on the consolidated statements of 
income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss). At December 31, 2018, the fair value recorded on the consolidated statement 
of financial position for these financial instrument commodity contracts was a net asset of $69.2 million (December 31, 2017 - 
$26.2 million, net asset) of which a net asset of $54.5 million (December 31, 2017 - $26.4 million, net asset) relates to financial 
instrument commodity contracts with term dates within one year and a net asset of $14.7 million (December 31, 2017 - $0.2
million, net liability) relates to financial instrument commodity contracts with term dates beyond one year. During the year ended 
December 31, 2018, a net gain of $59.1 million (December 31, 2017 - $133.2 million, net gain) was recorded on the consolidated 
statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss), consisting of a realized gain of $16.1 million (December 31, 2017
- $25.6 million realized gain) and an unrealized gain of $43.0 million (December 31, 2017 - $107.6 million unrealized gain).

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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Physical purchase and sale contracts

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had entered into the following fixed price physical contract to sell natural gas:

Volume

Price

20,000   gjs/d

CDN $2.25

Term
November 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020(1)

(1) 

Includes a feature which at the discretion of the counterparty allows for the additional purchase of 20,000 gjs/d on the last trade date of each month for the duration of the contract.

Foreign exchange risk

Bonavista is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations as natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices are referenced to US dollar 
denominated prices. Bonavista has mitigated some of this foreign exchange risk by entering into fixed CDN dollar natural gas, 
natural gas liquids and oil swaps and collars as outlined in the commodity price risk section above. In addition, Bonavista has 
US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes and interest obligations of which future cash repayments are directly impacted 
by the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate.

To fix the foreign exchange rate on a portion of the US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes, Bonavista has entered into 
the following contracts to purchase US dollars at predetermined rates on settlement dates that coincide with Bonavista's US dollar 
debt repayment commitments:

Settlement date
2019(1)
November 2, 2020

October 25, 2021

November 2, 2022

May 23, 2023

Contract

Notional US$

CDN$/US$

US$ purchased forward

$9,314,400

US$ purchased forward

US$ purchased forward

US$ purchased forward

US$ purchased forward

$160,000,000

$150,000,000

$50,000,000

$40,000,000

1.2288

1.3049

1.2991

1.3012

1.2974

(1) 

Settlement dates of varying notional amounts coincide with interest payments on US dollar denominated senior unsecured notes, including: April 25, May 2, May 23, October 25, November 
2 and November 23 of 2019.

Bonavista's financial instrument contracts are sensitive to changes in the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange rate. Holding all 
other variables constant, a $0.01 change in the forward forecast CDN$/US$ exchange rate at December 31, 2018 would have 
had an impact of approximately $3.5 million on net income (loss) (December 31, 2017 - $2.9 million).

The  fair  value  recorded  on  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  for  these  financial  instrument  contracts  as  at 
December 31, 2018 was a net asset of $18.4 million of which a net asset of $1.2 million relates to financial instrument contracts 
with term dates within one year and a net asset of $17.2 million relates to financial instrument contracts with term dates beyond 
one year. The fair value recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position for these financial instrument contracts as 
at December 31, 2017 was a net liability of $19.3 million of which all relates to financial instrument contracts with term dates 
beyond one year. For the year ended December 31, 2018, an unrealized gain of $37.7 million was recorded on the consolidated 
statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) (December 31, 2017 - $23.7 million unrealized loss). 

Interest rate risk

Bonavista is exposed to interest rate risk on any amount outstanding on its Canadian bank credit facility. Bonavista manages 
interest rate risk by having both fixed interest rates on senior unsecured notes and floating interest rates on outstanding bank 
debt. 

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to Bonavista if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual 
obligation  and  arises,  primarily  from  joint  operations  partners,  oil  and  natural  gas  marketers  and  financial  intermediaries. 
Bonavista's accounts receivable are with oil and natural gas marketers and joint operations partners in the oil and natural gas 
business and are subject to normal credit risks. Concentration of credit risk is mitigated by marketing production to numerous oil 
and natural gas marketers under normal industry sale and payment terms. Bonavista routinely assesses the financial strength 
of its counterparties. Bonavista may be exposed to certain losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to financial 
instrument contracts. Bonavista mitigates this risk by entering into transactions with highly rated financial institutions.

The majority of Bonavista's credit exposure on accounts receivable at December 31, 2018 pertains to accrued sales revenue for 
December 2018 production volumes. Receivables from oil and natural gas marketers are normally collected by Bonavista on the 
25th of the month following production. Receivables with joint operations partners are typically collected within one to three months 
of the joint operations invoice being issued to the partner. At December 31, 2018 Bonavista’s receivables consisted of $43.5
million of receivables from oil and natural gas marketers of which substantially all has been collected subsequent to December 31, 
2018 and $11.2 million from joint operations partners of which $2.7 million has been subsequently collected. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 70

Bonavista  routinely  monitors  the  age  of  its  receivables,  investigating  the  issue  behind  past  due  amounts  and  reviewing  the 
creditworthiness and collection history of the counterparty. Bonavista considers all amounts greater than 90 days to be past due. 
At December 31, 2018 Bonavista has $4.0 million in accounts receivable that is considered to be past due (December 31, 2017
- $4.6 million). Although these amounts have been outstanding for greater than 90 days, they are still deemed to be collectible. 
As the operator of properties, Bonavista does have the ability in most instances to withhold production from joint operations 
partners, who are in default of amounts owing. The lifetime ECL allowances related to Bonavista's receivables from oil and natural 
gas marketers and joint operations partners were nominal as at and for the periods ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 
2017.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  Bonavista  will  encounter  difficulty  in  meeting  obligations  associated  with  its  financial  liabilities. 
Bonavista's  financial  liabilities  consist  of  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities,  dividends  payable,  financial  instruments 
contracts, bank debt and senior unsecured notes. Accounts payable consists of invoices payable to trade suppliers for office, 
field operating activities, and capital expenditures. Bonavista processes invoices within a normal payment period. 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities have contractual maturities of less than one year. Dividends payable are declared on a 
quarterly basis and are dependent upon a number of factors including current and future commodity prices, foreign exchange 
rates, Bonavista’s commodity hedging program, current operations and future investment opportunities. Financial instrument 
contracts have contractual maturities of less than five years on all commodity contracts and range from four months to five years 
on foreign exchange contracts. Bonavista’s revolving bank credit facility, as outlined in note 14, "Long-term debt", may at the 
request of the Corporation with the consent of the lenders, be extended on an annual basis beyond the existing term. Bonavista 
also has a series of senior unsecured notes outstanding with fixed interest rates, as outlined in note 14, "Long-term debt", which 
range in maturities from November 2, 2020 to May 23, 2025. Bonavista also has provided for financial convents under both its 
bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes, the details of which are outlined in note 14, "Long-term debt". Bonavista also 
maintains and monitors a certain level of adjusted funds flow which is used to partially finance all operating, investing and capital 
expenditures.

Financial instrument classification and measurement

Bonavista's  financial  instruments  include  accounts  receivable,  financial  instrument  commodity  contracts,  financial  instrument 
contracts, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, dividends payable and long-term debt. Bonavista classifies the fair value of 
these financial instruments according to the following hierarchy based on the amount of observable inputs used to value the 
instrument.

• 

• 

Level 1 – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets 
are those in which transactions occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.  

Level 2 – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1. Prices in Level 2 are either directly 
or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 valuations are based on inputs, including quoted forward prices for 
commodities, time value and volatility factors, which can be substantially observed or corroborated in the marketplace.

• 

Level 3 – Valuation in this level are those with inputs for the asset or liabilities that are not based on observable market data.

Bonavista's financial instrument commodity contracts, financial instrument contracts, bank debt and senior unsecured notes are 
classified as Level 2 measurements. To estimate the fair value of these financial instruments Bonavista uses quoted market prices 
when available or fair-value estimates from third party valuation models that use observable market data. Bonavista does not 
have any recurring fair value measurements classified as Level 1 or Level 3. Bonavista does not have any financial assets or 
financial liabilities that are subject to offsetting arrangements.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 71

The fair market value recorded on Bonavista's consolidated statement of financial position for financial instrument contracts was:

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

($ thousands)
Current assets

Financial instrument commodity contracts(1)
Financial instrument contracts(1)

Long-term assets

Financial instrument commodity contracts(1)
Financial instrument contracts(1)

Current liabilities

Financial instrument commodity contracts(1)

Long-term liabilities

Financial instrument commodity contracts(1)
Financial instrument contracts(1)

Net asset

(1)      Level 2

57,192

1,200

19,898

17,204

(2,663)

(5,226)

—

87,605

64,496

—

10,260

—

(38,146)

(10,423)

(19,295)

6,892

The fair value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and dividends payable approximate their carrying 
amount due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Borrowings under Bonavista's bank credit facility bear interest at a 
floating market rate and accordingly the fair market value approximates the carrying value. The fair market value of Bonavista's 
senior unsecured notes at December 31, 2018 was approximately $792.1 million (December 31, 2017 - $722.9 million), compared 
to a carrying amount of $790.7 million (December 31, 2017 - $730.4 million).

7.  Revenues

Bonavista produces natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil from its assets in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 
("WCSB"). Bonavista sells its production pursuant to fixed-price or variable-price physical delivery contracts. The transaction 
price for variable-price contracts is based on a benchmark commodity price, adjusted for quality, location or other factors whereby 
each component of the pricing formula can be either fixed or variable, depending on the contract terms. Under the contracts, 
Bonavista is required to deliver fixed or variable volumes of natural gas, natural gas liquids or crude oil to the contract counterparty. 

Production revenue is recognized when Bonavista gives up control of the unit of production at the delivery point agreed to under 
the terms of the contract. The amount of production revenue recognized is based on the agreed transaction price and the volumes 
delivered. Any variability in the transaction price relates specifically to Bonavista's efforts to transfer production and therefore the 
resulting revenue is allocated to the production delivered in the period to which the variability relates. Bonavista does not have 
any factors considered to be constraining in the recognition of revenue with variable pricing factors. Bonavista’s contracts with 
customers generally have a term of one year or less, whereby delivery takes place throughout the contract period. Production 
revenues are normally collected on the business day nearest the 25th day of the month following production. 

Bonavista’s production revenues were primarily generated in its Deep Basin and West Central core areas located in Alberta. 
Bonavista's customers are oil and natural gas marketers and joint operations partners in the oil and natural gas business and 
are subject to normal credit risks. Concentration of credit risk is mitigated by marketing production to numerous oil and natural 
gas  marketers  under  customary  industry  sale  and  payment  terms.  Bonavista  routinely  assesses  the  financial  strength  of  its 
counterparties. Of the production revenue, five percent resulted from fixed price contracts, with the remaining 95 percent from 
sales whereby the transaction price was based on the index price in the transaction month.

The following table presents Bonavista’s production revenues disaggregated by product: 

($ thousands)
Production Revenues

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids

Oil

Total Production Revenues

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

236,333

227,827

50,807

514,967

294,777

208,139

50,086

553,002

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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($ thousands)
Natural Gas Liquids by Component

Ethane (C2)
Propane (C3)
Butane (C4)
Pentanes plus and condensate (C5+)

Total Natural Gas Liquids

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

9,227

49,904

49,763

118,933

227,827

16,734

49,797

41,529

100,079

208,139

Under certain marketing arrangements Bonavista will transfer title of its natural gas production to a third party marketing company 
who will subsequently deliver the natural gas production to an end customer by utilizing Bonavista's pipeline capacity. In such 
instances Bonavista's pipeline capacity, for the specified contract term, has been assigned to the third party marketing company.  
This transportation revenue stream is presented within natural gas production revenue which is disaggregated in the below table 
by type:

($ thousands)

Natural Gas Production Revenue

Transportation Revenue

Total Natural Gas Production Revenue

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

219,243

17,090

236,333

285,844

8,933

294,777

Included in accounts receivable at December 31, 2018 was $43.5 million (December 31, 2017 - $63.3 million) of accrued production 
revenue related to deliveries for the month then ended. There were no significant adjustments for prior period accrued production 
revenue reflected in the current period. Changes in Bonavista’s accrued production revenues result from changes in its production 
and transaction prices. As at December 31, 2018, Bonavista did not have any contracts for the sale of its future production beyond 
one year in term.  

8.  Capital management

Bonavista's objectives when managing capital are to: (i) preserve financial flexibility which will allow it to execute on its Corporate 
strategy through expenditures on exploration and development activities; (ii) maintain a strong financial position to support investor, 
creditor and market confidence; and (iii) deploy capital to provide an appropriate return on investment to its shareholders. Bonavista 
manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in response to changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics 
of its underlying natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil assets. This is accomplished by consistently aligning Bonavista's capital 
and dividend programs with adjusted funds flow. Adjusted funds flow is used by management to assess Bonavista's ability to 
generate the cash flow necessary to finance capital expenditures, expenditures on decommissioning liabilities, fund its dividend 
program and meet other financial obligations.

Bonavista  considers  its  capital  structure  to  include  working  capital  (excluding  associated  assets  and  liabilities  from  financial 
instrument commodity contracts and decommissioning liabilities), bank credit facility, senior unsecured notes and shareholders' 
equity. Bonavista monitors capital based on the ratio of net debt to adjusted funds flow (annualized current quarter). The ratio 
represents the time period it would take to pay off Bonavista's net debt if no further capital expenditures were incurred and if 
adjusted funds flow remained constant. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by adjusted funds flow for the most recent 
calendar quarter, annualized (multiplied by four). This ratio may increase at certain times as a result of acquisitions or low commodity 
prices. Bonavista considers net debt to be a key measure in assessing the liquidity of the Corporation on a comparable basis 
with prior periods. Bonavista has calculated net debt based on the bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes, net of working 
capital (excluding associated assets and liabilities from financial instrument commodity contracts and decommissioning liabilities). 
As  at  December 31,  2018,  Bonavista’s  ratio  of  net  debt  to  adjusted  funds  flow  (fourth  quarter  annualized)  was  3.4  to  1 
(December 31, 2017 - 2.4 to 1).

To facilitate the management of this ratio, Bonavista prepares annual adjusted funds flow and capital expenditure budgets, which 
are updated as necessary, and are routinely reviewed and approved by Bonavista’s Board of Directors. The Corporation manages 
its capital structure and makes adjustments by continually monitoring its business conditions, including: the current economic 
conditions;  the  risk  characteristics  of  Bonavista’s  natural  gas,  natural  gas  liquids  and  oil  assets;  the  depth  of  its  investment 
opportunities; current and forecasted net debt levels; current and forecasted commodity prices; and other factors that influence 
commodity prices and adjusted funds flow, such as quality and basis differentials, royalties, operating costs and transportation 
costs.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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To maintain or adjust the capital structure, Bonavista considers: its forecasted ratio of net debt to forecasted adjusted funds flow 
while attempting to finance an acceptable capital expenditure program including acquisition opportunities; the current level of 
bank credit available from the Corporation's lenders; the availability of other sources of debt with different characteristics than 
the existing bank debt; the sale of assets; the monetization of financial instrument contracts; issuance of new equity if available 
on favourable terms; the size of the capital expenditure program; the size of its decommissioning expenditure program and the 
level of dividends payable to its shareholders. Bonavista shareholders' capital is not subject to external restrictions, however, the 
Corporation's bank credit facility and senior unsecured notes do contain financial covenants, refer to note 14, "Long-term debt".

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash flow from operating activities to adjusted funds flow:

($ thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities
Interest expense(1)
Decommissioning expenditures(4)
Changes in non-cash working capital(2)
Adjusted funds flow(3)

Three months ended December 31,

Year ended December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

77,581

(8,553)

2,198

(10,151)

61,075

94,515

(8,953)

5,746

(5,200)

86,108

291,191

(35,141)

12,318

(8,773)

325,619

(38,118)

17,318

(2,831)

259,595

301,988

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

(4) 

Interest expense on Bonavista's long-term debt excluding the amortization of debt issuance costs. 
Refer to note 10, "Supplemental cash flow information".
Adjusted funds flow as presented does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore it may not be comparable with the calculation of similar measures for other 
entities.
The timing of when decommissioning expenditures are incurred is predominately at the discretion of Bonavista's management. However, there is a non-discretionary component that 
relates to compliance with regulatory requirements and abandonment and reclamation projects where Bonavista is not the operator. For the three months ended December 31, 2018 the 
non-discretionary component of Bonavista's decommissioning expenditures was $0.6 million (December 31, 2017 - $1.3 million). Similarly, for the year ended December 31, 2018 the 
non-discretionary component of Bonavista's decommissioning expenditures was $3.6 million (December 31, 2017 - $3.1 million). 

The following table provides a reconciliation of long-term debt to net debt and the net debt to adjusted funds flow ratio:

Net Debt to Adjusted Funds Flow
($ thousands)
Long-term debt
Working capital(1)
Current assets

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Current liabilities

Financial instrument commodity contracts

Decommissioning liabilities

Net debt(2)
Adjusted funds flow (fourth quarter annualized)(2)
Net debt to adjusted funds flow (fourth quarter annualized) (ratio)(2)
Adjusted funds flow(2)
Net debt to adjusted funds flow (ratio)(2)

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

801,625

(8,545)

800,544

29,425

57,192

64,496

(2,663)

(11,704)

835,905

244,300

3.4:1

259,595

3.2:1

(38,146)

(16,146)

840,173

344,432

2.4:1

301,988

2.8:1

(1)  Working capital is equal to current assets less current liabilities as presented on the consolidated statement of financial position. Current assets as at December 31, 2018 were $127.1 

million compared to current liabilities of $118.6 million. Current assets as at December 31, 2017 were $152.6 million compared to current liabilities of $182.1 million. 
The measure as presented does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore it may not be comparable with the calculation of similar measures for other entities.

(2) 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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9.  Finance costs and income

($ thousands)
Finance costs

Accretion of decommissioning liabilities

Accretion of other liabilities

Amortization of debt issue costs

Interest on bank debt

Interest on notes payable

Realized loss on foreign exchange

Unrealized loss on foreign exchange

Unrealized loss on financial instrument contracts

Total finance costs

Finance income

Realized gain on foreign exchange

Unrealized gain on foreign exchange

Unrealized gain on financial instrument contracts

Total finance income

Net finance costs

10.  Supplemental cash flow information

($ thousands)
Cash provided by (used for):

Accounts receivable

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, net of interest accrual

Related to:

Operating activities

Investing activities

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

8,891

843

754

4,406

30,735

—

60,342

—

105,971

(1,822)

—

(37,699)

(39,521)

66,450

8,581

1,066

841

2,501

35,617

32,675

—

23,657

104,938

—

(83,729)

—

(83,729)

21,209

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

18,740

586

(27,357)

(8,031)

8,773

(16,804)

(8,031)

(5,879)

2,393

5,289

1,803

2,831

(1,028)

1,803

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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11.  Property, plant and equipment

Cost

($ thousands)
Balance as at December 31, 2016

Additions

Acquisitions

Transfers from exploration and evaluation assets

Changes in decommissioning liabilities

Dispositions

Oil and natural
gas properties

   Facilities

   Other
Assets

   Total

4,900,372

526,256

29,383

5,456,011

268,323

5,614

24,269

(12,293)

(40,737)

16,102

1,677

—

—

(6,030)

557

284,982

—

—

—

—

7,291

24,269

(12,293)

(46,767)

Balance as at December 31, 2017

5,145,548

538,005

29,940

5,713,493

Additions

Acquisitions

Transfers from exploration and evaluation assets

Changes in decommissioning liabilities

Dispositions

149,349

11,840

32,064

19,802

9,311

14,429

—

—

(63,506)

(1,448)

760

159,420

—

—

—

—

26,269

32,064

19,802

(64,954)

Balance as at December 31, 2018

5,295,097

560,297

30,700

5,886,094

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

Balance as at December 31, 2016

(2,474,316)

(119,836)

(18,096)

(2,612,248)

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment

(444,095)

(23,286)

(2,174)

(469,555)

Dispositions

24,504

2,158

—

26,662

Balance as at December 31, 2017

(2,893,907)

(140,964)

(20,270)

(3,055,141)

Depletion, depreciation and amortization

(201,471)

(23,381)

(2,595)

(227,447)

Dispositions

29,429

559

—

29,988

Balance as at December 31, 2018

(3,065,949)

(163,786)

(22,865)

(3,252,600)

Carrying amount

As at December 31, 2018

As at December 31, 2017

2,229,148

2,251,641

396,511

397,041

7,835

9,670

2,633,494

2,658,352

For the year ended December 31, 2018, $5.2 million (December 31, 2017 - $5.6 million) of direct general and administrative 
expenses were capitalized. At December 31, 2018, future development costs of $1,509.7 million were included in Bonavista's 
depletion calculation (December 31, 2017 - $1,415.0 million).

During the year ended December 31, 2018, Bonavista disposed of certain non-core petroleum and natural gas rights and non-
core properties for total proceeds of $26.6 million resulting in a before tax loss on sale of property, plant and equipment of $6.7
million and a $0.2 million before tax gain on sale of exploration and evaluation assets. 

During the comparative year ended December 31, 2017, Bonavista disposed of certain non-core petroleum and natural gas rights 
and non-core properties for total proceeds of $21.6 million resulting in a before tax gain on sale of property, plant and equipment 
of $13.6 million and a $1.0 million before tax gain on sale of exploration and evaluation assets.

Impairment Assessment (2018)

Indicators of impairment were determined to exist in each of Bonavista's CGUs, as a result of a sustained decline in forward 
commodity benchmark prices for natural gas. As such impairment tests were carried out on each of Bonavista's CGUs, the British 
Columbia CGU, the West Central CGU and the Deep Basin CGU. In each impairment test the recoverable amount of the CGU 
was determined to exceed the carrying value and as such no impairment charge was recorded for the year ended December 31, 
2018. Bonavista further determined that there were no sustained changes to factors that led to previously recognized impairment 
to support a reversal.

The recoverable amount of each CGU tested for impairment at December 31, 2018 was determined using the methodology and 
assumptions noted below.

• 

British Columbia CGU, located mainly in northeast British Columbia near Fort St. John, composed of primarily natural gas 
and natural gas liquids reserves. The estimated recoverable amount of the British Columbia CGU as at December 31, 2018
was  calculated  to  be  $22.9  million. The  recoverable  amount  was  determined  using  the  fair  value  less  costs  of  disposal 
methodology which is designated as Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 76

•  West Central CGU, located between Calgary and Drayton Valley, Alberta, composed of primarily natural gas and natural gas 
liquids reserves. The estimated recoverable amount of the West Central CGU as at December 31, 2018 was calculated to 
be $1,413.9 million. The recoverable amount was determined using the value in use methodology.

•  Deep Basin CGU, located between Edmonton and Fox Creek, Alberta, composed of primarily natural gas reserves. The 
estimated recoverable amount of the Deep Basin CGU as at December 31, 2018 was calculated to be $960.5 million. The 
recoverable amount was determined using the value in use methodology.

The  proved  plus  probable  reserve  values  were  based  on  Bonavista's  December 31,  2018  reserve  report  as  prepared  by  its 
independent reserve engineer GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. The recoverable amount of the CGUs were estimated based on 
proved plus probable reserve values using before-tax discount rates specific to the underlying composition of reserve categories 
and risk profile residing in each CGU. The discount rates applied to the different reserve categories ranged from eight to 15 
percent when the value in use methodology was used and ten to 20 percent when the fair value less costs of disposal methodology 
was used. Key input estimates used in the determination of cash flows from Bonavista's oil and gas reserves included: quantities 
of reserves and future production; forward commodity pricing as prepared by the average of four independent reserve engineer 
evaluators; development costs; operating costs; royalty obligations; abandonment costs; and discount rates. 

Forward Commodity Prices used in the December 31, 2018 Impairment Test(1)

Year

Edmonton Light Crude Oil

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

(CDN$/bbl)
66.93
74.99
79.71
82.91
86.33
88.28
90.35
92.60
94.48
96.41
2.0%/year

WTI Oil

(US$/bbl)
58.44
63.75
67.28
70.50
73.55
75.27
77.03
78.90
80.49
82.11
2.0%/year

AECO Gas Foreign Exchange Rate

(CDN$/MMBtu)
1.85
2.28
2.68
2.99
3.21
3.37
3.51
3.59
3.68
3.77
2.0%/year

(US$/CDN$)
0.7575
0.7763
0.7900
0.8000
0.8050
0.8063
0.8063
0.8063
0.8063
0.8063
0.8063

(1) 

The average of GLJ Petroleum Consultants, McDaniel & Associates Consultants, Sproule and Deloitte Research Evaluation & Advisory price forecasts, effective January 1, 2019.

The results of Bonavista's impairment tests are sensitive to changes in any of the key estimates of which changes could decrease 
or increase the recoverable amounts of assets and result in impairment charges or in the recovery of previously recorded impairment 
charges.

Impairment Assessment (2017)

At December 31, 2017, indicators of impairment were determined to exist in two of Bonavista's CGUs, Central Alberta CGU and 
British Columbia CGU, as a result of the combination of a sustained decline in forward commodity benchmark prices for natural 
gas, a reduction in future development plans and negative technical reserve revisions. As such impairment tests were carried 
out on both the Central Alberta CGU and British Columbia CGU resulting in a total impairment charge of $215.0 million. 

The  proved  plus  probable  reserve  values  were  based  on  Bonavista's  December 31,  2017  reserve  report  as  prepared  by  its 
independent reserve engineer GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. The estimated recoverable amount of the British Columbia CGU 
was determined to be $22.3 million as at December 31, 2017 using the fair value less costs of disposal methodology. The estimated 
recoverable amount of the Central Alberta CGU was determined to be $1,047.9 million as at December 31, 2017 using the value 
in use methodology. The recoverable amount of the CGUs were estimated based on proved plus probable reserve values using 
before-tax discount rates specific to the underlying composition of reserve categories and risk profile residing in each CGU. The 
discount rates used ranged from eight to 15 percent. 

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 77

Forward Commodity Prices used in the December 31, 2017 Impairment Test(1)

Year

Edmonton Light Crude Oil

2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter

(CDN$/bbl)
67.80
71.08
73.53
77.98
81.64
83.56
85.74
87.94
90.00
91.82
2.0%/year

WTI Oil

(US$/bbl)
56.88
60.34
63.70
68.50
72.33
74.19
76.08
77.98
79.76
81.36
2.0%/year

AECO Gas Foreign Exchange Rate

(CDN$/MMBtu)
2.33
2.65
3.08
3.35
3.56
3.67
3.83
3.97
4.06
4.16
2.0%/year

(US$/CDN$)
0.7875
0.8000
0.8187
0.8337
0.8425
0.8450
0.8450
0.8450
0.8450
0.8450
0.8450

(1) 

The average of GLJ Petroleum Consultants, McDaniel & Associates Consultants, Sproule and Deloitte Research Evaluation & Advisory price forecasts, effective January 1, 2018.

12.  Exploration and evaluation ("E&E") assets

Carrying amount

($ thousands)
Balance as at December 31, 2016

Additions

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Transfers to property, plant and equipment

Balance as at December 31, 2017

Additions

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Transfers to property, plant and equipment

Balance as at December 31, 2018

144,569

11,620

7,479

(1,168)

(24,269)

138,231

8,746

11,210

(106)

(32,064)

126,017

Bonavista's E&E assets consist of exploration and development projects which are pending the determination of proved or probable 
reserves and production. Additions in 2018 and 2017 represent Bonavista's share of costs incurred on E&E assets during the 
year. 

Impairment Assessment (2018)

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista determined that indicators of impairment existed with respect to its E&E assets largely as a 
result of changes in future development plans as a result of the decline in forward commodity benchmark prices and as such an 
impairment test was performed. It was determined that the recoverable amount of Bonavista's E&E assets exceeded the carrying 
value and, as such, no impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Further, there was no impairment recorded as a result of the mandatory impairment assessment on the transfer of exploration 
and evaluation assets to property, plant and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Impairment Assessment (2017)

At December 31, 2017, it was determined that indicators of impairment existed with respect to its E&E assets largely as a result 
of a reduction in future development plans in certain areas and as such an impairment test was performed. It was determined 
that the recoverable amount of Bonavista's E&E assets exceeded the carrying value and, as such, no impairment was recorded 
for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Further, there was no impairment recorded as a result of the mandatory impairment assessment on the transfer of exploration 
and evaluation assets to property, plant and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2017.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

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13.  Shareholders' equity

Bonavista is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without nominal or par value, an unlimited number of 
exchangeable shares without nominal or par value and 10,000,000 preferred shares, issuable in series.

The holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared by Bonavista and are entitled to one vote per share. 
Dividends  declared  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  were  $0.04  per  share  (December 31,  2017 -  $0.04 per share). 
Bonavista announces its dividend policy and confirms its dividend payment on a quarterly basis.

On December 14, 2018, Bonavista's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.01 per share, payable in cash to 
shareholders of record on December 31, 2018. The dividend payment date was January 16, 2019.

The exchangeable shares of Bonavista are exchangeable into common shares based on the exchange ratio, which is adjusted 
quarterly, to reflect dividends paid on common shares. As a result, cash dividends are not paid on exchangeable shares. The 
holders of exchangeable shares are entitled to one vote multiplied by the exchange ratio for each exchangeable share.

a. 

Issued and outstanding

Common shares

Balance as at December 31, 2016

Issued on conversion of exchangeable shares

Conversion of restricted incentive and performance incentive awards

Share-based compensation

Balance as at December 31, 2017

Issued on conversion of exchangeable shares

Conversion of restricted incentive and performance incentive awards

Share-based compensation

Balance as at December 31, 2018

Exchangeable shares

Common Shares

Amount

(thousands)

($ thousands)

249,277

2,837,945

30

2,440

—

593

111

13,994

251,747

2,852,643

196

3,510

—

3,849

—

14,439

255,453

2,870,931

Year ended December 31, 2018

Year ended December 31, 2017

Exchangeable Shares

Amount Exchangeable Shares

Amount

(thousands)

($ thousands)

(thousands)

($ thousands)

Balance, beginning of year

Exchanged for common shares

Balance, end of year

Exchange ratio, end of year

Common shares issuable on exchange

3,238

(133)

3,105

1.48526

4,611

93,266

(3,849)

89,417

—

89,417

3,259

(21)

3,238

1.44650

4,684

93,859

(593)

93,266

—

93,266

The holders of Bonavista's exchangeable shares are entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of exchangeable 
shares held multiplied by the exchange ratio in effect. In accordance with the provisions of the Corporation’s exchangeable 
shares, Bonavista may require, at any time, the exchange of outstanding exchangeable shares as determined by the Board 
of Directors on the basis of the exchange ratio in effect on the date set by Bonavista (the “Compulsory Exchange Date”). On 
and after the applicable Compulsory Exchange Date, the holders of Bonavista's exchangeable shares called for exchange 
shall cease to be holders of such Corporation’s exchangeable shares and shall not be entitled to exercise any of the rights 
of holders in respect thereof, other than; (i) the right to receive their proportionate part of the common shares; and (ii) the 
right to receive any declared and unpaid dividends on such common shares.

b.  Share-based compensation

Bonavista has stock option, restricted incentive award and performance incentive award plans, collectively the “long-term 
incentive plans” that entitle officers, directors, employees and certain consultants to receive shares of the Corporation. The 
restricted incentive award plan (the "RIA plan") and performance incentive award plan (the "PIA plan") are the only active 
long-term incentive plans under which Bonavista has shareholder approval to grant new awards. The number of common 
shares available for issue under the RIA plan and the PIA plan is limited to 5% of Bonavista's issued and outstanding common 
shares  including  common  shares  issuable  on  the  exchange  of  outstanding  exchangeable  shares,  as  approved  by 
shareholders. As  at  December 31,  2018,  the  number  of  shares  issuable  under  Bonavista's  long-term  incentive  plans,  in 
aggregate represented 2.73% of the issued and outstanding common shares including common shares issuable on the 
conversion of outstanding exchangeable shares.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 79

Share-based  compensation  expense  recognized  during  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  was  $10.4  million                        
(December 31, 2017 - $15.7 million). For the year ended December 31, 2018, $0.7 million of share-based compensation 
expense was capitalized to property, plant and equipment (December 31, 2017 - $1.4 million). As at December 31, 2018, 
the balance of contributed surplus attributable to share-based compensation awards was $53.2 million (December 31, 2017
- $56.5 million). 

Stock Option Plan 

At December 31, 2018, there were 34,000 stock option awards outstanding (December 31, 2017 - 65,400) with a weighted 
average exercise price of $15.71 per share (December 31, 2017 - $16.75 per share). Bonavista has discontinued the stock 
option plan, however the stock option plan will continue until all stock options granted under the plan have been exercised 
or have expired. All stock options awards outstanding will expire by December 31, 2019.

Restricted incentive award plan 

Bonavista’s RIA plan provides compensation to directors, officers, employees and certain consultants based on the notional 
number of underlying common shares. 

Vesting arrangements are within the discretion of the Board of Directors, but unless otherwise determined by the Board of 
Directors, all awards granted under the RIA plan vest evenly in three tranches, over a period of three years from the date of 
grant. On the vesting date, the holder will receive, cash or equivalent common shares for each restricted incentive award, 
including dividends made on the common shares from the date of the grant up to and including the vesting date, net of the 
statutory withholding tax.

The fair value of restricted incentive awards is determined at the date of grant by using the closing price(2) of Bonavista's 
common shares. The amount of share-based compensation expense is reduced by an estimated forfeiture rate, which has 
been estimated to range from one to 12 percent for outstanding restricted incentive awards. The estimated weighted average 
fair  value  of  restricted  incentive  awards  granted  during  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  was  $1.96  per  award 
(December 31, 2017 - $4.80 per award). The fair value is recognized as share-based compensation expense over the vesting 
period with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. Upon the conversion of the restricted incentive awards, on the 
predetermined vesting dates, the value in contributed surplus pertaining to the awards is recorded as shareholders' capital.

The following table summarizes the awards outstanding under the RIA plan at December 31:

Balance as at December 31, 2016

Granted
Reinvestment(1)
Vested

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2017

Granted
Reinvestment(1)
Vested

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2018

(1)        Reinvestment of dividends earned during the period outstanding.
(2)        Weighted average trading price of twenty days preceding the grant date and expected dividends.

Restricted Incentive
Awards

2,943,177

2,871,761

47,673

(2,438,370)

(219,031)

3,205,210

2,664,639

112,279

(2,650,006)

(352,555)

2,979,567

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 80

 
 
Performance incentive award plan 

Bonavista’s PIA plan provides compensation to directors, officers, certain employees and eligible consultants based on the 
notional number of underlying common shares.

Awards granted under the PIA plan vest thirty-nine months from the initial date of grant and the number of common shares 
issued for each award is subject to a performance multiplier ranging from 0 to 2. The payout multiplier is dependent on the 
performance of Bonavista at the end of the vesting period relative to corporate performance measures determined at the 
discretion of the Board of Directors. The number of common shares issued for each performance incentive award granted 
is also adjusted for the payment of dividends from the date of grant to the payment date. On the payment date, Bonavista 
has sole and absolute discretion to settle the performance incentive awards in the form of either cash or common shares, 
or some combination thereof, however, it is Bonavista's intention to settle the performance incentive awards in the form of 
common shares.

The fair value of performance incentive awards is determined at the date of grant by using the closing price(2) of Bonavista's 
common  shares,  multiplied  by  the  estimated  performance  multiplier.  For  the  purposes  of  share-based  compensation  a 
performance  multiplier  of  between  1.00  and  1.10  has  been  assumed  for  awards  granted.  Fluctuations  in  share-based 
compensation  expense  may  occur  due  to  changes  in  estimates  of  performance  outcomes. The  amount  of  share-based 
compensation expense is reduced by an estimated forfeiture rate, which has been estimated to range from two to 18 percent 
for outstanding performance incentive awards. The estimated weighted average fair value of PIAs granted during the year
ended December 31, 2018 was $1.96 per award (December 31, 2017 - $4.88 per award). Awards granted under the PIA 
plan vest thirty-nine months from the initial date of grant.

The following table summarizes the awards outstanding under the performance incentive award plan at December 31:

Balance as at December 31, 2016

Granted
Reinvestment(1)
Vested

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2017

Granted
Reinvestment(1)
Vested

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2018

Performance Incentive
Awards

1,881,519

1,578,666

37,583

(1,336)

(97,460)

3,398,972
1,747,150

160,993

(859,676)

(324,734)

4,122,705

(1)        Reinvestment of dividends earned during the period outstanding and awards earned from the performance multiplier on vesting.
(2)        Weighted average trading price of the twenty days preceding the grant date and expected dividends.

c.  Per share amounts

The following table summarizes the weighted average common shares and exchangeable shares used in calculating net 
income (loss) per equivalent share:

(thousands)
Common shares

Exchangeable shares converted at the exchange ratio

Basic equivalent shares

Restricted incentive awards

Performance incentive awards

Diluted equivalent shares

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

254,087

4,694

258,781

2,881

4,009

265,671

250,850

4,709

255,559

3,116

3,371

262,046

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 81

14.  Long-term debt

($ thousands)
Bank credit facility(1)
Senior unsecured notes(1)(2)
Total long-term debt

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

11,968

789,657

801,625

71,549

728,995

800,544

(1) 

(2) 

Includes debt issue costs calculated using the effective interest rate method, of which $1.0 million (December 31, 2017 - $1.4 million) pertains to the bank credit facility and $1.1 million 
(December 31, 2017 - $1.4 million) pertains to senior unsecured notes.
Senior unsecured notes consist of CDN$20.0 million and US$565.0 million valued using the exchange rate at December 31, 2018 of $1.3641 CDN to $1.0000 US dollar (December 31, 
2017 - $1.2573 CDN to $1.0000 US dollar).

a.  Bank credit facility

Bonavista has a bank credit facility of $500 million, provided by a syndicate of eight domestic banks. There is an accordion 
feature providing that at any time during the term, on participation of any existing or additional lenders, Bonavista can increase 
the bank credit facility by $100 million. The bank credit facility is a four year revolving credit facility and may, at the request 
of Bonavista with the consent of the lenders, be extended on an annual basis beyond the existing term. The current maturity 
date of the bank credit facility is September 10, 2021. Bonavista also has in place a $50 million demand working capital 
facility, which is subject to the same covenants as the bank credit facility. 

The bank credit facility provides that advances may be made by way of Canadian prime rate loans, bankers' acceptances 
and/or US dollar LIBOR advances. These advances bear interest at the banks' prime rate and/or at money market rates plus 
a stamping fee. The total stamping fees range between 50 basis points and 215 basis points on Canadian bank prime and 
US base rate borrowings and between 150 basis points and 315 basis points on Canadian dollar bankers' acceptance and 
US dollar LIBOR borrowings. The undrawn portion of the bank credit facility is subject to a standby fee in the range of 30 to 
63 basis points. For the year ended December 31, 2018, borrowing costs averaged 4.0% (December 31, 2017 - 3.6%).

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista had $13.0 million drawn (December 31, 2017 - $72.9 million) on its bank credit facility and 
outstanding  letters  of  credit  of  $17.3  million  (December 31,  2017  -  $18.0  million),  which  reduce  the  available  borrowing 
capacity on its bank credit facility. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Bonavista had no 
amounts drawn on its demand working capital facility.

b.  Senior unsecured notes issued under a master shelf agreement

Bonavista entered into an uncommitted master shelf agreement that allows for an aggregate draw of up to US$125 million 
in notes at a rate equal to the related US treasury rate corresponding to the term of the notes plus an appropriate credit risk 
adjustment at the time of issuance. In 2010, Bonavista drew down US$50 million on the master shelf agreement with a 
coupon rate of 4.86%. Of the US$50 million drawn, US$25 million was repaid on June 4, 2016 and the remaining US$25 
million was repaid on June 4, 2017. 

Bonavista increased its existing master shelf agreement from US$125 million to US$150 million allowing the Corporation to 
draw an additional US$100 million in notes at a rate equal to the related US treasury rate corresponding to the term of the 
notes plus an appropriate credit risk adjustment at the time of issuance. On April 25, 2013, the Corporation drew down US
$100 million on the master shelf agreement with a coupon rate of 3.80% and a maturity date of April 25, 2025. 

c.  Senior unsecured notes not subject to the master shelf agreement

Bonavista issued the following senior unsecured notes by way of a private placement. 

Bonavista's senior unsecured notes, including those senior unsecured notes issued under the master shelf agreement, bear 
fixed interest rates, with a weighted average rate of 4.1% for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The senior 
unsecured notes outstanding have maturity dates ranging from November 2, 2020 to May 23, 2025. On November 2, 2017, 
Bonavista repaid US$90 million with a coupon rate of 3.66%.

The terms and coupon rates of the senior unsecured notes, not subject to the master shelf agreement, are summarized 
below:

Issued Date

November 2, 2010

November 2, 2010

October 25, 2011

May 23, 2013

May 23, 2013

May 23, 2013

Principal

Coupon Rate

US

US

US

US

$160.0 million

$50.0 million

$150.0 million

$85.0 million

CDN $20.0 million

US

$20.0 million

4.37%

4.47%

4.25%

3.68%

4.09%

3.78%

Maturity Dates

November 2, 2020

November 2, 2022

October 25, 2021

May 23, 2023

May 23, 2023

May 23, 2025

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 82

d.  Debt Covenants

Under the terms of the bank credit facility, Bonavista has provided the covenants that its: 

• 

• 

• 

consolidated senior debt borrowing will not exceed three and one half times net income before unrealized gains and 
losses  on  financial  instrument  contracts  and  marketable  securities,  interest,  taxes  and  depreciation,  depletion, 
amortization and impairment; 

consolidated  total  debt  will  not  exceed  three  and  one  half  times  net  income  before  unrealized  gains  and  losses  on 
financial instrument contracts and marketable securities, interest, taxes and depreciation, depletion, amortization and 
impairment; and 

consolidated senior debt borrowing will not exceed one-half of consolidated total debt plus consolidated shareholders' 
equity of the Corporation, in all cases calculated based on a rolling prior four quarters. 

Bonavista’s consolidated senior debt and consolidated total debt were the same at December 31, 2018 and include Bonavista's 
senior unsecured notes issued under the master shelf agreement, senior unsecured notes not subject to the master shelf 
agreement and the bank credit facility. Bonavista's consolidated senior debt may differ from total debt in instances when the 
Corporation issues senior subordinated debt or enters into a significant capital lease obligation or guarantee.

Under  the  terms  of  the  master  shelf  agreement  and  senior  unsecured  notes,  Bonavista  has  provided  similar  significant 
covenants that exist under the bank credit facility. 

At December 31, 2018, Bonavista was in compliance with all covenants under its credit facilities and senior unsecured notes. 
Total long-term debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depletion, depreciation, amortization and impairment ("EBITDA") and 
total senior debt to EBITDA was 2.8 times compared to the covenant of less than 3.5 times and total long-term debt to 
capitalization was 0.35 times compared to the covenant of less than 0.5 times.

15.  Decommissioning liabilities

Bonavista’s decommissioning liabilities results from net ownership interests in oil and natural gas assets including well sites, 
gathering systems and processing facilities. Bonavista estimates the net present value of its total decommissioning liabilities to 
be $430.7 million at December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 - $409.3 million), based on an estimated total future undiscounted 
liability of approximately $874.6 million (December 31, 2017 - $837.3 million). At December 31, 2018 management estimates 
expenditures required to settle the liability will be made over the next 55 years with the majority of payments being made in years 
2051 to 2071. A risk-free rate of approximately 2.2% (December 31, 2017 - 2.3%) based on the Bank of Canada’s long-term risk-
free  bond  rate  and  an  inflation  rate  of  1.8%  (December 31,  2017  -  1.8%)  were  used  to  calculate  the  present  value  of  the 
decommissioning liability as at December 31, 2018.

The following table reconciles Bonavista's provision for its decommissioning liabilities:

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

($ thousands)
Balance, beginning of year

Accretion expense

Liabilities incurred

Liabilities acquired

Liabilities disposed

Liabilities settled
Change in estimate(1)

Balance, end of year

Expected to be incurred within one year

Expected to be incurred beyond one year

(1) 

Relates to changes in estimated costs, discount rates and anticipated settlement dates of decommissioning liabilities.

409,326

8,891

2,219

4,825

(1,999)

(12,318)

19,802

430,746

11,704

419,042

437,922

8,581

5,642

1,034

(14,242)

(17,318)

(12,293)

409,326

16,146

393,180

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 83

16.  Deferred income taxes

The provision for income tax differs from the result which would have been obtained by applying the combined Federal and 
Provincial income tax rates to net income before taxes. The difference results from the following items:

($ thousands)
Income (loss) before taxes
Current statutory income tax rate(1)
Income tax expense (recovery) at current statutory rate

Non-deductible (taxable) portion of realized and unrealized foreign exchange

Change in unrecognized deferred tax liability (asset)

Non-deductible share-based compensation

Other

Deferred income taxes

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

26,914

27%

7,267

2,808

2,808

2,390

(174)

15,099

(44,181)

27%

(11,929)

(3,694)

(3,694)

2,760

306

(16,251)

(1) 

The tax rate consists of the combined federal and provincial statutory tax rates for Bonavista for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

($ thousands)
Deferred income tax liabilities:

Capital assets in excess of tax value

Financial instrument contracts

Debt issue costs

Deferred income tax assets:

Decommissioning liabilities

Non-capital losses

Other liability

Share-based compensation

Issue costs

Deferred income tax liability

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

345,354

18,662

543

(116,172)

(220,620)

(2,986)

(1,099)

(671)

23,011

318,160

7,063

730

(110,395)

(201,841)

(2,378)

(1,937)

(1,490)

7,912

A continuity of the net deferred income tax liability is detailed in the following tables:

($ thousands)
Property, plant and equipment

Decommissioning liabilities

Non-capital losses

Issue costs

Other liability

Debt issue costs

Financial instrument contracts

Share-based compensation

Balance 
December 31, 2016
(Asset)/Liability

Recognized in 
profit and loss
(Recovery)/Expense

Recognized in 
equity
(Asset)/Liability

Balance 
December 31, 2017
(Asset)/Liability

346,796

(118,108)

(175,784)

(2,165)

(2,897)

745

(21,961)

(2,352)

24,274

(28,636)

7,713

(26,057)

675

519

(15)

29,024

526

(16,251)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(111)

(111)

318,160

(110,395)

(201,841)

(1,490)

(2,378)

730

7,063

(1,937)

7,912

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 84

($ thousands)
Property, plant and equipment

Decommissioning liabilities

Non-capital losses

Issue costs

Other liability

Debt issue costs

Financial instrument contracts

Share-based compensation

Balance 
December 31, 2017
(Asset)/Liability

Recognized in 
profit and loss
(Recovery)/Expense

Recognized in 
equity
(Asset)/Liability

Balance 
December 31, 2018
(Asset)/Liability

318,160

(110,395)

(201,841)

(1,490)

(2,378)

730

7,063

(1,937)

7,912

27,194

(5,777)

(18,779)

819

(608)

(187)

11,599

838

15,099

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

345,354

(116,172)

(220,620)

(671)

(2,986)

543

18,662

(1,099)

23,011

The following is a summary of Bonavista's estimated tax pools:

($ thousands)

Canadian oil and gas property expense

Canadian development expense

Canadian exploration expense

Undepreciated capital cost

Non-capital losses

Other

Total

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

435,744

447,826

369,612

218,970

818,029

6,954

482,916

544,348

340,252

242,015

748,026

5,523

2,297,135

2,363,080

Non-capital losses carry forward of $818.0 million (December 31, 2017 - $748.0 million) expire in the years 2028 through 2038.   
Bonavista has capital losses of $36.1 million (December 31, 2017 - $38.0 million) available for carry forward against future capital 
gains indefinitely that are not included in the deferred income tax liability. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
Bonavista paid no tax installments.

17.  Contractual obligations and commitments

The following table is a summary of Bonavista's contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2018:

Total

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023 and
thereafter

($ thousands)
Long-term debt repayments(1)(3)(4)
Interest payments(2)(3)
Office lease(5)
Transportation expenses(6)
Total contractual obligations

801,625

115,159

10,703

147,106

1,074,593

—

218,033

216,268

21,475

—

68,084

13,683

—

299,240

16,400

—

27,651

25,830

32,211

32,582

6,760

31,682

71,024

31,019

3,943

29,732

282,727

265,394

107,597

347,851

(1) 

Long-term debt repayments include the principal payments due on senior unsecured notes. Based on the existing terms of the revolving bank credit facility, the amounts owing under 
this facility are required to be paid on September 10, 2021.
Fixed interest payments on senior unsecured notes.
US dollar payments are converted using the exchange rate at December 31, 2018 of $1.3641 CDN to $1.0000 US dollar.

(2) 
(3) 
(4)  With respect to the long-term debt repayment obligations Bonavista has entered into financial instrument contracts to reduce its exposure to the CDN dollar to the US dollar exchange 

rate associated with the future cash repayments of its US denominated senior unsecured notes. The underlying notional amount of the financial instrument contracts maturing on the 
maturity dates of Bonavista US denominated senior unsecured notes is US$400 million at an average CDN$/US$ rate of $1.3015.

(5)  Office lease expires July 31, 2020.
(6) 

Includes a Long Term Fixed Price (LTFP) contract with TransCanada that commenced November 1, 2017. This 10-year contract contains an early termination policy after 5 years which 
has been assumed to be exercised in the contractual obligation above.

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 85

18.  Supplemental disclosure

a. 

Income statement presentation

Bonavista's statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) is prepared primarily according to the nature of 
expense,  with  the  exception  of  employee  compensation  costs  which  are  included  in  both  operating  and  general  and 
administrative expenses.

The following table details the amount of total employee compensation costs included in the operating and general and 
administrative expenses in the statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss):

($ thousands)
Operating

General and administrative

Total employee compensation costs

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

8,198

21,792

29,990

8,794

23,462

32,256

For the year ended December 31, 2018, $3.0 million (December 31, 2017 - $2.7 million) of employee compensation costs 
were capitalized.

b.  Compensation of key management personnel

Bonavista has determined that its key management personnel includes both officers and directors. Short-term benefits are 
comprised of salaries and directors fees, annual bonuses and other benefits. In addition, share-based compensation provided 
to key management personnel includes awards offered under Bonavista’s long-term incentive plans. 

The following table details remuneration to key management personnel included in general and administrative expenses in 
the statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss).

($ thousands)
Short-term benefits
Share-based payments(1)

Year ended 
 December 31, 2018

Year ended 
 December 31, 2017

3,356

3,068

6,424

3,437

7,661

11,098

(1) 

Share-based payments represent the fair value of restricted incentive and performance incentive awards granted during the period.

c.  Reconciliation of financing liabilities arising from financing activities

The following table provides a detailed breakdown of the cash and non-cash changes in financing liabilities arising from 
financing activities:

Year ended

December 31, 2017 Cash flows

Amortization
of debt
issue costs

Unrealized
foreign
exchange loss

Year ended
December 31, 2018

($ thousands)
Bank credit facility

Senior unsecured notes
Total financial liabilities from
financing activities

71,549

728,995

(60,015)

—

800,544

(60,015)

434

320

754

—

60,342

60,342

11,968

789,657

801,625

BONAVISTA ENERGY CORPORATION

Page 86

CORPORATE INFORMATION

DIRECTORS
Keith A. MacPhail, (2)(3)(5)
Chair
Jason E. Skehar, (5)
President and Chief Executive Officer
Ian S. Brown (1)(4)
David P. Carey (2)(4)
Theresa B.Y. Jang (1)(3)
Michael M. Kanovsky (1)(2)(4)(5)
Robert G. Phillips (3)(4)
Ronald J. Poelzer (1)(5)
Christopher P. Slubicki (2)(3)(5)

(1) Member of the Audit Committee

(2) Member of the Reserves Committee

(3) Member of the Compensation Committee

(4) Member of the Governance and Nominating Committee

(5) Member of the Executive Committee

OFFICERS
Jason E. Skehar,
President and Chief Executive Officer

Bruce W. Jensen,
Chief Operating Officer

Dean M. Kobelka,
Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer

Rochelle L. Estep,
Vice President, Strategy and Planning

Colin J. Ranger,
Vice President, Operations

Lynda J. Robinson,
Vice President, Human Resources and Administration

Scott W. Shimek,
Vice President, Resource Development

Grant A. Zawalsky,
Corporate Secretary

AUDITORS

KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Calgary, Alberta

BANKERS

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce 
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Bank of Montreal 
Royal Bank of Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia
National Bank of Canada
Alberta Treasury Branches
Caisse Centrale Desjardins                                            
Calgary, Alberta                                                         

ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS

GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta

LEGAL COUNSEL

Burnet, Duckworth & Palmer LLP
Calgary, Alberta

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT

Computershare Trust Company of Canada
Calgary, Alberta

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING

Toronto Stock Exchange
Trading Symbol “BNP”

HEAD OFFICE
1500, 525 – 8th Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta T2P 1G1
Telephone:  (403) 213-4300
Facsimile:  (403) 262-5184
Email:  investor.relations@bonavistaenergy.com
Website:  www.bonavistaenergy.com

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Jason E. Skehar  
President and CEO

or

Dean M. Kobelka
Vice President, Finance and CFO