B o r d e r s & S o u t h e r n P e t r o l e u m P l c A n n u a l r e p o r t a n d a c c o u n t s 2 0 1 3 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Annual report and accounts 2013 Oil and gas exploration and appraisal About us Borders & Southern is an independent oil and gas exploration company. Headquartered in London, the Company’s principal area of activity is in the Falkland Islands. The Company holds a 100% operated interest in three Production licences covering an area of nearly 10,000 square kilometres. In 2012 Borders & Southern made a significant gas condensate discovery with its first exploration well. The company is currently working towards the appraisal of this discovery along with further exploration of the surrounding area. In this report Strategic report Chairman’s statement Our business model Operations review Our strategy Principal risks and uncertainties Corporate responsibility Governance Corporate governance Board of directors Directors’ report Remuneration Committee report Financial statements Independent auditor’s report 18 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 20 Consolidated statement of financial position Consolidated statement of changes in equity Company statement of financial position Company statement of changes in equity Consolidated statement of cash flows Company statement of cash flows Notes to the financial statements Corporate directory 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 44 02 04 06 08 10 11 12 13 14 17 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 36 37 38 35 39 40 41 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 018 019 020 59 60 61 62 63 64 71 72 73 Exploration and appraisal drilling in the South Atlantic 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 36 37 38 35 39 40 41 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Toroa Darwin gas condensate discovery 018 019 020 59 60 Stebbing 61 62 63 64 For all the up-to-date share price information and latest news, visit www.bordersandsouthern.com 71 72 73 01 Strategic reportGovernanceFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Chairman’s statement with Harry Dobson, Non-executive Chairman Our ongoing technical evaluation of Darwin has increased our confidence in the quality of the discovery. that a suitable partner will be secured and that we will participate in a 2015 drilling programme to appraise Darwin. From an operations point of view we safely acquired additional 3D seismic data in 2013. The objective of the survey was to track the Darwin reservoir over nearby prospects that had previously been mapped on 2D data. The fast track data has been received and interpreted and early signs are that amplitude anomalies, that represent hydrocarbons on the Darwin structure, can be seen on other prospects. At this stage we are careful not to reach conclusions too soon and have just commenced assessing prospects and their associated risks using the final processed 2013 data and newly reprocessed 2008 seismic data. Looking forward, following the interpretation of the new data, we plan to release an updated assessment of Darwin’s recoverable resource and in due course provide some comments on the Lower Cretaceous prospects along trend from Darwin. Our main focus however continues to be on the farmout and we will report to shareholders as soon as an agreement has been reached. Our balance sheet remains strong and we have enough funds to undertake all necessary work in the interim. Harry Dobson Non-executive Chairman 19 May 2014 2013 was a very active year for the Company as we drove forward the technical evaluation of our Darwin gas condensate discovery and initiated a programme to bring partners into our Licences to help fund the next phase of appraisal and exploration drilling. Whilst we have been really encouraged by the ongoing technical assessment of Darwin, which has confirmed the quality of the discovery, we are frustrated that the farmout process is taking longer than originally anticipated. We believe that this is a reflection of the current commercial environment in the international E&P sector. Whilst the oil price has remained relatively stable, the industry has lacked positive news stories. Exploration success has been limited, mid-sized companies (and the majors) are in restructuring mode and onshore US shale plays have attracted a significant proportion of the available capital. In the UK, the AIM Oil & Gas index – a good proxy for international early stage E&P – fell for the third year in a row in 2013, along with many fully listed independents. Our challenge has been to attract the significant capital resources we need to a remote area outside of current industry hot spots such as Africa. That said, we have had a good response to the farmout and have been extremely encouraged by other companies’ views on the sub-surface data, endorsing our own interpretations. Darwin appears to be a relatively simple discovery with good quality reservoir. We have been very close to completing a farmout, having negotiated commercial terms, only for transactions to break down at the last minute due to external factors unrelated to the project. Needless to say, we will only close a farmout transaction on terms we believe will deliver full value to all of our shareholders. In the last quarter of 2013, in anticipation of closing out a farmout, we initiated a rig search for a harsh environment, deep water rig for the next drilling campaign. When our farmout negotiations broke down we passed over the lead for the rig contract negotiations to our Falkland Islands rig consortium partners. Even though we will not have secured a partner prior to the signature of the rig contract, we will be able to join the consortium at a later stage. We remain confident 02 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 “ The Darwin discovery is a relatively simple structure with a good quality reservoir” The Darwin reservoir comprises quartz rich, shallow marine sands. Seismic data indicates they are laterally continuous across both fault blocks. Darwin West is structurally higher than Darwin East and may contain additional reservoir intervals not penetrated by the discovery well. South-north seismic line through Darwin West. Geo-schematic diagram of reservoir intervals at Darwin West. The top yellow unit represents the main reservoir interval encountered by the Darwin East well. The lower two units represent potential reservoir intervals that have been identified on the seismic data (the dashed line represents the shared fluid contact). All units exhibit amplitude conformance to structure. If these additional reservoir intervals can be proven by future appraisal wells, it could lead to an increase in the total recoverable resource. 03 Strategic reportGovernanceFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Our business model Our business model is all about value creation through the discovery of hydrocarbons, value addition through appraisal, discovery extension and follow up exploration, then realising that value for our shareholders 1 2 3 Access Explore Appraise Access new opportunities The first stage is to access new opportunities, either through Licence Rounds or Open Door policies. Our Frontier Exploration strategy directs us to focus on untested or emerging basins where significant acreage positions can be accessed at relatively low cost. Comprehensive technical screening prior to access helps mitigate geological risk, however the project risk profile is relatively high at this stage. Economic modeling of fiscal terms and potential discovery volumes is undertaken to ensure project rewards merit the investment decision. Commence operations Our Exploration work is underpinned by rigorous petroleum systems analysis. Operations will typically begin with a 2D seismic survey, with limited financial exposure. If positive results are gained from the 2D survey, giving confidence in a working source rock, reservoirs and trapping geometries, then further investment in 3D seismic will be made. Following detailed analysis of the 3D survey a prospect inventory will be generated, prospects risks and volumetrics assessed. Finally prospects will be high-graded for drilling and a rig mobilised. Assess the commerciality If the drilling campaign results in the successful discovery of hydrocarbons, then an appraisal programme will be executed in order to constrain the resource estimates and to assess the commerciality of a potential development project. Typically, several more wells will be drilled. Coring and reservoir flow tests will be undertaken and exhaustive reservoir studies completed. Positive results from this technical work will lead to detailed facilities engineering studies prior to a Final Investment Decision ahead of proceeding into a Development project. 04 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 4 5 Accrete Monetise p08 Read about our business model in action in our strategy Build a strong position Once a working petroleum system has been demonstrated through the discovery of hydrocarbons, the objective will be to maximise the acreage position and add value to the asset. Near field targets will be tested to extend the discovery and exploration will continue focusing on analogue prospects within the prospect inventory. Alternative play types will also be tested in order to assess the overall value of the acreage. Maximise asset value Partial monetisation can occur at all stages of the business cycle. Partners can be brought into a project soon after Access or during the Exploration, Appraisal and Accrete phases in order to help fund further work. But maximum value will be obtained following the Appraisal and Accrete phases. B&S believes its core skills lie in the pre-development phase of the Exploration and Production cycle and will seek to monetise pre-production or partially monetise and retain a lower interest non-operated role through production. 05 Strategic reportGovernanceFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Operations review with Howard Obee and Peter Fleming Chief Executive’s statement Following a successful year in 2012, during which we made the Darwin gas condensate discovery, the objectives of the past year were partially to increase our understanding of the discovery but primarily to secure a technically competent and financially strong partner. We have made significant strides forward with the technical work, but have yet to sign a farmout agreement. The process is ongoing and it remains our central focus. The year commenced with the acquisition of new 3D seismic data. PGS were awarded the contract for both acquisition and processing. The survey was completed safely and within budget. In total, 1,025 square kilometres were acquired in the area immediately to the north of our existing 3D data, which had been acquired in 2008. Our aim was to enhance our 2D based interpretation to track the Darwin Lower Cretaceous reservoir over adjacent look-alike prospects, gain more information on the deeper untested plays and prospects (such as Sulivan and Stokes) and to reduce the overall risk profile of our prospect inventory. A fast track processed product has already been received and interpreted. Initial interpretations indicate that the Darwin reservoir does indeed extend north-eastwards over the next fault blocks. In addition, we have identified another potential reservoir unit stratigraphically slightly younger than the Darwin reservoir. This interval does not occur over Darwin East or Darwin West, only clipping the edge of the older survey. We currently interpret this younger horizon to represent laterally continuous shallow marine sands similar to Darwin’s reservoir. Amplitude anomalies are observed over previous mapped prospects: Covington, Childs and Clarke. However, it is too early to assess whether these anomalies represent hydrocarbons. The final processed data is required for us to undertake detailed analysis, but this is now with us and a full interpretation has commenced. Reprocessing of the 2008 3D survey occurred at the same time as the new survey processing. This has allowed the two surveys to be merged into one, giving us a total 2,517 square kilometres of 3D seismic data. This will allow us to directly compare the amplitude response of proven hydrocarbons at Darwin East with the amplitudes mapped on nearby prospects. We can already see the quality of the combined data is excellent. We will report further when the work has been completed. Reservoir engineering studies of the discovery continued during the year. Considerable effort has been made to develop geologically and petrophysically more sophisticated reservoir models in order to better assess the recoverable volumes of condensate. As we have previously reported, our current mid case recoverable resource estimate is 200 million barrels of condensate. A potential development would involve six production wells and four gas re-injection wells, having stripped out the liquids. Our intention is to update the estimated recoverable resource, incorporating the new engineering studies and an evaluation of the reprocessed 3D. 06 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 The Board and senior management remain completely focused on securing partners so that we can accelerate the appraisal of Darwin and the exploration of the adjacent areas. Planning for the next drilling campaign has commenced with initial well designs completed and coring and well testing programmes defined. Our current plan is to target two locations on Darwin West and one on Darwin East. This should provide sufficient information to assess the commerciality of the discovery. Final decisions on the appraisal well programme will be made once partners have been brought into the Licence. The Company reported a loss for the year of $3.0 million compared to a loss of $1.3 million for the previous year. This largely reflects the decrease in finance income. Administrative expense decreased slightly to $2.8 million. During the year a further $28.9 million was invested with a large part of this going into a new 3D seismic acquisition programme and the reprocessing of our existing 3D data. At the end of the year the Company held cash and cash equivalents of $23.3 million. This is held in short term treasury deposits, both in dollars and sterling. The cash reserves are sufficient to cover forward overhead costs and all necessary short-term technical studies. However, in order to finance the next drilling campaign, partners will be necessary. Our share price performance during the year has been disappointing. This partially reflects the state of the oil and gas sector, particularly our peer group of exploration–led, AIM listed companies but it also reflects the delay in bringing a partner into our Licences. The market has given us little credit for making what we believe is a significant condensate discovery. The Board and Senior Management remain completely focused on securing partners so that we can accelerate the appraisal of Darwin and exploration of the adjacent areas in order to deliver value to our shareholders. Key Performance Indicators During 2013 the Company’s KPIs were to complete the 3D acquisition, progress the farmout process and further develop the reservoir model for the Darwin discovery. The 3D was acquired during the year and the reservoir model has been enhanced. As noted elsewhere, the farmout process was not concluded during the year and is ongoing. At this stage the Company does not consider financial KPIs appropriate. Howard Obee Chief Executive 19 May 2014 Peter Fleming Finance Director 07 Strategic reportGovernanceFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Our strategy Our long-term strategy is in place and we are making excellent progress Our progress to date 1 2 3 4 5 Access Explore Appraise Accrete Monetise Access Borders & Southern was formed in 2004 with the goal of making significant hydrocarbon discoveries in frontier basins. Our strategy is to identify opportunities, preferably in a non-competitive situation, where we can licence large tracts of acreage with potentially multiple play types and prospects. Our focus is on frontier or emerging basins where we could demonstrate the presence of a regional source rock. Our idea in the Falkland Islands was to test the area to the south of the Islands where folds and tilted fault blocks were identified on sparsely spaced vintage regional seismic lines. Although no structures could be mapped, the fold belt trend had good potential to deliver large-scale structural traps. Our regional work gave us confidence in a good quality Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous marine source rock. We were prepared to take risk on finding a good quality reservoir. In November 2004 we applied for and were successfully awarded an area of approximately 20,000 square kilometres, covering a large section of the east-west trending fold belt. Exploration Exploration commenced in 2005 with the acquisition of 2,862 kilometres of non-exclusive 2D seismic data. This data proved that numerous robust structural traps existed within our acreage. However, the 2D data did not provide enough insight into potential hydrocarbon charged reservoir. At that stage the technical risk had been reduced, but not enough to merit drilling. Funds were raised and 1,492 square kilometres of 3D seismic was acquired in 2008. It was this data that significantly reduced the risk profile of the project giving us confidence on the presence of reservoir and hydrocarbons due to compelling direct hydrocarbon indicators – an excellent flat spot was noted on the Darwin structure. Following a major fund raising, a rig contract was signed with the objective of testing two independent prospects: Darwin and Stebbing. In 2012 success was achieved with the Company’s first exploration well, Darwin East, which resulted in a rich 46-49 API condensate discovery. Our current mid case recoverable resource estimate is 200 million barrels. The second well, Stebbing, had very strong hydrocarbon shows but failed to reach its main target due to high pressures making it unsafe to continue to drill. Our initial work commitment was relatively low and financial exposure modest, reflecting the relatively high risk nature of the project. As our knowledge of the geology grew we were able to progressively reduce the technical risks and increase our investment in the area. Having proven the petroleum system, the next stage was to determine whether the successful play type occurred over nearby prospects. In 2013 a new 1,025 square kilometres 3D seismic survey was acquired. The results of the survey will soon be available. 08 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 What’s next? 1 2 3 4 5 Access Explore Appraise Accrete Monetise Appraise and Accrete Our short-term plan is to: — Secure partners — Report on the estimated resource of Darwin — Report on the Early Cretaceous prospects Our mid-term plan is to prepare for the appraisal of Darwin and for the exploration of analogue prospects. A Falkland Islands rig consortium is planning to bring a rig to the area in Q2/Q3 2015. Our aim is to join the consortium and drill appraisal wells on Darwin to assess its commerciality. Our technical work suggests that the Darwin shallow marine sandstone reservoir is laterally continuous. There is a consistent amplitude response on both fault blocks. We believe that one well on Darwin East and two wells on Darwin West should provide enough information for an investment decision. Our prospect inventory contains numerous Early and Late Cretaceous and Tertiary prospects. The next exploration phase is likely to target similar Early Cretaceous tilted fault blocks similar to Darwin such as Covington. Further exploration could focus on Early Cretaceous fans such as Bute, and deep Early Cretaceous prospects such as Sulivan as we look to build on our success. Further possibilities include revisiting the fold play with a test of Fitzroy. Covington prospect, Early Cretaceous shallow marine reservoir. Sulivan prospect, Early Cretaceous fan. 09 Strategic reportGovernanceFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Principal risks and uncertainties Effective risk management The Company regularly monitors its key risks and reviews its management processes and systems to ensure that they are both effective and consistent with good industry practice. This is particularly the case during operations where, as we demonstrated during the 2012 drilling campaign, the Company is required to comply with strict regulations within The Falkland Islands. Risk status key (*RS refers to risk status) Risk increase Risk unchanged Risk decrease Risk Nature of risk RS* Risk mitigation Exploration Health, safety, security and environment incidents Funding risk There are inherent technical and commercial risks in exploration. For example, exploration or appraisal wells can have positive, negative or inconclusive results The Company’s licences are located in a remote, environmentally sensitive, deep-water environment with the commensurate risks to health, safety and security of the people involved and to the environment Throughout the Company’s history, management has been careful to employ experienced technical people and acquire data so that rigorous analysis can be undertaken to understand and mitigate risk before incurring drilling expenditures Before and during operations, the Company has developed and followed detailed project specific health, safety and environmental management procedures The Company is dependent on funding both from its internal resources, existing and new shareholders and from incoming partners to fund future exploration programmes The Company has and continues to work with investors and potential partners to ensure that it has the necessary funds going forward. The next step for the Company is to bring in a partner to help fund the appraisal programme and further exploration and the Company is confident of achieving this Oil price The commercial viability of the Company’s projects is partially dependent upon the oil price Whilst we cannot do anything to influence the oil price, we model our projects using conservative assumptions to ensure they are robust to changes in circumstances Reliance on key personnel The Company is reliant upon a small number of employees to undertake day to day operations Supply chain The Falkland Islands are geographically isolated and, because of political issues, most of the Company’s supplies need to be sourced from the UK The Company has service contracts with key employees that provide for notice periods that would allow sufficient time to source replacements. Also, the Company has a wide network of consultants and other industry experience to call upon for specific areas of expertise and during operations The Company demonstrated during the previous drilling campaign that all the necessary supplies could both be sourced from the UK and brought to the Company’s operations without disruption to the Company’s operations Availability of drilling rigs and services There is a very limited number of harsh environment, deep-water drilling rigs that the Company requires for its operations The rig market conditions appear to be improving as more new builds come into the market to increase supply and oil companies reduce their exploration expenditure and, in doing so, demand for drilling rigs Country risk 10 There is a ongoing dispute over the sovereign status of The Falkland Islands and there is the potential for the fiscal terms of the country to change The British Government strongly supports the Falkland Islanders’ rights for self-determination. A recent referendum recorded an overwhelming majority to continue as a UK overseas territory. The current fiscal terms are internationally competitive to attract investment into the sector and we have no reason to believe that they will change in the foreseeable future Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Corporate responsibility Corporate responsibility at a glance — Committed to conducting business in a responsible and sustainable way — Strong focus on limiting and mitigating environmental impact — Practising good health and safety is of paramount concern — Local suppliers and service providers are contracted where possible — Efforts are made to share logistics and resources with other regional operators The Company is committed to conducting its business in a responsible and sustainable way. During operations, a particular focus is on environmental impact and health and safety to ensure that these operations are conducted using best practice systems and policies. It is a priority of the Company’s board and management that all employees, contractors and suppliers have the necessary experience and competence and are made aware of the policies and procedures developed for operations. Given the geographic isolation and small size of The Falkland Islands, whilst we use local suppliers as much as possible, it was impossible to use local suppliers for all of the goods and services required. As a result, many of the required goods and services are brought into The Falklands during operations. However, as we demonstrated during the 2012 drilling campaign, considerable effort is made to share logistics and resources with other operators in the area to greatly limit cost and the environmental and social impact. The Company introduced policies to comply with the Bribery Act before the 2012 drilling campaign. These policies remain in place and are reviewed regularly. The Strategic report on pages 2 to 11 is issued and signed on behalf of the board by: Howard Obee Chief Executive 19 May 2014 Surf Bay, Falkland Islands 11 Strategic reportGovernanceFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Remuneration Committee The board has a Remuneration Committee comprising the Chairman and two non-executive directors. The members of the Remuneration Committee and their attendance at meetings of the Remuneration Committee during 2013 are detailed in the Directors’ report. The strategy of the Remuneration Committee is to ensure the Company: — remunerates fairly and responsibly. Borders & Southern’s policy is to ensure that the level and composition of remuneration for all employees is competitive and reasonable; — includes both short-term and long-term performance- based components in its remuneration practices; and — benchmarks its remuneration with comparable companies. Audit Committee The board has an Audit Committee comprising the Chairman and two non-executive directors. The members of the Audit Committee and their attendance at meetings of the Audit Committee during 2013 are detailed in the Directors’ report. The objectives of the Audit Committee are to ensure: — the accuracy and integrity of the financial statements and related disclosures; — the keeping of adequate books, records and internal controls; — the auditor is independent and is qualified and its performance is monitored; and — compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Insurances The Company has taken out directors’ and officers’ insurance that provides insurance cover for all directors and senior officers of the Company. This insurance is reviewed annually. Corporate governance The Company is committed to applying robust corporate governance practices across all its activities. The Company does not fully comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (“the Code”) but the board has sought to comply with a number of the provisions of the Code in so far as it considers them to be appropriate to a company of its size and nature. The board The Company recognises that an effective board facilitates the efficient discharge of the duties imposed by law on directors and contributes to the delivery of the Company’s strategic objectives. Accordingly, the Company has structured its board so that it: — has a proper understanding of, and the competencies to deal with, the current and emerging issues in the Company’s business; — exercises independent judgement; and — effectively reviews and challenges management’s performance and exercises independent judgement. The board currently comprises the Chairman, two executive directors and two non-executive directors. Each of the executive directors has extensive knowledge of the oil and gas industry combined with general business and financial skills. All of the directors bring independent judgement to bear on issues of strategy, performance, resources, key appointments and standards. The board meets regularly throughout the year and all the necessary information is supplied to the directors on a timely basis to enable them to discharge their duties effectively. Role of the Chairman Harry Dobson was appointed Chairman of the Company at its inception. As Chairman, he is responsible for the effective running of the board and for ensuring that it plays a constructive role in the development of the Company. Together with the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman sets and runs the agenda for board meetings. Roles of the non-executive directors The non-executive directors bring a wealth of business experience to the board and its committees. They provide independent views on the Company’s performance, operations and strategy. All directors retire by rotation. 12 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Board of directors 1 3 5 2 4 1 Harry Dobson (Non-executive Chairman) Harry Dobson is a former investment banker and senior partner of Yorkton Securities. He currently engages in various merchant banking and venture capital activities in North America and Europe, and has acted as Chairman of a number of resource companies (including American Pacific Mining Company Inc. and Lytton Minerals Limited). He is currently the Chairman of Kirkland Lake Gold Inc. (a Toronto Stock Exchange and AIM quoted company) and Rambler Metals and Mining plc (an AIM quoted company). He is experienced in the organisation and funding of resource projects, including those located in inaccessible locations. Harry is Chairman of the Remuneration Committee and sits on the Audit Committee. 2 Howard Obee (Chief Executive) 3 Peter Fleming (Finance Director) Howard Obee was appointed Chief Executive when the Company was incorporated in June 2004. He has a PhD in structural geology from Imperial College and has spent 29 years in the oil industry, initially with BP (1985–1992), and subsequently with BHP Billiton (1992–2004). He trained as an exploration geologist and has held numerous technical and commercial roles, incorporating exploration, new ventures, strategic planning and business development. He has experience of executing seismic and drilling programmes in frontier basins, including those in deep water. Peter Fleming has over 22 years of upstream oil and gas experience, the majority of which was gained at BHP Billiton both in London and Melbourne. Whilst at BHP Billiton, Peter held senior positions in exploration and business development, investment evaluation, acquisitions and disposals and strategic planning. Prior to joining BHP Billiton, he worked for Bridge Oil and Banque Indosuez. He holds masters degrees in business administration and finance. 4 Stephen Posford (Non-executive Director) 5 Nigel Hurst-Brown (Non-executive Director) Stephen Posford was a partner of stockbrokers W.Greenwell and Co. In 1986, he became Managing Director of Greenwell Montagu Gilt Edged and in 1989 moved to Salomon Brothers to head up its proprietary trading department in London. He then became Salomon Brothers European CEO before retiring in 1996. Stephen sits on the Audit and Remuneration Committees. Since qualifying as a Chartered Accountant, Nigel Hurst-Brown has pursued a career in fund management. From 1986 to 1990 he was Chairman of Lloyd’s Investment Managers. In 1990 he moved to Mercury Asset Management as a main board Director and following Mercury’s acquisition by Merrill Lynch in 1997 became a Managing Director of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers. Currently he is Chief Executive of Hotchkis and Wiley (UK) Limited and a member of the Executive Committee of its US parent Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management LLC and non-executive Chairman of Central Asia Metals plc. Nigel is Chairman of the Audit Committee and sits on the Remuneration Committee. 13 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2013 The directors present their report and the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013. Directors and their interests The beneficial and other interests of the directors and their families in the share capital at the beginning of the year or the date of their appointment to the board, whichever is later, and at 31 December 2013, were as follows: Harry Dobson Stephen Posford Howard Obee Peter Fleming Nigel Hurst-Brown At 31 December 2013 Number At 31 December 2012 Number 26,670,000 26,670,000 27,500,000 27,500,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 2,200,000 1,530,000 2,200,000 1,530,000 The ordinary shares in which Harry Dobson is interested are held by the Zila Corporation, a company owned by the Whitmill Trust Company Limited, as trustee of The Lotus Trust of which he is a beneficiary. The group has provided the directors with qualifying third party indemnity insurance. Share options Howard Obee Peter Fleming Nigel Hurst-Brown Number of options held at the beginning of the year 1,300,000 1,300,000 250,000 Number of options held at the end of the year Fair value of options Exercise price Vesting period 1,300,000 24–30 pence 48–58 pence three years 1,300,000 24–30 pence 48–58 pence three years 250,000 32 pence 58 pence three years Substantial shareholders At 28 March 2014 the following held 3% or more of the nominal value of the Company’s shares carrying voting rights: Landsdowne Partners Limited Partnership Allianz Global Investors Ignis Investment Services Limited Stephen Posford The Capital Research Global Investors Zila Corporation M&G Investment Management Vestra Wealth Barclays Wealth 14 Number of ordinary shares % of share capital 67,613,605 42,296,549 32,301,428 27,500,000 27,293,100 26,670,000 19,650,444 19,057,783 14,673,450 13.97% 8.74% 6.67% 5.68% 5.64% 5.51% 4.06% 3.94% 3.03% Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Domicile The parent company of the group, Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc, is a public limited company and is registered and domiciled in England. Results and dividends The group statement of comprehensive income is set out on page 20 and shows the result for the year. The directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2012: $nil). Review of business and future developments A review on the operations of the group is contained in the Operations review on pages 6 to 7. Post reporting date events There are no events that have occurred since the year end which require reporting. Charitable and political donations There were no political or charitable contributions made by the Company or the group during the year (2012: $nil). Financial instruments Details of the use of financial instruments by the Company and its subsidiary undertaking are contained in note 20 of the financial statements. Directors’ responsibilities The directors are responsible for preparing the Directors’ report, the Strategic report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have prepared the group and Company financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and elected to prepare the company financial statements in accordance with IFRSs. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and Company and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. The directors are also required to prepare financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: — select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; — make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; — state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; — prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business. The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 15 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Directors’ report continued for the year ended 31 December 2013 Number of board meetings during the year Attendance Harry Dobson Howard Obee Peter Fleming Nigel Hurst-Brown Stephen Posford Board Remuneration Committee Audit Committee 3 3 3 3 3 1 — — 1 1 2 — — 2 2 Website publication The directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual report and the financial statements are made available on a website. Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the directors. The directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. Auditor All of the current directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any information needed by the Company’s auditor for the purposes of its audit and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. The directors are not aware of any relevant audit information of which the auditor is unaware. BDO LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in office and a resolution to reappoint them will be proposed at the annual general meeting. By order of the board William Slack Company Secretary 19 May 2014 16 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Remuneration Committee report On 18 May 2005, all of the Company’s directors entered into a service agreement with the Company. The strategies the Remuneration Committee uses to set the remuneration of directors and senior management are outlined on page 12. The remuneration of the directors for the year ended 31 December 2013 was as follows: Harry Dobson Stephen Posford Howard Obee Nigel Hurst-Brown Peter Fleming Basic salary $ — 46,960 391,333 62,613 313,067 813,973 Share-based payment $ — — 133,374 — 133,374 Total 2013 $ — 46,960 524,707 62,613 446,441 Total 2012 $ — 12,115 545,327 50,486 495,055 266,748 1,080,721 1,102,983 The share-based payments are the amortisation over the vesting period of the fair value of options issued to directors in previous years. See note 7 for more details. The group does not operate a pension scheme for its directors or employees. 17 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Independent auditor’s report to the members of Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc We have audited the financial statements of Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc for the year ended 31 December 2013 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the company statement of financial position, the company statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows, the company statement of cash flows and the related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors As explained more fully in the statement of directors’ responsibilities, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Financial Reporting Council’s (FRC’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors. Scope of the audit of the financial statements A description of the scope of an audit of financial statements is provided on the FRC’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditscopeukprivate. Opinion on financial statements In our opinion: — the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2013 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; — the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; — the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and — the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 In our opinion the information given in the Strategic report and Directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements. 18 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Matters on which we are required to report by exception We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: — adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or — the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or — certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or — we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. Anthony Perkins (senior statutory auditor) For and on behalf of BDO LLP, statutory auditor London United Kingdom 19 May 2014 BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 19 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2013 Administrative expenses Loss from operations Finance income Finance expense Loss before tax Tax expense Note 2013 $ 2012 $ (2,819,593) (3,125,685) (2,819,593) (3,125,685) 71,163 2,023,224 (207,096) — (2,955,526) (1,102,461) — (178,043) 2 8 8 9 Loss for the year and total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to owners of the parent (2,955,526) (1,280,504) Basic and diluted loss per share (see note 3) (0.6) cents (0.3) cents The notes on pages 27 to 43 form part of the financial statements. 20 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Consolidated statement of financial position at 31 December 2013 2013 $ $ 2012 $ $ 12,801 286,950,378 286,963,179 20,773 258,011,250 258,032,023 1,017,040 23,258,717 30,736 1,544,557 44,715,158 11,719,899 Note 10 11 13 16 16 14 15 Assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Total non-current assets Current assets Other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Restricted use cash Total current assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities Tax payables Trade and other payables Total net assets Equity Share capital Share premium Other reserves Retained deficit Foreign currency reserve Total equity 24,306,493 311,269,672 (185,327) (1,306,889) 309,777,456 8,530,461 308,602,131 2,034,668 (9,373,408) (16,396) 309,777,456 The notes on pages 27 to 43 form part of the financial statements. The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 19 May 2014. Howard Obee Director Peter Fleming Director Company Number: 5147938 57,979,614 316,011,637 (178,043) (3,527,721) 312,305,873 8,530,461 308,602,131 1,607,559 (6,417,882) (16,396) 312,305,873 21 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2013 Share capital $ Share premium reserve $ Other reserves $ Retained deficit $ Foreign currency reserve $ Total $ Balance at 1 January 2012 7,675,453 238,034,095 1,046,565 (5,137,378) (16,396) 241,602,339 Total comprehensive loss for the year Issue of shares Share issue costs Recognition of share-based payments Balance at 31 December 2012 Total comprehensive loss for the year Recognition of share-based payments Balance at 31 December 2013 — — 855,008 73,158,509 (2,590,473) — — — 560,994 — — — (1,280,504) — — — — — — — (1,280,504) 74,013,517 (2,590,473) 560,994 8,530,461 308,602,131 1,607,559 (6,417,882) (16,396) 312,305,873 — — — — — (2,955,526) 427,109 — — — (2,955,526) 427,109 8,530,461 308,602,131 2,034,668 (9,373,408) (16,396) 309,777,456 The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners’ equity: Reserve Share capital Description and purpose This represents the nominal value of shares issued. Share premium Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value. Other reserves Fair value of options issued. Retained deficit Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Foreign currency reserves Differences arising on change of presentation and functional currency to US Dollars. The notes on pages 27 to 43 form part of the financial statements. 22 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Company statement of financial position at 31 December 2013 Assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Investments Total non-current assets Current assets Other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Restricted use cash Total current assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities Tax payable Trade and other payables Total net assets Equity Called up share capital Share premium Other reserves Retained deficit Foreign currency reserve Total equity Note 10 12 2013 $ $ 12,801 2 12,803 2012 $ $ 20,773 2 20,775 13 288,142,760 23,258,717 30,736 259,731,149 44,715,158 11,719,899 14 15 311,432,213 311,445,016 (185,327) (1,306,889) 309,952,800 8,530,461 308,602,131 2,034,668 (9,195,775) (18,685) 309,952,800 The notes on pages 27 to 43 form part of the financial statements. The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 19 May 2014. Howard Obee Director Peter Fleming Director Company Number: 5147938 316,166,206 316,186,981 (178,043) (3,527,721) 312,481,217 8,530,461 308,602,131 1,607,559 (6,240,249) (18,685) 312,481,217 23 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Company statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2013 Share capital $ Share premium reserve $ Other reserves $ Retained deficit $ Foreign currency reserve $ Total $ Balance at 1 January 2012 7,675,453 238,034,095 1,046,565 (4,959,745) (18,685) 241,777,683 Total comprehensive loss for the year Issue of shares Share issue costs Recognition of share-based payments Balance at 31 December 2012 Total comprehensive loss for the year Recognition of share-based payments Balance at 31 December 2013 — — 855,008 73,158,509 (2,590,473) — — — 560,994 — — — (1,280,504) — — — — — — — (1,280,504) 74,013,517 (2,590,473) 560,994 8,530,461 308,602,131 1,607,559 (6,240,249) (18,685) 312,481,217 — — — — — (2,955,526) 427,109 — — — (2,955,526) 427,109 8,530,461 308,602,131 2,034,668 (9,195,775) (18,685) 309,952,800 The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners’ equity: Reserve Share capital Description and purpose This represents the nominal value of shares issued. Share premium Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value. Other reserves Fair value of options issued. Retained deficit Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Foreign currency reserves Differences arising on change of presentation and functional currency to US Dollars. The notes on pages 27 to 43 form part of the financial statements. 24 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2013 Cash flow from operating activities Loss before tax Adjustments for: Depreciation Share-based payment Net finance costs/(income) Realised foreign exchange (losses)/gains Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital Decrease/(increase) in other receivables (Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities Cash flows used in investing activities Interest received Purchase of intangible assets Purchase of property, plant and equipment Note 2013 $ $ 2012 $ $ (2,955,526) (1,102,461) 9,248 427,109 135,933 49,243 (2,333,993) 527,517 (2,087,083) (3,893,559) 4,000 560,994 (2,023,224) 532,591 (2,028,100) (454) 11,248 (2,017,306) 71,163 (28,939,128) (1,276) 225,545 (191,181,369) (4,144) Net cash used in investing activities (28,869,241) (190,959,968) Cash flows from financing Proceeds from issue of shares Cash flows from financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 16 Exchange gain/(loss) on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrow at the end of the year Cash and cash equivalents Restricted use cash — 71,423,044 — (32,762,800) 56,435,057 (382,804) 23,289,453 23,258,717 30,736 71,423,044 (121,554,230) 176,724,199 1,265,088 56,435,057 44,715,158 11,719,899 25 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Company statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2013 Cash flow from operating activities Loss before tax Adjustments for: Depreciation Share-based payment Net finance costs/(income) Realised foreign exchange (losses)/gains Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital Decrease/(increase) in other receivables Decrease in trade and other payables Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Note 2013 $ $ 2012 $ $ (2,955,526) (1,102,461) 9,248 427,109 135,933 49,243 (2,333,993) 527,517 (2,087,083) (3,893,559) 4,000 560,994 (2,023,224) 532,591 (2,028,100) (1,239,136) (122,232) (3,389,468) Interest received 71,163 Increase in amounts due from group undertaking (28,939,128) Purchase of property, plant and equipment (1,276) 225,545 (189,809,207) (4,144) Net cash from investing activities Cash flows from financing Proceeds from issue of shares Cash flows from financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year Exchange (loss)/gain on cash and cash equivalents 16 Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrow at the end of the year Cash and cash equivalents Restricted use cash (28,869,241) (189,587,806) — 71,423,044 — (32,762,800) 56,435,057 (382,804) 23,289,453 23,258,717 30,736 71,423,044 (121,554,230) 176,724,199 1,265,088 56,435,057 44,715,158 11,719,899 26 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2013 1 Accounting policies Basis of preparation The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below and have been consistently applied to all years presented. These consolidated and parent financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs and IFRIC interpretations) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as adopted by the European Union and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies preparing their accounts under IFRS. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. New and revised standards effective for 31 December 2013 year end There were no new standards issued in respect of the year ended 31 December 2013 that were relevant for adoption by the group. New and revised standards issued but not effective for 31 December 2013 year end There were no new standards issued but not effective for the year ended 31 December 2013 that would be relevant for adoption by the group. Basis of consolidation Where the Company has the power, either directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of another entity or business so as to obtain benefits from its activities, it is classified as a subsidiary. The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its subsidiaries (“the group”) as if they formed a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full. Loss for the financial year The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own income statement in these financial statements. The group loss for the year includes a loss after tax of $2,955,526 (2012: loss after tax of $1,280,504) which is dealt with in the financial statements of the parent company. The Company’s investments in subsidiaries The parent company’s subsidiaries are carried at cost less amounts provided for impairment. Finance income Finance income consists of interest on cash deposits and foreign exchange gains. Segment reporting Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the board of directors. Property, plant and equipment Office equipment is initially recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on office equipment so as to write off the cost, less any estimated residual value, over their expected useful economic life as follows: Office equipment 33 1/3% Assets are depreciated from the date of acquisition and on a straight line basis. 27 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 1 Accounting policies continued Exploration and evaluation expenditure The group applies the requirements of IFRS 6 Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in respect of its exploration and evaluation expenditure. The requirements of IFRS 6 are not applied to expenditure incurred by the group before legal title to explore for and evaluate hydrocarbon resources in a specific area, generally referred to as pre-licence expenditure. Likewise the group do not apply the requirements of IFRS 6 after the point at which the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting hydrocarbons are demonstrable. The costs of exploring for and evaluating hydrocarbon resources are accumulated and capitalised as intangible assets by reference to appropriate cash-generating units (CGU), generally referred to as full cost accounting. Such CGUs have been determined by the group to be a Darwin CGU and a Stebbing CGU and are noted as not being larger than an operating segment as determined in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating segments. Capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure may include, amongst other costs, costs of licence acquisition, third party technical services and studies, seismic acquisition, exploration drilling and testing but do not include general overheads. Any property, plant and equipment (PPE) acquired for use in exploration and evaluation activities is classified as property, plant and equipment. However, to the extent that such PPE is consumed in developing an intangible exploration and evaluation asset the amount reflecting that consumption is recorded as part of the cost of the intangible exploration and evaluation asset. Intangible exploration and evaluation assets are not depreciated and are carried forward, subject to the provisions of the group’s impairment of exploration and evaluation policy, until the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting hydrocarbons are demonstrable. At such point exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment and any impairment loss is recognised before reclassification of the assets to a category of property, plant and equipment. Impairment of exploration and evaluation expenditure The group’s exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of the exploration and evaluation assets may exceed the assets recoverable amount. In accordance with IFRS 6 the group firstly considers the following facts and circumstances in their assessment of whether the group’s exploration and evaluation assets may be impaired: — whether the period for which the group has the right to explore in a specific area has expired during the period or will expire in the near future, and is not expected to be renewed; — whether substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in a specific area is neither budgeted nor planned; — whether exploration for and evaluation of hydrocarbons in a specific area have not led to the discovery of commercially viable quantities of hydrocarbons and the group has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area; and — whether sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development in a specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. If any such facts or circumstances are noted, the group, as a next step, perform an impairment test in accordance with the provisions of IAS 36. In such circumstances the aggregate carrying value of the exploration and evaluations assets is compared against the expected recoverable amount of the CGU. The recoverable amount is the higher of value in use and the fair value less costs to sell. The group has identified two cash-generating units, a Darwin CGU and a Stebbing CGU. In accordance with the provisions of IFRS 6 the level identified for the purposes of assessing the group’s exploration and evaluation assets for impairment may comprise one or more cash-generating units. 28 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 1 Accounting policies continued Provisions A provision is recognised in the statement of financial position when the group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Foreign currencies Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into US Dollars at the exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into US Dollars at the closing rates at the reporting date and the exchange differences are included in the statement of comprehensive income. The functional and presentational currency of the parent and all group companies is the US Dollar. Operating leases Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to the statement of comprehensive income on a straight line basis over the lease term. Share-based payments The fair value of employee share option plans is calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Non-employee options granted as part of consideration for services rendered are valued at the fair value of those services. Where information on the fair value of services rendered is not readily available, the fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model. In accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based payments the resulting cost is charged to the statement of comprehensive income over the vesting period of the options. The amount of charge is adjusted each year to reflect expected and actual levels of options vesting. Where equity-settled share options are awarded, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to the statement of comprehensive income over the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each reporting date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually vest. Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted. As long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions are satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition. Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income over the remaining vesting period. Financial instruments Financial instruments are initially recorded at fair value. Subsequent measurement depends on the designation of the instrument, as follows: — Trade and other receivables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective rate of interest, net of allowances for impairment. — Trade and other payables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective rate of interest. — Financial instruments issued by group companies are treated as equity only to the extent that they do not meet the definition of a financial liability. The group’s and Company’s ordinary shares are all classified as equity instruments. — Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash at bank on demand and balances on deposit with an original maturity of three months or less. Some of these funds are held in restricted deposits or escrow accounts as security for suppliers to the Company. 29 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 1 Accounting policies continued Taxes The major components of tax on the profit or loss include current and deferred tax. Current tax is based upon the profit or loss for the year adjusted for items that are non-assessable or disallowed and is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted, or substantively enacted, by the reporting date. Tax is charged or credited to the statement of comprehensive income, except where the tax relates to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the tax is also dealt within equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the statement of financial position differs to its tax base. Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the difference can be utilised. The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when deferred tax liabilities and assets are settled or recovered. Critical accounting estimates and judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. If in the future such estimates and assumptions, which are based on management’s best judgement at the date of the financial statements, deviate from the actual circumstances, the original estimates and assumptions will be modified as appropriate in the year in which the circumstances change. Where necessary, the comparatives will be reclassified from the previously reported results to take into accounts presentational changes. Management has made the following judgements which have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the financial statements: Recoverability of exploration and evaluation costs Expenditure is capitalised as an intangible asset by reference to appropriate CGUs and is assessed for impairment when circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may exceed its recoverable value. This assessment involves judgement as to: (i) the timing of future development of the asset; (ii) funding structures and financing costs of development; (iii) commercial development opportunities for extracting value from the asset; and (iv) modelling inputs such as the appropriateness of discount rates, reserve and resource estimates, oil and gas pricing predictions, etc. Share options The group’s share-based payments were recognised at fair value using a 75% volatility rate based on long-term average standard deviation of the Company’s share price and a 1% risk free rate based on current UK Government bond yields. See note 7. 30 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 2 Loss from operations Staff costs (note 5) Share-based payment – equity settled Services provided by the auditor: Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the parent company and consolidated annual accounts Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services: – Tax services – Extended audit services Depreciation of office equipment Operating lease expenses – property Foreign exchange loss/(gain) 2013 $ 2012 $ 1,185,338 1,305,596 427,109 560,994 69,250 84,400 2,473 61,418 9,248 294,475 207,096 14,000 — 4,000 284,338 (1,797,679) 3 Basic and dilutive loss per share The calculation of the basic and diluted loss per share is based on the loss attributable to ordinary shareholders divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year. The loss for the financial year for the group was $2,955,526 (2012: loss $1,280,504) and the weighted average number of shares in issue for the year was 484,098,484 (2012: 463,145,812). During the year the potential ordinary shares are anti-dilutive and therefore diluted loss per share has not been presented. At the reporting date, there were 6,150,000 (2012: 5,500,000) potentially dilutive ordinary shares being the share options (see note 7). 4 Segment analysis The Company operates in one operating segment (exploration for oil and gas) and in substantially one geographical market (the Falkland Islands); therefore no additional segmental information is presented. Of the group’s total non-current assets, the property, plant and equipment is based in the UK and all other non-current assets are located in the Falkland Islands. 31 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 5 Staff costs Company and group Staff costs (including directors) comprise: Wages and salaries Employer’s national insurance contribution Share-based payment – equity settled 2013 $ 2012 $ 1,048,773 1,152,106 136,565 153,490 1,185,338 1,305,596 427,109 446,899 1,612,447 1,752,495 The average number of employees (including directors) employed during the year by the Company was six (2012: six) and for the group was six (2012: six). All employees and directors of the group and the Company are considered to be the key management personnel. Of the $427,109 (2012: $560,994) share-based payment charge included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, $427,109 (2012: $446,899) has been charged in respect of share options granted to staff (including directors) in the current and prior years. The remaining $nil (2012: $114,095) relates to share options granted to external parties; see note 7 for further details. 6 Directors’ emoluments The directors’ emoluments for the year are as follows: Directors’ fees Share-based payments – equity settled 2013 $ 813,973 266,748 2012 $ 738,700 364,283 1,080,721 1,102,983 The fees and share-based payments made to each director are disclosed in the Remuneration Committee report. During the year, the highest paid director received total cash remuneration of $391,333 (2012: $299,587). In 2009, the group granted to three directors of Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc, for nil consideration, 250,000 share options each, with a total fair value of $374,446. Of this amount $nil (2012: $103,000) has been expensed during the year. In 2011, the group granted to two directors of Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc, for nil consideration, 1,000,000 share options each, with a total fair value of $774,447. Of this amount $266,748 (2012: $261,283) has been expensed during the year. 32 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 7 Share-based payment In October 2013, the group granted 600,000 share options to an employee of the group. The options vest after three years and expire after ten years. Because of the difficulty in measuring the fair value of the services received, this has been determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted. A Black-Scholes model has been used to determine the fair value of options granted (see below). 31 December 2013 31 December 2012 Weighted average exercise price Number Weighted average exercise price Number Outstanding at the beginning of the year 50p 5,500,000 52p 5,300,000 Exercised during the year Granted during the year Outstanding at the end of the year Exercisable at the end of the year 15p 47p 56p 600,000 6,150,000 2,250,000 (200,000) 400,000 5,500,000 2,050,000 24p 50p 60p The weighted average contractual life of the options outstanding at the year end was eight years (2012: eight years). The range of exercise prices of share options outstanding at the end of the year is 15p–74p (2012: 24p–74p). The following information is relevant in the determination of the fair value of the options granted during the year under the scheme operated by the Company. Equity-settled scheme Option pricing model used Weighted average share price at grant date Exercise price Weighted average contractual life (days) Expected volatility Risk-free interest rate Fair value of options 31 December 2013 31 December 2012 Black-Scholes Black-Scholes 15p 15p 1,460 75% 1.25% 9p 24p 24p 1,460 75% 1.0% 13p 33 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 8 Finance income and expense Finance income Bank interest received Foreign exchange gain Finance expense Bank interest paid Foreign exchange loss 2013 $ 2012 $ 71,163 225,545 — 1,797,679 71,163 2,023,224 2013 $ — 207,096 207,096 2012 $ — — — 34 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 9 Tax expense Current tax expense UK corporation tax on loss for the year at 23% (2012: 24.5%) Total current and deferred tax for the year 2013 $ — — 2012 $ 178,043 178,043 Factors affecting current year tax charge The reasons for the difference between the actual tax charge for the year and the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK applied to losses for the year are as follows: Loss before and after taxation Standard rate corporation tax charge at 23% (2012: 24.5%) Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Capital allowances in excess of depreciation Unrelieved tax losses arising in the period Small companies relief Total current and deferred tax for the year 2013 $ 2012 $ (2,955,526) (1,102,461) (687,059) 483,440 2,150 201,469 — — (270,103) 520,000 (521) (53,571) (17,762) 178,043 Factors that may affect future tax charges The group has a deferred tax asset of approximately $201,652 (2012: $nil) in respect of unrelieved tax losses of approximately $866,661 at 31 December 2013 (2012: $nil). The rate of tax used in the calculation of the deferred tax asset is 20% (2012: 23%). The deferred tax asset has not been recognised in the financial statements as the timing of the economic benefit is uncertain. 35 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Office equipment $ 107,906 4,144 112,050 87,277 4,000 91,277 20,773 20,629 Office equipment $ 112,050 1,276 113,326 91,277 9,248 100,525 12,801 10 Property, plant and equipment Group and company Cost As at 1 January 2012 Additions As at 31 December 2012 Depreciation As at 1 January 2012 Charge for the year As at 31 December 2012 Net book value As at 31 December 2012 As at 31 December 2011 Cost As at 1 January 2013 Additions As at 31 December 2013 Depreciation As at 1 January 2013 Charge for the year As at 31 December 2013 Net book value As at 31 December 2013 36 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 11 Intangible assets Group Cost As at 1 January 2012 Additions As at 31 December 2012 Net book value As at 31 December 2012 As at 31 December 2011 Group Cost As at 1 January 2013 Additions As at 31 December 2013 Net book value As at 31 December 2013 Exploration and evaluation costs $ 64,643,520 193,367,730 258,011,250 258,011,250 64,643,520 Exploration and evaluation costs $ 258,011,250 28,939,128 286,950,378 286,950,378 On 8 November 2012 the Company received approval from the Falkland Islands Government to proceed into the Second Term for Production Licences PL018, PL019 and part of PL020. The other part of PL020, Licence PL021 and PL022 were relinquished. The second term of the licences expires on 1 November 2017. 37 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 12 Investments in subsidiary Company Cost As at 1 January and 31 December Net book value As at 31 December 2013 $ 2 2 2012 $ 2 2 The Company owns the one ordinary £1 subscriber share, being 100% of the issued share capital, in Borders & Southern Falkland Islands Limited. The company was registered in England and its principal activity is oil and gas exploration. 13 Other receivables Amounts owed by group undertakings Other receivables Prepayments and accrued income Group 2013 $ — 2012 $ Company 2013 $ 2012 $ — 287,125,726 258,186,598 247,392 769,648 1,481,056 63,501 247,392 769,642 1,481,056 63,495 1,017,040 1,544,557 288,142,760 259,731,149 All amounts shown under receivables fall due for payment within one year. Amounts owed by group undertakings are not interest bearing and are payable on demand. 14 Trade and other payables Trade payables Other taxes and social security costs Accruals and deferred income Group 2013 $ 612,699 48,403 645,787 2012 $ 2,013,333 47,706 1,466,682 Company 2013 $ 612,699 48,403 645,787 2012 $ 2,013,333 47,706 1,466,682 1,306,889 3,527,721 1,306,889 3,527,721 38 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 15 Share capital Authorised 750,000,000 ordinary shares of 1 pence each (2012: 750,000,000) 484,098,484 ordinary shares of 1 pence each (2012: 484,098,484) Allotted, called up and fully paid shares Brought forward Shares issued in year Carried forward Share capital Brought forward Shares issued in year Carried forward Share premium Brought forward Shares issued in year Carried forward 16 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted use cash Group and company Cash available on demand Cash on deposit Restricted use cash Total 2013 2012 14,926,125 14,926,125 8,530,461 8,530,461 484,098,484 428,578,404 — 55,520,080 484,098,484 484,098,484 2013 $ 2012 $ 8,530,461 7,675,453 — 855,008 8,530,461 8,530,461 308,602,131 238,034,095 — 70,568,036 308,602,131 308,602,131 2013 $ 2012 $ 1,820,722 4,296,872 21,437,995 40,418,286 30,736 11,719,899 23,289,453 56,435,057 Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash at bank on demand and balances on deposit with an original maturity of three months or less. Restricted use cash is made up of deposits used as security for funds held in an escrow account in both cases to provide suppliers with security of payment. 39 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 17 Related party transactions Company During the year Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc paid expenses of $29,939,128 (2012: $193,217,525) on behalf of Borders & Southern Falkland Islands Limited. At the year end $287,125,726 (2012: $258,186,598) was due from the subsidiary. The employees and directors of the group and the Company are considered to be the key management personnel. There were no transactions between the group, the Company and the key management personnel during the year. The remuneration paid to the key management personnel is disclosed in note 6. 18 Commitments The total future value of minimum lease payments on office property is due as follows: Not later than one year Land and buildings 2013 $ 2012 $ 79,543 148,430 During 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with PGS Geophysical AS for the acquisition of 3D seismic. This seismic was acquired during 2013 and there is $750,000 outstanding under this contract which will be paid during 2014 according to the terms of the contract. 19 Events after the reporting period There were no reportable events post reporting date. 40 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 20 Financial instruments The main risks arising from the group’s operations are cash flow interest rate risk, foreign currency translation risk and credit risk. The group monitors risk on a regular basis and takes appropriate measures to ensure risks are managed in a controlled manner. Liquidity is not considered to be a risk due to the sufficient cash funds readily available by the group at the year end. The group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them. There have been no substantive changes in the group’s exposure to financial instrument risks, its objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them from previous periods unless otherwise stated in the note. Principal financial instruments The principal financial instruments used by the group from which financial instrument risk arises, held by category, are as follows: — other receivables; — cash and cash equivalents; and — trade and other payables. The fair values of the group’s financial assets and liabilities at 31 December 2013 and as at 31 December 2012 are materially equivalent to the carrying value as disclosed in the statement of financial position and related notes. a) Cash flow interest rate risk The group is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk from monies held at bank and on deposit at variable rates. The considerations below and the figures quoted are the same for both group and Company. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities accrue interest at prevailing floating rates in the United Kingdom or at pre-arranged fixed rates, as described further below. The group does not currently use derivative instruments to manage its interest rate risk. At 31 December 2013 the group held cash at bank and in deposits under its control of $23,289,453 (2012: $56,435,057) which forms the majority of the group’s working capital. Of the cash at bank and in deposit, $1,820,722 (2012: $4,296,872) relates to deposits placed with banking institutions that are available on demand which carry interest at prevailing United Kingdom deposit floating rates. The balance represents cash on term deposit of $21,437,995 (2012: $40,418,286) with a weighted average fixed interest rate of 0.2% (2012: 0.2%) for three months. The group also held cash in escrow accounts of $30,736 (2012: $11,719,899). If there were 1% change in interest rates the impact on the statement of comprehensive income would be $232,895 (2012: $564,351). 41 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc 20 Financial instruments continued Principal financial instruments continued b) Foreign currency risk The operational currency of the oil and gas exploration and evaluation activities of the group is US$ and the group’s functional and presentational currency is US$. Foreign exchange risk arises because the group’s services and treasury function is UK Sterling, which results in gains or losses on retranslation into US$. To minimise this foreign currency risk cash balances are held in both £ Sterling and US$. The foreign currency profile of financial assets and liabilities of the group and the Company are as follows: Current financial assets Held in UK£: Other receivables Group Company Other receivables measured at amortised cost 2013 $ Other receivables measured at amortised cost 2012 $ Other receivables measured at amortised cost 2013 $ Other receivables measured at amortised cost 2012 $ 992,179 801,484 992,179 801,484 Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrow 22,887,958 41,576,326 22,887,958 41,576,326 Total current financial assets held in UK£ 23,880,137 42,377,810 23,880,137 42,377,810 Held in US$: Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Total financial assets 24,861 729,034 287,150,587 258,915,627 401,495 14,858,731 401,495 14,858,731 24,306,493 57,965,575 311,432,219 316,152,168 If there were a 10% change in the year end exchange rate there would be a movement in the US$ equivalent of financial assets held in UK£ of $2,288,796 (2012: $4,157,633) for the group and Company. Group Company Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 2013 $ Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 2012 $ Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 2013 $ Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 2012 $ 1,306,889 1,306,889 3,527,721 3,527,721 1,306,889 1,306,889 3,527,721 3,527,721 Held in UK£: Trade and other payables Total financial liabilities If there were a 10% change in the year end exchange rate there would be a movement in the US$ equivalent of financial liabilities held in the UK£ of $130,689 (2012: $352,772) for the group and Company. 42 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013Notes to the financial statements continuedfor the year ended 31 December 2013 20 Financial instruments continued Principal financial instruments continued c) Credit risk Neither the group nor the Company have customers so formal credit procedures are in the process of being established. During drilling operations, the group incurred 100% of costs that were shared with other companies and these were invoiced to these companies with all amounts due for these shared costs paid to the group during the year. Credit risk on cash balances is managed by only banking with reputable financial institutions with a high credit rating. The only significant concentration of credit risk on an ongoing basis is cash held at bank and the maximum credit risk exposure for the group and Company is detailed in the table below: 2013 Carrying value $ Maximum exposure $ 2012 Carrying value $ Maximum exposure $ Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrow 23,289,453 23,289,453 56,435,057 56,435,057 Maximum credit risk exposure 23,289,453 23,289,453 56,435,057 56,435,057 The Company has a credit risk exposure to the loans to group companies which is expected to be removed when these loans are repaid through successful exploitation of the Company’s oil and gas discoveries. Capital The objective of the directors is to maximise shareholder return and minimise risk by keeping a reasonable balance between debt and equity. To date the group has minimised risk by being purely equity financed. The group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, accumulated retained deficit and other reserves. 43 GovernanceStrategic reportFinancial statementsAnnual report and accounts 2013 | Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc Corporate directory Directors Harry Dobson Howard Obee Peter Fleming Stephen Posford Nigel Hurst-Brown Secretary William Slack Registered office One Fleet Place London EC4M 7WS Business address 33 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4JS Nominated advisor and joint broker Panmure Gordon & Co One New Change London EC4M 9AF Joint broker Joint broker Mirabaud Securities LLP 33 Grosvenor Place London SW1X 7HY Pareto Securities Ltd 8 Angel Court London EC2R 7HJ Solicitors Registrars Bankers Independent auditor Dentons UKMEA LLP One Fleet Place London EC4M 7WS Capita Asset Services Northern House Woodsome Park Fenay Bridge Huddersfield HD8 0LA Lloyds TSB Bank plc 19–21 The Quadrant Richmond Surrey TW9 1BP HSBC Bank plc 69 Pall Mall London SW1Y 5EZ BDO LLP 55 Baker Street London W1U 7EU 44 Borders & Southern Petroleum Plc | Annual report and accounts 2013 33 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4JS United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)20 7661 9348 Fax: +44 (0)20 7661 8055 info@bordersandsouthern.com www.bordersandsouthern.com B o r d e r s & S o u t h e r n P e t r o l e u m P l c A n n u a l r e p o r t a n d a c c o u n t s 2 0 1 3 B o r d e r s & S o u t h e r n P e t r o l e u m P l c A n n u a l r e p o r t a n d a c c o u n t s 2 0 1 3