C&F Financial Corporation
Annual Report 2007

Plain-text annual report

3600 LaGrange Parkway Toano, Virginia 23168 757-741-2201 802 Main Street PO Box 391 West Point, VA 23181 www.cffc.com B U I L D I N G F O R S U C C E S S B U I L D I N G F O R S U C C E S S We Believe Excellence is the standard for all we do, achieved by encouraging and nourishing: respect for others; honest, open communication; individual development and satisfaction; a sense of ownership and responsibility for the Corporation’s success; participation, cooperation, and teamwork; creativity, innovation, and initiative; prudent risk-taking; and recognition and rewards for achievement. We must conduct ourselves morally and ethically at all times and in all relationships. We have an obligation to the well-being of all the communities we serve. That our officers and staff are our most important assets, making the critical difference in how the Corporation performs; and, through their work and effort, separates us from all competitors. C&F Financial Corporation is a one-bank holding company providing a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses through its subsidiaries. C&F Bank (Citizens and Farmers Bank) offers quality banking services to individuals and businesses through 18 retail branches located from Hampton to Richmond. C&F Mortgage Corporation originates and sells residential mortgages throughout Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Through its subsidiaries, C&F Mortgage provides ancillary mortgage loan production services for loan settlement, residential appraisals and title insurance. C&F Finance Company specializes in new and used automobile lending in Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee. C&F Investment Services, Inc. provides a full range of securities brokerage, life and health insurance and investment services to individuals and businesses through the Bank’s 18 retail branch locations. STOCK LISTING Current market quotations for the common stock of C&F Financial Corporation are available under the symbol CFFI. STOCK TRANSFER AGENT American Stock Transfer & Trust Company serves as transfer agent for the Corporation. You may write them at: 59 Maiden Lane, Plaza Level New York, NY 10038 telephone them toll-free at: 1-800-937-5449 or visit their website at: www.amstock.com INVESTOR RELATIONS & FINANCIAL STATEMENTS C&F Financial Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, may be obtained without charge by visiting the Corporation’s website at www.cffc.com. Copies of these documents can also be obtained without charge upon written request. Requests for this or other financial information about C&F Financial Corporation should be directed to: Thomas Cherry Executive Vice President, CFO & Secretary C&F Financial Corporation P.O. Box 391 West Point, VA 23181 C&F Annual Report 2007 C&F Annual Report 2007 In 2007, C&F Financial Corporation held its traditional place as a top performer in Virginia and National Peer Group Comparisons, despite the slowdown in the national economy. Our return on average assets and return on average equity, although lower than last year, exceeded that of our peers. 2007 in Review NET INCOME (In Thousands) $11,198 $11,788 $12,129 $12,919 $8,480 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 EARNINGS PER SHARE (Assuming Dilution) $3.42 $3.00 $3.36 $3.71 $2.68 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 21.32% RETURN ON AVERAGE EQUITY 16.78% 17.70% 18.97% 12.09% 11.86% 12.33% 11.93% 2003 2004 2005 2006 RETURN ON AVERAGE ASSETS 2.35% 1.91% 1.82% 1.75% 1.08% 1.07% 1.11% 1.07% 13.03% 10.28% 2007 1.13% .96% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Peer Comparison Source: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) Bank Holding Company Performance Report – 2007 data is through 9/30. C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 1 Letter from the President On behalf of the Board of Directors, I am pleased to present C&F Financial Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report. Without question, 2007 was one of the most difficult years for the Corporation, as well as the entire financial services industry, especially from an earnings standpoint. I wish that I could state that the worst is behind us, but unfortunately, I believe that 2008 will be as challenging. Some of the causes for our decline in earnings were anticipated due to our growth initiatives; however, many were not and they were essentially out of our control. Net income for 2007 was $8.5 million vs. $12.1 million earned in 2006 (2006 includes a one-time gain of $728 thousand, after taxes, in connection with the payoff of a previously non-performing commercial loan). This result- ed in a return on average equity of 13.03% and a return on average assets of 1.13% for 2007 compared to 18.97% and 1.75%, respectively, for 2006. Total assets increased from $734 million at the end of 2006 to $786 million at the end of 2007, with loans increasing by over $68 million. This loan growth was almost evenly split between our Bank and our Finance Company. Deposits declined from $533 million to $528 million due to several large deposit cus- tomers making substantial withdrawals for preplanned projects, as well as our decision to reduce funding from high-cost certificates of deposit held by customers that had no other financial services relationship with us. The decline in 2007 earnings was a result of several factors. First, we opened four new branches within a 15-month period beginning in January of 2006. Typically, it takes three to five years for a de novo branch to become profitable. In the past, we have limited our branch openings to no more than one per year because of the overhead burden associated with each opening. We knew that opening four branches within such a short period would impact earnings by approximately $1 million in the first year. In addition, we knew C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 2 that our new operations center, which we moved into in could not afford to make larger payments when interest rates December of 2005, would be a strain on earnings for several went up. years. Given that these facilities were investments in our future, we decided that it was prudent to accept the negative impact on our earnings. These events have ultimately led to the failure of many mortgage companies and to huge write-offs for many larger banks and Wall Street investment firms who purchased What we did not anticipate, however, were the issues mortgage-backed investments. This, in turn, has resulted in a arising from subprime and alterna- tive mortgage loan products and the repercussions these issues would have on the financial mar- kets. For the past several years, we have been aware that the practices of the mortgage industry regarding subprime loans, “low-doc” loans (where income and assets are not verified), variable rate loans, and no or low down payment loans were very risky. Even though we offered tightening of credit and a reduction in liquidity for all the financial markets. This is where the problems have had an impact on C&F. With the Federal Reserve Bank attempting to correct the situation, their primary tool has been to reduce short-term interest rates. While this may be the correct long- term decision, it has greatly reduced the earnings on C&F’s loan port- folio at the Bank because approxi- these products through our mortgage company in order to mately half of its loans are indexed to the Prime interest rate. be competitive with other companies, we felt the risks When Prime drops, our interest income immediately declines. involved were mitigated by underwriting to criteria set by However, our source of funding for these loans, primarily investors who commit to purchasing these loans. deposits, does not reprice simultaneously with the decline in The fallout from the subprime and alternative loan issues on our company has been minimal, thus far, relative to the considerable repercussions to the mortgage industry. It is now evident that many mortgage loans were made to individuals whose credit was overextended and therefore at default risk when real estate market values declined and interest rates rose in 2007. When home prices started dropping, those who had borrowed 100 percent of the price, loan interest rates. Compounding the deposit repricing dis- parity is the fact that larger banks, who in the past have had other sources of funds besides deposits, have not been able to tap into those sources of liquidity and have therefore been more aggressive in their pricing of deposit products. Because of this increased competition, our cost of funds has been much higher than would normally be expected and our interest margin has declined. or near that, saw the debt on their homes exceed what In addition to the pressure on margins at the Bank, the the homes were now worth. Those with variable rate loans outlook for production over the next year at the Mortgage C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 3 Company is not very optimistic, even with the lower interest Asset quality continues to be good at the Bank. rates, because of the reduction in home prices, as well as the Fortunately, the Bank did not make any of the types of real reduction in the availability of subprime and alternative loan estate loans that are plaguing the industry; therefore, our res- products. One might think that lower prices would automat- idential real estate portfolio is in good shape. Our commer- ically mean more buyer demand, but with the recent drop cial loan customers who are involved in land development in home prices the equity in peoples’ current homes has and home construction have experienced a slowdown in their been greatly diminished. This makes fewer individuals eligible to either refinance their home or sell it and move up. The result is fewer eligible borrowers and thus less loan production. Unlike the Bank, the interest rate on the Finance Company’s loan portfolio is fairly stable. However, a significant portion of their funding is indexed to one-month LIBOR. As businesses; however, they appear to have the financial stability to weather this storm. Most saw the issues coming early enough to cut back on their businesses. This protects our loan portfolio, but we are experiencing a decline in loan demand and thus growth. We have continued to make enhancements to the company, both through market expansion as a result of the recent interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, well as product offerings. At the Bank, in 2007, we opened the Finance Company’s cost of borrowings has declined by our Patterson Avenue office (west of Richmond) and our virtue of a decline in LIBOR. This will result in an increase in Chesterfield office; at the Mortgage Company, we opened this business segment’s margins, which positively impacts offices in Fairfax, Fishersville and Harrisonburg; at the earnings. In addition, due to the recent expansion of our Finance Company, we began servicing the Northern consumer finance business into the Northern Kentucky/ Kentucky/Cincinnati, OH and Greensboro, NC markets. Cincinnati, OH and Greensboro, NC markets, as well as Each of these expansions is anticipated to contribute to our higher loan production throughout the rest of the company, profitability on a long-term basis. loan volumes and thus interest income have increased. At the Bank, we have continued to increase our product The Finance Company experienced higher loan charge-offs offerings by expanding our cash management services for our in 2007, which in combination with loan growth, resulted in commercial customers and enhancing our internet banking a higher provision for loan losses. As long as their charge-offs services. One of our new services allows our commercial do not increase substantially, we expect their earnings to customers to make their non-cash deposits without leaving increase in 2008. their office. This service, which is often referred to as “Remote C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 4 Deposit Capture,” gives the customer an efficient platform Many thanks to our dedicated staff, and the direction for making deposits throughout the day as they are not of our Board of Directors, both through the good times and restricted to the standard 2 o’clock p.m. cut-off time to now these that are challenging. Without their efforts this com- receive same-day deposit credit. pany could not have accomplished so much over the years. We’ve had two recent events that bring us great sadness. We are also grateful to you for your continued confidence. In September, Sture G. Olsson, who had served as a director With your support and patronage, we can accomplish much. of the company until 2000, and had given 47 years of excep- We look forward to serving you in 2008 and the years ahead. tional service, died suddenly. Sture was one of those individ- uals who gave so freely of his time and resources to help not only the companies and foundations that he was involved with but maybe more importantly to the West Point commu- nity that he loved so dearly. Sture was the “E. F. Hutton” of Larry G. Dillon Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer the C&F Board; when he spoke, everyone else listened as he had a great ability to get right to the heart of any issue. We at C&F are truly thankful for the many years of guidance that he gave the Company. We also recently accepted with regret the resignation of Thomas B. Whitmore Jr. from the Bank’s Board. Tom had served on the Board since 1984, giving us nearly 23 years of guidance. Tom is truly a gentleman’s gentleman and he will be greatly missed. We believe that 2008 will be as challenging as 2007; however, we are focused on managing through the issues facing each of our core business segments. We expect that our businesses will be affected by the continued slow down in the housing industry and the economy in general, potential increased unemployment and its inevitable impact on credit quality and the effect of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve. Despite this, our diversified business strategy and our strong balance sheet will allow us to continue to invest in and grow our company. C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 5 Listed left to right: Joshua H. Lawson, Audrey D. Holmes, Bryan E. McKernon, Barry R. Chernack, Larry G. Dillon, J. P. Causey Jr., Paul C. Robinson, C. Elis Olsson, William E. O’Connell Jr., James H. Hudson III (not pictured Thomas B. Whitmore Jr.) DIRECTORS & OFFICERS C&F FINANCIAL CORPORATION C&F BANK BOARD OF DIRECTORS J. P. Causey Jr.*+ Executive Vice President, Secretary & General Counsel Chesapeake Corporation Barry R. Chernack*+ Retired Partner PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Larry G. Dillon *+ Chairman, President & CEO C&F Financial Corporation Citizens and Farmers Bank Audrey D. Holmes*+ Attorney-at-Law Audrey D. Holmes, Attorney-at-Law James H. Hudson III*+ Attorney-at-Law Hudson & Bondurant, P.C. Joshua H. Lawson*+ President Thrift Insurance Corporation Bryan E. McKernon+ President & CEO C&F Mortgage Corporation William E. O’Connell Jr.*+ Chessie Professor of Business, Emeritus The College of William and Mary C. Elis Olsson*+ Director of Operations Martinair, Inc. Paul C. Robinson*+ Owner & President Francisco, Robinson & Associates, Realtors C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 6 Thomas B. Whitmore Jr.+ Retired President Whitmore Chevrolet, Oldsmobile, Pontiac Co., Inc. * C&F Financial Corporation Board Member + C&F Bank Board Member SANDSTON / VARINA ADVISORY BOARD Robert A. Canfield Attorney-at-Law Canfield Baer LLP E. Ray Jernigan Business Owner Citizens Machine Shop S. Floyd Mays Insurance Agent/Owner Floyd Mays Insurance James M. Mehfoud Pharmacist/Business Owner Sandston Pharmacy Robert F. Nelson Jr. Professional Engineer Engineering Design Associates Reginald H. Nelson IV Senior Partner Colonial Acres Farm John G. Ragsdale II Business Owner Sandston Cleaners Philip T. Rutledge Jr. Retired Deputy County Manager County of Henrico Sandra W. Seelmann Real Estate Broker/Owner Varina & Seelmann Realty C&F BANK RICHMOND BOARD Jeffery W. Jones Chairman & CEO WFofR, Incorporated S. Craig Lane President Lane & Hamner, P.C. J. Charles Link President C&F Bank/Richmond William E. O’Connell Jr. Chessie Professor of Business, Emeritus The College of William and Mary Meade A. Spotts President Spotts, Fain, P.C. Scott E. Strickler Treasurer Robins Insurance Agency, Inc. C&F MORTGAGE CORPORATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS J. P. Causey Jr. Executive Vice President, Secretary & General Counsel Chesapeake Corporation Larry G. Dillon Chairman of the Board James H. Hudson III Attorney-at-Law Hudson & Bondurant, P.C. Bryan E. McKernon President & CEO C&F Mortgage Corporation William E. O’Connell Jr. Chessie Professor of Business, Emeritus The College of William and Mary Paul C. Robinson Owner & President Francisco, Robinson & Associates, Realtors INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. Winchester, Virginia CORPORATE COUNSEL Hudson & Bondurant, P.C. West Point, Virginia OFFICERS & LOCATIONS C&F BANK ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES 802 Main Street West Point, Virginia 23181 (804) 843-2360 3600 LaGrange Parkway Toano, Virginia 23168 (757) 741-2201 Larry G. Dillon * Chairman, President & CEO Thomas F. Cherry * Executive Vice President, CFO & Secretary Ronald P. Espy Senior Vice President & Senior Lending Officer Laura H. Shreaves Senior Vice President & Director of Human Resources William J. Callaghan Vice President, Information Technology E. Turner Coggin Vice President, Senior Loan Underwriter Sandra S. Fryer Vice President, Special Projects Leader Deborah H. Hall Vice President, Credit Administration Donna M. Haviland Vice President, Director of Internal Audit Ellen M. Howard Vice President & Loan Operations Manager Deborah R. Nichols Vice President, Quality Control Mary-Jo Rawson Vice President & Controller Helga H. Ridenhour Vice President, Retail Banking Laura C. Ross Director, Treasury Solutions Christopher A. Spillare Vice President & Treasurer Evelyn M. Townsend Vice President, Operations * Officers of C&F Financial Corporation CHESTER, VIRGINIA William C. Scott Branch Manager HAMPTON, VIRGINIA Jackie W. Norman Branch Manager MECHANICSVILLE, VIRGINIA Wanda N. Hassler Vice President & Branch Manager MIDLOTHIAN, VIRGINIA Jesse E. Bullard Vice President & Branch Manager NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA Meagan L. Stevens Branch Manager NORGE, VIRGINIA Robert J. Unangst Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager PROVIDENCE FORGE, VIRGINIA James D. W. King Vice President & Branch Manager QUINTON, VIRGINIA Sandra C. St. Clair Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Broad Street Kevin L. Ford Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Patterson Avenue Valerie H. Boteilho Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager VARINA, VIRGINIA Timothy R. Martin Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager Tracy E. Pendleton Vice President & Area Credit Manager SALUDA, VIRGINIA Elizabeth B. Faudree Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager SANDSTON, VIRGINIA Katherine P. Buckner Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager WEST POINT, VIRGINIA Main Street Karen T. Richardson Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager WEST POINT, VIRGINIA 14th Street Donna T. Callis Branch Manager WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA Jamestown Road Alec J. Nuttall Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA Longhill Road Cynthia W. Tatum Branch Manager YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA Jeffrey A. Mercer Assistant Vice President & Branch Manager CONSTRUCTION LENDING OFFICE C&F Center 1400 Alverser Drive Midlothian, Virginia 23113 (804) 858-8351 Terrence C. Gates Vice President, Real Estate Construction C&F BANK / RICHMOND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE C&F Center 1400 Alverser Drive Midlothian, Virginia 23113 (804) 378-0332 J. Charles Link President Charles T. Nuttle Vice President, Commercial Lending David L. Shaffer Vice President, Commercial Lending C&F BANK / PENINSULA ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE City Center 11815 Fountain Way, Suite 410 Newport News, Virginia 23606 (757) 952-1670 Vern E. Lockwood II President Lorie D. Sarrett Vice President, Commercial Lending Bonnie S. Smith Vice President, Real Estate Lending C&F INVESTMENT SERVICES, INC. 802 Main Street West Point, Virginia 23181 (804)843-4584 or (800) 583-3863 Eric F. Nost President MIDLOTHIAN, VIRGINIA Douglas L. Hartz Vice President RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Bruce D. French Assistant Vice President WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA Douglas L. Cash Jr. Vice President C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 7 OFFICERS & LOCATIONS C&F MORTGAGE CORPORATION ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE C&F Center 1400 Alverser Drive Midlothian, Virginia 23113 (804) 858-8300 Bryan E. McKernon President & CEO Mark A. Fox Executive Vice President & COO Donna G. Jarratt Senior Vice President & Chief of Branch Administration Kevin A. McCann Senior Vice President & CFO Tracy L. Bishop Vice President & Human Resources Manager M. Kathy Burley Vice President & Closing Manager Susan L. Driver Vice President & Underwriting Manager Madeline M. Witty Compliance Manager CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA William E. Hamrick Vice President & Branch Manager CHESTER, VIRGINIA Stephen L. Fuller Vice President & Branch Manager FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA Mark C. Canniff, Sr. Branch Manager E. Mike Gleeson Branch Manager E. Rick Soper Branch Manager FISHERSVILLE, VIRGINIA Vickie J. Painter Branch Manager FREDERICKSBURG, VIRGINIA Brian F. Whetzel Branch Manager R.W. Edmondson III Branch Manager HANOVER, VIRGINIA LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA ROANOKE, VIRGINIA John H. Reeves III Vice President & Manager HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA Gloria J. Wright Branch Manager C&F Annual Report 2007 v Page 8 LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA Shirley D. Falwell Branch Manager Andrew N. Shields Branch Manager MIDLOTHIAN, VIRGINIA Donald R. Jordan Vice President & Branch Manager Daniel J. Murphy Vice President & Branch Manager Susan P. Burkett Vice President & Operations Manager NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA Linda H. Gaskins Vice President & Branch Manager Mary L. Rebholz Production Manager RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Page C. Yonce Vice President & Branch Manager VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA Francis B. “Chip” Simkins III Branch Manager George Temple Jr. Production Manager CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA Patrick B. Edmondson Sales Manager GASTONIA, NORTH CAROLINA Nancy W. Poteat Branch Manager ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND Michael J. Mazzola Senior Vice President & Maryland Area Manager William J. Regan Vice President & Branch Manager ELLICOTT CITY, MARYLAND Scott B. Segrist Branch Manager Robert G. Menton Branch Manager NEWPORT, DELAWARE Craig I. Snyder Branch Manager MOORESTOWN, NEW JERSEY R. Scott Wallace Branch Manager WALDORF, MARYLAND Timothy J. Murphy Branch Manager C&F TITLE AGENCY, INC. Midlothian, Virginia Eileen A. Cherry Vice President & Title Insurance Underwriter HOMETOWN SETTLEMENT SERVICES LLC Crofton, Maryland CERTIFIED APPRAISALS LLC Midlothian, Virginia H. Daniel Salomonsky Vice President & Appraisal Manager C&F FINANCE COMPANY ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE 4660 South Laburnum Avenue Richmond, Virginia 23231 (804) 236-9601 S. Dustin Crone Executive Vice President C. Shawn Moore Senior Vice President Michael K. Wilson Senior Vice President & COO Alfred Hinkle Vice President, Human Resources NORTHERN VIRGINIA/ MARYLAND REGION Kevin F. Jones Jr. Area Sales Manager HAMPTON/VA BEACH, VIRGINIA EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Pamela L. Austin Area Sales Manager Mervin A. Pleasant Branch Manager Specialty Finance Division ROANOKE, VIRGINIA Timothy W. Gearheart Area Marketing Manager GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA Michael L. Seguin Area Sales Manager NASHVILLE, TN Karen R. Hackney Area Sales Manager EASTERN TENNESSEE Steven D. Croley Area Marketing Representative CINCINNATI/NORTHERN KENTUCKY Michael Meister Area Marketing Representative UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ( X ) Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 or ( ) Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from _____________to_____________ Commission file number 000-23423 C&F FINANCIAL CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Virginia 54-1680165 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 802 Main Street West Point, VA 23181 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (804) 843-2360 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share Title of each class The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Name of each exchange on which registered Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ( ) No ( X ) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ( ) No ( X ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ( X ) No ( ) Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ( X ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” ”accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ( ) Accelerated Filer ( X ) Non-accelerated filer ( ) (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ( ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ( ) No ( X ) The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 29, 2007 was $120,177,128. There were 3,022,091 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 25, 2008. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement dated March 15, 2008 to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 15, 2008 are incorporated by reference in Part III of this report. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS ............................................................................................................................... page 1 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS...................................................................................................................... page 11 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS................................................................................. page 14 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES .......................................................................................................................... page 14 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ....................................................................................................... page 15 ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.......................... page 15 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES........................................................................................................ page 16 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ......................................................................................... page 17 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION................................... page 18 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ................................................................................................... page 49 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA .................................... page 52 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE .............................................. page 86 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES...................................................................................... page 86 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... page 87 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE............ page 87 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ......................................................................................... page 88 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS............................... page 88 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE......................................................................................... page 88 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES ..................................................... page 88 PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES ..................................................... page 89 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS General C&F Financial Corporation (the Corporation) is a bank holding company that was incorporated in March 1994 under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Corporation owns all of the stock of its sole operating subsidiary, C&F Bank (Citizens and Farmers Bank, or the Bank), which is an independent commercial bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Bank originally opened for business under the name Farmers and Mechanics Bank on January 22, 1927. The Bank has the following five wholly-owned subsidiaries, all incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia: • C&F Mortgage Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Hometown Settlement Services LLC, Certified Appraisals LLC, Foundation Home Mortgage and C&F Reinsurance LTD • C&F Finance Company • C&F Investment Services, Inc. • C&F Insurance Services, Inc. • C&F Title Agency, Inc. The Corporation operates in a decentralized manner in three principal business activities: (1) retail banking through C&F Bank, (2) mortgage banking through C&F Mortgage Corporation (C&F Mortgage) and (3) consumer finance through C&F Finance Company (C&F Finance). The following general business discussion focuses on the activities within each of these segments. In addition, the Corporation conducts brokerage activities through C&F Investment Services, Inc., insurance activities through C&F Insurance Services, Inc. and title insurance services through C&F Title Agency, Inc. The financial position and operating results of any one of these subsidiaries are not significant to the Corporation as a whole and are not considered principal activities of the Corporation at this time. The Corporation also owns two non-operating subsidiaries, C&F Financial Statutory Trust II formed in December 2007 and C&F Financial Statutory Trust I formed in July 2005. These trusts were formed for the purpose of issuing $10.0 million each of trust preferred capital securities in private placements to institutional investors. These trusts are unconsolidated subsidiaries of the Corporation and their principal assets are $10.3 million each of the Corporation’s junior subordinated debt securities (referred to herein as “trust preferred capital notes,”) that are reported as liabilities of the Corporation. Retail Banking We provide retail banking services at the Bank’s main office in West Point, Virginia, and 17 Virginia branches located one each in Chester, Hampton, Mechanicsville, Midlothian, Newport News, Norge, Providence Forge, Quinton, Saluda, Sandston, Varina, West Point, Yorktown, and two each in Williamsburg and Richmond. These branches provide a wide range of banking services to individuals and businesses. These services include various types of checking and savings deposit accounts, as well as business, real estate, development, mortgage, home equity and installment loans. The Bank also offers ATMs, internet banking, credit card and trust services, as well as travelers’ checks, safe deposit box rentals, collection, notary public, wire service and other customary bank services to its customers. Revenues from retail banking operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and investment securities and fees related to deposit services. At December 31, 2007, assets of the Retail Banking segment totaled $634.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, income before income taxes for this segment totaled $4.3 million. 1 Mortgage Banking We conduct mortgage banking activities through C&F Mortgage, which was organized in September 1995. C&F Mortgage provides mortgage loan origination services through 14 locations in Virginia, three in Maryland, two in North Carolina and one each in Newport, Delaware and Moorestown, New Jersey. The Virginia offices are located one each in Charlottesville, Chester, Fairfax, Fishersville, Fredericksburg, Hanover, Harrisonburg, Lexington, Lynchburg, Midlothian, Newport News, Richmond, Roanoke and Virginia Beach. The Maryland offices are located in Annapolis, Ellicott City and Waldorf. The North Carolina offices are located in Charlotte and Gastonia. C&F Mortgage offers a wide variety of residential mortgage loans, which are originated for sale to numerous investors. C&F Mortgage does not securitize loans. Purchasers of loans include, but are not limited to, Countrywide Bank, FSB; Franklin American Mortgage Company; the Virginia Housing Development Authority; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.; and Wells Fargo Home Mortgage. The Bank also purchases lot and permanent loans and home equity lines of credit from C&F Mortgage. C&F Mortgage originates conventional mortgage loans, mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the FHA), mortgage loans partially guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (the VA) and home equity loans. A majority of the conventional loans are conforming loans that qualify for purchase by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). The remainder of the conventional loans are non-conforming loans that do not meet Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guidelines, but are eligible for sale to various other investors. Through its subsidiaries, C&F Mortgage also provides ancillary mortgage loan origination services for loan settlement and residential appraisals. Revenues from mortgage banking operations consist principally of gains on sales of loans in the secondary mortgage market, loan origination fee income and interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale. At December 31, 2007, assets of the Mortgage Banking segment totaled $44.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, income before income taxes for this segment totaled $2.8 million. Consumer Finance We conduct consumer finance activities through C&F Finance, which the Bank acquired on September 1, 2002. C&F Finance is a regional finance company providing automobile loans throughout Virginia and in portions of Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee and West Virginia through its offices in Richmond, Roanoke and Hampton, Virginia, in Nashville, Tennessee and in Towson, Maryland. C&F Finance is an indirect lender that provides automobile financing through lending programs that are designed to serve customers in the “non-prime” market who have limited access to traditional automobile financing. C&F Finance generally purchases installment contracts from manufacturer-franchised dealerships with used-car operations and through selected independent dealerships. C&F Finance selects these dealers based on the types of vehicles sold. Specifically, C&F Finance prefers to finance new vehicles and later model, low mileage used vehicles. C&F Finance’s typical borrowers have experienced prior credit difficulties. Because C&F Finance serves customers who are unable to meet the credit standards imposed by most traditional automobile financing sources, C&F Finance typically charges interest at higher rates than those charged by traditional financing sources. As C&F Finance provides financing in a relatively high-risk market, it expects to experience a higher level of credit losses than traditional automobile financing sources. Revenues from consumer finance operations consist principally of interest earned on automobile loans. At December 31, 2007, assets of the Consumer Finance segment totaled $167.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, income before income taxes for this segment totaled $4.4 million. Employees At December 31, 2007, we employed 512 full-time equivalent employees. We consider relations with our employees to be excellent. 2 Competition Retail Banking In the Bank’s market area, we compete with large national and regional financial institutions, savings associations and other independent community banks, as well as credit unions, mutual funds, brokerage firms and insurance companies. Increased competition has come from out-of-state banks through their acquisition of Virginia- based banks and expansion of community and regional banks into our service areas. The banking business in Virginia, and in the Bank’s primary service area in the Hampton to Richmond corridor, is highly competitive for both loans and deposits, and is dominated by a relatively small number of large banks with many offices operating over a wide geographic area. Among the advantages such large banks have are their ability to finance wide-ranging advertising campaigns and, by virtue of their greater total capitalization, to have substantially higher lending limits than the Bank. Factors such as interest rates offered, the number and location of branches and the types of products offered, as well as the reputation of the institution affect competition for deposits and loans. We compete by emphasizing customer service and technology, establishing long-term customer relationships, building customer loyalty, and providing products and services to address the specific needs of our customers. We target individual and small-to-medium size business customers. No material part of the Bank’s business is dependent upon a single or a few customers, and the loss of any single customer would not have a materially adverse effect upon the Bank’s business. Mortgage Banking Several factors caused rapid consolidation in the mortgage lending industry over the last decade. First, the continuing evolution of the secondary mortgage market led to more commodity-like mortgages. Second, increased regulation imposed on the industry resulted in significant costs and the need for higher levels of specialization. Third, interest rate volatility resulted in an increase in mortgagors’ propensity to refinance their mortgages. These factors, together with fluctuations in new home construction and sales, have caused relatively large swings in the volume of loans originated from year to year and dramatically increased complexity in the business. During 2007, there was significant contraction in both the volume of loans originated and the number of institutions and brokers providing mortgage loans for new and resale home sales and refinancings. This contraction accompanied a downturn in the housing markets related to declines in real estate values, coupled with increased payment defaults by borrowers and increased loan foreclosures. To operate profitably in this environment, lenders must have a high level of operational and risk management skills, as well as technological expertise. Our mortgage subsidiary competes by offering a wide selection of products; providing consistently high quality customer service; and pricing its products at competitive rates. No material part of C&F Mortgage’s business is dependent upon a single or a few customers or investors, and the loss of any single customer or investor would not have a materially adverse effect upon C&F Mortgage’s business. 3 Consumer Finance The non-prime automobile finance business is highly competitive. The automobile finance market is highly fragmented and is served by a variety of financial entities, including the captive finance affiliates of major automotive manufacturers, banks, savings associations, credit unions and independent finance companies. Many of these competitors have substantially greater financial resources and lower costs of funds than our finance subsidiary. In addition, competitors often provide financing on terms that are more favorable to automobile purchasers or dealers than the terms C&F Finance offers. Many of these competitors also have long-standing relationships with automobile dealerships and may offer dealerships or their customers other forms of financing, including dealer floor plan financing and leasing, which we do not. Providers of automobile financing traditionally have competed on the basis of interest rates charged, the quality of credit accepted, the flexibility of loan terms offered and the quality of service provided to dealers and customers. To establish C&F Finance as one of the principal financing sources at the dealers it serves, we compete predominately through a high level of dealer service, strong dealer relationships and by offering flexible loan terms. No material part of C&F Finance’s business is dependent upon any single dealer relationship, and the loss of any single dealer relationship would not have a materially adverse effect upon C&F Finance’s business. Regulation and Supervision General Bank holding companies and banks are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. The following summary briefly describes the more significant provisions of applicable federal and state laws and certain regulations and the potential impact of such provisions on the Corporation and the Bank. This summary is not complete, and we refer you to the particular statutory or regulatory provisions or proposals for more information. Because federal regulation of financial institutions changes regularly and is the subject of constant legislative debate, we cannot forecast how federal regulation of financial institutions may change in the future and impact the Corporation’s and the Bank’s operations. Regulation of the Corporation The Corporation must file annual, quarterly and other periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). The Corporation is directly affected by the corporate responsibility and accounting reform legislation signed into law on July 30, 2002, known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the SOX Act), and the related rules and regulations. The SOX Act includes provisions that, among other things: (1) require that periodic reports containing financial statements that are filed with the SEC be accompanied by chief executive officer and chief financial officer certifications as to their accuracy and compliance with law; (2) prohibit public companies, with certain limited exceptions, from making personal loans to their directors or executive officers; (3) require chief executive officers and chief financial officers to forfeit bonuses and profits if company financial statements are restated due to misconduct; (4) require audit committees to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by an issuer’s outside auditors, except for de minimis non-audit services; (5) protect employees of public companies who assist in investigations relating to violations of the federal securities laws from job discrimination; (6) require companies to disclose in plain English on a “rapid and current basis” material changes in their financial condition or operations, as well as certain other specified information; (7) require a public company’s Section 16 insiders to make Form 4 filings with the SEC within two business days following the day on which purchases or sales of the 4 company’s equity securities were made; and (8) increased penalties for existing crimes and created new criminal offenses. While the Corporation has incurred additional expenses and we expect to continue to incur additional expenses in complying with the requirements of the SOX Act and related regulations adopted by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, we anticipate that those expenses will not have a material effect on the Corporation’s results of operations or financial condition. The Corporation is also subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the Federal Reserve Board). The Federal Reserve Board has jurisdiction to approve any bank or non-bank acquisition, merger or consolidation proposed by a bank holding company. The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the BHCA) generally limits the activities of a bank holding company and its subsidiaries to that of banking, managing or controlling banks, or any other activity that is closely related to banking or to managing or controlling banks. Since September 1995, the BHCA has permitted bank holding companies from any state to acquire banks and bank holding companies located in any other state, subject to certain conditions, including nationwide and state imposed concentration limits. Banks also are able to branch across state lines, provided certain conditions are met, including that applicable state laws expressly permit such interstate branching. Virginia permits branching across state lines, provided there is reciprocity with the state in which the out-of-state bank is based. Federal law and regulatory policy impose a number of obligations and restrictions on bank holding companies and their depository institution subsidiaries to reduce potential loss exposure to the depositors and to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC) insurance funds. For example, a bank holding company must commit resources to support its subsidiary depository institutions. In addition, insured depository institutions under common control must reimburse the FDIC for any loss suffered or reasonably anticipated by the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) as a result of the default of a commonly controlled insured depository institution. The FDIC may decline to enforce the provisions if it determines that a waiver is in the best interest of the DIF. An FDIC claim for damage is superior to claims of stockholders of an insured depository institution or its holding company but is subordinate to claims of depositors, secured creditors and holders of subordinated debt, other than affiliates, of the commonly controlled insured depository institution. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the FDIA) provides that amounts received from the liquidation or other resolution of any insured depository institution must be distributed, after payment of secured claims, to pay the deposit liabilities of the institution before payment of any other general creditor or stockholder. This provision would give depositors a preference over general and subordinated creditors and stockholders if a receiver is appointed to distribute the assets of the Bank. The Corporation also is subject to regulation and supervision by the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. 5 Capital Requirements The Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC have issued substantially similar risk-based and leverage capital guidelines applicable to banking organizations they supervise. Under the risk-based capital requirements of these federal bank regulatory agencies, the Corporation and the Bank are required to maintain a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0 percent and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.0 percent. At least half of the total capital must be Tier 1 capital, which includes common equity, retained earnings and qualifying perpetual preferred stock, less certain intangibles and other adjustments. The remainder may consist of Tier 2 capital, such as a limited amount of subordinated and other qualifying debt (including certain hybrid capital instruments), other qualifying preferred stock and a limited amount of the general loan loss allowance. For the Corporation only, Tier 1 and total capital include trust preferred securities. At December 31, 2007, the total capital to risk-weighted asset ratio of the Corporation was 12.8 percent and the ratio of the Bank was 12.1 percent. At December 31, 2007, the Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset ratio was 11.2 percent for the Corporation and 10.8 percent for the Bank. In addition, each of the federal regulatory agencies has established leverage capital ratio guidelines for banking organizations. These guidelines provide for a minimum Tier l leverage ratio of 4.0 percent for banks and bank holding companies. At December 31, 2007, the Tier l leverage ratio was 9.4 percent for the Corporation and 9.0 percent for the Bank. The guidelines also provide that banking organizations experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions must maintain capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels, without significant reliance on intangible assets. Limits on Dividends The Corporation is a legal entity, separate and distinct from the Bank. A significant portion of the revenues of the Corporation result from dividends paid to it by the Bank. Both the Corporation and the Bank are subject to laws and regulations that limit the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital at or above regulatory minimums. Banking regulators have indicated that Virginia banking organizations should generally pay dividends only (1) from net undivided profits of the bank, after providing for all expenses, losses, interest and taxes accrued or due by the bank and only (2) if the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, the FDIA prohibits insured depository institutions such as the Bank from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, if, after making such distribution, the institution would become undercapitalized as defined in the statute. We do not expect that any of these laws, regulations or policies will materially affect the ability of the Corporation or the Bank to pay dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Bank declared $19.4 million in dividends payable to the Corporation, which were used to fund the Corporation’s share purchases, debt service and $3.8 million in dividends payable to shareholders. The decline in the Bank’s capital attributable to dividends paid to the Corporation was offset in part by the Corporation’s additional investment in the Bank of the $10.0 million proceeds from the issuance of trust preferred securities in December 2007. 6 Regulation of the Bank and Other Subsidiaries The Bank is subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Virginia State Corporation Commission Bureau of Financial Institutions (VBFI) and the FDIC. The various laws and regulations administered by the regulatory agencies affect corporate practices, such as the payment of dividends, the incurrence of debt and the acquisition of financial institutions and other companies, and affect business practices, such as the payment of interest on deposits, the charging of interest on loans, the types of business conducted and the location of offices. FDIA and Associated Regulations. Section 36 of the FDIA and associated regulations require management of every insured depository institution with total assets between $500 million and $1 billion at the beginning of a fiscal year to obtain an annual audit of its financial statements by an independent public accountant, report to the banking agencies on the institution’s compliance with designated laws and regulations and establish an audit committee comprised of outside directors, at least a majority of whom must be independent of management. The Bank is subject to the annual audit, reporting and audit committee requirements of Section 36 of the FDIA. Community Reinvestment Act. The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) imposes on financial institutions an affirmative and ongoing obligation to meet the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those institutions. A financial institution’s efforts in meeting community credit needs are assessed based on specified factors. These factors also are considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility. Following the Bank’s most recent scheduled compliance examination in July 2006, it received a CRA performance evaluation of “satisfactory.” Insurance of Accounts, Assessments and Regulation by the FDIC. The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the DIF of the FDIC. The DIF is the successor to the Bank Insurance Fund and the Savings Association Insurance Fund, which were merged in 2006. The FDIC recently amended its risk-based assessment system for 2007 to implement authority granted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (FDIRA). Under the revised system, insured institutions are assigned to one of four risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors. An institution’s assessment rate depends upon the category to which it is assigned. Unlike the other categories, Risk Category I, which contains the least risky depository institutions, contains further risk differentiation based on the FDIC’s analysis of financial ratios, examination component ratings and other information. Assessment rates are determined by the FDIC and currently range from five to seven basis points for the healthiest institutions (Risk Category I) to 43 basis points of assessable deposits for the riskiest (Risk Category IV). The FDIC may adjust rates uniformly from one quarter to the next, except that no single adjustment can exceed three basis points. FDIRA also provided for a one-time credit for eligible institutions based on their assessment base as of December 31, 1996. Subject to certain limitations with respect to institutions that are exhibiting weaknesses, credits can be used to offset assessments until exhausted. The Bank’s one-time credit was $297,000, of which $210,000 has been applied to offset assessments in 2007. FDIRA also provided for the possibility that the FDIC may pay dividends to insured institutions if the DIF reserve ratio equals or exceeds 1.35 percent of estimated insured deposits. Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Atlanta, which is one of 12 regional FHLBs that provide funding to their members for making housing loans as well as for affordable housing and community development loans. Each FHLB serves as a reserve, or central bank, for 7 the members within its assigned region. Each is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB System. Each FHLB makes loans to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB. As a member, the Bank must purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB. In 2004, the FHLB converted to its new capital structure, which established the minimum capital stock requirement for member banks as an amount equal to the sum of a membership requirement and an activity- based requirement. At December 31, 2007, the Bank owned $4.4 million of FHLB stock. USA Patriot Act. The USA Patriot Act, which became effective on October 26, 2001, amends the Bank Secrecy Act and is intended to facilitate information sharing among governmental entities and financial institutions for the purpose of combating terrorism and money laundering. Among other provisions, the USA Patriot Act permits financial institutions, upon providing notice to the United States Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department), to share information with one another in order to better identify and report to the federal government activities that may involve money laundering or terrorists’ activities. The USA Patriot Act is considered a significant banking law in terms of information disclosure regarding certain customer transactions. Certain provisions of the USA Patriot Act impose the obligation to establish anti-money laundering programs, including the development of a customer identification program, and the screening of all customers against any government lists of known or suspected terrorists. Although it does create a reporting obligation and there is a cost of compliance, the USA Patriot Act does not materially affect the Bank’s products, services or other business activities. Reporting Terrorist Activities. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has sent, and will send, banking regulatory agencies lists of the names of persons suspected of involvement in terrorist activities. The Bank has been requested, and will be requested, to search its records for any relationships or transactions with persons on those lists. If the Bank finds any relationships or transactions, it must file a suspicious activity report with the Treasury Department and contact the FBI. The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which is a division of the Treasury Department, is responsible for helping to insure that United States entities do not engage in transactions with “enemies” of the United States, as defined by various Executive Orders and Acts of Congress. OFAC sends banking regulatory agencies lists of names of persons and organizations suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist acts. If the Bank finds a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, it must freeze such account, file a suspicious activity report with the Treasury Department and notify the FBI. The Bank has appointed an OFAC compliance officer to oversee the inspection of its accounts and the filing of any notifications. The Bank actively checks high- risk areas such as new accounts, wire transfers and customer files. The Bank performs these checks utilizing software that is updated each time a modification is made to the lists of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons provided by OFAC and other agencies. 8 Mortgage Banking Regulation. In addition to certain of the Bank’s regulations, the Corporation’s Mortgage Banking segment is subject to the rules and regulations of, and examination by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the FHA, the VA and state regulatory authorities with respect to originating, processing and selling mortgage loans. Those rules and regulations, among other things, establish standards for loan origination, prohibit discrimination, provide for inspections and appraisals of property, require credit reports on prospective borrowers and, in some cases, restrict certain loan features and fix maximum interest rates and fees. In addition to other federal laws, mortgage origination activities are subject to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Truth-in-Lending Act, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, and Home Ownership Equity Protection Act, and the regulations promulgated under these acts. These laws prohibit discrimination, require the disclosure of certain basic information to mortgagors concerning credit and settlement costs, limit payment for settlement services to the reasonable value of the services rendered and require the maintenance and disclosure of information regarding the disposition of mortgage applications based on race, gender, geographical distribution and income level. Consumer Financing Regulation. The Corporation’s Consumer Finance segment also is regulated by the VBFI. The VBFI regulates and enforces laws relating to consumer lenders and sales finance agencies such as C&F Finance. Such rules and regulations generally provide for licensing of sales finance agencies; limitations on amounts, duration and charges, including interest rates, for various categories of loans; requirements as to the form and content of finance contracts and other documentation; and restrictions on collection practices and creditors’ rights. Consumer Protection. The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, which amended the Fair Credit Reporting Act, requires financial institutions to implement policies and procedures that track identity theft incidents; provide identity-theft victims with evidence of fraudulent transactions upon request; block from reporting to consumer reporting agencies credit information resulting from identity theft; notify customers of adverse information concerning the customer in consumer reporting agency reports; and notify customers when reporting negative information concerning the customer to a consumer reporting agency. Other Safety and Soundness Regulations Prompt Correction Action. The federal banking agencies have broad powers under current federal law to take prompt corrective action to resolve problems of insured depository institutions. The extent of these powers depends upon whether the institution in question is “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” These terms are defined under uniform regulations issued by each of the federal banking agencies regulating these institutions. An insured depository institution which is less than adequately capitalized must adopt an acceptable capital restoration plan, is subject to increased regulatory oversight and is increasingly restricted in the scope of its permissible activities. As of December 31, 2007, the Bank was considered “well capitalized.” Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (Check 21). Check 21 gives “substitute checks,” such as a digital image of a check and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check. The major provisions of Check 21 include: allowing check truncation without making it mandatory; demanding that every financial institution communicate to account holders in writing a description of its substitute check processing program and their rights under the law; legalizing substitutions for and replacements of paper checks without agreement from consumers; retaining in place the previously-mandated electronic collection and return of checks between financial institutions only when individual agreements are in place; requiring that when account holders request verification, financial institutions produce the original check (or a copy that accurately represents the 9 original) and demonstrate that the account debit was accurate and valid; and requiring recrediting of funds to an individual’s account on the next business day after a consumer proves that the financial institution has erred. This legislation has not significantly increased our capital spending. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLBA). The GLBA implemented major changes to the statutory framework for providing banking and other financial services in the United States. The GLBA, among other things, eliminated many of the restrictions on affiliations among banks and securities firms, insurance firms and other financial service providers. A bank holding company that qualifies and elects to be a financial holding company is permitted to engage in activities that are financial in nature or incident or complimentary to financial activities. The activities that the GLBA expressly lists as financial in nature include insurance underwriting, sales and brokerage activities, financial and investment advisory services, underwriting services and limited merchant banking activities. To become eligible for these expanded activities, a bank holding company must qualify as a financial holding company. To qualify as a financial holding company, each insured depository institution controlled by the bank holding company must be well-capitalized, well-managed and have at least a satisfactory rating under the CRA. In addition, the bank holding company must file with the Federal Reserve a declaration of its intention to become a financial holding company. While the Corporation satisfies these requirements, the Corporation has not elected to be treated as a financial holding company under the GLBA. The GLBA has not had a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s or the Bank’s operations. To the extent that it allows banks, securities firms and insurance firms to affiliate, the financial services industry may experience further consolidation. The GLBA may have the result of increasing competition that we face from larger institutions and other companies that offer financial products and services and that may have substantially greater financial resources than the Corporation or the Bank. The GLBA and certain regulations issued by federal banking agencies also provide protections against the transfer and use by financial institutions of consumer nonpublic personal information. A financial institution must provide to its customers, at the beginning of the customer relationship and annually thereafter, the institution’s policies and procedures regarding the handling of customers’ nonpublic personal financial information. These privacy provisions generally prohibit a financial institution from providing a customer’s personal financial information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that the information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. Available Information The Corporation’s SEC filings are filed electronically and are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, any document filed by the Corporation with the SEC can be read and copied at the SEC’s public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of documents can be obtained at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Corporation’s SEC filings also are available through our web site at http://www.cffc.com under “About C&F/C&F Financial Corporation/SEC Filings” as of the day they are filed with the SEC. Copies of documents also can be obtained free of charge by writing to the Corporation’s secretary at P.O. Box 391, West Point, VA 23181 or by calling 804-843-2360. 10 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS We are subject to interest rate risk and fluctuations in interest rates may negatively affect our financial performance. Our profitability depends in substantial part on our net interest margin, which is the difference between the interest earned on loans, securities and other interest-earning assets, and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates will affect our net interest margin in diverse ways, including the pricing of loans and deposits, the levels of prepayments and asset quality. We are unable to predict actual fluctuations of market interest rates because many factors influencing interest rates are beyond our control. We attempt to minimize our exposure to interest rate risk, but we are unable to eliminate it. Based on our asset/liability position at December 31, 2007, we are vulnerable to continued decreases in short-term interest rates because of our asset-sensitive balance sheet profile. We believe that our current interest rate exposure is manageable and does not indicate any significant exposure to interest rate changes. However, the interest rate cuts made by the Federal Reserve Bank since September 2007 have immediately reduced our yield on variable-rate loans without a corresponding reduction in deposit costs, which will result in a decline in our net interest margin. We expect more pronounced net interest margin compression in 2008 if interest rates on our variable-rate loans continue to decline while competition for deposits hinders a decline in rates paid for deposits. Periods of rising interest rates or a decline in real estate values in our market will adversely affect our income from our mortgage company. One of the components of our strategic plan is to generate significant noninterest income from our mortgage company, C&F Mortgage. In periods of rising interest rates, consumer demand for new mortgages and refinancings may decrease, which in turn could adversely impact our mortgage company. In addition, rising interest rates could create higher debt burden and default risk for borrowers who have adjustable-rate mortgage loans that reset at higher interest rates. Because interest rates depend on factors outside of our control, we cannot eliminate the interest rate risk associated with our mortgage operations. Certain credit markets have experienced difficult conditions and volatility during 2007 and there has been an increase in mortgage loan foreclosures throughout the United States. The majority of these foreclosures appear to involve borrowers who had financed home purchases or refinanced existing home mortgage loans with so-called subprime mortgage loans or alternative loan products. Mortgage loan foreclosures can result in increases in loan losses and require mortgage lenders to take ownership of the foreclosed real properties in order to mitigate potential loan losses, which can result in increased noninterest expenses. The Corporation originates a variety of residential loan products for sale into the secondary market through C&F Mortgage. These products include conventional residential mortgages, which are generally considered prime loans, and alternative loan products. This latter category of loans includes loans with higher loan to value ratios and loans with no or limited verification of a borrower’s income or assets stated on the loan application. The general market for these alternative loan products across the country has declined as a result of moderating real estate prices, increased payment defaults by borrowers and increased loan foreclosures. These factors may result in potential repurchase liability to our mortgage company on residential mortgage loans originated and sold into the secondary market. While we mitigate the risk of repurchase liability by underwriting to the purchasers’ guidelines and do not believe that our exposure to this liability is significant at this time, we cannot be assured that a prolonged period of payment defaults and foreclosures will not result in an increase in requests for repurchases, which would adversely affect the Corporation’s net income. 11 Our business is subject to various lending and other economic risks that could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Changes in economic conditions, particularly an economic slowdown, could hurt our business. Our business is directly affected by general economic and market conditions; broad trends in industry and finance; legislative and regulatory changes; changes in governmental monetary and fiscal policies; and inflation, all of which are beyond our control. A deterioration in economic conditions, in particular an economic slowdown within our geographic region, could result in the following consequences, any of which could hurt our business materially: an increase in loan delinquencies; an increase in problem assets and foreclosures; a decline in demand for our products and services; and a deterioration in the value of collateral for loans made by our various business segments. Our level of credit risk is increasing due to the concentration of our loan portfolio in commercial loans and in consumer finance loans. At December 31, 2007, 43 percent of our loan portfolio consisted of commercial, financial and agricultural loans. These loans generally carry larger loan balances and involve a greater degree of financial and credit risk than home equity and residential loans. The increased financial and credit risk associated with these types of loans is a result of several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and to borrowers in similar lines of business, the size of loan balances, the effects of general economic conditions on income-producing properties and the increased difficulty of evaluating and monitoring these types of loans. At December 31, 2007, 27 percent of our loan portfolio consisted of consumer finance loans that provide automobile financing for customers in the non-prime market. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses generally increase in this portfolio. Significant increases in the inventory of used automobiles during periods of economic recession may also depress the prices at which we may sell repossessed automobiles or delay the timing of these sales. Because we focus on non-prime borrowers, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses on these loans are higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry and could be dramatically affected by a general economic downturn. In addition, our servicing costs may increase without a corresponding increase in our finance charge income. While we manage the higher risk inherent in loans made to non-prime borrowers through our underwriting criteria and collection methods, we cannot guarantee that these criteria or methods will ultimately provide adequate protection against these risks. If our allowance for loan losses becomes inadequate, the results of our operations may be adversely affected. Making loans is an essential element of our business. The risk of nonpayment is affected by a number of factors, including but not limited to: the duration of the credit; credit risks of a particular customer; changes in economic and industry conditions; and, in the case of a collateralized loan, risks resulting from uncertainties about the future value of the collateral. Although we seek to mitigate risks inherent in lending by adhering to specific underwriting practices, our loans may not be repaid. We attempt to maintain an appropriate allowance for loan losses to provide for potential losses in our loan portfolio. Our allowance for loan losses is determined by analyzing historical loan losses, current trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, plans for problem loan resolution, the opinions of our regulators, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio and industry information. Also included in our estimates for loan losses are considerations with respect to the impact of economic events, the outcome of which are uncertain. Because any estimate of loan losses is necessarily subjective and the accuracy of 12 any estimate depends on the outcome of future events, we face the risk that charge-offs in future periods will exceed our allowance for loan losses and that additional increases in the allowance for loan losses will be required. Additions to the allowance for loan losses would result in a decrease of our net income. Although we believe our allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb probable losses in our loan portfolio, we cannot predict such losses or that our allowance will be adequate in the future. Competition from other financial institutions and financial intermediaries may adversely affect our profitability. We face substantial competition in originating loans and in attracting deposits. Our competition in originating loans and attracting deposits comes principally from other banks, mortgage banking companies, consumer finance companies, savings associations, credit unions, brokerage firms, insurance companies and other institutional lenders and purchasers of loans. Additionally, banks and other financial institutions with larger capitalization and financial intermediaries not subject to bank regulatory restrictions have larger lending limits and are thereby able to serve the credit needs of larger clients. These institutions may be able to offer the same loan products and services that we offer at more competitive rates and prices. Increased competition could require us to increase the rates we pay on deposits or lower the rates we offer on loans, which could adversely affect our profitability. We rely heavily on our management team and the unexpected loss of key officers may adversely affect our operations. We believe that our growth and future success will depend in large part on the skills of our executive officers. We also depend upon the experience of the officers of our subsidiaries and on their relationships with the communities they serve. The loss of the services of one or more of these officers could disrupt our operations and impair our ability to implement our business strategy, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While the Corporation’s Chief Operating Officer resigned effective February 29, 2008 because of family health considerations, he has agreed to assist management to assure a smooth transition. The success of our growth strategy depends on our ability to identify and recruit individuals with experience and relationships in our primary markets. The successful implementation of our business strategy will require us to continue to attract, hire, motivate and retain skilled personnel to develop new customer relationships as well as new financial products and services. The market for qualified management personnel is competitive. In addition, the process of identifying and recruiting individuals with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategy is often lengthy. Our inability to identify, recruit and retain talented personnel to manage new offices effectively and in a timely manner would limit our growth, which could materially adversely affect our business. Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the beneficial aspects fostered by our culture, which could harm our business. We believe that a critical contributor to our success has been our corporate culture, which focuses on building personal relationships with our customers. As our organization grows, and we are required to implement more complex organizational management structures, we may find it increasingly difficult to maintain the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture. This could negatively impact our future success. 13 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS The Corporation has no unresolved comments from the SEC staff. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The following describes the location and general character of the principal offices and other materially important physical properties of the Corporation. The Corporation owns a building located at Eighth and Main Streets in the business district of West Point, Virginia. The building, originally constructed in 1923, has three floors totaling 15,000 square feet. This building houses the Bank’s Main Office, the main office of C&F Investment Services and office space for certain of the Bank’s administrative personnel. The Corporation owns a building located at 3600 LaGrange Parkway in Toano, Virginia. The building was acquired in 2004 and has 85,000 square feet. Approximately 30,000 square feet were renovated in 2005 in order to house the Bank’s operations center, which consists of the Bank’s loan, deposit and administrative functions and staff. The building owned by the Corporation and previously used for the Bank’s deposit operations at Seventh & Main Streets in West Point Virginia, which is a 14,000 square foot building remodeled by the Corporation in 1991, has been leased to the Economic Development Authority of the Town of West Point, Virginia (Development Authority) for the purpose of housing and operating incubator businesses under the supervision of the Development Authority. The building owned by the Corporation and previously used for the Bank’s loan operations at Sixth and Main Streets in West Point, Virginia, which is a 5,000 square foot building acquired and remodeled by the Corporation in 1998, has been retained as back-up facilities for the new operations center. Management has not yet determined the long-term utilization of these properties. The Corporation owns a building located at 1400 Alverser Drive in Midlothian, Virginia. The building provides space for a branch office of the Bank and for a C&F Mortgage branch office, as well as C&F Mortgage’s main administrative offices. This two-story building has 25,000 square feet and was constructed in 2001. Also at the Midlothian location, the Corporation owns an office condominium that houses a regional commercial lending office. The Corporation owns 15 other Bank branch locations and leases one Bank branch location and one regional commercial lending office in Virginia. Rental expense for these leased locations totaled $94,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007. In connection with the opening of the Bank’s Newport News branch in 2007, C&F Mortgage relocated from a leased facility to the second floor of the Bank branch building. The Corporation has 19 leased loan production offices, 12 in Virginia, three in Maryland, two in North Carolina and one each in Delaware and New Jersey, for C&F Mortgage. Rental expense for these leased locations totaled $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. 14 The Corporation owns a building located at 4660 South Laburnum Avenue in Richmond, Virginia. The building was acquired in June 2005 and has approximately 8,800 square feet. The building houses C&F Finance’s headquarters and provides space for its loan and administrative functions and staff. In connection with the opening of the Bank’s Hampton branch in 2006, the Hampton office of C&F Finance was relocated from a leased facility to the second floor of the Bank branch building. The Corporation has four leased offices, two in Virginia and one each in Maryland and Tennessee, for C&F Finance. Rental expense for these leased locations totaled $54,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007. All of the Corporation’s properties are in good operating condition and are adequate for the Corporation’s present and anticipated future needs. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which the property of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries is subject. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS No matters were submitted during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report to a vote of security holders of the Corporation through a solicitation of proxies or otherwise. Name (Age) Present Position Larry G. Dillon (55) Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT Business Experience During Past Five Years Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and the Bank since 1989 Thomas F. Cherry (39) Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary Secretary of the Corporation and the Bank since 2002; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation and the Bank since December 2004; Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation and the Bank from December 1998 to November 2004 Robert L. Bryant (57) Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer* Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation since February 2005; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Bank since December 2004; Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Bank from May 2004 to November 2004; President of Renaissance Resources, a business consulting practice located in Richmond, Virginia, from 1996 to 2004 Bryan E. McKernon (51) President and Chief Executive Officer of C&F Mortgage since 1995 *Mr. Bryant resigned effective February 29, 2008 because of family health considerations. Mr. Bryant has agreed to assist management to assure a smooth transition. 15 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES The Corporation’s common stock is traded on the over-the-counter market and is listed for trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market of the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol “CFFI.” As of February 25, 2008, there were approximately 2,000 shareholders of record. As of that date, the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Stock Market was $31.37. Following are the high and low sales prices as reported by the NASDAQ Stock Market, along with the dividends that were paid quarterly in 2007 and 2006. Quarter First Second Third Fourth _________2007_________ High $46.00 45.00 43.50 42.98 Low Dividends $39.60 36.10 38.05 30.25 $0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 __________2006__________ Low High $37.12 $40.60 38.09 41.99 36.80 41.72 38.50 42.50 Dividends $0.27 0.29 0.29 0.31 Payment of dividends is at the discretion of the Corporation’s board of directors and is subject to various federal and state regulatory limitations. For further information regarding payment of dividends, refer to Item 1, “Business,” under the heading “Limits on Dividends” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 13: Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions.” Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2007 Total Number of Shares Purchased - - 12,500 12,500 Average Price Paid Per Share $ - - 35.47 $35.47 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program1 - - 12,500 12,500 Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program1 107,700 107,700 95,200 October 1-31, 2007 November 1-30, 2007 December 1-31, 2007 Total 1On November 4, 2006, the Corporation’s board of directors authorized the purchase of up to 150,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock over the twelve months ending November 3, 2007. Through June 30, 2007, 149,855 shares were purchased under this authorization. On July 17, 2007, the Corporation’s board of directors terminated this authorization and approved a new authorization to purchase up to 150,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock over the twelve months ending July 16, 2008. The stock may be purchased in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, as management and the board of directors deem prudent. 16 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA FIVE YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts) Selected Year-End Balances: Total assets Total shareholders’ equity Total loans (net) Total deposits Summary of Operations: Interest income Interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses Noninterest income Noninterest expenses Income before taxes Income tax expense Net income Per share: Earnings per common share—basic Earnings per common share—assuming dilution Dividends Weighted average number of shares— assuming dilution Significant Ratios: Return on average assets Return on average equity Dividend payout ratio Average equity to average assets 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 $785,596 65,224 585,881 527,571 $ 64,825 23,378 41,447 7,130 34,317 25,878 48,371 11,824 3,344 $ 8,480 $734,468 68,006 517,843 532,835 $ 58,582 18,457 40,125 4,625 35,500 27,387 45,328 17,559 5,430 $ 12,129 $671,957 60,086 465,039 495,438 $ 48,770 11,997 36,773 5,520 31,253 27,584 41,868 16,969 5,181 $ 11,788 $609,122 69,899 394,471 447,134 $573,546 65,384 350,170 427,635 $ 40,843 7,549 33,294 4,026 $ 38,671 8,828 29,843 3,167 29,268 24,689 37,753 16,204 5,006 $ 11,198 26,676 29,318 36,748 19,246 6,327 $ 12,919 $2.79 $3.85 $3.49 $3.14 $3.58 2.68 1.24 3.71 1.16 3.36 1.00 3.00 .90 3.42 .72 3,161,023 3,273,429 3,507,912 3,729,128 3,781,843 1.13% 13.03 44.45 8.69 1.75% 18.97 30.15 9.21 1.82% 17.70 28.33 10.30 1.91% 16.78 28.59 11.38 2.35% 21.32 20.07 11.01 17 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This report contains statements concerning the Corporation’s expectations, plans, objectives, future financial performance and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements may constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined by federal securities laws. These statements may address issues that involve estimates and assumptions made by management and risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from historical results or those anticipated by such statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Corporation include, but are not limited to, changes in: interest rates • • general economic conditions • • monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal the legislative/regulatory climate Reserve Board • the quality or composition of the loan or investment portfolios the level of net charge-offs on automobile loans • • demand for loan products • deposit flows • competition • demand for financial services in the Corporation’s market area • technology • • • • reliance on third parties for key services the real estate market the Corporation’s expansion and technology initiatives accounting principles, policies and guidelines These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on those statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. The following discussion supplements and provides information about the major components of the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of the Corporation. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions. Those accounting policies with the greatest uncertainty and that require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments affecting the application of these policies, and the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions, or using different assumptions, are described below. Allowance for Loan Losses: We establish the allowance for loan losses through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when we believe that the collection of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries of losses previously charged against the allowance are credited to the allowance. The allowance represents an amount that, in our judgment, will be appropriate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Our judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectibility of loans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in 18 delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, overall portfolio quality and specific potential losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective because it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Impairment of Loans: We measure impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate of the loan (or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price) or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. We consider a loan impaired when it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments as scheduled in the loan agreement. We do not consider a loan impaired during a period of delay in payment if we expect the ultimate collection of all amounts due. We maintain a valuation allowance to the extent that the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment. Impairment of Securities: Impairment of investment securities results in a write-down that must be included in net income when a market decline below cost is other-than-temporary. We regularly review each investment security for impairment based on criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer and our ability and intention with regard to holding the security to maturity. Goodwill: Goodwill is no longer subject to amortization over its estimated useful life, but is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment using a two-step process that begins with an estimation of the fair value of the reporting unit. In assessing the recoverability of the Corporation’s goodwill, all of which was recognized in connection with the Bank’s acquisition of C&F Finance in September 2002, we must make assumptions in order to determine the fair value of the respective assets. Major assumptions used in determining impairment were increases in future income, sales multiples in determining terminal value and the discount rate applied to future cash flows. As part of the impairment test, we performed sensitivity analysis by increasing the discount rate, lowering sales multiples and reducing increases in future income. We completed the annual test for impairment during the fourth quarter of 2007 and determined there was no impairment to be recognized in 2007. If the underlying estimates and related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges. Defined Benefit Pension Plan: The Bank maintains a non-contributory, defined benefit pension plan for eligible full-time employees as specified by the plan. Plan assets, which consist primarily of marketable equity securities and corporate and government fixed income securities, are valued using market quotations. The Bank’s actuary determines plan obligations and annual pension expense using a number of key assumptions. Key assumptions include the discount rate, the estimated future return on plan assets and the anticipated rate of future salary increases. Changes in these assumptions in the future, if any, may impact pension assets, liabilities or expense. Accounting for Income Taxes: Determining the Corporation’s effective tax rate requires judgment. In the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax outcomes are uncertain. In addition, the Corporation’s tax returns are subject to audit by various tax authorities. Although we believe that the estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome will not be materially different than that which is reflected in the income tax provision and accrual. For further information concerning accounting policies, refer to Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” 19 OVERVIEW Our primary financial goals are to maximize the Corporation’s earnings and to deploy capital in profitable growth initiatives that will enhance long-term shareholder value. We track three primary financial performance measures in order to assess the level of success in achieving these goals: 1) return on average assets (ROA) 2) return on average equity (ROE) 3) growth in earnings In addition to these financial performance measures, we track the performance of the Corporation’s three principal business activities: 1) retail banking 2) mortgage banking 3) consumer finance We also actively manage our capital through: 1) growth 2) stock purchases 3) dividends Financial Performance Measures Net income for the Corporation decreased 30.1 percent to $8.5 million in fiscal 2007. Earnings per share assuming dilution decreased 27.8 percent to $2.68 in the same period. Net income for 2006 included $728,000, after taxes, attributable to the recovery of past due interest and a reduction in the Corporation’s loan loss allowance in connection with the pay-off of previously nonperforming loans of one commercial relationship. Excluding the after- tax effect of this loan pay-off, the Corporation’s 2007 net income decreased 25.6 percent and earnings per share assuming dilution decreased 23.0 percent from 2006. Significant factors influencing 2007 earnings included interest rate fluctuations, loan growth, higher loan charge-offs, a decline in mortgage loan production and higher operating expenses associated with expansion initiatives. The degree to which these and other factors impacted each of our business segments varied and is discussed in “Principal Business Activities” below. The Corporation's ROE and ROA were 13.03 percent and 1.13 percent, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 18.97 percent and 1.75 percent, respective, for the year ended December 31, 2006 (17.83 percent and 1.64 percent, adjusted to exclude the effect of the commercial loan pay-off). The decline in these measures resulted from lower earnings in 2007 coupled with asset growth. We have continued to make significant investments in our retail branch network, operations facilities, technology and personnel in order to accommodate our strategic growth initiatives. These investments have increased our operating assets and expenses. However, we expect them to enhance long-term earnings, thus increasing shareholder value. We expect the following factors to influence the Corporation’s financial performance in 2008: • Retail Banking: We expect changes in interest rates to affect the degree to which net interest margin compression occurs at C&F Bank. Interest rate cuts made by the Federal Reserve since September 2007 have immediately reduced the Bank’s yields on variable rate loans without a corresponding reduction in deposit costs. We expect more pronounced net interest margin compression in 2008 if interest rates continue to decline while competition for deposits hinders a decline in rates paid for these funds. General economic trends, particularly an economic slowdown, in C&F Bank’s markets can affect the quality of the loan portfolio. Managing the 20 risks inherent in our loan portfolio will influence C&F Bank’s performance during 2008. Our ability to achieve forecasted deposit and loan growth at our existing bank branches and in particular at our four new bank branches will be affected by both general economic conditions and the increasing level of competition in our markets. • Mortgage Banking: We expect the ongoing effects of lower demand for home mortgage loans resulting from reduced demand in both the new and resale housing markets, the slowing national economy and the fallout from the subprime and alternative loan issues to result in lower origination volume at C&F Mortgage. While a decline in interest rates may spur refinance activity in 2008, the decline in housing market values, coupled with the availability of fewer mortgage loan products and tighter underwriting guidelines, will temper demand. In addition, there is potential repurchase liability to our mortgage company on residential mortgage loans originated and sold into the secondary market. While we mitigate the risk of repurchase liability by underwriting to the purchasers’ guidelines and do not believe that our exposure to this liability is significant at this time, we cannot be assured that a prolonged period of payment defaults and foreclosures will not result in an increase in requests for repurchases, which would adversely affect the Corporation’s net income. • Consumer Finance: We expect changes in interest rates to be a primary factor influencing financial performance at C&F Finance in 2008. If interest rates decline, we expect net interest margin to improve because the majority of the funding for C&F Finance’s fixed-rate loan portfolio is indexed to short-term interest rates and reprices each month. However, if an economic slowdown occurs in C&F Finance’s markets, we would expect more delinquencies and repossessions. Higher gasoline prices, unstable real estate values, reset of adjustable rate mortgages to higher interest rates, increasing unemployment levels, general availability of consumer credit or other factors that impact consumer confidence or disposable income could increase loss frequency and may be accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding loans, which weakens collateral coverage and increases the amount of loss in the event of default. Principal Business Activities An overview of the financial results for each of the Corporation’s principal segments is presented below. A more detailed discussion is included in the section “Results of Operations.” Retail Banking: Pretax earnings for the Retail Banking segment were $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared with $8.7 million in 2006 ($7.6 million, adjusted to exclude the effect of the commercial loan pay-off in 2006). The decline in earnings for 2007 included (1) the effects of margin compression and competition on net interest income, (2) a higher provision for loan losses attributable to loan growth, (3) the effects on operating expenses of the Peninsula and Richmond branch openings and the operations center relocation, (4) higher operational and administrative personnel costs to support growth and (5) the recognition of compensation expense, in accordance with accounting principles effective beginning in 2006, in connection with the Corporation’s issuance of stock options to directors and the issuance of restricted stock to employees under existing plans. Net interest margin compression occurred at the Retail Banking segment as the cost of deposits continued to rise throughout most of 2007, while rates on interest-earning assets remained level through the third quarter of 2007 and began to decline in the fourth quarter of 2007. Approximately half of the Bank’s loans are indexed to the prime interest rate. Therefore, interest income is immediately negatively affected when this index declines. However, the source of funding for these loans, primarily deposits, does not reprice simultaneously with the decline in loan interest rates. Compounding the effect of the deposit repricing disparity is the increased competition for deposits, 21 which has prevented the cost of funds from falling as quickly as the drop in the prime rate index. Growth in the Retail Banking segment’s operations and infrastructure have increased operating expenses, but over time we expect these expenditures will improve efficiency and enhance customer service. C&F Bank opened four new branches within a 15-month period beginning in January 2006. As a result, the Retail Banking segment is incurring operating expenses for these branches before they have generated sufficient new loan and deposit growth to become profitable. Even though these costs will affect the Corporation’s short-term profits, we expect these branches will contribute to the Corporation’s long-term profitability. Mortgage Banking: Pretax earnings for the Mortgage Banking segment, which consists solely of C&F Mortgage Corporation and its subsidiaries, were $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared with $3.8 million in 2006. The decline in earnings for 2007 included (1) the effects of the downturn in the housing market on loan origination volume, which declined 12.3 percent in 2007, (2) an increase in the provision for loan losses as a result of three loans being placed on nonaccrual status and (3) higher operating expenses in 2007 related to new offices and higher business development costs in order to generate loan production. Gains on loan sales declined during 2007 due to lower volumes of loan sales accompanying the reduced origination volume. For 2007, loan originations at C&F Mortgage for refinancings declined to $215 million from $283 million in 2006. Loans originated for new and resale home purchases declined to $613 million in 2007 from $661 million in 2006. In addition to the decrease in loan volume, the Mortgage Banking segment experienced a decrease in net interest income resulting from a lower average balance of loans held for sale. We expect that future earnings for the Mortgage Banking segment may continue to be negatively affected if the overall condition of the housing market results in fewer new and resale home sales and loan refinancings. However, we plan to continue to look for expansion opportunities in new and existing markets that provide the potential for increased loan production. Consumer Finance: Pretax earnings for the Consumer Finance segment, which consists solely of C&F Finance, totaled $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared with pre-tax earnings of $5.0 million in 2006. Earnings of the Consumer Finance segment have benefited from an increase in net interest income resulting from average loan growth of 22.6 percent in 2007. However, the Consumer Finance segment’s net interest margin for 2007 declined as a result of an increase in the cost of variable-rate borrowings throughout most of 2007, without a corresponding increase in the fixed-rate loan portfolio. In addition, C&F Finance has entered into new markets and strengthened its position in existing markets in 2007 resulting in an increase in overhead expenses. We believe that the investments in new markets, technology and people at the Consumer Finance segment have established a platform with the capacity to support current operations and future growth. The provision for loan losses increased in 2007 as a result of higher charge-offs attributable to an increase in the number of vehicles repossessed in 2007, which was largely a result of a weaker economy, coupled with an increasing average balance per loan originated over the last several years. Future earnings at the Consumer Finance segment will be impacted by economic conditions including, but not limited to, the employment market, interest rate levels and the resale market for used automobiles. 22 Capital Management We have managed our capital through growth in assets, stock purchases and increases in dividends as evidenced by the decline in the ratio of average equity to average total assets over the past three years. Total shareholders’ equity decreased $2.8 million to $65.2 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $68.0 million at December 31, 2006. This decline was attributable to dividends to shareholders of $3.8 million and the purchase of 204,520 shares of the Corporation’s common stock totaling $8.4 million during 2007, the effects of which were offset in part by earnings in 2007. The board of directors maintained the quarterly dividend level at 31 cents per share during 2007 despite the decline in earnings, resulting in a dividend payout ratio of 44.5 percent for 2007 compared to 30.2 percent for 2006. The share purchases were made under a board authorization on November 4, 2006 to purchase up to 150,000 shares over the twelve months ending November 3, 2007, which was terminated and replaced by an authorization on July 17, 2007 to purchase up to 150,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock over the twelve months ending July 16, 2008. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS NET INTEREST INCOME The following table shows the average balance sheets for each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. The table also shows the amounts of interest earned on earning assets, with related yields, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, with related rates. Loans include loans held for sale. Loans placed on a nonaccrual status are included in the balances and are included in the computation of yields, but had no material effect. Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis (which converts the income on loans and investments for which no income taxes are paid to the equivalent yield if income taxes were paid using the federal corporate income tax rate of 35 percent in all three years presented). 23 TABLE 1: Average Balances, Income and Expense, Yields and Rates (Dollars in thousands) Assets Securities: Taxable Tax-exempt Total securities Loans, net Interest-bearing deposits in other banks Fed funds sold Total earning assets Allowance for loan losses Total non-earning assets Total assets Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Time and savings deposits: Interest-bearing deposits Money market deposit accounts Savings accounts Certificates of deposit, $100 thousand or more Other certificates of deposit Total time and savings deposits Borrowings Total interest-bearing liabilities Demand deposits Other liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity Net interest income Interest rate spread Interest expense to average earning assets Net interest margin 2007 Average Yield/ Income/ Balance Rate Expense 2006 2005 Average Yield/ Balance Rate Income/ Expense Income/ Expense Average Balance Yield/ Rate $ 11,659 63,280 74,939 601,685 8,238 241 685,103 (14,926) 78,217 $748,394 $ 544 4,349 4,893 60,977 432 11 66,313 4.66% $ 11,349 55,932 6.87 6.53 10.13 5.25 4.67 9.68 67,281 555,517 9,271 -- 632,069 (13,617) 75,863 $694,315 $ 487 3,802 4,289 55,196 454 -- 59,939 4.29% $ 12,989 56,092 6.80 6.37 9.94 4.90 -- 9.48 69,081 507,447 17,168 -- 593,696 (12,213) 65,107 $646,590 $ 527 4,020 4,547 45,118 523 -- 50,188 4.06% 7.17 6.58 8.89 3.05 -- 8.45 $ 82,109 51,624 45,452 912 1,534 301 1.11% $ 87,074 44,820 2.97 49,644 0.66 946 987 353 1.09% $ 81,885 49,909 2.20 54,656 0.71 99,653 169,431 448,269 136,939 585,208 84,365 13,751 683,324 65,070 4,714 7,469 14,930 8,448 23,378 4.73 4.41 3.33 6.17 3.99 79,873 152,879 414,290 120,498 534,788 79,472 16,106 630,366 63,949 3,176 5,690 11,152 7,305 18,457 3.98 3.72 63,432 136,779 2.69 386,661 6.06 101,355 3.45 488,016 76,172 15,808 579,996 66,594 732 708 388 1,717 3,735 7,280 4,717 11,997 0.89% 1.42 0.71 2.71 2.73 1.88 4.65 2.46 $748,394 $694,315 $646,590 $42,935 $41,482 $38,191 5.69% 3.41% 6.27% 6.03% 2.92% 6.56% 5.99% 2.02% 6.43% 24 Interest income and expense are affected by fluctuations in interest rates, by changes in the volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and by the interaction of rate and volume factors. The following table shows the direct causes of the year-to-year changes in the components of net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis. We calculated the rate and volume variances using a formula prescribed by the SEC. Rate/volume variances, the third element in the calculation, are not shown separately in the table, but are allocated to the rate and volume variances in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. Loans include both nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale. TABLE 2: Rate-Volume Recap (Dollars in thousands) Interest income: Loans Securities: Taxable Tax-exempt Interest-bearing deposits in other banks Fed funds sold Total interest income Interest expense: Time and savings deposits: Interest-bearing deposits Money market deposit accounts Savings accounts Certificates of deposit, $100M or more Other certificates of deposit Total time and savings deposits Other borrowings Total interest expense Change in net interest income 2007 Compared to 2006 2007 from 2006 2006 from 2005 Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume Total Increase (Decrease) Total Increase (Decrease) Rate Rate $1,119 $4,662 $5,781 $5,560 $4,518 $10,078 43 42 39 -- 14 505 (61) 11 57 547 (22) 11 29 (207) 235 -- 1,243 5,131 6,374 5,617 22 381 (23) 667 1,121 2,168 131 2,299 (56) 165 (29) 871 658 1,609 1,013 2,622 $(1,056) $2,509 (34) 546 (52) 1,538 1,779 3,777 1,144 4,921 $1,453 165 357 1 940 1,476 2,939 1,593 4,532 $1,085 (69) (11) (304) -- 4,134 49 (78) (36) 519 479 933 995 (40) (218) (69) -- 9,751 214 279 (35) 1,459 1,955 3,872 2,588 1,928 $2,206 6,460 $ 3,291 Net interest income, on a taxable-equivalent basis, for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $42.9 million, compared to $41.5 million for 2006. The net interest margin, on a taxable-equivalent basis, for the year ended December 31, 2007 was 6.27 percent, compared to 6.56 percent for 2006. The net interest margin of 6.56 percent for 2006 included $870,000 of nonaccrued and default interest attributable to the repayment of previously nonperforming loans of one commercial relationship. Excluding the effect of the commercial loan pay-off, the adjusted net interest margin was 6.43 percent for 2006. An increase of 33 basis points in the adjusted yield on interest-earning assets during 2007 was offset by an increase of 54 basis points in the rate on interest-bearing liabilities. Average loans held for investment increased $55.8 million during 2007. The Retail Banking segment’s average loan portfolio increased $26.5 million compared to 2006. This increase was mainly attributable to commercial loan growth. The Consumer Finance segment’s average loan portfolio increased $27.3 million during 2007. This increase was attributable to overall growth at existing locations and expansion into new markets. The Mortgage Banking segment’s average loan portfolio increased $2.0 million during 2007. This increase was 25 attributable to short-term bridge loans, a new product introduced in 2007. Average loans held for sale at the Mortgage Banking segment decreased $9.6 million during 2007. The decrease in the average balances of loans held for sale occurred in response to loan demand, coupled with fluctuations in the timing of loan originations and sales within the periods. The overall yield on loans held for investment and loans held for sale increased as a result of a general increase in interest rates and an increase in higher-yielding Consumer Finance average loans relative to the overall loan portfolio. Average securities available for sale increased $7.7 million during 2007 and their average yield increased 16 basis points. The increase in securities available for sale occurred predominantly in the Retail Banking segment’s municipal portfolio. Additions during 2007 focused on longer-term municipal securities. Yields for 2007 included the receipt of dividends from one preferred stock holding, for which dividend payments had been suspended throughout 2006. Average interest-bearing deposits at other banks, primarily the FHLB, decreased $1.0 million during 2007. Fluctuations in the average balance of these low-yielding deposits occurred in response to loan demand and an increase in the securities portfolio. The average yield on interest-earning deposits at other banks increased 35 basis points during 2007. The higher yields were due to increases in short-term interest rates through mid-2006. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $34.0 million during 2007. However, the increase in interest on deposits was influenced to a greater extent by the increase in deposit rates. The average cost of deposits increased 64 basis points due to the increase in short-term interest rates through mid-2006, coupled with the repricing of maturing certificates of deposit at higher interest rates, a decrease in the proportion of transaction accounts relative to total interest-bearing deposits, and the general competitive environment for core deposit growth. Average borrowings increased $16.4 million during 2007 primarily from increased use of the third-party line of credit by the Consumer Finance segment to fund loan growth and from increased use of short-term and long- term borrowings from the FHLB by the Retail Banking segment to fund subsidiaries. These borrowings are primarily indexed to short-term interest rates and reprice as short-term interest rates change. Accordingly, the average cost of borrowings increased 11 basis points for 2007 as the impact of rising short-term interest rates through mid-2006 more than offset the decline in rates in the fourth quarter of 2007. In addition, unpredictable fluctuations in LIBOR, which are believed to have been triggered in part by the funding crisis caused by the housing markets, temporarily increased the Consumer Finance segment’s variable-rate borrowings during the third quarter of 2007. Interest rates will continue to be a significant factor influencing the performance of all of the Corporation’s business segments. We expect that net interest margin compression in the Retail Segment is likely to occur if interest rates continue to decline as variable rate loans reprice faster than core deposits. We also expect that declining economic conditions and the deteriorating housing and mortgage markets may result in lower overall loan growth and increased yield pressure. 26 2006 Compared to 2005 Net interest income, on a taxable-equivalent basis, for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $41.5 million, compared to $38.2 million for 2005. The net interest margin of 6.56 percent for 2006 included $870,000 of nonaccrued and default interest attributable to the repayment of previously nonperforming loans of one commercial relationship. Excluding the effect of the commercial loan pay-off, the adjusted net interest margin was 6.43 percent for 2006, which was level with the net interest margin for 2005. An increase of 103 basis points in the yield on interest-earning assets during 2006 was offset by an increase of 99 basis points in the rate on interest-bearing liabilities. Average loans held for investment increased $62.7 million during 2006. The Retail Banking segment’s average loan portfolio increased $46.2 million compared to 2005. This increase was mainly attributable to higher loan production in the Virginia Peninsula market and residential construction loan growth. The Consumer Finance segment’s average loan portfolio increased $16.5 million during 2006. This increase was attributable to overall growth at existing locations and the expansion into new markets in late 2006. Average loans held for sale at the Mortgage Banking segment decreased $14.6 million during 2006. Mortgage interest rate trends during 2006 resulted in a 10.8 percent decline in 2006 loan origination volume at the Mortgage Banking segment. The yield on loans held for investment and loans held for sale increased as a result of a general increase in interest rates since mid-2004. Average securities available for sale decreased $1.8 million during 2006. In addition, their average yield declined 21 basis points. The decline in the average balance resulted from the utilization of proceeds from maturities and calls to partially fund the increase in loan demand. The yield decreases reflected the impact of the flat yield curve on long-term interest rates and thus the yield on securities purchased throughout 2006. Average interest-bearing deposits at other banks, primarily the FHLB, decreased $7.9 million during 2006. Fluctuations in the average balance of these low-yielding deposits occurred in response to loan demand. The average yield on interest-earning deposits at other banks increased 185 basis points during 2006. The higher yields were due to increases beginning in mid-2004 in short-term interest rates. Although average time and savings deposits increased $27.6 million during 2006, the increase in interest on deposits was influenced to a greater extent by the increase in deposit rates. The average cost of deposits increased 81 basis points for 2006 due to the increase in short-term interest rates, coupled with the repricing of maturing deposits at higher interest rates. Average borrowings increased $19.1 million during 2006 partially due to a new line of credit and the issuance of trust preferred capital securities in the third quarter of 2005 to fund the Corporation’s purchase of 427,186 shares of its common stock in mid-2005. The increase in average borrowings during 2006 was also attributable to loan growth at the Consumer Finance segment, which was funded in part by a line of credit. The increase in interest on borrowings was influenced to a greater extent by a higher cost of funds, which increased 141 basis points during 2006. The majority of the Corporation’s borrowings during 2006 were indexed to short-term interest rates and repriced as short-term interest rates changed. 27 NONINTEREST INCOME TABLE 3: Noninterest Income (Dollars in thousands) Gains on sales of loans Service charges on deposit accounts Other service charges and fees Gains on calls of available for sale securities Other income Total noninterest income (Dollars in thousands) Gains on sales of loans Service charges on deposit accounts Other service charges and fees Gains on calls of available for sale securities Other income Total noninterest income (Dollars in thousands) Gains on sales of loans Service charges on deposit accounts Other service charges and fees Gains on calls of available for sale securities Other income Total noninterest income 2007 Compared to 2006 Year Ended December 31, 2007 Retail Banking Mortgage Banking $ -- 3,684 1,364 21 342 $5,411 $15,854 -- 2,572 -- 218 $18,644 Consumer Finance $ -- -- 84 -- 506 $590 Other and Eliminations $ (21) -- -- -- 1,254 Total $15,833 3,684 4,020 21 2,320 $ 1,233 $25,878 Year Ended December 31, 2006 Retail Banking Mortgage Banking $ -- 3,471 1,200 105 393 $5,169 $17,149 -- 3,656 -- 22 $20,827 Consumer Finance $ -- -- 245 -- 294 $539 Other and Eliminations $ (51) -- -- -- 903 Total $17,098 3,471 5,101 105 1,612 $ 852 $27,387 Year Ended December 31, 2005 Retail Banking Mortgage Banking $ -- 2,812 1,054 105 371 $4,342 $18,193 -- 3,509 -- 210 $21,912 Consumer Finance $ -- -- 232 -- 185 $ 417 Other and Eliminations $ 1 -- -- -- 912 $ 913 Total $18,194 2,812 4,795 105 1,678 $27,584 Total noninterest income declined 5.5 percent to $25.9 million in 2007. The decrease in noninterest income at the Mortgage Banking segment was attributable to lower gains on loan sales and lower ancillary fees due to the ongoing effects of lower demand for home mortgage loans, tightening secondary market underwriting criteria and increased competition. The decline in noninterest income at the Mortgage Banking segment was offset in part by an increase in noninterest income at (1) the Retail Banking segment attributable to higher service charges and fees on deposit accounts resulting from deposit account growth and the expansion of our overdraft protection services and (2) the Consumer Finance segment attributable to activity-based fees and service charges. Increased revenue from brokerage services further offset the decline in the Mortgage Banking segment. 2006 Compared to 2005 Total noninterest income declined slightly to $27.4 million during 2006. The factors affecting the change in noninterest income during 2006 were essentially the same as those described above for 2007, albeit less pronounced. Namely, lower loan demand at the Mortgage Banking segment, which resulted in a decline in gains on loan sales, was offset in part by higher noninterest income at the Retail Banking and Consumer Finance segments. The expansion of our overdraft protection services began in mid-2006 at the Retail Banking segment and higher service 28 charges and fees generated from loan processing and collections were recognized at the Consumer Finance segment. NONINTEREST EXPENSE TABLE 4: Noninterest Expense (Dollars in thousands) Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy expense Other expenses Total noninterest expense (Dollars in thousands) Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy expense Other expenses Total noninterest expense (Dollars in thousands) Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy expense Other expenses Total noninterest expense 2007 Compared to 2006 Retail Banking $14,626 3,780 5,103 $23,509 Retail Banking $13,001 3,109 4,801 $20,911 Retail Banking $11,368 2,292 4,303 $17,963 Year Ended December 31, 2007 Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance $11,095 1,868 4,222 $17,185 $4,317 384 2,086 $6,787 Year Ended December 31, 2006 Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance $12,137 1,671 4,550 $18,358 $3,146 282 1,767 $5,195 Year Ended December 31, 2005 Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance $13,457 1,356 3,656 $18,469 $2,766 198 1,601 $4,565 Other Total $749 26 115 $890 $30,787 6,058 11,526 $48,371 Other Total $723 25 116 $864 $29,007 5,087 11,234 $45,328 Other $686 25 160 $871 Total $28,277 3,871 9,720 $41,868 Total noninterest expense increased 6.7 percent to $48.4 million in 2007. The Retail Banking and the Consumer Finance segments reported increases in total noninterest expense that were primarily attributable to higher personnel and operating expenses to support growth and technology enhancements at both segments. Noninterest expense of the Retail Banking segment included operating expenses associated with our new Patterson Avenue and Chester retail banking branches in the Richmond, Virginia area, which opened in the first quarter of 2007, our Hampton and Yorktown retail banking branches on the Virginia Peninsula, which opened in 2006, and our new operations center, which opened in late 2005. Noninterest expenses of the Consumer Finance segment included costs associated with building depth in our sales force, entering new markets and increasing the administrative staff to support the increase in the loan portfolio. Total noninterest expense decreased at the Mortgage Banking segment because of lower production-based personnel expenses as a result of the decline in loan production. 29 2006 Compared to 2005 Total noninterest expense increased $3.5 million, or 8.3 percent, to $45.3 million during 2006. The factors affecting the change in noninterest expense during 2006 were essentially the same as those described above for 2007. The Retail Banking and the Consumer Finance segments reported increases in total noninterest expense that were primarily attributable to higher personnel and operating expenses to support growth and technology enhancements at both segments. Total noninterest expense declined during 2006 for the Mortgage Banking segment because production-based costs decreased in tandem with lower origination volume. However, the decline was offset in part by higher overhead associated with opening new loan production offices in 2006 and 2005. Noninterest expenses of the Mortgage Banking segment in 2006 included $108,000 of expenses, in excess of the Corporation’s insurance coverage, associated with a $2.2 million embezzlement perpetrated by two former employees of C&F Mortgage. INCOME TAXES Applicable income taxes on 2007 earnings amounted to $3.3 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 28.3 percent, compared with $5.4 million, or 30.9 percent, in 2006 and $5.2 million, or 30.5 percent, in 2005. The decline in the effective tax rate during 2007 resulted from higher tax-exempt income on securities and loans as a percentage of pretax income. 30 ASSET QUALITY Allowance and Provision for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses represents an amount that, in our judgment, will be adequate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The provision for loan losses increases the allowance, and loans charged off, net of recoveries, reduce the allowance. The following table presents the Corporation’s loan loss experience for the periods indicated: TABLE 5: Allowance for Loan Losses (Dollars in thousands) Allowance, beginning of period Provision for loan losses: Retail Banking and Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance Total provision for loan losses Loans charged off: Real estate—residential Commercial, financial and agricultural Consumer Consumer Finance Total loans charged off Recoveries of loans previously charged off: Real estate—residential Commercial, financial and agricultural Consumer Consumer Finance Total recoveries Net loans charged off Allowance, end of period Ratio of net charge-offs to average total loans outstanding during period for Retail Banking and Mortgage Banking Ratio of net charge-offs to average total loans outstanding during period for Consumer Finance 2007 $ 14,216 Year Ended December 31, 2005 2006 $ 13,064 $11,144 2004 $ 8,657 400 6,730 7,130 34 2 187 7,077 7,300 (250) 4,875 4,625 32 97 229 4,735 5,093 400 5,120 5,520 — 20 227 4,738 4,985 200 3,826 4,026 — 7 96 2,592 2,695 2003 $6,722 525 2,642 3,167 — 15 86 1,844 1,945 1 125 114 1,677 1,917 5,383 $ 15,963 1 69 146 1,404 1,620 3,473 — — 68 49 39 57 1,049 1,279 1,156 1,385 1,539 3,600 $ 14,216 $13,064 $11,144 — 34 33 646 713 1,232 $8,657 — .03% .03% — .01% 3.65% 2.76% 3.33% 1.78% 1.60% During 2007, there was a $417,000 increase in the allowance for loan losses at the combined Retail Banking and Mortgage Banking segments compared to December 31, 2006. This increase was attributable to loan growth at C&F Bank and an increase in nonaccrual loans at C&F Mortgage. The Mortgage Banking segment has a $4.5 million portfolio of loans held for investment. Three loans totaling $732,000 in this portfolio were on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2007. There were no nonaccrual loans at the Mortgage Banking segment at December 31, 2006. Therefore, the Mortgage Banking segment provided for a $120,000 loan loss allowance in 2007. We believe that the current level of the allowance for loan losses at the combined Retail and Mortgage Banking segments is appropriate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The Consumer Finance segment, consisting solely of C&F Finance, accounted for the majority of the activity in the allowance for loan losses during 2007. C&F Finance’s allowance for loan losses increased to $11.2 million at December 31, 2007 from $9.9 million at December 31, 2006, and its provision for loan losses increased $1.9 million. The increase in the provision for loan losses was primarily attributable to higher net charge-offs in 2007 resulting 31 from an increase in the number of vehicles repossessed in 2007, coupled with an increasing average balance per loan originated over the last several years. We believe that the current level of the allowance for loan losses at the Consumer Finance segment is appropriate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Loan Loss Allowance Methodology-Retail and Mortgage Banking. We conduct an analysis of the loan portfolio on a regular basis. We use this analysis to assess the sufficiency of the allowance for loan losses and to determine the necessary provision for loan losses. The review process generally begins with loan officers identifying problem loans to be reviewed on an individual basis for impairment. In addition to these loans, all commercial loans are considered for individual impairment testing. Impairment testing includes consideration of the current collateral value for each loan, as well as any known internal or external factors that may affect collectibility. When we identify a loan as impaired, we may establish a specific allowance based on the difference between the carrying value of the loan and its computed fair value. We segregate the loans meeting the criteria for special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss, as well as impaired loans, from performing loans within the portfolio. We then group loans by loan type (e.g., commercial, consumer) and by risk rating (e.g., substandard, doubtful). We assign each loan type an allowance factor based on the associated risk, complexity and size of the individual loans within the particular loan category. We assign classified loans a higher allowance factor than non-rated loans within a particular loan type based on our concerns regarding collectibility or our knowledge of particular elements surrounding the borrower. Our allowance factors increase with the severity of classification. Allowance factors used for unclassified loans are based on our analysis of charge-off history and our judgment based on the overall analysis of the lending environment including the general economic conditions. The allowance for loan losses is the aggregate of specific allowances, the calculated allowance required for classified loans by category and the general allowance for each portfolio type. In conjunction with the methodology described above, we consider the following risk elements that are inherent in the loan portfolio: • Residential real estate loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit- worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. • Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a Bank loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project. • Commercial real estate loans may carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project. • Commercial business loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business, which is usually the source of loan repayment, and the value of the collateral, which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision as real estate. • Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral (e.g., rapidly-depreciating assets such as automobiles), or lack thereof. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. 32 Loan Loss Allowance Methodology – Consumer Finance. The Consumer Finance segment’s loans consist of non- prime automobile loans. These loans carry risks associated with (1) the continued credit-worthiness of borrowers who may be unable to meet the credit standards imposed by most traditional automobile financing sources and (2) the value of rapidly-depreciating collateral. These loans do not lend themselves to a classification process because of the short duration of time between delinquency and repossession. Therefore, the loan loss allowance review process generally focuses on the rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses. Allowance factors also include an analysis of charge-off history and our judgment based on the overall analysis of the lending environment. The allocation of the allowance at December 31 for the years indicated and the ratio of related outstanding loan balances to total loans are as follows: TABLE 6: Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses (Dollars in thousands) Allocation of allowance for loan losses, end of year: Real estate—residential mortgage Real estate—construction Commercial, financial and agricultural1 Equity lines Consumer Consumer finance Unallocated Balance, December 31 Ratio of loans to total year-end loans: Real estate—residential mortgage Real estate—construction Commercial, financial and agricultural1 Equity lines Consumer Consumer finance 1Includes loans secured by real estate 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 $ 684 267 3,384 143 265 11,220 -- $ 502 136 3,031 134 326 9,890 197 $ 402 202 3,776 124 214 8,346 -- $ 337 129 3,736 92 166 6,684 -- $15,963 $14,216 $13,064 $11,144 20% 5 43 4 1 27 22% 2 44 5 2 25 20% 4 45 5 2 24 21% 3 46 5 2 23 $ 615 112 3,175 98 256 4,401 -- $8,657 22% 3 46 4 3 22 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 33 Nonperforming Assets Table 7 summarizes nonperforming assets at December 31, of each of the past five years. TABLE 7: Nonperforming Assets Retail and Mortgage Banking (Dollars in thousands) 2007 2006 2005 2004 Total nonperforming assets Accruing loans past due for 90 days or more Nonaccrual loans Real estate owned $ 955 — $ 955 $1,629 $4,326 0.24% Nonperforming assets to total loans* and real estate owned 1.08 Allowance for loan losses to total loans* and real estate owned 452.98 Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming assets *Total loans above does not include consumer finance loans at C&F Finance, which are shown directly below. 0.28% 1.07 386.55 Allowance for loan losses $ 1,227 — $ 1,227 $ 4,743 $ 578 $4,083 — $4,336 — 2003 $1,993 8 $4,083 $4,336 $2,001 $3,826 $1,580 $1,092 $4,718 $4,460 $4,256 1.11% 1.29 115.56 1.39% 1.43 102.88 0.72% 1.52 212.69 Consumer Finance (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual loans Accruing loans past due for 90 days or more Allowance for loan losses Nonaccrual consumer finance loans to total consumer finance loans Allowance for loan losses to total consumer finance loans 2007 2006 2005 2004 $ 1,388 $ — $11,220 0.87% 7.00% $ 880 $ 8 $9,890 0.66% 7.44% $1,819 $ 26 $8,346 1.64% 7.51% $1,330 $ 481 $6,684 1.42% 7.15% 2003 $1,149 $ 233 $4,401 1.44% 5.52% Nonperforming assets of the combined Retail and Mortgage Banking segments at December 31, 2007 included $732,000 of nonaccrual loans at the Mortgage Banking segment, which accounted for the increase in nonperforming assets. However, the ratio of nonperforming assets to total loans remains below one percent and we believe that the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans and the coverage ratio are indicative of an appropriate reserve level at December 31, 2007. Although increasing, nonaccrual loans of the Consumer Finance segment as a percentage of total consumer finance loans remains less than one percent at December 31, 2007. While the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans declined 44 basis points since December 31, 2006, the overall allowance for loan losses increased to $11.2 million at December 31, 2007 from $9.9 million at December 31, 2006. A decline in the loan loss allowance ratio can occur during periods of significant loan growth, such as 2007, because the purchase of a contract does not necessarily simultaneously give rise to an allowance. We use historical charge-off experience factors, such as delinquency status when each charge-off occurs, to determine the amount of losses inherent in the portfolio at the reporting date. These assumptions are revised periodically and may be affected by actual performance of the loans or other factors. Based on our experience since acquiring C&F Finance, we believe the level of the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses currently inherent in our consumer finance portfolio. However, because the allowance for loan losses is based on estimates, there can be no assurance that actual charge-off amounts will not vary from such estimates. In accordance with its policies and guidelines and consistent with industry practices, C&F Finance, at times, offers payment deferrals to borrowers, whereby the borrower is allowed to move up to two payments within a twelve-month rolling period to the end of the loan, generally by paying a fee. An account for which all delinquent 34 payments are deferred is classified as current at the time the deferment is granted and therefore is not included as a delinquent account. Thereafter, such an account is aged based on the timely payment of future installments in the same manner as any other account. We evaluate the results of this deferment strategy based upon the amount of cash installments that are collected on accounts after they have been deferred versus the extent to which the collateral underlying the deferred accounts has depreciated over the same period of time. Based on this evaluation, we believe that payment deferrals granted according to our policies and guidelines are an effective portfolio management technique and result in higher ultimate cash collections from the portfolio. Payment deferrals may affect the ultimate timing of when an account is charged off. Increased use of deferrals may result in a lengthening of the loss confirmation period, which would increase expectations of credit losses inherent in the portfolio and therefore increase the allowance for loan losses and related provision for loan losses. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses generally increase at the Consumer Finance segment. These periods also may be accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding loans, which weakens collateral coverage and increases the amount of a loss in the event of default. Significant increases in the inventory of used automobiles during periods of economic recession may also depress the prices at which we may sell repossessed automobiles or delay the timing of these sales. Because C&F Finance focuses on non-prime borrowers, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses on these loans are higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry and could be more dramatically affected by a general economic downturn. While we manage the higher risk inherent in loans made to non-prime borrowers through the underwriting criteria and collection methods employed by C&F Finance, we cannot guarantee that these criteria or methods will afford adequate protection against these risks. However, we believe that the current allowance for loan losses is appropriate to absorb any losses on existing Consumer Finance segment loans that may become uncollectible. We generally place loans at the Retail Banking, Mortgage Banking and Consumer Finance segments on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due, or earlier, if collection is uncertain based on an evaluation of the net realizable value of the collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on accrual status if we determine we have adequate collateral to cover the principal and interest. For those loans that are carried on nonaccrual status, payments are first applied to principal outstanding. We would have recorded additional gross interest income of $56,000 for 2007, $70,000 for 2006 and $270,000 for 2005 if nonaccrual loans had been current throughout these periods. Interest received on nonaccrual loans was $219,000 in 2007, $41,000 in 2006 (adjusted to exclude $870,000 of nonaccrued and default interest collected on the commercial loan pay-off) and $193,000 in 2005. At the Consumer Finance segment, automobiles securing the loans are generally repossessed after a loan becomes more than 60 days delinquent. Repossessions are handled by independent repossession firms engaged by C&F Finance and must be approved by a collections representative. After the prescribed waiting period, the repossessed automobile is sold in a third-party auction. We credit the proceeds from the sale of the automobile, and any other recoveries, against the balance of the loan. Proceeds from the sale of the repossessed vehicle and other recoveries are usually not sufficient to cover the outstanding balance of the loan, and the resulting deficiency is charged off. The charge-off represents the difference between the actual net sale proceeds minus collections and repossession expenses and the principal balance of the delinquent loan. C&F Finance pursues collection of deficiencies when it deems such action to be appropriate. 35 We measure impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate of the loan or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. We consider a loan impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments as scheduled in the loan agreement. We do not consider a loan impaired during a period of delay in payment if we expect the ultimate collectibility of all amounts due. We maintain a valuation allowance to the extent that the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment. The balance of impaired loans was $291,000 and $781,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, for which no specific valuation allowance was deemed necessary. The average balance of impaired loans was $557,000 for 2007, $2.24 million for 2006 and $4.2 million for 2005. FINANCIAL CONDITION SUMMARY A financial institution’s primary sources of revenue are generated by its earning assets, while its major expenses are produced by the funding of those assets with interest-bearing liabilities. Effective management of these sources and uses of funds is essential in attaining a financial institution’s maximum profitability while maintaining an acceptable level of risk. At December 31, 2007, the Corporation had total assets of $785.6 million compared to $734.5 million at December 31, 2006. The increase was principally a result of an increase in loans held for investment at the Retail Banking and Consumer Finance segments and an increase in investment securities at the Retail Banking segment, which were offset in part by a decline in interest-bearing deposits in other banks used to partially fund loan growth and a decline in loans held for sale. Asset growth was primarily funded with increased borrowings. LOAN PORTFOLIO General Through the Retail Banking segment, we engage in a wide range of lending activities, which include the origination, primarily in the Banking segment’s market area, of (1) one-to-four family and multi-family residential mortgage loans, (2) commercial real estate loans, (3) construction loans, (4) land acquisition and development loans, (5) consumer loans and (6) commercial business loans. We engage in non-prime automobile lending through the Consumer Finance segment and in residential mortgage lending through the Mortgage Banking segment with loans sold to third-party investors. At December 31, 2007, the Corporation’s loans held for investment in all categories totaled $601.8 million and loans held for sale totaled $34.1 million. 36 Tables 8 and 9 present information pertaining to the composition of loans and maturity/repricing of loans. TABLE 8: Summary of Loans Held for Investment (Dollars in thousands) Real estate—residential mortgage Real estate—construction Commercial, financial, and agricultural Equity lines Consumer Consumer finance 1 Total loans Less allowance for loan losses Total loans, net 1 Includes loans secured by real estate December 31, 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 $ 122,705 26,719 257,951 25,282 8,991 160,196 601,844 (15,963) $ 115,557 13,650 236,157 24,880 8,951 132,864 532,059 (14,216) $ 96,423 20,222 216,081 24,662 9,574 111,141 478,103 (13,064) $ 85,080 13,315 185,646 18,490 9,620 93,464 405,615 (11,144) $ 77,878 9,591 167,207 13,044 11,405 79,702 358,827 (8,657) $585,881 $517,843 $465,039 $394,471 $350,170 TABLE 9: Maturity/Repricing Schedule of Loans (Dollars in thousands) Variable Rate: Within 1 year 1 to 5 years After 5 years Fixed Rate: Within 1 year 1 to 5 years After 5 years December 31, 2007 Commercial, Financial, and Agricultural Real Estate Construction $160,124 -- -- $ 15,539 52,615 29,673 $12,388 -- -- $14,331 -- -- The increase in loans held for investment occurred predominantly in (1) the variable-rate categories of real estate and commercial loans and (2) the fixed-rate category of consumer loans at C&F Finance. Typically, growth in the variable-rate categories will negatively affect net interest margin in a declining rate environment. Fixed-rate consumer loans at C&F Finance are predominantly funded by variable rate borrowings; therefore, net interest margin will be favorably impacted in a declining interest rate environment. Credit Policy The Corporation’s credit policy establishes minimum requirements and provides for appropriate limitations on overall concentration of credit within the Corporation. The policy provides guidance in general credit policies, underwriting policies and risk management, credit approval, and administrative and problem asset management policies. The overall goal of the Corporation’s credit policy is to ensure that loan growth is accompanied by acceptable asset quality with uniform and consistently applied approval, administration, and documentation practices and standards. Residential Mortgage Lending – Held for Sale The Mortgage Banking segment’s guidelines for underwriting conventional conforming loans comply with the underwriting criteria established by Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac. The guidelines for non-conforming conventional loans are based on the requirements of private investors and information provided by third-party investors. The guidelines used by C&F Mortgage to originate FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed loans comply with 37 the criteria established by HUD and the VA. The conventional loans that C&F Mortgage originates or purchases that have loan-to-value ratios greater than 80 percent at origination are generally insured by private mortgage insurance. The borrower pays the cost of the insurance. Residential Mortgage Lending – Held for Investment The Retail Banking segment originates residential mortgage loans secured by properties located in its primary market area in southeastern and central Virginia. The Bank offers various types of residential mortgage loans in addition to traditional long-term, fixed-rate loans. The majority of such loans include 10 and 15 year amortizing mortgage loans with fixed rates of interest and fixed-rate mortgage loans with terms of 20, 25 and 30 years but subject to call after five years at the option of the Bank. Loans associated with residential mortgage lending are included in the real estate—residential mortgage category in Table 8. Construction Lending The Retail Banking segment has an active construction lending program. The Bank makes loans primarily for the construction of one-to-four family residences and, to a lesser extent, multi-family dwellings. The Bank also makes construction loans for office and warehouse facilities and other nonresidential projects, generally limited to borrowers that present other business opportunities for the Bank. The amounts, interest rates and terms for construction loans vary, depending upon market conditions, the size and complexity of the project, and the financial strength of the borrower and any guarantors of the loan. The term for the Bank’s typical construction loan ranges from nine months to 15 months for the construction of an individual residence and from 15 months to a maximum of three years for larger residential or commercial projects. The Bank does not typically amortize its construction loans, and the borrower pays interest monthly on the outstanding principal balance of the loan. The interest rates on the Bank’s construction loans are fixed and variable. The Bank does not generally finance the construction of commercial real estate projects built on a speculative basis. For residential builder loans, the Bank limits the number of models and/or speculative units allowed depending on market conditions, the builder’s financial strength and track record and other factors. Generally, the maximum loan-to-value ratio for one-to-four family residential construction loans is 80 percent of the property’s fair market value, or 85 percent of the property’s fair market value if the property will be the borrower’s primary residence. The fair market value of a project is determined on the basis of an appraisal of the project conducted by an appraiser acceptable to the Bank. For larger projects where unit absorption or leasing is a concern, the Bank may also obtain a feasibility study or other acceptable information from the borrower or other sources about the likely disposition of the property following the completion of construction. Construction loans for nonresidential projects and multi-unit residential projects are generally larger and involve a greater degree of risk to the Bank than residential mortgage loans. The Bank attempts to minimize such risks (1) by making construction loans in accordance with the Bank’s underwriting standards and to established customers in its primary market area and (2) by monitoring the quality, progress and cost of construction. Generally, the maximum loan-to-value ratio established by the Bank for non-residential projects and multi-unit residential projects is 80 percent; however, this maximum can be waived for particularly strong borrowers on an exception basis. Loans associated with construction lending are included in the real estate—construction category in Table 8. 38 Consumer Lot Lending Consumer lot loans are loans made to individuals for the purpose of acquiring an unimproved building site for the construction of a residence that generally will be occupied by the borrower. Consumer lot loans are made only to individual borrowers, and each borrower generally must certify to the Bank his intention to build and occupy a single-family residence on the lot generally within three or five years of the date of origination of the loan. These loans typically have a maximum term of either three or five years with a balloon payment of the entire balance of the loan being due in full at the end of the initial term. The interest rate for these loans is fixed or variable at a rate that is slightly higher than prevailing rates for one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. We do not believe consumer lot loans bear as much risk as land acquisition and development loans because such loans are not made for the construction of residences for immediate resale, are not made to developers and builders, and are not concentrated in any one subdivision or community. The Bank also purchases lot loans originated by C&F Mortgage. These loans must satisfy the Bank’s underwriting criteria, including loan-to-value and credit score guidelines. Loans associated with consumer lot lending are included in the real estate—construction category in Table 8. Commercial Real Estate Lending The Bank’s commercial real estate loans are primarily secured by the value of real property and the income arising from such property. The proceeds of commercial real estate loans are generally used by the borrower to finance or refinance the cost of acquiring and/or improving a commercial property. The properties that typically secure these loans are office and warehouse facilities, hotels, retail facilities, restaurants and other commercial properties. The Bank’s present policy is generally to restrict the making of commercial real estate loans to borrowers who will occupy or use the financed property in connection with their normal business operations. However, the Bank also will consider making commercial real estate loans under the following two conditions. First, the Bank will consider making commercial real estate loans for other purposes if the borrower is in strong financial condition and presents a substantial business opportunity for the Bank. Second, the Bank will consider making commercial real estate loans to creditworthy borrowers who have substantially pre-leased the improvements to high-caliber tenants. The Bank’s commercial real estate loans are usually amortized over a period of time ranging from 15 years to 25 years and usually have a term to maturity ranging from five years to 15 years. These loans normally have provisions for interest rate adjustments after the loan is three to five years old. The Bank’s maximum loan-to-value ratio for a commercial real estate loan is 80 percent; however, this maximum can be waived for particularly strong borrowers on an exception basis. Most commercial real estate loans are further secured by one or more unconditional personal guarantees. In recent years, the Bank has structured some of its commercial real estate loans as mini-permanent loans. The amortization period, term and interest rates for these loans vary based on borrower preferences and the Bank’s assessment of the loan and the degree of risk involved. If the borrower prefers a fixed rate of interest, the Bank usually offers a loan with a fixed rate of interest for a term of three to five years with an amortization period of up to 25 years. The remaining balance of the loan is due and payable in a single balloon payment at the end of the initial term. We believe that shorter maturities for commercial real estate loans are necessary to give the Bank some 39 protection from changes in the borrower’s business and income as well as changes in general economic conditions. In the case of fixed-rate commercial real estate loans, shorter maturities also provide the Bank with an opportunity to adjust the interest rate on this type of interest-earning asset in accordance with the Bank’s asset and liability management strategies. Loans secured by commercial real estate are generally larger and involve a greater degree of risk than residential mortgage loans. Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate are usually dependent on successful operation or management of the properties securing such loans, repayment of such loans is subject to changes in both general and local economic conditions and the borrower’s business and income. As a result, events beyond the control of the Bank, such as a downturn in the local economy, could adversely affect the performance of the Bank’s commercial real estate loan portfolio. The Bank seeks to minimize these risks by lending to established customers and generally restricting its commercial real estate loans to its primary market area. Emphasis is placed on the income producing characteristics and capacity of the collateral. Loans associated with commercial real estate lending are included in the commercial, financial and agricultural category in Table 8. Land Acquisition and Development Lending Land acquisition and development loans are made to builders and developers for the purpose of acquiring unimproved land to be developed for residential building sites, residential housing subdivisions, multi-family dwellings and a variety of commercial uses. The Bank’s policy is to make land acquisition loans to borrowers for the purpose of acquiring developed lots for single-family, townhouse or condominium construction. The Bank will make both land acquisition and development loans to residential builders, experienced developers and others in strong financial condition to provide additional construction and mortgage lending opportunities for the Bank. The Bank underwrites and processes land acquisition and development loans in much the same manner as commercial construction loans and commercial real estate loans. For land acquisition and development loans, the Bank uses lower loan-to-value ratios, which are a maximum of 65 percent for raw land, 75 percent for land development and improved lots and 80 percent of the discounted appraised value of the property as determined in accordance with the Bank’s appraisal policies for developed lots for single-family or townhouse construction. The Bank can waive the maximum loan-to-value ratio for particularly strong borrowers on an exception basis. The term of land acquisition and development loans ranges from a maximum of two years for loans relating to the acquisition of unimproved land to, generally, a maximum of three years for other types of projects. All land acquisition and development loans generally are further secured by one or more unconditional personal guarantees. Because these loans are usually in a larger amount and involve more risk than consumer lot loans, the Bank carefully evaluates the borrower’s assumptions and projections about market conditions and absorption rates in the community in which the property is located and the borrower’s ability to carry the loan if the borrower’s assumptions prove inaccurate. Loans associated with land acquisition and development lending are included in the commercial, financial and agricultural category in Table 8. Commercial Business Lending Commercial business loan products include revolving lines of credit to provide working capital, term loans to finance the purchase of vehicles and equipment, letters of credit to guarantee payment and performance, and 40 other commercial loans. In general, these credit facilities carry the unconditional guaranty of the owners and/or stockholders. Revolving and operating lines of credit are typically secured by all current assets of the borrower, provide for the acceleration of repayment upon any event of default, are monitored monthly or quarterly to ensure compliance with loan covenants, and are re-underwritten or renewed annually. Interest rates generally will float at a spread tied to the Bank’s prime lending rate. Term loans are generally advanced for the purchase of, and are secured by, vehicles and equipment and are normally fully amortized over a term of two to five years, on either a fixed or floating rate basis. Loans associated with commercial business lending are included in the commercial, financial and agricultural category in Table 8. Home Equity and Second Mortgage Lending The Bank offers its customers home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans that enable customers to borrow funds secured by the equity in their homes. Currently, home equity lines of credit are offered with adjustable rates of interest that are generally priced at a spread to the prime lending rate. Second mortgage loans are offered with fixed and adjustable rates. Call option provisions are included in the loan documents for some longer-term, fixed-rate second mortgage loans, and these provisions allow the Bank to make interest rate adjustments for such loans. Second mortgage loans are granted for a fixed period of time, usually between five and 20 years, and home equity lines of credit are made on an open-end, revolving basis. Home equity loans, second mortgage loans and other consumer loans secured by a personal residence generally do not present as much risk to the Bank as other types of consumer loans. The Bank also purchases home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans originated by C&F Mortgage. These loans must satisfy the Bank’s underwriting criteria, including loan-to-value and credit score guidelines. Loans associated with home equity and second mortgage lending are included in the equity lines category in Table 8. Consumer Lending The Bank offers a variety of consumer loans, including automobile, personal secured and personal unsecured, credit card, and loans secured by savings accounts or certificates of deposit. The shorter terms and generally higher interest rates on consumer loans help the Bank maintain a profitable spread between its average loan yield and its cost of funds. Consumer loans secured by collateral other than a personal residence generally involve more credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the type and nature of the collateral or, in certain cases, the absence of collateral. However, the Bank believes the higher yields generally earned on such loans compensate for the increased credit risk associated with such loans. Loans associated with consumer lending are included in the consumer category in Table 8. Automobile Sales Finance C&F Finance has an extensive automobile dealer network through which it purchases installment contracts throughout its markets. Branch personnel have a specific credit authority based upon their experience and historical loan portfolio results, as well as established underwriting criteria. Although the credit approval process is 41 decentralized, C&F Finance’s application processing system includes controls designed to ensure that credit decisions comply with its underwriting policies and procedures. Finance contract application packages completed by prospective borrowers are submitted by the automobile dealers electronically through a third-party online automotive sales and finance platform to C&F Finance’s automated origination and application scoring system, which processes the credit bureau report, generates all relevant loan calculations and recommends the contract structure. C&F Finance personnel with credit authority review the system-generated recommendations and determine whether to approve or deny the application. The credit decision is based primarily on the applicant’s credit history with emphasis on prior auto loan history, current employment status, income, collateral type and mileage, and the contract-to-value ratio. C&F Finance’s underwriting and collateral guidelines form the basis for the credit decision. Exceptions to credit policies and authorities must be approved by a designated credit officer. C&F Finance’s typical borrowers have experienced prior credit difficulties. Because C&F Finance serves customers who are unable to meet the credit standards imposed by most traditional automobile financing sources, we expect C&F Finance to sustain a higher level of credit losses than traditional automobile financing sources. However, C&F Finance generally charges interest at higher rates than those charged by traditional financing sources. These higher rates should more than offset the increase in the provision for loan losses for this segment of the Corporation’s loan portfolio. Loans associated with automobile sales finance are included in the consumer finance category in Table 8. SECURITIES The investment portfolio plays a primary role in the management of the Corporation’s interest rate sensitivity and generates substantial interest income. In addition, the portfolio serves as a source of liquidity and is used as needed to meet collateral requirements. The investment portfolio consists of securities available for sale, which may be sold in response to changes in market interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, increases in loan demand, general liquidity needs and other similar factors. These securities are carried at estimated fair value. The following table sets forth the composition of the Corporation’s securities available for sale in dollar amounts at fair value and as a percentage of the Corporation’s total securities available for sale at the dates indicated: (Dollars in thousands) U.S. government agencies and corporations Mortgage-backed securities Obligations of states and political subdivisions Total debt securities Preferred stock Total available for sale securities December 31, 2007 Amount Percent December 31, 2006 Amount Percent $ 7,467 1,771 68,150 77,388 3,867 $ 81,225 9% 2 84 95 5 100% $ 6,222 2,208 55,027 63,457 4,127 $ 67,584 9% 3 82 94 6 100% The increase in securities available for sale occurred predominantly in the municipal portfolio. Additions since December 31, 2006 focused on longer-term municipal securities. 42 Table 10 presents additional information pertaining to the composition of the securities portfolio by contractual maturity. TABLE 10: Maturity of Securities (Dollars in thousands) U.S. government agencies and corporations: Maturing within 1 year Maturing after 1 year, but within 5 years Maturing after 5 years, but within 10 years Maturing after 10 years Total U.S. government agencies and corporations Mortgage backed securities: Maturing within 1 year Maturing after 1 year, but within 5 years Total mortgage backed securities 1 States and municipals: Maturing within 1 year Maturing after 1 year, but within 5 years Maturing after 5 years, but within 10 years Maturing after 10 years Total states and municipals 2 Total securities: Maturing within 1 year Maturing after 1 year, but within 5 years Maturing after 5 years, but within 10 years Maturing after 10 years Total securities 1 Year Ended December 31, 2005 2007 Weighted Weighted Average Average Yield Yield Weighted Average Yield Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Amortized Cost 2006 $ 250 1,998 2,973 2,225 7,446 154 1,622 1,776 4,005 18,595 28,167 16,442 67,209 4,409 22,215 31,140 18,667 3.50% 4.19 5.61 6.16 5.32 5.34 4.64 4.64 5.32 6.24 6.47 6.21 6.27 5.21 5.93 6.39 6.21 $ 498 2,747 2,443 625 6,313 38 2,198 2,236 1,213 16,254 24,017 12,437 53,921 1,749 21,199 26,460 13,062 2.97% 4.46 5.55 6.82 5.00 3.39 4.77 4.75 4.38 6.06 6.75 6.41 6.41 3.95 5.71 6.64 6.42 $ -- 2,740 3,495 -- 6,235 348 2,240 2,588 1,103 11,192 22,592 16,242 51,129 1,451 16,172 26,087 16,242 $76,431 6.14% $62,470 6.21% $59,952 --% 4.25 5.01 -- 4.68 5.91 4.70 4.86 4.85 6.03 6.92 6.64 6.60 5.10 5.53 6.67 6.64 6.33% Yields on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a taxable-equivalent basis. 2 Total securities excludes preferred stock at amortized cost of $4.0 million at December 31, 2007; $3.9 million at December 31, 2006; and $4.1 million at December 31, 2005. (estimated fair value of $3.9 million at December 31, 2007; $4.1 million at December 31, 2006; and $4.1 million at December 31, 2005). DEPOSITS The Corporation’s predominant source of funds is depository accounts, which are comprised of demand deposits, savings and money market accounts, and time deposits. The Corporation’s deposits are principally provided by individuals and businesses located within the communities served. Deposits totaled $527.6 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $532.8 million at December 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily attributable to (1) the decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits, which totaled $80.0 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $90.3 million at December 31, 2006 and (2) the decrease in savings and interest-bearing demand deposits, which totaled $184.6 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $188.5 million at December 31, 2006, which were offset in part by the increase in time deposits to $262.9 million at December 31, 2007 from $254.1 million at December 31, 2006. The decrease in savings and interest-bearing demand deposits resulted primarily from a decrease in municipal deposit accounts, which was partially offset by strong money market deposit growth in the four new branches opened in 2006 and 2007. The increase in time deposits 43 resulted from the effect of our competitive rate-setting strategies and the issuance of $3.0 million of brokered certificates of deposit. Total deposits at December 31, 2006 increased $37.4 million, or 7.5 percent, over December 31, 2005. Deposit growth in 2006 occurred in all of the Bank’s market regions in 2006. Table 11 presents the average deposit balances and average rates paid for the years 2007, 2006 and 2005. TABLE 11: Average Deposits and Rates Paid (Dollars in thousands) Noninterest-bearing demand deposits Interest-bearing transaction accounts Money market deposit accounts Savings accounts Certificates of deposit, $100M or more Other certificates of deposit Total interest-bearing deposits Total deposits Year Ended December 31, 2007 Average Balance $ 84,365 82,109 51,624 45,452 99,653 169,431 448,269 $532,634 Average Rate 1.11% 2.97 0.66 4.73 4.41 3.33% 2006 Average Balance Average Rate 2005 Average Balance Average Rate $ 79,472 87,074 44,820 49,644 79,873 152,879 414,290 $493,762 1.09% 2.20 0.71 3.98 3.72 2.69% $ 76,172 81,885 49,909 54,656 63,432 136,779 386,661 $462,833 0.89% 1.42 0.70 2.71 2.74 1.88% Table 12 details maturities of certificates of deposit with balances of $100,000 or more at December 31, 2007. TABLE 12: Maturities of Certificates of Deposit with Balances of $100,000 or More (Dollars in thousands) 3 months or less 3-6 months 6-12 months Over 12 months Total BORROWINGS December 31, 2007 $13,566 16,140 51,264 16,036 $97,006 In addition to deposits, the Corporation utilizes short-term borrowings from the FHLB to fund its day-to- day operations. Short-term borrowings also include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which are secured transactions with customers and generally mature the day following the day sold, an overnight fed funds line with a regional correspondent bank, as well as a short-term line of credit with a third-party lender for general corporate purposes. Long-term borrowings consist of advances from the FHLB and advances under a non-recourse revolving bank line of credit. All FHLB advances are secured by a blanket floating lien on all qualifying real estate loans. The bank line of credit is non-recourse and is secured by loans at C&F Finance. In December, 2007, C&F Financial Statutory Trust II (Trust II), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation, was formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred capital securities for general corporate purposes including the refinancing of existing debt. On December 14, 2007, Trust II issued $10.0 million of trust preferred capital securities in a private placement to an institutional investor and $310,000 in common equity to the Corporation. The principal asset of Trust II is $10.3 million of the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes. In July 2005, C&F Financial Statutory Trust I (Trust I), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation, was formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred capital securities to partially fund the Corporation’s purchase of 427,186 44 shares of its common stock. On July 21, 2005, Trust I issued $10.0 million of trust preferred capital securities in a private placement to an institutional investor and $310,000 in common equity to the Corporation. The principal asset of Trust I is $10.3 million of the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes. For further information concerning the Corporation’s borrowings, refer to Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 7: Borrowings.” OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS To meet the financing needs of customers, the Corporation is a party, in the normal course of business, to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in addition to the amount on the balance sheet. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. We use the same credit policies in making these commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance-sheet instruments. We obtain collateral based on our credit assessment of the customer in each circumstance. Loan commitments are agreements to extend credit to a customer provided that there are no violations of the terms of the contract prior to funding. Commitments have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee by the customer. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The total amount of unused loan commitments was $98.0 million at December 31, 2007 and $93.3 million at December 31, 2006. Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The total contract amount of standby letters of credit, whose contract amounts represent credit risk, was $7.1 million at December 31, 2007 and $8.8 million at December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2007, C&F Mortgage had rate lock commitments to originate mortgage loans aggregating $22.8 million and loans held for sale of $34.1 million. C&F Mortgage has entered into corresponding commitments with third party investors to sell loans of approximately $56.9 million. Under the contractual relationship with these investors, C&F Mortgage is obligated to sell the loans only if the loans close. No other obligation exists. As a result of these contractual relationships with these investors, C&F Mortgage is not exposed to losses, nor will it realize gains, related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates. C&F Mortgage sells substantially all of the residential mortgage loans it originates to third-party investors, some of whom require the repurchase of loans in the event of early default or faulty documentation. Mortgage loans and their related servicing rights are sold under agreements that define certain eligibility criteria for the mortgage loans. Recourse periods vary from 90 days up to one year and conditions for repurchase vary with the investor. We include recourse considerations in our calculation of the Corporation’s capital adequacy. Payments made under these recourse provisions were $84,000 in 2007, $62,000 in 2006 and $29,000 in 2005. Risks also arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. C&F Mortgage has procedures in place to evaluate the credit risk of investors and does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations. 45 LIQUIDITY The objective of the Corporation’s liquidity management is to ensure the continuous availability of funds to satisfy the credit needs of our customers and the demands of our depositors, creditors and investors. Stable core deposits and a strong capital position are the components of a solid foundation for the Corporation’s liquidity position. Additional sources of liquidity available to the Corporation include cash flows from operations, loan payments and payoffs, deposit growth, sales of securities, the issuance of brokered certificates of deposit and the capacity to borrow additional funds. Liquid assets, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits at other banks, federal funds sold and nonpledged securities available for sale, totaled $58.5 million at December 31, 2007. The Corporation’s funding sources consist of (1) an established federal funds line with a regional correspondent bank that had no outstanding balance under a total line of $14.0 million as of December 31, 2007, (2) an established line with the FHLB that had $66.9 million outstanding under a total line of $124.6 million as of December 31, 2007, (3) a revolving line of credit with a third-party bank that had $86.0 million outstanding under a total line of $100.0 million as of December 31, 2007 and (4) a revolving line of credit with a third-party bank that had no outstanding balance under a total line of $7.0 million as of December 31, 2007. We have no reason to believe these arrangements will not be renewed at maturity. Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more maturing in less than a year totaled $81.0 million at December 31, 2007; certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more maturing in more than one year totaled $16.0 million. The following table presents the Corporation’s contractual obligations and scheduled payment amounts due at various intervals over the next five years and beyond as of December 31, 2007: CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS (Dollars in thousands) Payments Due by Period Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years Bank lines of credit $ 85,959 $ -- 66,900 19,400 $85,959 -- $ -- 17,500 $ -- 30,000 20,620 -- -- -- 20,620 FHLB advances1 Trust preferred capital notes Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Operating leases 2,883 1,043 2,568 2,568 -- 1,182 -- 658 -- -- $87,141 $178,930 $23,011 Total 1FHLB advances include convertible advances of $17.5 million maturing in 2012, $12.5 million maturing in 2014 and $17.5 million maturing in 2017. These advances have fixed rates of interest unless the FHLB exercises its option to convert the interest on these advances from fixed-rate to variable-rate (i.e., the conversion date). We can elect to repay the advances in whole or in part on their respective conversion dates and on any interest payment dates thereafter without the payment of a fee if the FHLB elects to convert the advances. However, we would incur a fee if we repay the advances prior to their respective conversion dates, if the FHLB does not convert the advance on the conversion date, or, after notification of conversion, on any date other than the conversion date or any interest payment date thereafter. For further information concerning the Corporation’s FHLB borrowings, refer to Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 7: Borrowings.” $50,620 $18,158 46 As a result of the Corporation’s management of liquid assets and the ability to generate liquidity through liability funding, we believe that we maintain overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy the Corporation’s operational requirements and contractual obligations. CAPITAL RESOURCES The assessment of capital adequacy depends on such factors as asset quality, liquidity, earnings performance, and changing competitive conditions and economic forces. We regularly review the adequacy of the Corporation’s capital. We maintain a structure that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and to absorb potential losses. During 2007, the Corporation purchased 54,800 shares of its common stock in negotiated and open-market transactions at prices ranging between $32.50 and $43.20 in accordance with a board-approved stock purchase program that will expire in July 2008. Purchases of 149,720 shares at prices between $37.25 and $45.07 per share were made in accordance with a board-approved stock purchase program, which was terminated in July 2007. The board of directors authorized these stock purchases because the Corporation’s capital level exceeded its ongoing operational needs and regulatory requirements. While we will continue to look for opportunities to invest capital in profitable growth, share purchases are another tool that facilitates improving shareholder return, as measured by ROE and earnings per share. The Corporation’s capital position continues to exceed regulatory minimum requirements. The primary indicators relied on by bank regulators in measuring the capital position are the Tier 1 capital, total risk-based capital, and leverage ratios, as previously described in the “Regulation and Supervision” section of Item 1. The Corporation’s Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset ratio was 11.2 percent at December 31, 2007, compared with 11.3 percent at December 31, 2006. The total capital to risk-weighted asset ratio was 12.8 percent at December 31, 2007, compared with 12.6 percent at December 31, 2006. The Tier 1 leverage ratio was 9.4 percent at December 31, 2007, compared with 9.6 percent at December 31, 2006. These ratios are in excess of the mandated minimum requirements. A portion of the trust preferred securities issued in December 2007 and July 2005 are treated as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy determination purposes. Shareholders’ equity was $65.2 million at year-end 2007 compared with $68.0 million at year-end 2006. The dividend payout ratio was 44.5 percent in 2007, 30.2 percent in 2006 and 28.3 percent in 2005. During 2007, the Corporation declared dividends of $1.24 per share, up 6.9 percent from $1.16 per share per share in 2006. We are not aware of any current recommendations by any regulatory authorities that, if implemented, would have a material effect on the Corporation’s liquidity, capital resources or results of operations. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Recent accounting pronouncements affecting the Corporation are described in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies-Recent Accounting Pronouncements.” 47 EFFECTS OF INFLATION The effect of changing prices is typically different for financial institutions than for other entities because a financial institution’s assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Interest rates are significantly impacted by inflation, but neither the timing nor the magnitude of the changes is directly related to price-level indices. The consolidated financial statements reflect the impacts of inflation on interest rates, loan demands and deposits. USE OF CERTAIN NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES In addition to results presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), we have presented certain non-GAAP financial measures for the year ended December 31, 2006 throughout this Form 10-K, which are reconciled to GAAP financial measures below. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide information useful to investors in understanding the Corporation’s performance trends and facilitate comparisons with its peers. Specifically, we believe the exclusion of a significant recovery of income recognized in a single accounting period permits a comparison of results for ongoing business operations, and it is on this basis that we internally assess the Corporation’s performance for 2006 and establish goals for future periods. Although we believe the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Form 10-K enhance investors’ understandings of the Corporation’s performance, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Reconciliation of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Dollars in thousands, except for per share data) * 2007 2006 For the Year Ended December 31, Net Income and Earnings Per Share Net income (GAAP) Nonaccrual and default interest attributable to loan transaction, net of income taxes (GAAP) Reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to loan transaction, net of income taxes (GAAP) Net income, excluding nonaccrual and default interest and reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to loan transaction Weighted average shares – assuming dilution (GAAP) Weighted average shares – basic (GAAP) Earnings per share – assuming dilution GAAP Excluding nonaccrual and default interest and reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to loan transaction Earnings per share – basic GAAP Excluding nonaccrual and default interest and reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to A $8,480 $12,129 - - $8,480 3,161 3,039 (565) (163) $11,401 3,273 3,152 B C D A/C $2.68 $3.71 B/C A/D $2.68 $2.79 $3.48 $3.85 loan transaction B/D $2.79 $3.62 48 Reconciliation of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Continued) (Dollars in thousands, except for per share data) * 2007 2006 For the Year Ended December 31, Return on Average Assets Average assets (GAAP) Return on average assets GAAP Excluding nonaccrual and default interest and reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to E $748,394 $694,315 A/E 1.13% 1.75% loan transaction B/E 1.13% 1.64% Return on Average Equity Average equity (GAAP) Return on average equity GAAP Excluding nonaccrual and default interest and reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to F $65,070 $63,949 A/F 13.03% 18.97% loan transaction B/F 13.03% 17.83% Retail Banking Segment Net Income Pretax income (GAAP) Nonaccrual and default interest attributable to loan transaction, net of income taxes (GAAP) Reduction in loan loss allowance attributable to loan transaction, net of income taxes (GAAP) Pretax income, excluding nonaccrual and default interest and reduction in loan loss allowance attributable $4,335 $8,731 - - (870) (250) to loan transaction $4,335 $7,611 Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Net interest income (GAAP) Taxable-equivalent adjustment Taxable-equivalent net interest income (GAAP) Nonaccrual and default interest attributable to loan transaction (GAAP) Taxable-equivalent net interest income, excluding nonaccrual and default interest attributable to loan transaction Average interest-earning assets (GAAP) Net interest margin (GAAP) Net interest margin, excluding nonaccrual and default Interest attributable to loan transaction $41,447 1,488 42,935 $40,125 1,357 41,482 - (870) $42,935 $40,612 $685,103 6.27% $632,069 6.56% 6.27% 6.43% G H I G/I H/I * The letters included in this column are provided to show how the various ratios presented in the Reconciliation of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures are calculated. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The Corporation’s primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will impact the amount of interest income and expense the Corporation receives or pays on a significant portion of its assets and liabilities and the market value of its interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, excluding those which have a very short term until maturity. The Corporation does not subject itself to foreign currency 49 exchange rate risk or commodity price risk due to the current nature of its operations. The Corporation did not have any outstanding hedging transactions, such as interest rate swaps, floors or caps, at December 31, 2007. The primary objective of the Corporation’s asset/liability management process is to maximize current and future net interest income within acceptable levels of interest rate risk while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements. Management recognizes that a certain amount of interest rate risk is inherent and appropriate. Thus the goal of interest rate risk management is to maintain a balance between risk and reward such that net interest income is maximized while risk is maintained at an acceptable level. The Corporation assumes interest rate risk as a result of its normal operations. The fair values of most of the Corporation’s financial instruments will change when interest rates change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Corporation. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Corporation’s overall interest rate risk. We use simulation analysis to assess earnings at risk and economic value of equity (EVE) analysis to assess economic value at risk. These methods allow management to regularly monitor both the direction and magnitude of the Corporation’s interest rate risk exposure. These modeling techniques involve assumptions and estimates that inherently cannot be measured with complete precision. Key assumptions in the analyses include maturity and repricing characteristics of both assets and liabilities, prepayments on amortizing assets, other embedded options, non-maturity deposit sensitivity and loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are inherently uncertain due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors. However, the analyses are useful in quantifying risk and provide a relative gauge of the Corporation’s interest rate risk position over time. Simulation analysis evaluates the potential effect of upward and downward changes in market interest rates on future net interest income. The analysis involves changing the interest rates used in determining net interest income over the next twelve months. The resulting percentage change in net interest income in various rate scenarios is an indication of the Corporation’s shorter-term interest rate risk. The analysis utilizes a “static” balance sheet approach, which assumes changes in interest rates without any management response to change the composition of the balance sheet. The measurement date balance sheet composition is maintained over the simulation time period with maturing and repayment dollars being rolled back into like instruments for new terms at current market rates. Additional assumptions are applied to modify volumes and pricing under the various rate scenarios. These include prepayment assumptions on mortgage assets, the sensitivity of non-maturity deposit rates, and other factors that management deems significant. The simulation analysis results are presented in the table below. These results, based on a measurement date balance sheet as of December 31, 2007, indicate that the Corporation would expect net interest income to decrease over the next twelve months 1.48 percent assuming an immediate downward shift in market interest rates of 200 basis points (BP) and to decrease 1.22 percent if rates shifted upward in the same manner. 50 1-Year Net Interest Income Simulation (dollars in thousands) Assumed Market Interest Rate Shift -200 BP shock +200 BP shock Hypothetical Change in Net Interest Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2007 Dollars ($668) ($552) Percentage (1.48%) (1.22%) The EVE analysis provides information on the risk inherent in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the simulation analysis due to the shorter time horizon used in that analysis. The EVE of the balance sheet is defined as the discounted present value of expected asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of the expected liability cash flows. The analysis involves changing the interest rates used in determining the expected cash flows and in discounting the cash flows. The resulting percentage change in net present value in various rate scenarios is an indication of the longer term repricing risk and options embedded in the balance sheet. The EVE analysis results are presented in the table below. These results as of December 31, 2007 indicate that the EVE would decrease 7.06 percent assuming an immediate downward shift in market interest rates of 200 BP and would decrease 7.07 percent if rates shifted upward in the same manner. Static EVE Change (dollars in thousands) Assumed Market Interest Rate Shift -200 BP shock +200 BP shock Hypothetical Change in EVE Percentage Dollars (7.06%) ($6,102) (7.07%) ($6,106) In the analyses above, net interest income and the EVE decline in both an immediate downward and upward shift in interest rates. In a rising rate environment, the Corporation’s assets would take longer to reprice than what the Corporation pays on its borrowings and deposits primarily due to the longer maturity or repricing dates of its investment and loan portfolios. However, in a falling rate environment the analyses assume that adjustable-rate assets will continue to reprice downward and fixed-rate assets with prepayment or callable options will reprice at lower rates while certain deposits can not reprice any lower. At C&F Mortgage, we enter into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (i.e., rate lock commitments). The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 15 days to 90 days. The Corporation protects itself from changes in interest rates by entering into loan purchase agreements with third party investors that provide for the investor to purchase loans at the same terms (including interest rate) as committed to the borrower. Under the contractual relationship with the purchaser of each loan, the Corporation is obligated to sell the loan to the purchaser only if the loan closes. No other obligation exists. As a result of these contractual relationships with purchasers of loans, the Corporation is not exposed to losses nor will it realize gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates. We believe that our current interest rate exposure is manageable and does not indicate any significant exposure to interest rate changes. 51 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in thousands, except for share and per share amounts) Assets Cash and due from banks Interest-bearing deposits in other banks Federal funds sold Total cash and cash equivalents Securities—available for sale at fair value, amortized cost of $80,425 and $66,407, respectively Loans held for sale, net Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $15,963 and $14,216, respectively Federal Home Loan Bank stock Corporate premises and equipment, net Accrued interest receivable Goodwill Other assets Total assets Liabilities Deposits Noninterest-bearing demand deposits Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits Time deposits Total deposits Short-term borrowings Long-term borrowings Trust preferred capital notes Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingent liabilities Shareholders’ Equity Preferred stock ($1.00 par value, 3,000,000 shares authorized) Common stock ($1.00 par value, 8,000,000 shares authorized, 3,019,591 and 3,182,411 shares issued and outstanding, respectively) Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income, net Total shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity See notes to consolidated financial statements. 52 December 31, 2007 2006 $ 11,115 319 829 12,263 81,255 34,083 585,881 4,387 32,854 5,069 10,724 19,080 $ 785,596 $ 80,002 184,620 262,949 527,571 21,968 133,459 20,620 2,115 14,639 720,372 — — 2,979 — 62,048 197 65,224 $ 785,596 $ 11,496 17,010 — 28,506 67,584 53,504 517,843 2,093 33,189 4,432 10,724 16,593 $ 734,468 $ 90,260 188,450 254,125 532,835 12,462 92,284 10,310 1,915 16,656 666,462 — — 3,159 324 64,402 121 68,006 $734,468 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Interest income Interest and fees on loans Interest on money market investments Interest and dividends on securities U.S. government agencies and corporations Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions Corporate bonds and other Total interest income Interest expense Savings and interest-bearing deposits Certificates of deposit, $100M or more Other time deposits Borrowings Trust preferred capital notes Total interest expense Net interest income Provision for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses Noninterest income Gains on sales of loans Service charges on deposit accounts Other service charges and fees Gain on calls of available for sale securities Other income Total noninterest income Noninterest expenses Salaries and employee benefits Occupancy expenses Other expenses Total noninterest expenses Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Earnings per common share—basic Earnings per common share—assuming dilution Year Ended December 31, 2007 2006 2005 $ 60,938 443 $ 55,112 454 $45,035 523 296 2,608 540 64,825 2,747 4,714 7,469 7,724 724 23,378 41,447 7,130 34,317 15,833 3,684 4,020 21 2,320 25,878 30,787 6,058 11,526 48,371 11,824 3,344 $ 8,480 $ 2.79 $ 2.68 255 2,335 426 58,582 2,287 3,176 5,690 6,640 664 18,457 40,125 4,625 35,500 17,098 3,471 5,101 105 1,612 27,387 29,007 5,087 11,234 45,328 17,559 5,430 $ 12,129 $ 3.85 $ 3.71 281 2,379 552 48,770 1,828 1,717 3,735 4,447 270 11,997 36,773 5,520 31,253 18,194 2,812 4,795 105 1,678 27,584 28,277 3,871 9,720 41,868 16,969 5,181 $11,788 $ 3.49 $ 3.36 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 53 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Balance December 31, 2004 Purchase of common stock Stock options exercised Comprehensive income Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Unrealized holding losses on securities, net of reclassification adjustment Comprehensive income Cash dividends ($1.00 per share) Balance December 31, 2005 Purchase of common stock Stock options exercised Share-based compensation Comprehensive income Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Unrealized holding losses on securities, net of reclassification adjustment Comprehensive income Adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158, net of tax Cash dividends ($1.16 per share) Balance December 31, 2006 Purchase of common stock Stock options exercised Share-based compensation Comprehensive income Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Changes in defined benefit plan assets and benefit obligations, net of tax Unrealized holding losses on securities, net of reclassification adjustment Comprehensive income Cash dividends ($1.24 per share) Balance December 31, 2007 Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital $3,539 (427) 29 $ 80 (371) 474 Comprehensive Income Retained Earnings $64,323 (16,842) $11,788 11,788 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income $1,957 Total $69,899 (17,640) 503 11,788 3,141 (14) 32 183 (504) 548 97 3,159 (204) 24 324 (1,166) 543 299 (1,125) $10,663 (1,125) (1,125) (3,339) 55,930 832 $12,129 12,129 (3,339) 60,086 (518) 580 97 12,129 (67) $12,062 (67) (67) (644) 121 (3,657) 64,402 (7,065) $ 8,480 8,480 (644) (3,657) 68,006 (8,435) 567 299 8,480 301 (225) $ 8,556 301 301 (225) (225) $2,979 $ — (3,769) $62,048 $ 197 (3,769) $65,224 Disclosure of reclassification amount for the year ended December 31: Unrealized net holding (losses) gains arising during period Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income Net unrealized losses on securities 2007 $ (211) 14 $ (225) 2006 $ 1 68 $ (67) 2005 $(1,057) 68 $(1,125) See notes to consolidated financial statements. 54 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in thousands) Operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation Deferred income taxes Provision for loan losses Share-based compensation Accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on securities, net Net realized gain on securities Origination of loans held for sale Sale of loans Change in other assets and liabilities: Accrued interest receivable Other assets Accrued interest payable Other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities available for sale Purchase of securities available for sale Net (purchases) redemptions of FHLB stock Investment in statutory trust Net increase in customer loans Purchase of corporate premises and equipment Disposal of corporate premises and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities: Net (decrease) increase in demand, interest-bearing demand and savings deposits Net increase in time deposits Net increase in borrowings Issuance of trust preferred capital notes Purchase of common stock Proceeds from exercise of stock options Cash dividends Net cash provided by financing activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Supplemental disclosure Interest paid Income taxes paid Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 2007 $ 8,480 $ 12,129 $ 11,788 2,563 (1,112) 7,130 299 2,007 (970) 4,625 97 1,549 (1,115) 5,520 — 50 (21) (828,379) 847,800 35 (105) (944,300) 930,473 12 (105) (1,058,804) 1,067,693 (637) (1,106) 200 (1,554) 33,713 6,189 (20,235) (2,294) (310) (75,168) (2,251) 23 (94,046) (768) (2,580) 609 3,843 5,095 7,671 (9,987) (217) — (57,429) (6,120) 71 (66,011) (623) 2,393 692 (377) 28,623 11,990 (6,142) 154 (310) (76,088) (12,461) 69 (82,788) (14,088) 8,824 50,681 10,310 (8,435) 567 (3,769) 44,090 (16,243) 28,506 9,516 38,788 13,719 10,310 (17,640) 503 (3,339) 51,857 (2,308) 45,186 $ 12,263 $ 28,506 $ 42,878 4,565 32,832 12,742 -- (518) 580 (3,657) 46,544 (14,372) 42,878 $ 23,178 $ 17,848 $ 11,305 6,653 5,935 4,087 Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities Unrealized (losses) on securities available for sale Pension adjustment $ (347) 463 $ (103) $ (1,731) -- (990) See notes to consolidated financial statements. 55 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C&F Financial Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Citizens and Farmers Bank. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, C&F Financial Corporation owns C&F Financial Statutory Trust I and C&F Financial Statutory Trust II, which are unconsolidated subsidiaries. The subordinated debt owed to these trusts is reported as a liability of the Corporation. The accounting and reporting policies of C&F Financial Corporation and subsidiary (the Corporation) conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to predominant practices within the banking industry. Nature of Operations: C&F Financial Corporation is a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Corporation owns all of the stock of its subsidiary, Citizens and Farmers Bank (the Bank), which is an independent commercial bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Bank and its subsidiaries offer a wide range of banking and related financial services to both individuals and businesses. The Bank has five wholly-owned subsidiaries: C&F Mortgage Corporation and Subsidiaries (C&F Mortgage), C&F Finance Company (C&F Finance), C&F Title Agency, Inc., C&F Investment Services, Inc. and C&F Insurance Services, Inc., all incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. C&F Mortgage, organized in September 1995, was formed to originate and sell residential mortgages and through its subsidiaries, Hometown Settlement Services LLC, Certified Appraisals LLC, Foundation Home Mortgage and C&F Reinsurance LTD, provides ancillary mortgage loan production services, such as loan settlements, title searches and residential appraisals. C&F Finance, acquired on September 1, 2002, is a regional finance company providing automobile loans principally in Virginia, Tennessee, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, Kentucky and West Virginia. C&F Title Agency, Inc., organized in October 1992, primarily sells title insurance to the mortgage loan customers of the Bank and C&F Mortgage. C&F Investment Services, Inc., organized in April 1995, is a full-service brokerage firm offering a comprehensive range of investment services. C&F Insurance Services, Inc., organized in July 1999, owns an equity interest in an insurance agency that sells insurance products to customers of the Bank, C&F Mortgage and other financial institutions that have an equity interest in the agency. Business segment data is presented in Note 16. Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the projected benefit obligation under the defined benefit pension plan, the valuation of deferred taxes and goodwill impairment. Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk: Substantially all of the Corporation’s lending activities are with customers located in Virginia, Maryland and portions of Tennessee. Note 3 discusses the Corporation’s lending activities. The Corporation invests in a variety of securities, principally obligations of U.S. government agencies and obligations of states and political subdivisions. Note 2 presents the Corporation’s investment activities. The Corporation does not have any significant concentrations in any one industry or to any one customer. Cash and Cash Equivalents: For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, balances due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature within 90 days. Securities: Investments in debt and equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified as either held to maturity, available for sale, or trading, based on management’s intent. Currently all of the Corporation’s investment securities are classified as available for sale. Available for sale securities are carried at estimated fair value with the corresponding unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other 56 comprehensive income. Gains or losses are recognized in earnings on the trade date using the amortized cost of the specific security sold. Loans Held for Sale: Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, determined in the aggregate. Fair value considers commitment agreements with investors and prevailing market prices. Substantially all loans originated by C&F Mortgage are held for sale to outside investors. Loans: The Corporation makes mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers. Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their unpaid principal balances adjusted for charges-offs, unearned discounts, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans, and the allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is credited to operations based on the principal amount outstanding. Unearned discounts on certain installment loans are recognized as income over the terms of the loans by a method that approximates the effective interest method. Loan fees and origination costs are deferred and the net amount is amortized as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield using the level-yield method. The Corporation is amortizing these amounts over the contractual life of the related loans. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the collection of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due, or earlier, if collection is uncertain based on an evaluation of the net realizable value of the collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on accrual status if management determines it has adequate collateral to cover the principal and interest. For those loans that are carried on nonaccrual status, payments are first applied to principal outstanding. The Corporation considers a loan impaired when it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments as scheduled in the loan agreement. A loan is not considered impaired during a period of delay in payment if the ultimate collectibility of all amounts due is expected. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Corporation does not separately identify individual consumer and residential loans for impairment disclosures. Consistent with the Corporation’s method for nonaccrual loans, payments on impaired loans are first applied to principal outstanding. Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectibility of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance represents an amount that, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectibility of loans while taking into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions which may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, overall portfolio quality and review of specific potential losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as loss, doubtful, substandard or special mention. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments: In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation has entered into commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. 57 Rate Lock Commitments: The Corporation enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (i.e., rate lock commitments). The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 15 to 90 days. The Corporation protects itself from changes in interest rates by entering into loan purchase agreements with third party investors that provide for the investor to purchase loans at the same terms (including interest rate) as committed to the borrower. Under the contractual relationship with the purchaser of each loan, the Corporation is obligated to sell the loan to the purchaser only if the loan closes. No other obligation exists. As a result of these contractual relationships with purchasers of loans, the Corporation is not exposed to losses nor will it realize gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates. Federal Home Loan Bank Stock: Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock is carried at cost. No ready market exists for this stock and it has no quoted market value. For presentation purposes, such stock is assumed to have a market value that is equal to cost. In addition, such stock is not considered a debt or equity security in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets. Corporate Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Buildings and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation computed using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives range from ten to forty years for buildings and from three to ten years for equipment, furniture and fixtures. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. Upon sale or retirement of depreciable properties, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are netted against proceeds and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in income. Goodwill: The Corporation adopted SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, effective January 1, 2002. Accordingly, goodwill is no longer subject to amortization over its estimated useful life, but is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value based test. Additionally, under SFAS 142, acquired intangible assets (such as core deposit intangibles) are separately recognized if the benefit of the asset can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, and are amortized over their useful life. The Corporation’s goodwill was recognized in connection with the Bank’s acquisition of C&F Finance in September 2002. The annual test for impairment was completed during the fourth quarter of 2007 and it was determined there was no impairment to be recognized in 2007. Sale of Loans: Transfers of loans are accounted for as sales when control over the loans has been surrendered. Control over transferred loans is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the loans have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred loans and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred loans through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. Income Taxes: The Corporation determines deferred income tax assets and liabilities using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined annually for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, 58 if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more- likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the statement of income. Retirement Plan: The compensation cost of an employee’s pension benefit under the Bank’s defined benefit pension plan is recognized on the projected unit credit method over the employee’s approximate service period. The aggregate cost method is utilized for funding purposes. In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The funded status of a benefit plan is measured as the difference between plan assets at fair value and the benefit obligation. For a pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation. SFAS 158 also requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position. SFAS 158 also requires additional disclosure in the notes to financial statements about certain effects on net periodic benefit cost for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition asset or obligation. The Corporation was required to initially recognize the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan and to provide the required disclosures as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006. The requirement to measure plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the employers’ fiscal year- end statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. The Bank has a non-contributory, defined benefit pension plan, which is subject to the provisions of SFAS 158. In connection with the implementation of SFAS 158 in 2006, the Corporation recognized a $644,000 loss as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. A valuation of the Bank’s plan was performed as of October 1, 2007 and it was determined that the plan was underfunded. As a result, the Corporation has recognized a pension liability of $269,000 at December 31, 2007 and has recognized a $301,000 gain as a component of other comprehensive income. Share-Based Compensation: At December 31, 2007, the Corporation has three share-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 12. Effective January 1, 2006, the Corporation adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, which requires that the Corporation recognize expense related to the fair value of share-based compensation awards in net income. Prior to January 1, 2006, the Corporation accounted for its share-based compensation plans under the recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related Interpretations. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense was not recognized in net income because all options granted under these plans had an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. However, notes to prior financial statements included pro forma disclosures of the effect on net income and earnings per share as if the Corporation had applied the fair value recognition provision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to share-based compensation. The following table presents the pro forma disclosures for the year ended December 31, 2005. 59 (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Net income, as reported Total stock-based compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards Pro forma net income Earnings per share: Basic – as reported Basic – pro forma Diluted – as reported Diluted – pro forma Year Ended December 31, 2005 $11,788 (2,305) $ 9,483 $ 3.49 $ 2.81 $ 3.36 $ 2.70 The Corporation elected to follow the modified prospective transition method allowed by SFAS 123(R). Under the modified prospective transition method, compensation expense is recognized prospectively for all unvested options outstanding at January 1, 2006 and for all awards modified or granted after that date. On December 20, 2005, the Corporation accelerated the vesting of all unvested stock options outstanding under the Corporation’s three share- based compensation plans. The board of directors accelerated the vesting of these options in order to eliminate the Corporation’s recognition of compensation expense associated with these options under the SFAS 123(R) modified prospective transition method. Because there were no unvested options outstanding at January 1, 2006, no share- based compensation expense has been recognized in 2007 and 2006 for options granted prior to January 1, 2006. Compensation expense for grants of restricted shares is accounted for using the fair market value of the Corporation’s common stock on the date the restricted shares are awarded. Compensation expense for grants of stock options is accounted for using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Compensation expense for restricted shares and stock options is charged to income ratably over the vesting period. Compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 included $299,000 ($186,000 after tax) and $97,000 ($60,000 after tax), respectively, for options and restricted stock granted during 2007 and 2006. As of December 31, 2007, there was $1.30 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options and restricted stock that will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods. SFAS 123(R) requires the Corporation to estimate forfeitures when recognizing compensation expense and that this estimate of forfeitures be adjusted over the requisite service period or vesting schedule based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures in future periods, if any, will be recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change, which will impact the amount of estimated unamortized compensation expense to be recognized in future periods. Earnings Per Common Share: Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially-dilutive common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Corporation relate to outstanding stock options and unvested restricted shares and are determined using the treasury stock method. Earnings per share calculations are presented in Note 8. Comprehensive Income: Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in defined benefit plan assets and liabilities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. These components are presented in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity. Shareholders’ Equity: During 2007, the Corporation purchased 54,800 shares of its common stock in negotiated and open-market transactions at prices ranging between $32.50 and $43.20 in accordance with a board-approved stock purchase program that will expire in July 2008. Purchases of 149,720 shares at prices between $37.25 and 60 $45.07 per share were made in accordance with a board-approved stock purchase program, which was terminated in July 2007. During 2006, the Corporation purchased 13,257 shares of its common stock in open-market transactions. Purchases of 135 shares at prices between $39.50 and $39.99 per share were made in accordance with a board-approved stock purchase program, which was terminated in July 2007. Purchases of 13,122 shares at prices between $37.75 and $40.00 per share were made in accordance with a board-approved stock purchase program, which expired in November 2006. On July 27, 2005, the Corporation completed a tender offer and purchased 427,186 shares of its common stock at $41 per share. The total cost of the share purchase, including transaction costs, approximated $17.64 million. Refer to Note 7 for a discussion of the issuance of trust preferred capital securities and the Corporation’s related issuance of trust preferred capital notes to partially fund this purchase. In December 2005, the Corporation purchased 100 shares in an open-market transaction at $37.27 per share under the previously-mentioned stock purchase program, which expired in November 2006. Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather, provides enhanced guidance to other pronouncements that require or permit assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those years. The FASB approved a one-year deferral for the implementation of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of SFAS 157 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. The fair value option established by SFAS 159 permits all entities to choose to measure eligible items at fair value at specified election dates. A business entity shall report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option may be applied instrument by instrument and is irrevocable. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. The Corporation is currently evaluating the effect SFAS 159 may have on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations. SFAS 141(R) will significantly change the financial accounting and reporting of business combination transactions. SFAS 141(R) establishes principles for how an acquirer recognizes and measures the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141(R) is effective for acquisition dates on or after the beginning of an entity’s first year that begins after December 15, 2008. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of SFAS 141(R) to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements an Amendment of ARB No. 51. SFAS 160 will significantly change the financial accounting and reporting of noncontrolling (or minority) interests in consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008, with early adoption permitted. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of SFAS 160 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In September 2006, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) issued EITF 06-4, Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements. EITF 06-4 concludes that for a split-dollar life insurance arrangement within the scope of this Issue, an employer should recognize a liability for 61 future benefits in accordance with SFAS 106 (if, in substance, a postretirement benefit plan exists) or APB Opinion No. 12 (if the arrangement is, in substance, an individual deferred compensation contract) based on the substantive agreement with the employee. The consensus is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007, with early application permitted. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of EITF 06-4 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2006, the EITF issued EITF 06-10, Accounting for Collateral Assignment Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements. EITF 06-10 concludes that an employer should recognize a liability for the postretirement benefit related to a collateral assignment split-dollar life insurance arrangement in accordance with either SFAS 106 or APB Opinion No. 12, as appropriate, if the employer has agreed to maintain a life insurance policy during the employee's retirement or provide the employee with a death benefit based on the substantive agreement with the employee. A consensus also was reached that an employer should recognize and measure an asset based on the nature and substance of the collateral assignment split-dollar life insurance arrangement. The consensuses are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early application permitted. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of EITF 06-10 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2007, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 158-1, Conforming Amendments to the Illustrations in FASB Statements No. 87, No. 88 and No. 106 and to the Related Staff Implementation Guides. FSP No. FAS 158-1 provides conforming amendments to the illustrations in SFAS 87, 88, and 106 and to related staff implementation guides as a result of the issuance of SFAS 158. The conforming amendments made by this FSP are effective as of the effective dates of SFAS 158. The unaffected guidance that this FSP codifies into SFAS 87, 88, and 106 does not contain new requirements and therefore does not require a separate effective date or transition method. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of FSP No. FAS 158-1 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 109, Written Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through Earnings. SAB 109 expresses the current view of the staff that the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan should be included in the measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings. SEC registrants are expected to apply the views in Question 1 of SAB 109 on a prospective basis to derivative loan commitments issued or modified in fiscal quarters beginning after December 15, 2007. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of SAB 109 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2007, the SEC issued SAB No. 110, Use of a Simplified Method in Developing Expected Term of Share Options. SAB 110 expresses the current view of the staff that it will accept a company’s election to use the simplified method discussed in SAB 107 for estimating the expected term of “plain vanilla” share options regardless of whether the company has sufficient information to make more refined estimates. The staff noted that it understands that detailed information about employee exercise patterns may not be widely available by December 31, 2007. Accordingly, the staff will continue to accept, under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method beyond December 31, 2007. The Corporation does not expect the implementation of SAB 110 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. 62 NOTE 2: Securities Debt and equity securities are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Available for Sale U.S. government agencies and corporations Mortgage-backed securities Obligations of states and political subdivisions Preferred stock Amortized Cost $ 7,446 1,776 67,209 3,994 $80,425 December 31, 2007 Gross Unrealized Losses Gross Unrealized Gains $ 36 11 1,032 204 $1,283 Estimated Fair Value $ 7,467 1,771 68,150 3,867 $81,255 $ (15) (16) (91) (331) $(453) (Dollars in thousands) Available for Sale U.S. government agencies and corporations Mortgage-backed securities Obligations of states and political subdivisions Preferred stock December 31, 2006 Gross Unrealized Losses Gross Unrealized Gains $ 3 6 1,165 219 $1,393 $ (94) (34) (59) (29) $(216) Amortized Cost $ 6,313 2,236 53,921 3,937 $66,407 Estimated Fair Value $ 6,222 2,208 55,027 4,127 $67,584 The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at December 31, 2007, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. (Dollars in thousands) Available for Sale Due in one year or less Due after one year through five years Due after five years through ten years Due after ten years Preferred stock December 31, 2007 Amortized Cost $ 4,408 22,215 31,140 18,668 3,994 $ 80,425 Estimated Fair Value $ 4,413 22,497 31,636 18,842 3,867 $ 81,255 Proceeds from the maturities and calls of securities available for sale in 2007 were $6.19 million, resulting in gross realized gains of $21,000. Securities with an aggregate amortized cost of $34.37 million and an aggregate fair value of $35.00 million were pledged at December 31, 2007 to secure public deposits, Federal Reserve Bank treasury, tax and loan deposits and repurchase agreements. Proceeds from the maturities and calls of securities available for sale in 2006 were $7.67 million, resulting in gross realized gains of $105,000. Securities with an aggregate amortized cost of $40.47 million and an aggregate fair value of $41.27 million were pledged at December 31, 2006 to secure public deposits, Federal Reserve Bank treasury, tax and loan deposits and repurchase agreements. 63 Securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2007, by duration of the period of the unrealized loss, are shown below. (Dollars in thousands) U.S. government agencies and corporations Mortgage-backed securities Obligations of states and political subdivisions Subtotal-debt securities Preferred stock Total temporarily impaired Less Than 12 Months Fair Value Unrealized Loss 12 Months or More Fair Value Unrealized Loss Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss $ -- -- 11,323 11,323 988 $ -- -- 67 67 218 $ 1,235 790 2,334 4,359 482 $ 15 16 24 55 113 $ 1,235 790 13,657 15,682 1,470 $ 15 16 91 122 331 securities $12,311 $285 $ 4,841 $168 $17,152 $453 The primary cause of the temporary impairments in the Corporation’s investment in debt securities was attributable to fluctuations in interest rates. There are 44 debt securities totaling $15.68 million and five equity securities totaling $1.47 million considered temporarily impaired at December 31, 2007. Because the Corporation has the ability and intent to hold these investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Corporation does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2007 and no impairment has been recognized. Securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2006, by duration of the period of the unrealized loss, are shown below. No impairment has been recognized on any of the securities in a loss position because of management’s intent and demonstrated ability to hold securities to scheduled maturity or call dates. (Dollars in thousands) U.S. government agencies and corporations Mortgage-backed securities Obligations of states and political subdivisions Subtotal-debt securities Preferred stock Total temporarily impaired Less Than 12 Months Fair Value Unrealized Loss 12 Months or More Fair Value Unrealized Loss Total Fair Value Unrealized Loss $ 476 1,246 2,284 4,006 585 $ 2 33 10 45 10 $ 4,654 427 4,530 9,611 1,178 $ 92 1 49 142 19 $ 5,130 1,673 6,814 13,617 1,763 $ 94 34 59 187 29 $216 securities $4,591 $55 $10,789 $161 $15,380 64 NOTE 3: Loans Major classifications of loans are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real estate—mortgage Real estate—construction Commercial, financial and agricultural Equity lines Consumer Consumer finance Less unearned loan fees Less allowance for loan losses December 31, 2007 2006 $123,239 26,719 257,951 25,282 8,991 160,196 602,378 (534) 601,844 (15,963) $585,881 $115,885 13,650 236,157 24,880 8,951 132,864 532,387 (328) 532,059 (14,216) $517,843 Consumer loans included $231,000 and $373,000 of demand deposit overdrafts at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Loans on nonaccrual status were $2.62 million and $1.84 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. If interest income had been recognized on nonaccrual loans at their stated rates during fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, interest income would have increased by approximately $56,000, $70,000 and $270,000, respectively. Accruing loans past due for 90 days or more were $578,000 and $1.64 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The balance of impaired loans was $291,000 and $781,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, for which no specific valuation allowance was deemed necessary. The average balances of impaired loans for 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $557,000, $2.24 million and $4.22 million, respectively. NOTE 4: Allowance for Loan Losses Changes in the allowance for loan losses were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Balance at the beginning of year Provision charged to operations Loans charged off Recoveries of loans previously charged off Balance at the end of year Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 2007 $14,216 7,130 (7,300) 1,917 $15,963 $13,064 4,625 (5,093) 1,620 $14,216 $11,144 5,520 (4,985) 1,385 $13,064 NOTE 5: Corporate Premises and Equipment Major classifications of corporate premises and equipment are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Land Buildings Equipment, furniture and fixtures Less accumulated depreciation December 31, 2007 2006 $ 6,734 26,321 20,153 53,208 (20,354) $32,854 $ 6,776 25,642 18,641 51,059 (17,870) $33,189 65 NOTE 6: Time Deposits Time deposits are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Certificates of deposit, $100 or more Other time deposits December 31, 2007 2006 $ 97,006 165,943 $262,949 $ 95,180 158,945 $254,125 Remaining maturities on time deposits at December 31, 2007 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Thereafter $211,022 38,407 9,284 2,321 1,636 279 $262,949 Time deposits at December 31, 2007 included $3.00 million of brokered deposits, which mature in 2008. NOTE 7: Borrowings Short-term borrowings include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which are secured transactions with customers and generally mature the day following the day sold. Balances outstanding under repurchase agreements were $2.57 million on December 31, 2007 and $5.46 million on December 31, 2006. Short-term borrowings also include a $14.0 million federal funds line with a regional correspondent bank, which had no outstanding balance on December 31, 2007 and 2006. Short-term borrowings also include a variable-rate, unsecured line of credit with a third-party lender that matures in June 2008. There was no outstanding balance under this line of credit on December 31, 2007. The balance outstanding under this line of credit was $7.00 million on December 31, 2006. Short-term borrowings also include advances from the FHLB, which are secured by a blanket floating lien on all qualifying real estate loans. There was $19.40 million of short-term FHLB advances outstanding on December 31, 2007. There were no short-term advances from the FHLB outstanding on December 31, 2006. The table below presents selected information on short-term borrowings: (Dollars in thousands) Balance outstanding at year end Maximum balance at any month end during the year Average balance for the year Weighted average rate for the year Weighted average rate on borrowings at year end Estimated fair value at year end December 31, 2007 2006 $21,968 $78,735 $26,395 4.83% 4.15% $21,968 $12,462 $42,165 $25,236 4.80% 4.56% $12,462 Long-term borrowings at December 31, 2007 consist of advances under a non-recourse revolving bank line of credit secured by loans at C&F Finance and advances from the FHLB, which are secured by a blanket floating lien on all qualifying real estate loans. The interest rate on the revolving bank line of credit, which matures in 2010, floats at the one-month LIBOR rate plus 175 basis points, and the outstanding balance as of December 31, 2007 was $85.96 million. C&F Finance’s revolving bank line of credit agreement contains covenants regarding C&F Finance’s capital adequacy, credit quality, adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and interest expense coverage. C&F Finance satisfied all such covenants during 2007. Long-term advances from the FHLB at December 31, 2007 consist of $47.50 million of convertible advances. These advances have fixed rates of interest unless the FHLB exercises its option to 66 convert the interest on these advances from fixed rate to variable rate. The table below presents selected information on these advances: (Dollars in thousands) Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2007 $5,000 $5,000 $7,500 $5,000 $7,500 $7,500 $5,000 $5,000 Interest Rate Maturity Date 3.90% 4.08 4.15 3.95 3.69 3.70 4.06 2.93 8/30/12 8/30/12 10/19/12 11/17/14 11/28/14 10/19/17 10/25/17 11/27/17 Initial Conversion Option Date 2/29/08 8/29/08 10/19/09 11/17/10 11/29/10 10/20/08 10/25/11 2/27/08 The contractual maturities of long-term borrowings, excluding conversion provisions, at December 31, 2007 are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Thereafter Fixed Rate $ -- -- -- -- 17,500 30,000 $47,500 Floating Rate $ -- -- 85,959 -- -- -- $85,959 Total $ -- -- 85,959 -- 17,500 30,000 $133,459 The Corporation’s unused lines of credit for future borrowings total approximately $92.71 million at December 31, 2007, which consists of $57.67 million available from the FHLB, $14.04 million on C&F Finance’s revolving bank line of credit, $14.00 million under a federal funds agreement with a third party financial institution and $7.00 million under a line of credit with a third-party lender. In December 2007, C&F Financial Statutory Trust II (Trust II), a wholly-owned non-operating subsidiary of the Corporation, was formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred capital securities for general corporate purposes including the refinancing of existing debt. On December 14, 2007, Trust II issued $10.00 million of trust preferred capital securities in a private placement to an institutional investor and $310,000 in common equity to the Corporation in exchange for cash. The securities mature in December 2037, are redeemable at the Corporation’s option beginning after five years, and require quarterly distributions by Trust II to the holder of the securities at a fixed rate of 7.73% as to $5.00 million of the securities and at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.15% as to the remaining $5.00 million, which rate was 8.21% at December 31, 2007. The fixed rate portion of the securities converts to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.15% in December 2012. The principal asset of Trust II is $10.31 million of the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes with like maturities and like interest rates to the trust preferred capital securities. The interest payments by the Corporation on the debt securities will be used by Trust II to pay the quarterly distributions payable by Trust II to the holders of the trust preferred capital securities. In July 2005, C&F Financial Statutory Trust I (Trust I), a wholly-owned non-operating subsidiary of the Corporation, was formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred capital securities to partially fund the Corporation’s purchase of 427,186 shares of its common stock. On July 21, 2005, Trust I issued $10.00 million of trust preferred capital securities in a private placement to an institutional investor and $310,000 in common equity to the Corporation in exchange for cash. The securities mature in September 2035, are redeemable at the Corporation’s option beginning after five years, and require quarterly distributions by Trust I to the holder of the securities at a fixed rate of 6.07% as to $5.00 million of the securities and at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 1.57% as to the remaining $5.00 million, which rate was 6.56% at December 31, 2007. The fixed rate portion of the securities converts to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 1.57% in September 2010. The principal asset of Trust I is $10.31 million of the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes with like maturities and like interest rates to the trust preferred capital 67 securities. The interest payments by the Corporation on the debt securities will be used by Trust I to pay the quarterly distributions payable by Trust I to the holders of the trust preferred capital securities. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, the Corporation may elect from time to time to defer interest payments on the junior subordinated debt securities, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related capital securities. NOTE 8: Earnings Per Share The Corporation calculates its basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share. The components of the Corporation’s EPS calculations are as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Net income available to common shareholders Weighted average number of common shares used in earnings per common share—basic Effect of dilutive securities: Share-based awards Weighted average number of common shares used in earnings per common share—assuming dilution December 31, 2006 2005 2007 $8,480 $12,129 $11,788 3,039,240 3,151,860 3,375,153 121,783 121,569 132,759 3,161,023 3,273,429 3,507,912 Options on approximately 98,000, 133,000 and 157,000 shares were not included in computing diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive. NOTE 9: Income Taxes Principal components of income tax expense as reflected in the consolidated statements of income are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2007 2006 $ 4,456 (1,112) $ 3,344 $ 6,296 (1,115) $ 5,181 $6,400 (970) $5,430 2005 (Dollars in thousands) Current taxes Deferred taxes 68 The income tax provision is less than would be obtained by application of the statutory federal corporate tax rate to pre-tax accounting income as a result of the following items: (Dollars in thousands) Income tax computed at federal statutory rates Tax effect of exclusion of interest income on obligations of states and political subdivisions Reduction of interest expense incurred to carry tax- exempt assets State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit Tax effect of dividends-received deduction on preferred stock Tax credits Other Year Ended December 31, Percent of Pre-tax Income 35.0% Percent of Pre-tax Income 35.0% Percent of Pre-tax Income 35.0% 2005 2007 2006 $5,939 $6,146 $4,139 (913) (7.7) (876) (5.0) (888) (5.2) 115 248 1.0 2.1 (72) (101) (72) $3,344 (0.6) (0.9) (0.6) 28.3% 84 302 (48) (98) (80) $5,430 0.5 1.7 (0.3) (0.6) (0.4) 30.9% 59 339 0.3 2.0 (75) (74) (119) $5,181 (0.5) (0.4) (0.7) 30.5% Other assets include net deferred income taxes of $6.64 million and $5.57 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The tax effects of each type of significant item that gave rise to deferred taxes are: (Dollars in thousands) Deferred tax asset Allowance for loan losses Deferred compensation Defined benefit plan Share-based compensation Interest on nonaccrual loans Other Deferred tax asset Deferred tax liability Depreciation Goodwill and other intangible assets Other Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale Deferred tax liability Net deferred tax asset December 31, 2006 2007 $6,043 1,476 94 155 10 480 8,258 (39) (1,260) (27) (291) (1,617) $6,641 $5,409 1,367 -- 38 28 234 7,076 (63) (952) (79) (412) (1,506) $5,570 The Corporation files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and several states. With few exceptions, the Corporation is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2004. The Corporation adopted the provisions of FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, on January 1, 2007 with no effect on the financial statements. 69 NOTE 10: Employee Benefit Plans The Bank maintains a Defined Contribution Profit-Sharing Plan (the Profit-Sharing Plan) sponsored by the Virginia Bankers Association. The Profit-Sharing Plan includes a 401(k) savings provision that authorizes a maximum voluntary salary deferral of up to 95% of compensation (with a partial company match), subject to statutory limitations. The Profit-Sharing Plan provides for an annual discretionary contribution to the account of each eligible employee based in part on the Bank’s profitability for a given year and on each participant’s yearly earnings. All salaried employees who have attained the age of eighteen and have at least three months of service are eligible to participate. Contributions and earnings may be invested in various investment vehicles offered through the Virginia Bankers Association. An employee is 20% vested in the Bank’s contributions after two years of service, 40% after three years, 60% after four years, 80% after five years and fully vested after six years. The amounts charged to expense under this plan were $420,000, $564,000 and $515,000 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. C&F Mortgage maintains a Defined Contribution 401(k) Savings Plan that authorizes a voluntary salary deferral of from 1% to 100% of compensation (with a discretionary company match), subject to statutory limitations. Substantially all employees who have attained the age of eighteen are eligible to participate on the first day of the next month following employment date. The plan provides for an annual discretionary contribution to the account of each eligible employee based in part on C&F Mortgage’s profitability for a given year, and on each participant’s contributions to the plan. Contributions may be invested in various investment funds offered under the plan. An employee is vested 25% in the employer’s contributions after two years of service, 50% after three years, 75% after four years, and fully vested after five years. The amounts charged to expense under this plan were $182,000, $211,000 and $101,000 for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In 2005, C&F Finance adopted a Defined Contribution Profit-Sharing Plan sponsored by the Virginia Bankers Association with plan features similar to the Profit-Sharing Plan of the Bank. The amounts charged to expense under this plan were $94,000, $99,000 and $86,000 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Individual performance bonuses are awarded annually to certain members of management under a management incentive bonus policy adopted by the Bank effective January 1, 1987 and the Management Incentive Plan adopted by the Corporation on February 25, 2005. The Corporation’s Compensation Committee recommends to the Corporation’s board of directors the bonuses to be paid to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation, and recommends to the Bank’s board of directors bonuses to be paid to certain other senior Bank officers. In addition, the Chief Executive Officer recommends bonuses to be paid to other officers of the Bank and C&F Finance. In determining the awards, performance, including the Corporation’s growth rate, returns on average assets and equity, and absolute levels of income are considered. In addition, the Bank’s board considers the individual performance of the members of management who may receive awards. The expense for these bonus awards is accrued in the year of performance. Expenses under these plans were $780,000, $683,000 and $586,000 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In accordance with employment agreements for certain senior officers of C&F Mortgage, performance bonuses of $811,000, $1.08 million and $1.46 million were expensed in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Performance used in determining the awards is directly related to the profitability of C&F Mortgage. The Corporation has a nonqualified defined contribution plan for certain executives. The plan allows for elective salary and bonus deferrals. The plan also allows for employer contributions to make up for limitations on covered compensation imposed by the Internal Revenue Code with respect to the Bank’s Profit Sharing Plan and to enhance retirement benefits by providing supplemental contributions from time to time. Expenses under this plan were $115,000, $79,000 and $62,000 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Investments for this plan are held in a Rabbi trust. These investments are included in other assets and the related liability is included in other liabilities. The Bank has a non-contributory, defined benefit pension plan for full-time employees over twenty-one years of age. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and average compensation for the five highest-paid consecutive years of service. The Bank funds pension costs in accordance with the funding provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. The following table summarizes the projected benefit obligations, plan assets, funded status and rate assumptions associated with the Bank’s pension plan based upon actuarial valuations prepared as of October 1, 2007 and 2006. 70 (Dollars in thousands) Plan Year Ended September 30, 2007 2006 $6,029 752 345 (460) (228) $6,438 $6,438 777 384 (190) (326) $7,083 Change in benefit obligation Projected benefit obligation, beginning Service cost Interest cost Actuarial loss Benefits paid Projected benefit obligation, ending Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets, beginning Actual return on plan assets Employer contributions(1) Benefits paid Fair value of plan assets, ending Funded status Amounts recognized as an other liability Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income Net loss Net obligation at transition Prior service cost Deferred taxes Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income Weighted-average assumptions for benefit obligation as of October 1 Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase (1) An employer contribution of $1.18 million was made in December 2006 and was based on amounts determined in conjunction with the $6,438 702 -- (326) $6,814 $ (269) $ (269) $ 472 (22) 78 (185) $ 343 6.3% 8.5 4.0 $5,084 400 1,182 (228) $6,438 $ -- $ -- $ 932 (27) 85 (346) $ 644 6.0% 8.5 4.0 actuarial valuation prepared as of October 1, 2006. The accumulated benefit obligation was $4.60 million and $4.20 million as of the actuarial valuation dates of October 1, 2007 and 2006, respectively. (Dollars in thousands) Components of net periodic benefit cost Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost Amortization of net obligation at transition Recognized net actuarial loss Net periodic benefit cost Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income Net (gain) loss Net obligation at transition Amortization of net obligation at transition Prior service cost Amortization of prior service costs Deferred taxes Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income Year Ended December 31, 2007 2005 2006 $ 777 384 (447) 7 (5) 16 732 (461) -- 5 -- (7) 162 (301) $ 431 $ 752 345 (428) 7 (5) 45 716 932 (27) -- 85 -- (346) 644 $1,360 $ 550 294 (346) 7 (5) 45 545 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- $ 545 71 The estimated net obligation at transition and prior service cost that will be (accreted to) amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the next year are $($5,000) and $7,000, respectively. Weighted-average assumptions for net periodic benefit cost as of October 1 (1) Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase (1) Net periodic benefit cost for the current year is based on assumptions determined at the October 1 valuation date of the prior year. 2006 2005 2004 6.0% 8.5 4.0 6.0% 8.5 4.0 5.8% 8.5 4.0 The Corporation adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS 158 in its December 31, 2006 financial statements. The following table illustrates the incremental effect of applying SFAS 158 on individual line items in the Corporation’s 2006 financial statements. (Dollars in thousands) Prepaid pension Deferred income taxes Total assets Accumulated other comprehensive income Total shareholders’ equity Before Application of SFAS 158 $ 990 5,224 735,112 765 68,650 Adjustments $(990) 346 (644) (644) (644) After Application of SFAS 158 $ - 5,570 734,468 121 68,006 The benefits expected to be paid by the plan in the next ten years are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 – 2017 $ 76 91 95 117 135 1,323 $1,837 The Bank selects the expected long-term rate of return on assets in consultation with its investment advisors and actuary. This rate is intended to reflect the average rate of earnings expected to be earned on the funds invested or to be invested to provide plan benefits. Historical performance is reviewed, especially with respect to real rates of return (net of inflation), for the major asset classes held or anticipated to be held by the trust and for the trust itself. Undue weight is not given to recent experience, which may not continue over the measurement period. Higher significance is placed on current forecasts of future long-term economic conditions. Because assets are held in a qualified trust, anticipated returns are not reduced for taxes. Further, solely for this purpose, the plan is assumed to continue in force and not terminate during the period during which assets are invested. However, consideration is given to the potential impact of current and future investment policy, cash flow into and out of the trust, and expenses (both investment and non-investment) typically paid from plan assets (to the extent such expenses are not explicitly within periodic costs). The Bank’s defined benefit pension plan’s weighted average asset allocations as of September 30 by asset category are as follows: Mutual funds-fixed income Mutual funds-equity Cash and equivalents 2007 35% 60 5 100% 2006 30% 56 14 100% 72 The trust fund is sufficiently diversified to maintain a reasonable level of risk without imprudently sacrificing return, with a targeted asset allocation of 40% fixed income and 60% equities. The investment advisor selects investment fund managers with demonstrated experience and expertise, and funds with demonstrated historical performance, for the implementation of the plan’s investment strategy. The investment manager will consider both actively and passively managed investment strategies and will allocate funds across the asset classes to develop an efficient investment structure. It is the responsibility of the trustee to administer the investments of the trust within reasonable costs, being careful to avoid sacrificing quality. These costs include, but are not limited to, management and custodial fees, consulting fees, transaction costs and other administrative costs chargeable to the trust. NOTE 11: Related Party Transactions Loans outstanding to directors and executive officers totaled $1.08 million and $1.22 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. New advances to directors and officers totaled $453,000 and repayments totaled $589,000 in the year ended December 31, 2007. These loans were made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons, and, in the opinion of management, do not involve more than normal risk or present other unfavorable features. NOTE 12: Share-Based Plans On April 20, 2004, the Corporation’s shareholders approved the C&F Financial Corporation 2004 Incentive Stock Plan (the 2004 Plan). Under the 2004 Plan, options to purchase common stock and/or grants of restricted shares of common stock may be awarded to certain key employees of the Corporation. Options are issued to employees at a price equal to the fair market value of common stock at the date granted. Restricted shares are accounted for using the fair market value of the Corporation’s common stock on the date the restricted shares are awarded. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards made under the 2004 Plan is 500,000. As a result of the accelerated vesting of all unvested options on December 20, 2005 and because no options were granted under the 2004 Plan in 2007 and 2006, all options outstanding under the 2004 Plan on December 31, 2007 are exercisable. All options expire ten years from the grant date. Prior to the approval of the 2004 Plan, the Corporation granted options to purchase common stock under the Amended and Restated C&F Financial Corporation 1994 Incentive Stock Plan (the 1994 Plan). The 1994 Plan expired on April 30, 2004. The maximum aggregate number of shares that could be issued pursuant to awards made under the 1994 Plan was 500,000. Options were issued to employees at a price equal to the fair market value of common stock at the date granted. As a result of the accelerated vesting of all unvested options on December 20, 2005, all options outstanding under the 1994 Plan on December 31, 2007 are exercisable. All options expire ten years from the grant date. In 1998, the Board of Directors authorized 25,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the C&F Financial Corporation 1998 Non-Employee Director Stock Compensation Plan (the Director Plan). In 1999, the Director Plan was amended to authorize a total of 150,000 shares for issuance. Under the Director Plan, options to purchase common stock may be awarded to non-employee directors of the Bank. Options are issued to non-employee directors at a price equal to the fair market value of common stock at the date granted. As a result of the accelerated vesting of all unvested options on December 20, 2005 and the vesting of options granted in 2006, all options outstanding under the Director Plan on December 31, 2007, except for those granted in 2007, are exercisable. As of December 31, 2007, there was $36,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to options granted under the Director Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized during 2008. All options expire ten years from the grant date. In 1999, the Board of Directors authorized 25,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the C&F Financial Corporation 1999 Regional Director Stock Compensation Plan (the Regional Director Plan). Under this plan, 73 options to purchase common stock are granted to regional directors of the Bank. Options are issued to regional directors at a price equal to the fair market value of common stock at the date granted. As a result of the accelerated vesting of all unvested options on December 20, 2005 and because no options were granted under the Regional Director Plan in 2007 and 2006, all options outstanding under the Regional Director Plan on December 31, 2007 are exercisable. All options expire ten years from the grant date. Stock option transactions under the various plans for the periods indicated were as follows: (Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts) Outstanding at beginning of year Granted Exercised Canceled Outstanding at end of year *Weighted average 2007 Intrinsic Exercise Value Price* Shares 2006 Exercise Price* Shares 2005 Exercise Price* Shares 530,167 13,500 (24,000) (9,450) 510,217 $31.54 37.17 21.39 31.65 564,067 13,500 (32,000) (15,400) $30.65 39.60 16.46 37.13 473,667 137,900 (29,600) (17,900) $32.17 $1,954 530,167 $31.54 564,067 $27.58 37.72 15.35 29.29 $30.65 Options exercisable at year-end Weighted-average fair value of options granted 496,717 $1,954 516,667 564,067 during the year $8.05 $10.10 $8.96 The total intrinsic value of in-the-money options exercised in 2007 was $488,000. Cash received from option exercises during 2007 was $513,000. The Corporation has a policy of issuing new shares to satisfy the exercise of stock options. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Dividend yield Dividend growth rate Expected life (years) Expected volatility Risk-free interest rate Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 2.9% 5.0 8 25.0% 5.2% 3.4% 8.0 8 25.0% 4.5% 2007 3.3% 5.0 8 25.0% 4.7% The dividend yield and growth rate assumptions are based on the Corporation’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The expected life is based on historical exercise experience. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The risk-free interest rates for periods within the contractual life of the awards are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2007: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Number Outstanding at Remaining December 31, Contractual Exercise 2007 178,717 256,700 74,800 510,217 Life* 3.3 7.6 5.9 5.8 Price* $19.31 38.32 41.79 $32.17 Number Exercisable at December 31, 2007 178,717 243,200 74,800 496,717 Exercise Price* $19.31 38.38 41.79 $32.03 Range of Exercise Prices $15.75 to $23.49 $35.20 to $39.60 $40.50 to $46.20 Total *Weighted average 74 As permitted under the 2004 Plan, the Corporation awards shares of restricted stock to employees. These restricted shares are subject to a five-year vesting period. As of December 31, 2007 a total of 40,500 shares of restricted stock were outstanding, which consisted of 18,000 shares issued in 2007 and 22,500 shares issued in 2006. Compensation is accounted for using the fair market value of the Corporation’s common stock on the date the restricted shares are awarded, which averaged $31.83 and $39.01 per share for restricted stock issued in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Compensation expense is charged to income ratably over the vesting period. As of December 31, 2007, there was $1.26 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock granted under the 2004 Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized through 2012. NOTE 13: Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions The Corporation (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Corporation and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Corporation’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off- balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Corporation’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Corporation and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets (all as defined in the regulations). For both the Corporation and the Bank, Tier 1 capital consists of shareholders’ equity excluding any net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, amounts resulting from the adoption and application of SFAS 158 and goodwill, and total capital consists of Tier 1 capital and a portion of the allowance for loan losses. For the Corporation only, Tier 1 and total capital include trust preferred securities. Risk-weighted assets for the Corporation and the Bank were $644.55 million and $638.41 million, respectively, at December 31, 2007 and $592.67 million and $587.40 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006. Management believes, as of December 31, 2007, that the Corporation and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. As of December 31, 2007, the most recent notification from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. 75 The Corporation’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table: (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2007: Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Corporation Bank Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Corporation Bank Tier 1 Capital (to Average Tangible Assets) Corporation Bank As of December 31, 2006: Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Corporation Bank Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Corporation Bank Tier 1 Capital (to Average Tangible Assets) Corporation Bank Actual Minimum Capital Requirements Minimum To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio $82,376 76,898 72,296 68,819 72,296 68,819 $74,646 76,571 67,161 69,144 67,161 69,144 12.8% 12.1 11.2 10.8 9.4 9.0 12.6% 13.0 11.3 11.8 9.6 9.9 $51,564 51,073 25,782 25,537 30,835 30,633 $47,413 46,992 23,707 23,496 28,123 27,918 8.0% 8.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0% 8.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 N/A $63,841 N/A 10.0% N/A 38,305 N/A 38,291 N/A 6.0 N/A 5.0 N/A N/A 10.0% $58,740 N/A N/A 6.0 35,244 N/A N/A 5.0 34,897 On December 14, 2007, the Corporation issued $10.00 million of trust preferred securities through a statutory business trust for general corporate purposes including the refinancing of existing debt. On July 21, 2005, the Corporation issued $10.00 million of trust preferred securities through a statutory business trust to partially fund the purchase of 427,186 shares of the Corporation’s common stock at $41 per share on July 27, 2005. These trust preferred securities may be treated as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy determination purposes up to 25% of Tier 1 capital after its inclusion. Accordingly, $18.07 million and $10.00 million of the Corporation’s trust preferred securities is included in Tier 1 capital in the Corporation’s capital ratios presented above for 2007 and 2006, respectively. The remaining $1.93 million of the Corporation’s total trust preferred securities outstanding on December 31, 2007 is included in the Corporation’s total capital ratios presented above for 2007 as a component of Tier 2 capital. Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid and loans or advances made by the Bank to the Corporation. The total amount of dividends that may be paid at any date is generally limited to the retained earnings of the Bank, and loans or advances are limited to 10 percent of the Bank’s capital stock and surplus on a secured basis. 76 NOTE 14: Commitments and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount on the balance sheet. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Corporation has in particular classes of financial instruments. The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on- balance-sheet instruments. Collateral is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer. Loan commitments are agreements to extend credit to a customer provided that there are no violations of the terms of the contract prior to funding. Commitments have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee by the customer. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The total amount of loan commitments was $98.02 million and $93.26 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The total contract amount of standby letters of credit, whose contract amounts represent credit risk, was $7.06 million and $8.79 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. At December 31, 2007, C&F Mortgage had rate lock commitments to originate mortgage loans amounting to approximately $22.79 million and loans held for sale of $34.08 million. C&F Mortgage has entered into corresponding commitments with third party investors to sell loans of approximately $56.87 million. Under the contractual relationship with these investors, C&F Mortgage is obligated to sell the loans only if the loans close. No other obligation exists. As a result of these contractual relationships with these investors, C&F Mortgage is not exposed to losses nor will it realize gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates. C&F Mortgage sells substantially all of the residential mortgage loans it originates to third-party investors, some of whom require the repurchase of loans in the event of early default or faulty documentation. Mortgage loans and their related servicing rights are sold under agreements that define certain eligibility criteria for the mortgage loans. Recourse periods vary from 90 days up to one year and conditions for repurchase vary with the investor. Risks also arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. C&F Mortgage has procedures in place to evaluate the credit risk of investors and does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations. The Corporation is committed under noncancelable operating leases for certain office locations. Rent expense associated with these operating leases was $1.19 million, $911,000 and $786,000, for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. 77 Future minimum lease payments due under these leases as of December 31, 2007 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Thereafter $1,043 661 521 490 168 -- $2,883 As of December 31, 2007, the Corporation had $6.44 million in deposits in financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC, the majority of which was on deposit at a correspondent bank. NOTE 15: Fair Market Value of Financial Instruments and Interest Rate Risk The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Corporation using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Corporation could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Cash and short-term investments. The nature of these instruments and their relatively short maturities provide for the reporting of fair value equal to the historical cost. Securities. The fair value of investment securities is based on quoted market prices. Loans. The estimated fair value of the loan portfolio is based on present values using discount rates equal to the market rates currently charged on similar products. Loans held for sale. The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated based on commitments into which individual loans will be delivered. Deposits and borrowings. The fair value of all demand deposit accounts is the amount payable at the report date. For all other deposits and borrowings, the fair value is determined using the discounted cash flow method. The discount rate was equal to the rate currently offered on similar products. Accrued interest. The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates fair value. Letters of credit. The estimated fair value of letters of credit is based on estimated fees the Corporation would pay to have another entity assume its obligation under the outstanding arrangements. These fees are not considered material. Unused portions of lines of credit. The estimated fair value of unused portions of lines of credit is based on estimated fees the Corporation would pay to have another entity assume its obligation under the outstanding arrangements. These fees are not considered material. 78 (Dollars in thousands) Financial assets: Cash and short-term investments Securities Net loans Loans held for sale, net Accrued interest receivable Financial liabilities: Demand deposits Time deposits Borrowings Accrued interest payable December 31, 2007 2006 Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated Amount Fair Value Amount Fair Value $ 12,263 81,255 585,881 34,083 5,069 $ 12,263 $ 28,506 67,584 517,843 53,504 4,432 81,255 583,467 35,073 5,069 $ 28,506 67,584 517,000 54,913 4,432 264,622 262,949 176,047 2,115 267,193 263,152 173,351 2,115 278,710 254,125 115,056 1,915 277,310 255,360 113,869 1,915 The Corporation assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Corporation. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to manage interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Corporation’s overall interest rate risk. NOTE 16: Business Segments The Corporation operates in a decentralized fashion in three principal business segments: Retail Banking, Mortgage Banking and Consumer Finance. Revenues from Retail Banking operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and investment securities and service charges on deposit accounts. Mortgage Banking operating revenues consist principally of gains on sales of loans in the secondary market, loan origination fee income and interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale. Revenues from Consumer Finance consist primarily of interest earned on automobile loans. The Corporation’s other segments include: • • • an investment company that derives revenues from brokerage services, an insurance company that derives revenues from insurance services, and a title company that derives revenues from title insurance services. The results of these other segments are not significant to the Corporation as a whole and have been included in “Other.” 79 (Dollars in thousands) Revenues: Interest income Gains on sales of loans Other noninterest income Total operating income Expenses: Interest expense Salaries and employee benefits Other noninterest expenses Total operating expenses Income before income taxes Total assets Goodwill Capital expenditures (Dollars in thousands) Revenues: Interest income Gains on sales of loans Other noninterest income Total operating income Expenses: Interest expense Salaries and employee benefits Other noninterest expenses Total operating expenses Income before income taxes Total assets Goodwill Capital expenditures Year Ended December 31, 2007 Retail Banking Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance Other Eliminations Consolidated $ 40,203 — 5,411 45,614 17,490 14,626 9,163 41,279 $ 4,335 $634,722 $ — $ 1,711 $ 2,482 15,854 2,790 21,126 992 11,095 6,210 18,297 $ 2,829 $ 44,841 $ — $ 273 $ 26,060 $ — — 1,254 1,254 — 590 26,650 $ (3,920) (21) — (3,941) $ 64,825 15,833 10,045 90,703 8,708 4,317 9,200 22,225 181 720 141 1,042 $ 4,425 $ 212 $ 167,400 $ 40 $ 10,724 $ — $ 267 $ — (3,993) 29 — (3,964) $ 23 $(61,407) $ — $ — 23,378 30,787 24,714 78,879 $ 11,824 $785,596 $ 10,724 $ 2,251 Year Ended December 31, 2006 Retail Banking Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance Other Eliminations Consolidated $ 37,743 — 5,169 42,912 13,520 13,001 7,660 34,181 $ 8,731 $591,573 $ — $ 5,485 $ 2,737 17,149 3,678 23,564 1,428 12,137 6,221 19,786 $ 3,778 $ 60,022 $ — $ 425 $ 21,384 — 539 21,923 $ — — 903 903 $ (3,282) (51) — (3,333) $ 58,582 17,098 10,289 85,969 6,849 3,146 6,924 16,919 — 668 141 809 $ 5,004 $ 94 $ 140,024 $ 51 $ 10,724 $ — $ 207 $ 3 (3,340) 55 — (3,285) $ (48) $(57,202) $ — $ — 18,457 29,007 20,946 68,410 $ 17,559 $734,468 $ 10,724 $ 6,120 80 (Dollars in thousands) Revenues: Interest income Gains on sales of loans Other noninterest income Total operating income Expenses: Interest expense Salaries and employee benefits Other noninterest expenses Total operating expenses Income before income taxes Total assets Goodwill Capital expenditures Year Ended December 31, 2005 Retail Banking Mortgage Banking Consumer Finance Other Eliminations Consolidated $ 30,857 — 4,342 35,199 8,712 11,368 6,995 27,075 $ 8,124 $571,091 $ — $ 11,830 $ 3,178 18,193 3,719 25,090 1,532 13,457 5,012 20,001 $ 5,089 $ 47,574 $ — $ 459 $ 17,799 — 417 18,216 $ — — 912 912 $ (3,064) 1 — (3,063) 4,880 2,766 6,919 14,565 — 568 185 753 $ 3,651 $ 159 $ 119,113 $ 19 $ 10,724 $ — $ 172 $ — (3,127) 118 — (3,009) $ (54) $(65,840) $ — $ — $ 48,770 18,194 9,390 76,354 11,997 28,277 19,111 59,385 $ 16,969 $671,957 $ 10,724 $ 12,461 The Retail Banking segment extends a warehouse line of credit to the Mortgage Banking segment, providing the funds needed to originate mortgage loans. The Retail Banking segment charges the Mortgage Banking segment interest at the daily FHLB advance rate plus 50 basis points. The Retail Banking segment also provides the Consumer Finance segment with a portion of the funds needed to originate loans and charges the Consumer Finance segment interest at one-month LIBOR plus 175 basis points. The Retail Banking segment acquires certain lot and permanent loans, second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit from the Mortgage Banking segment at prices similar to those paid by third-party investors. These transactions are eliminated to reach consolidated totals. Certain corporate overhead costs incurred by the Retail Banking segment are not allocated to the Mortgage Banking, Consumer Finance and Other segments. NOTE 17: Parent Company Condensed Financial Information Financial information for the parent company is as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Balance Sheets Assets Cash Securities available for sale Other assets Investments in subsidiary Total assets Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Short-term borrowings Trust preferred capital notes Other liabilities Shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity December 31, 2007 2006 $ 147 3,867 2,087 79,821 $85,922 $ — 20,620 78 65,224 $85,922 $ 122 4,127 1,343 79,865 $85,457 $ 7,000 10,310 141 68,006 $85,457 81  Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 2007 $ 292 — (874) 19,394 (10,325) 584 (591) $ 8,480 $ 194 — (1,106) 4,038 8,681 518 (196) $12,129 $ 306 27 (448) 2,492 9,354 227 (170) $11,788 Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005 2007 $ 8,480 $12,129 $11,788 10,325 299 — (391) 4 18,717 500 (555) (10,000) (310) (10,365) (7,000) 10,310 (8,435) (3,769) 567 (8,327) 25 122 $ 147 (8,681) 97 (19) (187) (21) 3,318 152 — — — 152 — — (518) (3,657) 580 (3,595) (125) 247 $ 122 (9,354) — (36) (100) (38) 2,260 1,077 (185) — (310) 582 7,000 10,310 (17,640) (3,339) 503 (3,166) (324) 571 $ 247 (Dollars in thousands) Statements of Income Interest income on securities Interest income on loans Interest expense on borrowings Dividends received from bank subsidiary Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary Other income Other expenses Net income (Dollars in thousands) Statements of Cash Flows Operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiary Stock-based compensation Net gain on securities Increase in other assets Increase (decrease) in other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Investing activities: Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities Purchase of securities Investment in bank subsidiary Investment in statutory trust Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Financing activities: Net (decrease) increase in borrowings Issuance of trust preferred capital notes Purchase of common stock Cash dividends Proceeds from exercise of stock options Net cash used in financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash at beginning of year Cash at end of year 82 NOTE 18: Quarterly Condensed Statements of Income—Unaudited 2007 Quarter Ended September 30 December 31 $16,735 8,120 6,472 12,309 2,283 1,723 0.56 0.31 March 31 June 30 $15,299 8,510 5,798 11,482 2,826 2,011 0.62 0.31 $16,821 8,936 6,446 12,197 3,185 2,284 0.73 0.31 $15,970 8,751 7,162 12,383 3,530 2,462 0.77 0.31 June 30 2006 Quarter Ended September 30 December 31 $15,276 8,740 7,330 12,125 3,945 2,765 0.84 0.31 March 31 $13,493 8,285 5,986 10,630 3,641 2,526 0.77 0.27 $14,763 8,793 7,189 11,434 4,548 3,112 0.95 0.29 $15,050 9,682 6,882 11,139 5,425 3,726 1.14 0.29 Dollars in thousands (except per share amounts) Total interest income Net interest income after provision for loan losses Other income Other expenses Income before income taxes Net income Earnings per common share—assuming dilution Dividends per common share Dollars in thousands (except per share amounts) Total interest income Net interest income after provision for loan losses Other income Other expenses Income before income taxes Net income Earnings per common share—assuming dilution* Dividends per common share *The total of quarterly EPS amounts differs from EPS for the year ended December 31, 2006 due to rounding. 83 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and Board of Directors C&F Financial Corporation West Point, Virginia We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of C&F Financial Corporation and Subsidiary as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. We also have audited C&F Financial Corporation and Subsidiary's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). C&F Financial Corporation and Subsidiary’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A corporation's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A corporation's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the corporation; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the corporation are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the corporation; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the corporation's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 84 Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of C&F Financial Corporation and Subsidiary as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, C&F Financial Corporation and Subsidiary maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Winchester, Virginia February 26, 2008 85 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Corporation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover every situation involving the failure of persons within the Corporation or its subsidiary to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Corporation’s periodic reports. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management of the Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Corporation’s management and board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2007, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 has been audited by Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C., the independent registered public accounting firm who also audited the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.’s attestation report on the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting appears on pages 84 through 85 hereof. 86 Changes in Internal Controls. There were no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting during the Corporation’s fourth quarter ended December 31, 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information with respect to the directors of the Corporation is contained on pages 3 through 4 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Election of Directors,” and is incorporated herein by reference. The information regarding the Section 16(a) reporting requirements of the directors and executive officers is contained on page 28 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and is incorporated herein by reference. The information concerning executive officers of the Corporation is included after Item 4 of this Form 10-K under the caption, “Executive Officers of the Registrant.” The Corporation has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to its directors, executives and employees including the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller. The Corporation’s Code is attached hereto as Exhibit 14. The board of directors of the Corporation has a standing Audit Committee, which is comprised of four directors who satisfy all of the following criteria: (i) meet the independence requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market’s (NASDAQ) listing standards, (ii) have not accepted directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, (iii) are not an affiliated person of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries and (iv) are competent to read and understand financial statements. In addition, at least one member of the Audit Committee has past employment experience in finance or accounting or comparable experience that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. J. P. Causey Jr., Barry R. Chernack, C. Elis Olsson and William E. O’Connell Jr. The board of directors has determined that the chairman of the Audit Committee, Mr. Barry R. Chernack, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of applicable regulations of the SEC, promulgated pursuant to the SOX Act. Mr. Chernack is independent of management based on the independence requirements set forth in the NASDAQ’s listing standards’ definition of “independent director.” The Corporation provides an informal process for security holders to send communications to its board of directors. Security holders who wish to contact the board of directors or any of its members may do so by addressing their written correspondence to C&F Financial Corporation, Board of Directors, c/o Corporate Secretary, P.O. Box 391, West Point, Virginia 23181. Correspondence directed to an individual board member will be referred, unopened, to that member. Correspondence not directed to a particular board member will be referred, unopened, to the Chairman of the Board. 87 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information contained on pages 9 through 20 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the captions, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Report,” and the information on pages 20 through 25 of the 2008 Proxy Statement are incorporated herein by reference. The information regarding director compensation contained on pages 7 through 8 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Director Compensation,” is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information contained on pages 2 through 3 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” is incorporated herein by reference. The information contained on page 36 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information contained on pages 8 through 9 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Interest of Management in Certain Transactions,” is incorporated herein by reference. The information contained on pages 4 through 5 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the caption, “Director Independence,” is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information contained on pages 27 through 28 of the 2008 Proxy Statement under the captions, “Principal Accountant Fees” and “Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policy,” is incorporated herein by reference. 88 PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Exhibits: 3.1 Articles of Incorporation of C&F Financial Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-KSB filed March 29, 1996) 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of C&F Financial Corporation, as adopted October 16, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K filed October 22, 2007) Certain instruments relating to trust preferred securities not being registered have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The registrant will furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request. *10.1 Change in Control Agreement dated December 16, 1997 between C&F Financial Corporation and Larry G. Dillon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to Form 10-K filed March 23, 1998) *10.1.1 Amendment to Change in Control Agreement dated July 23, 2003 between C&F Financial Corporation and Larry G. Dillon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1.1 to Form 10-Q filed November 13, 2003) *10.3 Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement dated February 15, 2005 between C&F Financial Corporation and Thomas F. Cherry (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-K filed March 3, 2005) *10.4 Restated VBA Executives’ Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for C&F Financial Corporation *10.4.1 Adoption Agreement for the Restated VBA Executives’ Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for C&F Financial Corporation dated as of January 1, 2008 *10.4.2 Attachment to the Adoption Agreement for the Restated VBA Executives’ Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for C&F Financial Corporation dated as of January 1, 2008 *10.5 Restated VBA Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan for C&F Financial Corporation *10.5.1 Adoption Agreement for the Restated VBA Director’s Deferred Compensation Plan for C&F Financial *10.6 Amended and Restated C&F Financial Corporation 1994 Incentive Stock Plan *10.7 Amended and Restated C&F Financial Corporation 1998 Non-Employee Director Stock Compensation Plan *10.8 Amended and Restated C&F Financial Corporation 1999 Regional Director Stock Compensation Plan *10.9 C&F Financial Corporation Management Incentive Plan dated February 25, 2005, as amended March 6, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Form 10-K filed March 9, 2006) *10.10 Amended and Restated C&F Financial Corporation 2004 Incentive Stock Plan 89 *10.11 Form of C&F Financial Corporation Incentive Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed December 29, 2004) *10.12 Employment Agreement dated April 16, 2002 between C&F Mortgage Corporation and Bryan McKernon, as amended December 19, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Form 10-K filed March 9, 2007) *10.13 Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement dated February 15, 2005 between C&F Financial Corporation and Robert L. Bryant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Form 10-K filed March 3, 2005) *10.14 Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement dated February 15, 2005 between C&F Financial Corporation and Bryan McKernon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Form 10-K filed March 3, 2005) *10.15 Schedule of C&F Financial Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Annual Compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Form 10-K filed March 3, 2005) *10.16 Base Salaries for Named Executive Officers of C&F Financial Corporation *10.17 Form of C&F Financial Corporation Restricted Stock Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Form 8-K filed December 18, 2006) 10.19 Loan and Security Agreement by and between Wells Fargo Financial Preferred Capital, Inc. and C&F Finance Company dated as of August 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Form 10-Q filed August 5, 2005) 10.20 First Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement by and between Wells Fargo Financial Preferred Capital, Inc. and C&F Finance Company dated as of December 1, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Form 10-K filed March 9, 2007) 10.21 Second Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement by and between Wells Fargo Financial Preferred Capital, Inc. and C&F Finance Company dated as of March 16, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2007) 10.22 Third Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement by and between Wells Fargo Financial Preferred Capital, Inc. and C&F Finance Company dated as of June 18, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Form 10-Q filed August 3, 2007) 10.23 Fourth Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement by and between Wells Fargo Financial Preferred Capital, Inc. and C&F Finance Company dated as of October 31, 2007 14 C&F Financial Corporation Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant 23 Consent of Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. 31.1 Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) 31.2 Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) 32 Certification of CEO/CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 *Indicates management contract 90 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Date: March 5, 2008 C&F FINANCIAL CORPORATION (Registrant) By: /s/ Larry G. Dillon Larry G. Dillon Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: /s/ Larry G. Dillon Larry G. Dillon, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Thomas F. Cherry Thomas F. Cherry, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /s/ J. P. Causey Jr. J. P. Causey Jr., Director /s/ Barry R. Chernack Barry R. Chernack, Director /s/ Audrey D. Holmes Audrey D. Holmes, Director /s/ James H. Hudson III James H. Hudson III, Director /s/ Joshua H. Lawson Joshua H. Lawson, Director /s/ William E. O’Connell Jr. William E. O’Connell Jr., Director /s/ C. Elis Olsson C. Elis Olsson, Director /s/ Paul C. Robinson Paul C. Robinson, Director Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 Date: March 5, 2008 91 The following graph compares the yearly cumulative total shareholder return on C&F Financial Corporation’s (the Corporation) common stock with the yearly cumulative total shareholder return on stocks included in (1) the NASDAQ Total Return Index and (2) the NASDAQ Bank Index. The graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2002 in the Corporation, the NASDAQ Total Return Index and the NASDAQ Bank Index and shows the total return on such an investment, assuming reinvestment of dividends as of December 31, 2007. There can be no assurance that the Corporation’s stock performance in the future will continue with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below. C&F Financial Corporation Total Return Performance C&F Financial Corporation NASDAQ Total Return Index NASDAQ Bank Index 250 200 150 100 e u l a V x e d n I 50 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Index C&F Financial Corporation NASDAQ Total Return Index NASDAQ Bank Index 2002 100 100 100 2003 164 150 130 2004 171 163 144 2005 162 165 138 2006 178 181 153 2007 139 199 119 (THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK) (THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK) We Believe Excellence is the standard for all we do, achieved by encouraging and nourishing: respect for others; honest, open communication; individual development and satisfaction; a sense of ownership and responsibility for the Corporation’s success; participation, cooperation, and teamwork; creativity, innovation, and initiative; prudent risk-taking; and recognition and rewards for achievement. We must conduct ourselves morally and ethically at all times and in all relationships. We have an obligation to the well-being of all the communities we serve. That our officers and staff are our most important assets, making the critical difference in how the Corporation performs; and, through their work and effort, separates us from all competitors. C&F Financial Corporation is a one-bank holding company providing a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses through its subsidiaries. C&F Bank (Citizens and Farmers Bank) offers quality banking services to individuals and businesses through 18 retail branches located from Hampton to Richmond. C&F Mortgage Corporation originates and sells residential mortgages throughout Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Through its subsidiaries, C&F Mortgage provides ancillary mortgage loan production services for loan settlement, residential appraisals and title insurance. C&F Finance Company specializes in new and used automobile lending in Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee. C&F Investment Services, Inc. provides a full range of securities brokerage, life and health insurance and investment services to individuals and businesses through the Bank’s 18 retail branch locations. STOCK LISTING Current market quotations for the common stock of C&F Financial Corporation are available under the symbol CFFI. STOCK TRANSFER AGENT American Stock Transfer & Trust Company serves as transfer agent for the Corporation. You may write them at: 59 Maiden Lane, Plaza Level New York, NY 10038 telephone them toll-free at: 1-800-937-5449 or visit their website at: www.amstock.com INVESTOR RELATIONS & FINANCIAL STATEMENTS C&F Financial Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, may be obtained without charge by visiting the Corporation’s website at www.cffc.com. Copies of these documents can also be obtained without charge upon written request. Requests for this or other financial information about C&F Financial Corporation should be directed to: Thomas Cherry Executive Vice President, CFO & Secretary C&F Financial Corporation P.O. Box 391 West Point, VA 23181 C&F Annual Report 2007 C&F Annual Report 2007 3600 LaGrange Parkway Toano, Virginia 23168 757-741-2201 802 Main Street PO Box 391 West Point, VA 23181 www.cffc.com B U I L D I N G F O R S U C C E S S B U I L D I N G F O R S U C C E S S 

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