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FY2017 Annual Report · Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation
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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2017

Cambrdge Cognition A4 Annual Cover.indd   1

23/03/2017   11:42

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc  

Contents 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

REMUNERATION REPORT  

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF  
CAMBRIDGE COGNITION HOLDINGS PLC  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

PAGE 

2 

3-9 

10-11 

12-13

14-15 

16-21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26-44 

45 

46 

47-48 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc  

Corporate Directory 

Directors:

Michael Lewis  
Steven Powell  
Nicholas Walters   
Eric Dodd   
Nicholas Kerton    
Andrew Blackwell  

(Non-Executive Chairman) 
(Chief Executive Officer) 
(Chief Financial Officer) 
(Non-Executive) 
(Non-Executive) 
(Non-Executive, resigned 1 July 2017) 

Secretary:

Nicholas Walters 

Registered Office:

Tunbridge Court 
Tunbridge Lane 
Bottisham 
Cambridge 
CB25 9TU 

Company number:

8211361 

Auditor:

Legal Advisers: 

Bankers 

Registrars 

Nominated Advisor 
and Joint Broker 

Joint Broker

Grant Thornton UK LLP 
Chartered Accountants 
Statutory Auditor 
101 Cambridge Science Park 
Milton Road 
Cambridge 
CB4 0FY 

Baker Botts (UK) LLP 
41 Lothbury 
London 
EC2R 7HF

Barclays
28 Chesterton Road 
Cambridge 
CB4 3AZ

Link Asset Services
The Registry 
34 Beckenham Road 
Beckenham 
Kent 
BR3 4TU 

finnCap
60 New Broad Street
London 
EC2M 1JJ 

Dowgate Capital Stockbrokers Limited 
82 St John Street 
London 
EC1M 4JN

2 

 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REVIEW 

Financial summary  

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Total revenues of £6.73m (2016: £6.88m) 
Gross profit increased to £6.11m (2016: £5.89m) 
Adjusted* loss before tax of £0.07m (2016: profit of £0.20m) 
Loss before tax of £0.28m (2016: profit of £0.11m) 
Loss per share of 1.3 pence per share (2016: earnings of 1.4 pence per share) 
Cash balance of £1.86m (2016: £2.38m) 

*Adjusted for share-based payments charge  

Operational highlights 

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Revenues excluding hardware up 5% at £6.62m (2016: £6.32m)  
Service revenues up 33% at £3.30m, representing 49% of group revenue  
Core business sales orders increased by 18% 
Increased number of pharmaceutical partnerships for near patient technologies centred on CANTAB 
Recruit and Cognition Kit 
Further investment in R&D and enhanced commercial infrastructure 
Continued investment in technology innovation underpinned by grant funding 
Launch of web based testing and CANTAB Prime ‘white label’ solutions 
Established new US office in Boston, MA

Overview 

2017 was a year of continued market development and investment in technology development for the Group. 
Total revenue was similar to last year despite the prior year’s results including two large contracts not repeated 
in 2017. Sales of core software and service products were up 5% on the previous year reflecting an increasingly 
expanded  product  range  and  a  drive  towards  partner  income  to  reduce  dependence  on  variable  clinical  trial 
revenue. 

The change in the revenue mix, with service income increasing from 36% to 49% of Group revenue and a more 
diverse customer base, confirms that the long-term growth strategy remains on track. The number of sales orders 
for  core  products  increased  18%  in  2017  in  comparison  to  2016  demonstrating  the  depth  and  reach  of  our 
commercial team is growing as a result of the investments made in 2016.   

Recruit  and  web-based  testing  product  revenues  and  sales  opportunities  have  continued  to  grow  as  we 
increasingly  transition  our  cognitive  testing  nearer  to  patients  and  clinical  trial  subjects  and  position  the 
Company’s offer in all stages of the drug development process. The increased diversity of the product mix enables 
the Company to provide solutions to customers at all stages of clinical development and in an expanding number 
of disease applications and this is expected to translate into short term and medium term revenue growth.  

The  Group  continues  to  expand  its  technology  base,  most  recently  with  the  commercialisation  of  wearable 
technology and the introduction of new programmes with voice technology and data analytics. This resulted in 
an increase in R&D costs from £0.89m in 2016 to £1.13m in 2017. Our wearables technology received an excellent 
endorsement with one of the initial studies reporting 95 per cent compliance and the importance of our voice 
technology developments was recognised by the award of an Innovate UK grant to underpin some of the costs 
of development.  

3 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

Financial Results 

Group revenues for 2017 and 2016 by product segment are as follows: 

2017 £m 

2016 £m 

Change £m 

Change % 

Software 

Services 

Total Software & Services 

Hardware 

Total Group Revenues 

3.32 

3.30 

6.62 

0.11 

6.73

3.84 

2.48 

6.32 

0.56 

6.88

(0.52) 

0.82 

0.30 

(0.45) 

(0.15)

(13.5) 

33.1 

4.7 

(80.4) 

(2.2)

Total revenues fell £0.15m (2%) in comparison to 2016. However, revenue from software and services grew by 
£0.30m (5%) in comparison to 2016. As the table illustrates, the small reduction in total revenues can be, in 
part, attributed to a fall in hardware sales, which is no longer a key product field following the migration to a 
cloud platform in 2015 but was inflated in 2016 by a single contract with a large hardware component.   

As  previously  announced,  the  Company  had  expected  to  sign  two  large  contracts  with  a  combined  value  of 
approximately £2.3m in the last quarter of the year. The larger of these two projects is expected to commence 
in the first half of 2018 and we look forward to updating the market in due course. 

Service revenues have grown 33% reflecting the positive strategic steps taken to diversify our product offering. 
Not only does this category include the traditional project and study management services but also the increasing 
amount of consultancy and bespoke development work being undertaken for customers for Recruit and wearable 
projects.  

Software revenues are down 13.5% reflecting the absence of a major contract win in the year bearing in mind 
that software revenue is recognised at the start of any project. However, we are achieving a greater number of 
sales in more stages of the drug development process and across more disease areas than previously.  

Gross profit grew from £5.89m in 2016 to £6.11m in 2017, a growth of 4%. Hardware is sold at a far lower gross 
margin than our high margin software and services, and so the reduced level of hardware sales has resulted in 
an increased margin of 91% (86% in 2016).  

Administration costs rose from £5.86m in 2016 to £6.49m in 2017, a rise of £0.63m or 11%. As noted above, 
there was a £0.24m rise in research and development costs and an increase of £0.54m in our sales and marketing 
spend. Though changes in the sales team were substantially completed in 2016, the impact of the costs over a 
full  year  drove  this  increase.  These  increases  apart,  our  operational  and  corporate  costs  remain  under  tight 
control.   

The loss before tax in the year was £0.28m, against a profit before tax of £0.12m in 2016. The R&D tax credits 
available as cash was restricted this year given the profit returned in 2016. The loss attributable to shareholders 
after tax credit and minority interests is £0.26m, which equates to a loss per share for the year of 1.3 pence. 
This contrasts to a profit per share of 1.4 pence in 2016. 

Despite  the  loss,  operating  cash  before  movements  in  working  capital  remained  positive  at  £0.01m.  Working 
capital  movements  included  a  small  increase  in  receivables,  payments  of  expenses  accrued  in  2016  and  the 
depletion of deferred revenues which drove net cash from operating activities to an outflow of £0.62m (2016: 
£0.47m  inflow).  Capital  expenditure  remained  stable  at  £0.05m.  Cash  outflow  was  mitigated  by  £0.19m  of 
proceeds from exercised share options, and totalled £0.48m. The cash balance of £1.86m at year-end means 
that  the  Group  remains  sufficiently  resourced  for  its  ongoing  operations  and  implementation  of  the  current 
strategic plan. 

The  balance  sheet  remains  satisfactory,  with  the  reduction  in  cash  being  more  than  reflected  in  a  £0.66m 
reduction in current liabilities. The Group has no long-term debt.   

4 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

Operational Review 

As  reported  in  last  year’s  strategic  report,  we  identified  that  we  could  realise  efficiency  gains  in  commercial 
operations by combining the previously separate business units of Pharmaceutical Clinical Trials and Academic 
Research into a single, product sales group. This reorganisation was completed with effect from 1st January 2017 
and our Operational Review is no longer categorised along these lines. 

During the year we have continued to support drug development companies in their pursuit of new treatments 
but with a particular focus on four disease areas, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Schizophrenia and 
Depression.  Our expertise, extensive data resources and investment in R&D in these areas has maintained our 
position as a leading provider of cognitive assessments to the research community and pharmaceutical companies 
involved in drug development in these areas. 

Away  from  our  core  areas  of  disease  focus  in  March  we  announced  the  publication  of  Amgen’s  EBBINGHAUS 
study. We supported this landmark study with not only software but also data analytics. Given both the number 
of participants and time points and its focus in cardiovascular disease this study highlighted that use of CANTAB 
software is not limited to cognitive assessment in the CNS field alone. 

The introduction of web based testing, also in March, has enabled researchers to run testing of trial participants 
remotely. A highly significant innovation, this enables studies to gather digital cognitive biomarkers at frequent 
time-points  for more  accurate  and rapid  data  to  aid earlier  decision-making  and  conduct  large-scale  research 
projects virtually, reducing the overall running costs of studies using proven neuropsychological assessments. 

From the expansion of the product range in 2016 we have had continued success with our new products, which 
have contributed strongly to the results for 2017 helping to diversify the product offering and reduce our exposure 
to the variability of revenue streams from large clinical trials.  

In particular, we announced in November 2017 that in a study sponsored by Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cognition 
Kit  wearable  technology  demonstrated  exceptional  levels  of  patient  compliance,  with  users  95%  or  more 
compliant with evaluations of their mood and cognitive function. This demonstrates that high frequency, near-
patient testing will be well tolerated by patients validating our initial investment in these technologies. Revenue 
from wearable technology projects totalled £0.60m in 2017 compared with £0.04m in 2016 when the technology 
was first commercialised. 

We  also  announced  the  launch  of our CANTAB  Prime  offering during  the year  answering  a  market  demand  to 
make our technologies available in other formats; often for use in non-clinical trial applications and therefore a 
potential  source  of  longer  term,  annuity  income.  CANTAB  Prime  uses  modular  software  architecture  to  apply 
existing product components within the customer framework enabling the collection, analysis and reporting of 
cognitive  measures  from  within  third  party  platforms.  CANTAB  Prime  can  offer  a  ‘white-label’  solution  to  a 
multitude  of  users  across  a  spectrum  of  market  segments.  CANTAB  Prime  has  already  opened  up  new 
opportunities previously closed to us; in particular, where users were not willing to adopt a product that stood in 
isolation outside their core systems. Initial deals incorporating CANTAB Prime executed in the first year of launch 
have generated over £0.20m of revenue. 

As part of a move to patient-centric technology advancements, we also announced results of the first move away 
from touch screen testing toward a new delivery format. We have an ongoing programme to use automated voice 
recognition technology to monitor patient response to pain and depression treatments. To ensure that we can 
continue to innovate within the constraints of our financial resources we were pleased to report that we have 
been awarded grant funding of £0.29m from Innovate UK to advance our work in biomarkers in this field. We 
expect this project to conclude and commence commercialisation in late 2018. 

We  continue  to  work  with  customers  and  partners  to  develop  technologies  and  applications  that  meet  the 
demands of the market both now and in the future. We see that these demands continually combine and cut 
across the traditional view of clinical, research and healthcare applications – the CANTAB Prime concept is a key 
example of that. Our approach of focussing on customer need and identifying the practical use of our innovations 
early in the research cycle is helping us drive meaningful and exciting innovation. 

5 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

Innovation

Two years ago, the Group adopted a new strategy for growth which, in addition to a new market development 
approach,  included  a  reinvigorated  R&D  programme  with  investment  in  both  technology  development  and 
neuroscience. The expanded R&D group, under the leadership of Dr Jenny Barnett, CSO and Ricky Dolphin, CTO, 
has already yielded several important additions to the CANTAB estate including Cognition Kit, Recruit and Prime 
which are making a significant impact on revenue growth. Through this activity, the Group is also enhancing its 
profile as technology leader, which in turn is having a positive impact on commercial activities. 

Looking ahead, the Group’s key R&D activities are focussed on four main areas: 

1. Continued product  enhancement  and  database  expansion  in  the  Group’s  key  strategic  areas of Alzheimer’s 
disease, depression, Parkinson’s disease and Schizophrenia. 

2. Continued development of remote, patient centric, testing solutions to support pharmaceutical partners with 
their digital health solutions as well as improving clinical trial efficiency. CANTAB Recruit for remote trial subject 
screening has already been used in two of the world’s largest Alzheimer’s disease studies with over 30,000 subject 
assessments  completed  and  this  type  of  solution  affords  the  Group  the  opportunity  to  develop  Software  as  a 
Service (SaaS) income. 

3. Monitoring of brain health through speech. The Group has already delivered the first prototype cognitive tests 
delivered by an automated voice platform and this has resulted in new, filed intellectual property. The next step 
will be the development of voice delivered technology which incorporates artificial intelligence to provide in depth 
analysis of cognitive health based on voice biomarkers. 

4.  In  parallel  with  enhancement  of  current  products  for  cognitive  assessment  of  patients  suffering  from 
depression, the Group is also working to bring a new package of products to market for cognitive assessment of 
mental health. This will incorporate new and novel tests for measurement of social cognition. We now know that 
aspects of social cognition – emotional processing, decision-making and recall for example – are core symptoms 
of not just disorders like schizophrenia and autism but are also highly prevalent in eating disorders, substance 
abuse, and neurological conditions like frontotemporal dementia. These types of symptoms are hugely important 
to  patients’  quality  of  life  since  they  affect  relationships  and  employment.  They  have  been  under-recognised 
historically  because  they  are  hard  to  measure.  Recognising  these  difficulties,  and  potentially  improving  them 
using  personalised  digital  tools  such  as  the  Emotional  Bias  Intervention  which  we  are  developing  with  our 
academic collaborators is an important new target across CNS disorders. 

These four programmes are expected to deliver products and technologies for commercialisation in the next two 
years and will provide solutions to the increasing global appetite for digital health solutions. This in turn will have 
a positive impact on revenue growth and company profile and provide a rich source of news-flow. 

The impact of the new accounting standard for revenues: IFRS 15 

The Group is adopting the new revenue accounting standard, IFRS 15, using the prospective method with effect 
from 1 January 2018. While the current results are not impacted by the new standard, its impact is significant 
enough that we have set out an estimate of what the results would have been had the standard been adopted in 
the preparation of accounts in earlier years.  

The main impact of IFRS 15 on the Group’s accounts is that software revenue from Connect, Recruit, Mobile and 
Insight  products  will  now  be  recognised  over  the  period  that  the  software  is  used  by  customers  rather  than 
recognised at the start of the contract.  

In previous years, there have been fluctuations in results from one year to the next dependent on whether a year 
includes a large contract win or not. We believe this new standard will result in a smoother spread of revenue 
over the life of a contract.  

As  noted  above, prior  year results  have  not been restated for  accounting  purposes,  however, our estimate of 
revenues on an IFRS 15 basis is as follows: 

6 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

As reported previously Estimated under IFRS 15 Difference

2015 £5.04m 

2016 £6.88m 

2017 £6.73m 

Outlook 

£4.98m 

£5.15m 

£6.89m 

(£0.06m)  

(£1.73m) 

£0.16m 

The challenges of global brain health continue to rise with an ever increasing economic cost. The products and 
technologies developed by the Group over the past five years to supplement the core technology have seen a 
gradual progression of our offering in line with customer needs. With a clear focus on the needs of patients and 
healthcare providers in our four core disease states, we have driven testing closer to the patient using wearable 
and voice activated technologies. This provides a data rich assessment of brain health and provides a detailed 
assessment of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical intervention in these complex disease areas. 

With  growing  recognition  as an  innovator  in  cognitive  assessment, we  are  now building partnerships  with our 
new technologies that will drive further revenue growth. With a strong sales order pipeline the Board expects 
further growth to be delivered this year. 

7 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The Group is exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties in undertaking its day to day operations. The key 
business risks affecting the Group and how they are managed are set out below:

Financial 

The Group has a history of operating losses, with 2016 being the Group’s first and so far only profitable year. 
Profitability depends on the success and market acceptance of current and new products and investment in sales 
infrastructure, without which the Group will make losses and consume cash. Until the profitable commercialisation 
of  new  products  and  markets  is  proved  sustainable  the  Group  will  carefully  monitor  costs  and  cash  flow  with 
reference to ensuring the Group is able to continue as a going concern. In particular, the rate of investment in 
new technologies will be limited to the extent of any surplus cash reserves of the Group and the positive cash 
flow derived from the core business and recently launched products.  

The  directors  have  prepared  a  strategic  plan,  including  financial  forecasts  and  cash  flows,  for  the  period  to 
December 2020. The monitoring of cash and future projected cash flows, as well as the sales pipeline is included 
in the monthly finance report to the Board. 

Product and market development 

Future success of the Group is principally focussed on growth of near term revenues through existing products 
as  well  as  the  successful  commercialisation  of  innovative  new  products  and  services.  The  ability  to  transition 
current products to new markets and the development of new products and services for both existing and new 
markets will determine how successful the Group will be in growing. As noted in the Strategic Report, we have 
seen  early  successes  in  our  most  recent  product  innovations.  However,  there  can  be  no  certainty  that  new 
products will be adopted or new markets successfully opened and this will determine the extent of future growth 
prospects.  

Uncertainty  remains  around  the  impacts  of  Brexit.  The  directors  and  management  continue  to  monitor 
developments and plan for potential impacts. 

Technology and regulation 

The  success of  the Group  and  its  ability  to  compete effectively with  other  companies  partly  depends  upon  its 
ability to protect its intellectual property and exploit its technology. During the year significant development work 
has continued on the product range to ensure that the Group’s products remain competitive and at the forefront 
of the sector. The Group files patent applications as it strives to protect and enhance its intellectual property. 

Growth management 

The Group's ability to manage its growth effectively requires it to continue to improve its operations, financial 
and management controls, reporting systems and procedures and to train, motivate and manage its employees. 
The Group’s future success depends on its ability to hire, train and retain key technical, scientific, regulatory, 
sales and marketing personnel. The Group seeks to recruit and retain high calibre staff through offering share 
ownership  incentives  and  rewards  commensurate  with  their  seniority  in  the  business  and  maintaining  open 
communication with employees. 

Reliance on key customers 

The Group maintains close relationships with a number of customers but aims not to be overly dependent on any 
one of them. During 2017, one customer accounted for 14% of the total revenue of the business though no other 
customer accounted for more than 10%. In 2016 the two biggest customers accounted for 21% and 11% of the 
total revenue. Measures are being taken to continue to diversify the customer base by growing revenues in other 
areas as the loss of a key customer could impact the Group in the short term although as the Group increases in 
size the impact of any loss is reduced. There is a risk that the loss of a major customer before any growth in 
revenue is sufficient to compensate would result in a revenue shortfall. 

8 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2017

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 

The  directors  have  monitored  the  performance of  the  Group with  particular  reference  to  the  key  performance 
indicators being revenue and clinical order pipeline, operating margin and cash flow. An overview of the financial 
results for the year is provided earlier in this report.  

KPIs at a glance: 

KPI 

2017 result  2016 result  Movement 

Revenue 

£6.73m 

£6.88m 

Order pipeline 

£1.97m 

£2.68m 

£0.15m 
decrease 
(2%) 

£0.71m 
decrease 
(26%) 

Summary management 
commentary 

Whilst  the  headline  figure  has 
decreased, 
underlying 
the 
strength of our key software and 
services  areas,  as  well  as  new 
product growth, gives us a sound 
base for the future. 

Although  the  number  of  orders 
has  increased  18%,  highlighting 
the  increased  diversity  of  our 
product  offering,  the  absence  of 
any large orders in 2017 led to a 
reduction in the pipeline.  

Operating margin  

(4%) 

2% 

Cash flow 

£0.48m 
outflow 

£1.57m 
inflow 

6 percentage 
point 
decrease 

As well as the revenue result, this 
reflects the investments made in 
research  and  development  and 
the sales infrastructure. 

Decrease in 
inflow of 
£2.05m 

The outflow in 2017 was driven by 
working  capital  movement.  Cash 
flow 
from  operating  activities 
before working capital movement 
was positive.   

The Group monitors progress on a regular basis and will add to the key performance indicators as circumstances 
dictate. The directors value greatly the progress and innovation demonstrated by the Group, and in particular 
the increased investment in research and development. Unfortunately, this cannot be readily measured in the 
style of a KPI. The directors are pleased with the innovation successes during 2017, and the plans for continued 
innovation going forward.  

Approved by the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board. 

Steven Powell 
Chief Executive Officer 
21st March 2017  

9 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Report of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2017

The Directors present their report on the affairs of the Group and Company together with the financial statements 
for the year to 31 December 2017. The Group financial statements are prepared under International Financial 
Reporting Standards (EU-adopted IFRS).  

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc (‘the Company’) and its subsidiaries (together, ‘the Group’) is a neuroscience 
digital health company specialising in improving brain health by developing and marketing near-patient cognitive 
testing technologies for pharmaceutical and healthcare industries worldwide. 

GOING CONCERN AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Having reviewed the financial forecasts and business plan of the Company and its subsidiaries and taking into 
account the level of cash resources available to them, the Directors have, at the time of approving the financial 
statements, a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to continue in 
operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.  Thus  they  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting in preparing the financial statements. 

Further information on the Group’s financial risk management strategy can be found in note 25. 

SHARE ISSUES 

The issued share capital of the Company is set out at Note 19 to the accounts. During 2017, 268,635 Ordinary 
shares were issued to satisfy the exercise of employee share options. 

DIRECTORS 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2017 and their interest in the share capital of the Company were: 

Name 

Michael Lewis (Chairman) 

Steven Powell 

Nicholas Walters 

Eric Dodd 

Nicholas Kerton 

Ordinary Shares of 1p each 

2017

33,375 

70,541 

2016

33,375 

70,541 

186,937 

186,937 

- 

- 

22,899 

172,900 

On 1 July 2017, Andrew Blackwell resigned as a Non-Executive Director. 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION AND SHARE OPTIONS 

Details  of Directors’ remuneration  and  share options  are provided  within  the Remuneration  Report  and  are  in 
addition to the interests in shares shown above. 

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.   

Company law requires the Directors to prepare such financial statements for each financial year. Under that law, 
the Directors have elected to prepare the Group financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and have elected to prepare the Parent Company 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  United  Kingdom  Accounting  Standards  and  applicable  laws  including 
Financial Reporting Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’. Under company law the Directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs 
and of the profit or loss of the Company and Group for that year. In preparing these financial statements, the 
Directors are required to: 

(cid:120)

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

10 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Report of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2017

(cid:120) make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

state whether the applicable IFRSs, or for the Parent Company, applicable UK GAAP have been followed, 
subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the Company’s financial statements 

prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the  Company's  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial  position  of  the 
Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They 
are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors confirm that: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

so far as each Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor 
is unaware; and 

the Directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken as Directors to make themselves aware 
of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

DIRECTORS’ INDEMNITY ARRANGEMENTS 

During the year the Company purchased Directors' and Officers' liabilities insurance in respect of itself and its 
directors. 

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS 

The Company’s major shareholders at 1 March 2018 were:  

Name 

Euroblue Investments Limited 
Hargreave Hale 
Michael Buxton 
Octopus Investments Nominees Ltd 
AXA Investment Mangers UK Limited 
Artemis Fund Managers Ltd 

AUDITOR 

No. of  
Ordinary 
Shares 
4,312,714 
3,246,110 
2,889,589 
2,232,779 
714,285 
714,285 

% 

20.8 
15.7 
14.0 
10.8 
3.5 
3.5 

A resolution to re-appoint Grant Thornton UK LLP as the Company’s auditor will be proposed at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting. In accordance with normal practice, the Directors will be authorised to determine the 
Auditor’s remuneration. 

Approved by the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board 

Nick Walters 
Company Secretary 
21st March 2018

11 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31 December 
2017 

The Directors are committed to a high standard of corporate governance and although the Company is not 
obliged to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code, the twelve principles of good governance produced 
by the Quoted Companies Alliance have been adopted by the Company as far as is practicable and appropriate 
given its size, stage of development and status as a Company whose securities are traded on AIM. Without 
such a sound governance platform the Company will be unable to achieve the strategic ambitions set out in the 
Strategic Report.  

The Board 

The Board of Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc is responsible for the long term financial success of the 
business. The current members of the Board of Directors are: 

Michael Lewis – Non-Executive Chairman – Mr Lewis has 25 years global Health and Pharma industry 
experience. He is currently Executive Chairman of iPlato an m-Health provider with 9M patient connections in 
the UK, Chairman of Haem02, a biotechnology company developing artificial human haemoglobin, Chairman of 
Glyconics Ltd, developing diagnostics for COPD, director of Mikale Ltd. Mr Lewis is also a lecturer, speaker and 
invited Chair of innovation sessions at NHS Expo, Chairs the KTN Medtech group, and was past Chair of the 
Assisted Living Innovation platform.  He previously has held senior roles at Gambro (Brussels), Boston 
Scientific (Paris), C.R. Bard (New Jersey), Sybron (Switzerland) and Becton Dickinson (UK). 

Dr Steven Powell – Chief Executive Officer – Dr Powell graduated in microbiology from the University of Wales 
and was awarded a PhD from the University of Aberdeen. He has over thirty years operational and investment 
experience in pharmaceutical and healthcare companies in the UK, USA and Scandinavia. Including his current 
role at Cambridge Cognition he has held five CEO roles, three in public companies. In 2003, he joined Gilde 
Healthcare, a pan-European life sciences investment fund as a partner and remained an adviser to the fund 
until 2016.  

Nicholas Walters – Chief Financial Officer - A chartered accountant, Mr Walters has served as Finance Director, 
Deputy Chairman and Chairman on a number of Boards. Mr Walters has over thirty years’ experience across a 
wide range of industry sectors and a track record for addressing the fundamentals in these companies and 
setting them up for sustainable growth. He has experience of start-ups in both the USA and the Far East as 
CFO.   

Eric Dodd – Non-Executive Director – Mr Dodd brings significant experience in board-level positions to the 
Company, including having been Chief Financial Officer of Antisoma plc, Morse plc, Stanmore Implants 
Worldwide Holdings Limited and KBC plc. Mr Dodd is presently Chief Financial Officer at ATTRAQT PLC, an AIM-
listed software company. 

Dr Nicholas Kerton – Non-Executive Director – Dr Kerton is an experienced director of public and private 
companies in the healthcare industry. Having completed a Ph.D. in Organic Synthetic Chemistry at Nottingham 
University, he progressed through the Wellcome Foundation, and then joined DuPont and Whatman Reeve 
Angel plc in senior business development and sales roles before moving into microbiology as Managing Director 
of Malthus Instruments, a subsidiary of Radiometer of Denmark. Dr Kerton was a member of the management 
team who established Celsis PLC, one of the first biotechnology companies to float on the London Stock 
Exchange, led the successful sale of Maybridge to Fisher Scientific International, founded Lab21 (a molecular 
diagnostics service funded by Merlin Biosciences) during which time he acquired three companies, and 
managed the Sirigen Group from initial venture capital funding in 2008 through to selling the business to 
Becton Dickinson in August 2012.  

The Board is responsible for the long term success of the Company. The Chairman’s role is to ensure the Board 
operates effectively and functions in such a way as to meet its objectives each year. The Chief Executive’s role 
is to ensure the executive team implements and successfully delivers on the strategy to ensure the long term 
success of the Company.  The Non-Executive Directors are expected to offer constructive challenge to the 
executives and input to the strategic thinking as well as contribute to the working of the three committees 
detailed below.  

Board Committees  

The Company has established an Audit Committee, a Nomination Committee and a Remuneration Committee. 
The Audit Committee is comprised of Eric Dodd (Chair), Michael Lewis and Nicholas Kerton. The Nomination 
Committee is comprised of Michael Lewis (Chair), Eric Dodd and Nicholas Kerton. The Remuneration Committee 
is comprised of Michael Lewis (Chair), Eric Dodd and Nicholas Kerton.  

12 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31 December 
2017  

The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include making recommendations to the Board on the appointment of 
the Company’s auditors, approving the auditor’s fees, safeguarding the objectivity and independence of the 
auditors, reviewing the findings of the audit and monitoring and reviewing effectiveness of the Company’s 
systems of risk management and internal control. The Audit Committee is also responsible for monitoring the 
integrity of the financial statements of the Company, including its annual and half yearly reports and interim 
management statements. 

The main issues considered by the Committee during the year in relation to the financial statements included 
the appropriateness of revenue recognition policies, adequacy of systems of internal control and going concern. 
The Committee notes the auditors’ inclusion of revenue occurrence as a key audit matter.   

No significant fees were paid in the year to the auditors for services other than audit and tax compliance and 
related work. The independence and objectivity of the auditors is important to the Company and the Committee 
keeps track of fees paid to the auditors for any change in this position.  Periodically the Audit Committee 
chairman speaks directly with the audit partner to set out the needs of the committee and to receive any 
feedback without the presence of any executive directors.  

The Committee also reviews the Group’s risk management and continues to believe that the Company’s risk 
management strategy properly addresses the main risk areas.     

The Nomination Committee’s responsibilities include reviewing the structure, size and composition of the 
Board, making recommendations to the Board concerning membership of Board committees and identifying and 
nominating candidates for the Board for Board approval. Every director appointed by the Board is subject to re-
election by the shareholders at the AGM following their appointment and every third AGM thereafter. 

The Remuneration Committee’s responsibilities include determining the remuneration of the executive 
directors, reviewing the design of all share incentive plans and determining each year whether awards will be 
made, and if so, the overall amount of such awards, the individual awards to executive directors and the 
performance targets to be used. Annual performance evaluation is based on targets set at the outset of each 
year and bonuses paid, as appropriate, in line with the agreed incentive plan.  

Board and Committee attendance during 2017 was as follows: 

Board 

Audit 

Nomination 

Remuneration 

No. of Meetings 

M. Lewis 

Dr S. Powell 

N. Walters 

E. Dodd 

Dr N. Kerton 

8 

8 

8 

8 

7 

8 

1 

1 

- 

- 

1 

1 

4 

4 

- 

- 

4 

4 

2 

2 

- 

- 

1 

2 

13 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2017 

The Company has established a Remuneration Committee. The members of the Remuneration Committee are: 

Michael Lewis (Chair) 
Eric Dodd 
Nicholas Kerton 

The Committee makes recommendations to the Board. No director plays a part in any discussion about his own 
remuneration. 

Components of Executive Directors’ remuneration 

Executive  remuneration  packages  are  prudently  designed to  attract,  motivate  and retain  directors  of  the  high 
calibre needed to enhance the Group’s market position and to reward them for increasing value to shareholders. 
The  performance  measurement  of  the  executive  directors  and  key  members  of  senior  management  and  the 
determination of their annual remuneration package are undertaken by the Committee. 

There are five main elements of the remuneration package for the executive directors and senior management: 
• Basic annual salary; 
• Benefits-in-kind; 
• Annual bonus payments; 
• Share option incentives; and  
• Pension arrangements. 

Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration 

The  remuneration  of  Non-Executive  Directors  is  determined  by  the  Board  and  reflects  their  anticipated  time 
commitment to fulfill their duties. The Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration is subject to the same principles of 
the Group Remuneration policy. The letters of appointment of Non-Executive Directors can be terminated with 
one month’s notice given by either party. 

Directors’ remuneration (audited) 
The remuneration of the Directors is as follows: 

Salary
/Fee 
£’000 

Benefits 

Bonus 

Pension 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

2017 
Total 
£’000 

2016 
Total 
£’000 

Current Directors: 
Remuneration as Executives: 
   Steven Powell 
   Nicholas Walters 
   Nicholas Kerton* 
Remuneration as Non-Executives: 
   Michael Lewis 
   Eric Dodd 
   Andrew Blackwell**   
   Nicholas Kerton 

Total 

150 
48 
- 

44 
30 
15 
30 
317

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
-

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
-

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
-

150
48
-

44
30
15
30
317

174 
77 
17 

44 
30 
30 
27 
399 

* Resigned as an Executive Director and appointed as a Non-Executive Director on 15 February 2016  
** Resigned as Non-Executive Director on 1 July 2017 

Payments were also made to third parties for the services of Nicholas Walters. See note 26 to the consolidated 
financial statements. 

14 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Share Options: 

Granted 

Nicholas Kerton 

Sept 2014  

Number of 
Options 
75,000 

Performance 
criteria 
Vested (1) 

Exercise price 
in pence 
60 pence 

Exercise period 

To 30 Sep 2024  

Steven Powell 

July 2015 
Nov 2016 

62,500 
550,000 

Vested (2) 
 (3) 

82.5 pence 
1 penny 

Dec 2017 - July 2025 
Nov 2019 – Nov 2026 

Nicholas Walters 

Nov 2016 

150,000 

(3) 

1 penny 

Nov 2019 – Nov 2026 

Performance Criteria 

(1) Options vest once the average of the closing price of shares in the Company over two consecutive 

dealing days, as derived from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List, has equalled or exceeded 
90 pence. This condition was fulfilled on 1 October 2015 

(2) Options vest once the average of the closing price of shares in the Company over two consecutive 

dealing days, as derived from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List, has equalled or exceeded 
120 pence. This condition was fulfilled on 4 May 2017 

(3) 55% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for the 

final 10 trading days of 2018 is greater than 140 pence per share. A pro rata sliding scale will apply if 
the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for the final 10 trading days of 2018 is 
between 100 pence and 140 pence. 45% of the options granted will vest if the cumulative revenue of 
the Company reported in the audited accounts for the three financial years ended 31 December 2018 
exceeds £23m. 

Upon his resignation as a Non-Executive Director on 1 July 2017, Andrew Blackwell forfeited 112,567 
options. On 11 October 2017, he exercised 225,135 options at an exercise price of 70 pence. 

On 31 December 2016, 62,500 options in favour of Steven Powell were forfeited as the performance 
criteria of a share price of at least 200 pence for two consecutive dealing days before 31 December 2016 
was not met.  

15 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cambridge Cognition 
Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge Cognition Holdings Plc 
Opinion 

Our opinion on the financial statements is unmodified 
We have audited the financial statements of  Cambridge Cognition Holdings Plc (the ‘parent company’) and 
its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year ended 31 December 2017 which comprise the Consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income, the Consolidated statement of financial position, the Consolidated 
statement of changes in equity, the Consolidated statement of cash flows, the Parent company statement of 
financial position, the Parent company statement of changes in equity and notes to the Consolidated and 
Parent company financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable 
law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. The 
financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the parent company financial 
statements is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting 
Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent 
company’s affairs as at 31 December 2017 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted 
by the European Union; 
the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities 
for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and the parent 
company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements 
in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other 
ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Who we are reporting to 
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of 
the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s 
members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the 
fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company 
and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to 
report to you where: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial 
statements is not appropriate; or 
the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that 
may cast significant doubt about the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the 

16 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cambridge Cognition 
Holdings plc 

going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the 
financial statements are authorised for issue. 

Overview of our audit approach 
(cid:120) Overall group materiality: £202,000, which represents 3% of the 

group's revenue; 

(cid:120) Key audit matter was identified as revenue occurrence;  
(cid:120) We performed full scope audit procedures on the financial statements 
of Cambridge Cognition Holdings Plc and Cambridge Cognition 
Limited which itself accounts for 68% of the group loss before tax. 
(cid:120) We performed targeted audit procedures on the financial information 
of Cambridge Cognition LLC and Cantab Corporate Health Limited 
and performed analytical procedures on Cambridge Cognition Trustees 
Limited. 

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those that had the 
greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of 
the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a 
whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Key Audit Matter – Group 

Revenue Occurrence

Under International Standard on Auditing 
(UK) 240 ‘The Auditor’s Responsibilities 
Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial 
Statements’, there is a rebuttable presumed 
risk that revenue may be misstated due to 
the improper recognition of revenue.  

Revenue is a material figure in the financial 
statements (2017 £6,730,000; 2016 
£6,876,000). The group has a high volume 
of revenue transactions, which exposes the 
Group to the risk of invalid transactions 
within the revenue population not being 
captured 

We therefore identified revenue occurrence 
as a significant risk, which was one of the 
most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement.

How the matter was addressed in 
the audit – Group  

Our audit work included, but was not 
restricted to:  

(cid:120) Evaluating the group’s stated 

accounting policies in respect of 
revenue recognition, whether these 
were consistent with International 
Accounting Standard (IAS) 18 
‘Revenue’ and whether they were 
applied accurately and consistently by 
the group.  

(cid:120) Testing a sample of signed contracts, 

ensuring revenue recognised agreed to 
the contract and is in line IAS 18 and 
group accounting policy. 

(cid:120) Agreeing a sample of invoices raised to 
milestones per the contract terms.  
(cid:120) Recalculating the year end accrued and 
deferred revenue balances for a sample 
of contracts. 

17 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cambridge Cognition 
Holdings plc 

Key Audit Matter – Group 

How the matter was addressed in 
the audit – Group  
(cid:120) For other revenue streams, we agreed a 

sample of sales invoices to cash 
receipts. 

The group's accounting policy on revenue 
recognition is shown in note 3.3 to the 
financial statements and related disclosures 
are included in note 5.   

Key observations 
Our audit work did not identify any 
material misstatements in the occurrence of 
revenue recognised in the year or any 
material instances of revenue not being 
recognised in accordance with the stated 
accounting policy. 

We did not identify any Key Audit Matters relating to the audit of the financial statements of the parent 
company. 

Our application of materiality 
We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the financial statements that makes it probable that 
the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable person would be changed or influenced. We use 
materiality in determining the nature, timing and extent of our audit work and in evaluating the results of that 
work.  

Materiality was determined as follows: 

Materiality Measure Group  
Financial statements 
as a whole 

£202,000 which is 3% of group 
revenue. This benchmark is 
considered the most 
appropriate because the group’s 
results fluctuate annually. 

Materiality for the current year 
is lower than the level that we 
determined for the year ended 
31 December 2016 to reflect 
the decrease in group revenues.  

18 

Parent 
£10,000 which is 5% of losses 
before tax. This benchmark is 
considered the most 
appropriate because the entity 
is cost based and not revenue 
generative. 

Materiality for the current year 
is similar to the level that we 
determined for the year ended 
31 December 2016. 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cambridge Cognition 
Holdings plc 

Performance 
materiality used to 
drive the extent of 
our testing 
Specific materiality 

Communication of 
misstatements to the 
audit committee 

75% of financial statement 
materiality. 

75% of financial statement 
materiality. 

We also determine a lower level 
of specific materiality for 
certain areas such as directors' 
remuneration and related party 
transactions on the basis that 
these are material by nature. 
£10,000 and misstatements 
below that threshold that, in 
our view, warrant reporting on 
qualitative grounds. 

We also determine a lower level 
of specific materiality for 
certain areas such as directors' 
remuneration and related party 
transactions on the basis that 
these are material by nature. 
£1,000 and misstatements 
below that threshold that, in 
our view, warrant reporting on 
qualitative grounds. 

The graph below illustrates how performance materiality interacts with our overall materiality and the tolerance 
for potential uncorrected misstatements. 

Overall materiality - group

Overall materiality - parent

25%

75%

Tolerance for
potential uncorrected
mistatements

Performance
materiality

25%

75%

An overview of the scope of our audit 
Our audit approach was a risk-based approach founded on a thorough understanding of the group's business, 
its environment and risk profile and in particular included: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120) Assessing the risk of material misstatement to the group’s financial statements. We considered the 
transactions undertaken by each entity and therefore where the focus of our work was required;  
Full scope audit procedures were completed for the main trading subsidiary, Cambridge Cognition 
Limited. Targeted audit procedures were performed for Cambridge Cognition LLC and Cantab 
Corporate Health Limited. Analytical procedures were performed on Cambridge Cognition Trustees 
Limited. All accounting is centralised and we completed our onsite audit work at the group’s main 
operating location with all audit work undertaken by the group audit team; 

(cid:120) The entities which were subject to full scope procedures made up of 48% of group revenue and the 
remainder was subject to targeted audit procedures. The group total assets subject to full scope 
procedures amounted to 77% and the remainder was subject to targeted audit procedures. 

(cid:120) The audit risks identified for the main trading component, Cambridge Cognition Limited, are the same 

(cid:120)

audit risks identified for the group as a whole; and  
Full scope audit procedures were performed for the parent company, Cambridge Cognitions Holdings 
Plc, which is a non-trading holding company. 

Other information 
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report set out on pages 3 to 15, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s 

19 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cambridge Cognition 
Holdings plc 

report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to 
the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a 
material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based 
on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Our opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 is unmodified 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

the information given in the strategic report and the report of the directors for the financial year for 
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 
the strategic report and the report of the directors have been prepared in accordance with 
applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report under the Companies Act 2006 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the 
report of the directors.  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; 
or 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
(cid:120)
(cid:120) we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit

Responsibilities of directors for the financial statements 
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on pages 10 and 11, the directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the 
parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

20 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cambridge Cognition 
Holdings plc 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report. 

David Newstead 
Senior Statutory Auditor 
for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP 
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants 
Cambridge 

21 March 2018 

21 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income   

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative expenses 

Other operating income 

(Loss)/ profit before tax 

Income tax  

(Loss)/ profit for the year  

Attributable to:

Equity holders in the Parent 

Non-controlling interest 

Earnings per share (pence)

Basic and diluted earnings per share 

Other comprehensive income

(Loss)/ profit for the year 

Items that may subsequently be reclassified  to profit or 
loss 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Notes 

Year to
31 December 
2017

Year to
31 December 
2016

5 

7 

10 

11 

£’000

6,730 

(622) 

6,108 

£’000

6,876 

(986) 

5,890 

(6,485) 

(5,860) 

93 

(284) 

6 

(278) 

(257) 

(21) 

(278) 

86 

116 

106 

222 

272 

(50) 

222 

(1.3) 

1.4 

(278) 

222 

38 

(240) 

4 

226 

All items of other comprehensive income are attributable to the equity holders in the Parent. 

The above results relate to continuing operations. 

22 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of financial position  

Assets 

Non-current assets  

Goodwill  

Property, plant and equipment 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Inventories

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets

Liabilities 

Current liabilities  

Trade and other payables  

Notes 

At 31 December 
2017

At 31 December 
2016

£'000

£’000

12 

13 

15 

16 

352 

88 

440 

33 

2,246 

1,859 

352 

117 

469 

37 

2,177 

2,384 

4,138 

4,598 

4,578

5,067 

18 

1,547 

2,206 

Total liabilities  

1,547

2,206 

Equity 

Share capital  

Share premium account 

Other reserves  

Own shares  

Retained earnings  

Equity attributable to Parent 

Non-controlling interest 

19 

20 

20 

207 

7,707 

6,023 

(43) 

(10,863) 

3,031 

- 

204 

7,517 

5,985 

(47) 

(10,748) 

2,911 

(50) 

Total equity  

3,031

2,861 

Total liabilities and equity

4,578

5,067 

The financial statements on pages 22 to 44 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue 
on 21st March 2018 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Steven Powell 
Chief Executive Officer 

23 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Share 
capital

Share 
premium

Other 
reserves

Own 
shares

Retained 
earnings

£'000

£'000

£'000

£'000

£'000

Non- 
controlling 
interest
£'000

Total

£'000

170

6,412

5,981

(51)

(11,099)

- 

1,413

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

34 

1,219 

- 

- 

- 

(114) 

- 

- 

34 

1,105 

- 

4 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

4 

272 

- 

272 

- 

- 

(4) 

83 

79 

204 

7,517 

5,985 

(47) 

(10,748) 

(50) 

- 

222

4

(50) 

226

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,253

(114)

-

83

1,222

2,911

- 

- 

-

-

-

(50) 

(50)

204

7,517

5,985

(47)

(10,748)

(50)

2,861

- 

- 

- 

3 

- 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

190 

- 

- 

190 

- 

- 

38 

38 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

4 

-

(257) 

(21) 

(278)

- 

- 

38

(257) 

(21) 

(240)

- 

(4) 

217 

213 

(71) 

-

-

-

-

193

-

217

410

71 

-

207

7,707

6,023

(43)

(10,863)

-

3,031

Balance at  
1 January 2016  

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income for the year 

Issue of new share 
capital 

Share issue costs 

Transfer on allocation of 
shares held in trust 

Credit to equity for 
equity-settled share-
based payments 

Transactions with 
owners  
Equity attributable to 
Parent 

Non-controlling interest 

Balance at  
31 December 2016  

Profit for year 
Other comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income for the year 

Issue of new share 
capital 

Transfer on allocation of 
shares held in trust 

Credit to equity for 
equity-settled share-
based payments 

Transactions with 
owners  
Transfer of accumulated 
loss on acquisition of 
non-controlling interest 

Balance at  
31 December 2017  

24 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of cash flows

Notes 

Year to
 31 December 
2017

Year to
 31 December 
2016

£'000

£’000

Net cash flows from operating activities  

21 

(624) 

473 

Investing activities  

Purchase of property, plant and equipment  

Net cash flow used in investing activities 

Financing activities  

Proceeds from the issue of share capital 

Net cash flows from financing activities  

Net (decrease)/ increase in cash and cash equivalents  

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year  

Exchange differences on cash and cash equivalents 

(48) 

(48) 

193 

193 

(479) 

2,384 

(46) 

(44) 

(44) 

1,139 

1,139 

1,568 

756 

60 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

21 

1,859 

2,384 

25 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

1. General information 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc (‘the Company’) and its subsidiaries (together, ‘the Group’) is a neuroscience 
digital health company specialising in improving brain health by developing and marketing near-patient cognitive 
testing technologies for pharmaceutical and healthcare industries worldwide. 

The  Company  is  a  public  limited  company  which  is  listed on  the  Alternative Investment  Market  (‘AIM’) of  the 
London Stock Exchange (symbol: COG) and is incorporated and domiciled in the UK. The address of its registered 
office is Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge, CB25 9TU.  

In  the  period  since  the  principal  trading  company,  Cambridge  Cognition  Limited  was  formed  in  2002,  it  has 
created  a  well-established  business  through  sales  of  its  proprietary  CANTAB®  (Cambridge  Neuropsychological 
Test Automated Battery) software into academic and pharmaceutical research locations around the world.  

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards  (‘IFRS’)  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union,  IFRIC  interpretations  and  the  Companies  Act  2006 
applicable to companies operating under IFRS.  The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those followed 
in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2016. The financial 
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. 

The subsidiary undertakings included within the consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2017 are 
given in note 14. 

2. Outlook for adoption of future Standards (new and amended) 

No standards or interpretations that impacted the Group financial statements came into effect during the year.  

At the date of authorisation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, the following Standards and Interpretations 
which have not been applied in the Consolidated Financial Statements were in issue but not yet effective (and in 
some cases had not yet been adopted by the EU): 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (effective 1 January 2018) - the Group is largely unaffected by IFRS 9 
given the nature of its activities. Management has reviewed the impact of consideration of the expected 
lifetime credit losses on its trade debtors balance and believes the impact will be immaterial to the 
financial statements. 
IFRS  15  Revenue  from  contracts  with  customers  (effective  1  January  2018)  –  see  note  27  for 
discussion of the impact of IFRS 15 on the Group 
IFRS 16 Leases (effective 1 January 2019) – see note 22 for discussion of the impact of IFRS 16 on 
the Group. 

All other Standards and Interpretations that are in issue but not yet effected are considered to have no impact 
on the Group as they do not apply to the Group at present. 

3. Significant accounting policies 

3.1 Basis of consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of the Company and of its subsidiaries.  

All  intra-group  transactions,  balances,  income  and  expenses  are  eliminated  in  full  on  consolidation.  Where  a 
subsidiary is not wholly-owned, it is consolidated in full, and the percentage not owned by the Group is recorded 
as a non-controlling interest. 

3.2 Going concern 
At the time of approving the financial statements, and based on a review of the Group’s forecasts and business 
plan, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus they continue to adopt the going concern basis 
of accounting in preparing the financial statements.   

26 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.3 Revenue recognition 
The following is a description of revenue recognition policy under the existing accounting standard (IAS 18). For 
an overview of the impact of the introduction of IFRS 15, see note 27.  

Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable  and  represents  amounts 
receivable  for goods  and  services provided  in  the  normal  course of business,  net  of  discounts,  VAT  and  other 
sales-related taxes. 

Sales of goods and licences 
The Group recognises revenue when all the following conditions are satisfied: 
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the buyer; 
the  Group  retains  neither  continuing  managerial  involvement  to  the  degree  usually  associated  with 
ownership nor effective control over the goods sold; 
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; 
it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; and 
the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. 

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

Revenue recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income but not yet invoiced is held on the Statement of 
Financial  Position  within  ‘Accrued  income’.  Revenue  invoiced  but  not  yet  recognised  in  the  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income is held on the Statement of Financial Position within ‘Deferred revenue’. 

Revenue is classified as follows: 

Supply of software licences 
Sales from software licences are recognised in full when the licences are provided since there is no significant 
ongoing obligation to the Group. 

Supply of product
Supply  of  product  consists  of  hardware  sold  in  conjunction  with  software  licence  fees  and  associated  other 
services. Revenue is recognised on despatch of the product when the significant risks and rewards of ownership 
are transferred to the buyer. 

Supply of associated services 
Sales of clinical testing services, including consultancy are recognised based on work done, which can include 
straight-line recognition or be subject to achieving milestones set out in the related service agreements, provided 
a  right  to  consideration  has  been  established.  For  example,  study  management  services  will  normally  be 
recognised over the length of the contract, whereas sales from training are recognised as the training services 
are performed. 

A number of the above elements may be sold together as a bundled contract. Revenue is recognised separately 
for each component if it is considered to represent a separable good or service and a fair value can be reliably 
established. The Group derives fair value for its professional services based on day rates for consultants.  Where 
software is included within a bundled arrangement, the residual value of the contract is ascribed to the software 
after a fair value has been allocated to all other components. 

Interest income 
Interest  income  is  recognised  when  it  is  probable  that  the  economic  benefits  will  flow  to  the  Group  and  the 
amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the 
principal  outstanding  and  at  the  effective  interest  rate  applicable,  which  is  the  rate  that  exactly  discounts 
estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount 
on initial recognition. 

3.4 Grants 
Grants of a revenue nature are credited to profit and loss to match with the expenses incurred. Where the grant 
relates directly to the Group’s principal activities, it is taken as revenue. Where the grant relates to payments for 
the use of the Group’s products or resources to support broader projects, the grant is taken as other income. 

3.5 Leasing 
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and 
rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. 

Rentals  payable  under  operating  leases  are  charged  to  income  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the 
relevant lease. 

27 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.5 Leasing (continued) 
In the event that lease incentives are received at the time the entity enters into an operating lease agreement, 
such  incentives  are  recognised  as  a  liability  and  released  through  profit  and  loss  over  the  term  of  the  lease 
agreement. The aggregate benefit of incentives is recognised as a reduction to rental expense on a straight-line 
basis,  except  where  another  systematic  basis  is  more  representative  of  the  time  pattern  in  which  economic 
benefits from the leased asset are consumed. 

3.6 Foreign currencies 
The  individual  financial  statements  of  each  subsidiary  are  presented  in  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic 
environment  in  which  it  operates  (its  functional  currency).  The  UK  pound  is  the  functional  currency  of  the 
Company and presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  of  the  individual  companies,  transactions  in  currencies  other  than  the 
entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates 
of  the  transactions.  At  each  reporting  date,  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date.  

Exchange differences are recognised in the period in which they arise. 

On consolidation, assets and liabilities have been translated into the UK pound at the closing rate at the reporting 
date. Income and expenses have been translated into the UK pound at the average rate over the reporting period. 
Exchange  differences  are  charged  or  credited  to  other  comprehensive  income  and  recognised  in  the  currency 
translation reserve in equity. 

3.7 Post employment benefit costs 
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

3.8 Exceptional items 
Where, in the opinion of the Directors, an event or a series of closely linked events that are outside the normal 
operations  of  the  business  have  a  material  impact  on  the  operating  result,  the  impact  of  this  event  will  be 
disclosed separately on the face of the income statement. Other key metrics, for example earnings per share, 
may also include a distinction which excludes any exceptional items. In all cases, amounts will be shown both 
excluding and including exceptional items.

3.9 Taxation 
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. 

Current tax 
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported 
in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other 
years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. 

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of 
assets  and  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the  corresponding  tax  bases  used  in  the 
computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities 
are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it 
is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 
However,  such  assets  and  liabilities  are  not  recognised  if  the  temporary  difference  arises  from  the  initial 
recognition of goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and 
liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are recognised for  taxable  temporary differences  arising  on  investments  in subsidiaries 
except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it 
is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or 
the asset is realised based on tax laws and rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting 
date. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or 
credited in other comprehensive income, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in other comprehensive 
income. 

28 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.9 Taxation (continued) 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the 
Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

3.10 Goodwill 
Goodwill  arising  in  a business  combination  is  recognised  as  an  asset  at  the  date  that  control  is  acquired  (the 
acquisition date). Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of 
any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest (if 
any) in the entity over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities 
assumed. 

Goodwill is not amortised but is reviewed for impairment at least annually. For the purpose of impairment testing, 
goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units expected to benefit from synergies arising from 
the  combination.  Cash-generating  units  to  which  goodwill  has  been  attributed  under  IFRS  3  Business 
Combinations are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit 
may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the 
unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and 
then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. An 
impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period. For impairment review purposes 
the value in use is assessed with reference to cash flows arising from the Board approved three-year plan using 
a 7.5% discount rate. If this calculation suggests the recoverability of goodwill is sensitive to any of these factors, 
appropriate scenario modelling is performed.  

3.11 Tangible and intangible assets 

(a) Property, plant and equipment 

Fixtures and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss. 

Depreciation  is  provided  at  rates  calculated  to  write  off  the  cost  of  fixed  assets,  less  their  estimated  residual 
value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases: 

Fixtures, fittings and equipment 
Leasehold improvements 

- 
- 

25% - 33% per annum straight line 
straight line over the lesser of 5 years or over the term of the lease 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds 
and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit and loss on the transfer of the risks and rewards 
of ownership. 

(b) Internally-generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure 

The Group undertakes research and development expenditure in view of developing new products. Expenditure 
on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.

An  internally-generated  intangible  asset  arising  from  the  Group’s  development  is  recognised  only  if  all  of  the 
following conditions are met: 

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)

an asset is created that can be identified (such as software and new processes); 
it is probable that the asset created will generate future economic benefits, for example it is technically 
and commercially feasible and the Group has sufficient resources to complete development; and 
the development cost of the asset can be measured reliably. 

Where no internally-generated intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised as an 
expense in the period in which it is incurred. 

3.12 Inventories 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where 
applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their 
present  location  and  condition.  Cost  is  calculated  using  the  First-In-First-Out  method.  Net  realisable  value 
represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, 
selling and distribution. 

29 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.13 Financial instruments 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group’s Statement of Financial Position when the 
Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Financial assets 
Financial assets are classified into the following specified categories: financial assets at ‘fair value through profit 
or  loss’  (“FVTPL”),  ‘held-to-maturity’  investments,  ‘available-for-sale’  (“AFS”)  financial  assets  and  ‘loans  and 
receivables’. The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at 
the time of initial recognition. 

Effective interest method 
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating 
interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated 
future cash flows (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest 
rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, 
where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. 

Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified 
as at FVTPL. 

Loans and receivables 
Trade receivables, loans, and other receivables that have fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in 
an active market are classified as ‘loans and receivables’. Loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest method, less any impairment. Interest income is recognised by applying the effective 
interest rate, except for short term receivables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial. 

Impairment of financial assets 
Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date. Financial assets are impaired 
where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition 
of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected. 

For all financial assets, objective evidence of impairment could include: 
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty; or 
default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; or 
it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial re-organisation. 

For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired 
individually are, in addition, assessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for 
a portfolio of receivables could include the Group’s past experience of collecting payments, an increase in the 
number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, as well as observable changes in 
national or local economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables. 

For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of the impairment is the differences between the asset’s 
carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original 
effective interest rate. 

The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with 
the  exception  of  trade  receivables,  where  the  carrying  amount  is  reduced  through  the  use  of  an  allowance 
account.  When  a  trade  receivable  is  considered  uncollectible,  it  is  written  off  against  the  allowance  account. 
Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against the allowance account. Changes in 
the carrying amount of the allowance account are recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial liabilities and equity 
Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the 
substance of the contractual arrangement. 

Equity instruments 
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting 
all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Group are recognised as the proceeds received, net of direct 
issue costs. 

Financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs. 

30 

 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.13 Financial instruments (continued) 
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest 
expense recognised on an effective yield basis. 

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating 
interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated 
future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, 
to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. 

Derecognition of financial liabilities 
The  Group  derecognises  financial  liabilities  when,  and  only  when,  the  Group’s  obligations  are  discharged, 
cancelled or they expire. 

3.14 Share-based payments 
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the 
fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date. The fair value excludes the effect of non-market-based 
vesting  conditions.  Details  regarding  the  determination  of  the  fair  value  of  equity-settled  share-based 
transactions are set out in note 23. 

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-
line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. 
At each reporting date, the Group revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest as 
a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, 
if  any,  is  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  such  that  the  cumulative  expense  reflects  the  revised  estimate,  with  a 
corresponding adjustment to equity reserves. 

3.15 Employee Benefit Trust
In order to facilitate the exercise of share options the Group maintains an Employee Benefit Trust (EBT). This is 
consolidated in accordance with IFRS10. The costs of purchasing own shares held by the EBT are deducted from 
equity under ‘Own Shares’ reserve. Neither the purchase nor sale of own shares leads to a gain or loss being 
recognised  in  the  Group’s  profit  and  loss  or  other  comprehensive  income.  When  shares  are  subsequently 
transferred to employees for less than their purchase price the difference is a realised loss recognised directly in 
reserves. 

4. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in note 3, the directors are required to 
make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not 
readily  apparent  from  other  sources.  The  estimates  and  associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical 
experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates 
are  recognised  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimate  is  revised  if  the  revision  affects  only  that  period  or  in  the 
period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

Critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies 
The following are the critical judgements that the directors have made in the process of applying the Group’s 
accounting policies. 

Revenue recognition 
Trading operations within the Group recognise revenue with regard to amounts chargeable to customers under 
service  contracts.  In  making  its  judgement,  management  consider  the  detailed  criteria  for  the  recognition  of 
revenue from the provision of continuous services set out in IAS 18 Revenue. The Directors are satisfied that the 
significant  risks  and  rewards  are  transferred  and  that  recognition  of  the  revenue  over  the  duration  of  the 
contractual period is appropriate. 

Goodwill 
The Group reviews the carrying value of its goodwill balances by carrying out impairment tests at least on an 
annual basis. These tests require estimates to be made of the value in use of its CGUs which are dependent on 
estimates of future cash flows and long-term growth rates of the CGUs. See note 12.

31 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

4. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

Capitalisation of development costs 
The point at which development costs meet the criteria for capitalisation is critically dependent on management 
judgement of the probability of future economic benefits. No development was completed in the year which met 
the requirements for capitalsation under IAS 38 – Intangible Assets. The research and development expenditure 
primarily relates to ongoing research as outlined in the Strategic Report. Therefore, no development costs have 
been capitalised during 2017 (2016: £nil). 

Recovery of deferred tax assets 
Deferred tax assets have not been recognised for deductible temporary differences, share options and tax losses 
as management considers that there is not sufficient certainty that future taxable profits will be available to utilise 
those temporary differences and tax losses. 

Share-based payment transactions 
The Group measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value of the 
equity  instruments  at  the  date  at  which  they  are  granted.  The  fair  value  is  determined  using  either  a  Black-
Scholes model or a Binomial Option model, with the assumptions detailed in note 23. The accounting estimates 
and assumptions relating to equity settled share-based payments would have no impact on the carrying amounts 
of assets and liabilities within the next annual reporting period but may impact profit and loss and equity. 

5. Segmental Information 

An analysis of the Group’s revenue for each major product and service category is as follows: 

   Software  
   Services 
   Hardware 

2017
£'000

3,322
3,302
106
6,730

2016
£'000

3,837
2,487
552
6,876

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the accounting policies described in note 3. 
Costs cannot be directly attributed to the products and services above so profit measures are not presented.  

Geographical information 

The revenue from external customers by geographical location is detailed below: 

United Kingdom 
United States of America 
European Union 
Rest of world 

All non-current assets are held in the United Kingdom. 

Information about major customers 

2017
£'000

1,087 
4,094 
578 
971 
6,730 

2016
£'000

746
4,042
1,101
987
6,876

Revenue amounting to £966,000 (2016: £1,440,000 and £745,000) of reported sales can be attributed to one 
(2016:  two)  customer  who  accounted  for  more  than  10%  of  reported  revenue  for  the  related  year.  No  other 
customers accounted for more than 10 per cent of reported revenue.   

6. Other operating income 

Other operating income is made up of the following: 

Grant income 
Sub-lease income 

32 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

47 
46 

86 
- 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

7. Operating (loss)/ profit 

Operating (loss)/ profit has been arrived at after charging/ (crediting): 

Net foreign exchange losses/ (gains) 
Research and development costs 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Staff costs (see note 9) 

8. Auditor’s remuneration  

The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of:  
the Company’s annual accounts 
the subsidiaries’ annual accounts 
Total audit fees 

Audit-related assurance services  
Taxation compliance services 
Other taxation advisory services 
Total non-audit fees 

Fees payable to affiliate firms of the Company’s auditor: 
Taxation compliance services 
Total fees payable to affiliate firms of the Company’s auditor 

9. Staff costs 

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) was: 

Operations 
Sales and business development 
Administrative support 

Their aggregate remuneration comprised: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs (see note 24) 
Share-based payments charge (see note 23) 

2017
£'000

32 
1,129 
77 
4,341 

2016
£'000

(164) 
890 
68 
3,810 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

14
21
35

8
9
2
19

45
45

14
21
35

7
8
10
25

14
14

2017
Number

2016
Number 

40 
12
12
64

2017
£'000

3,605
315
204
217
4,341

33
14
12
59

2016
£'000

3,280
277
170
83
3,810

33 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

10. Taxation 

Corporation tax: 
Current year 

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

Deferred tax (see note 17) 
Total tax (credit) 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

4 
(10)
(6)

- 
(6)

- 
(106)
(106)

- 
(106)

Corporation tax is calculated at 19.25% (2016: 20.00%) of the estimated taxable loss (2016: profit) for the year. 

The tax charge for each year can be reconciled to the (loss)/ profit per statement of comprehensive income as 
follows: 

(Loss)/ profit before tax on continuing operations    
Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19.25%  
(2016: 20.00%) 

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

Deduction on exercise of share options 

Movement in unprovided deferred tax 

Adjustment in respect of prior years 

Foreign tax charge 

Tax (credit) for the year 

2017
£’000

2016
£'000

(284) 

116 

(55) 

69 

(216) 

202 

23 

40 

(6) 

(57) 

(10) 

(106) 

4 

(6) 

- 

(106) 

The credit in respect of prior years relates to the receipt of R&D tax credits in respect of 2015 (2016: also in 
respect of 2015).  No claim has yet been made for 2016 or 2017 and no credit has been recognised in the 
financial statements.  

11. Earnings per share 

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) is based on the following data: 

Earnings 

Earnings for the purposes of basic and diluted EPS per share being net (loss)/ 
profit attributable to owners of the Company 

Number of shares 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic EPS 

2017
£'000

(257)

2017
'000

20,398

2016
£'000

272

2016
'000

19,402

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of diluted EPS 

20,398

19,473

For 2017, the effect of options would be to reduce the loss per share and as such the diluted loss per share is 
the same as the basic loss per share.  

For 2016, the impact of diluted shares is so minimal that there is no impact on EPS when rounded to 0.1 pence.  

34 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

12. Goodwill 

Cost and net book value 
At 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 

At 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016 

Goodwill
£'000

352 

352 

The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill might 
be impaired. Forecast cash flows for 2018 and beyond validate the value in use of the goodwill and no impairment 
provision is required.  

13. Property, plant and equipment 

Leasehold 
Improvements
£'000

Fixtures 
and fittings
£'000

Total
£'000

Cost 
At 1 January 2016 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2016 

At 1 January 2017 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2017 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2016 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2016 

At 1 January 2017 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2017 

Net Book value 

At 31 December 2017 

At 31 December 2016 

76 
- 
- 
76 

76 
- 
- 
76 

47 
13 
- 
60 

60 
13 
- 
73 

3 

16 

461 
45 
(2) 
504 

504 
48 
- 
552 

349 
55 
(1) 
403 

403 
64 
- 
467 

85 

101 

537 
45 
(2) 
580 

580 
48 
- 
628 

396 
68 
(1) 
463 

463 
77 
- 
540 

88 

117 

35 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

14. Subsidiaries and joint ventures 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2017 are as follows: 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation 
(or registration) 
and operation 

Cambridge Cognition Limited 

United Kingdom 

Cambridge Cognition Trustees Limited

United Kingdom 

Cambridge Cognition LLC

Delaware, United 
States of America 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 
% 
100% 

100% 

100% 

Cantab Corporate Health Limited 

United Kingdom 

100% 

Cognition Kit Limited 

United Kingdom 

50% 

Proportion 
of 
voting 
power held 
% 
100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

50% 

On 31 May 2017, the Group purchased the 30% of Cantab Corporate Health Limited that it did not previously 
own for the nominal value of the shares, £30.  

The results and assets of Cognition Kit Limited are immaterial to the Group. Accordingly, detailed joint venture 
disclosures have not been presented. 

All the above companies, except Cambridge Cognition Limited, are held via Cambridge Cognition Limited. All UK 
entities have their Registered Office at the Company’s registered office. The Registered office of Cambridge 
Cognition LLC is 2750 Rasmussen Road, Park City, UT 84098, USA. 

All holdings are in ordinary shares. 

15. Inventories 

Finished goods and goods for resale 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

33

37

During the year inventories with a total value of £77,000 (2016: £343,000) were included in the income 
statement as an expense. 

36 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

16. Trade and other receivables 

Amount receivable for the sale of goods and services 
Allowance for doubtful debts 

Prepayments and accrued income 
Other receivables 

2017
£'000
1,201
-
1,201
854
191
2,246

2016
£'000
1,454
(30)
1,424
596
157
2,177

Trade receivables 
Trade receivables disclosed above are classified as loans and receivables and are measured at amortised cost. 

The average credit period offered on sales of goods varies from 30 days to 90 days. The Group has recognised 
an  allowance  for  doubtful  debts  based  on  estimated  irrecoverable  amounts  determined  by  reference  to  past 
default experience of the counterparty and an analysis of the counterparty’s current financial position. 

Trade  receivables  disclosed  above  include  amounts  which  are  past  due  at  the  year-end  (see  below  for  aged 
analysis) but against which the Group has not recognised an allowance for doubtful receivables. There has not 
been a significant change in credit quality and the amounts are still considered recoverable. The average age of 
these receivables is 46 days in 2017 (2016: 66 days). 

Ageing of past due but not impaired receivables:  

31-60 days  
61-90 days 
91-120 days 
121 or more days 

Movement in the allowance for doubtful debts: 

Balance at the beginning of the year 
(Decrease)/ increase in provision 
Balance at the end of the year 

2017
£'000
72
8
-
36
116

2017
£'000
30
(30)
-

2016
£'000
97
219
27
191
534

2016
£'000
20
10
30

In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable the Group considers any change in the credit quality of 
the  trade  receivable  from  the  date  credit  was  initially  granted  up  to  the  reporting  date.  The  concentration  of 
credit risk is limited due to the customer base being large and unrelated.  Management considers that all the 
above financial assets that are not impaired or past due are of good credit quality.  

A total of £34,000 of bad debt was written off in the year, £30,000 of which had been previously provided as 
above.  

17. Deferred Tax 

At the reporting date, the Group has unused tax losses of £8.7 million (2016: £8.5 million) available for offset 
against future profits. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of these losses as there is uncertainty 
over the timing of future taxable profits. Losses may be carried forward indefinitely.  No deferred tax asset has 
been recognised in respect of share options. 

37 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

18. Trade and other payables 

Amounts falling due within one year 

Trade payables 
Social security and other taxes 
Other payables 
Accruals and deferred income 

2017
£'000

278 
92 
28 
1,149 
1,547 

2016
£'000

265 
71 
20 
1,850 
2,206 

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. 
The average credit period taken for trade purchases is 48 days (2016: 28 days). For all suppliers no interest is 
charged on  the  trade  payables.  Group policy  is  to ensure  that  payables  are  paid within  the  pre-agreed credit 
terms and to avoid incurring penalties and/or interest on late payments. The Directors consider that the carrying 
amount of trade payables approximates their fair value. 

19. Share capital 

Issued and fully paid 
20,697,870 (2016: 20,429,235) Ordinary Shares of £0.01 each 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

207 

204 

During 2017, 268,635 Ordinary shares were issued to satisfy the exercise of employee share options. 

20. Own Shares Reserve and Other Reserve 

Own Shares Reserve 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

43 

47 

The Own Shares Reserve represents the cost of shares acquired by the Cambridge Cognition Employee Benefit 
Trust to satisfy options under the Group’s share options schemes. The number of shares held by the Employee 
Benefit Trust at 31 December 2017 was 102,693 (2016: 112,193). 

During the year employees exercised 8,000 share options at an exercise price of £0.01 and 1,500 share options 
at £0.70 which were satisfied by the Employee Benefit Trust. A transfer of £4,000 was made from Own Shares 
Reserve to Retained Earnings in respect of these exercised options. 

The Other Reserve in the consolidated statement of changes in equity is made up of £5,981,000 which arose 
when the Company became the new Group holding company in April 2013, and £42,000 of cumulative exchange 
differences on the translation of foreign operations. 

38 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

21. Notes to the cash flow statement 

(Loss)/ profit before tax 

Adjustments for: 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Share-based payment expense 

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 
Decrease in inventories 
(Increase) in receivables 
(Decrease)/ increase in payables 
Cash generated by operations 

Tax credit received less tax paid 

Net cash from operating activities 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and bank balances 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

(284)

116 

77
217

10
4
(52)
(592)
(630)

6

(624)

2017
£'000

1,859

68 
83 

267 
21 
(575) 
567 
280 

193 

473 

2016
£'000

2,384

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months 
or less, net of outstanding bank overdrafts. The carrying amount of these assets is approximately equal to their 
fair value. 

22. Operating lease arrangements 

Lease payments under operating leases  
recognised as an expense in the year 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

171

162

At the reporting date, the Group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-
cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows: 

Within one year 
In the second to fifth years inclusive 
After five years 

2017
£'000

98
-
-

2016
£'000

139
91
-

Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the Group for rent. Property rental across three buildings 
has an average of 7 months to expiry at 31 December 2017.  

IFRS 16 Leases will apply to the Group from 1 January 2019. On application, operating leases with a duration of 
greater  than  one  year  will  be  recognised  as  both  a  fixed  asset  and  a  financial  liability.  These  will  be  realised 
subsequently  in  the  income  statement  through  depreciation  and  a combination  of  cash payments  and  finance 
charges respectively. The exact values will depend on the length and cost of leases contracted at that time. As 
can be seen from above, the only operating leases the Group presently holds relate to property. 

39 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

23. Share-based payments 

Equity-settled share option scheme 
The Company has a share option scheme for key employees of the Group. The vesting periods vary between 0 
and 3 years. Options are forfeited if the employee leaves the Group before the options vest. Details of the share 
options outstanding during the year are as follows: 

2017 

2016 

Number of 
share 
options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price
(in £) 

Number of 
share 
options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price
(in £) 

Outstanding at beginning of year 
Exercised during the year 
Granted during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

2,155,708
(278,135)
287,200
(371,167)
1,793,606

0.35 
0.70 
0.01 
0.71 
0.17 

1,874,888
(10,000)
1,150,000
(859,180)
2,155,708

0.68 
(0.01) 
0.01 
(0.61) 
0.35 

Exercisable at the end of the year 

391,406

0.73 

333,374

0.64 

The options outstanding at 31 December 2017 had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 8.4 years.  

Options were granted on 9 May 2017, 28 July 2017 and 1 November 2017. The performance conditions attached 
to some of these options are such that options vest dependent on the Company achieving certain performance 
hurdles. The performance conditions, which are both market and non-market conditions, have been incorporated 
into the measurement by actuarial modelling. The aggregate of the estimated fair values of the options granted 
is £270,000. The inputs into the Binomial Option model for the main tranche of performance related options were 
as follows: 

Share price at date of issue 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Risk-free rate 
Expected dividend yields 

May 2017

123p
1p
43%
3 years
0.12%
0.0%

Expected volatility was determined by considering the expected share price movements and other comparable 
listed companies in the sector. For each option tranche a minimum share price hurdle for the options to vest was 
set in accordance with the individual terms set out in the option contracts. 

The Group recognised total expenses of £217,000 (2016: £83,000), related to equity-settled share-based 
payment transactions. 

24. Post-employment benefit schemes 

Defined contribution schemes 
The Group operates a defined contribution retirement benefit scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of 
the scheme are held separately from those of the Group in funds under the control of independent trustees.  

The  total  cost  charged  to  income  of  £204,000  (2016:  £170,000)  represents  contributions  payable  to  these 
schemes by the Group at agreed rates. As at 31 December 2017, contributions of £19,000 (2016: £18,000) due 
in respect of the current reporting year had not been paid over to the schemes. 

40 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

25. Financial instruments 

Capital risk management 
The Group manages its capital to ensure the Group is able to continue as a going concern while maximising the 
return to stakeholders through optimising the balance between the Group debt and equity. The Group had no 
borrowings at 31 December 2017.   

The current capital structure of the Group consists of cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to equity 
holders of the Parent, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained earnings as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Equity shareholder funds  

2017
£'000

1,859
3,031

2016
£'000

2,384
2,861

The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. 

Significant accounting policies 
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted (including the criteria for recognition, the basis 
of measurement and the bases for recognition of income and expenses) for each class of financial asset, financial 
liability and equity instrument are disclosed in note 3. 

Categories of financial instruments 

Financial assets classified as loans and receivables 
Cash and bank balances 
Trade and other receivables  

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

Trade and other payables 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

1,859
1,391

2,384
1,538

771

1,015

Financial risk management objectives 
The Group’s Finance function is responsible for all aspects of corporate treasury. It co-ordinates access to financial 
markets, monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Group through internal reports 
which analyse exposures by degree and magnitude. The risks reviewed include market risk (including currency 
risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. 

Liquidity Risk 
Liquidity risk is that the Group might be unable to meet its obligations. The Group manages its liquidity needs by 
monitoring cash outflows due in day-to-day business. The Board reviews an annual 12 month financial projection 
as well as information regarding cash balances on a monthly basis, which includes projections to at least the end 
of the present year.  The Group maintains cash and cash equivalents to meet its liquidity requirements for up to 
a 30-day period. 

At 31 December 2017, the Group’s financial liabilities had contractual maturities which are summarised below: 

Trade payables 
Other payables 

2016
£'000
Within 1 year Within 1 year

2017
£'000

278
493

771

246
769

1,015

Market risk 
The Group’s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates (see 
below).  The  Group  has  limited  exposure  to  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  and  does  not  believe  the  use  of 
financial derivatives is appropriate.  

There  has  been  no  change  to  the  Group’s  exposure  to  market  risks  or  the  manner  in  which  these  risks  are 
managed and measured. 

41 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

25. Financial instruments (continued) 

Foreign currency risk management 
The Group undertakes transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate 
fluctuations arise.  

The carrying amounts of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at 
the year-end were as follows: 

US Dollar 
Euro 
Qatari Riyal 

                     Liabilities 

              Assets 

2017
£'000

31
3
-

2016
£'000

11
-
-

2017
£'000

1,124
246
4

2016
£'000

1,139
147
207

A movement in the £/$ exchange rate of +/- 5% from 31 December 2016 to the date of realising the US dollar 
net asset position would result in a gain/loss of £55,000 (2016: £56,000).  Similarly, with the Euro, the gain/loss 
would be £12,000 (2016: £7,000), and with the Qatari Riyal the gain/loss would be negligible (2016: £10,000).  

Credit risk management 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial 
loss to the Group. The Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining 
sufficient collateral where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Group 
makes appropriate enquiries of the counter party and independent third parties to determine credit worthiness. 
Use of other publicly available financial information and the Group’s own trading records is made to rate its major 
customers. The Group’s exposure and the credit worthiness of its counterparties are continuously monitored and 
the aggregate value of transactions is spread amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure is also controlled 
by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by Group management continuously. 

The Group does not have any significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or group of counterparties 
having  similar  characteristics.  The  Group  defines  counterparties  as  having  similar  characteristics  if  they  are 
related entities.  

The  carrying  amount  recorded  for  financial  assets  in  the  Statement  of  Financial  Position  is  net  of  impairment 
losses and represents the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk. No guarantees have been given in respect 
to third parties. 

Fair value of financial instruments 
Fair value of financial instruments carried at amortised cost 

The directors consider that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at amortised 
cost in the Statement of Financial Position approximate their fair values. 

26. Related party transactions 

Balances  and  transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries,  which  are  related  parties,  have  been 
eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. Transactions between the Group and other related 
parties are disclosed below. 

Transactions with Cognition Kit Limited 

Cognition Kit Limited is the Group’s 50% owned joint venture.  

During the year the Group invoiced £56,115 (2016: nil) to Cognition Kit Limited, representing both the value of 
time and expenses of the Group. At year-end a balance of £5,000 was owed to the Group by Cognition Kit Limited. 
The Group has also accrued for the repayment of £59,421 of revenue for time spent by the Group’s personnel in 
relation to Cognition Kit Limited (2016: £35,198 accrued in relation to time and expenses).  

Further,  the  Group  paid  Cognition  Kit  Limited  £6,538  in  referral  fees  in  the  year  (2016:  nil).  No  balance  was 
outstanding at 31 December 2017 (2016: nil).  

42 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

Remuneration of directors and key management personnel 

The remuneration of the key management personnel of the Group is set out below in aggregate for each of the 
categories  specified  in  IAS  24  Related  Party  Disclosures.  The  key  management  personnel  of  the  Group  at  31 
December 2017 consist of the Directors and three additional senior staff. 

Short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Termination benefits 
Share-based payments 

2017
£'000

2016
£'000

631
12
-
148
791

609
9
-
72
690

Payments in respect of each director are set out in the Remuneration Report. The audited section of that Report 
forms part of the financial statements. 

Other transactions 

In addition to the above, during 2017 the Group incurred consultancy fees of £36,000 (2016: £48,000) from MCR 
Holdings, a partnership of which Nicholas Walters is a partner.  At 31 December 2017 a balance of £2,714 (2016: 
£5,481) was outstanding to MCR Holdings. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  during  2016  the  Group  incurred  consultancy  fees  of  £21,000  from  Actionreaction 
Limited,  a  company  of  which  Nicholas  Kerton  is  a  director.    At  31  December  2016  a  balance  of  £2,000  was 
outstanding  to  Actionreaction  Limited.  No  transactions  with  Actionreaction  Limited  occurred  in  2017  and  no 
balance is owing. 

27. Introduction of IFRS 15: Revenue from contracts with customers 

IFRS 15 became effective for  the  Group on 1  January  2018.  The  Group  has  chosen  to adopt IFRS 15  as  of  1 
January  2018  and  recognise  the  cumulative  effect  of  the  initial  application  at  that  date.  This  means  that  the 
results for 2017 and 2016 as presented in these financial statements are presented under IAS 18: Revenues. 

Differences between IAS 18 and IFRS 15 for the Group 

There are three changes in accounting policy for the Group given the adoption of IFRS 15. 

1) For licences that are hosted on our own servers, we are now measuring these in one of two ways: 

a.

b.

For contracts where we also provide study and data management services, and also for any 
other contract greater than £20,000 in value, we are allocating a per assessment price to the 
assessments  sold  and  amortising  the deferred  revenue over  the  period  the  assessments  are 
used. 
For  all  other sales,  we  are  recognising revenue  on  a straight  line  period of  12  months.  This 
period has been chosen as it best represents the average life of this portfolio of contracts. 

In  either  of  these  cases,  the  customer  purchases  a  right  to  use  our  intellectual  property  as  it  exists 
throughout the licence period, and our performance obligation is therefore executed over a period of 
time. 

2) For licences that are not hosted on our own servers, we now only recognise the revenue when the licence 
period commences, even if the order has been placed and accepted, and software prepared, prior to this 
date. In this case, the customer purchases a right to use our intellectual property at the point in time 
the licence commences, and so our performance obligation is discharged upon delivery of the licence. 

3) Where  commissions  are  paid  based  on  revenues  that  are  not  expected  to  be  recognised  within  12 
months, the commission is capitalised and held as an asset on the balance sheet, before being amortised 
in line with the related revenue. 

43 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

Adjustment to be posted to the accounts dated 1 January 2018 

As described above, the Group posted an adjustment to its accounts on 1 January 2018. This adjustment impacts 
the balance sheet, with the corresponding value being debited or credited to accumulated reserves.  

The value of this adjustment with respect to each of the three changes detailed above was as follows: 

1) Deferred revenue increased by £1,843,000 
2) Deferred revenue increased by £164,000 
3) An asset of £50,000 created 

This resulted in a total debit to opening reserves of £1,957,000 

The following table shows the 31 December 2017 values as per these financial statements and the revised balance 
as at 1 January 2018. 

Balance sheet caption 

Prepayments  and  accrued  income 
(part of trade and other receivables) 
Total assets 
Accruals  and  deferred  income  (part 
of trade and other payables) 
Total liabilities 
Retained earnings 
Total equity 
Total liabilities and equity 

As  presented  at  31 
December 2017 (£’000)
854 

As 
revised  on  1 
January 2018 (£’000) 
904 

Difference 
(£’000) 
50 

4,578 
1,149 

1,547 
(10,863) 
3,031 
4,578 

4,628 
3,156 

3,554 
(12,820) 
1,074 
4,628 

50 
2,007 

2,007 
(1,957) 
(1,957) 
50 

Results for 2017 and 2016 under IFRS 15 

As explained above, the audited financial results have not been restated for IFRS 15.  

For information, the summary below shows management’s estimate of key results had IFRS 15 been applied to 
prior periods. 

2017 – as 
reported (£’000) 

2017 – revised for 
IFRS 15 (£’000) 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
(Loss)/ profit 
before tax 
(Loss)/ profit for 
the year 

6,730 
(622) 
6,108 
(284) 

(278) 

6,896 
(636) 
6,260 
(132) 

(126) 

2016 – as 
reported 
(£’000) 
6,876 
(986) 
5,890 
116 

2016 – revised 
for IFRS 15 
(£’000) 
5,149 
(934) 
4,215 
(1,559) 

222 

(1,453) 

44 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Parent Company statement of financial position 

Assets 

Non-current assets 

Investments  

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

Equity 

Share capital  

Share premium account 

Retained earnings  

Total equity 

Notes 

At 31 December 
2017

At 31 December 
2016

£'000

£’000

2 

3 

4 

5 

351 

351 

5,117 

562 

5,679 

232 

232 

4,976 

699 

5,675 

6,030

5,907

62 

62

207 

7,707 

(1,946) 

152 

152

204 

7,517 

(1,966) 

5,968

5,755

Total liabilities and equity

6,030

5,907

No profit and loss account is presented for Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc as provided by section 408 of the 
Companies Act 2006.  The Company’s loss after tax for the financial year was £197,000 (2016: £217,000). 

The financial statements of Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc on pages 45 to 48 were approved and authorised 
for issue by the Board on 21st March 2018 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Steven Powell 
Chief Executive Officer 

45 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Parent Company statement of changes in equity 

Balance at 1 January 2016 

(Loss) for the year 

Issue of new share capital 

Share issue costs 

Credit to equity of equity-settled share-
based payments 

Transactions with owners 

At 31 December 2016 

Balance at 1 January 2017 

(Loss) for the year 

Issue of new share capital 

Credit to equity of equity-settled share-
based payments 

Transactions with owners 

At 31 December 2017 

Share 
capital
£’000

Share 
premium
£’000

Retained 
earnings
£’000

Total

£’000

170

6,412 

-

34

-

-

- 

1,219 

(114) 

- 

(1,832) 

(217) 

- 

- 

83 

4,750 

(217) 

1,253 

(114) 

83 

34

204

1,105 

7,517

83 

1,222 

(1,966)

5,755

204

7,517 

-

3

-

3

- 

190 

- 

190 

(1,966) 

(197) 

- 

217 

5,755 

(197) 

193 

217 

217 

410 

207

7,707

(1,946)

5,968

46 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the Parent Company financial statements 

1. Significant accounting policies 

1.1 Basis of accounting 

The separate financial statements of the Company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2006. They 
have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention  and  in  accordance  with  applicable  United  Kingdom 
Accounting Standards and law. The Company has elected to use Financial Reporting Standard – ‘The Reduced 
Disclosure  Framework’  (FRS  101).  The  Company  has  taken  advantage  of  the  following  disclosure  exemptions 
afforded by FRS 101: 

-  Disclosure exemption allowing no cash flow statement or related notes to be presented 
-  Disclosure exemption allowing the Company not to disclose related party transactions when transactions 

are entered into wholly within the Group 

-  Disclosure exemption around Key Management Personnel compensation (though see note 26 of the Group 

accounts and the Directors Remuneration Report) 

-  Capital management disclosures (though see note 25 of the Group accounts) 
-  Disclosure exemption on the effect of future accounting standards 
-  Disclosure exemption on share-based payment information disclosures (IFRS 2), as this information has 

been presented for the Group in note 23 of the consolidated financial statements  

-  Disclosure exemption on financial instrument disclosures (IFRS 7) as this information has been presented 

for the Group in note 25 of the consolidated financial statements.   

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the 
year. The accounts are presented in Pounds Sterling (“£”), and to the nearest £1,000. 

1.2 Investments 

Fixed asset investments in subsidiaries are shown at cost less provision for impairment. The Company accounts 
for share options granted to the employees of subsidiary undertakings by recognising an increased investment 
in the subsidiary, with the corresponding credit recognised in reserves. 

1.3 Financial instruments 

The Company’s financial instruments accounting policy is as per the Group’s policy (see note 3.13). 

1.4 Going concern 

The directors have, at the time of approving the financial statements, a reasonable expectation that the Company 
has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus they continue to 
adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. 

1.5 Employee Benefit Trust 

An Employee Benefit Trust (EBT) is maintained in order to facilitate the exercise of employee share options. 
Assets and shares of the EBT are not consolidated into the Parent company. Own shares, as previously 
presented, in the statement of changes in equity have been reclassified to conform with current accounting 
treatment under IAS 27. Neither the purchase nor sale of own shares leads to a gain or loss being recognised 
in the Company’s profit and loss account or statement of total recognised gains and losses. 

47 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the Parent Company financial statements 

2. Investments 

Cost 
At 1 January 2017 
Additions 
At 31 December 2017 

Provisions for impairment 
At 31 December 2016 and At 31 December 2017 

Net Book value 
At 31 December 2017 

At 31 December 2016 

Investment in 
Subsidiaries
£'000

232 
119 
351 

- 

351 

232 

The subsidiary undertaking at the end of the year was as follows: 

Name 

Cambridge Cognition Limited 

Country 
of 
Operation 
United 
Kingdom 

Proportion of 
Ownership and 
Voting Power Held 
100% 

Nature of Business 

Development and sale of 
computerised 
neuropsychological tests 

Other Group subsidiaries, all of which are owned indirectly through Cambridge Cognition Limited are detailed in 
note 14 of the Group accounts. All subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated accounts. 

3. Trade and other receivables 

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings  
Other receivables 

2017
£’000

5,103
14
5,117

2016
£'000

4,951
25
4,976

£5,100,000  of  the  amounts  due  from  subsidiary  undertakings  is  considered  a  long  term  loan  to  Cambridge 
Cognition Limited, and the Company receives interest at a rate of 7.5% per annum on this amount. The remaining 
balance is of an operating nature and is cleared regularly. 

4. Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Social security and other taxes 
Accruals 

5. Share capital 

2017 
£’000

2016
£'000

27 
13 
22 
62 

31 
13 
108 
152 

The details on the share capital of the Company are provided at note 19 to the Group’s accounts. 

6. Employment costs 

The only employees of the Company are the Directors. Payments in respect of each director are set out in the 
Remuneration Report. The audited section of that Report forms part of the financial statements.

48 

Perivan Financial Print    249646