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Registered No: 8211361 

Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc  

Annual Report and Accounts 

31 December 2021  

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc  

Contents 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  

REMUNERATION REPORT  

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF  
CAMBRIDGE COGNITION HOLDINGS PLC  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

PAGE 

2 

3-10 

11-12 

13-16 

17-18 

19-30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35-54 

55 

56 

57-58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc  

Corporate Directory 

Directors: 

Registered Office: 

Steven Powell  
Matthew Stork  
Richard Bungay   
Debra Leeves  

(Non-Executive Chairman) 
(Chief Executive Officer) 
(Non-Executive Director) 
(Non-Executive Director) 

Tunbridge Court 
Tunbridge Lane 
Bottisham 
Cambridge 
CB25 9TU 

Company number: 

8211361 

Auditor: 

Legal Advisers: 

Bankers: 

Registrars: 

Nominated Advisor 
and Joint Broker: 

Joint Broker: 

Grant Thornton UK LLP 
Chartered Accountants 
Statutory Auditor 
101 Cambridge Science Park 
Milton Road 
Cambridge 
CB4 0FY 

Brown Rudnick LLP 
8 Clifford Street 
London 
W1S 2LQ 

Barclays 
28 Chesterton Road 
Cambridge 
CB4 3AZ 

Link Group 
10th Floor 
Central Square 
29 Wellington Street 
Leeds 
LS1 4DL 

Panmure Gordon (UK) Ltd. 
One New Change  
London 
EC4M 9AF 

Dowgate Capital Limited 
15 Fetter Lane  
London 
EC4A 1BW

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REVIEW 

Financial summary  

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Revenue up 50% to £10.1m (2020: £6.7m) 
Gross profit up 49% to £8.1m (2020: £5.4m) 
Profit for the year £0.5m (2020: £0.4m loss) 
Profit per share 1.4 pence (2020: 1.5 pence loss per share) 
Cash balance of £6.8m at 31 December 2021 (31 December 2020: £3.0m) 

Operational highlights 

Contracted order book £17.0m at 31 December 2021 (31 December 2020: £11.2m) 

Record sales intake of £15.7m (2020: £12.7m) 

- 
-  Major contract wins, including a £2.3m large cohort study 
- 
-  Well-managed growth leading to profitability 
- 
- 

Proprietary speech technology for clinical trials in validation trials 
Completed spin-out of digital phenotyping business, Monument Therapeutics 

Overview 

2021  has  been  a  landmark  year  and  inflection  point  for  the  Company.  With  considerable  momentum  from 
successes in 2020, the Company delivered record sales, 50% revenue growth, and profitability in 2021.  I am 
grateful to both the investors who have supported us and our team for their commitment and hard work as we 
have grown the business. 

Cambridge Cognition’s goal is to improve the health of people around the world by discovering and delivering 
more effective brain health assessments.  The Company’s leading computerised cognitive assessment, CANTABTM, 
was developed with this in mind at Cambridge University.  We have subsequently built upon that position with a 
suite of in-clinic and home-based digital and verbal cognitive tests and electronic Clinical Outcomes Assessment 
(“eCOA”) instruments.   

We have continued to focus on commercial execution to drive sales of our innovative solutions for clinical trials.  
At  the  same  time,  there  has  been  increased  demand  with  an  acceleration  of  the  trend  towards  virtual  clinical 
trials and more investment in Central Nervous System (“CNS”) drug development.  These dynamics resulted in 
substantial orders and subsequent revenue growth for both our software and services.  We consistently provided 
value  for  our  loyal  and  growing  customer  base  of  leading  academics,  top  20  pharmaceutical  and  biotech 
companies. 

There were some more delays to clinical trials due to the pandemic in 2021 – fewer than in 2020 – and once 
again the impact on revenues were offset by new contract gains.  With our experience in, and infrastructure for, 
web-based assessment we were able to support customers with at-home-measurement as part of a virtual or 
hybrid clinical trial. 

In addition to delivering a strong performance in 2021, the contract wins over the year mean we are well prepared 
for 2022 and beyond with a contracted order book of over £17 million at the start of 2022, of which at least £7.5 
million is expected to be recognised as revenue in 2022, subject to customer delivery schedules.  This gives the 
Company excellent visibility of revenue into the year ahead.  

Cambridge Cognition has a reputation for leading in the development of novel digital cognitive assessments.  This 
is  evident  from  the  widespread  use  of  CANTAB™  amongst  the  academic  research  community,  the  leading 
members  of  which  frequently  advise  pharmaceutical  companies  on  clinical  trial  design.    The  evidence  for 
CANTAB™ continues to build and there are now over 2,500 publications of studies across over 100 therapeutic 
areas.  We were also pleased with the progress made developing and publishing on new short, high frequency 
cognitive assessments on mobile phones. 

We  took  a  major  step  forward  in  2021  with  considerable  scientific  communication  on  our  proprietary  speech 
technology, NeuroVocalixTM, a fully automated voice platform that is being specifically developed for clinical trials.  
Over  the  year,  we  completed  the  platform  product  development,  moving  it  from  an  R&D  environment  to  our 
regulatory  compliant  production  environment,  and  are  working  on  verbal  assessments  for  the  platform  and 
validation clinical trials.   

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

Our  strategic  focus  on  clinical  trials  saw  us  finalise  the  spin-out  of  a  digital  phenotyping  business,  Monument 
Therapeutics, retaining a minority shareholding and the potential for royalties in the future.   

Financial Results 
Revenue grew by 50% to £10.1m (2020: £6.7m).  Revenue is recognised over the term of the contracts and so 
the £10.1m revenue recognised in 2021 was from contracts won both in 2021 and in prior years. 

We anticipate the £17.0m contracted orderbook at the end of December 2021 will generate at least £7.5m of 
revenue to be recognised in 2022 with the balance to be recognised in subsequent years.  

Recognised revenue split by type was as follows: 

2021  

2020  

Increase  

Increase  

Software  

Services 

Total Software & Services 

Hardware 

£m 

3.6 

5.6 

9.2 

0.9 

Total Revenue 

10.1 

£m 

2.7 

3.7 

6.4 

0.3 

6.7 

£m 

0.9 

1.9 

2.8 

0.6 

3.4 

33% 

51% 

44% 

300% 

50% 

Services  revenue  grew  by  51%  as  more  implementation  and  bespoke  development  work  was  carried  out.  
Software revenue improved by 33% but, given the time lag between contract signature and software usage, we 
would expect this to grow further in 2022.  

Hardware sales have increased considerably as a percentage of revenue in 2021; the hardware, which is procured 
from third parties, is only supplied by Cambridge Cognition when specifically requested by a customer to support 
a project.  Hardware sales had been expected to decline as digital devices become ubiquitous, however, we now 
integrate wearable devices into our solution and so increased the supply of these in 2021. 

Gross profit was £8.1m (80.2% margin) compared with £5.4m (80.4% margin) in 2020.  The additional spending 
on hardware was offset by a reduction in third party costs.  

Administrative  expenses  increased  by  28%  to  £7.8m  (2020:  £6.1m)  primarily  as  a  result  of  an  increase  in 
headcount  post  the  COVID-19  recovery,  which  accounts  for  £1m  of  the  increase.    The  remainder  is  due  to 
increased legal, professional and third-party services costs.  

As planned, investment in research and development, which is necessary to maintain the company’s position at 
the forefront of the sector, was more targeted in 2021 and this resulted in R&D spend of £1.7m (2020: £1.5m).   

Profit before tax was £0.3m (2020: loss before tax £0.6m).  R&D tax credits were £0.2m (2020: £0.2m).  The 
post-tax profit for the year was £0.5m (2020: post tax loss £0.4m), which equates to earnings per share of 1.4 
pence (2020: 1.5 pence loss per share).   

Cash inflow from operating activities was £3.9m (2020: £1.0m), driven by the high value of sales orders.  Sales 
contracts for clinical trials typically include an amount of cash billable upon signing, and as such an invoice is 
raised (and cash subsequently collected) as contracts are executed and before revenue is recognised. 

After investing activities total cash inflow was £3.8m, and the year-end cash balance was £6.8m, which provides 
a solid platform for growth (31 December 2020: £3.0m). 

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

Operational Review  

Cambridge  Cognition  had  a  productive  year  in  2021,  progressing  major  contracts  and  achieving  a  number  of 
milestones,  while  carefully  managing  costs.    The  achievements  spanned  winning  sizeable  new  contracts, 
improving the Group’s brand position, continuing innovative developments, and spinning-out a drug development 
business. 

Record sales order intake. Our commercialisation activities resulted in record sales orders of £15.7m in 2021. 
There  were  three  main  contributors:  first,  with  excellent  customer  service  –  seen  in  survey  responses  –  we 
routinely  see  clients  contracting  multiple  times  over  many  years;  secondly,  we  have  been  targeting  new 
therapeutic  areas  with  the  potential  for  increasing  use  of  cognitive  assessments;  and  thirdly,  we  have  been 
continuing to lead with new solutions and so increased average order values for clinical trials by 30%.   

Large  contract  wins.  As  announced,  to  maintain  visibility  for  investors,  we  won  several  large  multi-year 
contracts: three announcements totalling £2.9m in contract value for schizophrenia trials, a £0.5m contract for 
at-home  testing,  £1.4m  for  digital  health  and  wearables,  a  £2.2m  contract  for  a  large  cohort  study,  a  £1m 
contract  for  a  late  phase  cancer  trial,  and  £0.5m  for  a  non-CNS  electronic  Cognitive  Outcomes  Assessment 
(“eCOA”) study.  

Leading  brand  position  in  the  scientific  community.  As  leaders  in  cognitive  assessment,  Cambridge 
Cognition continued to hold a prominent position in the scientific community over 2021. This included presenting 
cutting-edge  data  at  more  than  20  conferences  around  the  world  and  writing  our  own  and  supporting 
pharmaceutical  companies  to  author  papers  using  data  from  our  assessments.  We  collaborated  with  leading 
pharmaceutical  companies,  such  as  Novartis,  to  present  as  well.  We  also  secured  more  research  partnerships 
with prestigious consortia, such as the BrainHealth Registry.  

Proprietary  speech  technology  for  clinical  trials  productised  and  being  validated.  Verbal 
neuropsychological tests are highly sensitive to the early signs of neurodegeneration in older adults.  However, 
their dependence on in-person testing and manual scoring means they are costly and can be unsuitable for large-
scale screening and home-based monitoring. To address this, Cambridge Cognition developed a fully automated 
voice  platform,  NeuroVocalix™.    In  2021,  we  completed  its  productisation,  setting  the  Company  up  with  the 
potential to serve more customers with a proprietary platform capable of automating the delivery and scoring of 
key  cognitive  assessments  for  clinical  trials  within  the  security  requirements  of  this  highly  regulated  industry.  
We are working on a battery of tests and validation trials with two leading universities; these are essential to 
fully commercialise the solution. 

Completed  spin-out  of  digital  phenotyping  business.    Having  won  a  sizeable  grant  to  investigate  digital 
phenotyping, we incubated a new business, raised seed funding and spun it out. Monument Therapeutics is now 
operating  as  a  wholly  independent  business  with  a  license  from  Cambridge  Cognition.  The  initial  shareholding 
was  diluted  by  additional  fundraising  by  Monument  Therapeutics  to  extend  their  runway  before  a  Series  A 
investment  round.   Upon  successful  commercialisation  of  Monument  Therapeutics’  drug  development 
programmes, Cambridge Cognition will be paid royalties.   

Strategic Review 

Cambridge Cognition serves a niche, high value requirement for CNS outcomes assessments with differentiated 
software  and  services  offerings  with  intellectual  property  protection.  Our  strategy  is  to  focus  primarily  on  the 
clinical trials market as the assessments can be used to demonstrate the efficacy or safety of a potential new 
therapeutic agent and therefore provide extremely valuable information for a pharmaceutical or biotech company. 
We also serve the healthcare and academic markets, direct in some markets and via distributor in others.   

We have a strong position in our core market for cognitive outcomes assessments and have made good initial 
progress in the eCOA market.  Our recent market analysis, supported by market research and in-depth interviews 
with our target customers, has demonstrated that there continues to be a considerable potential for growth.   

We  expect  the  dynamic  market  for  clinical  trial  outcomes  assessments  to  continue  to  evolve  rapidly.    We  are 
seeing several favourable trends that could continue well into the future:  

1.  Market  growth  is  predicted  to  be  17%1  and  30%2  for  the  eCOA  market  and  the  cognitive  outcomes 

assessment market for clinical trials respectively. 

2.  There  has  been  a  pre-existing  gradual  trend  away  from  ‘pen-and-paper’  questionnaires  administered  by 
clinicians or raters in clinical trials towards objective digital measures, whether in clinic or at home. More 
recently, this has been overtaken by the requirement for digital measurements at home. 

3.  The COVID-19 pandemic reduced access to clinical trial sites and accelerated the adoption of virtual or hybrid 

5 

 
  
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

clinical trials, with a 50% increase compared to 20203.  Virtual assessments enable patients to participate in 
clinical trials from home and can be more cost-effective, inclusive and representative.  

4. 

Industry is increasingly investing in CNS drug development. In 2021, pharmaceutical companies sponsored 
the delivery of more than 850 CNS trials, up 10% on 20204. This investment is set to continue in 2022 and 
beyond with more than 1,800 neurological products in preclinical development5.  

5. 

Investment in new digital biomarkers for many conditions and symptoms, sometimes from an existing or 
new digital assessment or wearable device and sometimes combining data from multimodal sources.   

During the second half of 2021, having delivered much of the strategy set in 2019, we conducted a major review 
and have set out plans for the next phase of growth.  The areas of focus are:  

• 

Increasing market share and sales of cognitive assessments and eCOA solutions with proactive preparation 
of new assessments, increased sales and marketing capacity, and commercial distribution agreements for 
new territories and market sectors. 

•  Developing new intellectual property to serve the evolving demands of the industry for digital assessments 
and biomarkers. The potential for these is considerable with hundreds of clinical trials already using pen-
and-paper  cognitive  assessments  that  could  be  automated.  Our  primary  programme  is  our  voice-based 
cognitive assessment solution, NeuroVocalix™.  We are also completing a battery of quick assessments for 
use  on  mobile  phones.  We  are  developing  these  in-house  and  validating  them  with  leading  academic 
institutions and major pharmaceutical companies.  
Pursuing opportunities for inorganic growth through corporate development activities, such as partnership 
and licensing-in software and/or services. As is normal after an early stage of widespread investment in a 
new field, there have been some acquisitions in the sector and further consolidation is likely in the longer-
term. Against this backdrop, in 2022 and beyond we will review our inorganic growth options by evaluating 
complementary  products  and  services  that  could  increase  the  breadth  of  our  offering  and  gain  scale 
efficiencies. We have a leading position in our core business area, a strong platform and a robust balance 
sheet to support corporate business development. 

• 

Importantly, to achieve these strategic goals, we are carefully managing our investment and growth.  We have 
several underlying enabling activities: 

1.  Having an outstanding team.  We are supporting our existing team and recruiting people to implement the 
new contracts we are winning and also to complete the projects outlined above.  Recruitment has lagged 
delivery slightly in this difficult market for hiring though we are making progress. 

2.  Upgrading our systems and protecting against cyberattacks.  We are working on moving – we are live in one 
country  –  to  Amazon  Web  Services  (AWS)  to  have  more  flexible  server  capacity  and  access  to  more 
microservice usage. We continue to run a full cybersecurity programme. 

3.  Enabling efficient growth. For example, we set out and have now implemented a plan to open a software 
development unit in a lower cost overseas country.  This will over time reduce our costs while increasing 
output.     

We have started implementing this new strategy and the enabling activities in order to make further progress in 
2022. 

COVID-19 

Throughout  the  pandemic,  our  first  priority  has  been  the  safety  and  welfare  of  our  staff,  people  in  our  local 
environment,  suppliers  and  customers.    The  Group  has  cloud-based  systems  and  has  been  fully  operational 
throughout, working virtually at times.  

We have seen an acceleration of interest in virtual and hybrid clinical trials. Orders for at-home testing with our 
cognitive assessments have grown rapidly. We have leveraged a publication that showed that our most popular 
cognitive assessments provide the same results at home as they do in the clinic6.   

At the start of the pandemic, many clinical trials were delayed. This was less the case in 2021 compared to 2020.  
We do expect this to reduce over time. Uncertainty persists, however, and so we will continue to carefully monitor 
the situation and adjust plans as necessary.  

Russia & Ukraine  

The  war  in  Ukraine  is  a  concern  for  all  and  our  thoughts  are  with  those  affected.    We  have  no  employees  or 
service providers that are based in Ukraine or Russia.  However, although based elsewhere, a small number of 

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

the  Company’s  pharmaceutical  and  academic  clients  run  trials  at  sites  in  these  countries.    We  continue  to 
communicate with affected customers, monitor the situation, and do all we can to support them. 

We have a few direct customers in the region, all academic centres that use our  academic solution, and have 
halted any new contracts with Russian centres at this time.  This has had no effect on the Company’s current 
revenues. 

Board Changes 

Two appointments have been made to the Company’s senior management team post period end in April 2022.  
Stephen  Symonds  has  joined  as  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  is  expected  to  be  appointed  to  the  board  in  due 
course.  Nick Walters, previous CFO who has provided transition support since the departure of Michael Holton, 
is now handing over to Stephen.  The Board wish both Nick and Michael well in their future endeavours.  Francesca 
Cormack was appointed to be Chief Scientist to oversee our science leadership and research & development and 
Jenny  Barnet,  Chief  Science  Officer,  will  step  down  to  concentrate  on  leading  our  spin-out,  Monument 
Therapeutics.  

Outlook 

We made excellent progress in 2021, delivering strong growth in orders, revenues and cash generation, together 
with moving into profitability and earnings ahead of market expectations. Furthermore, with a strong contracted 
order book providing excellent visibility of revenue through 2022 and well-beyond, we expect the Group is well 
placed for further success. There does remain some uncertainty due to COVID-19 and the wider impact of the 
war in Eastern Europe, though these are considered limited at this time. 

We have set out three growth strategies to expand market share in current markets, automate more assessments 
as demand increases for virtual clinical trials and seeking corporate business development opportunities. Each of 
these represents exciting growth opportunities for Cambridge Cognition.  

With this clear growth strategy, together with a substantial pipeline of opportunities in an expanding market, we 
believe  Cambridge  Cognition  is  positioned  to  deliver  substantial,  sustainable  shareholder  value  in  2022  and 
beyond. 

Matthew Stork 
Chief Executive Officer 
13th May 2022 

References. 
1.  GrandView Research 2018 eCOA Report 2018-20225 
2.  Astute Analytica. 2021. US Cognitive Assessment Market. 2017-2027.   
3.  TrialTrove (accessed 15.02.22) 
4.  Source: TrialTrove (accessed 15.02.2022) 
5.  Source: PharmaProjects (accessed 15.02.2022)  
6.  https://www.jmir.org/2020/8/e16792 

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The Group is exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties in undertaking its day-to-day operations. The key 
business risks affecting the Group and how they are managed are set out below: 

Financial 

The  Group  has  a  history  of  operating  losses,  with  2021  being  the  Group’s  first  profitable  year  since  2016. 
Profitability depends on the success and market acceptance of current and new products and investment in sales 
infrastructure, without which the Group will make losses and consume cash. Until the profitable commercialisation 
of  new  products  and  markets  is  proved  sustainable  the  Group  will  carefully  monitor  costs  and  cash  flow  with 
reference to ensuring the Group is able to continue as a going concern. In particular, the rate of investment in 
new technologies will be limited to the extent of any surplus cash reserves of the Group and the positive cash 
flow derived from the core business and recently launched products.  

The  Directors  have  prepared  a  strategic  plan,  including  financial  forecasts  and  cash  flows,  for  the  period  to 
December 2023. The monitoring of cash and future projected cash flows, as well as the sales pipeline is included 
in monthly reporting to the Board. 

Product and market development 

Future success of the Group is principally focussed on growth of near-term revenues through existing products 
as well as the successful commercialisation of innovative new products and services. As well as driving commercial 
success,  the  ability  to  transition  current  products  to  new  markets  and  the  development  of  new  products  and 
services for both existing and new markets will determine how successful the Group will be in growing. As noted 
in the Strategic Report, we have seen continued success in this area over the last year and more. However, the 
rate of future growth will be determined by the take up of these products in the various markets we serve.  

Covid-19 

The Group adapted well to the challenges posed by Covid-19, and the increased interest in remote clinical trials 
is  likely  to  be  a  long-term  benefit  to  the  Group.  Operationally,  the  Group  adapted  quickly  and  well  to  remote 
working. The business remains fully operational, and we believe the business can withstand reasonable downside 
risk. However there remains some uncertainty as to when operations will return to near normal, and as such the 
situation is under constant review. 

Brexit and related changes 

The United Kingdom has left the European Union (‘EU’). The Group kept the situation during 2021 under review 
and there have not been any immediate, detrimental impacts either in 2021 or 2022 to date. Nonetheless, the 
Group remains watchful, and in particular to the following factors: Regulations, especially General Data Protection 
Regulations (‘GDPR’), imports and exports; currency changes; inputs on the broader economy; and employees 
who are EU nationals. 

Cybersecurity 

Cybersecurity has become an increasing risk for all businesses, though particularly those offering cloud-based IT 
services, and indeed a competitor, ERT, was down for a period in 2020 due to a cyber attack.  The business takes 
the  threat  seriously  using  several  specialist,  expert  consultants  to  assess  and  put  in  place  measures  as  best 
possible  to  prevent  ransomware,  social  engineering,  and  insider  threats.   Vulnerability  is  assessed  by  a  well 
known third party specialist company on an ongoing monthly basis with a deep assessment every six months. 

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

Technology and regulation 

The  success  of  the  Group  and  its  ability  to  compete  effectively  with  other  companies  partly  depends  upon  its 
ability to protect its intellectual property and exploit its technology. During the year significant development work 
has continued on the product range to ensure that the Group’s products remain competitive and at the forefront 
of the sector. The Group files patent applications as it strives to protect and enhance its intellectual property. 

Growth management 

The Group’s ability to manage its growth effectively requires it to continue to improve its operations, financial 
and management controls, reporting systems and procedures and to train, motivate and manage its employees. 
The Group’s future success depends on its ability to hire, train and retain key technical, scientific, regulatory, 
sales and marketing personnel. The Group seeks to recruit and retain high calibre staff through offering share 
ownership and rewards commensurate with their seniority and maintaining open communication with employees. 

Reliance on key customers 

The Group maintains close relationships with a number of customers but aims not to be overly dependent on any 
one  of  them.  During  2021,  two  customers  accounted  for  more  than  10%  of  the  revenue  of  the  business, 
amounting to just over 20% in total. Over recent years, the increased diversity of our product offering has led to 
an  increased  diversity  in  both  our  products  and  our  customer  base  that  has  continued  to  mitigate  this  risk. 
Nonetheless, there is a risk that the loss of a major customer would result in a revenue shortfall. 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 

The Directors have monitored the performance of the Group with particular reference to the key performance 
indicators being revenue and sales orders, operating margin and cash flow. An overview of the financial results 
for the year is provided on page 3.  

The Group monitors progress on a regular basis and will add to the key performance indicators as circumstances 
dictate. The directors value greatly the progress and innovation demonstrated by the Group. Unfortunately, this 
cannot  be  readily  measured  in  the  style  of  a  KPI.  The  directors  are  pleased  with  the  successes  in  developing 
products during 2021, and the plans for continued innovation.  

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2021  

SECTION 172(1) STATEMENT 

The directors consider, both individually and collectively that they have taken decisions in a manner they consider, 
in good faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Group for the benefit of its stakeholders, having 
regard to the matters set out in s172(1) of the Companies Act 2006: 

The likely consequences of any decision in the long-term: the long-term success of the Group is always a key 
factor when making strategic decisions. Strategic Plans are prepared every year focussing on a minimum three-
year period.  

The  interests  of  the  Group’s  employees:  the  Group’s  employees  are  our  key  asset  and  hence  we  take  their 
wellbeing and development very seriously. The Group believes it offers competitive remuneration packages and 
seeks to engage employees regularly. The Group has worked hard to maintain contact with employees even with 
many employees working from home, principally through fortnightly town hall meetings, but also ensuring that 
line managers are staying close to their teams. All employee surveys on relevant issues have been undertaken 
each quarter in 2021 and the Group has implemented appropriate action plans as a consequence. 

The  need  to  foster  the  Group’s  business  relationships  with  suppliers,  customers  and  other:  the  Group  has  a 
dynamic  relationship  with  our  customers  with  regular  contacts  across  organisations;  we  also  seek  to  have 
constructive and mutually beneficial relationships with our suppliers. Customers are regularly asked for specific 
feedback, a feedback survey is completed at the end of each study we support and the feedback received is used 
to help shape future engagements. Shareholders are also a key stakeholder and we seek to engage shareholders 
through both generic and specific outreach, covering both financial results and our innovation and future plans.   

The impact of the Group’s operations on the community and the environment. The Group’s aims to execute its 
operations  with  due  regard  to  the  environment.  Charities  are  supported  by  donations,  fundraising,  allowing 
employees two days leave for charitable activities and the donation of equipment. 

The  desirability  of  the  Group  maintaining  a  reputation  for  high  standards  of  business  conduct:  integrity  of 
individuals and corporate integrity are at the heart of all we do and embedded in our culture through formal (e.g. 
Standard Operating Procedures) and informal means. 

The need to act fairly as between members of the Group: no single set of stakeholders is prioritised over another 
– all decisions aim to be equitable across all stakeholders. 

Approved by the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board. 

Matthew Stork 
Chief Executive Officer 
13th May 2022  

10 

 
  
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Report of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2021  

The Directors present their report on the affairs of the Group and Company together with the financial statements 
for  the  year  ended  31  December  2021.  The  Group  financial  statements  are  prepared  under  international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

Cambridge  Cognition  Holdings  plc  (‘the  Company’)  and  its  subsidiaries  (together,  ‘the  Group’)  specialises  in 
improving brain health by developing and marketing near-patient cognitive testing techniques. The likely future 
developments of the business and the nature of research and development activities are discussed in the strategic 
report. 

GOING CONCERN AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The Directors have assessed the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, in particular in light of the ongoing 
Covid-19 pandemic situation. As noted in the Strategic Review, the business has remained fully operational to 
date and order intake in 2021 was excellent. 

Whilst having proper regard to the continuing uncertainties brought by the pandemic, the Directors believe that 
the Group will remain a going concern for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accounts have been prepared 
on the going concern basis. More details are given in note 3.2 to the financial statements. 

Further information on the Group’s financial risk management strategy can be found in note 26 to the accounts. 

SHARE ISSUES 

The issued share capital of the Company is set out at Note 20 to the accounts.  

DIRECTORS 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2021 and their interest in the share capital of the Company were: 

Ordinary Shares of 1p each 

Name 

13th May 2022 

31 December 2021  31 December 2020 

Steven Powell (Chairman) 

Matthew Stork 

Richard Bungay 

Debra Leeves 

216,375 

125,000 

216,375 

125,000 

216,375 

125,000 

                      - 

                         - 

                  - 

50,000 

50,000 

50,000 

Other  directors  who  served  in  the  year,  details  of  appointment  and  resignation  dates  are  given  in  the 
Remuneration Report. 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION AND SHARE OPTIONS 

Details  of  Directors’  remuneration  and  share  options  are  provided  within  the  Remuneration  Report  and  are  in 
addition to the interests in shares shown above. 

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors, the Remuneration 
Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.   

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law, the 
Directors have to prepare the Group financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting 
standards  (“IFRS”)  and  have  elected  to  prepare  the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice and applicable law including FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure 
Framework’. Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied 
that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and of the profit or loss of the Company and Group for 
that year. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

- 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

-  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

11 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Report of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2021  

- 

- 

state  whether  the  applicable  IFRSs,  or  for  the  Parent  Company,  UK  Generally  Accepted  Accounting 
Practice have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial 
statements 

prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the  Company's  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial  position  of  the 
Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They 
are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors confirm that: 

• 

• 

so  far  as  each  Director  is  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit  information  of  which  the  Company’s  auditor  is 
unaware and 

the Directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken as Directors to make themselves aware of 
any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on  the  Company's  website.  Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

DIRECTORS’ INDEMNITY ARRANGEMENTS 

During the year the Company purchased Directors' and Officers' liabilities insurance in respect of itself and its 
Directors.  

AUDITOR 

A resolution to re-appoint Grant Thornton UK LLP as the Company’s auditor will be proposed at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting. In accordance with normal practice, the Directors will be authorised to determine the 
Auditor’s remuneration. 

Approved by the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board 

Matthew Stork 
Director 
13th May 2022

12 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31 December 
2021 

Chairman’s Statement 

As Chairman of the Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc (“the Company”) Board, it is my responsibility to ensure 
that the Board is performing its role effectively and has the capacity, ability, structure and support to enable it 
to continue to do so. 

We believe that a sound and well understood governance structure is essential to maintain the integrity of the 
Group in all its actions, to enhance performance and to impact positively on our shareholders, staff, customers, 
suppliers and other stakeholders. 

In 2018, the Company adopted the QCA Corporate Governance Code (“the QCA Code”) as the benchmark for 
measuring our adherence to good governance principles. These principles provide us with a clear framework for 
assessing our performance as a board and as a company, and the report below shows how we apply the Code’s 
ten guiding principles in practice. 

The QCA Code requires that some disclosures are available on the Company website, whilst others are required 
in the Company’s Annual Report and Accounts and the Company has followed this recommendation. The 
corporate governance disclosure on our website can be found at 
http://www.cambridgecognition.com/investors/corporate-governance/ 

All members of the Board of the Company believe in the value and importance of good corporate governance. 
The Chairman is personally responsible for establishing and monitoring corporate governance. 

The Company is listed on the AIM Market of the London Stock Exchange (“AIM”). 

The Board considers that it does not depart from any of the principles of the QCA Code and the Board continues 
to monitor and develop its governance processes to maintain best practice. The Board recognises the 
importance of our wider stakeholders in delivering our strategy and business sustainability.  

Steven Powell 

Chairman 

Disclosure of those principles recommended for the Annual Report and Accounts under the QCA 
Code  

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for 
shareholders 

The Company has a rolling three-year detailed strategic plan that is updated and approved by the Board 
annually. This is supported by an annual operating plan, which is also subject to Board review. 

The Company’s Strategic Report, including an assessment of principal risks and uncertainties and key 
performance indicators can be found on pages three to ten of this Annual Report and Accounts. 

Principle 4: Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, 
throughout the organisation 

Risks are considered as part of the strategic planning process referred to above. The CEO is also ultimately 
responsible for the quality management of the Company and reports to the Board on key matters. The Board 
will periodically receive presentations on specific operational and financial risks. 

The principal risks and uncertainties of the Group are summarised on pages eight and nine of this Annual 
Report and Accounts. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31 December 
2021  

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the Chair 

The Board consists of two executive directors, the non-executive Chairman and two further independent 
directors. The non-executive Chairman holds some shares, especially from his time as the Group’s CEO. One 
non-executive director holds shares after the March 2020 placing. These holdings are not considered material. 

All Directors are expected to devote sufficient time to their duties as may be necessary. Typically, this would be 
around two days per month for the non-executive directors. 

The Board is provided with monthly business and finance reports from the CEO and CFO respectively. Further 
information will be given to the Board for discussion at meetings as relevant. 

The Board is supported by three sub-committees: the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the 
Nomination Committee. All non-executive directors sit on all sub-committees. Board and Committee attendance 
for 2021 is as follows: 

Board 

Audit 

Nomination 

Remuneration 

No. of Meetings 
S. Powell 
M. Stork 
R. Bungay 
D. Leeves 
M.Holton 
N. Walters 

10 
10 
10 
9 
9 
4 
3 

1 
1 
- 
1 
1 
- 
- 

2 
2 
- 
2 
2 
- 
- 

3 
3 
- 
3 
3 
- 
- 

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, 
skills and capabilities 

Profiles of each of the Directors are given below. 

Principle 7: Evaluate board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous 
improvement 

Since the Company’s listing in 2013, board evaluation has been an informal process led by the Chairman and 
principally consisting of one-on-one meetings to gather, compare and consider the views of each of the 
directors. This approach has, to date, been deemed appropriate given the small size of the Company. 

On adoption of the QCA code, the Board intended to conduct formal internal performance reviews every year 
supplemented by an external evaluation review as required. The Covid-19 pandemic and remote working 
meant this was not undertaken in 2021.  

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

The Board ensures that the Company culture is based on ethical values through the following means: 

The employee handbook clearly setting out values and employment codes 

All new employees benefit from an induction programme which emphasises our ethical values and behaviours 

These behaviours are re-iterated through the various employee communication and reward channels  

Particular training on topics relating to ethical behaviour, ranging from compliance in clinical trials to share 
dealing rules are given at regular intervals and attendance monitored 

Standard Operating Procedures (“SOPs”) that outline the Company’s processes and the values that underpin 
them are required to be read by employees and documentation of compliance maintained 

Receiving monthly reports from human resources and other departments to ensure that any instances of 
behaviours not being recognised or respected are considered and resolved appropriately 

14 

 
 
  
  
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31 December 
2021  

Principle 10: Communicate how the Company is governed and is performing by maintaining a 
dialogue with shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 

Descriptions of the work of the Board and its Committees is provided below. The Remuneration Report is on 
pages 17 and 18. 

Further information on the Company’s corporate governance framework, including on those principle of the 
QCA code not listed here can be found at http://www.cambridgecognition.com/investors/corporate-
governance/ 

Director profiles 

Dr Steven Powell Chairman 

Dr Powell graduated in microbiology from the University of Wales and was awarded a PhD from the University 
of Aberdeen. He has over thirty years operational and investment experience in pharmaceutical and healthcare 
companies in the UK, USA and Scandinavia. Including his current role at Cambridge Cognition he has held five 
CEO roles, three in public companies. In 2003, he joined Gilde Healthcare, a pan-European life sciences 
investment fund as a partner and remained an adviser to the fund until 2016. 

Dr Matthew Stork Chief Executive Officer 

Dr Stork has over twenty-five years’ experience of managing companies in the med tech sector and expertise 
in AI, IT, diagnostics, medical equipment, and pharmaceuticals. Before becoming CEO of Cambridge Cognition 
in 2019, he held managing director and divisional leadership roles within GE Healthcare Digital, InHealth Group, 
ArjoHuntleigh, Canon Medical Systems (formerly Toshiba) and Smith & Nephew.  He has a degree in pharmacy 
from the University of Bath, a PhD in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine from King’s College London, and an MBA 
from London Business School.  

Richard Bungay Non-Executive Director 

Mr. Bungay has over 25 years' experience in corporate roles with R&D-based companies within the 
biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector, including as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of both public and private 
companies, with a particular focus on financing, investor relations and business development. A chartered 
accountant, Mr Bungay is currently CEO/CFO of Diurnal Group plc, the AIM quoted specialty pharmaceutical 
company targeting patient needs in chronic endocrine diseases. Prior to that, Mr Bungay held CFO and Chief 
Operating Officer roles at Mereo BioPharma Group plc as well as being CFO of Glide Technologies and Verona 
Pharma plc.  

Debra Leeves Non-Executive Director 

Ms Leeves is currently CEO of Vertual, the leading provider of virtual and augmented reality training simulation 
systems in radiotherapy. She has over 25 years of experience in the medical technology and biotechnology 
industries, and has previously been COO of Beckley Canopy Therapeutics, CEO of Physeon and also held senior 
roles with companies such as Rex Bionics, Avita Medical, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, GE Healthcare and Pfizer. 

Board sub-committees 

The Board is supported by three sub-committees, the Audit Committee, Nomination Committee and 
Remuneration Committee.  

The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include making recommendations to the Board on the appointment of 
the Company’s auditors, approving the auditor’s fees, safeguarding the objectivity and independence of the 
auditors, reviewing the findings of the audit and monitoring and reviewing effectiveness of the Company’s 
systems of risk management and internal control. The Audit Committee is also responsible for monitoring the 
integrity of the financial statements of the Company, including its annual and half yearly reports and interim 
management statements. 

The main issues considered by the Committee during the year in relation to the financial statements included 
the appropriateness of revenue recognition policies, recognition and fair value of investments, adequacy of 

15 

 
 
  
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31 December 
2021  

systems of internal control and going concern. The Committee notes the auditors’ inclusion of revenue 
recognition and going concern as key audit matters.   

No significant fees were paid in the year to the auditors for services other than audit and tax compliance and 
related work. The independence and objectivity of the auditors is important to the Company and the Committee 
keeps track of fees paid to the auditors for any change in this position.  Periodically the Audit Committee 
chairman speaks directly with the audit partner to set out the needs of the committee and to receive any 
feedback without the presence of any executive directors.  

The Committee also reviews the Group’s risk management and continues to believe that the Group’s risk 
management strategy properly addresses the main risk areas.     

The Nomination Committee’s responsibilities include reviewing the structure, size and composition of the 
Board, making recommendations to the Board concerning membership of Board committees and identifying and 
nominating candidates for the Board for Board approval. Every director appointed by the Board is subject to re-
election by the shareholders at the AGM following their appointment and every third AGM thereafter. 

The Remuneration Committee’s responsibilities include determining the remuneration of the executive 
directors, reviewing the design of all share incentive plans and determining each year whether awards will be 
made, and if so, the overall amount of such awards, the individual awards to executive directors and the 
performance targets to be used. Annual performance evaluation is based on targets set at the outset of each 
year and bonuses paid, as appropriate, in line with the agreed incentive plan. 

16 

 
 
  
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Remuneration Committee 

The Company has established a Remuneration Committee. The members of the Remuneration Committee are: 

Steven Powell (Chair) 
Richard Bungay 
Debra Leeves 

The Committee makes recommendations to the Board. No director plays a part in any discussion about his own 
remuneration. 

The Company is not required to publish a Directors’ Remuneration Report, but the below information is given in 
the interests of transparency and good governance. 

Components of Executive Directors’ remuneration 

Executive  remuneration  packages  are  prudently  designed  to  attract,  motivate  and  retain  directors  of  the  high 
calibre needed to enhance the Group’s market position and to reward them for increasing value to shareholders. 
The  performance  measurement  of  the  executive  directors  and  key  members  of  senior  management  and  the 
determination of their annual remuneration package are undertaken by the Committee. 

There are five main elements of the remuneration package for the executive directors and senior management: 
• Basic annual salary; 
• Benefits-in-kind; 
• Annual bonus payments; 
• Share option incentives; and  
• Pension arrangements. 

Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration 

The  remuneration  of  Non-Executive  Directors  is  determined  by  the  Board  and  reflects  their  anticipated  time 
commitment to fulfill their duties. The Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration is subject to the same principles of 
the Group Remuneration policy. The letters of appointment of Non-Executive Directors can be terminated with 
one month’s notice given by either party. 

Directors’ remuneration (audited) 
The remuneration of the Directors was as follows: 

Current Directors: 
Executive Directors: 
   Matthew Stork (1) 
   Nicholas Walters (6) 
   Michael Holton (7) 
Non-Executive Directors: 
   Steven Powell (2) 
   Richard Bungay (3) 
   Eric Dodd (4) 
   Debra Leeves (5) 

Total 

Salary
/Fee 
£’000 

Benefits 

Bonus 

Pension 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

2021 
Total 
£’000 

2020 
Total 
£’000 

248 
12 
205 

45 
30 
- 
30 
570 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

204 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
204 

15 
- 
11 

- 
- 
- 
- 
26 

467 
12 
216 

45 
30 
- 
30 
800 

388 
70 
- 

45 
9 
18 
30 
560 

1.  Appointed to the Board 23 May 2019 
2.  Executive Director until 23 May 2019, Non-Executive Director thereafter 
3.  Appointed to the Board on 14 September 2020 
4.  Resigned from the Board on 28 July 2020 
5.  Appointed to the Board on 1 July 2019 
6.  Resigned from the Board on 27 May 2021 
7.  Appointed to the Board on 27 May 2021 and Resigned from the Board on 1 November 2021 

Payments were also made to third parties for the services of Steven Powell and Nicholas Walters, not included 
in the table above. See note 27 to the consolidated financial statements. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Share Options: 

Granted 

Steven Powell 

July 2015 

Matthew Stork  

Matthew Stork 

Matthew Stork 

Matthew Stork 

Matthew Stork 

Nicholas Walters 

October 
2019 
June 2020 

November 
2020 
April 2021 

November 
2021 
June 2020 

Performance Criteria 

Number of 
Options 
62,500 

Performance 
criteria 
Vested (1) 

Exercise price 
in pence 
82.5 pence 

Exercise period 

To July 2025 

392,858 

196,429 

103,774 

90,000 

40,000 

60,000 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(3) 

28 pence 

28 pence 

53 pence 

125 pence 

140 pence 

28 pence 

October 2022 to 
September 2023 
June 2023 to May 
2024 
November 2023 to 
October 2024 
April 2024 to March 
2031 
November 2024 to 
October 2031 
June 2023 to May 
2024 

1.  Options vest once the average of the closing price of shares in the Company over two consecutive dealing 
days, as derived from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List, has equalled or exceeded 120 pence. 
This condition was fulfilled on 4 May 2017. 

2.  50% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any three 

month period before 30 September 2022 exceeds 100 pence and on the last day of that period exceeds 90 
pence.  50% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any 
three month period before 30 September 2022 exceeds 150 pence and on the last day of that period 
exceeds 135 pence.  

3.  50% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any three 
month period before 31 May 2023 exceeds 77.5 pence and on the last day of that period exceeds 70 
pence.  50% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any 
three month period before 30 September 2022 exceeds 115 pence and on the last day of that period 
exceeds 105 pence.  

4.  50% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any three 

month period before 31 May 2023 exceeds 90 pence and on the last day of that period exceeds 80 pence.  
50% of these options will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any three 
month period before 30 September 2022 exceeds 130 pence and on the last day of that period exceeds 
115 pence.  

5.  50% of the Options granted will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any 
three month period exceeds 142 pence, with the price on the last day of that period being at least 120 
pence, and the last day of this period being no later than 30 April 2024. 50% of the Options granted will 
vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any three month period exceeds 170 
pence, with the price on the last day of that period being at least 145 pence, and the last day of this period 
being no later than 30 April 2024. 

6.  50% of the Options granted will vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any 
three month period exceeds 170 pence, with the price on the last day of that period being at least 145 
pence, and the last day of this period being no later than 30 April 2024. 50% of the Options granted will 
vest if the average closing mid-market price of an Ordinary Share for any three month period exceeds 170 
pence, with the price on the last day of that period being at least 145 pence, and the last day of this period 
being no later than 30 April 2024. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge Cognition Holdings Plc 

Opinion 

Our opinion on the financial statements is unmodified 

We have audited the financial statements of Cambridge Cognition Holdings Plc (the ‘parent 

company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2021, which comprise 

the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of financial 

position, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows, 

the parent company statement of financial position, the parent company statement of changes in 

equity and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial 

statements is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards. The financial 

reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the parent company financial 

statements is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial 

Reporting Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted 

Accounting Practice). 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent 

company’s affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of the Group’s profit for the year then ended; 

the  Group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted 

international accounting standards; 

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United 

Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and  

the  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 

Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 

law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the ‘Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 

of the financial statements’ section of our report. We are independent of the group and the parent company in 

accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 

including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 

responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 

sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 

We  are  responsible  for  concluding  on  the  appropriateness  of  the  directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of 

accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events 

or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a 

going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our report 

to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify the auditor’s 

opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our report. However, future 

events or conditions may cause the group or the parent company to cease to continue as a going concern. 

A description of our evaluation of management’s assessment of the ability to continue to adopt the going concern 

basis of accounting, and the key observations arising with respect to that evaluation is included in the Key Audit 

Matters section of our report. 

19 

 
 
  
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or 

conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the parent company’s 

ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements 

are authorised for issue. 

In  auditing  the  financial  statements,  we  have  concluded  that  the  directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of 

accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.  

The responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the ‘Responsibilities of directors 

for the financial statements’ section of this report. 

Our approach to the audit 

Overview of our audit approach 

Overall materiality:  

Group:  £278,000,  which  represents  2.75%  of  the  group’s 

Revenue. 

Parent company: £195,000, which represents 2% of the parent 

company’s total assets. 

Key audit matters were identified as: 

Materiality

Key audit 
matters

• 

• 

going concern (same as last year) 

revenue recognition (same as last year) 

We  performed  an  audit  of  the  financial  information  of  the 

component  using  component  materiality  (full-scope  audit 

Scoping

procedures) on the financial information of Cambridge Cognition 

Holdings Plc and of Cambridge Cognition Limited.  

We  performed  an  audit  of  one  or  more  classes  of  transactions, 

account  balances  or  disclosures  relating  to  significant  risks  of 

material  misstatement  of  the  Group 

financial  statements 

(specific-scope audit procedures) on Cambridge Cognition LLC.  

Analytical procedures at Group level (analytical procedures) were 

performed  on  CANTAB  Corporate  Health  Limited,  Cambridge 

Cognition Trustees Limited and Cognition Kit Limited.  

There were no changes in scope from prior year.  

In total, our audit procedures covered 100% of the Group’s net 

assets, 100% of the Group’s revenue and 100% of the Group’s 

profit before tax. 

20 

 
 
  
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Key audit matters 

Key  audit  matters  are  those  matters  that,  in  our  professional 

judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 

statements of the current period and include the most significant 

assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 

Description

Audit 
reponse

fraud) that we identified. These matters included those that had 

the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation 

of  resources  in  the  audit;  and  directing  the  efforts  of  the 

engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context 

of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 

our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion 

on these matters. 

KAM

Disclosures Our results

In the graph below, we have presented the key audit matters, significant risks and other risks relevant to the 

audit. 

High 

Potential 
financial 
statement 
impact 

Revenue 
recognition 

Accounting for  investment in 
Monument Therapeutics Ltd 

Deferred 
Revenue 

Management 
override of controls 

Going concern 

Trade 
receivables 

Share based 
payments 

Carrying amount of 
intercompany loans 

Carrying value 
of goodwill 

Low 

Low 

Extent of management judgement 

High 

Key audit matter 

Significant risk  

Other risk 

Key Audit Matter – Group 

How our scope addressed the matter – Group 

Going Concern 

assessed 

We  identified  going  concern  as  one  of  the  most 
significant 
of  material 
misstatement  due  to  fraud  and  error  as  a  result 
of  the  judgement  required  to  conclude  whether 
there  is  a  material  uncertainty  related  to  going 
concern.  

risks 

In our evaluation of the directors’ conclusions, we 

considered the inherent risks associated with the 

21 

In  responding  to  the  key  audit  matter,  we 
performed the following audit procedures: 

•  Obtained  management’s  assessment  of 

going 

concern 

and 

supporting 

information,  including  future  budgets 

and  cashflow  forecasts.  We  assessed 

how  the  budgets  and  forecasts  were 

compiled, 

including  assessing 

their 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Key Audit Matter – Group 

How our scope addressed the matter – Group 

group’s and the parent company’s business model 

accuracy 

by 

validating 

the 

including  effects  arising  from  macro-economic 

reasonableness 

of 

underlying 

uncertainties  such  as  Brexit  and  Covid-19,  we 

assumptions; 

assessed  and  challenged  the  reasonableness  of 

• 

Critically evaluated the revenue and cost 

estimates made by the directors and the related 

projections  underlying  the  model  with 

disclosures  and  analysed  how  those  risks  might 

reference  to  market  information,  past 

affect  the  group’s  and  the  parent  company’s 

performance of the Group as well as any 

financial 

resources  or  ability 

to  continue 

known post balance sheet events;  

operations over the going concern period.   

•  Obtained  management’s 

sensitivity 

The  directors  have  considered  the  impacts  of 
macro-economic events such as Brexit and Covid-
19 and have sensitised their forecast accordingly. 

The  global  economic  uncertainty  increases  the 
extent  of  judgement  and  estimation  uncertainty 
associated  with  management’s  assessment  and 
the  determination  of  the  Group’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern. 

analysis  and 

reverse 

stress 

test 

forecasts and obtained an understanding 

of  management’s  plans  and  options  for 

mitigating actions; and 

• 

Assessed  the  adequacy  of  the  going 

concern  disclosures  included  within  the 

financial statements.  

Relevant disclosures in the Annual Report and 
Accounts 2021 

Our results 

•  Financial statements: Note 3.2, Going 

Concern 

The financial statements explain in note 3.2 that 

the Directors have formed a judgement that it is 

appropriate  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  of 

preparation  for  the  Group  and  parent  company 

financial statements.   

The Strategic Report sets out the future outlook 
and  provides  an  analysis  of  the  performance  of 
the Group in the financial year and of its position 
at the end of the year. 

The  Report  of  the  directors  also  explains  the 
directors assessment of going concern. 

Revenue Recognition 

We  identified  revenue  recognition  as  one  of  the 
most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement  due  to  fraud  and  error  as  a  result 
judgements  made  by 
of 
the 
the 
management 
separate 
in 
performance  obligations  and 
selecting  an 
appropriate method for measuring progress. 

identifying 

significant 

Under  International  Standard  on  Auditing  (UK) 
240  ‘The  Auditor’s  Responsibilities  Relating  to 
Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements’, there 
is a rebuttable presumed risk that there are risks 
of fraud in revenue recognition.  

The  nature  of  the  Group’s  revenue  includes 
providing multiple products or services as part of 
a  single  arrangement.  These  products  and 
services  may  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
licences of IP, sale of hardware, study set up, data 

Based on the work we have performed, we have 
not  identified  any  material  uncertainties  relating 
to  events  or  conditions  that,  individually  or 
collectively,  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the 
Group’s  and  the  parent  company’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern for a period of at least 
twelve  months 
financial 
statements are authorised for issue.  

from  when 

the 

In  responding  to  the  key  audit  matter,  we 
performed the following audit procedures: 

•  Obtained  management’s  assessment  of 

income  recognition  in  accordance  with 

IFRS  15  ‘Revenue  from  Contracts  with 

Customers’  and  evaluated  the  revenue 

recognition  policies  for  consistency  and 

compliance with IFRS15.  

• 

For a sample of contracts, we: 

- 

ensured 

that 

the 

performance 

obligations  have  been  appropriately 

identified  in  accordance  with  the 

Group’s accounting policy; 

- 

verified  that  revenue  recognised  in 

the year relates to amounts allocated 

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Key Audit Matter – Group 

How our scope addressed the matter – Group 

management 
study  management 
services,  support  services,  training,  and  other 
maintenance services.  

services, 

A number of the products or services may be sold 
together  as  a  bundled  contract.    Determining 
whether the products or services are distinct from 
the other goods and services in an arrangement 
is key to the appropriate recognition of revenue. 

Management apply significant judgement to: 

- 

identify 

the 

separate 

performance 

obligations in an arrangement based on the 

terms  of  the  contract  and  the  Group’s 

customary business practices; 

- 

determine  whether 

the 

performance 

obligation is satisfied over time or at a point 

in time; and 

- 

select an appropriate method for measuring 

progress of that performance obligation if it 

is satisfied over time. 

to  performance  obligations  that  were 

satisfied in the year; 

- 

inspected  evidence  of  delivery  of 

products  or  rendering  of  services, 

such  as  delivery  of  licence  keys, 

number of assessments completed in 

the  period,  and  notifications  that  the 

assessments have been completed; 

- 

evaluated  the  significant  judgements 

made  by  management  in  identifying 

the separate performance obligations 

and  selecting  an  appropriate  method 

for measuring progress; 

- 

inspected  evidence 

that 

invoices 

raised relate to milestones met in the 

period 

in  accordance  with 

the 

payment  schedule  agreed  with  the 

customer; and 

- 

recalculated  the  revenue  recognised 

for performance obligations delivered 

over time and checked the accuracy of 

deferred 

revenue 

and 

accrued 

income; 

•  Obtained  an  understanding  of 

the 

performance  and  progress  of  material 

contracts  through  discussions  with  the 

internal  study  managers  to  corroborate 

that  revenue  has  been  recognised  as 

performance  obligations  have  been 

satisfied; and  

• 

Recalculated 

the  deferred 

income 

element of a sample of revenue contracts 

to test the completeness of the deferred 
income creditor at year end.    

Relevant disclosures in the Annual Report and 
Accounts 2021 

Our results 

•  Financial statements: Note 3.3, Revenue 

Recognition 

The  Group’s  accounting  policy  on  revenue 

recognition is set out in note 3.3 to the financial 

statements  and  related  disclosures  are  included 

in note 5.  

Based on our audit work, we did not identify any 
material misstatement in the revenue recognised 
in the year to 31 December 2021.  

We consider the Group’s disclosures to be in 
accordance with IFRS15. 

Our application of materiality 

We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing the audit, and in evaluating the effect of 

identified misstatements on the audit and of uncorrected misstatements, if any, on the financial statements and 

in forming the opinion in the auditor’s report. 

Materiality was determined as follows: 

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Materiality measure 

Group 

Parent company 

Materiality for 
financial statements 
as a whole 

We  define  materiality  as  the  magnitude  of  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements  that,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  could  reasonably  be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of these financial 
statements. We use materiality in determining the nature, timing and extent 
of our audit work. 

Materiality threshold 

£278,000, which is approximately 
2.75% of the Group’s revenue.  

£195,000, which is approximately 
2% of the parent company’s total 
assets 

Significant 
judgements made by 
auditor in determining 
the materiality 

Significant revision of 
materiality threshold 
that was made as the 
audit progressed 

In determining materiality, we made 
the following significant judgements: 

In determining materiality, we made 
the following significant judgements: 

-  We selected revenue as the 

-  We selected total assets as 

benchmark as it is less 

benchmark as the parent 

volatile and reflective of the 

company is not a trading 

activity levels and scale of 

entity, therefore total 

the Group’s business. 

Revenue is also a key 

assets are of most 

relevance to users of the 

performance measure for 

financial statements. 

the Group and is therefore 

of most interest to 

stakeholders. 

-  We determined 2% as an 

appropriate benchmark 

percentage due to the size 

-  We determined 2.75% as 

of the parent company’s 

an appropriate benchmark 

total assets. 

percentage as the Group 

has no debt and the 

business is relatively stable 

and not complex. 

Materiality for the current year is 
higher than the level that we 
determined for the year ended 31 
December 2020 to reflect the 
increase in the Group’s revenue for 
the year. 

Our preliminary assessment of 
materiality at the planning stage of 
our work was based on the Period 9 
(30 September 2021) management 
information. We re-assessed  
materiality during our advanced 
audit procedures based on Period 11 
(30 November 2021) management 
information.  

We then finally re-assessed 
materiality based on the Group’s 
revenue for the year ended 31 
December 2021 once these figures 
were provided for audit and 
adjusted our audit procedures 
accordingly. 

Materiality for the current year is 
higher than the level that we 
determined for the year ended 31 
December 2020 to reflect the 
change in the measurement 
percentage from 1% of total assets 
last year to 2% this year. 

Our preliminary assessment of 
materiality at the planning stage of 
our work was based on the Period 9 
(30 September 2021) management 
information. We re-assessed  
materiality during our advanced 
audit procedures based on Period 11 
(30 November 2021) management 
information.  

We then finally re-assessed 
materiality based on the parent 
company’s total assets as at 31 
December 2021 once these figures 
were provided for audit and 
adjusted our audit procedures 
accordingly 

Performance 
materiality used to 

We set performance materiality at an amount less than materiality for the 
financial statements as a whole to reduce to an appropriately low level the 

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Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Materiality measure 

Group 

Parent company 

drive the extent of 
our testing 

probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole. 

Performance 
materiality threshold 

£180,000, which is 65% of financial 
statement materiality. 

£127,000, which is 65% of financial 
statement materiality. 

Significant 
judgements made by 
auditor in determining 
the performance 
materiality 

Significant revision of 
performance 
materiality threshold 
that was made as the 
audit progressed 

In determining performance 
materiality, we made the following 
significant judgements: 

In determining performance 
materiality, we made the following 
significant judgements: 

- 

the strength of the control 

- 

the strength of the control 

environment and our 

environment and our experience 

experience auditing the 

auditing the financial 

financial statements of the 

statements of the Group, 

Group, including the effect 

including the effect of 

of misstatements identified 

misstatements identified in 

in previous audits.  

previous audits.  

- 

our risk assessment – there 

- 

our risk assessment – there 

have been significant changes 

have been significant changes 

to the finance team during the 

to the finance team during the 

year, which could increase the 

year, which could increase the 

risk of material fraud or error 

risk of material fraud or error 

During the performance of our 
work significant changes to the 
finance team personnel 
occurred, including a change to 
the CFO.  We re-assessed the 
performance materiality 
threshold percentage in light of 
the potential audit risks 
assessed at this time and 
adjusted our audit procedures 
accordingly.  

During the performance of our 
work significant changes to the 
finance team personnel 
occurred, including a change to 
the CFO.  We re-assessed the 
performance materiality 
threshold percentage in light of 
the potential audit risks 
assessed at this time and 
adjusted our audit procedures 
accordingly.  

Specific materiality 

We determine specific materiality for one or more particular classes of 
transactions, account balances or disclosures for which misstatements of 
lesser amounts than materiality for the financial statements as a whole 
could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users 
taken on the basis of the financial statements. 

Specific materiality  

We determined a lower level of 
specific materiality for the following 
areas: 

We determined a lower level of 
specific materiality for the following 
areas: 

- 

- 

- 

Directors’ remuneration  

Related party transactions 

Audit fees 

- 

- 

- 

Directors’ remuneration  

Related party transactions 

Audit fees 

Communication of 
misstatements to the 
audit committee 

We determine a threshold for reporting unadjusted differences to the audit 
committee. 

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Materiality measure 

Group 

Parent company 

Threshold for 
communication 

£13,900 and misstatements below 
that threshold that, in our view, 
warrant reporting on qualitative 
grounds. 

£9,800 and misstatements below 
that threshold that, in our view, 
warrant reporting on qualitative 
grounds. 

The graph below illustrates how performance materiality interacts with our overall materiality and the tolerance 

for potential uncorrected misstatements. 

Overall materiality – Group 

Overall materiality – Parent company 

Group revenue
£10,094,000

PM 
£180,000  
65%

FSM
£278,000
2.75 %

Total assets
£9,776,000

PM 
£127,000,  
65%

FSM
£195,000
2%

TFPUM 
£98,000 35%

TFPUM 
£68,000 35%

FSM: Financial statements materiality, PM: Performance materiality, TFPUM: Tolerance for potential 

uncorrected misstatements 

An overview of the scope of our audit  

We performed a risk-based audit that requires an understanding of the Group’s and the parent company’s 

business and in particular matters related to: 

Understanding the group, its components, and their environments, including Group-wide controls 

We obtained an understanding of the Group and its environment, including Group-wide controls as follows: 

• 

The  Group’s  accounting  process  is  structured  around  the  centralised  Group  finance  function  based  at  the 

Group’s head office in Cambridge, UK, which provides accounting and administrative support for the Group’s 

operations; and 

• 

The  Group  has  two  trading  subsidiaries,  Cambridge  Cognition  Limited  (registered  in  UK)  and  Cambridge 

Cognition LLC (registered in USA), and a non-trading parent company based in UK. Other entities within the 

Group are not involved in the core operations of the Group. 

Identifying significant components 

•  We identified and evaluated the components to assess their significance and to determine the planned audit 

response based on a measure of materiality. We determined significance as a percentage of the total assets 

and revenue. 

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Type of work to be performed on financial information of parent and other components (including how it 

addressed the key audit matters) 

Based on our assessment of the Group as above, we focused our Group audit scope primarily on the two trading 

subsidiaries, which were the significant components, and the parent company. 

• 

• 

Audit  of  the  financial  information  of  the  component  using  component  materiality  (full-scope  audit)  was 

performed on the financial information of the parent company and Cambridge Cognition Limited; and  

Audit of one or more account balances, classes of transactions or disclosures of the component (specific-

scope audit) was performed on the financial information of Cambridge Cognition LLC, where the extent of 

our testing was based on our assessment of the risks of material misstatement and of the size of the Group’s 

operations at that location.  

• 

At  the  Group  level  we  also  tested  the  consolidation  process  and  carried  out  analytical  procedures  for  the 

remaining three components (CANTAB Corporate Health Limited, Cambridge Cognition Trustees Limited and 

Cognition Kit Limited) to confirm our conclusion that there were no significant risks of material misstatement 

of the aggregated financial information of those remaining components. 

•  We identified the going concern assumption and revenue recognition as key audit matters and the procedures 

performed in respect of these have been included in the key audit matters section of our report. 

Performance of our audit 

• 

As documented above, the Group has a centralised function based at the Group’s head office in Cambridge, 

UK. All procedures were performed by the Group audit engagement team, there are no component 

auditors; and 

• 

The audit was performed wholly remotely given the Covid-19 restrictions and the Group’s preference.    

Changes in approach from previous period 

• 

There has been no change in our assessment of scoping the Group audit from prior year.  

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included 

in  the  annual  report  and  accounts,  other  than  the  financial  statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  Our 

opinion  on  the  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the  extent  otherwise 

explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, 

in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, or 

our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 

inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material 

misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the 

work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are 

required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Our opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 is unmodified 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for 

which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable 

legal requirements. 

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

Matter on which we are required to report under the Companies Act 2006 

In  the  light  of  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  the  group  and  the  parent  company  and  its  environment 

obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the 

directors’ report.  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires 

us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit 

have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.  

Responsibilities of directors for the financial statements 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 

preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such 

internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are 

free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  the  parent 

company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 

using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent 

company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 

from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 

opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 

accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 

from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be 

expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 

Reporting  Council’s  website  at:  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This  description  forms  part  of  our 

auditor’s report. 

Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures 

in  line  with  our  responsibilities,  outlined  above,  to  detect  material  misstatements  in  respect  of  irregularities, 

including  fraud.  Owing  to  the  inherent  limitations  of  an  audit,  there  is  an  unavoidable  risk  that  material 

misstatements in the financial statements may not be detected, even though the audit is properly planned and 

performed in accordance with ISAs (UK).  

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below:  

•  We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks applicable to the parent company and 

the Group and the industry in which they operate. We determined that the following laws and regulations 

were most significant: UK-adopted international accounting standards, Companies Act 2006, AIM Rules for 

Companies, QCA Corporate Governance Code and the relevant tax compliance regulations in the jurisdictions 

in which the Group operates. In addition, we concluded that there are certain significant laws and regulations 

that may have an effect on the determination of the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, 

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

including  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  employment  matters,  data  security  and  protection,  and  clinical 

trials regulations. 

•  We obtained an understanding of how the parent company and the Group is complying with those legal and 

regulatory  frameworks  by  making  inquiries  of  management,  those  responsible  for  legal  and  compliance 

procedures and the company secretary. We corroborated our inquiries through our review of board minutes 

and minutes of Audit Committee meetings; 

•  We enquired of management and the Audit Committee, whether they were aware of any instances of non-

compliance with laws and regulations or whether they had any knowledge of actual, suspected or alleged 

fraud.  We corroborated this through our review of professional fees incurred during the year;  

• 

These audit procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements were 

free from fraud or error. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the 

risk of not detecting one resulting from error and detecting irregularities that result from fraud is inherently 

more  difficult  than  detecting  those  that  result  from  error,  as  fraud  may  involve  collusion,  deliberate 

concealment, forgery or intentional misrepresentations. Also, the further removed non-compliance with laws 

and regulations is from events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would 

become aware of it;  

•  We  assessed  the  susceptibility  of  the  parent  company’s  and  the  Group’s  financial  statements  to  material 

misstatement, including how fraud might occur. Audit procedures performed by the Group engagement team 

included:  

§ 

identifying and assessing the design effectiveness of controls management has in place to prevent 

and detect fraud; 

§ 

challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in making its significant accounting 

estimates;  

§ 

obtaining management’s calculation for the share based payment, including the underlying fair value 

of the options granted and challenging assumptions made. The fair values were agreed to Valuations 

Reports provided by Throgmorton and assumptions used verified for reasonableness; 

§ 

obtaining managements calculation and understanding of the basis of the fair value of investment in 

Monument  Therapeutics  Ltd.  and  how  management  have  formed  their  judgement  regarding  the 

discounts applied; 

§ 

§ 

utilising valuations specialists to evaluate management’s fair value model and discounts applied; 

utilising  a  valuation  specialist  to  test  the  discounted  cashflow  model  used  in  management’s 

impairment calculation; 

§ 

identifying and testing journal entries, in particular any large or unusual journal entries recorded in 

the general ledger and other adjustments made in the preparation of the financial statements; and  

§ 

assessing the extent of compliance with direct laws and regulations that may have an effect on the 

determination of the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. 

•  We  completed  audit  procedures  to  conclude  on  the  compliance  of  disclosures  in  the  annual  report  and 

financial statements with applicable financial reporting requirements. 

•  We  communicated  relevant  laws  and  regulations  and  potential  fraud  risks  to  all  Group  engagement  team 

members  and  remained  alert  to  any  indications  of  fraud  or  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations 

throughout the audit.  

• 

The Group’s management and Audit Committee have not noted any matters of non-compliance with laws 

and regulations or fraud that were communicated with the Group engagement team.  

- 

- 

- 

- 

Assessment  of  the  appropriateness  of  the  collective  competence  and  capabilities  of  the  engagement 

team included consideration of the engagement team’s 

understanding of, and practical experience with audit engagements of a similar nature and complexity 

through appropriate training and participation; 

knowledge of the industry in which the client operates; and 

understanding the legal and regulatory requirements specific to the entity.  

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of Cambridge 
Cognition Holdings plc 

• 

It is the Group audit engagement partner’s assessment that the Group audit engagement team collectively 

had  the  appropriate  competence  and  capabilities  to  identify  or  recognise  non-compliance  with  laws  and 

regulations. 

•  We  completed  audit  procedures  to  conclude  on  the  compliance  of  disclosures  in  the  annual  report  and 

financial statements with applicable financial reporting requirements. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 

Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members 

those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 

extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 

company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Paul Brown 

Senior Statutory Auditor 

for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP 

Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants 

Cambridge 

13 May 2022 

30 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income   

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative expenses 

Other operating income 

Operating loss 

Interest received 

Finance costs 

Profit/(loss) before tax 

Tax received  

5 

6 

7 

10 

10 

11 

10,094 

(2,015) 

8,079 

(7,829) 

14 

264 

- 

(11) 

253 

197 

6,741 

(1,324) 

5,417 

(6,093) 

32 

(644) 

4 

(9) 

(649) 

211 

Profit/(loss) for the year  

450 

(438) 

Other comprehensive income 

Items that may subsequently be reclassified to profit or 
loss 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

 21 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Earnings per share (pence) 

Basic earnings per share 

Diluted earnings per share 

   12   

14 

464 

1.4 

1.4 

93 

(345) 

(1.5) 

(1.5) 

All items of income are attributable to the equity holders in the Parent. 

The above results relate to continuing operations. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of financial position  

Assets 

Non-current assets  

Intangible assets  

Property, plant and equipment 

Investments 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Notes 

At 31 December 
2021 

At 31 December 
2020 

£'000 

£’000 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

22 

           373  

             52  

49 

           474  

           126  

        5,130  

        6,810  

379 

138 

- 

517 

51 

2,648 

3,047 

Total current assets 

      12,066  

5,746 

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Current liabilities  

Trade and other payables  

Total liabilities  

Equity 

Share capital  

Share premium 

Other reserves  

Own shares  

Retained earnings  

Total equity  

Total liabilities and equity 

12,540 

6,263 

19 

      11,908  

6,206 

      11,908  

6,206 

20 

20 

21 

21 

           312  

      11,151  

        6,125  

            (78)  

     (16,878)  

           632  

              -    

      12,540  

312 

11,151 

6,111 

(78) 

(17,439) 

57 

6,263 

The financial statements on pages 31 to 54 were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue 
on 13th May 2022 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Matthew Stork 
Chief Executive Officer 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity  

Balance at  
1 January 2020  

Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income for 
the year 

Issue of new share capital 

Share issue costs 
Transfer on allocation of shares 
in trust 
Credit to equity for equity-
settled share-based payments 

Share 
capital 

£'000 

Share 
premium 

Other 
reserves 

Own 
shares 

Retained 
earnings 

Total 

£'000 

£'000 

£'000 

£'000 

£'000 

242 

9,943 

6,018 

(81) 

(17,066) 

(944) 

- 

- 

- 

70 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,330 

(122) 

- 

- 

- 

93 

93 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

- 

3 

(438) 

(438) 

- 

93 

(438) 

(345) 

- 

- 

(3) 

68 

65 

Transactions with owners  

70 

1,208 

Balance at  
1 January 2021  

Profit for year 

Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income for 
the year 

Credit to equity for equity-
settled share-based payments 

Transactions with owners  

312 

11,151 

6,111 

(78) 

(17,439) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

14 

14 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

450 

- 

450 

111 

111 

1,400 

(122) 

- 

68 

1,346 

57 

450 

14 

464 

111 

- 

Balance at  
31 December 2021  

312 

11,151 

6,125 

(78) 

(16,878) 

632 

33 

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Notes 

Year to 
 31 December 
2021 

Year to 
 31 December 
2020 

£'000 

£’000 

Net cash flows from operating activities  

22 

3,945 

1,010 

Investing activities  

Interest received 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment  

Purchase of investment 

Net cash flow used in investing activities 

Financing activities  

Proceeds from the issue of share capital 

Share issue costs 

Interest payments                                                                    

Lease payments 

- 

(56) 

(49) 

(105) 

- 

- 

(11) 

(86) 

4 

(42) 

- 

(38) 

1,400 

(122) 

(9) 

(113) 

Net cash flows from financing activities  

(97) 

1,156 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents  

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year  

Exchange differences on cash and cash equivalents 

3,743 

3,047 

20 

2,128 

901 

18 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

22 

6,810 

3,047 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

1. General information 

Cambridge  Cognition  Holdings  plc  (‘the  Company’)  and  its  subsidiaries  (together,  ‘the  Group’)  develops  and 
markets digital solutions to assess brain health. 

The  Company  is  a  public  limited  company  which  is  listed  on  the  AIM  market  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange 
(symbol:  COG)  and  is  incorporated  and  domiciled  in  the  UK.  The  address  of  its  registered  office  is  Tunbridge 
Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge, CB25 9TU.  

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international 
accounting standards. The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those followed in the preparation of 
the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. The financial statements have 
been prepared under the historical cost convention. The accounts are presented in Pounds Sterling (“£”), and to 
the nearest £1,000. 

The subsidiary undertakings included within the Consolidated Financial Statements as at 31 December 2021 are 
given in note 15. 

2. Outlook for adoption of future Standards (new and amended) 

At the date of authorisation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, the standards and amendments that are 
in issue but not yet effective are considered to have no impact on the Group as they do not apply to the Group 
at present. 

3. Significant accounting policies 

3.1 Basis of consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of the Company and of its subsidiaries. All intra-
group  transactions,  balances,  income  and  expenses  are  eliminated  in  full  on  consolidation.  All  of  the  Group’s 
subsidiaries are wholly owned.  

3.2 Going concern 
The Directors have assessed the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. As noted in the Strategic Review, 
the business has remained fully operational to date and order intake in 2021 was excellent.  

The Group has a base case forecast for the period to 30th June 2023 with a growth case and downside case also 
being forecast. The base case is built on the current view of orders to be taken and the recognition of revenue 
and billing milestones associated with orders already taken. 

The base case shows strong performance, driven by existing orders and supports a positive cash balance right 
through the going concern review period, with a positive outlook thereafter. The downside case also shows 
positive cash through the going concern review period and would allow for further expenditure modifications 
not yet budgeted. 

Whilst having proper regard to the continuing uncertainties brought by the pandemic, the Directors believe that 
the Group will remain a going concern for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accounts have been prepared 
on the going concern basis. 

3.3 Revenue recognition 
Revenue is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers. 

To determine whether to recognise revenue, the Group follows a five-step process: 

Identifying a contract with a customer 
Identifying the performance obligations 
Determining the transaction price 
Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations 
Recognising revenue when or as performance obligations are satisfied 

The Group often enters into contracts where a bundle of products or services are provided. Contracts are assessed 
and obligation(s) are separated by applying the five steps to each element of the contract to decide how revenue 
should  be  recognised.    The  Group’s  portfolio  of  products  and  services  each  have  defined  characteristics  and 
performance obligations that inform revenue recognition decisions and the policy applied. 

Management  assesses  the  value  of  the  standalone  transaction  prices  of  each  unbundled  element  and  believe 
them to be appropriately reflected in the contract prices for the respective element, which are the result of arm’s 
length market price negotiations with customers.  Each are capable of being sold and used by customers  

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.3 Revenue recognition (continued) 

individually,  and  each  are  clearly  identified  within  the  contract.  These  values  are  then  used  for  revenue 
recognition judgements related to the performance of obligations which fall within one of the accounting policies 
stated below depending upon the specific characteristic of that contract.  Each of these are described below.  

The timing of payments received from customers is based on contractual terms, is typically received at multiple 
points throughout a contract and does not necessarily match the timing of revenue recognition.  To the extent 
that  payments  are  received  ahead  of  income  recognition,  these  amounts  are  carried  within  the  statement  of 
financial  position  within  trade  and  other  payables  as  deferred  income  on  contracts  with  customers.  Where 
payments are received after revenue recognition these are carried in the statement of financial position within 
trade and other receivables as accrued income from contracts with customers.      

Software: 
The Group sells licences to use its software and/or its software hosting platform. These licences can take different 
forms, which are described in turn below: 

Software licences hosted on our servers: 
Where software is hosted on our servers the revenue is recognised over a period of time, as we have a continuing 
performance obligation to provide services (e.g. to ensure our servers are available). Customers will also benefit 
from  software  and  service  enhancements  which  improve  the  functionality  of  the  software  during  the  licence 
period. These improvements are not standalone products and are included in the originally contracted price and 
so are not accounted for separately.  

• 

• 

• 

For contracts where the software value is greater than or equal to £20,000, and software is sold on a 
cost  per  assessment  basis,  the  Group  uses  the  assessment  price  to  recognise  revenue  as  the 
assessments are used, as this represents the customers’ consumption of their benefits of the contract, 
and the Group’s simultaneous performance of its obligations.  

For  contracts  where  the  software  value  is  less  than  £20,000,  and  software  is  sold  on  a  cost  per 
assessment basis, the Group uses a portfolio estimate of the revenue being recognised over 12 months. 
This period has been chosen as it best represents the average life of this portfolio of contracts. 

For contracts where the licence is sold for unlimited uses over a limited period of time, the revenue is 
taken equally over the course of the licence period. 

Software breakage: 
Software is generally sold as non-refundable and so at the end of a contract any remaining deferred software 
revenue is taken to the income statement. In addition, breakage will also be taken where software assessments 
on a project have not been used for 12 months, and management is not able to establish that the related project 
is ongoing. 

Software licences not hosted on our servers: 
Where software is not hosted on our servers, it is used as it exists at the point in time the licence is granted and 
as such revenue is recognised at that point in time. The time of recognition is once the licence has been delivered 
to the customer, either through delivery of a physical software key or installation on the client systems, as this 
is when the customer takes control of the asset and can direct its use. It is also when the Group’s performance 
obligations are satisfied as the Group is not responsible for hosting the software and is unable to make further 
software enhancements. 

Services: 
The Group provides a range of services that include supporting clinical studies, bespoke software development 
and scientific consultancy. Some services will be ongoing services provided over a period of time, whilst some 
will be clearly tied to a deliverable or other project milestone. 

Services delivered at a point in time: 
Some services, such as training and delivery of scientific reports will be delivered at a point in time and as such 
will be recognised at a point in time, as the performance obligation is discharged on delivery, as this is when the 
customer obtains control of the related asset or consumes the benefit. 

Services delivered over a period of time: 
When services are delivered over a period of time (e.g. study support services) the revenue is recognised equally 
over the relevant period, using the output method. In some instances, the period in question may be for the life 
of the contract, and in these instances management will estimate the length of the contract for this purpose, and 
hence can measure the proportion of time passed to measure the value of revenue that can be recognised. When 
that estimate changes, revenue that has not yet been recognised will be adjusted prospectively to match the  

36 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.3 Revenue recognition (continued) 

revised  estimate.  Study  support  services  can  be  separated  into  set-up,  ongoing  management  and  close  out 
phases  with  separate  performance  obligations.  Where  material  and  clearly  identifiable,  these  phases  will  be 
recognised  separately.  Where  immaterial  or  not  clearly  identifiable,  these  revenues  will  be  recognised  evenly 
over the course of the total relevant period.  

In some cases, whilst the end product is a specific deliverable, it may be that the work required is executed over 
an  extended  period  of  time.  In  these  cases,  management  may  make  an  estimate  of  revenue  earned  to  date 
considering the progress towards satisfying the performance obligation. This will normally be measured by the 
output method – i.e. what proportion of the deliverable has been completed.  This is measured by observable 
milestones, for example story-points completed in a software build or over time where such observable milestones 
do not exist.   

Customer support services: 
Aside from any specific services contracted, our customers have access to our customer support team should 
they  have  problems  with  their  software.  The  life  of  this  support  matches  the  life  of  the  software  licence  (as 
support can only be required whilst a licence is held), and as such this support is not separated from the software 
licence revenue recognition as described above.  

Hardware: 
The Group does not manufacture hardware, but will acquire, configure and sell hardware to customers as part of 
the  Group’s  offering.  Hardware  revenue  is  recognised  when  hardware  is  despatched  to  the  customer,  as  the 
performance obligation is discharged at this point. 

Bill and hold arrangements: 
On some occasions, a customer may ask that we purchase and configure hardware on their behalf and then store 
the  hardware  awaiting  specific  despatch  instructions.  In  these  cases,  the  customer  assumes  ownership  of  the 
assets even though they may still be in our physical possession. Once all of the specific criteria under IFRS 15 
are met, the Group will recognise this hardware revenue, even though the hardware has not yet been despatched.  

The Group will normally bill ahead of revenue recognition, and so it is common that a contract liability is created. 
In  particular,  software  amounts  are  normally  billed  on  contract  signature.  These  amounts  are  held  on  the 
Statement  of  Financial  Position  within  ‘Deferred  income  on  contracts  with  customers’.  Where  revenue  is 
recognised  in  the  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income  but  not  yet  invoiced,  a  contract  asset  is  held  on  the 
Statement of Financial Position within ‘Accrued income on contracts with customers’.  

3.4 Grants 
Grants of a revenue nature are credited to profit and loss to match with the expenses incurred. Where the grant 
relates directly to the Group’s principal activities, it is taken as revenue. Where the grant relates to payments for 
the use of the Group’s products or resources to support broader projects, the grant is taken as other income. 

3.5 Sales commissions 
Commissions are accrued and subsequently paid based on the contractual terms reached with the salesperson.  
Commissions relate to the whole of the respective customer contract and so are apportioned on the same basis 
as  revenue  recognition.  Where  commissions  are  paid  related  to  revenues  that  are  not  expected  in  the  same 
accounting period, the commission amount is capitalised and held as an asset on the balance sheet, before being 
expensed in proportion with the related revenue, which will be recognised in accordance with the policy in 3.3 
above. 

3.6 Costs of sales 

Cost of sales includes costs arising in meeting our obligations to customers. The most significant items include 
third party costs for services and hardware, sales commissions, and the costs of hosting customer data.  All other 
costs  are  included  within  administration  costs  unless  separate  presentation  on  the  face  of  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income is mandated.  

3.7 Leasing 

A contract contains a lease if the contract gives the Group the right to control the use of an asset for a period of 
time. On commencement of a lease, the lease liability is measured at the present value of the contracted lease 
payments, using an estimation of the Group’s incremental cost of borrowing, or a rate implicit in the contract if 
that  can  be  determined.  Right-of-use  assets  are  measured  at  cost  compromising  the  amount  of  the  initial 
investment of the lease liability and restoration costs. 

37 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.7 Leasing (continued) 

Subsequent to initial recognition, the lease liability is increased for the related finance charges and reduced for 
instalments paid. The asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the length of the lease or 
the asset’s useful life. Upon any subsequent modifications to the lease, the values are reassessed in line with the 
process  outlined  for  commencement  above.  Where  a  lease  ends  it  is  eliminated  from  the  recorded  cost  and 
depreciation values. 

Should the Group enter into any leases with a period of under 12 months, or for assets with a low value, these 
costs would be recognised directly into the income statement. For 2021, there are no such assets. 

3.8 Foreign currencies 
The  individual  financial  statements  of  each  subsidiary  are  presented  in  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic 
environment  in  which  it  operates  (its  functional  currency).  The  UK  pound  is  the  functional  currency  of  the 
Company and presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements  of  the  individual  companies,  transactions  in  currencies  other  than  the 
entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates 
of the transactions, with differences recorded in the income statement. At each reporting date, monetary assets 
and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date.  

On consolidation, assets and liabilities have been translated into the UK pound at the closing rate at the reporting 
date.  Income  and  expenses  have  been  translated  into  the  UK  pound  at  the  average  monthly  rates  over  the 
reporting period. Exchange differences are charged or credited to other comprehensive income and recognised 
in the currency translation reserve in equity. 

3.9 Post employment benefit costs 
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due. 

3.10 Taxation 
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. 

Current tax 
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported 
in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other 
years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. 

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of 
assets  and  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the  corresponding  tax  bases  used  in  the 
computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities 
are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it 
is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 
However,  such  assets  and  liabilities  are  not  recognised  if  the  temporary  difference  arises  from  the  initial 
recognition of goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and 
liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on  investments  in  subsidiaries 
except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it 
is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or 
the asset is realised based on tax laws and rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting 
date. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or 
credited in other comprehensive income, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in other comprehensive 
income. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the 
Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

38 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.10 Taxation (continued) 

Research and Development tax credits 

The  Group  applies  for  Research  and  Development  tax  credits  in  respect  of  each  financial  year.  The  credit  is 
recognised when the application is submitted, as the Group has an established history of successful claims, and 
this is the point where an estimated value is reliable. The tax credit is accounted for within the taxation charge 
or credit for the year.  

3.11 Goodwill 
Goodwill  arising  in  a  business  combination  is  recognised  as  an  asset  at  the  date  that  control  is  acquired  (the 
acquisition date). Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of 
any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest (if 
any) in the entity over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities 
assumed. 

Goodwill is not amortised but is reviewed for impairment at least annually. For the purpose of impairment testing, 
goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units expected to benefit from synergies arising from 
the  combination.  Cash-generating  units  to  which  goodwill  has  been  attributed  under  IFRS  3  Business 
Combinations are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit 
may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the 
unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and 
then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. An 
impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period. For impairment review purposes 
the value in use is assessed with reference to cash flows arising from the Board approved three-year plan using 
a 7.5% discount rate. If this calculation suggests the recoverability of goodwill is sensitive to any of these factors, 
appropriate scenario modelling is performed.  

3.12 Tangible and intangible assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment 
loss. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets, less their estimated residual 
value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases: 

Leased buildings (right of use)  
Fixtures, fittings and equipment 
Leasehold improvements 

- 
- 
- 

Period of contracted use (i.e. length of lease) 
25% - 33% per annum straight line 
straight line over the lesser of 5 years or over the term of the lease 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying 
amount of the asset and is recognised in profit and loss on the transfer of the risks and rewards of ownership. 

Purchased licences 

Where a licence for software used in the provision of services to customers is purchased and controlled by the 
Group, the amount is capitalised and amortised over the period of the licence as long as future economic benefits 
are expected. The amortisation charge is charged to cost of sales.  

Internally-generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure 

The Group undertakes research and development expenditure in view of developing new products. Expenditure 
on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. An internally generated 
intangible asset arising from the Group’s development is recognised only if the Group can demonstrate all of the 
following: 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale 
its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it 
its ability to use or sell the intangible asset 
how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits. Among other things, the entity 
can demonstrate the existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself 
or, if it is to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible asset 
the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use 
or sell the intangible asset 
its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development 

39 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.12 Tangible and intangible assets (continued) 

Internally-generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure (continued) 

Where no internally generated intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised as an 
expense in the period in which it is incurred. Costs are allocated to research and development activities based on 
estimates of the proportion of time incurred by the relevant employees on such activities, plus third-party costs 
and consumables. 

3.13 Inventories 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where 
applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their 
present  location  and  condition.  Cost  is  calculated  using  the  First-In-First-Out  method.  Net  realisable  value 
represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, 
selling and distribution. 

3.14 Financial instruments 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group’s Statement of Financial Position when the 
Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and financial liabilities 
are initially measured at fair value, plus or minus directly attributable transaction costs. 

Financial assets 
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost. The Group currently holds no assets at fair value 
through profit and loss or fair value through other comprehensive income. Accordingly, where the Group believes 
that  there  is  a  change  in  the  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  (e.g.  a  trade  receivable  is  considered 
unrecoverable)  this  amount  will  be  adjusted  through  the  income  statement.  A  financial  asset  is  derecognised 
once the contractual rights expire (e.g. when cash has been received for a trade receivable). 

Expected credit losses on trade receivables 
The  Group  applies  the  IFRS  9  simplified  approach  to  measuring  expected  credit  losses  which  uses  a  lifetime 
expected loss allowance for all trade receivables and contract assets. The Group estimates expected credit losses 
by  taking  the  credit  losses  over  the  preceding  36  months  and  comparing  this  to  the  revenue  over  the  same 
period. The historical rates are adjusted to reflect current conditions and the Group’s view of economic conditions 
over  the  expected  lives  of  the  receivables.  The  percentage  derived  is  then  applied  to  the  outstanding  trade 
receivables. This has resulted in an immaterial amount and as such no provision has been booked. 

Financial liabilities 
All  the  Group’s  financial  liabilities  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method, with interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis. Financial liabilities are derecognised when 
the related obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires. 

Equity instruments 
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting 
all  of  its  liabilities.  Equity  instruments  issued  are  recognised  as  the  proceeds  are  received,  net  of  direct  issue 
costs. 

Hedge accounting 
The Group does not have any relationships that qualify for hedge accounting. 

3.15 Share-based payments 
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the 
fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date. The fair value excludes the effect of non-market-based 
vesting  conditions.  Details  regarding  the  determination  of  the  fair  value  of  equity-settled  share-based 
transactions are set out in note 24. 

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-
line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. 
At each reporting date, the Group revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest as 
a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, 
if  any,  is  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  such  that  the  cumulative  expense  reflects  the  revised  estimate,  with  a 
corresponding adjustment to equity reserves. 

40 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 

3.16 Employee Benefit Trust 
In order to facilitate the exercise of share options the Group maintains an Employee Benefit Trust (EBT). This is 
consolidated in accordance with IFRS10. The costs of purchasing own shares held by the EBT are deducted from 
equity under the ‘Own Shares’ reserve. Neither the purchase nor sale of own shares leads to a gain or loss being 
recognised  in  the  Group’s  profit  and  loss  or  other  comprehensive  income.  When  shares  are  subsequently 
transferred to employees for less than their purchase price the difference is a realised loss recognised directly in 
reserves. 

3.17 Investments 
The Group measures equity investments at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in other gains/(losses) 
in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 

4. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, which are described in note 3, the Directors are required to 
make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not 
readily  apparent  from  other  sources.  The  estimates  and  associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical 
experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates 
are  recognised  in  the  period  in  which  the  estimate  is  revised  if  the  revision  affects  only  that  period  or  in  the 
period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

Revenue recognition 
As noted in section 3.3 above, many of the judgements in relation to revenue recognition are directed by the 
characteristics  of  the  contractual  obligation  being  discharged.  Accordingly,  a  limited  amount  of  management 
judgement is required. Whilst these judgements do not carry a significant level of estimation uncertainty, they 
are nonetheless described below. 
The extent to which, and the way in which, contracts are separated into their component parts and the values 
attributed to those parts. This is based on the detail as per the contract, but other methods could be used that 
would yield different results; 
Whether software licences are granted to allow the customer the benefit of use of the Group’s intellectual property 
over a period of time (including benefitting from future maintenance and improvements) or whether that right is 
given as the intellectual property exists at the point of time the licence is granted. In the case of the former, 
software is recognised over the period of use, for the latter revenue is recognised when the customer receives 
control of the licence; 
The adoption of the portfolio approach for lower value sales and the recognition criteria applied judgements of 
the upper limit (£20,000) and the period of recognition (12 months) impact the method of valuation and hence 
the amount recognised in the financial statements; 
Where  performance  obligations  are  satisfied  over  time,  the  length  of  time  remaining  for  performance,  and 
whether this needs revising over time. These judgements are based on best available information from customers 
at any given point in time, but can change given the nature of the customer’s business; and 
The  deferral  and  subsequent  recognition  of  commissions  in  cost  of  sales,  which  is  recognised  in  the  same 
proportion as the revenue it is associated with. 

Critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies 
The following are the critical judgements that the Directors, supported by management have made in the process 
of  applying  the  Group’s  accounting  policies.  Where  estimation  uncertainty  exists,  the  Directors,  supported  by 
management, take account of all available information in forming their judgement. 

Fair value of investments 
The  Group  reviews  the  fair  value  of  investments  on  an  annual  basis.   This  test  requires  a  comparison  of  the 
observable  equity  transactions,  discounted  for  appropriate  matters  specific  to  the  Group’s  holding  in  the 
underlying investment. 

Goodwill 
The Group reviews the carrying value of its goodwill balances by carrying out impairment tests at least on an 
annual basis. These tests require estimates to be made of the value in use of its CGUs which are dependent on 
estimates of future cash flows and long-term growth rates of the CGUs. See note 13. 

Capitalisation of development costs 
The point at which development costs meet the criteria for capitalisation is critically dependent on management 
judgement of the probability of future economic benefits. No development was completed in the year which met 
the requirements for capitalisation under IAS 38 Intangible Assets. The research and development expenditure 

41 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

primarily relates to ongoing research as outlined in the Strategic Report. Therefore, no development costs have 
been capitalised during 2021 (2020: £nil). 

Recovery of deferred tax assets 
Deferred tax assets have not been recognised for deductible temporary differences, share options and tax losses 
as management considers that there is not sufficient certainty on when future taxable profits will be available to 
utilise those temporary differences and tax losses. This judgement is reviewed at each balance sheet date and 
made based upon forecasts of taxable profit, considering the inherent uncertainties in these forecasts. 

5. Revenue 

An analysis of the Group’s revenue for each major product and service category is as follows: 

   Software  
   Services 
   Hardware 

2021 
£'000 

          3,609 
          5,638  
             847  
10,094 

2020 
£'000 

2,751 
3,679 
311 
6,741 

Costs cannot be directly attributed to the products and services above so profit measures are not presented.  

Geographical information 

The revenue from external customers by geographical location is detailed below: 

United Kingdom 
United States of America 
European Union 
Rest of World 

All non-current assets are located in the United Kingdom. 

Information about major customers 

2021 
£'000 

888 
6,167 
2,261 
778 
10,094 

2020 
£'000 

425 
4,606 
984 
726 
6,741 

Two customers account for more than 10 per cent of reported revenue in 2021, amounting to just over 20% of 
the total (2020: none).  

Revenue from contracts with customers 

All revenue in 2021 and 2020 comes from contracts with customers.  

Timing of revenue recognition  

As explained in note 3.3, some software and services are recognised over a period of time, and some at a point 
in time. The split of revenue in line with these factors is as follows: 

Software – delivered over a period of time 

  Software – delivered at a point in time 

Services – delivered over a period of time 
Services – delivered at a point in time 
Hardware – recognised at despatch or on satisfaction of bill and hold criteria 

2021 
£'000 

          3,344  
            265  
          4,694  
             944  
847 
10,094 

2020 
£'000 

2,279 
472 
2,868 
811 
311 
6,741 

Of the £4.8m deferred revenue at 31 December 2020, £4.5m was recognised as revenue in 2021. Of the £2.7m 
deferred revenue at 31 December 2019, £0.3m was recognised as revenue in 2021.  

42 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

5. Revenue (continued) 
Payment terms can vary from customer to customer and are subject to negotiation. Normally, software will be 
invoiced  at  the  point  of  initial  sale  and  services  invoiced  as  delivered.  This  will  mean  that  a  deferred  revenue 
balance is created in respect of software which will be reduced as the software is used.  

Deferred commissions 

Deferred commissions are presented as part of ‘other receivables’ in note 17. Management does not consider 
any of these amounts impaired. The movement of this account specifically is as follows: 

2021 
£'000 

440 
(174) 
462 

728 

2020 
£'000 

273 
(127) 
294 

440 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

14 
14 

32 
32 

2021 
£'000 

  297 
1,660 
143 
6 
5,100 

2020 
£'000 

130 
1,453 
132 
6 
4,444 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

44 
33 
77 

9 
9 

28 
26 
54 

8 
8 

  Opening balance 
 Amount of opening balance recognised in year  
Net addition from sales in year 

  Closing balance 

6. Other operating income 

Other operating income is made up of the following: 

Grant income 

7. Operating profit/(loss) 

Operating profit/(loss) has been arrived at after charging/(crediting): 

Net foreign exchange (gains)/losses 
Research and development costs 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Amortisation of intangibles 
Staff costs (see note 9) 

8. Auditor’s remuneration  

The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of:  
the Company’s annual accounts 
the subsidiaries’ annual accounts 
Total audit fees 

Taxation compliance services 
Total non-audit fees 

43 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

9. Staff costs 

The average monthly number of employees (including directors) was: 

Operations 
Sales and business development 
Administrative support 

Their aggregate remuneration comprised: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs (see note 25) 
Share-based payments charge (see note 24) 

10. Interest receivable and finance costs 

Interest receivable comprises: 

Interest on bank deposits 

Finance costs comprise: 

Unwinding of discount on lease creditor 

2021 
Number 

2020 
Number 

42 
9 
9 
60 

40  
7 
11 
58 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

3,811 
4,321 
352 
440 
228 
213 
111                68 
4,444 

5,100 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

- 

4 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

11 

9 

44 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

11. Taxation 

Corporation tax: 
Current year 
Adjustments in respect of prior years 

Deferred tax (see note 18) 
Total tax credit 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

(2) 
(195) 
(197) 

- 

(197) 

2 
(213) 
(211) 
- 
(211) 

Corporation tax is calculated at 19.00% (2020: 19.00%) of the estimated taxable loss for the year. 

The tax credit for each year reconciles to the loss before tax as follows: 

Loss before tax on continuing operations    

Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19.00%  
(2020: 19.00%) 

Difference in foreign tax rates 

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

Deduction on exercise of share options 

Movement in unprovided deferred tax on losses 

Adjustment in respect of prior years 

Foreign tax (credit)/charge 

Tax credit for the year 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£'000 

253 

(649) 

48 

17 

26 

(48) 

(43) 

(123) 

5 

3 

(2) 

117 

(195) 

(213) 

(2) 

2 

(197) 

(211) 

The adjustment in respect of prior years relates to the receipt of R&D tax credits in respect of 2020 (2020: in 
respect of 2019).  No claim has yet been made for 2021 and no credit has been recognised in the financial 
statements.  

12. Earnings per share 

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) is based on the following data: 

Earnings 

Earnings for the purposes of basic and diluted EPS per share being net loss 
attributable to owners of the Company 

Number of shares 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic EPS 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

450 

(438) 

2021 
'000 

31,170 

2020 
'000 

29,776 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of diluted EPS 

31,519 

29,776 

45 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

13. Intangible assets 

Cost 

Goodwill 
£'000 

Licences 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

At 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021 

352 

Amortisation 
At 1 January 2021 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2021 

Net Book value 

At 31 December 2021 

At 31 December 2020 

- 
- 
- 

352 

352 

40 

13 
6 
19 

21 

27 

392 

13 
6 
19 

373 

379 

The goodwill held by the Group is held within Cambridge Cognition Limited and was recognised when the initial 
trade and assets for Cambridge Cognition Limited were acquired in 2002. The initial amount recognised was the 
difference between the amount paid for the trade and assets by Cambridge Cognition Limited and the fair value 
of those assets. The goodwill represents Cambridge Cognition’s proprietary software. This software is used 
across the Group’s product offerings, and the group monitors the value of the goodwill at the Cambridge 
Cognition Limited level. Accordingly, the cash generating unit (“CGU”) for the purposes of testing impairment 
under IAS 36 is the statutory entity of Cambridge Cognition Limited.  

The recoverable value of the goodwill and other assets in Cambridge Cognition Limited has been assessed on a 
value in use basis considering the three-year future forecasts for Cambridge Cognition Limited. These budgets 
are a result of the overall Group budgeting process, and the key assumptions include sales order volumes, 
business costs, and the related cash flows. This process considers both prior performance and future 
projections based on both external and internal factors. A terminal value is calculated based on the third year 
of forecasts with a nil growth rate. The discount rate used was 7.5%, consistent with the prior year.  

As well as the scenario based on these forecasts, management has run alternative scenarios with reasonable 
downside assumptions to test the valuation, in particular a reduction in sales orders taken by over 20% and 
consequential impacts on results and cashflow. In all scenarios, the goodwill amount is recovered within the 
initial three-year period. Accordingly, no impairment has been recorded. 

14. Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 

At 1 January 2021 
Additions 
At 31 December 2021 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2021 
Charge for the year 
Eliminated on expiry of lease 
At 31 December 2021 

Net Book value 

At 31 December 2021 

At 31 December 2020 

Leased 
Buildings 
£’000 

Leasehold 
Improvements 
£'000 

Fixtures 
and fittings 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

39 
- 
39 

38 
1 
- 
39 

- 

1 

628 
32 
660 

585 
24 
- 
609 

52 

43 

793 
56 
849 

655 
143 
- 
798 

52 

138 

126 
24 
150 

32 
118 
- 
150 

- 

94 

46 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

15. Subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and other investments 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates at 31 December 2021 are as follows: 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation 
(or registration) 
and operation 

Cambridge Cognition Limited 

United Kingdom 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 
% 
100% 

Proportion 
of 
voting 
power held 
% 
100% 

Cambridge Cognition Trustees Limited   

United Kingdom 

100% 

Cambridge Cognition LLC 

Delaware, United 
States of America 

100% 

Cantab Corporate Health Limited 

United Kingdom 

100% 

Cognition Kit Limited 

United Kingdom 

50% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

50% 

The results and assets of Cognition Kit Limited are immaterial to the Group. Accordingly, detailed disclosures 
have not been presented. 

All the above companies, except Cambridge Cognition Limited, are held via Cambridge Cognition Limited. All UK 
entities have their Registered Office at the Company’s registered office. The Registered Office of Cambridge 
Cognition LLC is 510 S. 200 W. Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA. 

All holdings are in ordinary shares. 

Details of the Company’s other investments include: 

Monument Therapeutics Limited  

33% 

The net cost of the investment in Monument is £49,000 and after an extensive fair value exercise it was 
concluded that cost approximated to fair value and there was no requirement to adjust the carrying value of 
the investment at 31st December 2021. 

The Company recognises its holding in Monument as an investment. Although it holds more than 20% of the 
voting shares, it does not have significant influence over the business due to the control exercised by all the 
other major shareholders to the exclusion of the Company.  

16. Inventories 

Finished goods and goods for resale 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

126 

51 

During the year inventories with a total value of £251,000 (2020: £184,000) were included in the income 
statement as an expense. 

47 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

17. Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables from contracts with customers 
Accrued income from contracts with customers 
Prepayments  
Deferred commissions 
Other receivables 

2021 
£'000 
2,047 
401 
1,592 
728 
362 
5,130 

2020 
£'000 
1,368 
57 
551 
440 
232 
2,648 

Trade receivables 
Trade receivables disclosed above are classified as financial assets and are measured at amortised cost. 

The average credit period offered on sales of goods varies from 30 days to 90 days.  

Trade  receivables  disclosed  above  include  amounts  which  are  past  due  at  the  year-end  (see  below  for  aged 
analysis) but against which the Group has not recognised an impairment loss. There has not been a significant 
change in credit quality and the amounts are still considered recoverable.  

Aging of past due but not impaired receivables:  

31-60 days  
61-90 days 
91-120 days 
121 or more days 

2021 
£'000 
652 
299 
4 
79 
1,034 

2020 
£'000 
10 
27 
- 
4 
41 

There is a provision for a credit loss of £13,000 (2020: £13,000). This loss is against a specific project from which 
recovery is not presently anticipated. In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable the Group will also 
consider any change in the credit quality of the trade receivable from the date credit was initially granted up to 
the reporting date. The concentration of credit risk is limited due to the customer base being large and unrelated.  
Management considers that all the above financial assets that are not impaired or past due are of good credit 
quality.  Under  IFRS  9,  we  consider  the  expected  credit  losses  on  our  receivables  with  reference  to  our  past 
experiences of credit losses and calculate an expected credit loss.  The expected credit loss for the Group would 
be immaterial and has not been booked in this or the prior year. 

Debts of £10,000 were written off during the year (2020 – nil). A provision for credit loss of £115 was charged 
to the income statement (2020: £13,000).  

18. Deferred Tax 

At the reporting date, the Group has unused tax losses of £12.8 million (2020: £13.8 million) available for offset 
against future profits. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of these losses as there is uncertainty 
over  the  timing  of  future  taxable  profits.  The  unprovided  deferred  tax  asset  amounts  to  approximately  £2.5 
million  (2020:  £2.6  million).   Losses  may  be  carried  forward  indefinitely.   No  deferred  tax  asset  has  been 
recognised in respect of share options. 

48 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements  

19. Trade and other payables 

Amounts falling due within one year 

Trade payables 
Accruals 
Deferred income on contracts with customers 
Social security and other taxes 
Lease liabilities 
Other payables 

2021 
£'000 

          755  
       2,181  
       8,816  
          112  
            18  
            26  
11,908 

2020 
£'000 

298 
864 
4,833 
85 
98 
28 
6,206 

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. 
For all suppliers no interest is charged on the trade payables. Group policy is to ensure that payables are paid 
within  the  pre-agreed  credit  terms  and  to  avoid  incurring  penalties  and/or  interest  on  late  payments.  The 
Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates their fair value. 

Deferred income on contracts with customers has increased during the year due to the volume of sales orders 
received, and the amount of orders for which payments have been received ahead of revenue recognition. 

20. Share capital 

Issued and fully paid 
31,170,093 (2020: 31,170,093) Ordinary Shares of £0.01 each 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

312 

312 

All ordinary shares carry equal voting and distribution rights. There are no other classes of shares. 

21. Own shares reserve and other reserve 

Own shares reserve 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

78 

78 

The Own shares reserve represents the cost of shares acquired by the two Cambridge Cognition Employee Benefit 
Trusts  to  satisfy  options  under  the  Group’s  share  options  schemes.  The  number  of  shares  held  by  the  UK 
Employee Benefit Trust at 31 December 2021 was 36,765 (2020: 67,715). The number of shares held by the 
Jersey-based Employee Benefit Trust at 31 December 2021 was 45,000 (2020: 48,250). 

During  the  year  employees  exercised  30,950  (2020:  6,000)  (net)  share  options  at  an  exercise  price  of  £0.01 
each which were satisfied by the UK Employee Benefit Trust.  

Other reserve – merger reserve 
Other reserve – cumulative translation adjustment 
Total other reserve 

2021 
£’000 

5,981 
144 
6,125 

2020 
£’000 

5,981 
130 
6,111 

The  Other  reserve  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity  is  made  up  of  £5,981,000  which  arose 
when the Company became the new Group holding company in April 2013.

49 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

22. Notes to the cash flow statement 

Profit (Loss) before tax 

Adjustments for: 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Amortisation of software licences 
Share-based payment expense 
Finance costs 
Interest receivable 
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 

Decrease/(increase) in inventories 
(Increase)/decrease in receivables 
Increase in payables 
Cash generated by operations 

Tax credit received less tax paid 

Net cash from operating activities 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and bank balances 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

253 

(649) 

142 
6 
111 
11 
- 
523 

(75) 
(2,285) 
5,782 
3,945 

132 
6 
68 
9 
(4) 
(438) 

2 
(1,010) 
2,243 
797 

- 

213 

3,945 

1,010 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

6,810 

3,047 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months 
or less. The carrying amount of these assets is approximately equal to their fair value. 

23. Lease arrangements 

The Group holds leases for its headquarters and one additional storage building on the same site. These are the 
Group’s only leases. A summary of the lease asset is within note 14, being the column ‘Leased Buildings’.  

The changes in the lease liability are as follows:  

Liability outstanding at the beginning of the year 
Renewal lease signed 
Lease repayments 
Finance costs 

Liability outstanding at year-end 

2021 
£'000 

98 
- 
(86) 
6 

18 

All remaining lease payments are due within one year. Included within the liability above is an amount of 
£17,000 for restoration of the property at the lease’s end. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

24. Share-based payments 

Equity-settled share option scheme 
The Company has a share option scheme for key employees of the Group. The vesting periods vary between 0 
and 3 years. Options are forfeited if the employee leaves the Group before the options vest. Details of the share 
options outstanding during the year are as follows: 

2021 

2020 

Number of 
share 
options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(in £) 

Number of 
share 
options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(in £) 

Outstanding at beginning of year 
Exercised during the year 
Granted during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

2,287,636 
(38,259) 
494,000 
(216,287) 
2,527,090 

0.35 
0.01 
1.24 
0.45 
0.52 

1,316,321 
(6,000) 
1,286,815 
(309,500) 
2,287,636 

0.46 
0.01 
0.30 
0.58 
0.35 

Exercisable at the end of the year 

396,959 

0.59 

288,106 

0.81 

The options outstanding at 31 December 2021 had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.6 years 
(2020 3.2 years). The exercise prices of share options outstanding at the period end was as follows: 

2021 

2020 

Number of 
share 
options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(in £) 

Number of 
share 
options 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(in £) 

Exercise price of one penny 
Exercise price of 28 pence 
Exercise price between 53 and 82.5 pence 
Exercise price between 125 and 272 pence 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

160,843 
1,427,857 
455,458 
482,932 
2,527,090 

0.01 
0.28 
0.66 
1.29 
0.52 

200,602 
1,592,144 
456,958 
37,932 
2,287,636 

0.01 
0.28 
0.66 
1.63 
0.35 

Options were granted on 30 April 2021 and 15 November 2021. The performance conditions attached to some of 
these  options  are  such  that  options  vest  dependent  on  the  Group  achieving  certain  performance  hurdles.  The 
performance  conditions,  which  are  both  market  and  non-market  conditions,  have  been  incorporated  into  the 
measurement by actuarial modelling. The aggregate of the estimated fair values of the options granted in April 
is £155,000, and for those granted in November is £28,000. The inputs into the Monte Carlo stochastic and Black 
Scholes models for the performance related options were as follows: 

Share price at date of issue 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Risk-free rate 
Expected dividend yields 

Share price at date of issue 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Risk-free rate 
Expected dividend yields 

April 2021  

121.0p 
125.0p 
6% 
3 years 
0.17% 
0.0% 

November 2021  

136.5p 
140.0p 
6% 
3 years 
0.17% 
0.0% 

Expected volatility was determined by considering the expected share price movements and other comparable 
listed companies in the sector. For each option tranche a minimum share price hurdle for the options to vest was 
set in accordance with the individual terms in the option contracts.  

The  Group  recognised  a  total  charge  of  £111,000  (2020:  £68,000)  in  relation  to  equity-settled  share-based 
payment transactions. 

51 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

25. Post-employment benefit schemes 

Defined contribution schemes 
The Group operates a defined contribution retirement benefit scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of 
the scheme are held separately from those of the Group in funds under the control of independent trustees.  

The  total  cost  charged  to  income  of  £228,000  (2020:  £213,000)  represents  contributions  payable  to  these 
schemes by the Group at agreed rates. As at 31 December 2021, contributions of £25,000 (2020: £26,000) due 
in respect of the current reporting year had not been paid over to the schemes. 

26. Financial instruments 

Capital risk management 
The Group manages its capital to ensure the Group is able to continue as a going concern while maximising the 
return to stakeholders through optimising the balance between the Group debt and equity. The Group had no 
borrowings  at  31  December  2021  (2020:  nil).  The  Group  is  not  subject  to  any  externally  imposed  capital 
requirements. 

The current capital structure of the Group consists of cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to equity 
holders of the Parent, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained earnings as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Equity shareholders funds  

2021 
£'000 

6,810 
632 

2020 
£'000 

3,047 
57 

Significant accounting policies 
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted (including the criteria for recognition, the basis 
of measurement and the bases for recognition of income and expenses) for each class of financial asset, financial 
liability and equity instrument are disclosed in note 3. 

Categories of financial instruments 

Financial assets classified at amortised cost 
Cash and bank balances 
Trade and other receivables  

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

Trade and other payables 

2021 
£'000 

2020 
£'000 

6,810 
2,388 

3,047 
1,521 

3,092 

1,373 

Financial risk management objectives 
The Group’s Finance function is responsible for all aspects of corporate treasury. It co-ordinates access to financial 
markets and monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Group through internal 
reports  which  analyse  exposures  by  degree  and  magnitude.  The  risks  reviewed  include  market  risk  (including 
currency risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. 

Liquidity Risk 
Liquidity risk is that the Group might be unable to meet its obligations. The Group manages its liquidity needs by 
monitoring cash outflows due in day-to-day business. The Board reviews an annual 12 month financial projection 
as well as information regarding cash balances on a monthly basis, which includes projections of at least a further 
12 months.   

At 31 December 2021, the Group’s financial liabilities had contractual maturities which are summarised below: 

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Lease liability 

52 

2020 
£'000 
Within 1 year Within 1 year 

2021 
£'000 

755 
2,319 
18 

3,092 

298 
977 
98 

1,373 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

26. Financial instruments (continued) 

Market risk 
The Group’s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates (see 
below). The Group has limited exposure to foreign currency exchange rates and did not use  financial derivatives 
in 2020 or 2021.  

There  has  been  no  change  to  the  Group’s  exposure  to  market  risks  or  the  manner  in  which  these  risks  are 
managed and measured. 

Foreign currency risk management 
The Group undertakes transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate 
fluctuations arise.  

The carrying amounts of the Group’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at 
the year-end were as follows: 

US Dollar 
Euro 
Qatari Riyal 

                     Liabilities 

              Assets 

2021 
£'000 

119 
138 
- 

2020 
£'000 

83 
39 
- 

2021 
£'000 

2,952 
599 
45 

2020 
£'000 

2,922 
766 
45 

A movement in the £/$ exchange rate of +/- 5% from 31 December 2021 to the date of realising the US dollar 
net asset position would result in a gain of £142,000 (2020: £142,000). Similarly with the Euro, the gain/loss 
would be £23,000 (2020: £36,000). With the Qatari Riyal, the gain/loss would be £2,000(2020: £2,000).  

Credit risk management 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial 
loss to the Group. The Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining 
sufficient collateral where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Group 
makes appropriate enquiries of the counterparty and independent third parties to determine credit worthiness. 
Use of other publicly available financial information and the Group’s own trading records is made to rate its major 
customers. The Group’s exposure and the credit worthiness of its counterparties are continuously monitored and 
the aggregate value of transactions is spread amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure is also controlled 
by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by Group management continuously. 

The Group does not have any significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or group of counterparties 
having  similar  characteristics.  The  Group  defines  counterparties  as  having  similar  characteristics  if  they  are 
related entities.  

The  carrying  amount  recorded  for  financial  assets  in  the  Statement  of  Financial  Position  is  net  of  impairment 
losses and represents the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk. The Group has calculated its expected credit 
losses and the amount is immaterial. No guarantees have been given in respect to third parties. 

Fair value of financial instruments 
The  Directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amounts  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  recorded  in  the 
Statement of Financial Position approximate their fair values. 

53 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the financial statements 

27. Related party transactions 

Balances  and  transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries,  which  are  related  parties,  have  been 
eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. Transactions between the Group and other related 
parties are disclosed below. 

Transactions with Cognition Kit Limited 

Cognition Kit Limited is the Group’s 50% owned joint venture.  

During the year the Group invoiced £21,000 (2020: £66,000) in respect of the value of time and expenses of the 
Group committed to the activities of Cognition Kit Limited - this has been recognised in revenue. At year-end a 
balance of £nil (2020: £nil) was owed to the Group by Cognition Kit Limited.  

Further, the Group was invoiced £253,000 with respect to Cognition Kit Limited in the year (2020: £41,000) – 
this has been recognised as a cost of sale. The Group has also accrued costs in respect of licence fees and other 
services payable to Cognition Kit Limited of £25,000 (2020: £8,000) – this has been included in accruals. 

Transactions with Monument Therapeutics Limited 

Monument Therapeutics Limited was invested in November 2020. The Group has been providing short term 
funding for Monument Therapeutics Limited. At 31 December 2021 this amounted to £22,000 (2020: £21,000), 
and has been included within other receivables in note 17. The accumulated net cost incurred on behalf of 
Monument prior to the spin out was £49k. 

Remuneration of directors and key management personnel 

The remuneration of the key management personnel of the Group is set out below in aggregate for each of the 
categories  specified  in  IAS  24  Related  Party  Disclosures.  The  key  management  personnel  of  the  Group  at  31 
December 2021 consist of the Directors and five additional senior staff (2020: the Directors and five additional 
senior staff). 

Short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Termination benefits 
Share-based payments 

2021 
£'000 

1,402 
55 
30 
57 
1,544 

2020 
£'000 

1,190 
47 
- 
44 
1,281 

Payments in respect of each director are set out in the Remuneration Report. The audited section of that Report 
forms part of the financial statements. 

Other transactions 

In addition to the above, during 2021 the Group incurred consultancy fees of £2,000 (2020: £24,000) from MCR 
Holdings, a partnership of which Nicholas Walters is a partner and consultancy fees of £nil (2020: £22,394) from 
The Truffaldino Partnership, a company of which Steven Powell is a director. At 31 December 2021 a balance of 
£nil (2020: £2,418) was outstanding to MCR Holdings. 

54 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Parent Company statement of financial position 

Assets 

Non-current assets 

Investments  

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

Equity 

Share capital  

Share premium 

Retained earnings  

Total equity 

Notes 

At 31 December 
2021 

At 31 December 
2020 

£'000 

£’000 

2 

3 

4 

5 

555 

555 

3,997 

5,224 

506 

506 

8,738 

517 

9,221 

9,255 

9,776 

9,761 

443 

443 

312 

11,151 

(2,129) 

251 

251 

312 

11,151 

(1,953) 

9,333 

9,510 

Total liabilities and equity 

9,776 

9,761 

No profit and loss account is presented for Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc as provided by section 408 of the 
Companies Act 2006.  The Company’s loss after tax for the financial year was £208,000 (2020: profit £943,000). 

The financial statements of Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc on pages 54 to 57 were approved and authorised 
for issue by the Board on 13th May 2022 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Matthew Stork 
Chief Executive Officer

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Parent Company statement of changes in equity 

Balance at 1 January 2020 

Profit for the year 

Issue of new share capital 

Share issue costs 

Credit to equity of equity-settled share-
based payments 

Share 
capital 
£’000 
242 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
9,943 

Retained 
earnings 
£’000 
(2,964) 

- 

70 

- 
- 

- 

1,330 

(122) 
- 

943 

- 

- 

68 

Total 

£’000 
7,221 

943 

1,400 

(122) 

68 

Transactions with owners 

70 

1,208 

68 

1,346 

Balance at 1 January 2021 

312 

11,151 

(1,953) 

9,510 

Loss for the year 

Credit to equity of equity-settled 
share-based payments 

Transactions with owners 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(208) 

(208) 

31 

31 

31 

31 

Balance at 31 December 2021 

312 

11,151 

(2,130) 

9,333 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the Parent Company financial statements 

1. Significant accounting policies 

1.1 Basis of accounting 

The separate financial statements of the Company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2006. They 
have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention  and  in  accordance  with  applicable  United  Kingdom 
Accounting Standards and law. The Company has elected to use Financial Reporting Standard – ‘The Reduced 
Disclosure  Framework’  (FRS  101).  The  Company  has  taken  advantage  of  the  following  disclosure  exemptions 
afforded by FRS 101: 

o  Disclosure exemption allowing no cash flow statement or related notes to be presented 
o  Disclosure exemption allowing the Company not to disclose related party transactions when transactions 

are entered into wholly within the Group 

o  Disclosure exemption around Key Management Personnel compensation (though see note 27 of the Group 

accounts and the Directors’ Remuneration Report) 

o  Capital management disclosures (though see note 26 of the Group accounts) 
o  Disclosure exemption on the effect of future accounting standards 
o  Disclosure exemption on share-based payment information disclosures (IFRS 2), as this information has 

been presented for the Group in note 24 of the consolidated financial statements  

o  Disclosure exemption on financial instrument disclosures (IFRS 7) as this information has been presented 

for the Group in note 26 of the consolidated financial statements.   

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the 
year. The accounts are presented in Pounds Sterling (“£”), and to the nearest £1,000. 

1.2 Investments 

Fixed asset investments in subsidiaries are shown at cost less provision for impairment. The Company accounts 
for share options granted to the employees of subsidiary undertakings by recognising an increased investment 
in  the  subsidiary,  with  the  corresponding  credit  recognised  in  reserves.  The  Company  measures  other  equity 
investments  at  fair  value,  with  changes  in  fair  value  recognised  in  other  gains/(losses)  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income. 

1.3 Financial instruments 

The Company’s financial instruments accounting policy is as per the Group’s policy (see note 3.14). 

Additionally, with respect to intercompany loans, these are assessed for expected credit losses and provision is 
made where the recoverable value is less than the book value of the receivable. 

1.4 Going concern 

The Directors have assessed the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. As noted in the Strategic Review, 
the business has remained fully operational to date and order intake in 2021 was excellent.  

The Group has a base case forecast for the period to 30th June 2023 with a growth case and downside also 
being forecast. The base case is built on the current view of orders to be taken and the recognition of revenue 
and billing milestones associated with orders already taken. 

The base case shows strong performance, driven by existing orders and supports a positive and comfortable 
cash balance through the end of the going concern review period, with a positive outlook thereafter. The worst 
case also shows positive cash through the going concern review period and would allow for further expenditure 
modifications not yet budgeted. 

Whilst having proper regard to the continuing uncertainties brought by the pandemic, the Directors believe that 
the Group will remain a going concern for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accounts have been prepared 
on the going concern basis. 

1.5 Employee Benefit Trust 

Two Employee Benefit Trusts (EBTs) are maintained in order to facilitate the exercise of employee share options. 
Assets and shares of the EBTs are not consolidated into the Parent company.  

57 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cambridge Cognition Holdings plc 

Notes to the Parent Company financial statements 

2. Investments 

Cost and net book value 
At 1 January 2021 
Additions 
At 31 December 2021 

Investment  
£'000 

506 
49 
555 

During the year the company invested £49,000 in Monument Theraputics Limited. 

The investments at the end of the year were as follows: 

Name 

Cambridge Cognition Limited 

Monument Therapeutics Limited 

Country 
of 
Operation 
United 
Kingdom 

United 
Kingdom 

Proportion of 
Ownership and 
Voting Power Held 
100% 

Nature of Business 

Development and sale of 
computerised 
neuropsychological tests 

33% 

Digital phenotyping 

Other Group subsidiaries, all of which are owned indirectly through Cambridge Cognition Limited, are detailed 
in note 15 of the Group accounts. All subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated accounts. 

3. Trade and other receivables 

Amounts due from subsidiary undertaking 
Provision against amounts due from subsidiary undertaking 
Amounts due from associates 
Other receivables 

2021 
£’000 

3,990 
- 
- 
7 
3,997 

2020 
£'000 

8,696 
- 
21 
21 
8,738 

Of  the  amounts  due  from  subsidiary  undertakings,  £4.0m  (2020:£8.5m)  are  considered  a  long-term  loan  to 
Cambridge Cognition Limited, but are technically repayable on demand. The Company receives interest at a rate 
of 7.5% per annum on this amount. At 31 December 2021, it was considered that Cambridge Cognition Limited 
has the ability to repay the debt if it were called, and as such any impairment would be immaterial.  

4. Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Social security and other taxes 
Accruals 

5. Share capital 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£'000 

83 
20 
340 
443 

29 
21 
201 
251 

The details on the share capital of the Company are provided at note 20 to the Group’s accounts. 

6. Employment costs 

The only employees of the Company are the Directors. Payments in respect of each director are set out in the 
Remuneration Report. The audited section of that Report forms part of the financial statements. 

58