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Calian Group
Annual Report 2016

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FY2016 Annual Report · Calian Group
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Table of Contents

Our Core Purpose
We help the world communicate,
innovate, lead healthy lives,
and stay safe.

1

2

5

Chairman’s Letter

CEO’s Letter

Report on Operations

11 Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations

29 Management’s Statement of Responsibility

30 Independent Auditors’ Report

31 Consolidated Statements
of Financial Position

32 Consolidated Statements of Net Profit

33 Consolidated Statements
of Comprehensive Income

34 Consolidated Statements of Changes

in Equity

35 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

36 Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements

Chairman’s Letter

Stability through diversity focused on growth is the framework that led
Calian to unprecedented success in 2016. Revenues grew to the highest
levels in our Company’s history, while share price also increased and
dividend yields remained strong and stable.  

and  to  increase  shareholder  value.  I  remain
extremely  proud  of  Calian  and  of  the  great
achievements we have made in 2016.

“

Achieved  over  $250M  in  revenue  for  the
first time in the history of the company.

”

Kenneth Loeb

Chairman

Calian’s strength continues to lie in our leadership
team, and the strategic execution of our four-pillar
growth  strategy  –  customer  retention,  customer
line  evolution  and
diversification,  service 
continuous improvement. As a result of this strat-
egy,  we  offer  our  shareholders  unique  access  to
both  domestic  and  global  markets  through  five
diverse and distinctive service lines. There is great
momentum at Calian – our team is working hard,
and results of this targeted effort are evident.

Calian  is  committed  to  evolving  our  leadership
team  to  reflect  our  growing  business.  This  year,
we  announced  the  appointment  of  Jo-Anne
Poirier  to  the  Board  of  Directors.  Ms.  Poirier
brings  more 
than  35  years  of  executive
leadership,  and  is  currently  the  President  and
Chief Executive Officer of The Victorian Order of
Nurses (VON) Canada. She offers immense value
and  insight  to  the  Company  as  we  look  toward
the future. 

With the completion of Kevin Ford’s first full year
as  Calian’s  CEO,  the  Board  of  Directors  is
enthused by his vision and passion for the growth
and  direction  of  the  Company.  The  Board  of
Directors  continues  to  be  confident  in  manage-
ment’s ability to execute Calian’s growth strategy

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

1

Calian’s Four Pillar Growth Strategy

CEO’s Letter

To our shareholders,

The opening of the Toronto Stock
Exchange earlier this year marked
more than just the rebrand to
Calian Group Ltd. (formerly Calian
Technologies Ltd.). It marked the
beginning of a new era for our
Company; an era where our
corporate brand now aligns to the
diverse nature of our services.   

With  revenues  of  $275  million  we  surpassed  the
$250  million  level  for  the  first  time  in  our
Company’s  history.  We  increased  cash  earnings
by $4.8 million with EBITDA results of $22 million.
Year-over-year, this is an increase of 28%.

Discretionary  operating  expenses  continued  to
be  managed,  ending  the  year  with  earnings  of
$1.83  per  share  a  37%  improvement  over  the
prior  year  when  earnings  per  share  was  $1.33.
Factoring in amortized costs as a result of recent
acquisitions,  adjusted  earnings  was  $1.92  per
share. With strong cash flows and cash position,
the quarterly dividend remained strong at $1.12
per share. Calian is very proud of the fact that a
positive  rate  of  return  was  maintained  at  an
attractive  yield,  returning  to  our  shareholders
$8.3 million through dividends this year.

We  also  invested  in  telling  Calian’s  story  -
sharing  with  the  world  the  many  attributes  that
make  Calian  such  a  stable  force  in  an  often
volatile  marketplace.  A 
few  highlights  of
increased public relations efforts included being
named  in  the  top  third  of  the  Globe  and  Mail’s
1000 largest publically traded Canadian corpora-
tions list, being listed on several occasions as a
top small cap ‘stock to watch’ by the Globe and
Mail,  and  appearing  on  BNN  Television  to
discuss  our  growth  and  vision.  We  also
increased our social media presence, launched a
new website that is easier to navigate and more
clearly articulates our Company's vision, and we
enhanced our physical presence at trade shows
of strategic importance. 

“

Kevin Ford
President and CEO, Calian Group

We continued to achieve
stability through diversity,
witnessing unprecedented
growth and momentum for
Calian. This resulted in the
highest revenues in Calian’s
history with now over
60 consecutive profitable
quarters. 

”

2

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

$ 275M

REVENUE
(13% GROWTH)

team 

leadership 

Our 
remains
steadfastly  focused  on  customer
satisfaction,  while  continually
assessing and pursuing opportuni-
ties  for  growth.  All  of  our  service
lines  have  experienced  strong
sales  having  signed  over  $321
million  in  new  contracts,  renewals
and extensions. Just one example
is  the  continuation  of  a  20+  year
relationship  with  the  Department  of  National
Defence for the provision of a range of services –
health  services,  military  training,  and  systems
and  engineering support. 

growth  and  prosperity.  Looking
ahead,  we  remain  driven  by  our
vision  to  be  the  most  desirable
Canadian company to work for, buy
from, and invest in. 

In  order  to  effectively  manage  our
diverse  offerings  and  provide
management  capacity  and  focus,
Calian  operates  in  two  reportable
segments:  the  Systems  Engineering  Division
(SED), and the Business and Technology Services
(BTS) Division, which are defined by primary types
of service offerings.

Calian  continues  to  invest  in  each  of  our  service
lines to ensure all are well-positioned for long-term

“

Shares continued to yield strong dividends, while we saw the
highest recorded revenue in Calian’s history, with numerous
factors resulting in a strong increase in our share price.

”

Opening of TSX, April 2016

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

3

 
Stability through Diversity

The  diversity  of  our  operating  model  is  at  the  heart  of  our
success. Through this diversity comes stability. By serving a
number  of  customers  in  wide  ranging  and  geographically
varied  markets,  we  capitalize  on  unique  opportunities  and
upturns  in  a  number  of  markets  while  at  the  same  time
weathering the downturns experienced in others.

4

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Report on Operations

Systems Engineering Division

Calian’s SED division is a

global leader in

Engineering and Manufacturing 
for the satellite, aerospace and
defence industries 

Our Systems Engineering Division’s (SED) excep-
tional  work  in  2016  garnered  attention  and
accolades,  both  at  trade  shows,  through  media
coverage,  and  by  the  achievement  of  the
‘Exceptional  Engineering  /  Geoscience  Project
Award’  from  the  Association  of  Professional
Engineering and Geoscientists of Saskatchewan
for  our  involvement  in  the  European  Space
Agency’s  Rosetta  Mission.    This
award  is  the  culmination  of  over  10
years  of  SED’s  involvement  in  the
Rosetta  mission  to  rendezvous  with
a comet. 

We  remained  committed  to  quality
and customer satisfaction in 2016 by
sustaining  our  ISO  9001  quality
management  certification  and  by
maintaining  our  reputation  of  being
good  stewards  of  the  environment
with  our  recycling  programs  and
lead-free  manufacturing  capabilities
in  compliance  with  Restriction  of
Hazardous Substances (RoHS) standards.

this  year 

contracts and renewals for software gateway and
planning systems to customers such as Inmarsat,
Star  One,  SiriusXM  and  Nav  Canada.  Other  key
contracts  this  year  included  the  provision  of
in-orbit  test  and  carrier  monitoring  systems,  and
recurring  product  sales,  including  the  division’s
spectrum  analyser  and  modulator  product  lines,
which  provided  excellent  contribution  to  the
bottom  line.  New  product  develop-
ment 
the
introduction  of  three  new  test  and
measurement  products  as  well  as  a
strategic  partnership  with  industry
giant  Xilinx,  the  world’s  leading
provider of programmable field gate
arrays  (FPGAs),  and  3D  integrated
circuits (ICs) for the development of
key  Data  Over  Cable  Service
Interface  Specifications  (DOCSIS)
3.1  remote  physical  layer  interface
technologies  which  enables  higher
throughput  applications  over  cable
networks. 

included 

Calian’s Deep Space
Antenna – Spain

SED’s  systems  engineering  service  line  had  a
very strong year with solid revenues from its radio
frequency  (RF)  system  projects.  The  division
oversaw over 15 RF system installations globally
for  customers  including  Inmarsat,  Cobham  and
Raytheon.  We  were  also  awarded  several  new

SED’s  relationship  with  the  Canadian  Space
Agency thrived in 2016, with a contract renewal to
provide  the  agency  with  satellite  operations
support  services.  We  continue  to  be  immensely
proud  of  our  23-year  relationship  with  the
Canadian Space Agency, which has fostered the
evolution of Canada’s capability in low-earth orbit

17%

REVENUE
GROWTH

16%

EBIT
GROWTH

$72M

BACKLOG

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

5

satellite  operations,  with  an  enviable  record  of
achievement in maximizing the useful life of sup-
ported missions. 

The  Division’s  manufacturing  group  revenues
continued at a steady pace, with manufacturing
of  electronic  circuit  boards,  control  boxes  and
cable  assemblies  for  a  number  of  new,  existing
and long-term customers. The group saw growth
in  contract  manufacturing  for  the  agricultural
sector, taking advantage of its close proximity to
industry participants. Contracts with long stand-
ing  defence  customers  General  Dynamics  Land
Systems (GDLS) and Kidde Dual Spectrum (KDS)
resulted  in  revenues  of  $4.5  million.  These  cus-
tomers are excellent examples of the continued
trust our customers have in our high quality man-
ufacturing services. 

In summary, it was a great year for SED. Overall,
these  accomplishments  yielded  a  divisional
contribution  of  $11.6  million  on  revenues  of
$82  million,  which  represents  17%  growth  from
the previous year. 

Looking  to  2017,  we  continue  to  strategically
position ourselves in adjacent markets and invest
in  new  products  to  increase  our  competitive
position  and  grow  value  for  our  shareholders.  An
example  of  this  innovation  is  our  newly  formed
subsidiary,  SED  Research  Inc.,  which  we  have
established to conduct research and development
on  the  next  generation  of  satellite  technologies.
The future of Calian’s SED is strong and focused,
as  we  remain  committed  to  executing  across  all
segments of our four-pillar growth strategy.

The division oversaw over 15 RF system installations for customers including Inmarsat,
Cobham and Raytheon.

6

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

BTS Division

Calian’s BTS division is a leading professional services
organization, providing solutions in 

Healthcare, Training,
Engineering, and
Information Technology.

The  Business  and  Technology  Services  (BTS)
Division  continued  to  reap  the  benefits  of  our
strategic  reorganization  completed  last  fiscal
year, which allowed our executive team the ability
to  delve  deeper  into  our  service  offerings.  This
focused approach to growth yielded    impressive
results  for  BTS,  with  a  reported  revenue  growth
of 12% to $192 million, and a divisional contribu-
tion of $9.8 million.

The motivation and hard work by our executive team
to implement these changes has certainly paid off.
This year, BTS was recognized with a Gold Level cer-
tification in the Excellence, Innovation and Wellness
(EIW) Standard of Excellence Canada. We are partic-
ularly  proud  of  this  prestigious  achievement,  and
believe  it  to  be  a  strong  testament  to  our
commitment to quality service delivery.

Health Services

Great strides were made in our journey to be one
of Canada’s largest national health organizations.
longstanding  Health  Services  Support
The 
Contract  with  the  Department  of  National
Defence  (DND)  was  extended  for  a  further
12-month period, with a new completion date of
March  31,  2018.  The  extended  contract  term

increased the existing ceiling value by $75 million,
and  our  performance  continues  to  be  rated  as
superior by DND in the delivery of the contract. 

The  Calian  Military  Family  Doctor  Network
(MFDN), which helps to connect family members
of  serving  military  members  with  a  family
physician  in  our  Primacy  clinic  network,  was
launched  in  2016.  The  program  leverages  the
more  than  400  family  physicians  located  in  over
140 Primacy clinics across Canada. The MFDN is
now operational in 8 regions nation-wide and has
already  served  over  300  patients  in  more  than
140  military  families,  with  plans  for  continued
expansion  over  the  course  of  FY  2017.  We  are
immensely proud of this program and the support
that  it  provides  to  the  families  of  serving
military members. 

Through  our  involvement  with  the  Canadian
Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research
(CIMVHR), we are also proud to have provided Dr.
Birtwhistle  and  the  Canadian  Primary  Care
Sentinel  Surveillance  Network  (CPCSSN)  with  a
research grant of $105,000 in support of the first
pan-Canadian  electronic  medical  record  surveil-
lance system targeting evidence informed care for
military families and veterans. 

12%

REVENUE
GROWTH

79%

EBIT
GROWTH

$416M

BACKLOG

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

7

In  our  drive  to  continue  to  diversify  our  health
customer  base,  correctional  services  offers  an
area  of  growth  and  momentum  at  the  federal,
provincial  and  municipal  levels  of  government.
Contracts recently awarded include the provision
of a variety of health services to Canada Border
Services  Agency  (at  their  Immigration  Holding
Centre in Toronto, ON) and to a number of facili-
ties  across  Canada  under  the  purview  of
Correctional Services Canada (federal), for serv-
ices  at  the  Toronto  South  Detention  Centre  and
the Southwest Detention Centre in Windsor, ON,
(provincial);  and  to  the  City  of  Surrey,  BC
(municipal)  for  services  at  the  local  RCMP
detention centre. 

Training Services

Calian’s  Training  Services  line  saw  significant
year-over-year  growth  in  2016.  A  number  of
strategic contracts were secured reinforcing our
leadership  position  in  the  provision  of  training
in  the
services,  with  a  growing  footprint 
emergency  management  sector.  Of  particular
note,  was  the  Emergency  Management  British
Columbia 
(EMBC)  contract,  where  Calian
facilitated in the design and execution of an exer-
cise  to  test  the  province’s  new  ‘Earthquake
Immediate  Response  Plan’  that  included  more
than 880 personnel from 65 different agencies. 

The  contract  with  Bruce  Power  to  design,  develop
and  support  their  corporate  emergency  prepared-
ness  exercises  was  also  renewed,  building  on  a
successful  multi-year  relationship.  Along  with
nuclear  subject-matter  expertise    partners,  we  will
continue to assist Bruce Power in the development
and  implementation  of  a  demanding  and  sophisti-
cated  two-year  training,  education  and  exercise
cycle. Other emergency management training con-
tracts were won, including airports, federal agencies
and provincial and municipal governments. 

for  e-Learning  services  at 

The  Department  of  National  Defence  continues
to  be  a  primary  customer  for  Training  Services.
Several training contracts were secured in 2016;
totalling  over  $125  million.  These  included  new
contracts 
the
Canadian Forces School of Communications and
Electronics,  and  with  the  Directorate  of  General
Safety  to  provide  basic  and  advanced  general
safety  training.  Contract  renewals  were  secured
with  the  Army  Learning  Support  Centre;  the
Canadian  Forces  School  of  Aerospace
Technology  and  Engineering;  the  Royal  Military
College  of  Canada, 
  the  Royal  Canadian
Electrical and Mechanical Engineers School; and
a  contract  renewal/expansion  in  support  of  a
broad  range  of  training  services  to  Military
Personnel  Generation  (formerly  the  Canadian
Defence Academy).

The Calian Military Family Doctor
Network (MFDN) which launched in
January 2016 helps connect
military family members with a
family physician through our
Primacy clinic network.

MFDN is now operational in
11 regions nation-wide and has
already served over 300 patients
in more than 140 military families.

8

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

These are just a few examples of the many wins
and  renewals  and  the  excellent  work  that  our
training team continues to execute in support of
our customer retention strategy. 

Amtek managed by this service line, was acquired
in  2014.  This  acquisition  further  expanded our
engineering support capabilities and continued to
contribute  positively  in  2016.  Amtek  specializes
in  providing  a  full-spectrum  of  engineering  and
technical services to the Department of National
Defence and other government departments and
had a strong year in securing new contracts.

IT Professional Services  

Calian’s  IT  Professional  Services  (ITPS)  line
experienced unprecedented growth in 2016. The
ITPS  Innovation  portfolio  helped  to  fuel  this
growth  with  expansion  in  IT  Security  Services
and  more  complex  enterprise  class  system
integration projects.

Several new projects were integral to this growth,
including a major eTime contract win with the City
of  Toronto,  worth  $11  million.  The  eTime  project
consisted of three components: a city-wide ‘Time
and  Attendance’  solution  (SAP  CATS)  for  35,000
employees,  a  complex  scheduling  solution
(Kronos  Telestaff,  and  Workforce  Scheduler)  for
4,000  employees,  and  SAP  modernization

deploying  a  more  standardized  SAP  Time
Management and Payroll solution city-wide. Final
delivery of the project is scheduled for completion
in  early  FY2017.  This  project  has  already  gained
significant recognition from senior officials at the
City  of  Toronto  who  referred  to  the  project  as  a
‘showcase’ at a recent industry event. 

Calian’s  presence  in  the  ICT  sector  grew  as  we
continued to work closely with customers in this
sector.  As  a  trusted  advisor  and  partner  of
Ericsson,  Calian  worked  to  design,  implement
and  operate  an  Engineering  Support  Service
Desk in their new 250,000 square foot Research
and  Development  Centre  in  Montreal.  This
Service  Desk  supports  Ericsson’s  engineering
efforts worldwide.

We  continue  to  reap  the  benefits  of  our  2014
acquisition  of  a  cyber  security  services  firm
known as DWP Solutions, and with the addition
of  a  cyber  security  service  practice  leader,  we
have  secured  two  strategic  fixed-price  wins  in
Q4 in support of our innovation agenda. Through
his  strategic  direction,  the  ITPS  team  has  also
established  reseller  arrangements  with  key
cyber  product  companies;  all  creating  a  strong
foundation  from  which  to  continue  to  expand
our cyber practice.

In 2016, Calian’s Training Services line secured a
number of strategic contracts reinforcing our
leadership position in the provision of training
services, with a growing footprint in the emer-
gency management sector.

Calian’s IT Professional Services (ITPS) line
experienced unprecedented growth in 2016 with
the Innovation portfolio having helped to fuel this
growth into IT Security Services and complex
enterprise class system integration project.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

9

In Summary

The  impact  of  Calian’s  growth  strategy  was
evident  in  2016.  Our  divisions  and  service  lines
remained  focused  on  a  common  strategic
framework that saw the retention of long-standing
customers coupled with the engagement of many
new customers, and the evolution of our service
lines;  laying  a  solid  foundation  from  which  to
launch into 2017. With renaming the corporation
to  Calian  Group  Ltd.,  we  have  aligned  our
corporate  brand  to  our  diverse  services  of
the Company.

Shares continued to yield strong dividends, while
we saw the highest recorded revenue in Calian’s
history,  with  numerous  factors  resulting  in  a
strong increase in our share price. 

This upcoming year will be Calian’s 35th year in
business. We are proud of our accomplishments
and  believe  the  future  is  bright  for  Calian.  Our
Company 
innovative,  proudly  Canadian,
backed by strong leadership with a unified vision
and poised for long-term success.

is 

Kevin Ford

CEO

Jacqueline Gauthier

Chief Financial Officer

Patrick Thera

VP and General Manager,
Systems Engineering

60+

CONSECUTIVE
PROFITABLE
QUARTERS

10

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management Discussion and Analysis is dated December 2, 2016 and should be read in conjunction with
the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  and  notes  included  in  this  annual  report.  The  Company’s  accounting
policies  are  in  accordance  with  IFRS.  As  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  all  dollar  amounts  in  this
Management Discussion and Analysis are expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted.  

This MD&A is the responsibility of management and has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors
of the Company. This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Canadian Securities
Administrators. The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfills its responsibilities
for  financial  reporting  and  is  ultimately  responsible  for  reviewing  and  approving  the  MD&A.  The  Board  of
Directors carries out this responsibility principally through its Audit Committee.

IFRS and non-GAAP measures: 

This MD&A contains both IFRS and non-GAAP measures. Non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled to
the most comparable IFRS measure.

Forward Looking Statements 
The Company cautions that the forward-looking statements in the following Management Discussion and Analysis are
based  on  certain  assumptions  made  by  the  Company  that  may  prove  to  be  inaccurate.  Forward-looking  statements
include  those  identified  by  the  expressions  “anticipate,”  “believe,”  “plan,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “intend”  and  similar
expressions to the extent that they relate to the Company or its management. These forward-looking statements are not
historical  facts,  but  reflect  the  Company’s  current  expectations  and  assumptions  regarding  future  results  or  events.
Assumptions  made  include  customer  demand  for  the  Company’s  services,  the  Company’s  ability  to  maintain  and
enhance  customer  relationships,  as  well  as  the  Company’s  ability  to  bring  to  market  its  services.  Furthermore,  the
Company  cautions  that  the  forward-looking    statements  in  the  following  Management  Discussion  and  Analysis  are
based  on  current  expectations  as  at  December  2,  2016  that  are  subject  to  change  and  to  risks  and  uncertainties
including those set out in this document under the heading “Risk Factors”. Actual results may differ due to facts such
as  customer  demand,  customer  relationships,  new  service  offerings,  delivery  schedules,  revenue  mix,  competition,
pricing pressure, foreign currency fluctuations and uncertainty in the markets in which the Company conducts business.
Additional  information  identifying  risks  and  uncertainties  is  contained  in  the  Company’s  filings  with  the  various
provincial securities regulators. Readers should not place undue reliance in the Company’s forward-looking statements.

Business Overview and Strategic Direction
Calian is a diverse company. For over 30 years, the company has evolved into an organization that has consistently
demonstrated the ability to manage numerous profitable service offerings while earning a high level of customer satis-
faction. Our DNA allows us to manage this complexity, and to successfully deliver in domestic and global markets. 

Calian’s primary services offerings are:

• Systems Engineering
• Contract Manufacturing
• Health Services
• Training Services
• IT Professional Services

While  our  services  are  diverse,  our  growth  strategy  is  anchored  in  a  common  four  pillar  framework.  Our  four  pillar
growth strategy is as follows: 

• Customer retention: through continued delivery excellence, maintain a valued relationship with current customer base;

• Customer diversification:  through increasing the percentage of revenues derived from new business in adjacent

and non-government markets, balance customer revenue into numerous global and domestic sectors;

• Service Line Evolution: continue investment in service offerings to increase differentiation and improve gross

margin attainment;

• Continuous Improvement:  leverage innovation to improve how the Company operates with a goal to streamline

processes and provide for a scalable back office support capability.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

11

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In order to effectively manage our diverse offerings and provide management capacity and focus, we operate in two
reportable  segments,  the  Systems  Engineering  Division  (SED),  and  the  Business  and  Technology  Services  Division
(BTS) defined by primary types of service offerings.

The diversity of this operating model is at the heart of our success.  By serving a number of customers in wide ranging
and geographically varied markets, we capitalize on unique opportunities and upturns in a number of markets while at
the same time weathering the downturns experienced in others. This diversity is most evident when comparing the
business and operating models of the two divisions.

SED

BTS

Markets Served

Engineering and
Manufacturing 

Health, Training, Engineering 
and IT Professional Services

Contracting Model

Mostly Fixed Price 

Mostly Cost Plus

Customer Base

Domestic & International  Domestic

Quality Initiatives

ISO 

Risk Profile

Workforce

High Risk 

300

Excellence Canada 

Low to Medium Risk

2400

Overall,  the  diversity  in  markets,  customers  and  business  models  provides  Calian  with  an  enviable  balance  in  our
consolidated business.

Of note, as both of our divisions operate in very specific niche areas within large markets, there exists very little third
party  data  to  compare  to  the  Company's  performance.    Although  referring  to  general  market  trends  provides  some
insight into the health of those markets and some clarity on the opportunities within those markets, it is not always
indicative of the health, demand, and funding of the individual customers of the Company.  In order to compensate for
this limited insight, and to provide an indication of revenue potential, this annual report provides a detailed overview of
the Company's backlog by division showing both contracted backlog and option renewals by fiscal year. In addition,
the following discussion that refers to the type of contracts performed by each of the two divisions will provide some
insight into the level of customer specific demand for our services.

Calian’s System Engineering Division
Calian's SED division, located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, designs and manufactures complex systems for satellite
manufacturers and operators, and also provides satellite operations services to government and commercial clients.
Additionally, the division provides low to medium volume high-end manufacturing in the defence/security and telecom-
munication  industries.  In  both  markets,  SED  serves  a  handful  of  multi-national  organizations  working  on  large
worldwide projects, where more than 60% of our annual revenues are derived from exports.  We now have systems
operating  on  six  continents,  and  we  are  well  versed  in  the  logistics  associated  with  international  installations.  The
division is committed to quality as evidenced by our ISO 9001:2008 certification.

Our customers require sophisticated, custom-built  ground-based infrastructures, and our approach is to fulfill these
requirements  by  integrating  advanced  internally  and  externally  manufactured  commercial  equipment  and  products,
and  where  necessary,  custom-built  components.  We  maintain  a  core  set  of  reusable  designs,  components  and
products to reduce development time, costs and technical risks, which increases our competitive advantage. Our core
competencies  in  project  management,  systems  engineering,  and  high-throughput  embedded  logic  and  software
development capabilities have allowed us to establish long-term relationships with many industry leaders. Our contract
manufacturing capabilities account for a substantial portion of divisional revenues and provide an on-going base of
business that helps offset the ebb and flow of core project work. The value added by our technical expertise and  our
focus  on  high-reliability,  low-volume    production  of  complex  systems  to  military  prime  contractors  and  equipment
suppliers differentiate our services from those of our competitors.

12

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Contracts  in  Systems  Engineering  are  technically  complex,  and  are  typically  on  a  fixed-price  basis  with  demanding
requirements to meet delivery schedules. Billings are based on achieving well defined milestones, and these can be in
advance of, or subsequent to the recognition of revenues. Accordingly, cash flows and working capital requirements
can vary significantly from project to project, and over the life of any one project.  While the risks are high, the margins
are commensurate with the risk.

In 2016, SED continued to perform well, increasing both its revenue and profitability. The divisional revenues grew by
17% over the previous year and SED signed $94 million in new contracts, ending the year with a backlog of $72 million
of which $40 million is expected to be earned in fiscal 2017. SED maintained its record for on-time delivery of complex
technical solutions keeping customer satisfaction levels high.  The successful projects completed this year will lay the
ground work for repeat business in the future. The following provides a summary of 2016 results across the division’s
primary service lines.

CALIAN System Engineering Services

The  majority  of  the  systems  engineering  work  during  the  year  came  from  Hughes  and  Inmarsat,  where  Calian
provided  them  with  RF  ground  systems  as  they  expanded  their  satellite  networks.  Additional  RF  systems  work
continued  on  Wide-Area  Augmentation  Systems  to  assist  aeronautical  navigation.  Communications  systems  work
included the development of a precursor system for the European IRIS aeronautical communications standard as well
as  network  capacity  planning  systems  for  Star  One  and  Inmarsat.  Sirius/XM  continued  to  procure  network
enhancements from us to improve their digital satellite radio service offerings. 

Our  Canadian  Space  Agency  (CSA)  satellite  operations  team  continued  supporting  Canadian  earth  observation
missions  with  our  current  team  size.  SED  continues  to  host  and  maintain  the  RF  systems  for  Ligado,  formerly
LightSquared, as well as Ciel. We continue our growth strategy with the provision and hosting of satellite beacon trans-
mission stations for Hughes in northern Canada. 

SED’s  communications  product  sales  group  continued  with  strong  recurring  sales  of  its  test  and  measurement
products, three of which are sold by Rhode & Schwarz under their brand name. SED undertook two additional product
developments for Rhode & Schwarz which will add to product sales in the future. Steady sales of SED's Decimator
spectrum  analyser  product  continued  to  provide  strong  margins.  SED  continued  its  DOCSIS  3.1  IP  Cores  product
development  in  partnership  with  Xilinx  with  the  goal  of  producing  more  products  and  intellectual  property  cores  to
increase sales to cable network manufacturers and operators. Additionally, SED continued its research activities into
technology to support higher satellite frequency ranges. SED's current intellectual property developments have led to
two  patent  applications.  The  growing  pool  of  products  and  intellectual  property  rights  will  provide  significant
opportunities moving forward.

CALIAN Contract Manufacturing Services

Business  continued  at  a  steady  pace  for  SED’s  commercial  and  defence  manufacturing  line  as  we  continued  to
produce modules and cable assemblies for Textron, General Dynamics Land Systems Canada and KIDDE.  SED con-
tinues to take advantage of its investment in the new surface mount technology line and continuous improvement of
manufacturing processes to maintain its competitiveness. The situation for defence sales remains volatile due to con-
straints on Canadian and US military spending but we countered this volatility through our commercial manufacturing
business, gaining a foothold as new agriculture electronics customers like BitStrata and iGrain continued to procure
the manufacture of new boards and assemblies.

The  markets  in  which  SED  operates  are  currently  stable  and  we  expect  new  opportunities  to  arise.  The  continued
volatility of the Canadian dollar will also affect our competitive position in international markets.  While competition can
place  considerable  pressure  on  margins  in  all  market  sectors,  our  communications  product  business  countered  this
through standalone product sales as well as by complementing our systems sales. Continued investment in products
will enhance future sales and increase margins. New opportunities exist in the communications systems market as new
entrants look to deploy novel satellite communication networks, and existing players look to evolve their networks.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

13

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Calian’s Business and Technology Services Division
Calian's BTS division, with our principal office in Ottawa, Ontario, is a leading professional services organization, pro-
viding management of projects, facilities, and consultants in Healthcare, Training and Engineering, and IT Professional
Services.  BTS  is  a  continuous  improvement  organization,  is  a  founding  partner  of  Excellence  Canada,  and  is
accredited to Excellence Canada’s Excellence, Innovation and Wellness Gold Level award.

Contracts  in  Business  and  Technology  Services  are  typically  on  a  per-diem  basis,  and  can  range  from  short-term
assignments  to  multi-year  outsourcing  contracts.  Our  core  competencies,  common  across  all  service  lines,  are
recruiting and project, contract and workforce management. Each of these competencies is aligned to each service
line in the areas of:

• Health – clinic management, occupational health services, clinician services;

• Training  – training development and training delivery in the areas of emergency preparedness, trades training, simulation-

based training, and career development leveraging eLearning and instructor led training delivery methods; 

• IT – cyber and security, enterprise resource planning and general IT technologies. 

The  vast  majority  of  revenues  are  derived  from  Canadian  sources  in  the  public  and  private  sectors.  With  a  large
presence  in  the  Department  of  National  Defence,  we  have  been  successful  in  our  diversification  strategy,  and  have
developed  a  well-established  private  sector  customer  base  across  oil  and  gas,  nuclear  and  numerous  others.  For
example, our health services line includes the administration on behalf of Loblaw of over 140 medical clinics across
Canada, as well as the provision of healthcare services to customers through our own managed clinics.

The cost structure of the division is variable as direct labour costs are scalable to match contract requirements. Cash
flows are very predictable as the division enjoys the benefit of multi-year contracts that often contain provisions for
extensions,  offering  long-term  visibility  of  future  revenues,  and  most  contracts  call  for  monthly  billing  of  work  per-
formed. Revenue is also generated via direct billing to provincial healthcare organizations through health clinics in the
health services portfolio. With a reduced risk profile, margins are correspondingly lower.

Revenue growth from new opportunities will be largely dependent on the issuance of the initial proposal request and the
ultimate  timing  of  the  related  contract  award.  With  a  significant  portion  of  BTS’  contracts,  specifically  in  the  training
services line, being renewed in 2016, the division will continue to focus on ensuring appropriate effort is expended to
increase its win odds for key renewals. Calian's historical high renewal win rate combined with its win  strategy provides
management confidence in its ability to successfully remain the customer’s preferred choice.

While  federal  government  spending  priorities  fluctuate,  profitable  business  does  exist  for  companies  who  have  the
financial strength to accommodate slowdowns in government spending, and the discipline to adjust costs to declines
in revenue. BTS' strong back office capabilities, centered on an SAP based management information system along with
our emphasis on continuous improvement and business development, ensures that it is able to identify and win new
business opportunities and accommodate that new business in a scalable fashion.

Overall, the business environment for the BTS division is stable. The division made progress in 2016 in many areas in
all of our service lines. We continue to be very successful in managing existing contracts, and we have maintained high
quality and client satisfaction levels. As a result, the division renewed 5 major contracts this year representing a 100%
win rate of the contracts up for re-compete.

At a consolidated level, with our focus on the evolution of services and diversification of our customer base, contract
wins with new customers have allowed us to penetrate certain market segments previously not available to Calian.  The
realization of organic growth across all service lines combined with seed wins in new market areas allowed the division
to report revenue growth of 12%. In 2016, we also signed $227 million in contracts and ended the year with a backlog
of $416 million of which $168 million is expected to be earned during fiscal 2017.

The following provides a summary of 2016 results across the division's primary service lines.

14

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CALIAN Health Services

Our  goal  is  to  be  one  of  the  largest  national  health  services  organizations  in  Canada,  and  this  year  there  has  been
progress in achieving this goal. Calian's main health service contract, the DND Health Service Support Contract, con-
tinues to be successful, and with the latest option period exercised by the customer, revenues are secured through to
March 2018. We continue to be rated superior by our DND customer in the delivery of the contract.  In supporting DND
for over 11 years in 32 bases across Canada with over 60 healthcare practitioner categories, we have developed an
extensive national healthcare practitioner network.  We continue to focus on expanding our footprint in the healthcare
market. With the acquisition of Primacy in 2012, the Med-Team Clinic in 2014, the opening of an occupational health
clinic in Fort McKay, Alberta in 2015 and an $11 million contract in the oil and gas industry, combined with strategic
wins in other areas of healthcare, the division made solid progress with our strategic goals to leverage our national
medical practitioner network and expand our health service offerings to a broader range of clients. We are also growing
our footprint in correctional facilities, a new customer segment to the division, with wins in Surrey, British Columbia,
Toronto, Ontario and smaller wins with the Federal Government. Primacy continued to run strong this year currently
operating  over  140  clinics  across  Canada.  In  addition,  by  leveraging  the  Primacy  clinics,  we  are  very  proud  of  the
progress  made  this  year  working  with  DND  to  provide  access  for  military  families  to  medical  services,  and  we
continue to roll out this program nationally with 8 locations now live.

CALIAN ITPS services

Our  IT  Professional  Services  (ITPS)  line  also  made  some  significant  strides  with  a  goal  to  evolve  service  offerings.
During  2015,  ITPS  was  awarded  an  $11  million  contract  with  the  City  of  Toronto  to  provide  a  time  and  attendance
solution. The project is progressing well with significant milestones completed on time and on budget. This solution
based    win    provides    Calian    the    opportunity    to    further    evolve    ITPS  away    from    strictly    staff  augmentation
contracts. With the acquisition of DWP Solutions in 2014, a security and cyber services company, and our recent hire
of  a  Cyber  solutions  practice  lead,  ITPS  continues  to  leverage  this  experience  and  background  to  expand  our
capability in this high-demand market. In addition to securing two small fixed-price wins in Q4 that support our goal to
become  a  solution-based  cyber  security  provider,  we  have  also  expanded  our  cyber  security  product  resale  for
customers including relationships with Tripwire, Fortinet and Cylance. In the ICT sector, we continue to build upon our
subject  matter  expertise  through  the  delivery  of  a  worldwide  Engineering  Support  Service  Desk.  The  federal
government’s  recent  spending  patterns  have  also  helped  the  ITPS  service  line  increase  its  presence,  including  an
Information Technology Service Management Support Services contract win with the Department of National Defence.
However, we continue to experience a very competitive environment, and increased pressure on margins within the
federal government. To offset this trend, ITPS continues to grow its customer base outside the Federal Government to
target different market areas such as telecommunications where we achieved our largest revenue in this sector this
year. Focus on the evolution of IT services to project and solution based business remains a key priority. 

CALIAN Training Services

Our training contracts continue to represent a solid base of revenues. In 2016, we experienced an increase in training
demand from our main customer, the Department of National Defence, and were successful in our customer retention
focus with the re-win of contracts with long-time customers including the Army Learning Support Center (ALSC), the
Military Personnel Generation School, the Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers School (RCEME), the
Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) and the Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering
(CFSATE).  We  have  diversified  our  customer  base  by  successfully  securing  various  seed  contracts  with  Emergency
Management British Columbia, Olds College, the National Research Council and the Vancouver Airport. We have also
built on our existing experience in the nuclear sector, winning two new contracts with Bruce Power. These contracts
solidify our training relationship with a major nuclear organization, and serve as a platform to expand our emergency
response  preparedness  training  service  offering.  We  have  successfully  integrated  Amtek,  with  the  acquisition  com-
pleted in 2014, and continue to further expand our engineering support capabilities. Amtek specializes in providing the
full-spectrum of engineering and technical services supporting DND and other government departments. In addition,
we increased marketing efforts this year to raise our profile on our services offering. For example, thought leaders from
the service line spoke at two conferences, and we raised our profile through conference advertising at targeted cus-
tomer events. These combined with our web site re-design promote Calian as a premier training company.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

15

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In summary, 2016 was a year where Calian sustained our double digit growth posture; both divisions grew revenue
with significant improvements in EBITDA and earnings.  As importantly, we made tangible progress in the execution of
our long term strategy. The company enters 2017 with a strong backlog of work and a reasonable expectation of future
prospects.  In  the  coming  year,  we  are  expecting  stability  on  our  existing  contracts,  and  positive  results  from
investments made in research and development and sales resources. We continue to increase our investment in the
marketing function with a focus on proactive social media engagement and targeted marketing campaigns in support
of all service lines.

Calian  is  a  diverse  company  which  has  consistently  demonstrated  the  ability  to  manage  this  diversity  and  provide
excellent returns for our shareholders. Under the framework of a common strategy, each segment of the company has
the  ability,  capacity  and  management  focus  to  control  and  manage  their  respective  business  segment.  We  are  an
innovative company, proudly Canadian, and are focused on sustaining our positive momentum in 2017.

Backlog
The Company’s backlog at September 30, 2016 was $488 million with terms extending to fiscal 2021. This compares
to  $442  million  reported  at  September  30,  2015.  Contracted  Backlog  represents  maximum  potential  revenues
remaining to be earned on signed contracts, whereas Option Renewals represent customers’ options to further extend
existing contracts under similar terms and conditions.

During 2016 the following contracts were the major contributors to the Company’s backlog. These contracts are further
described in the business overview section of this Management Discussion and Analysis.

• $75 million extension of the Health Services Contract with DND
• $35 million contract with DND for research assistance services to its Royal Military College of Canada
• $35 million contract with DND for training services for its Canadian Forces School of Aerospace Technology and Engineering
• $21 million contract with DND Military Personnel Generation school
• $30 million contracts for commercial RF systems and various antennas
• $15 million contract with ALSC for the provision of courseware production support
• $  8 million contract with MacDonald Dettwiler to provide two Earth-observation antenna systems

There were no contracts which were cancelled unexpectedly that would have resulted in a significant decrease in our backlog. 

Most fee for service contracts provide the customer with the ability to adjust the timing and level of effort throughout the
contract  life  and  as  such  the  amount  actually  realized  could  be  materially  different  from  the  original  contract  value.  The
following  table  represents  management’s  best  estimate  of  the  backlog  realization  for  2017,  2018,  and  beyond  based  on
management’s current visibility into customers’ existing requirements.

Management’s estimate of the realizable portion (current utilization rates and known customer requirements) is less than the
total  value  of  signed  contracts  and  related  options  by  approximately  $94  million.  The  Company’s  policy  is  to  reduce  the
reported contractual backlog once it receives confirmation from the customer that indicates the utilization of the full contract
value may not materialize.

(dollars in millions)

Contracted Backlog

Option Renewals

TOTAL

Fiscal
2017

$ 193

$

15

Fiscal
2018

85

33

$ 208

$ 118

Business and Technology Services

$ 168

$

Systems Engineering

40

96

22

TOTAL

$ 208

$ 118

Estimated 
realizable
portion of
Backlog

Excess over
estimated
realizable
portion

Beyond
2018

$

$

$

$

31

37

68

58

10

68

$ 309

85

$ 394

$ 322

72

$ 394

$

$

$

$

71

23

94

94

-

94

TOTAL

$ 380

108

$ 488

$ 416

72

$ 488

16

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Selected Annual Information 
(dollars in millions, except per share data) 

Revenues
EBITDA(1)
Net profit
Adjusted net profit(1)
Net profit per share, basic and diluted
Adjusted net profit per share, basic and diluted(1)
Total assets
Dividends per share
(1) See reconciliation regarding non-GAAP measures below

2016

$ 274.6
22.0
$
13.6
$
14.2
$
1.83
$
$
1.92
$ 117.7
1.12
$

2015

242.3
17.2
9.8
10.8
1.33
1.48
102.3
1.12

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

2014

$ 211.3
16.2
$
10.6
$
10.7
$
1.44
$
$
1.45
$ 100.9 
1.12
$

2016 Results of Operations 
Profit  before  interest  and  income  taxes  were  $18,733  in  2016  compared  with  $13,437  in  2015,  and  net  profit  was
$13,593 for the year compared with $9,767 in the previous year. The Company completed the year with $16,761 of
cash compared to $10,624 at the end of 2015.

Revenues

SED revenues

BTS revenues

Consolidated revenues

2016

$ 82,141

$192,446

$274,587

2015

% change

$ 70,188

$172,065

$242,253

17%

12%

13% 

The  general  business  environment  in  2016  reflects  increases  in  government  spending  which  primarily  benefited  the
BTS  division.    SED  also  benefited  from  high  levels  of  activity  with  many  of  its  recurring  customers.  With  a  healthy
opening  backlog  of  $190  million  consumed  in  2016  combined  with  the  win  of  several  contracts  in  new  market
segments during 2016 resulted in double digit growth in revenues this fiscal year. 

SED revenues for 2016 were up 17% compared to 2015 revenues. Work continued at a steady state in both defence
related and commercial contract manufacturing. A significant increase in commercial RF ground systems work was a
major contributor to the increase in SED revenues over the previous year.  The manufacturing group continued at a
steady pace, producing assemblies for Defence programs while continuing to forge a beachhead into the agricultural
manufacturing sector.  Innovations in our communications product group allowed us to introduce two new test and
measurement products into the market.

BTS revenues for 2016 were up 12% compared to 2015 revenues. Revenues from the division’s traditional business
lines showed a healthy increase over the prior year from continued recovery with federal government spending sup-
ported  with  incremental  wins  with  new  customers  and  within  new  markets  as  the  division  continues  to  focus  on
diversification of its customer base.

The Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from the Government of Canada. During 2016 (2015), 61% (62%)
of revenues were related to contracts with various departments and agencies of the Government of Canada with approxi-
mately 53% (45%) directly with DND. Both of the Company’s divisions conduct business with the Government of Canada.

Management  expects  that  the  marketplace  for  the  near  term  will  continue  to  be  competitive  and  the  timing  of  new
contract awards is always subject to delay. Our backlog provides a reasonable level of revenue assurance on existing
contracts and new opportunities continue to arise. Although we continue to focus our efforts on the diversification of
our customer base outside of government, the nature and extent of future government spending constraints remain
uncertain and therefore, future revenues in this sector will ultimately be determined by customer demand on existing
contracts as well as the timing of future contract awards.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

17

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cost of revenues and Gross profit 

2016

2015

% change

SED gross profit

As a percentage of SED revenues

BTS gross profit

As a percentage of BTS revenues

Consolidated gross profit

As a percentage of consolidated revenues

$ 18,995
23.1%

$ 29,839
15.5%

$ 48,834
17.8%

$ 16,417
23.4%

$ 25,094
14.6%

$ 41,511
17.1%

16%

19%

18%

The Company’s cost of revenues includes all direct costs incurred in the provision of its products and services. These
costs include all expenses associated with direct full-time staff, contract staff and subcontractors. They also include
other direct costs including the landed cost of hardware and software sold as components of a solution, travel and
living expenses necessary in the delivery of the services, and warranty costs where applicable. 

The consolidated gross margin for 2016 reflects mix improvements and the solid execution on contracts.

Lower gross margin in SED in comparison to the previous year is indicative of competitive pressures and the higher
number of RF system projects which have a much larger non-labour component. Although the mix of revenues always
plays a role in the margin ultimately realized, results demonstrate solid execution in all of SED’s business areas. As a
whole, the division realized positive outputs from its sales initiatives and its new product investments.

Gross margin in BTS reflects improved revenue mix from increased activity with mainstay customers. In addition, with
increased revenues we benefited from economies of scale as it pertains to fixed payroll costs. The traditional BTS busi-
ness which is concentrated within the federal government has stabilized in recent quarters. While stiff competition on
new work is expected to temper any significant near-term improvement, the division continues to evolve its service
offering with a goal to increase gross margins realized in the longer term.

Because of the significant difference in gross margin between each of the two divisions, the overall gross margin of the
Company is dependent on the relative level of revenue generated from each division. Management will continue to focus
on operational execution and diligent negotiation of supplier costs in order to maximize margins. However, increased
competition is expected to maintain the pressure on margins in both divisions. The volatility of the Canadian dollar is
always an influencing factor for margins on new work in the SED division when denominated in foreign currencies.

Selling and marketing

Selling and marketing

As a percentage of consolidated revenues

2016

$ 4,124
1.5%

2015

$

3,904
1.6%  

% change

5.6%

Selling and marketing expenses increased over the prior year as a result of increased focus on selling and marketing
efforts. Costs for 2017 may continue to increase slightly over the 2016 level as the Company continues to invest in its
diversification, evolution and the broadening of its target markets.

General and administration

General and administration

As a percentage of consolidated revenues

2016

$ 18,893
6.9%

2015

$ 16,924
7.0%

% change

11.6% 

General  and  administration  costs  increased  over  the  prior  year  as  a  result  of  investing  in  service  line  evolution
capabilities  in  addition  to  recognizing  additional  variable  compensation  stemming  from  increased  profitability  and
performance.  However,  total  costs  as  a  percentage  of  revenues  decreased.  Management  will  continue  to  challenge
discretionary  spending;  however,  prudent  investments  may  be  required  to  support  the  evolution  of  the  Company’s
service lines.

18

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Facilities

Facilities

2016

$ 3,804

2015

$

3,461

% change

9.9%

Facility expenses, which include costs associated with office space, have been relatively stable over the past several
years. Overall facility costs are expected to increase slightly in 2017.

Earnings before interest income, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)(1)

EBITDA(1)  for fiscal 2016 was $22,013 compared to EBITDA of $17,222 in the previous year.

(1) See reconciliation regarding non-GAAP measures below

Depreciation and amortization 

Depreciation

Amortization

2016

$ 1,290

$ 1,348

2015

% change

$ 1,285

$

1,431

0.4%

(5.8%) 

Depreciation expense is in line with prior year and is expected to remain stable for 2017. Amortization expense has
begun to decrease. Further decreases in amortization expense are expected for 2017.

Deemed compensation related to acquisitions 

The deemed compensation results from a portion of the purchase price related to the Amtek and DWP acquisitions
being deemed as deferred compensation payable to certain shareholders under IFRS and therefore excluded from the
total  consideration  of  the  purchase.  For  2016,  the  remaining  portion  of  the  deemed  compensation  related  to
acquisitions was expensed in the amount of $642 compared to $1,069 recorded in 2015. 

Income tax expense 

The Company reports its results on a fully taxed basis. The provision for income taxes for 2016 was $5,177 or 27.6%
of earnings before income taxes compared to $3,757 or 27.8% of earnings before income taxes in 2015. The decrease
in tax rate is reflective of the reduction in the deemed compensation recognized in 2016. The effective tax rate for 2017,
prior to considering the impact of non-taxable transactions, is expected to be approximately 26.9%.

Net profit 

The Company reported net profit of $13,593 or $1.83 per share basic and diluted for 2016 compared to $9,767 or $1.33
per share basic and diluted in 2015. The Company reported adjusted net profit(1) of $14,235 or $1.92 per share basic
and diluted for 2016 compared to $10,836 or $1.48 per share basic and diluted in 2015.

(1) See reconciliation regarding non-GAAP measures below

Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to most comparable IFRS measures:

Management believes that providing certain non-GAAP performance measures, in addition to IFRS measures, provides
users of the Company's financial reports with enhanced understanding of the Company's results and related trends
and increases transparency and clarity into the core results of the business.

EBITDA,  Adjusted  net  profit  and  adjusted  net  profit  per  share  exclude  items  that  do  not  reflect,  in  our  opinion,  the
Company’s core performance and helps users of our MD&A to better analyze our results, enabling comparability of our
results  from  one  period  to  another.  In  addition,  as  a  result  of  significant  increases  in  amortization  from  of  recent
acquisitions, the Company believes it is appropriate to explain its result prior to these acquisition charges.

These  non-GAAP  measures  are  mainly  derived  from  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  but  do  not  have  a  stan-
dardized meaning prescribed by IFRS; therefore, others using these terms may calculate them differently. The exclusion
of certain items from non-GAAP performance measures does not imply that these are necessarily non-recurring. From
time  to  time,  we  may  exclude  additional  items  if  we  believe  doing  so  would  result  in  a  more  transparent  and
comparable disclosure. Other entities may define the above measures differently than we do. In those cases, it may be
difficult to  use similarly named non-GAAP measures of other entities to compare performance of those entities to the
Company’s performance.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

19

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Profit

NET PROFIT

Deemed compensation related to acquisitions

Adjusted net profit

Reconciliation of EBITA

Profit before interest and income tax expense

Depreciation

Amortization

Deemed compensation related to acquisitions

2016

$

13,593

642

$

14,235

2016

$

18,733

1,290

1,348

642

2015

$

9,767

1,069

$

10,836

2015

$

13,437

1,285

1,431

1,069

EBITDA

$

22,013

$

17,222

Selected Quarterly Financial Data 
(dollars in millions, except per share data) 

Revenues 

EBITDA(1)

Net profit
Adjusted net profit(1)

Net profit per share

Basic
Diluted

Adjusted net profit per share(1)

Basic
Diluted

Q4/16 Q3/16

Q2/16

Q1/16

Q4/15

Q3/15

Q2/15

Q1/15

$ 68.8

$ 73.2

$ 68.1

$ 64.5

$ 60.9

$ 64.3

$ 61.0

$ 56.0

$ 5.3

$ 6.1

$ 5.4

$ 5.2

$ 4.9

$ 4.0

$ 4.0

$ 4.4

$ 3.4
$ 3.4

$ 3.9
$ 4.0

$ 3.2
$ 3.5

$ 3.1
$ 3.3

$ 2.9
$ 3.1

$ 2.2
$ 2.5

$ 2.2
$ 2.5

$ 2.5
$ 2.7

$ 0.45
$ 0.45

$ 0.52
$ 0.52

$ 0.44
$ 0.44

$ 0.42
$ 0.42

$ 0.39
$ 0.39

$ 0.30
$ 0.30

$ 0.30
$ 0.30

$ 0.34
$ 0.34

$ 0.45
$ 0.45

$ 0.54
$ 0.54

$ 0.48
$ 0.48

$ 0.45
$ 0.45

$ 0.43
$ 0.43

$ 0.34
$ 0.34

$ 0.34
$ 0.34

$ 0.37
$ 0.37

(1) See reconciliation regarding non-GAAP measures above

The  Company’s  operations  are  subject  to  some  quarterly  seasonality  due  to  the  timing  of  vacation  periods  and
statutory holidays. Typically the Company’s first and last quarter will be negatively impacted as a result of the Christmas
season and summer vacation period. During these periods, the Company can only invoice for work performed and is
also required to pay for statutory holidays. This results in reduced levels of revenues and a drop in gross margins. This
seasonality may not be apparent in the overall results of the Company depending on the impact of the realized sales
mix of its various projects.

The  full  text  of  the  Company’s  fourth  quarter  management  discussion  and  analysis  can  be  found  on  SEDAR  at
www.SEDAR.com.

20

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Liquidity and Capital Resources 
Calian’s net cash position was $16,761 at September 30, 2016, compared to $10,624 at September 30, 2015.  

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital
Changes in working capital
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash

Operating activities 

2016

22,191
(6,783)
15,408
(6,325)
(2,946)
6,137

$

$

$

2015

17,409
(20,264)
(2,855)
(7,820)
(3,901)
(14,576)

$

$

$

Cash  inflows  from  operating  activities  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2016  were  $15,408  compared  to  cash
outflows of $2,855 in 2015. Cash flows for the recent year reflect the increase in cash earnings with working capital
elements moving in line with the business activities. The aging of the accounts receivable remains in excellent health
at 98% current. Variations in working capital cash flows are not considered unusual and reflect normal working capital
fluctuations associated with the ebbs and flows of the business. The market for the Systems Engineering Division is
characterized by contracts with billings tied to milestones achieved, which often results in significant working capital
requirements. Conversely, given the nature of this business, it is sometimes possible to negotiate advance payments
on contracts. Such advance payments give rise to unearned revenue that will be realized as revenue over the course
of  the  contract.  As  at  September  30,  2016,  the  Company’s  total  unearned  revenue  amounted  to  $11,271.  This
compares to $6,980 at September 30, 2015.

Financing activities 

Dividend 

As  a  result  of  continuing  earnings  and  a  strong  cash  position,  the  Company  maintained  its  dividend  in  2016.  The
Company paid quarterly dividends totalling $8,320 or $1.12 cents per share compared to 2015 when the Company
paid $8,262 in dividends or $1.12 cents per share. The Company intends to continue with its quarterly dividend policy
for the foreseeable future.

Shares 

At September 30, 2016 there were 351,500 options outstanding at an average price of $19.38 expiring at various dates
between August 13, 2017 and September 9, 2020.

At  September  30,  2016  there  were  7,483,599  common  shares  outstanding  and  as  of  the  date  of  this  Management
Discussion and Analysis, there were 7,503,849 common shares outstanding.

Investing activities 

Equipment expenditures

Calian acquired $1,751 in equipment, furniture and fixtures during 2016, compared to $2,701 during 2015 when the
SED division invested in a new Surface Mount Technology manufacturing line. At September 30, 2016 there were no
significant commitments to expend capital assets.

Acquisitions

During  2016  (2015),  the  Company  paid  $1,195  ($1,200)  for  various  acquisitions  as  described  in  the  notes  to  the
consolidated financial statements.  

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

21

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Capital resources 

At September 30, 2016 the Company had a short-term credit facility of $10,000 with a Canadian chartered bank that
bears interest at prime and is secured by assets of the Company. An amount of $75 was drawn to issue a letter of
credit to meet customer contractual requirements.

Management  believes  that  the  company  has  sufficient  cash  resources  to  continue  to  finance  its  working  capital
requirements and pay a quarterly dividend.

Contractual obligations 

Payments due:
Operating leases
Purchase obligations
Total contractual obligations

Total
$20,251
12,071
$32,322

<1 year
$ 3,419
10,415
$13,834

1-3 years
$ 5,015
1,470
$ 6,485

4-5 years
$ 4,183
187
$ 4,370

>5 years
$ 7,634
-
$ 7,634

Purchase  obligations  include  agreements  to  purchase  goods  and  services  that  are  enforceable  and  legally  binding.
They do not include agreements that are cancellable without penalty.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 
There were no off-balance sheet arrangements at September 30, 2016. 

Operating leases 
The Company leases various premises and office equipment through operating leases. 

Related party transactions 
There were no transactions with related parties during 2016 and 2015.

Critical Accounting Estimates 
The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and
assumptions  that  affect  the  Company’s  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  On  an  on-going  basis,
management  reviews  its  estimates  and  assumptions,  including  those  related  to  revenue  recognition  on  fixed-price
projects, provisions and contingencies, estimated timing of reversals of income tax temporary differences, allowance
for  doubtful  accounts,  valuation  of  investment  and  impairment  of  goodwill.  Management  bases  its  estimates  and
assumptions  on  historical  experience  and  on  various  other  factors  that  it  believes  to  be  reasonable  under  the
circumstances; actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue recognition 

The Business and Technology Services Division’s revenue is derived primarily from per-diem contracts where revenue
is  recognized  when  the  services  are  provided.  However,  a  significant  portion  of  the  Systems  Engineering  Division’s
revenue  is  derived  from  fixed  price  contracts.  Revenue  from  these  fixed  price  projects  is  recognized  using  the  per-
centage  of  completion  method  using  management’s  best  estimate  of  the  costs  and  related  risks  associated  with
completing the projects. The greatest risk on fixed price contracts is the possibility of cost overruns. Management’s
approach to revenue recognition is tightly linked to detailed project management processes and controls. The infor-
mation  provided  by  the  project  management  system  combined  with  a  knowledgeable  assessment  of  technical
complexities and risks are used in estimating the percentage completion.

22

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Contingencies 

From time to time the Company is involved in claims in the normal course of business. Management assesses such
claims and where considered likely to result in a material exposure and where the amount of the claim is quantifiable,
provisions  for  loss  are  made  based  on  management’s  assessment  of  the  likely  outcome.  The  Company  does  not
provide for claims that are considered unlikely to result in a significant loss, claims for which the outcome is not deter-
minable or claims where the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated. Any settlements or awards under
such claims are provided for when reasonably determinable. 

Income taxes 

The  Company  records  future  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  related  to  deductible  temporary  differences.  The
Company  assesses  the  value  of  these  assets  and  liabilities  based  on  their  probability  of  being  realized  given
management assessments of future taxable income.

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

The Company has extensive commercial history upon which to base its provision for doubtful accounts. Due to the
nature of the industry in which the Company operates, the Company does not create a general provision for bad debts
but rather determines bad debts on a specific account basis. Due to the blue chip list of customers, the Company’s
allowance for doubtful accounts at September 30, 2016 and 2015 was minimal. 

Goodwill 

Goodwill  is  tested  for  impairment  annually  or  more  frequently  when  events  occur  or  circumstances  arise  that  could
indicate a reduction in its fair value. Testing for impairment is accomplished by determining whether the fair value of
the cash generating unit exceeds the net carrying value as of the assessment date. If the fair value is greater than the
carrying amount, no impairment is necessary. The determination of fair value is based on management’s estimate of
future  results  of  operations  of  the  reporting  unit  using  reasonable  assumptions  relating  to  growth  levels  when
considering  the  current  and  forecasted  business  environment  and  each  cash-generating  unit’s  discount  rate.  For
purpose of determining fair value, management considered a growth level range of 0% to 3% and a discount rate range
of 12% to 15% for its BTS division. 

Adoption of New Accounting Rules and Impact on Financial Results 
The Company did not adopt any new accounting policies this year. 

Impact of Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Implemented 
There  were  no  new  accounting  pronouncements  issued  in  2016  which  would  affect  the  Company's  results  of
operations or financial conditions. 

Management’s Conclusion on the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls 
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, after evaluating the effectiveness of the
Company's  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  as  of  September  30,  2016,  have  concluded  that  the  Company’s
disclosure  controls  and  procedures    were  adequate  and  effective  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the
Company  and  its  consolidated  subsidiaries  would  have  been  known  to  them  and  that  information  required  to  be
disclosed by the Company is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the
securities legislation.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

23

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Conclusion on the Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, after evaluating the effectiveness of the
Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  September  30,  2016,  have  concluded  that  the  Company’s
internal controls over financial reporting provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting for
external purposes in accordance with IFRS.

During the most recent interim quarter ending September 30, 2016, there have been no changes in the design of the
Company’s  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is  reasonably  likely  to  materially
affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.

Risk Factors
The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect the Company’s financial
condition and future results of operations. The company continues to evolve its risk management processes and risk
management is an integral part of how the Company plans and monitors the business strategies and results.  We have
embedded risk management activities in the operational responsibilities of management and made them an integral
part  of  our  overall  governance,  organizational  and  accountability  structure.  The  Company  faces  some  or  all  of  the
following risks and uncertainties: 

Competition for contracts within key markets 

The markets for the Company’s services are very competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to technological changes. The
principal competitive factors in the Company’s markets are quality, performance, price, timeliness, customer support and
reputation. The Company has a disciplined approach to management of all aspects of its business. The Company is a
proponent of quality management; SED is registered under ISO 9001-2008 standards and BTS is a founding partner of
Excellence Canada recently re-accredited at the Gold Level.  This approach to management, with a focus on quality was
developed to help the Company ensure that its employees deliver services consistently according to the Company’s high
standards and based on strong values underlying its client-focused culture.

Concentration of Revenues

The Company has certain ongoing contracts that account for a significant portion of revenues. Should these contracts
not be renewed at expiry or should a competitor win the renewal, the Company’s future revenue stream and overall
profitability could be significantly reduced. While there is no indication that such contracts will be left to expire, there
is a risk that a competitor could win the work at the next renewal point. Our strong historical performance and keen
focus on customer requirements puts us in good stead, but winning the renewal is not assured.

The availability of qualified professionals 

Competition  from  other  firms  has  a  two-fold  impact  on  the  Company.  The  Company  must  not  only  vie  for  qualified
employees for its own operations but must have ready access to a large pool of qualified professionals to satisfy con-
tractual  arrangements  with  customers.  The  Company  mitigates  these  factors  through  a  number  of  means.  The
Company’s  performance-driven  remuneration  policies  and  its  favorable  working  environment  are  conducive  to
attracting ambitious, qualified professionals. As a supplier of professional employees through outsourcing contracts,
the Company regularly establishes relationships with a significant number of professionals in key markets. While SED
revenues are usually predominately export, its labour costs are largely influenced by domestic and regional economic
factors. Accordingly, labour costs could become significantly higher than those of foreign competitors, thereby eroding
our competitive position.

24

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Performance on fixed-price contracts 

A large percentage of SED’s contracts are based on a fixed price for the provision of a specified service or system
against an agreed delivery schedule. At times these fixed-price contracts involve the completion of large-scale system
engineering projects. There is a risk in all fixed-price contracts that the Company will be unable to deliver the system
within  the  time  specified  and  at  the  expected  cost.  The  Company  employs  sophisticated  design  and  testing
processes and practices, which include a wide range of stringent factory and on-site acceptance tests with criteria and
requirements  jointly  developed  with  the  customer.  However,  non-performance  could  result  in  a  customer  being  in  a
position  to  terminate  the  contract  for  default,  or  to  demand  repayments  or  penalties.  Program  management
methodologies  have  been  implemented  to  adequately  manage  each  project  and  any  customer  change,  and  to
identify and mitigate potential technical risks and related cost overruns. In addition, the Company employs procedures
to ensure accurate estimating of costs and performs regular detailed reviews of progress on each project.

Non-performance of a key supplier or contractor 

The  Company’s  business  is  often  dependent  on  performance  by  third  parties  and  subcontractors  for  completion  of
contracts for which the Company is the prime contractor. Subcontractors for large systems are selected in concurrence
with  the  customer’s  requirements,  and  if  not  directed  by  the  customer,  are  selected  through  a  competitive  bid  or
negotiated  process.  Most  major  development  subcontracts  are  established  as  fixed-price  contracts.  The  Company
believes  that  these  subcontractors  have  an  economic  incentive  to  perform  such  subcontracts  for  the  Company.
However, no company can protect itself against all material breaches, particularly those related to financial insolvency
of the sub- contractors or to cost overruns by subcontractors. Risks include a significant price increase in those few
subcontracts  that  are  not  fixed-price,  delay  in  performance,  failure  of  any  major  subcontractor  to  perform  or  the
inability  of  the  Company  to  obtain  replacement  subcontractors  at  a  reasonable  price.  The  performance  of  key
subcontracts  is  closely  monitored  as  part  of  the  Company’s  project  management  process  to  promptly  identify
potential issues and develop remedial actions. 

Rapidly changing technologies and customer demands 

The  markets  in  which  the  Company  operates  are  characterized  by  changing  technology  and  evolving  industry
standards. The Company keeps pace with developments in the industries it serves and actively monitors the evolution
of  these  markets,  thus  ensuring  that  it  can  meet  the  evolving  needs  of  its  clients.  The  Company  achieves  this  by
continually recruiting professionals in high demand positions and providing regular training to ensure employee skills
remain current. The Company’s ability to anticipate changes in technology, technical standards and service offerings
will be a significant factor in the Company’s ability to compete or expand into new markets.

Customer’s ability to retain market share

The Company performs manufacturing services for a number of customers, whereby we build their products to meet
their  market  demands.  While  these  relationships  are  long-standing,  the  Company  is  susceptible  to  overall  shifts  in
market demand for such products as well as our customers’ share of such markets. While the Company has regular
discussions  with  customers  regarding  upcoming  requirements,  an  erosion  of  a  customer’s  market  share  for  a
particular product could have a direct impact on the Company’s revenues and profitability.

Government contracts

During fiscal 2016, approximately 61% of the Company’s total revenues were derived from contracts with the Canadian
government and its agencies. The government may change its policies, priorities or funding levels through agency or
program budget reductions or impose budgetary constraints. Furthermore, contracts with governments, including the
Canadian government, may be terminated or suspended by the government at any time, with or without cause, and
may  be  subject  to  certain  audits  or  other  claims.  Although  in  the  past  the  Company  has  rarely  experienced
cancellations of previously awarded significant contracts by the Canadian government, there can be no assurance that
any contract with the government will not be terminated or suspended in the future.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

25

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Backlog

Most fee for service contracts provide the customer with the ability to adjust the timing and level of effort throughout
the contract life and as such the amount actually realized could be materially different from the original contract value.
At September 30, 2016 the Company’s backlog included $94 million of contract value in excess of the current esti-
mated utilization levels. Should additional customer requirements for the Company’s services under these contracts
not materialize, this excess will not be realized.

Credit risk concentration with respect to accounts receivable 

As  the  Company  grows,  it  monitors  the  concentration  of  its  business  in  its  various  segments  and  with  particular
customers.  In  management’s  opinion,  the  fact  that  the  Company  operates  in  two  segments  that  provide  some
diversification of its customer base mitigates the potential impact on earnings and cash flow of problems related to an
individual sector or customer.

Insufficient or inappropriate mix of work for fixed labour resources 

Virtually all employees of SED are full time staff and represent a broad spectrum of unique skill sets. Accordingly, SED
strives to secure sufficient labour sales that adequately match the skill sets. SED’s business development practices are
designed to dynamically adjust pursuits of contracts to address the sufficiency and mix of available resources. In the
event SED cannot secure the required workforce, it may not be in a position to bid on or secure certain contracts.

Operational risk 

Operational  risk  is  managed  through  the  establishment  of  effective  infrastructure  and  controls.  Key  elements  of  the
infrastructure are qualified, well-trained personnel, clear authorization levels and reliable technology. Controls estab-
lished  by  documented  policies  and  procedures  include  the  regular  examination  of  internal  controls  by  internal
employees  as  well  as  our  auditors,  segregation  of  duties,  and  financial  management  and  reporting.  In  addition,  the
Company maintains insurance coverage and contingency plans for systems failures or catastrophic events.

Foreign currency risk 

The Company operates internationally with approximately 25% of its business derived from non-Canadian sources. A
substantial  portion  of  this  international  business  is  denominated  in  major  foreign  currencies  and  therefore  the
Company’s  results  from  operations  are  affected  by  exchange  rate  fluctuations  of  these  currencies  relative  to  the
Canadian dollar. The Company uses financial instruments, principally in the form of forward exchange contracts, in its
management  of  foreign  currency  exposures.  At  September  30,  2016,  the  Company  had  various  forward  exchange
contracts,  which  are  explained  in  Note  18  to  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended
September  30,  2016.  The  strengthening  of  the  Canadian  dollar  relative  to  other  foreign  currencies  may  negatively
impact the Company’s competitiveness and increase pressure on margins for new work. 

Sufficiency of insurance 

The  Company  carries  various  forms  of  insurance  to  protect  itself  from  a  variety  of  insurable  risks.  However,  such
coverage may not be sufficient in extreme circumstances, and accordingly there exists a risk to the Company. While
the Company cannot reasonably insure itself for all events, it regularly reviews the availability, scope and amounts of
coverage with its professional advisors and implements an approach balancing both cost and risk.

Medical malpractice 

As a result of the Company executing health services for numerous customers, the Company is subject to risks asso-
ciated with the medical profession. In order to mitigate such risks to the degree possible, the Company has obtained
medical  malpractice  and  professional  liability  insurance.  In  addition,  it  is  a  condition  of  employment  for  doctors,
dentists and other medical professionals to maintain appropriate credentials, be in good standing with their medical
associations, and obtain medical malpractice insurance from their respective association.

26

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Political and trade barriers 

Revenues on certain projects are derived from customers in foreign jurisdictions and are subject to trade and political
barriers relating to the protection of national interests. These barriers could have an adverse effect on our ability to win
repeat business and attract new customers. In addition there is a risk that economic sanctions imposed by Canada
against aggressive countries could limit pursuits of new business with those countries.

Consolidation of customer base 

Certain markets and industries can experience both restructuring and consolidation from time-to-time. As the newly
formed entities focus on optimizing cash flows and gaining economies of scale, opportunities may be diminished or
work currently performed by the Company could be repatriated, resulting in a loss of revenue or the creation of a very
competitive environment with commensurate pressure on margins.

Reliance on information systems

Unauthorized access to our or our customers’ information and systems could negatively impact our business. We face
certain security threats, including threats to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and systems. While
management supervises and maintains what it considers to be appropriate control, enforcement and monitoring systems
designed to prevent, detect and respond to unauthorized activity in our systems, no system is failsafe and certain types
of attacks or system failures could result in significant financial or information losses and/or reputational harm.

Long term Outlook 

Management is confident that the Company is well positioned for sustained growth in the long term. The Company’s
strong contract backlog provides a solid base for the realization of future revenues. Leveraging the Company's diverse
services offerings; the Company operates in global and domestic markets that will continue to require the services that
the Company offers. To ensure the Company is positioned to respond to market requirements, the Company will focus
on the execution of its four pillar growth strategy:

• Customer retention: through continued delivery excellence, maintain a valued relationship with current customer base;

• Customer diversification:  through increasing the percentage of its revenues derived from new business in adjacent and non-

government markets, balance customer revenue into numerous global and domestic sectors;

• Service Line Evolution: continue investment in service offerings to increase differentiation and improve gross margin attainment;

• Continuous Improvement:  leverage innovation to improve how the company operates with a goal to streamline processes

and provide for a scalable back office support capability.

The Company has completed four acquisitions in the past 5 years, and will proactively look for companies that can
accelerate its growth strategy with a focus on customer diversification and service line evolution.

The SED Division has been working within a sustainable satellite sector and is expecting opportunities to continue to
arise as systems adopting the latest technologies will be required by customers wishing to maintain and improve their
service  offerings  and  react  to  an  increasing  demand  for  bandwidth.  SED  continues  to  invest  in  communications
products, software development and manufacturing equipment to strengthen its competitive position. However in the
short-term,  activity  levels  in  custom  manufacturing  will  continue  to  be  directly  dependent  upon  SED’s  customers’
requirements  and  continuing  volatility  in  orders  is  anticipated  as  both  government  and  commercial  customers
continue to re-examine their traditional spending patterns. Continued delays of DND capital procurements have created
intense competition for available manufacturing work. Finally, changes in the  relative value of the Canadian dollar may
negatively  or  positively  impact  the  Systems  Engineering  Division’s  competitiveness  on  projects  denominated  in
foreign currencies.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

27

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The  BTS  Division’s  professional  services  are  adaptable  to  many  different  markets.  Currently,  its  strength  lies  in
providing program management and delivery services across Canada with a significant portion of this work currently
with the Department of National Defence. The division has been successful in diversifying its customer base and evolv-
ing  its  service  offerings.  As  an  example,  the  division  now  provides  direct  to  customer  health  services  through  the
operation  of  managed  medical  clinics  as  well  as  onsite  health  practitioners  in  the  oil  and  gas  sector.  Management
believes that for the long term, the public and private sector will continue to require health, IT, and training services
from  private  enterprise  to  achieve  their  business  outcomes.  Looking  at  the  current  outlook,  the  current  economic
climate, the new federal government agenda may create uncertainty as to the extent of demand from this customer, at
least  in  the  short  term.  With  continued  investments  in  sales,  marketing  and  success  in  new  markets  outside  of  the
federal  government,  the  division  is  better  positioned  to  manage  through  these  downturns.  Acquisitions  have  also
bolstered  the  division’s  performance  and  we  will  continue  to  look  at  acquisition  opportunities  to  support  our
growth strategy.

Additional Information 
Additional information about the Company such as the Company’s 2016 Annual Information Form and Management
Circular can be found on SEDAR at www.SEDAR.com 

Dated: December 2, 2016

28

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Management’s Statement of Responsibility

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Calian Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries and all information in the
annual report are the responsibility of management and have been approved by the Board of Directors. 

The financial statements include some amounts that are based on management’s best estimates that have been made
using careful judgment. 

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  by  management  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally
accepted in Canada. Financial and operating data elsewhere in the annual report are consistent with the information
contained in the financial statements. 

In  fulfilling  its  responsibilities,  management  of  Calian  has  developed  and  continues  to  maintain  systems  of  internal
accounting controls including written policies and procedures and segregation of duties and responsibilities. 

Although no cost-effective system of internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and irregularities, these systems
are designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded from loss or unauthorized use, transactions
are properly recorded and the financial records are reliable for preparing the financial statements.

The  Board  of  Directors  carries  out  its  responsibility  for  the  financial  statements  in  this  report  through  its  Audit
Committee. The Audit Committee meets periodically with management to discuss the results of audit examinations
with  respect  to  the  adequacy  of  internal  controls  and  to  review  and  discuss  the  financial  statements  and  financial
reporting matters. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the external auditors to review and discuss the
financial statements and financial reporting matters. 

The financial statements have been audited by Deloitte LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, who have full access
to the Audit Committee with and without the presence of management. 

Kevin Ford

President and CEO
Ottawa, Ontario
November 9, 2016

Jacqueline Gauthier

Chief Financial Officer

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

29

Independent Auditor’s Report

To the Shareholders of Calian Group Ltd.

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Calian  Group  Ltd.,  which  comprise  the
consolidated  statements  of  financial  position  as  at  September  30,  2016  and  September  30,  2015,  and  the
consolidated statements of net profit, consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of
changes in equity and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant
accounting policies and other explanatory information.

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements  in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management determines
is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement,
whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s Responsibility

Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  these  consolidated  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We
conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards.  Those standards require
that  we  comply  with  ethical  requirements  and  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about
whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment of the risks of
material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error.  In  making  those  risk
assessments,  the  auditor  considers  internal  control  relevant  to  the  entity's  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the
consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  entity's  internal  controls.  An  audit  also  includes
evaluating  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting  estimates  made  by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for
our audit opinion. 

Opinion

In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  position  of
Calian Group Ltd. as at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015, and its financial performance and its cash flows
for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants

November 9, 2016  
Ottawa, Ontario

30

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
As at September 30, 2016 and 2015 

(Canadian dollars in thousands)

NOTES

September 30,
2016

September 30,
2015

ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS

Cash
Accounts receivable
Work in process
Prepaid expenses
Derivative assets
Total current assets

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Equipment
Application software
Acquired intangible assets
Goodwill

Total non-current assets

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Unearned contract revenue
Derivative liabilities
Total current liabilities

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Deferred tax liabilities
Total non-current liabilities

TOTAL LIABILITIES

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Issued capital
Contributed surplus
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

18

6
7
8
9

14
18

13

10

$

16,761
61,032
17,269
1,044
534
96,640

5,472
612
2,898
12,037
21,019

$

10,624
50,494
17,431
1,449
424
80,422

5,245
377
4,246
12,037
21,905

$ 117,659

$ 102,327

$

26,671
11,271
484
38,426

912
912

39,338

22,820
472
55,906
(877)
78,321

$

25,582
6,980
751
33,313

299
299

33,612

20,673
458
50,633
(3,049)
68,715

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$ 117,659

$ 102,327

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Approved by the Board
on November 9, 2016:

Kenneth Loeb
Chairman

Richard Vickers
Director

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

31

Calian Group Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Net Profit
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Revenues
Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Selling and marketing

General and administration

Facilities

Depreciation of equipment and application software

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

Deemed compensation related to acquisitions

Profit before interest income and income tax expense

Interest income

Profit before income tax expense

Income tax expense – current

Income tax expense – deferred

Total income tax expense

NET PROFIT

Net profit per share:

Basic

Diluted

NOTES

$

19

13

2016

274,587
225,753

48,834

4,124

18,893

3,804

1,290

1,348

642

18,733

37

18,770

5,343

(166)

5,177

$

13,593

12

12

$

$

1.83

1.83

2015

242,253
200,742

41,511

3,904

16,924

3,461

1,285

1,431

1,069

13,437

87

13,524

4,068

(311)

3,757

9,767

1.33

1.33

$

$

$

$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

32

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands)

NET PROFIT

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Items that will be reclassified subsequently to net profit: 

Change in deferred gain (loss) on derivatives designated as cash  
flow hedges, net of tax of $780 (2015 - $1,062). 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

NOTES

2016

2015

$ 13,593

$

9,767

2,172

2,172

(2,975)

(2,975)

$ 15,765

$

6,792

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

33

Calian Group Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Balance October 1, 2015 

Comprehensive income 

Dividend paid ($1.12 per share)

Issue of shares under employee 
stock purchase plan

Issue of shares under stock option plan

Share-based compensation expense
Balance September 30, 2016

Notes

Issued
capital

Contributed
surplus

Retained
earnings

Cash flow
hedging
reserve

Total

$ 20,673

$ 458

$ 50,633

$ (3,049) $ 68,715

-

-

10,11

10

11

388

1,759

-
$ 22,820

-

-

-

(89)

103
$ 472

13,593

(8,320)

-

-

(2,172)

15,765

-

-
-

-

(8,320)

388

1,670

-
$ 55,906

-

103
$ (877) $ 78,321

Balance October 1, 2014 

Comprehensive income 

Dividend paid ($1.12 per share)

Issue of shares under employee 
stock purchase plan

Issue of shares under stock option plan

Share-based compensation expense
Balance September 30, 2015

Notes

Issued
capital

Contributed
surplus

Retained
earnings

Cash flow
hedging
reserve

Total

$ 20,161

$ 336

$ 49,128

$

(74) $ 69,551

-

-

413

99

-
$ 20,673

-

-

-

(6)

128
$ 458

9,767

(8,262)

-

-

(2,975)

6,792

-

-

-

(8,262)

413

93

-
$ 50,633

-

128
$ (3,049) $ 68,715

10,11

10

11

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

34

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
 For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands)

NOTES

2016

2015

$ 13,593

$

9,767

CASH FLOWS FROM (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Net profit 

Items not affecting cash:

Interest income

Income tax expense

13

Employee stock purchase plan and share-based compensation expense

Depreciation and amortization expense

Deemed compensation related to acquisitions

Change in non-cash working capital

Accounts receivable

Work in process

Prepaid expenses

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Unearned contract revenue

Interest received

Income tax paid

CASH FLOWS USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Issuance of common shares

Dividends 

CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Equipment and application software expenditures

Acquisitions

10,11

6,7

19

(37)

5,177

178

2,638

642

22,191

(10,848)

162

405

3,710

4,291

19,911

37

(4,540)

15,408

1,995

(8,320)

(6,325)

(1,751)

(1,195)

(2,946)

( 87)

3,757

187

2,716

1,069

17,409

(10,445)

( 4,840)

251

( 3,072)

1,838

1,141

87

( 4,083)

(2,855)

442

( 8,262)

( 7,820)

( 2,701)

( 1,200)

( 3,901)

NET CASH INFLOW (OUTFLOW)  

CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD 

CASH,  END OF PERIOD 

$

6,137

10,624

$ 16,761

$ (14,576)

25,200

$ 10,624

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

35

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

1. Basis of preparation

Calian Group Ltd. (“the Company”) is incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act. The address of its registered office
and principal place of business is 340 Legget Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K2K 1Y6. The Company's capabilities include the provision of
business and technology services to industry and government in the health, IT services and training and engineering domains as well
as the design, manufacturing and maintenance of complex systems to the communications and defence sectors. 

On April 1, 2016, the Company changed its name from Calian Technologies Ltd. to Calian Group Ltd. The Company name change
was done to better reflect the diversity of its services in light of the expansion into areas such as healthcare and training. 

Statement of compliance

These consolidated financial statements are expressed in Canadian dollars and have been prepared in accordance with International
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board ("IASB") and in place for September
30, 2016. These consolidated financial statements were prepared using the accounting policies as described in Note 2 – Summary of
significant accounting policies. 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2016  were  authorized  for  issuance  by  the  Board  of
Directors on November 9, 2016.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The  accounting  policies  below  have  been  applied  consistently  to  all  periods  presented  in  these  consolidated  financial  statements
unless otherwise stated.

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Calian Ltd. located in
Ottawa, Ontario, Primacy Management Inc., located in Burlington, Ontario, Med-Team Clinic Inc., located in Ottawa, Ontario, Amtek
Engineering  Services  Ltd.,  located  in  Ottawa,  Ontario  and  DWP  Solutions  Inc.,  located  in  Ottawa,  Ontario.  All  transactions  and
balances between these companies have been eliminated on consolidation.

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements are presented at historical cost unless otherwise noted. Historical cost is generally based on
the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for the asset or liability.

Revenue recognition

Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable.  Revenue  from  a  contract  to  provide  services  is
recognized by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion of the contract is determined as follows:

Fixed price contracts

Where the outcome of fixed-price construction contracts can be estimated reliably, revenue is recognized by reference to the com-
pleted activity of the contract as at each reporting period, measured based on the proportion of the costs incurred for work performed
to-date  relative  to  the  estimated  total  contract  costs  including  warranty  costs  where  applicable,  except  where  this  would  not  be
representative of the stage of completion. As some contracts extend over more than one year, any revision in cost and profit estimates
made during the course of the work is reflected in the accounting period in which the facts indicating a need for the revision become
known. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments if any, are included to the extent that the amount can be measured
reliably and its receipt is considered probable.

Where the outcome of fixed-price construction contracts cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognized to the extent of
contract costs incurred that it is probable will be recoverable. Contract costs are recognized as expenses in the period they are incurred.

When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized as an expense immediately.  

Where contract costs incurred to-date plus recognized profits less recognized losses exceed progress billings, the surplus is shown
as  work  in  process.  For  contracts  where  progress  billings  exceed  contract  costs  incurred  to  date  plus  recognized  profits  less
recognized losses, the surplus is shown as unearned contract revenue. Amounts received before the related work is performed are
included  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  as  a  liability,  as  unearned  contract  revenue.  Amounts  billed  for
work  performed  but  not  yet  paid  by  the  customer  are  included  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  under
accounts receivable.

36

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

    2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Time and material contracts

Revenue  derived  from  time  and  material  contracts  is  recognized  at  the  contractual  rates  as  labour  hours  are  delivered  and  direct
expenses are incurred. Variations in revenue incentive payments, if any, are included to the extent that the amount can be measured
reliably and its receipt is considered probable.

Share-based compensation

The  Company  had  in  place  for  periods  up  to  February  5,  2016  a  stock  option  plan  for  executives  and  other  key  employees.  The
Company measures and recognizes compensation expense based on the grant date fair-value of the stock options issued using the
Black-Scholes pricing model. The offsetting credit is recorded in contributed surplus. Compensation expense is recorded on a straight-
line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of stock options that will ultimately vest. At each reporting period,
the Company revises its estimate of the stock options expected to vest. The impact on the change in estimate, if any, is recognized
over the remaining vesting period. Consideration paid by employees on the exercise of options and related amounts of contributed
surplus are recorded as issued capital when the shares are issued.

The Company has an employee stock purchase plan available to all employees of the Company. The plan provides for a discount to
the fair market value at the date the shares are issued. Compensation expense representing the discount is recorded as general and
administration expenses with an offsetting amount to issued capital.

Leases

Leases entered into are classified as either finance or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all of the risks and rewards
of ownership of property to the Company are accounted for as finance leases. For leases which are classified as operating leases, lease
payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In the event that lease incentives are received to
enter  into  operating  leases,  such  incentives  are  recognized  as  a  liability.  The  aggregate  benefit  of  incentives  is  recognized  as  a
reduction of rental expense on a straight-line basis. The Company does not have any finance leases.

Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in net profit, except when it relates to items
that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized
in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for
a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.  

Current tax

The  tax  currently  payable  is  based  on  taxable  income  for  the  period  using  tax  rates  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  as  at  each
reporting  period  and  any  adjustments  to  tax  payable  related  to  previous  years.  Taxable  profit  differs  from  profit  as  reported  in  the
consolidated statement of net profit because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years, and
it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible.  

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding tax bases used for taxation purposes calculated using the tax rates in
effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are generally recognized
for  all  deductible  temporary  differences  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  those
deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from
goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects
neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, except where the
Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in
the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only
recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the tem-
porary differences, and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

37

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  each  reporting  period  and  reduced  to  the  extent  that  it  is  no  longer
probable  that  sufficient  taxable  income  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  asset  to  be  recovered.  Deferred  tax  assets  and
liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized,
based  on  tax  rates  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  each  reporting  period.  The  measurement  of  deferred  tax
liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting
date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. 

Equipment

Equipment, comprising leasehold improvements, furniture and computer equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation
and impairment losses, if any. The carrying value is net of related government assistance and investment tax credits. Depreciation is
recognized in net profit on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized
on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

• Leasehold improvements:

over the term of each lease

• Equipment:

5 years

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation methods are reviewed annually, with the effect of any changes in estimate
accounted for on a prospective basis.  

Application software

Application software is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated
useful life not exceeding five years. The amortization method and estimate of useful lives are reviewed annually.  

Acquired intangible assets

Acquired intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization.  Amortization is recognized in net profit on a straight-
line basis over the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

• Customer relationship Primacy:

indefinite

• Other customer relationships:

• Contracts with customers:

3 to 5 years

3 to 5 years

• Non-competition agreements:

7 years

The customer relationship from the Primacy acquisition, representing expected renewals of the acquired contract, is considered to have
an indefinite life based on the fact that the contract is renewable on an annual basis indefinitely. The amortization method and estimate
of useful life for all other intangible assets is reviewed annually.  

Impairment of equipment, application software and intangible assets

At each reporting period, management reviews the carrying amounts of its equipment, application software and acquired intangible
assets  to  determine  whether  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an  impairment  loss.  Intangible  assets  with  an
indefinite life are also tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset
might be impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of
the impairment loss, if any. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, management estimates
the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Where a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation
can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units. The Company performs its annual review of
acquired intangible assets with an indefinite life on September 30th each year.  

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value
of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of
the asset or cash-generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

38

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Impairment of goodwill 

Goodwill arising on the acquisition of a business represents the excess of the purchase price over the net fair value of identifiable assets,
liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired businesses recognized at the date of the acquisition. Goodwill is initially recognized as
an asset at cost, and is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.  For the purpose of impairment testing,
goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating units expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Cash-generating units or
groups of cash generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the unit might be impaired. For purposes of impairment testing of goodwill, cash-generating units
or groups of cash generating units correspond to the Company's reporting segments as disclosed in Note 17. 

When  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  is  less  than  the  carrying  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit,  the
impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of
the cash-generating unit on a pro-rata basis. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.
The Company performs its annual review of goodwill on September 30th each year.

Business acquisition

Acquisition of businesses is accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is
measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, and
liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related
costs are generally recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their fair value, except that deferred
tax assets or liabilities are recognised and measured in accordance with IAS 12 Income Taxes.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the
acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date
amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, the net of the acquisition-date amounts
of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-
controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is
recognised immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes a payment subject to the retention of the
principal  shareholders,  the  amount  is  deemed  to  represent  deferred  compensation  payable  to  such  shareholders  and  therefore  is
excluded  from  the  total  consideration  to  the  purchase,  and  is  expensed  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  retention  period  in  the
Company’s consolidated statement of net profit as deemed compensation related to acquisitions.

When  the  consideration  transferred  by  the  Company  in  a  business  combination  includes  assets  or  liabilities  resulting  from  a
contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as part
of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as
measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period
adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed
one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date.

Foreign currency translation

Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the rates of exchange pre-
vailing at the dates of the transactions. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period, unless
exchange rates fluctuated significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used.
At each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at each reporting
period.  Non-monetary  items  which  are  measured  in  terms  of  historical  cost  in  a  foreign  currency  are  not  retranslated.  Exchange
differences are recognized in net profit in the period in which they arise except for exchange differences on transactions entered into
in order to hedge certain foreign currencies (see note below for hedging policy).

The functional currency of the parent company and its subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

39

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value.  Transaction  costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the
acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through
profit  or  loss)  are  added  to  or  deducted  from  the  fair  value  of  the  financial  assets  or  financial  liabilities,  as  appropriate,  on  initial
recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit
or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss. 

Financial assets 

The classification of financial assets depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial
recognition. The Company’s financial assets are classified as follows:  

Cash
Accounts receivable
Derivative assets

Fair value through profit or loss
Loans and receivables
Fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”)

Financial assets are classified as at FVTPL if they are held for trading or are designated as such upon initial recognition. Financial assets
at FVTPL are measured at fair value.  Derivative assets are classified as FVTPL. Changes in fair value of financial assets other than
derivatives are recognized in net profit and changes in fair values of derivatives are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”).

Loans and receivables

Accounts receivable are classified as loans and receivables. Loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective
interest  method,  less  any  impairment.  Interest  income  is  recognized  by  applying  the  effective  interest  rate,  except  for  short-term
receivables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial.  

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting period. Financial assets are
impaired  where  there  is  objective  evidence  that,  as  a  result  of  one  or  more  events  that  occurred  after  the  initial  recognition  of  the
financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of financial assets have been impacted. Objective evidence of impairment could include
significant  financial  difficulty  of  the  issuer  or  counterparty,  default  or  delinquency  in  interest  or  principal  payments  or  it  becoming
probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial re-organization.

Accounts receivable are assessed for impairment individually. Objective evidence of impairment could include the Company’s past
experience of collecting payments, and an increase in the number of delayed payments past the average credit period.

For financial assets carried at amortized cost, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and
the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. 

Impairment losses, if any, are recognized in net profit. The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss
directly for all financial assets with the exception of accounts receivable, where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an
allowance  account.  When  an  accounts  receivable  is  considered  uncollectible,  it  is  written  off  against  the  allowance  account.
Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against the allowance account. Changes in the carrying amount
of the allowance account are recognized in net profit, if any. If in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases
and  the  decrease  can  be  related  objectively  to  an  event  occurring  after  the  impairment  was  recognized,  the  previously  recognized
impairment loss is reversed through net profit to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment at the date the impairment is
reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or other financial liabilities. The Company’s accounts payable and
accrued liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are initially measured at fair value
and  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method,  with  interest  expense  recognized  on  an
effective  yield  basis.  Derivative  liabilities  are  classified  as  FVTPL.  The  share  purchase  obligation  is  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the
Company’s shares at the end of each period.

40

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts))

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset (or financial liability), and of allocating
interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts
(cash disbursements), including all fees paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and
other premiums or discounts, through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period.  

Fair value hierarchy

The Company’s fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair
value hierarchy are:

Level  1 values  are  based  on  unadjusted  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  that  are  accessible  at  the  measurement  date  for
identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or
indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the
overall fair value measurement.

When  the  inputs  used  to  measure  fair  value  fall  within  more  than  one  level  of  the  hierarchy,  the  level  within  which  the  fair  value
measurement is categorized is based on the Company’s assessment of the lowest level input that is the most significant to the fair
value measurement.

Derivative financial instruments and risk management 

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments, mainly foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its foreign exchange
rate risk. The Company’s policy does not allow management to enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative
purposes.  Foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  are  entered  into  to  manage  the  foreign  exchange  rate  risk  on  foreign  denominated
financial assets and liabilities and foreign denominated forecasted transactions. 

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date a derivative contract is entered into with transaction costs recognized in profit
and loss. Derivatives are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized
in net profit immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the effective portion
of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income and is recognized in net profit when the hedged
item affects net profit. The Company expenses transaction costs related to its foreign exchange contracts. Fair value of the forward
exchange  contracts  reflects  the  cash  flows  due  to  or  from  the  Company  if  settlement  had  taken  place  at  the  end  of  the  period.
A derivative is presented as a non-current asset or a non-current liability if the remaining maturity of the instrument is more than 12
months and it is not expected to be realized or settled within 12 months. 

Hedge accounting

Management designates its foreign exchange forward contracts as either hedges of the fair value of recognized assets or liabilities (fair
value hedges) or hedges of highly probable forecast transactions and firm commitments (cash flow hedges).

At the inception of the hedge relationship, the Company documents the relationship between the hedging instruments and the hedged
items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions.  Furthermore, both at the
hedge’s inception and on an on-going basis, the Company also assesses whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions
are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in net profit immediately,
together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fair value of
the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in the line of the income
statement relating to the hedged item. 

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are deferred in other
comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective
portion is recognized immediately in net profit, and is included in other gains and losses, if any. Amounts deferred in other compre-
hensive  income  are  recycled  in  net  profit  in  the  periods  when  the  hedged  item  is  recognized  in  net  profit,  in  the  same  line  of  the
consolidated statement of net profit as the recognized hedged item.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

41

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Hedge  accounting  is  discontinued  when  management  revokes  the  hedging  relationship;  the  hedging  instrument  is  terminated  or  no
longer qualifies for hedge accounting. For fair value hedges, the adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the
hedged risk is amortized to net profit from that date. For cash flow hedges, any cumulative gain or loss deferred in other comprehensive
income at that time remains in other comprehensive income and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in
net profit. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was deferred in other compre-
hensive income is recognized immediately in net profit.

Note 18 sets out details of the fair values of the derivative instruments used for hedging purposes. Movements in the hedging reserve in
equity are also detailed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.

3. Changes in accounting policies 

During the current year, the Company has made no changes to its accounting policies.

4. Future changes in accounting policies 

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers 

In  April  2014,  the  IASB  released  IFRS  15  –  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers.  The  Standard  replaces  IAS11  Construction
Contracts  and  IAS18  Revenue,  providing  a  single  comprehensive  model  for  entities  to  use  in  accounting  for  revenue  arising  from
contracts  with  customers.  IFRS  15  is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2018.  The  Company  has  not  yet
assessed the impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 9 Financial instruments

IFRS 9 was issued by the IASB in November 2009 and October 2010, was amended in 2013, finalized in July 2014, and will replace IAS
39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”).

IFRS 9 uses a single approach to determine whether a financial instrument is measured at fair value through profit or loss, fair value
through other comprehensive income or amortized cost, replacing the multiple rules in IAS 39. The approach in IFRS 9 is based on how
an entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of those
financial instruments. The new standard also requires a single impairment method to be used, replacing the multiple impairment methods
in IAS 39. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The Company has not yet assessed the impact
of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16 Leases

In January 2016, the IASB released IFRS 16 Leases which replaces IAS 17 Leases. For lessees applying IFRS 16, a single recognition
and measurement model for leases would apply, with required recognition of assets and liabilities for most leases. IFRS 16 is effective
for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2019.  The  Company  has  not  yet  assessed  the  impact  of  the  adoption  of  this
standard on its consolidated financial statements.

5. Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty

Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the Company’s management to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  disclosure  of
contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

42

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

5. Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

Percentage completion on revenue

A  significant  portion  of  the  revenue  is  derived  from  fixed-price  contracts  which  can  extend  over  more  than  one  reporting  period.
Revenue from these fixed-price projects is recognized using the percentage of completion method using management’s best estimate
of the costs and related risks associated with completing the projects. The greatest risk on fixed-price contracts is the possibility of
cost  overruns.  Management’s  approach  to  revenue  recognition  is  tightly  linked  to  detailed  project  management  processes  and
controls. The information provided by the project management system combined with a knowledgeable assessment of technical com-
plexities and risks are used in estimating the percentage complete.

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets 

Determining  whether  goodwill  or  acquired  intangibles  assets  are  impaired  requires  an  estimation  of  the  value  in  use  of  the
cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires management to estimate the future
cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit, and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.

Income taxes

The Company records deferred income tax assets and liabilities related to deductible or taxable temporary differences. The Company
assesses  the  value  of  these  assets  and  liabilities  based  on  the  likelihood  of  the  realization  as  well  as  the  timing  of  reversal  given
management assessments of future taxable income.

Contingent liabilities

From time-to-time the Company is involved in claims in the normal course of business. Management assesses such claims and where
considered probable to result in an exposure and where the amount of the claim can be measured reliably, provisions for loss are made
based on management’s assessment of the likely outcome. 

Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

The Company has extensive commercial history upon which to base its provision for doubtful accounts receivable. Due to the nature
of the industry in which the Company operates, the Company does not create a general provision for bad debts but rather determines
bad debts on a specific account basis. 

For the years ended September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015, no material changes in estimates have been made. 

Judgments:

Financial instruments

The Company’s accounting policy with regards to financial instruments is described in Note 2. In applying this policy, judgments are made
in applying the criteria set out in IAS 39 – Financial instruments: recognition and measurement, to record financial instruments at fair value
through profit or loss, and the assessments of the classification of financial instruments and effectiveness of hedging relationships.

Accounting policy for equipment and intangible assets

Management makes judgments in determining the most appropriate methodology for amortizing long-lived assets over their useful
lives. The method chosen is intended to mirror, to the best extent possible, the consumption of the asset.

Deferred income taxes

The Company’s accounting policy with regards to income taxes is described in Note 2. In applying this policy, judgments are made in
determining the probability of whether deductions or tax credits can be utilized and related timing of such items.

Percentage complete methodology

The Company uses judgment in determining the most appropriate basis on which to determine percentage of completion. Options
available to the Company include the proportion that contract costs incurred for work performed to-date bear to the estimated total
contract  costs,  surveys  of  work  performed,  and  completion  of  a  physical  proportion  of  the  contract  work.  While  the  Company
considers the costs to complete, the stage of completion is assessed based upon the assessment of the proportion of the contract
completed.  Judgments are also made in determining what costs are project costs for determining the percentage complete. 

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

43

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts))

6. Equipment

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Carrying
Value

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Leasehold improvements

$

1,608

$

1,270

$

338

Equipment

14,421

9,287

5,134

$

16,029

$ 10,557

$

5,472

$

$

1,609

13,601

15,210

$

$

1,094

8,871

9,965

7. Application software

Carrying
Value

$

515

4,730

$ 5,245

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Carrying
Value

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Carrying
Value

Application software

$

3,067

$

2,455

$

612

$

2,686

$

2,309

$

377

8. Acquired intangible assets

Acquired intangible assets are allocated to the Business and Technology Services Division segment.

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Carrying
Value

Cost

Accumulated
Amortization

Carrying
Value

Customer relationship

related to Primacy

$

Other customer relationships 

Contract with customers

Non-competition agreements

Trademarks

1,909

3,815

1,485

249

78

$

-

$

1,909

$

3,031

1,333

196

78

784

152

53

-

1,909

3,815

1,485

249

78

$

-

$ 1,909

2,144

1,671

958

134

54

527

115

24

$

7,536

$

4,638

$

2,898

$

7,536

$

3,290

$ 4,246

44

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

9. Goodwill

Business and
Technology Services

Annual test for impairment

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

Cost

Impairment

Carrying
Amount

Cost

Impairment

Carrying
Amount

$ 12,037

$ 12,037

$

$

-

-

$ 12,037

$ 12,037

$

$

12,037

12,037

$

$

-

-

$ 12,037

$ 12,037

Goodwill  recorded  is  allocated  in  its  entirety  to  the  Business  and  Technology  Services  division.  At  September  30,  2016  and  2015,
management  assessed  the  recoverable  amount  of  goodwill  and  concluded  that  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  was  not  required.
The recoverable amount of the cash-generating units or groups of cash generating units was assessed by reference to value in use. 

For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the discount factor assumption of 12% to 15% and the growth rate assumption
of 0% to 3% were used in arriving at value in use for the Business and Technology Services segment. Outlooks for the next three years
were  used  as  the  basis  for  the  future  cash  flow  estimates,  and  the  future  estimated  growth  rates  were  validated  by  comparing  to
average growth levels for the previous 5 years.

10. Issued capital and reserves

Issued capital

Authorized: Unlimited number of common shares, no par value

Unlimited number of preferred shares issuable in series, no par value

Issued: 

Common shares as follows:

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

Balance, beginning of year

Shares issued under stock option plan

Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan

Shares

7,378,298

83,500

21,801

Amount

$ 20,673

1,759

388

Shares

7,353,908

5,000

19,390

Amount

$ 20,161

99

413

Issued capital

7,483,599

$ 22,820

7,378,298

$ 20,673

Subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  statement  of  financial  position,  on  November  9,  2016,  the  date  of  issuance  of  these  consolidated
financial statements, the Company declared a dividend of $0.28 per common share payable on December 7, 2016.

Contributed surplus

Contributed  surplus  comprises  the  value  of  share-based  compensation  expense  related  to  options  granted  that  have  not  been
exercised or have expired unexercised.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

45

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

11. Share-based compensation

Stock Options

The Company had an established stock option plan which expired on February 5, 2016 when the shareholders elected not to renew
the  plan.  Under  the  plan,  eligible  directors  and  employees  were  granted  the  right  to  purchase  shares  of  common  stock  at  a  price
established by the Board of Directors on the date the options were granted but in no circumstances below fair market value of the
shares at the date of grant. Effective February 5, 2016, no further grants can be made under the plan. As at September 30, 2016 (2015),
351,500 (495,000) options are outstanding of which 331,500 (391,100) are exercisable. During the years ended September 30, 2016
(2015), NIL (95,000) options were granted and 83,500 (NIL) options were exercised.

The following share-based payment arrangements are in existence:

Option series:

Number

Grant date

Expiry date
price

Exercise 

Fair value at
grantdate

(1) Issued August 13, 2012

92,500

August 13, 2012

August 12, 2017

(2) Issued September 3, 2014

165,250

September 3, 2014

September 3, 2019

(3) Issued September 9, 2015

93,750

September 9, 2015

September 9, 2020

$ 20.54

$ 19.70

$ 17.69

$

$

$

0.99

1.18

0.90

For the option issuance dated August 13, 2012, 49,000 options vested immediately with the remaining vesting through to August 13,
2014. For the option issuance dated September 3, 2014, 50,600 options vested immediately with the remaining vesting through to
September 3, 2016. For the option issuance dated September 9, 2015, 29,000 options vested immediately with the remaining vesting
through to September 9, 2017.

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended September 30, 2015 was $0.90 per option calculated using
the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model.  Where  relevant,  the  expected  life  of  the  options  was  based  on  historical  data  for  similar
issuance  and  adjusted  based  on  management’s  best  estimate  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercises  restrictions  and
behavioural considerations. Expected volatility is based on historical price volatility over the past 5 years. To allow for the effects of
early exercise, it was assumed that options would be exercised on average 4.0 years after vesting. The following assumptions were
used to determine the fair value of the options granted in 2015:

Grant date share price

Exercise price

Expected price volatility

Expected option life

Expected dividend yield

Risk-free interest rate

Forfeiture rate

$

$

2015

17.69

17.69

17.6%

4.0 yrs

6.4%

1.0%

0%

46

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

11. Share-based compensation (continued)

Outstanding, beginning of year

Exercised

Expired

Granted

Outstanding, end of year 

2016

Options

495,000

(83,500)

(60,000)

-

351,500

Weighted Avg. 
Exercise Price 

$

$

$

$

$

19.40

20.00

18.65

-

19.38

2015

Weighted Avg.
Exercise Price

$

$

$

$

$

19.80

18.65

20.12

17.69

19.40

Options

415,000

(5,000)

(10,000)

95,000

495,000

At September 30, 2016 (2015) there were 351,500 (495,000) options outstanding with a weighted average remaining contractual life of
2.1 (2.9) years of which 331,500 (391,100) were exercisable at a weighted average price of $19.49 ($19.65).

Employee stock purchase plan

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") under which most full-time employees may register once a year to
participate in one of two offering periods.  Eligible employees may purchase common shares by payroll deduction throughout the year
at a price of 80% of the fair market value at the beginning of the initial offering period or may purchase common shares at a price of
90% of the fair market value at the beginning of the interim offering period.  Such shares are issued from treasury once a year at the
end of the offering periods. A total of 750,000 common shares have been authorized for issuance under the plan. During 2016 (2015),
the Company issued 21,801 (19,390) shares under the ESPP at an average price of $14.92 ($17.99) for a total cash of $325 ($349) and
total non-cash of $63 ($64). Employees subscribed to approximately 32,200 common shares, which will be issued during fiscal 2017
at an average price of $12.83. Since inception and including the issuance of shares in 2016, 430,724 shares have been issued under
the plan. 

12. Net profit per share
The diluted weighted average number of shares has been calculated as follows:

Weighted average number of common shares – basic
Additions to reflect the dilutive effect of employee stock options

Weighted average number of common shares – diluted

2016

7,411,361
7,499

7,418,860

2015

7,366,652
-

7,366,652

Options that are anti-dilutive because the exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares are not
included in the computation of diluted net profit per share. For 2016 (2015), 257,750 (495,000) options were excluded from the above
computation of diluted weighted average number of common shares because they were anti-dilutive.

Net profit is the measure of profit or loss used to calculate profit per share.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

47

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

13. Income taxes 

The following table reconciles the difference between the income taxes that would result solely by applying statutory tax rates to pre-
tax income and the reported income tax expenses:

Profit before income taxes

Tax provision at the combined basic Canadian federal
and provincial income tax rate of 26.9% (2015: 26.7%)

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profits
Impact of rate reductions on valuation of deferred income tax assets
Other

Income tax expense

The effective income tax rate in the year was 26.9% (2015 - 26.7%).

The movements of deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below: 

2016

$ 18,770

5,053

217
14
(107)
$ 5,177

Deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Equipment
and software
application

Acquired
intangible
assets

Cash flow
hedging
reserve

Deferred tax liability at September 30, 2015

$

Credited (debited) to statement of net profit

Credited (debited) to other comprehensive income

(259)

(289)

-

Deferred tax liability at September 30, 2016

$

(548)

$

(768)

$

$

170

$

(1,145)

$

1,014

$

377

-

-

(780)

234

Other

91

79

-

2015

$

13,524

3,604

323
20
(190)
3,757

Total

(299)

167

(780)

(912)

$

$

$

Deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Equipment
and Software
application

Acquired
intangible
assets

Deferred tax liability at September 30, 2014

$

(178)

$

(1,524)

Credited (debited) to income statement of net profit 

Credited (debited) to other comprehensive income

(81)

-

379

-

Deferred tax liability at September 30, 2015

$

(259)

$

(1,145)

Cash flow
hedging
reserve

$

$

(48)

-

1,062

1,014

Other

Total

$

$

78

13

-

91

$

(1,672)

311

1,062

$

(299)

48

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

14. Construction contracts 

Construction contract revenues recorded during the period ended September 30, 2016 are $89,037 (2015: $71,218) substantially all of
which is from the Systems Engineering Division. 

Contracts in progress at the balance sheet date:

Construction costs incurred plus recognized profits 

less recognized losses to-date

Less: progress billings

Recognized and included in the consolidated financial statements as amounts due:

From customers under construction contracts
To customers under construction contracts

2016

254,607 
(248,017)
6,590

2016

17,311
(10,721)
6,590

$

$

$

$

2015

$ 203,581 
(188,742)
14,839

$

2015

19,939
(5,100)
14,839

$

$

At September 30, 2016 (2015), advances received from customers for contract work amounted to $11,271 ($6,980).

As  at  September  30,  2016  (2015),  the  Company  had  $2,323  ($1,952)  in  holdbacks  receivable.  Holdbacks  are  amounts  of  progress
billings that are not paid until the satisfaction of conditions specified in the contract for the payment of such amounts or until defects
have been rectified. The entire amount for 2016 and 2015 is considered to be a short-term receivable.  

15. Commitments 

The  Company  has  non-cancellable  lease  agreements  for  office  space  and  equipment  with  terms  extending  to  the  year  2026.    The
aggregate minimum rental payments under these arrangements are as follows:

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
thereafter
Total

$

$

3,419
2,785
2,230
2,083
2,100
7,634
20,251 

16. Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to business and employee related claims.   The potential outcomes related to
existing  matters  faced  by  the  Company  are  not  determinable  at  this  time.    The  Company  intends  to  defend  these  actions,  and
management believes that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. 

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

49

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

17. Segmented information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for
evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, regarding how to allocate resources and assess performance.  The Company’s chief
operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company operates in two reportable segments described below, defined
by their primary type of service offering, namely Systems Engineering and Business and Technology Services.

• Systems Engineering involves planning, designing and implementing solutions that meet a customer’s specific business and

technical needs, primarily in the satellite communications sector. 

• Business and Technology Services involves short and long-term placements of personnel to augment customers’ workforces as
well as the long-term management of projects, facilities and customer business processes. This segment includes the recent
acquisitions: Med-Team, Amtek and DWP as explained in Note 19.

The  Company  evaluates  performance  and  allocates  resources  based  on  profit  before  interest  and  income  taxes.  The  accounting
policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Revenues reported below represents revenue generated from
external customers. There were no significant inter-segment sales in the year.

For the year ended September 30, 2016

Systems
Engineering

Business and
Technology
Services

Corporate

Total

Revenues
Profit before interest income and income tax
Interest income
Income tax expense (Note 13)

Net profit 

$

82,141
11,638

$ 192,446
9,792

$

-
(2,697)

$ 274,587
18,733
37
(5,177)

$

13,593

Total assets other than cash and goodwill
Goodwill
Cash

Total assets

$

40,245
-
-

$

40,245

$ 48,485
12,037
-

$ 60,522

$

131
-
16,761

$

88,861
12,037
16,761

$ 16,892

$ 117,659

Equipment and application software expenditures 

$

1,147

$

604

$

-

$

1,751

For the year ended September 30, 2015

Systems
Engineering

Business and
Technology
Services

Corporate

Total

Revenue
Profit before interest income and income tax expense
Interest income
Income tax expense (Note 13)

Net profit 

$

70,188
10,077

$ 172,065
5,461

$

-
(2,101)

$ 242,253
13,437
87
(3,757)

$

9,767

50

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

17. Segmented information (continued)

Total assets other than cash and goodwill
Goodwill 
Cash
Total assets

Systems
Engineering

$

$

37,488
-
-
37,488

Business and
Technology
Services

$ 42,073
12,037
-
$ 54,110

Corporate

$

105
-
10,624
$ 10,729

Total

$

79,666
12,037
10,624
$ 102,327

Equipment and application software expenditures 

$

2,275

$

426

$

  -

$

2,701

The Company operates in Canada but provides services to customers in various countries. Revenues from external customers are
attributed as follows:

Canada

United States

Europe

2016

75%

19%

6%

2015

77%

18%

5%

Revenues are attributed to foreign countries based on the location of the customer.  No assets are held outside of Canada. Revenues
from various departments and agencies of the Canadian federal government for the year ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 repre-
sented 61% (62%) of the Company’s total revenues. Both operating segments conduct business with this major customer. In addition
for the year ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 revenues from Hughes Networks represented 11% (12%) of the Company's total
revenues, all generated from the SED division.

18. Financial instruments and risk management

Capital Risk Management

The Company’s objective is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain
future  development  of  the  business  and  provide  the  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  Management  defines  capital  as  the
Company’s shareholders’ equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income relating to cash flow hedges.  The Company
does  not  have  any  debt  and  therefore  net  profit  generated  from  operations  are  available  for  reinvestment  in  the  Company  or
distribution  to  the  Company’s  shareholders.  The  Board  of  Directors  does  not  establish  quantitative  return  on  capital  criteria  for
management; but rather promotes year-over-year sustainable profitable growth. The Board of Directors also reviews on a quarterly
basis the level of dividends paid to the Company’s shareholders and monitors the share repurchase program activities. The Company
does not have a defined share repurchase plan and buy and sell decisions are made on a specific transaction basis and depend on
market prices and regulatory restrictions. There were no changes in the Company’s approach to capital management during the period.
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

51

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

18. Financial instruments and risk management (continued)

Market Risk

Market  risk  is  the  risk  that  changes  in  market  prices,  such  as  foreign  exchange  rates,  and  interest  rates  will  affect  the  Company’s
income or the value of its holding of financial instruments.

Foreign currency risk related to contracts

The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations on its cash balance, accounts receivable, accounts payable and future cash
flows  related  to  contracts  denominated  in  a  foreign  currency.  Future  cash  flows  will  be  realized  over  the  life  of  the  contracts.  The
Company  utilizes  derivative  financial  instruments,  principally  in  the  form  of  forward  exchange  contracts,  in  the  management  of  its
foreign currency exposures.  The Company’s objective is to manage and control exposures and secure the Company’s profitability on
existing contracts and therefore, the Company’s policy is to hedge 100% of its foreign currency exposure. The Company does not
utilize derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company applies hedge accounting when appropriate
documentation and effectiveness criteria are met. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments
and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions.  This process
includes linking all derivatives to specific firm contractually related commitments on projects.  The Company also formally assesses,
both  at  the  hedge’s  inception  and  on  an  ongoing  basis,  whether  the  derivatives  that  are  used  in  hedging  transactions  are  highly
effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. Hedge ineffectiveness has historically been insignificant.

The  forward  foreign  exchange  contracts  primarily  require  the  Company  to  purchase  or  sell  certain  foreign  currencies  with  or  for
Canadian dollars at contractual rates. 

At September 30, 2016, the Company had the following forward foreign exchange contracts:

Type

SELL

SELL

Derivative assets

BUY

SELL

BUY

Derivative liabilities

Notional

39,789

10,201

17,127

1,000

4,385

Currency

Maturity

USD

October 2016

EURO

October 2016

Equivalent
Cdn. Dollars

$ 52,191

15,032

USD

October 2016

$ 22,465

USD September 2017

EURO

October 2016

1,312

6,462

Fair Value 
September 30,
2016

$

$

$

$

450

84

534

194

254

36

484

52

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

18. Financial instruments and risk management (continued)

At September 30, 2015, the Company had the following forward foreign exchange contracts:

Type

SELL

SELL

Derivative assets

BUY

SELL

SELL

BUY

Derivative liabilities

Notional

53,291

3,391

26,423

1,000

1,000

63

Currency

Maturity

USD

October 2015 

EURO

October 2015

Equivalent
Cdn. Dollars

$ 71,117

5,070

USD

October 2015

$ 35,261

USD September 2016

USD September 2017

EURO

October 2015

1,335

1,335

94

Fair Value
September 30,
2015

$

$

$

$

394

30

424

196

300

254

1

751

A 10% strengthening of the Canadian dollar against the following currency at September 30, 2016 would have increased (decreased)
other comprehensive income by the amounts shown below. 

September 30,
2016
2,822
780
3,602

$

$

USD
EURO

Credit risk

Credit  risk  is  the  risk  of  financial  loss  to  the  Company  if  a  customer  or  counterparty  to  a  financial  instrument  fails  to  meet  its
contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s accounts receivable and its foreign exchange contracts.

The Company’s exposure to credit risk with its customers is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The
Company’s customers are for the most part, federal and provincial government departments and large private companies. A significant
portion of the Company’s accounts receivable is from long-time customers. At September 30, 2016 (2015), 61% (62%) of its accounts
receivable were due from the Government of Canada. Over the last five years the Company has not suffered any significant credit
related losses.

The  Company  limits  its  exposure  to  credit  risks  from  counter-parties  to  derivative  financial  instruments  by  dealing  only  with  major
Canadian financial institutions. Management does not expect any counter-parties to fail to meet their obligations.

The  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets  represents  the  maximum  credit  exposure.  The  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  at  the
reporting date was:

Cash
Accounts receivable
Derivative assets

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

$

16,761
61,032
534

$

78,327

$

10,624
50,494
424

$

61,542

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

53

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

18. Financial instruments and risk management (continued)

The aging of accounts receivable at the reporting date was:

Current
Past due (61-120 days)
Past due (> 120 days)

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

$

59,790
971
271

$

61,032

$

47,891
2,409
194

$

50,494

Based on historic default rates, the Company believes that there are minimal requirements for an allowance for doubtful accounts.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company’s approach
to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet liabilities when due. At
September 30, 2016 the Company has a cash balance of $16,761 and has an unsecured credit facility, subject to annual renewal.   The
credit facility permits the Company to borrow funds up to an aggregate of $10,000. As at September 30, 2016 an amount of $75 was
drawn to issue a letter of credit to meet customer contractual requirements.  All of the Company’s financial liabilities have contractual
maturities of less than 30 days.

Fair Value

The fair value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates their carrying values due to their short-
term maturity. Fair value of the forward exchange contracts reflects the cash flows due to or from the Company if settlement had taken
place on September 30, 2016, and represent the difference between the hedge rate and the exchange rate at the end of the reporting
period.

The  following  table  provides  an  analysis  of  financial  instruments  that  are  measured  subsequent  to  initial  recognition  at  fair  value,
grouped into Levels 1 to 3 of the fair value hierarchy based on the degree to which the fair value is observable:

• Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are

observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

• Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are

not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Cash
Derivative financial assets
Derivative financial liabilities

Total

Cash
Derivative financial assets
Derivative financial liabilities

Total

$

2016
Level 1
16,761
-
-

$

16,761

$

2015
Level 1
10,624
-
-

$

10,624

2016
Level 2
-
534
(484)

50

2015
Level 2
-
424
(751)

(327)

$

$

$

$

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

54

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.

Calian Group Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

(Canadian dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

19. Acquisitions

Amtek Engineering Services Ltd. (“Amtek”)

Under the contingent consideration arrangement, the Company is required to pay the former shareholders of Amtek an additional $900
and $900 if Amtek attains specified levels of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) for the years ended
April 30, 2015 and 2016 respectively. During the years ended September 30, 2015 (2016), the Company paid $900 ($830) related to the
first (second) year earn-outs. 

DWP Solutions Inc. (DWP) 

Under the contingent consideration arrangement, the Company is required to pay the former shareholders of DWP an additional $300
and $375 if DWP attains specified levels of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) for the years ended
June 30, 2015 and 2016 respectively. During the years ended September 30, 2015 (2016) the Company paid $300 ($365) related to the
first (second) year earn-outs.

20. Pension Plan

The Company sponsors a defined contribution pension plan for certain number of its employees.  Required contributions have been
fully funded to September 30, 2016.  For fiscal 2016 (2015), an amount of $843 ($804) was expensed related to this pension plan.

21. Related Party Transactions

Transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries,  which  are  related  parties  of  the  Company,  have  been  eliminated  on
consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. Other than transactions related to the compensation of key management personnel
as described below, there have been no other transactions between the Company and other related parties.

Compensation of key management personnel:

The compensation for directors and other members of key management during the year was as follows. The compensation of
directors and key executives is determined by the compensation committee having regards to the performance of individuals
and  market  trends.  The  key  executives  are  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  the  Vice-President,
Systems Engineering Division.

Short-term benefits

Share-based payments

22. Subsequent Event

2016

1,937

140

2,077

$

$

2015

1,950

134

2,084

$

$

On  October  31,  2016,  the  Company  invested  $100  to  acquire  a  non-controlling  interest  in  common  shares  of  Cliniconex  Inc.,  an
Ottawa-based patient outreach solutions vendor. As part of the investment, a member of the Company’s management team has been
appointed to the Cliniconex Inc. Board of Directors. The investment will be measured at cost.

Calian Group Ltd.

2016 Annual Report 

55

 
Common Share Information

The  Company’s  common  shares  are  listed  for  trading  on
the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol CGY.   

Dividend Policy

The  Company  intends  to  continue  to  declare  a  quarterly
dividend in line with its overall financial performance and
cash flow generation. Decisions on dividend payments are
made on a quarterly basis by the Board of Directors. There
can be no assurance as to the amount of such dividends
in the future. 

Annual Meeting of Shareholders

The  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Shareholders  of
Calian will be held on February 3, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. at
the  Brookstreet  Hotel,  Ottawa,  Ontario,  Canada.  All
shareholders are invited to attend. The telephone number
of the Brookstreet Hotel is 613.271.1800.

Corporate Information

Corporate & Business
and Technology Services 

340 Legget Drive, Suite 101,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2K 1Y6
Phone: 613.599.8600
Fax: 613.599.8650
Web: www.calian.com

Systems Engineering (SED)

18 Innovation Blvd.
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
S7N 3R1
Phone: 306.931.3425
Fax: 306.933.1486
Web: www.sedsystems.ca

Primacy Management Inc.

2321 Fairview Street, Suite 100
Burlington, Ontario
L7R 2E3
Phone: 905.637.2888

Board of Directors

Kenneth J. Loeb
President, Mystic Investment Inc.
Chairman, Calian Group Ltd.
Chair of the Nominating Committee

David Tkachuk
Senator
Chair of the Compensation Committee

Richard Vickers, FCA
Consultant
Chair of the Audit Committee

George Weber 
President and CEO,
Royal Ottawa Health Care Group
Chair of the Governance Committee

Ray Basler 
Consultant

Jo-Anne Poirier
President and CEO EO, VON Canada

Kevin Ford 
President and CEO, Calian Group Ltd.

56

2016 Annual Report 

Calian Group Ltd.