Annual Report 2023
Ambitions
made real
CIBC’s purpose is to help
make your ambition a reality
Who we are
CIBC is a leading and well-diversifed North American fnancial institution committed
to creating enduring value for all our stakeholders – our clients, team, communities and
shareholders. We are guided by our purpose – to help make your ambition a reality,
and we are activating our resources to create positive change and contribute to a more
secure, equitable and sustainable future.
Across our bank and our businesses – Personal and Business Banking, Commercial
Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services –
our 48,000 employees bring our purpose to life every day for our 14 million personal
banking, business, public sector and institutional clients in Canada, the U.S. and
around the world.
Our strategy
Throughout 2023, we continued to focus on executing against our ambition of building a
modern relationship-oriented bank that delivers superior client experience and top-tier
shareholder returns while maintaining our fnancial strength, risk discipline and advancing
our purpose-driven culture. Going forward, we will drive long-term growth and build on
our momentum through our client-focused strategy that includes four strategic priorities:
1. Growing our mass afuent and private wealth franchise in Canada and the U.S.;
2. Expanding our digital banking ofering in Canada;
3. Delivering connectivity and diferentiation to commercial and capital markets
clients; and
4. Enabling, simplifying and protecting our bank.
2023 highlights
$5.0B
Reported net income
10.3%
Return on equity(1)
14M
Clients
$6.5B
Adjusted net income(2)
13.3%
Adjusted return on equity(2)
12.4%
Common Equity
Tier 1 (CET1) ratio(3)
(1) For additional information on the
composition of these specifed fnancial
measures, see the “Glossary” section of
the MD&A.
(2) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP
measures. For additional information, see
the “Non-GAAP measures” section of the
management’s discussion and analysis
(MD&A), including the quantitative
reconciliation of reported GAAP measure
to adjusted net income on pages 15 to 19.
(3) Calculated pursuant to Ofce of the
Superintendent of Financial Institutions
(OSFI) Capital Adequacy Requirements
(CAR) Guideline, which is based on
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
(BCBS) standards.
2023 Performance
at a glance
Business mix
(% reported revenue)
40%
Canadian
Personal and
Business Banking
23%
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
12%
U.S. Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
24%
Capital Markets
and Direct
Financial Services
1%
Corporate
and Other
Reported earnings
(1)
per share
($)
Adjusted earnings
(1)
per share (2)
($)
6.96 6.68
$5.16
7.23
7.05 $6.72
Reported revenue
($ billions)
(1)
Dividend
($/share)
$23.3
21.8
20.0
3.27 $3.44
2.92
21
22
23
21
22
23
21
22
23
21
22
23
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder
of record at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held
on the Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to refect the Share Split as if it was retroactively
applied to all periods presented.
(2) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable,
see the “Non-GAAP measures” section of the MD&A.
Table of contents
2023 Performance at a glance
Our commitment to ESG
Client experience
Message from the President and Chief Executive Ofcer
Message from the Chair of the Board
Enhanced Disclosure Task Force
Management’s discussion and analysis
Consolidated fnancial statements
Notes to the consolidated fnancial statements
Quarterly review
Ten-year statistical review
Shareholder information
i
v
vi
xi
xii
1
108
121
195
197
200
Financial highlights
For the year ended October 31 (Canadian $ in billions, except as noted)
Financial results
Revenue
Provision for credit losses
Expenses
Reported/Adjusted net income(1)
Adjusted pre-provision, pre-tax earnings(1)
Financial measures (%)
Reported(2)/Adjusted efciency ratio(1)
Reported(2)/Adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity (ROE)(1)
Net interest margin on average interest-earnings assets (3)
Net interest margin on average interest-earnings assets (excluding trading)(4)
Total shareholder return
Common share information
Reported/Adjusted diluted earnings per share (5)
Market capitalization
Dividends (%)
Dividend yield
Reported /Adjusted dividend payout ratio(1)
Net income by strategic business unit
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
(2)
(2)
(1)
2023
2022
23.3
2.0
14.3
5.0/6.5
10.2
21.8
1.1
12.8
6.2/6.6
9.4
61.5/55.8
10.3/13.3
1.49
1.66
(15.9)
58.6/56.4
14.0/14.7
1.58
1.66
(13.6)
5.16/6.72
45.5
6.68/7.05
56.1
7.0
66.6/51.2
5.3
48.8/46.3
2.4
1.9
0.4
2.0
2.2
1.9
0.8
1.9
2023 Financial scorecard
Diluted earnings per
share (EPS) growth(5)
Return on equity
(ROE)(2)
Operating leverage(2)
CET1 ratio
Dividend
payout ratio(2)
Total shareholder
return
Medium-term target
7%–10% annually (7)
(6)
At least 16% (7)
(6)
Positive (7)
(6)
Strong bufer to
regulatory requirement
(6)
40%–50% (7)
Reported results
Adjusted results(1)
3-year CAGR = 7.9%
5-year CAGR = (2.4)%
(8)
(8)
3-year average = 13.5%
5-year average = 13.0%
3-year CAGR = 11.5%
5-year CAGR = 1.9%
3-year average = 14.9%
5-year average = 14.4%
3-year average = (0.6)%
5-year average = (1.5)%
3-year average = 0.0%
5-year average = (0.1)%
12.4%
3-year average = 52.4%
5-year average = 55.6%
3-year average = 45.9%
5-year average = 48.9%
Outperform the S&P/TSX
Composite Banks Index over a
rolling three- and fve-year period
CIBC:
Banks Index:
3-year
15.0%
36.2%
5-year
12.7%
29.8%
(1) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section of the MD&A, including the quantitative
reconciliations of reported GAAP measures to: adjusted net income on pages 15 to 19; and adjusted pre-provision, pre-tax earnings on page 20.
(2) For additional information on the composition of these specifed fnancial measures, see the “Glossary” section of the MD&A.
(3) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(4) Net interest margin on average interest-earnings assets (excluding trading) is computed using total net interest income minus trading net interest income,
excluding the applicable TEB adjustment included therein, divided by total average interest-earning assets minus average trading interest-earning assets. For
additional information, see the “Glossary” section of the MD&A.
(5) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record
at the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date.
All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to refect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
(6) Based on adjusted measures. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results,
where applicable, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section of the MD&A.
(7) Medium-term targets are defned as through the cycle. For additional information, see the “Overview” section of the MD&A.
(8) The 3-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is calculated from 2020 to 2023 and the 5-year CAGR is calculated from 2018 to 2023.
Our commitment to ESG
At CIBC, we imagine a better world.
More equitable.
More inclusive.
More sustainable.
Where everyone’s ambitions are made real.
Our ESG strategy builds on our history of
ESG leadership to advance the changes needed
to address pressing societal challenges
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
i
Our commitment to ESG
Building integrity and trust
We act with integrity and transparency to maintain
the trust that clients have placed in us
Fostering the trust of our clients through
trustworthy artifcial intelligence (AI)
Privacy
Fairness
Security
Trustworthy
AI Principles
Accountability
Transparency
Reliability
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CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Our Trustworthy AI Principles are the driving force behind our
approach to ensure that AI systems are developed and used in
a manner that fosters trust amongst all stakeholders and helps
position us to manage related and emerging risks efectively.
In consultation with industry experts, we have proactively
developed a future-ready AI governance framework based on these
Trustworthy AI principles and formulated an actionable roadmap
to operationalize it enterprise-wide. This enhances our governance
and risk management processes to promptly address risks that are
unique to AI, and to be ready to comply with emerging regulations.
We have also developed and published Generative AI guidelines for
all CIBC team members, which governs how we use AI technology
across our bank and articulates the guardrails in place to use it
safely, responsibly and ethically as we unlock new possibilities for
our bank, our clients and our teams.
We continue to be actively involved in collaborating with industry
peers, regulatory bodies and subject matter experts in conducting
industry research and aligning to best practices and upcoming AI
regulatory obligations. We are also focused on developing a skilled
and adaptable workforce that can efectively harness the power of
AI through upskilling and training that empowers employees to work
collaboratively with AI systems, as well as hiring AI talent.
Ensuring integrity in how we manage data
We enhanced our Data Ethics Impact and Risk Assessment process
to ensure we consistently enhance how we identify ethical data risks
including impacts on clients, employees and our brand.
Protecting and safeguarding data
As part of our cyber security strategy, we continue to invest in robust
security processes and solutions to enhance our cyber program and
capabilities. We conduct rigorous monitoring of our systems and
networks and empower CIBC employees to be cyber champions
through awareness training to ensure the confdentiality, availability
and integrity of client information. To validate our resilience and
preparedness to combat security threats, we conduct thorough
cyber testing and implement lessons learned into our program.
Our commitment to ESG
Creating access to opportunities
We partner to build equitable and resilient communities
where ambitions are more attainable for all
$800M
in corporate giving,
community sponsorships,
and employee giving and
fundraising over the next
10 years (2023–2032).(1)
Built on our long-standing history of supporting our communities,
CIBC and the CIBC Foundation are committed to creating a world
without limits to ambition.
CIBC partners with organizations such as Connected North
and Indigenous Institutes Consortium (IIC), fostering student
engagement and enhanced education outcomes in Indigenous
communities.
Connected North provides live, interactive virtual learning
experiences and access to educational resources for students and
teachers to 150 schools in remote communities across Canada.
The sessions include those in science, technology, engineering
and math (STEM). The Connected North CIBC STEM Learning
Fund was established so more science-based programming could
be created, increasing access to education and skill development
in underserved communities. In 2023, Connected North delivered
250 STEM sessions supporting nearly 5,000 interactions with
First Nations, Métis and Inuit youth across Canada.
We have entered a multi-year partnership with IIC which represents
seven Indigenous-owned post-secondary education and training
institutions in Ontario. This new partnership will support access to
education and employment opportunities of Indigenous learners
at these institutions by offering 14 new scholarships per year for
the next five years to Indigenous students.
CIBC is committed
to helping make life
easier and removing
barriers to access for
newcomers
Each year thousands of new
residents arrive in Canada
with a shared ambition
of calling it home. To help
newcomers succeed in
Canada, we have developed
products and services,
tools and resources and
engaged in partnerships
to support newcomers on
their journey towards full
and active citizenship.
Building financial resilience
CIBC’s newcomer banking bundle provides tailored financial solutions to help newcomers get
setup quickly and easily and includes: free day-to-day banking for two years, no annual fee for
two years on select CIBC credit cards, ease of applying for credit cards without being required
to provide credit history, and a competitive referral program as well as cash offers.
We also provide personalized advice and online resources to help newcomers navigate
getting settled into Canada and everyday living with the CIBC Smart Newcomer Hub and
CIBC Smart Guide to Canada which is available online.
Facilitating economic inclusion
Through our partnerships with the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council (TRIEC)
and TENT’s LGBTQ+ Refugee Mentorship Program, CIBC helps newcomers navigate the
job market and encourages them to explore hiring and mentorship opportunities across our
Canadian operations.
Accelerating the integration to community
Executing against our vision to support newcomers, we recently partnered with the Institute
of Canadian Citizenship (ICC), a national charity that supports newcomers on their journey
towards full and active citizenship, championing newcomers to socially integrate and discover
the best of Canada for free. ICC’s digital app, Canoo, provides newcomers with free access
to Canada’s best cultural experiences and nature attractions. Canoo members will also have
access to CIBC’s financial tools, advice and resources.
(1) Includes donations from CIBC to the CIBC Foundation as well as donations from the CIBC Foundation funded from investment growth.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
iii
Our commitment to ESG
Accelerating climate action
We support solutions to address climate change, to help
transition to a sustainable, low carbon future
Goal to mobilize
$300B
towards sustainable
fnance activities between
2018 and 2030.(1)
Achieving CIBC’s collective sustainability ambitions requires
system-wide change through collaboration and partnership.
In addition to directly supporting our clients, CIBC is partnering
within the broader ecosystem to mobilize capital, inform policy,
enable technology and develop the next generation of energy
transition leaders.
Supporting our clients’ sustainability ambitions
We are helping our clients align their funding goals to their
sustainability strategy through industry-leading advice and
capital markets solutions like Hydro One Inc.’s inaugural ofering
of $1.05 billion medium term notes under Hydro One’s new
Sustainable Financing Framework (Framework) where CIBC
acted as co-sustainability structuring agent and joint bookrunner
representing the largest aggregate sustainable corporate bond
issuance in Canada. The Framework allows Hydro One Limited
and its subsidiaries to issue sustainable fnancing instruments
towards green and social projects, which is a frst for a utility
company in Canada. Net proceeds under the Framework may
be allocated towards clean energy, energy efciency, clean
transportation, biodiversity conservation, climate change
adaptation, socio-economic advancement of Indigenous peoples
and access to essential services.
Investing in climate technology
CIBC has committed to providing $100 million in limited
partnership investments in climate technology and energy
transition funds and is proud to have partnered with six funds that
provide growth capital to emerging climate and energy transition
technology companies to help the global community transition to
the net-zero carbon economy.
Supporting research through strategic partnerships
As part of our focus on fostering the energy transition ecosystem,
we are collaborating with academia to support innovation and
progress towards a more sustainable future. Our partnerships
include sustainable fnance initiatives with McGill University
and Schulich School of Business as well as the sponsorship of
the University of Calgary’s Energy Transition Centre supporting
innovation-led clean energy development.
Developing market-based solutions
CIBC is collaborating with Export Development Canada (EDC)
to expand sustainable fnance solutions for Canadian businesses.
The Sustainable Finance Guarantee (SFG) pilot program is a
risk-sharing solution aimed at helping with lending activities that
contribute to decarbonizing the economy and will provide up to
$1 billion in fnancing over the next three years.
Our net-zero ambition
Our ambition is to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from our operational and fnancing activities by
2050. We published our progress toward our 2030 targets
for our oil and gas and power generation portfolios and will
be setting additional interim targets for fnanced emissions
in the coming year.
(1) Sustainable fnancing largely relates to client activities that support, but are not limited to, sectors such as renewable and emission-free energy, energy efciency, sustainable
infrastructure or technology, sustainable real estate, afordable housing and basic infrastructure, and products such as, sustainability linked and green fnancial products. The
services ofered by CIBC included in our sustainable fnance commitment to support these client activities include loans and loan syndications, debt and equity underwritings,
M&A advisory and principal investments. The afordable housing sector includes loans and investments that meet our obligations under the U.S. Community Reinvestment Act.
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CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Client experience
As we bring our purpose to life for our clients by helping make their ambitions a reality,
we’re focused on continuing to enhance their experience with us. In 2023, we continued
to listen and learn from client feedback, taking action to make it easier to bank with us,
improving our digital client journeys, and deepening our relationships.
We created a more seamless experience for new clients:
After welcoming more than two million new Costco Mastercard
clients last year, we used feedback to further enhance our
communication and onboarding process. That helped improve
client satisfaction from these new clients and enables us to
continue on our journey to build deeper relationships.
We made it easier for clients to self-serve: We continue
to evolve and automate our digital capabilities. In 2023, we
launched Digital Personal Identifcation Number (PIN) Reset,
eliminating the need for a call to reset credit or debit card PINs.
We also re-designed the Rewards Hub for our Aventura credit
card, which makes it easier for our clients to track, manage, and
redeem their rewards.
We delivered a modern banking experience: Our digital
platforms are an area of strength and this year, we continued our
positive trend by ranking #1 for the third time since 2020 (tied in
2023) in the J.D. Power Canada Banking Mobile App Satisfaction
study. Building on this strength, we’re investing strategically in our
digital platforms to improve user experience based on feedback,
and modernize the look and layout of our website and mobile app.
We helped make ambitions real with tailored fnancial
planning and advice: Since launching CIBC GoalPlanner in 2020,
more than 350,000 households have completed a personalized
fnancial plan through our goal-setting platform with the help of
a fnancial advisor. This year, we launched our new CIBC Smart
Planner advice tool, empowering our clients to create their own
personalized fnancial plans, now with more than 339,000 clients
leveraging the tool to put plans in place. We continue to see
higher satisfaction scores for clients leveraging both tools to plan
for their ambitions.
I thought I could handle
anything until a health crisis
changed everything. My advisor
helped me rebuild my fnances
and discover new goals I could
achieve.”
Paula A.
CIBC client
I wanted to open a family
restaurant to bring our
Caribbean recipes to Edmonton.
With every obstacle, Michelle,
my advisor was always there to
coach and motivate me.”
Jennifer R.
Sauce Caribbean, CIBC client
Over the years, Richard, my
advisor coached me and gave
me the money education to
support all my ambitions, both
big and small.”
Carol R.
CIBC client
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
v
Message from the
President and Chief Executive Ofcer
Through proactive management in a more
challenging environment, we generated positive
operating leverage, protected net interest
margin and strengthened our balance sheet
throughout 2023, while continuing to pace
our strategic investments to ensure our bank
is well positioned for the future.”
Victor G. Dodig
President and Chief Executive Ofcer
CIBC’s proactive and prudent approach to executing on our
client-focused strategy delivered another solid fnancial
performance this year and demonstrated our bank’s resiliency
in a more fuid business environment.
Our purpose is to help make ambitions real, and in fast-changing
times, that purpose becomes more relevant than ever. Following
the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, our clients
are experiencing the efects of one of the most rapid rate-
tightening cycles in recent history as central banks combat
infation. Through it all, we continue to be there to support
our clients. This means working with families to help them
understand the impact of higher borrowing costs on household
fnances and long-term ambitions, including saving for a
child’s education, buying a home and retiring. It means helping
businesses navigate a slower-growth environment by providing
the ideas and solutions they need to move forward. And it means
supporting our communities, where needs are greater than ever.
At CIBC, our team looks at today’s economic conditions and
understands what’s possible beyond the current headlines. That’s
how our bank has always worked – acting to meet our clients’
needs of today, but always with the long term in mind.
In keeping with that long-term focus, we made key strategic
investments in recent years that have helped us not only weather
the current economic shifts, but move our business forward.
From our brand to the breadth of our product ofering, from
technology to talent, these strategic investments have enabled
us to drive higher revenue, deliver industry-leading growth in new
clients, deepen relationships with existing clients and execute
on our client-focused strategy – all with the goal of enhancing
shareholder value. We have done this while maintaining an
emphasis on stability, a strong balance sheet with growing
capital reserves and high credit quality.
We entered 2023 taking clear, proactive actions to manage
our business prudently while still making progress against our
long-term objectives. Those actions proved to be timely given
changes in the economy and were key to our ability to deliver
solid fnancial performance.
We took action to make efciency improvements in 2023
while continuing to invest in our bank. We also took a proactive
approach to managing capital that led to a steady increase in our
Common Equity Tier 1 ratio through the year. And, our robust and
well-diversifed balance sheet provided a solid foundation for our
eforts to support our clients and attract new business.
The underlying strength of our business and our balance sheet
was evident during the disruption in the banking sector globally
this year, when our strong liquidity position and well-diversifed
business mix allowed us to navigate challenges in the market
very efectively.
vi
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
We took action to make efciency
improvements in 2023. We also took a
proactive approach to managing capital
that led to a steady increase in our CET1
ratio through the year.”
We ended 2023 even stronger than when we started, and we are
well positioned to withstand any future economic headwinds while
seizing opportunities to build on our solid fnancial results in 2024.
We will continue to focus our eforts on high-growth client
segments where our relationship-oriented approach positions us
to outperform our peers, including in the mass afuent and high-
net-worth markets. We’re also focused on areas where we have
built-in advantages that we can leverage over time to contribute
meaningfully to our fnancial performance. Our strong culture of
connectivity diferentiates us in the market and is helping to drive
business across our bank, notably in commercial banking and
capital markets on both sides of the border. Enabling our progress
is a focus on simplifying our business through technology and
process enhancements, delivering a better experience for our
team and our clients.
2023 business performance
We delivered a solid fnancial performance for our stakeholders
in 2023 in a more challenging operating environment. Our bank
reported earnings of $5.0 billion or $5.16 per share, or on an
adjusted basis(1) $6.5 billion or $6.72 per share. Revenue of $23.3
billion was up 7% from the prior year and adjusted pre-provision,
pre-tax earnings(1) of $10.2 billion were up 8% from last year.
In 2023, regulatory capital requirements for all banks increased.
We continued to build capital throughout the year, driven by
internal capital generation and our dividend reinvestment plan.
While issuing equity creates short-term pressure on return
on equity and earnings per share, it also serves to provide a
strong capital foundation that positions us well in a more fuid
environment in the coming year.
Through proactive management in a more challenging
environment, we generated positive operating leverage,
protected net interest margin and strengthened our balance
sheet throughout 2023, while continuing to pace our strategic
investments to ensure our bank is well positioned for the future.
Our momentum is refected in the performance of our strategic
business units.
(1) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a
reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the
“Non-GAAP measures” section of the MD&A.
2023 revenue
by business segment
$9.41B
Canadian Personal and
Business Banking
$5.40B
Canadian Commercial Banking
and Wealth Management
$2.69B
U.S. Commercial Banking
and Wealth Management
$5.49B
Capital Markets and
Direct Financial Services
2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT vii
Message from the President and Chief Executive Ofcer
A thriving consumer bank
In 2023, net new clients grew by over 650,000 across our CIBC
and Simplii brands, notably from the newcomer and student
segments of the population – a clear indicator of the strength of
our brand and the momentum across our bank.
We’re leveraging our CIBC Imperial Service ofering to attract
and retain clients in the mass afuent segment, where we
have a signifcant growth opportunity to connect clients with
more complex fnancial needs to an advisor to help them
achieve their ambitions. This year we sharpened our focus on
building this business through the introduction of a dedicated
leadership structure.
Following the acquisition of the Costco credit card portfolio in
Canada, we’ve continued our eforts to introduce more of these
new clients to a deeper banking relationship with our bank –
and we’re achieving good early success. Over 90,000 Costco
cardholders now have a broader banking relationship with CIBC,
and over 10,000 of these clients now have an Imperial Service
relationship.
Underpinning this progress, we continue to be leaders in the vital
area of digital banking. We were again recognized with the top
ranking in customer satisfaction for mobile banking apps in Canada
from J.D. Power, important recognition given that over 94% of
transactions are now conducted outside of our banking centres.
Deepening relationships in the private economy
CIBC has a long history of banking entrepreneurs and families
across the private economy – a market segment where we
continue to build a leadership position.
Our private-economy clients are taking a more conservative
approach in the near term, which led to slower loan growth but
robust deposit growth in 2023 across this market.
In Canadian Commercial Banking, we continued to deliver for our
clients and recorded a third consecutive year of increasing net
promotor scores. This is a testament to our team’s capabilities,
and to enhancements we’ve made to the client experience, such as
introducing more digitization into documents to simplify processes.
Executive team
Victor G. Dodig
President and
Chief Executive Ofcer
Sha wn Beber
Senior Executive
Vice-President and
Group Head, U.S.
Region; President and
CEO, CIBC Bank USA
Harry Culham
Senior Executive
Vice-President and
Group Head, Capital
Markets and Direct
Financial Services
Frank Guse
Senior Executive
Vice-President and
Chief Risk Ofcer
Jon Hountalas
Senior Executive
Vice-President and
Group Head, Canadian
Banking
Christina Kramer
Senior Executive
Vice-President
and Group Head,
Technology,
Infrastructure and
Innovation
Kikelomo Lawal
Executive Vice-President
and Chief Legal Ofcer
Hratch Panossian
Senior Executive
Vice-President and
Chief Financial Ofcer
Sandy Sharman
Senior Executive
Vice-President and
Group Head, People,
Culture and Brand
viii CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
On both sides of the border, we continue
to be a leader in banking the innovation
economy, and we’ve been there for our
clients in changing market conditions.”
Our CIBC Wood Gundy ofering ranked second amongst the Big 5
banks in the annual Investment Executive Brokerage Report Card’s
survey of advisors – a strong statement on the confdence of
our team.
Our investments in technology are also delivering results. The
launch of new customer relationship management (CRM) tools
and our CIBC GoalPlanner platform into CIBC Wood Gundy are
increasing engagement with clients, and contributed to positive
fund fows this year.
In the U.S., we continue to deepen relationships in existing
markets while expanding our footprint in some of the fastest-
growing markets in the country. Our new fagship ofce in
Palm Beach, Florida opened in the spring of 2023, and our
San Francisco location is set to open in the frst quarter of 2024.
We also expanded our deposit-taking capabilities with continued
growth in our online CIBC Agility platform. And, through our
investments in our CRM platforms, we are giving our team a
broader view of client relationships across our bank to create
more opportunities for referrals and a more connected approach
to winning business.
On both sides of the border, we continue to be a leader in
banking the innovation economy, and we’ve been there for our
clients in changing market conditions. This market remains a
priority as we see a long-term opportunity to support the vitally
important technology ecosystem – one where we have clearly
set ourselves apart with our superior ofering and our focus on
building relationships with innovative companies to help them
grow and thrive.
Building on success in our diferentiated capital
markets platform
In 2023, we continued to leverage our diferentiated capital
markets platform to drive consistent growth.
Our traditional capital markets business performed well relative
to peers in 2023. While equity capital raising activity remained
slower than in recent years, our trading businesses delivered
robust, risk-controlled growth against a backdrop of more volatile
markets as we helped clients address their short- and long-term
needs in a rising rate environment.
In line with our strategy, we continued to deliver double-digit
revenue growth in the U.S., while furthering our connectivity
across the bank with our Direct Financial Services business to
drive higher revenues and attract new clients in 2023. Through
bringing our leading-edge foreign exchange and remittance
capabilities to more clients and the continued growth of Simplii
Financial including a refreshed brand presence, we delivered
a 26% increase in Direct Financial Services revenue in 2023.
Collectively, the strength of our core capital markets platform
and the momentum we have in generating recurring revenues
position us well in more fuid market conditions.
Enabling a more sustainable future
We are committed to a more equitable, sustainable future,
and we’re taking action to deliver on our ambition in this
important area.
Our eforts on climate action are focused on supporting our clients
as they transition to a low-carbon economy. Our net-zero ambition
includes a commitment to mobilize $300 billion in sustainable
fnance activity between 2018 and 2030, and interim targets for
emissions reductions in our oil and gas and power generation
portfolios. In addition, we have committed to providing $100 million
in limited partnership investments in climate technology and
energy transition funds to enable the continued growth in this
important part of the market.
We’re also invested in economic inclusion. In 2023, the
CIBC Foundation entered its second year, a visible symbol
of purpose and our commitment to community. Our 10-year
commitment of $800 million in corporate giving, community
sponsorships, and employee giving and fundraising (Team CIBC)
globally and one million volunteer hours by Team CIBC (Canada)
supports economic empowerment for underserved communities.
Through our funding of programs such as the YMCA Black
Achievers Mentorship Program, Connected North’s CIBC STEM
Learning Fund and March of Dimes Inclusive Skills training, we
are contributing to an inclusive economy, where those from
underserved communities can realize their ambitions.
And we’re committed to causes that matter to all of our
stakeholders. The 32nd annual Canadian Cancer Society
CIBC Run for the Cure had a tremendous turnout with over
50,000 participants and over $14 million raised this year.
And on CIBC Miracle Day, we raised $6 million for children’s
charities. Both events are part of our bank’s proud heritage
of leadership in our communities.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
ix
Message from the President and Chief Executive Ofcer
Canadian Cancer Society CIBC Run for the Cure event, 2023.
Promoting an inclusive, connected team that lives
our purpose every day
The foundation of our progress is our CIBC Team. We have an
inclusive, connected culture, enabling our team to be at our
collective best to help our clients realize their ambitions.
We’re proud of our world-class employee engagement scores,
which we track annually through our employee survey. We’re also
proud that others see the inclusive culture we’ve built. This year,
CIBC was named the top company in Canada for gender equality
by Equileap. We were also named one of Canada’s best diversity
employers by MediaCorp for the 13th consecutive year.
I see the impact of this culture frst-hand as I travel to meet with
clients, investors and all our stakeholders. I always look forward
to the opportunity to spend time with our team, talk about our
business and learn from our team members. I want to take this
opportunity to thank them for all they do for CIBC and our clients.
x
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Outlook for 2024
We’ve built our bank for the long term by investing strategically
in areas that make us better, more resilient, even more client-
friendly, and where we know we can lead.
As a result, we ended 2023 in a position of strength, and we look
ahead with optimism to 2024. The economic backdrop will likely
remain fuid and present new challenges in some areas of the
economy. Our strength and stability will stand us in good stead,
while our core businesses are well positioned for the future as we
harvest the benefts of our strategic investments. We are focused
on enhancing total shareholder return through strong relative
performance in the market, and we are confdent the momentum
we’ve established in our core businesses, including robust client
growth, positions us well to deliver for all of our stakeholders
moving forward.
Since our founding more than a century and a half ago, we
have a proven history of being there for our clients – when
times are good, and when growth is slower. I am energized by
the momentum we can see across our bank, and our team is
motivated by the opportunities our clients are pursuing. We’re
more connected across our bank than ever so that we can
bring the best of CIBC to our clients, and we’re committed to
honouring our history by helping them realize their ambitions –
next year and beyond.
Victor G. Dodig
President and Chief Executive Ofcer
Message from the
Chair of the Board
Your Board provides oversight of the execution
of CIBC’s client-focused strategy, progress
and performance, which are integral to delivering
enduring value for all stakeholders.”
Katharine B. Stevenson
Chair of the Board
Climate Report, including reporting on progress towards CIBC’s
2030 fnanced emissions targets. Your Board supports executive
compensation, as well as compensation for most team members,
being tied to both fnancial and ESG performance, including climate
targets. At the Board level, updates on the global ESG environment
are part of our ongoing director development program.
Building an inclusive team is important to Board efectiveness.
Your 2023 Board, comprised of directors with diverse experience,
backgrounds and geographical representation, remained
gender-balanced for a third consecutive year, and includes
directors who identify as people of colour and a member of
the LGBTQ+ community.
We continue to evolve our Board to add experience and broaden
our view in areas that align with CIBC’s long-term objectives and
its commitment to a more inclusive economy and sustainable
future. Most recently, Mr. Mark Podlasly joined your Board. Mark
is the Chief Sustainability Ofcer at the First Nations Major
Projects Coalition and brings deep expertise in sustainability,
economic development for Indigenous communities and the
development of large capital projects to our Board. We will beneft
from his perspective and depth of experience in these areas.
On behalf of CIBC’s shareholders and fellow board members, I’d
like to thank the directors who retired in 2023, Nicholas D. Le
Pan and Jane L. Peverett. We sincerely appreciate their years of
dedicated service to the Board and to CIBC.
2024 and beyond
As we look to the future, CIBC is well positioned to execute on its
targeted and disciplined growth strategy. I would like to recognize
and thank Victor Dodig, our President and CEO, and our entire
CIBC team, for their continued prudent management of our
bank through a more challenging economic environment. Our
diferentiated strategy and steady execution by the CIBC team
has delivered growth in new clients, deeper relationships with
existing clients, and a better client experience. We are confdent
that this positions our bank well for further shareholder value
creation moving forward.
Katharine B. Stevenson
Chair of the Board
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
xi
Strong governance is your Board’s top priority. Against a more
challenging economic backdrop in 2023, your Board continued
to take a long-term view of CIBC’s progress against strategic
objectives while keeping a sharp focus on short-term performance.
Clear consistent strategy
Consistent with the strategy presented at the bank’s Investor
Day in 2022, CIBC’s leadership team has focused on realizing
the benefts of key strategic investments, delivering clear
momentum across the business, including in important areas
such as attracting new clients and continued improvement in
client experience scores, while managing expenses prudently.
Your Board provides oversight of the execution of CIBC’s client-
focused strategy, progress and performance, which are integral
to delivering enduring value for all stakeholders – clients, team
members, communities and shareholders.
Strong focus on risk management
As a bank, strength and stability are foundational to our ongoing
performance both in the short and long-term. To this end, a key
performance success in 2023 was the further building of our
bank’s strong liquidity, capital position, and credit management
execution. This was especially important in this uncertain macro-
economic environment and was a key focus of your Board in
engaging with management, our regulators, and shareholders
to ensure CIBC is well positioned for 2024 and beyond.
Ongoing focus on talent and succession
Our strategy and risk focus is underpinned by our Board and
Management’s shared commitment to talent. Building bench
strength is a process that never stops. Embedded into our
approach is a strong focus on growing the capabilities needed
for today and into the future. It also includes ongoing engagement
with management to identify, develop and advance the next
generation of leaders at CIBC. Succession planning at the
leadership level has always been one of your Board’s most
important responsibilities, and receives a great deal of focus.
Comprehensive talent planning is good governance and is in
the best interests of our stakeholders.
Committed to our ESG framework
Stewardship of CIBC’s progress on environmental, social and
governance matters is also a key responsibility for your Board. CIBC
accelerated its actions on climate with new disclosure in its latest
Enhanced Disclosure Task Force
The Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF), established by the Financial Stability Board, released its report “Enhancing the Risk Disclosures of
Banks” in 2012, which included thirty-two disclosure recommendations. The index below provides the listing of these disclosures, along with their
locations. EDTF disclosures are located in our management’s discussion and analysis, consolidated financial statements, and supplementary
packages, which may be found on our website (www.cibc.com). No information on CIBC’s website, including the supplementary packages, should
be considered incorporated herein by reference.
Topics
Recommendations
Disclosures
Management’s
discussion
and analysis
Consolidated
financial
statements
Page references
Pillar 3 Report and
Supplementary
regulatory
capital disclosure
General
Risk
governance,
risk
management
and business
model
Capital
adequacy
and risk-
weighted
assets
Liquidity
Funding
Market risk
Credit risk
Other risks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Index of risk information – current page
Risk terminology and measures
Top and emerging risks
104–107
55–58
86–88
Key future regulatory ratio requirements
37, 39–41, 79, 80
171–172
14, 22
Risk management structure
Risk culture and appetite
Risks arising from business activities
Bank-wide stress testing
Minimum capital requirements
Components of capital and
reconciliation to the consolidated
regulatory balance sheet
Regulatory capital flow statement
Capital management and planning
48, 49
47, 50–52
53, 58
35–36, 54, 62, 68,
75, 77
35–37
40
41
43–45
Business activities and risk-weighted
42–43, 58
assets
Risk-weighted assets and capital
38, 42–43
requirements
Credit risk by major portfolios
Risk-weighted assets flow statement
Back-testing of models
Liquid assets
Encumbered assets
Contractual maturity of assets, liabilities
and off-balance sheet instruments
Funding strategy and sources
Reconciliation of trading and
non-trading portfolios to the
consolidated balance sheet
Significant trading and non-trading
market risk factors
Model assumptions, limitations and
validation procedures
Stress testing and scenario analysis
Analysis of credit risk exposures
60–66
42–43
54, 62, 73
78
78
82
81
72
72–76
72–76
35, 75
63–70
171–172
171–172
13–16
17
5–6
5–6
34–46
5–6, 9
84, 85
143–150, 190
10–11, 79–83
Impaired loan and forbearance
60, 68, 89
123–124
techniques
Reconciliation of impaired loans and the
68
144
allowance for credit losses
Counterparty credit risk arising from
60, 64
160–161
83, 35 (1)
derivatives
Credit risk mitigation
Other risks
Discussion of publicly known risk
events
60
83–87
83
160–161
26, 66, 83
183
(1) Included in supplementary financial information package.
xii CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Management’s discussion and analysis
Management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) is provided to enable readers to assess CIBC’s financial condition and results of operations as at and
for the year ended October 31, 2023, compared with prior years. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial
statements. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information in this MD&A has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS or GAAP) and all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. Certain disclosures in the MD&A have been shaded as they form an
integral part of the consolidated financial statements. The MD&A is current as of November 29, 2023. Additional information relating to CIBC, including
the Annual Information Form, is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on the United States (U.S.) Securities and Exchange Commission’s
(SEC) website at www.sec.gov. No information on CIBC’s website (www.cibc.com) should be considered incorporated herein by reference. A glossary
of terms used in the MD&A and the audited consolidated financial statements is provided on pages 101 to 107 of this Annual Report.
2 Overview
2 Our strategy
2 Performance against
objectives
4 Financial highlights
5 Economic and market
environment
5 Year in review – 2023
5 Outlook for calendar year
2024
6 Significant events
7 Financial performance
21 Strategic business units
47 Management of risk
overview
7 2023 Financial results review
7 Net interest income and
margin
8 Non-interest income
8 Trading revenue (TEB)
9 Provision for credit losses
9 Non-interest expenses
9 Taxes
10 Foreign exchange
10 Fourth quarter review
11 Quarterly trend analysis
12 Review of 2022 financial
performance
14 Non-GAAP measures
overview
21 Canadian Personal and
Business Banking
24 Canadian Commercial Banking
and Wealth Management
27 U.S. Commercial Banking
and Wealth Management
30 Capital Markets and Direct
Financial Services
33 Corporate and Other
34 Financial condition
34 Review of condensed
88 Accounting and control
matters
88 Critical accounting policies
and estimates
92 Accounting developments
93 Other regulatory developments
94 Related-party transactions
94 Policy on the Scope of
Services of the Shareholders’
Auditor
94 Controls and procedures
consolidated balance sheet
95 Supplementary annual
35 Capital management
45 Off-balance sheet
arrangements
financial information
101 Glossary
A NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS: From time to time, we make written or oral forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities
laws, including in this Annual Report, in other filings with Canadian securities regulators or the SEC and in other communications. All such statements are made pursuant
to the “safe harbour” provisions of, and are intended to be forward-looking statements under applicable Canadian and U.S. securities legislation, including the U.S. Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in the “Message from the President and Chief Executive
Officer”, “Overview – Performance against objectives”, “Economic and market environment – Outlook for calendar year 2024”, “Significant events”, “Financial performance
overview – Taxes”, “Strategic business units overview – Canadian Personal and Business Banking”, “Strategic business units overview – Canadian Commercial Banking
and Wealth Management”, “Strategic business units overview – U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management”, “Strategic business units overview – Capital Markets
and Direct Financial Services”, “Financial condition – Capital management”, “Financial condition – Off-balance sheet arrangements”, “Management of risk – Risk
overview”, “Management of risk – Top and emerging risks”, “Management of risk – Credit risk”, “Management of risk – Market risk”, “Management of risk – Liquidity risk”,
“Accounting and control matters – Critical accounting policies and estimates”, “Accounting and control matters – Accounting developments”, “Accounting and control
matters – Other regulatory developments” and “Accounting and control matters – Controls and procedures” sections of this report and other statements about our
operations, business lines, financial condition, risk management, priorities, targets and sustainability commitments (including with respect to net-zero emissions and our
environmental, social and governance (ESG) related activities), ongoing objectives, strategies, the regulatory environment in which we operate and outlook for calendar
year 2024 and subsequent periods. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “forecast”,
“target”, “predict”, “commit”, “ambition”, “goal”, “strive”, “project”, “objective” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “may”, “should”,
“would” and “could”. By their nature, these statements require us to make assumptions, including the economic assumptions set out in the “Economic and market
environment – Outlook for calendar year 2024” section of this report, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties that may be general or specific. Given the
continuing impact of high inflation, rising interest rates, ongoing adverse developments in the U.S. banking sector which adds pressure on liquidity and funding conditions
for the financial industry, the impact of hybrid work arrangements and higher interest rates on the U.S. real estate sector, potential recession and the war in Ukraine and
conflict in the Middle East on the global economy, financial markets, and our business, results of operations, reputation and financial condition, there is inherently more
uncertainty associated with our assumptions as compared to prior periods. A variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, affect our operations, performance
and results, and could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. These factors include: inflationary
pressures; global supply-chain disruptions; geopolitical risk, including from the war in Ukraine and conflict in the Middle East, the occurrence, continuance or
intensification of public health emergencies, such as the impact of post-pandemic hybrid work arrangements, and any related government policies and actions; credit,
market, liquidity, strategic, insurance, operational, reputation, conduct and legal, regulatory and environmental risk; currency value and interest rate fluctuations, including
as a result of market and oil price volatility; the effectiveness and adequacy of our risk management and valuation models and processes; legislative or regulatory
developments in the jurisdictions where we operate, including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Common Reporting Standard, and
regulatory reforms in the United Kingdom and Europe, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s global standards for capital and liquidity reform, and those relating
to bank recapitalization legislation and the payments system in Canada; amendments to, and interpretations of, risk-based capital guidelines and reporting instructions,
and interest rate and liquidity regulatory guidance; exposure to, and the resolution of, significant litigation or regulatory matters, our ability to successfully appeal adverse
outcomes of such matters and the timing, determination and recovery of amounts related to such matters; the effect of changes to accounting standards, rules and
interpretations; changes in our estimates of reserves and allowances; changes in tax laws; changes to our credit ratings; political conditions and developments, including
changes relating to economic or trade matters; the possible effect on our business of international conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine and conflict in the Middle East, and
terrorism; natural disasters, disruptions to public infrastructure and other catastrophic events; reliance on third parties to provide components of our business
infrastructure; potential disruptions to our information technology systems and services; increasing cyber security risks which may include theft or disclosure of assets,
unauthorized access to sensitive information, or operational disruption; social media risk; losses incurred as a result of internal or external fraud; anti-money laundering;
the accuracy and completeness of information provided to us concerning clients and counterparties; the failure of third parties to comply with their obligations to us and
our affiliates or associates; intensifying competition from established competitors and new entrants in the financial services industry including through internet and mobile
banking; technological change including the use of data and artificial intelligence in our business; global capital market activity; changes in monetary and economic
policy; general business and economic conditions worldwide, as well as in Canada, the U.S. and other countries where we have operations, including increasing
Canadian household debt levels and global credit risks; climate change and other ESG related risks; our success in developing and introducing new products and
services, expanding existing distribution channels, developing new distribution channels and realizing increased revenue from these channels; changes in client
spending and saving habits; our ability to attract and retain key employees and executives; our ability to successfully execute our strategies and complete and integrate
acquisitions and joint ventures; the risk that expected benefits of an acquisition, merger or divestiture will not be realized within the expected time frame or at all; and our
ability to anticipate and manage the risks associated with these factors. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of our forward-looking statements.
These and other factors should be considered carefully and readers should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements
contained in this report represent the views of management only as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting our shareholders and financial
analysts in understanding our financial position, objectives and priorities and anticipated financial performance as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented,
and may not be appropriate for other purposes. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement that is contained in this report or in other communications
except as required by law.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
1
Management’s discussion and analysis
Overview
CIBC is a leading and well-diversified North American financial institution committed to creating enduring value for all our stakeholders – our clients,
team, communities and shareholders. We are guided by our purpose – to help make your ambition a reality, and we are activating our resources to
create positive change and contribute to a more secure, equitable and sustainable future.
Across our bank and our businesses – Personal and Business Banking, Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets
and Direct Financial Services – our 48,000 employees bring our purpose to life every day for our 14 million personal banking, business, public
sector and institutional clients in Canada, the U.S. and around the world.
Our strategy
Throughout 2023, we continued to focus on executing against our ambition of building a modern, relationship-oriented bank that delivers superior
client experience and top-tier shareholder returns while maintaining financial strength, risk discipline and advancing our purpose-driven culture. Going
forward, we will drive long-term growth and build on our momentum through our client-focused strategy that includes four strategic priorities:
Growing our mass affluent and private wealth franchise in Canada and the U.S.;
Expanding our digital banking offering in Canada;
Delivering connectivity and differentiation to commercial and capital markets clients; and
Enabling, simplifying and protecting our bank.
Performance against objectives
CIBC reports a scorecard of financial measures that we use to evaluate and report on our progress to external stakeholders. These measures can
be categorized into four key areas – earnings growth, operating leverage, shareholder profitability and return, and balance sheet strength. We have
set through the cycle targets for each of these measures, which we currently define as three to five years, assuming a normal business environment
and credit cycle. Our ability to achieve these objectives may be adversely affected by extraordinary developments and disruptions.
Fiscal 2023 was faced with economic challenges driven by geopolitical and persistent inflationary pressures that impacted our ability to
achieve certain performance objectives. Specific challenges include higher provisions for credit losses related to the U.S. office real estate portfolio,
credit normalization in other portfolios, and higher capital requirements.
(2)
(1)
Earnings growth
To assess our earnings growth, we monitor our earnings per share
(EPS ). Our target of 7% to 10% growth reflects a simple average of
annual adjusted diluted EPS
challenging economic environment, our year-over-year reported and
adjusted diluted EPS(1) was down by 23% and 5%, respectively. Our
3-year compound annual growth rates (CAGR)
adjusted(2) diluted EPS were 7.9% and 11.5%, respectively, and our
(1)
5-year CAGR for reported and adjusted diluted EPS were (2.4)%
and 1.9%, respectively.
. In 2023, against a backdrop of a
for reported and
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(1)
Reported diluted EPS
(1)
($)
Adjusted diluted EPS (2)
($)
(1)
6.96
6.68
5.60
4.11
5.16
5.96
4.85
7.23
7.05
6.72
Going forward, we will continue to target an adjusted(2) diluted EPS
CAGR of 7% to 10% through the cycle.
(1)
Operating leverage
Operating leverage, defined as the difference between the year-over-
year percentage change in revenue and year-over-year percentage
change in non-interest expenses, is a measure of the relative growth
rates of revenue and expenses. In 2023, our reported and adjusted
(2)
operating leverage was (5.2)% and 1.2%, respectively, compared with
(1.9)% and (1.9)%, respectively, in 2022. Our 3-year simple average
reported and adjusted operating leverage was (0.6)% and 0.0%,
respectively, and our 5-year simple average reported and adjusted
(2)
operating leverage was (1.5)% and (0.1)%, respectively.
(2)
19
20
21
22
23
19
20
21
22
23
Reported operating
leverage
(%)
5.3
Adjusted operating
leverage
(2)
(%)
(1.5)
(4.0)
(1.9)
(5.2)
0.2
(0.6)
0.7
(1.9)
1.2
Going forward, we will continue to target positive adjusted operating
leverage through the cycle.
(2)
19
20
21
22
23
19
20
21
22
23
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented.
(2) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the “Non-GAAP
measures” section.
(3) The 3-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is calculated from 2020 to 2023 and the 5-year CAGR is calculated from 2018 to 2023.
2
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Shareholder profitability and return
We have three metrics to measure shareholder profitability and return:
1. Return on common shareholders’ equity (ROE)
(2)
(1)
ROE, defined as the ratio of net income to average common
shareholders’ equity, is a key measure of profitability. In 2023, our reported
and adjusted ROE were at 10.3% and 13.3%, respectively, compared
with 14.0% and 14.7% in 2022, respectively, and below our through the
cycle target of at least 16%. On a 3-year average basis, our reported and
adjusted ROE were 13.5% and 14.9%, respectively. On a 5-year average
basis, our reported and adjusted ROE were 13.0% and 14.4%,
respectively.
(1)
(1)
Reported return on
common
shareholders’ equity
(%)
14.5
16.1
14.0
10.0
10.3
Adjusted return on
common
shareholders’ equity
(1)
(%)
16.7
14.7
13.3
15.4
11.7
Going forward, we will continue to target an adjusted ROE of at least
16% through the cycle by 2025.
(1)
19
20
21
22
23
19
20
21
22
23
2. Dividend payout ratio
Dividend payout ratio is defined as the ratio of common share dividends
paid as a percentage of net income after preferred share dividends,
premiums on preferred share redemptions, and distributions on other
equity instruments. Key criteria for considering dividend increases are our
current level of payout relative to our target and our view on the
sustainability of our current earnings level. In 2023, our reported and
adjusted dividend payout ratios were 66.6% and 51.2%, respectively,
compared with 48.8% and 46.3% in 2022, respectively. On a 3-year
average basis, our reported and adjusted dividend payout ratios were
52.4% and 45.9%, respectively. On a 5-year average basis, our reported
and adjusted dividend payout ratios were 55.6% and 48.9%,
respectively.
(1)
(1)
(1)
Reported dividend
payout ratio
(3)
(%)
70.7
66.6
49.9
48.8
41.8
Adjusted dividend
payout ratio (3)
(%)
(1)
60.0
46.9
51.2
46.3
40.3
Going forward, we will continue to target an adjusted dividend payout
ratio of 40% to 50% through the cycle.
(1)
19
20
21
22
23
19
20
21
22
23
3.
Total shareholder return (TSR)
TSR is the ultimate measure of shareholder value, and the output of
delivering against the financial targets within our control. We have an
objective to deliver a TSR that exceeds the industry average, which we
have defined as the Standard & Poor’s (S&P)/Toronto Stock Exchange
(TSX) Composite Banks Index, over rolling three- and five-year periods.
For the three years ended October 31, 2023, our TSR was 15.0% (2022:
28.5%), which was below the S&P/TSX Composite Banks Index of 36.2%.
For the five years ended October 31, 2023, our TSR was 12.7% (2022:
40.2%), which was below the S&P/TSX Composite Banks Index return over
the same period of 29.8%.
Rolling three-year TSR
(%)
75
50
25
Rolling five-year TSR
(%)
75
50
25
0
Oct-22
Jan-23
Apr-23
Jul-23
Oct-23
0
Oct-22
Jan-23
Apr-23
Jul-23
Oct-23
CIBC 15%
S&P/TSX Composite Index 32.5%
S&P/TSX Composite Banks Index 36.2%
CIBC 12.7%
S&P/TSX Composite Index 46.7%
S&P/TSX Composite Banks Index 29.8%
Balance sheet strength
Maintaining a strong balance sheet is foundational to our long-term success. Our goal is to maintain strong
capital and liquidity positions. We look to constantly balance our objectives of holding a prudent amount of
excess capital for unexpected events and environmental uncertainties, investing in our core businesses,
growing through acquisitions and returning capital to our shareholders.
CET1 ratio(3)
12.1
11.6
(%)
12.4
12.4
11.7
1. Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio
We actively manage our capital to maintain a strong and efficient capital base while supporting our business
growth and returning capital to our shareholders. For the year ended October 31, 2023, our CET1 ratio was
12.4%, compared with 11.7% in 2022, well above the current regulatory requirement set by OSFI.
(4)
Going forward, we will continue to maintain a strong buffer to regulatory requirements.
2.
Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)
Our ability to meet our financial obligations is measured through the LCR ratio. It measures unencumbered
high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) that can be converted into cash to meet liquidity needs in a
30-calendar-day liquidity stress scenario. The LCR standard requires that, absent a situation of financial
stress, the value of the ratio be no lower than 100%.
For the quarter ended October 31, 2023, our three-month daily average LCR was 135% compared to 129%
for the same period last year.
(4)
20
22
19
23
21
Liquidity coverage ratio
(%)
127
129
145
135
125
(1) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the “Non-GAAP
measures” section.
(2) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(3) In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, effective March 2020, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) directed that all federally regulated financial
institutions (FRFIs) halt share buybacks and dividend increases until further notice. The temporary measure was lifted effective November 4, 2021.
(4) Our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline and LCR is calculated pursuant to OSFI’s Liquidity Adequacy
Requirements (LAR) Guideline, which are both based on Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards. The 2023 results reflect the impacts from the
implementation of Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1, 2023. For additional information, see the “Capital management” and “Liquidity risk” sections.
19
20
21
22
23
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
3
Management’s discussion and analysis
Financial highlights
As at or for the year ended October 31
Financial results ($ millions)
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders
Common shareholders
Net income attributable to equity shareholders
(1)
Financial measures
Reported efficiency ratio
Reported operating leverage (1)
Loan loss ratio
(2)
Reported return on common shareholders’ equity
Net interest margin
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets
Return on average assets
(1)
Return on average interest-earning assets
Reported effective tax rate
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
Common share information
Per share ($) (4)
Closing share price ($)
Shares outstanding (thousands) (4)
(4)
– basic earnings
– reported diluted earnings
– dividends
– book value
(5)
– weighted-average basic
– weighted-average diluted
– end of period
Market capitalization ($ millions)
Value measures
Total shareholder return
Dividend yield (based on closing share price)
Reported dividend payout ratio (1)
Market value to book value ratio
(6)
Selected financial measures – adjusted
Adjusted efficiency ratio
(7)
Adjusted operating leverage
(7)
Adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity
Adjusted effective tax rate
Adjusted diluted earnings per share ($)
Adjusted dividend payout ratio
(4)
On- and off-balance sheet information ($ millions)
Cash, deposits with banks and securities
Loans and acceptances, net of allowance for credit losses
Total assets
Deposits
Common shareholders’ equity (1)
Average assets
(3)
Average interest-earning assets
Average common shareholders’ equity (3)
Assets under administration (AUA)
Assets under management (AUM)
(1)(8)(9)
(9)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Balance sheet quality (All-in basis) and liquidity measures (10)
Risk-weighted assets (RWA) ($ millions)
Total RWA
Capital ratios
CET1 ratio
Tier 1 capital ratio
Total capital ratio
(11)
(11)
(11)
Leverage ratio
LCR (12)
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR)
Other information
Full-time equivalent employees
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2023
12,825
10,498
23,323
2,010
14,349
6,964
1,931
5,033
38
267
4,728
4,995
61.5 %
(5.2)%
0.30 %
10.3 %
1.35 %
1.49 %
0.53 %
0.58 %
27.7 %
5.16
5.16
3.440
51.61
48.91
915,631
916,223
931,099
45,540
(15.85)%
7.0 %
66.6 %
0.95
55.8 %
1.2 %
13.3 %
21.0 %
6.72
51.2 %
267,066
540,153
975,719
723,376
48,056
948,121
861,136
46,130
2,853,007
300,218
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2022
12,641
9,192
21,833
1,057
12,803
7,973
1,730
6,243
23
171
6,049
6,220
58.6 %
(1.9)%
0.14 %
14.0 %
1.40 %
1.58 %
0.69 %
0.78 %
21.7 %
6.70
6.68
3.270
49.95
61.87
903,312
905,684
906,040
56,057
(13.56)%
5.3 %
48.8 %
1.24
56.4 %
(1.9)%
14.7 %
21.9 %
7.05
46.3 %
239,740
528,657
943,597
697,572
45,258
900,213
799,224
43,354
2,854,828
291,513
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2021
11,459
8,556
20,015
158
11,535
8,322
1,876
6,446
17
158
6,271
6,429
57.6 %
5.3 %
0.16 %
16.1 %
1.42 %
1.59 %
0.80 %
0.89 %
22.5 %
6.98
6.96
2.920
45.83
75.09
897,906
900,365
901,656
67,701
58.03 %
3.9 %
41.8 %
1.64
55.4 %
0.7 %
16.7 %
22.7 %
7.23
40.3 %
218,398
462,879
837,683
621,158
41,323
809,621
721,686
38,881
2,963,221 (8)
316,834 (8)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2020
11,044
7,697
18,741
2,489
11,362
4,890
1,098
3,792
2
122
3,668
3,790
60.6 %
(4.0)%
0.26 %
10.0 %
1.50 %
1.69 %
0.52 %
0.58 %
22.5 %
4.12
4.11
2.910
42.03
49.69
890,870
892,042
894,171
44,431
(5.90)%
5.9 %
70.7 %
1.18
55.8 %
(0.6)%
11.7 %
21.8 %
4.85
60.0 %
211,564
416,388
769,551
570,740
37,579
735,492
654,142
36,792
2,364,005 (8)
261,037 (8)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2019
10,551
8,060
18,611
1,286
10,856
6,469
1,348
5,121
25
111
4,985
5,096
58.3 %
(1.5)%
0.29 %
14.5 %
1.65 %
1.84 %
0.80 %
0.89 %
20.8 %
5.61
5.60
2.800
39.94
56.16
888,648
890,915
890,683
50,016
4.19 %
5.0 %
49.9 %
1.41
55.5 %
0.2 %
15.4 %
20.6 %
5.96
46.9 %
138,669
398,108
651,604
485,712
35,569
639,716
572,677
34,467
2,423,240
249,596
$
326,120
$
315,634
$
272,814
$
254,871
$
239,863
12.4 %
13.9 %
16.0 %
4.2 %
135 %
118 %
11.7 %
13.3 %
15.3 %
4.4 %
129 %
118 %
12.4 %
14.1 %
16.2 %
4.7 %
127 %
118 %
12.1 %
13.6 %
16.1 %
4.7 %
145 %
n/a
11.6 %
12.9 %
15.0 %
4.3 %
125 %
n/a
48,074
50,427
45,282
43,853
45,157
(1) For additional information on the composition, see the “Glossary” section.
(2) The ratio is calculated as the provision for credit losses on impaired loans to average loans and acceptances, net of allowance for credit losses.
(3) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(4) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented.
(5) Common shareholders’ equity divided by the number of common shares issued and outstanding at end of period.
(6) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. Adjusted measures are calculated in the same manner as reported measures, except that financial information included in
the calculation of adjusted measures is adjusted to exclude the impact of items of note. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted
results, where applicable, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
(7) Calculated on a taxable equivalent basis (TEB).
(8) Includes the full contract amount of AUA or custody under a 50/50 joint venture between CIBC and The Bank of New York Mellon of $2,241.9 billion as at October 31, 2023
(2022: $2,258.1 billion).
(9) AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA.
(10) RWA and our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFI’s CAR Guideline, the leverage ratio is calculated pursuant to OSFI’s Leverage Requirements Guideline, and
LCR and NSFR are calculated pursuant to OSFI’s LAR Guideline, all of which are based on BCBS standards. 2023 results reflect the impacts from the implementation of
Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1, 2023. For additional information, see the “Capital management” and “Liquidity risk” sections.
(11) Ratios for 2020, 2021 and 2022 reflect the expected credit loss (ECL) transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020 in response to the onset of the
COVID-19 pandemic. Effective November 1, 2022, the ECL transitional arrangement was no longer applicable.
(12) Average for the three months ended October 31 for each respective year.
n/a Not applicable.
4
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Economic and market environment
Year in review – 2023
Canada’s economy started strongly in 2023, but soon stalled as higher interest rates and a slowing global economy negatively impacted consumer
spending and exports. Rapid population growth has supported consumer spending for essentials and demand for rental housing, however,
discretionary purchases have started to weaken, particularly in per-capita terms. The unemployment rate, which briefly fell below 5% in 2022, is
expected to climb to just under 6% by the end of the calendar year as employment increases have failed to keep up with the rapid growth of the
labour force. While inflation has remained above the Bank of Canada’s target, it has decelerated notably from the peaks seen in the prior year. On
the household side, mortgage demand has been weak as a result of the higher interest rate environment, but the use of personal lines of credit and
credit cards continued to rise after being drawn down during the pandemic. Deposits have continued to shift towards term deposits as interest rates
have continued to climb. While the U.S. economy hasn’t shown the same clear signs of deceleration as that of the Canadian economy, inflation has
still decelerated markedly from its 2022 peaks as some of the supply chain pressures which were impacting the global economy have eased.
Business loan demand has stagnated in 2023 in both Canada and the U.S. following a strong 2022.
Outlook for calendar year 2024
The generally weak global economic growth in 2023 has come in response to monetary policy tightening and below-normal growth could persist
through the first half of 2024. The United Kingdom (U.K.) and some eurozone countries are likely to see recessions as higher interest rates hit a
region already vulnerable due to the spillover from the war in Ukraine. China’s economy has decelerated as it moved past one-time gains
associated with the end of COVID-19 lockdowns. The global slowdown will result in most commodity prices at lower average levels for the
remainder of calendar 2023 and into 2024 than persisted in 2022, although geopolitical risks to supply could bring upward pressure in some
commodities. Supply chains should continue to see further improvement from the continued reduction in COVID-19 disruptions, and from the
expected easing in global demand pressures.
In Canada, the Bank of Canada has increased the overnight rate to 5%, and the continued-high levels of core inflation mean that further
increases are possible, albeit not in our base case assumption. Growth has already experienced a significant slowdown, and we expect that
weakness in quarterly GDP growth will persist throughout the first half of 2024 as more households refinance mortgages at higher interest rates and
cut back on discretionary purchases. Such an economic slowdown should, however, allow inflation to end next year close to its 2% target. For 2024
as a whole, we forecast growth of less than 1%, and now expect the unemployment rate to peak above 6%. However, if interest rates start to be
gradually reduced before mid-year as we anticipate, growth should be stronger in the second half of 2024 and the unemployment rate should have
started to move down again from that peak.
While the U.S. has been more resilient in the face of higher interest rates so far, we expect to see further evidence of slowing consumer
spending in 2024. We also expect to see GDP growth of roughly 1% in the U.S. next year, with the unemployment rate expected to climb modestly
over 4%, allowing wage inflation to continue to decelerate. There are still additional downside risks to the U.S. outlook associated with a potential
tightening in lending activity owing to some regional banks facing challenges in retaining deposits, higher funding costs and mark-to-market (MTM)
losses on their investment security portfolios.
A softer pace for economic growth is likely to have broad implications across many of our strategic business units (SBUs). Rising
unemployment and the higher level for interest rates are likely to result in further moderate deterioration in business and household credit quality
from very strong levels achieved in 2022. Further deterioration in credit quality in select portfolios, such as the U.S. office real estate market, could
be more pronounced in response to worsening economic or market conditions. Deposit growth will be slow, as quantitative tightening will require
bonds currently held by the central bank to be financed in the public markets, with higher rates resulting in greater growth in term deposits relative
to short-term deposits. While we expect the rising interest rate environment to level off soon, we expect a modestly positive impact on the net
interest margins for all our SBUs. However, the high interest rates may have implications for credit quality in 2024 as economic growth continues to
slow in response to monetary tightening.
For Canadian Personal and Business Banking, mortgage growth is expected to remain soft, in line with weaker home sale volumes and
average house prices tied to the increase in interest rates, through at least the first half of 2024. Although year-over-year non-mortgage consumer
credit demand will be supported by population growth, lower inflation and weaker discretionary spending will contribute to slower growth in dollar
terms. Business lending is expected to be broadly flat in the first half of 2024, before rising slightly as the economy improves towards year end.
Financial markets are starting to price in a new higher-for-longer interest rate environment, which could continue to bring volatility into the first
half of 2024. Earnings growth for publicly traded entities could further decelerate in the first half of 2024, but Canadian and U.S. wealth management
businesses should benefit as 2024 progresses and markets look ahead to better growth in the second half of 2024 and 2025.
Our Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services business is expected to continue to benefit as merger and acquisition activity continues to
recover from the low levels in early 2023, while corporate bond issuance could pick up in 2024 if longer term rates ease. Loan growth in our
Canadian commercial and corporate banking businesses is expected to decelerate further in early 2024 with softer economic growth and lower
levels of residential construction, before improving in the second half of the year. Loan growth and deposit growth in our U.S. commercial banking
business have slowed in recent quarters, but we expect growth in early calendar 2024, which will continue to improve throughout the year.
The economic outlook described above reflects numerous assumptions regarding the economic impact of high interest rates, the easing of
inflationary pressures, the impact from events in the U.S. banking sector, as well as the global economic risks emanating from the war in Ukraine,
conflict in the Middle East and the slowdown in the Chinese economy. As a result, actual experience may differ materially from expectations. The
impact of geopolitical events and the slowdown in the Chinese economy on our risk environment, are discussed in the “Top and emerging risks”
section. Changes in the level of economic uncertainty continue to impact key accounting estimates and assumptions, particularly the estimation of
ECLs. See the “Accounting and control matters” section and Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
5
Management’s discussion and analysis
Significant events
Settlement of Cerberus Litigation
On February 17, 2023, CIBC announced that we entered into an agreement with the special purpose vehicle controlled by Cerberus Capital
Management L.P. (“Cerberus”) that fully settled the lawsuit filed by Cerberus against CIBC, including the most recent judgment of the New York
Court, as discussed in Note 22 to our consolidated financial statements. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, CIBC paid US$770 million
($1,055 million pre-tax or $762 million after-tax) to Cerberus in full satisfaction of the judgment, and both parties arranged for the immediate
dismissal, with prejudice, of all claims, counterclaims and appeals relating to the litigation.
Sale of certain banking assets in the Caribbean
On October 12, 2021, FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited (CIBC FirstCaribbean) announced that it had entered into agreements to sell its
banking assets in Aruba, St. Vincent, St. Kitts, Grenada and Dominica. The sales of banking assets in Aruba, St. Vincent and Grenada were
completed in February 2022, March 2023 and July 2023, respectively. The proposed transactions in St. Kitts and Dominica did not proceed and
CIBC FirstCaribbean ceased its operations in Dominica on January 31, 2023. The impacts of these transactions and closures were not material.
On October 31, 2023, CIBC FirstCaribbean announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its banking assets in Curaçao and Sint
Maarten. The transactions are subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions, which are expected to be finalized in fiscal 2024. The
impacts upon closing are not expected to be material.
6
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Financial performance overview
This section provides a review of our consolidated financial results for 2023. A review of our SBU results follows on pages 21 to 32. Refer to page 12
for a review of our financial performance for 2022.
2023 Financial results review
Reported net income for the year was $5,033 million, compared with $6,243 million in 2022.
Adjusted net income for the year was $6,461 million, compared with $6,578 million in 2022.
Reported diluted EPS for the year was $5.16, compared with $6.68 in 2022.
Adjusted diluted EPS (2) for the year was $6.72, compared with $7.05 in 2022.
(1)
(1)
(2)
2023
Net income was affected by the following items of note:
(3)
(Corporate and Other);
$1,055 million ($762 million after-tax) increase in legal provisions (Corporate and Other);
$545 million income tax charge related to the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) tax and the 1.5% tax rate increase from the 2022 Canadian
Federal budget
$121 million ($96 million after-tax) amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets ($20 million after-tax in Canadian
Personal and Business Banking, $41 million after-tax in U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and $35 million after-tax in
Corporate and Other); and
$34 million ($25 million after-tax) commodity tax charge related to the retroactive impact of the 2023 Canadian Federal budget (Canadian
Personal and Business Banking).
The above items of note decreased revenue by $34 million, increased non-interest expenses by $1,176 million and increased income taxes by
$218 million. In aggregate, these items of note decreased net income by $1,428 million.
2022
Net income was affected by the following items of note:
(4)
$181 million ($133 million after-tax) in acquisition and integration-related costs as well as purchase accounting adjustments and provision for
credit losses for performing loans associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio (Canadian Personal and
Business Banking);
$136 million ($100 million after-tax) increase in legal provisions (Corporate and Other);
$98 million ($75 million after-tax) amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets ($14 million after-tax in Canadian
Personal and Business Banking, $50 million after-tax in U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and $11 million after-tax in
Corporate and Other); and
$37 million ($27 million after-tax) charge related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio (Corporate and Other).
The above items of note increased revenue by $16 million, increased provision for credit losses by $94 million, increased non-interest expenses by
$374 million and decreased income taxes by $117 million. In aggregate, these items of note decreased net income by $335 million.
(1) Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures. For additional information and a reconciliation of reported results to adjusted results, where applicable, see the “Non-GAAP
measures” section.
(2) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
(3) The income tax charge is comprised of $510 million for the present value of the estimated amount of the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) tax of $555 million, and a
charge of $35 million related to the fiscal 2022 impact of the 1.5% increase in the tax rate applied to taxable income of certain bank and insurance entities in excess of
$100 million for periods after April 2022. The discount of $45 million on the CRD tax accretes over the four-year payment period from initial recognition.
(4) Acquisition and integration costs are comprised of incremental costs incurred as part of planning for and executing the integration of the Canadian Costco credit card
portfolio, including enabling franchising opportunities, the upgrade and conversion of systems and processes, project delivery, communication costs and client welcome
bonuses. Purchase accounting adjustments include the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired Canadian Costco credit card receivables.
Provision for credit losses for performing loans associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, included the stage 1 ECL allowance
established immediately after the acquisition date and the impact of the migration of stage 1 accounts to stage 2 during the second quarter of 2022.
Net interest income and margin
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Average interest-earning assets
Net interest income (1)
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets
2023
2022
$ 861,136
12,825
$ 799,224
12,641
1.49 %
1.58 %
(1) Trading activities include those that meet the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Starting in the first quarter of
2023, trading activities also include certain fixed income financing activities. The risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management is
based on OSFI-defined trading book criteria set out in OSFI’s CAR Guideline. Trading activities and related risk management strategies can periodically shift trading
income between net interest income and non-interest income. Therefore, we view total trading income as the most appropriate measure of trading performance.
Net interest income was up $184 million or 1% from 2022, primarily due to volume growth across most of our businesses and the impact of foreign
exchange translation, partially offset by lower net interest margin.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was down 9 basis points from 2022, primarily due to lower trading net interest income.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets excluding trading benefitted from higher deposit margins, partially offset by lower loan
margins.
Additional information on net interest income and margin is provided in the “Supplementary annual financial information” section and in the
“Strategic business units overview” section.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
7
Management’s discussion and analysis
Non-interest income(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Underwriting and advisory fees
Deposit and payment fees
Credit fees
Card fees
Investment management and custodial fees (3)
Mutual fund fees
Insurance fees, net of claims
Commissions on securities transactions
Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), net (4)
Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and
(2)
(3)
amortized cost, net
Foreign exchange other than trading
Income from equity-accounted associates and joint ventures
(2)
Other
$
2023
519
924
1,385
379
1,768
1,743
338
338
2,346
83
360
30
285
$ 10,498
$
2022
557
880
1,286
437
1,760
1,776
351
378
1,172
35
242
47
271
$ 9,192
(1) Trading activities include those that meet the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Starting in the first quarter of
2023, trading activities also include certain fixed income financing activities. The risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management is
based on OSFI-defined trading book criteria set out in OSFI’s CAR Guideline. Trading activities and related risk management strategies can periodically shift trading
income between net interest income and non-interest income. Therefore, we view total trading income as the most appropriate measure of trading performance.
(2) Custodial fees directly recognized by CIBC are included in Investment management and custodial fees. Our proportionate share of the custodial fees from the joint
ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon are included within Income from equity-accounted associates and joint ventures.
(3) Investment management fees and mutual fund fees are driven by various factors, including the amount of AUM. Investment management fees in our asset management
and private wealth management businesses are generally driven by the amount of AUM, while investment management fees in our retail brokerage business are driven by
a combination of the amount of AUA and, to a lesser extent, other factors not directly related to the amount of AUA (e.g., flat fees on a per account basis).
(4) Includes $64 million of gains (2022: $44 million of gains) relating to non-trading financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL.
Non-interest income was up $1,306 million or 14% from 2022.
Underwriting and advisory fees were down $38 million or 7%, primarily due to lower equity and debt issuance revenue.
Deposit and payment fees were up $44 million or 5%, primarily due to higher everyday banking fees in Canadian Personal and Business Banking.
Credit fees were up $99 million or 8%, primarily due to growth in corporate and commercial lending.
Card fees were down $58 million or 13%, primarily due to the additional commodity tax charges related to the 2023 Canadian Federal budget,
including the retroactive impact shown as an item of note.
Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net were up $1,174 million or 100%, primarily due to higher trading
income, including from the impact of increases in interest rates on derivatives that are economically hedging interest on trading securities included
in net interest income.
Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net were up $48 million or 137%, primarily due to higher net realized
gains from dispositions of FVOCI debt securities.
Foreign exchange other than trading was up $118 million or 49%, primarily due to normal course Treasury activities.
Trading revenue (TEB)(1)(2)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Trading revenue consists of:
Net interest income (1)
Non-interest income (3)
Trading revenue by product line:
Interest rates
Foreign exchange
Equities (1)
Commodities
Other
2023
2022
$
(53)
2,282
$ 2,229
$
469
927
626
197
10
$ 2,229
$
875
1,128
$ 2,003
$
335
899
611
144
14
$ 2,003
(1) Includes a TEB adjustment of $254 million (2022: $211 million) reported within Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services. See the “Strategic business units overview”
section and Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
(2) Trading activities include those that meet the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Starting in the first quarter of
2023, trading activities also include certain fixed income financing activities. The risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management is
based on OSFI-defined trading book criteria set out in OSFI’s CAR Guideline.
(3) Reported as part of the Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL in the consolidated statement of income, which consist of a gain of $2,282
million (2022: $1,128 million) related to trading financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL and a gain of $64 million (2022: $44 million) relating to non-trading
financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL.
Trading revenue was up $226 million or 11% from 2022, primarily due to higher interest rates, commodities and foreign exchange trading revenue.
Trading revenue comprises net interest income and non-interest income. Net interest income arises from interest and dividends relating to financial
assets and liabilities associated with trading activities, other than derivatives, net of interest expense and interest income associated with funding these
assets and liabilities. Non-interest income includes realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities mandatorily measured at FVTPL and income
relating to changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments. Trading revenue excludes underwriting fees and commissions on securities
transactions, which are shown separately in the consolidated statement of income. Trading activities and related risk management strategies can
8
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
periodically shift income between net interest income and non-interest income. Therefore, we view total trading revenue as the most appropriate
measure of trading performance.
Provision for credit losses
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses – impaired
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
Corporate and Other
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses – performing
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
Corporate and Other
$
2023
922
108
520
4
40
1,594
64
35
330
15
(28)
416
$
2022
534
22
113
(31)
59
697
342
1
105
(31)
(57)
360
$ 2,010
$ 1,057
Provision for credit losses was up $953 million or 90% from 2022. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was up largely due to unfavourable
credit migration across all SBUs, partially offset by a less unfavourable change in our economic outlook in 2023. Provision for credit losses on
impaired loans was up largely due to higher provisions in U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and higher write-offs in Canadian
Personal and Business Banking.
For further details regarding provision for credit losses in our SBUs, refer to the “Strategic business units overview” section.
Non-interest expenses
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Employee compensation and benefits
Salaries (1)
Performance-based compensation
Benefits
Occupancy costs (2)
Computer, software and office equipment
Communications
Advertising and business development
Professional fees
Business and capital taxes
Other
$
2023
4,168
2,513
869
7,550
823
2,467
364
304
245
124
2,472
$
2022
3,770
2,460
927
7,157
853
2,297
352
334
313
123
1,374
$ 14,349
$ 12,803
(1) Includes termination benefits.
(2) Includes nil (2022: $37 million), related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio, shown as items of note.
Non-interest expenses were up $1,546 million or 12% from 2022.
Employee compensation and benefits were up $393 million or 5%, primarily due to higher employee-related compensation. Higher employee
termination costs were largely offset by a pension plan amendment gain.
Computer, software and office equipment were up $170 million or 7%, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives.
Professional fees were down $68 million or 22%, primarily due to lower consulting expenses associated with strategic initiatives in support of growth
in our commercial banking platform and infrastructure build in our U.S. franchise.
Other expenses were up $1,098 million or 80%, as the current year included an increase in legal provisions, including those shown as an item of
note.
Taxes
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Income taxes
Indirect taxes
(1)
Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) and sales taxes
Payroll taxes
Capital taxes
Property and business taxes
Total indirect taxes
Total taxes
Reported effective tax rate
Total taxes as a percentage of net income before deduction of total taxes
(1) Certain amounts are based on a paid or payable basis and do not factor in capitalization and subsequent amortization.
2023
2022
$ 1,931
$ 1,730
484
387
81
78
1,030
471
368
84
73
996
$ 2,961
$ 2,726
27.7 %
37.0 %
21.7 %
30.4 %
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
9
Management’s discussion and analysis
Total income and indirect taxes were up $235 million from 2022.
Income tax expense was $1,931 million, up $201 million from 2022. This was due to the CRD tax and the retroactive impact of the 1.5% tax rate
increase recognized in the current year, partially offset by the impact of lower income taxes due to earnings mix in the current year.
Indirect taxes were up $34 million from 2022, due to increases in both sales taxes and payroll taxes. Sales taxes increased by $13 million from
2022, primarily due to increases in certain sales tax amounts in respect of our foreign operations. Payroll taxes were up $19 million from 2022,
primarily due to increases in statutory pension and unemployment insurance contributions driven by higher employee-related compensation.
Indirect taxes are included in non-interest expenses.
Canadian tax proposals
The Canadian federal government has released tax proposals that would impact CIBC if enacted. The 2023 Canadian Federal budget included a
proposal to deny the deduction of dividends received by financial institutions on Canadian shares held as mark-to-market property. Draft legislation
released on August 4, 2023 included a 2% buy back tax as well as a 15% global minimum tax further to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development’s (OECD) two-pillar plan (OECD Pillar Two). The budget proposal in respect of dividends was not included in the legislative release.
The 2023 Fall Economic Statement, released on November 21, 2023, included a proposal to exclude taxable preferred shares from the application of
the proposed dividend denial measure. A Notice of Ways and Means Motion to introduce a bill to implement certain measures from the 2023 Budget
and the 2023 Fall Economic Statement, was released and tabled in Parliament on November 28, 2023, which included the Budget 2023 Dividend
Proposal.
Foreign exchange
The estimated impact of U.S. dollar translation on key lines of our consolidated statement of income, as a result of changes in average exchange
rates, is as follows:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Estimated increase in:
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income taxes
Net income
Impact on EPS
:
(1)
Basic
Diluted
Average USD appreciation relative to CAD
$
2023
vs.
2022
225
37
158
18
12
$
2022
vs.
2021
143
6
65
10
62
$ 0.01
0.01
$ 0.07
0.07
4.5 %
2.9 %
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented.
Fourth quarter review
$ millions, except per share amounts, for the three months ended
Revenue
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
Jan. 31
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
Jan. 31
2023
2022
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services (1)
Corporate and Other (1)
$ 2,455
1,366
672
1,290
61
$ 2,412
1,350
666
1,355
67
$ 2,280 $ 2,260
1,351
706
1,481
129
1,336
648
1,362
76
$ 2,262 $ 2,321
1,338
604
1,199
109
1,316
653
1,182
(25)
$ 2,143 $ 2,183
1,297
609
1,304
105
1,303
591
1,316
23
Total revenue
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to:
Non-controlling interests
Equity shareholders
EPS – basic
(2)
– diluted
(2)
$ 5,844
$ 5,850
$ 5,702 $ 5,927
$ 5,388 $ 5,571
$ 5,376 $ 5,498
$ 3,197
2,647
$ 3,236
2,614
$ 3,187 $ 3,205
2,722
2,515
$ 3,185 $ 3,236
2,335
2,203
$ 3,088 $ 3,132
2,366
2,288
5,844
541
3,440
1,863
380
5,850
736
3,307
1,807
377
5,702
438
3,140
2,124
436
5,927
295
4,462
1,170
738
5,388
436
3,483
1,469
284
5,571
243
3,183
2,145
479
5,376
303
3,114
1,959
436
5,498
75
3,023
2,400
531
$ 1,483
$ 1,430
$ 1,688 $
432
$ 1,185 $ 1,666
$ 1,523 $ 1,869
$
$
8
1,475
1.53
1.53
$
$
10
1,420
1.47
1.47
$
$
11 $
1,677
1.77 $
1.76
9
423
0.39
0.39
7$
$
1,178
$
6
1,660
$
5
1,518
$
1.26 $
1.26
1.79
1.78
$
1.63 $
1.62
5
1,864
2.02
2.01
(1) Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services revenue and income taxes are reported on a TEB with an equivalent offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and
Other.
(2) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
Compared with Q4/22
Net income for the quarter was $1,483 million, up $298 million or 25% from the fourth quarter of 2022.
Net interest income was up $12 million, primarily due to higher net interest margin and volume growth across most of our businesses, partially
offset by lower trading net interest income.
Non-interest income was up $444 million or 20%, primarily due to higher trading non-interest income, higher gains from foreign exchange other
than trading and higher credit fees.
10 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Provision for credit losses was up $105 million or 24% from the same quarter last year. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was
down $154 million, largely due to a more unfavourable change in our economic outlook in the same quarter last year. Provision for credit losses on
impaired loans was up $259 million, mainly attributable to Canadian Personal and Business Banking, and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth
Management.
Non-interest expenses were down $43 million or 1%, as the prior period included higher spending on strategic initiatives, including from the
acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
Income tax expense was up $96 million or 34%, primarily due to higher income.
Compared with Q3/23
Net income for the quarter was up $53 million or 4% from the prior quarter.
Net interest income was down $39 million or 1%, primarily due to lower trading net interest income, partially offset by higher net interest margin
and volume growth across most of our businesses.
Non-interest income was up $33 million or 1%, primarily due to higher trading non-interest income, higher card fees, partially offset by lower
credit fees and lower net gains from our investment portfolios.
Provision for credit losses was down $195 million or 26% from the prior quarter. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was down
$195 million, primarily due to a more unfavourable change in our economic outlook in the prior quarter. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans
was comparable with the prior quarter.
Non-interest expenses were up $133 million or 4%, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives, the impairment of our brand
intangible asset related to CIBC FirstCaribbean, and an increase in legal provisions.
Income tax expense was up $3 million or 1%, primarily due to higher income.
Quarterly trend analysis
Our quarterly results are modestly affected by seasonal factors. The second quarter has fewer days as compared with the other quarters, generally
leading to lower earnings. The summer months (July – third quarter and August – fourth quarter) typically experience lower levels of market activity,
which affects our brokerage, investment management, and capital markets activities.
Revenue
Revenue in our lending and deposit-taking businesses is generally driven by volume growth, fees related to client transaction activity and the
interest rate environment. Our wealth management businesses are driven by net sales activity impacting AUA and AUM, the level of client
investment activity and market conditions. Capital markets revenue is also influenced, to a large extent, by market conditions affecting client trading,
underwriting and advisory activity.
Canadian Personal and Business Banking has benefitted from loan and deposit growth through the last eight quarters driven by organic client
growth, franchising our client base, and the completion of the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio in the second quarter of 2022.
In more recent periods, the rising rate environment has contributed to slower growth in loans and deposits and improved net interest margin,
through wider deposit margins, partially offset by compressed loan margins.
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management revenue has benefitted from commercial banking volume growth, offset by market-
related headwinds in wealth management. In commercial banking, revenue growth was driven by robust client demand that has tempered in recent
quarters and from an increase in interest rates. In wealth management, AUA and AUM growth and associated fee income has been impacted by
volatility in equity markets along with the impact of macro environmental factors.
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management has benefitted from increased loan volumes, net flows and fee income. This is offset by
market-related headwinds in wealth management due to market volatility, and the recent slowing in loan growth and deposit decreases.
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services had lower trading revenue in the third and fourth quarters of 2022 and 2023. The first quarter of
2023 had higher trading revenue driven by robust market conditions and strong client activity.
Corporate and Other included the impact of an increase in funding costs starting in the second quarter of 2022 from an increase in credit
spreads. Rising interest rates since the second quarter of 2022 have resulted in higher margins in International banking.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses is dependent upon the credit cycle, on the credit performance of the loan portfolios, and changes in our economic
outlook. We continue to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment due to concerns related to higher levels of interest rates and inflation,
geopolitical events and slower economic growth. There is considerable judgment involved in the estimation of expected credit losses in the current
environment.
The first quarter of 2022 reflected a moderate improvement in economic conditions as well as our economic outlook. Faster than expected
pace of interest rate increases, along with rising inflation, continued supply chain disruption and the increase in global geopolitical concerns,
impacted our provision for credit losses on performing loans in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2022, and the third and fourth quarters of
2023. Unfavourable credit migration also impacted our provision for credit losses on performing loans in the first, second and third quarters of 2023.
An unfavourable outlook for the U.S. real estate and construction sector contributed to an increase in provision for credit losses on performing loans
in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2023.
In Canadian Personal and Business Banking, lower insolvencies and write-offs in credit cards relative to pre-pandemic levels impacted the first
and second quarters of 2022. The decrease in insolvencies was in line with the national Canadian trend and the decrease in write-offs was a benefit
from the household savings that built up during the pandemic. Commencing in the second quarter of 2022, our loan losses included write-offs from
the seasoning of the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio. Starting from the third quarter of 2022, consumer write-offs have trended
higher.
In Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, we have seen higher provisions on impaired loans in fiscal 2023.
In U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, the first, second and fourth quarters of 2022, and all quarters of 2023 included higher
provisions on impaired loans. The increased provision in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2023 was mainly attributable to the real estate and
construction sector.
In Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services, impaired loan losses have continued to remain low.
In Corporate and Other, provisions for impaired loans have remained relatively stable. The fourth quarter of 2023 included a provision reversal.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 11
Management’s discussion and analysis
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses have fluctuated over the period largely due to changes in employee compensation expenses, investments in strategic
initiatives and movement in foreign exchange rates. The second and fourth quarters of 2022, and the first quarter of 2023 included increases in legal
provisions in Corporate and Other, all shown as items of note. The second quarter of 2023 included a decrease in legal provisions, shown as an
item of note. The fourth quarter of 2022 included charges related to the consolidation of our real estate portfolio as a result of our move to our new
global headquarters, both shown as items of note.
Income taxes
Income taxes vary with changes in taxable income in the jurisdictions in which the income is earned. The first quarter of 2023 included an income
tax charge taken to recognize the CRD tax and the retroactive impact of the 1.5% tax rate increase, which was shown as an item of note.
Review of 2022 financial performance
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2022 Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to:
Non-controlling interests
Equity shareholders
2021 Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to:
Non-controlling interests
Equity shareholders
Canadian
Personal and
Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services (1)
Corporate
and Other
(1)
CIBC
Total
$ 6,657
2,252
8,909
876
4,975
3,058
809
$ 2,249
$
–
2,249
$ 5,954
2,196
8,150
350
4,414
3,386
892
$ 2,494
$
–
2,494
$ 1,672
3,582
5,254
23
2,656
2,575
680
$ 1,895
$
–
1,895
$ 1,291
3,379
4,670
(39)
2,443
2,266
601
$ 1,665
$
–
1,665
$ 1,655
802
2,457
218
1,328
911
151
760
$
$
–
760
$ 1,449
745
2,194
(75)
1,121
1,148
222
926
$
$
–
926
$ 2,814
2,187
5,001
(62)
2,437
2,626
718
$ 1,908
$
–
1,908
$ 2,701
1,819
4,520
(100)
2,117
2,503
646
$ 1,857
$
–
1,857
$
$
$
$
$
$
(157)
369
212
2
1,407
(1,197)
(628)
(569)
23
(592)
64
417
481
22
1,440
(981)
(485)
(496)
$ 12,641
9,192
21,833
1,057
12,803
7,973
1,730
6,243
$
$
23
6,220
$ 11,459
8,556
20,015
158
11,535
8,322
1,876
6,446
$
17
(513)
$
17
6,429
(1) Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services revenue and income taxes are reported on a TEB with an equivalent offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and
Other.
The following discussion provides a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.
Overview
Net income for 2022 was $6,243 million, compared with $6,446 million in 2021. The decrease in net income of $203 million was due to higher
non-interest expenses and a higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher revenue.
Consolidated CIBC
Net interest income
Net interest income was up $1,182 million or 10% from 2021, primarily due to volume growth across our businesses, partially offset by lower trading
income.
Non-interest income
Non-interest income was up $636 million or 7% from 2021, primarily due to higher trading revenue, higher fee-based revenue driven by higher
average AUA and AUM in our wealth management businesses, growth in fees related to commercial borrowing, and higher fees in Canadian
Personal and Business Banking, partially offset by lower equity and debt issuance revenue and lower net realized gains from dispositions of FVOCI
debt securities.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up $899 million or 569% from 2021, as provisions for performing loans in 2022 reflected an unfavourable change in
our economic outlook, while 2021 benefitted from a favourable change in our economic outlook driven by the recovery from the COVID-19
pandemic.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $1,268 million or 11% from 2021, primarily due to higher employee-related and performance-based compensation,
higher spending on strategic initiatives, an increase in legal provisions and costs associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card
portfolio in 2022, both shown as items of note.
Income taxes
Income tax expense was down $146 million or 8% from 2021, primarily due to lower income and also an increase in the relative proportion of income
subject to lower rates of income tax.
12 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Revenue by segment
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Revenue was up $759 million or 9% from 2021, primarily due to volume growth, including from the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card
portfolio, and higher fee income.
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Revenue was up $584 million or 13% from 2021. Commercial banking revenue was up $451 million or 25%, primarily due to higher net interest
income from loan and deposit growth, higher deposit spreads that benefitted from the rising interest rate environment, and higher fees. Wealth
management revenue was up $133 million or 5%, primarily due to higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM reflecting
market appreciation and the impact of net sales, and higher net interest income, mainly from deposits, partially offset by lower commission revenue
from decreased client activity.
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Revenue was up $263 million or 12% from 2021. Commercial banking revenue was up $169 million or 12%, primarily due to higher net interest
income from loan growth, higher fees from loan syndication, and the impact of foreign exchange translation, partially offset by lower loan margins.
Wealth management revenue was up $94 million or 13%, primarily due to higher net interest income from deposit growth, higher deposit margins,
the impact of foreign exchange translation, and higher fee-based revenue driven by higher average AUA and AUM balances and net sales.
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
Revenue was up $481 million or 11% from 2021. Global markets revenue was up $246 million or 12%, primarily due to higher foreign exchange,
global collateral finance and equity derivatives trading revenue, partially offset by lower commodities trading revenue. Corporate and investment
banking revenue was up $84 million or 5%, primarily due to higher corporate banking and advisory revenue, and higher gains from our investment
portfolios, partially offset by lower equity and debt underwriting activity. Direct financial services revenue was up $151 million or 18%, primarily due
to higher revenue from Simplii Financial, and higher volumes and growth in our foreign exchange and payments business, partially offset by lower
trading volumes in direct investing.
Corporate and Other
Revenue was down $269 million or 56% from 2021. International banking revenue was up $91 million, primarily due to the impact of foreign
exchange translation, higher net product spreads that benefitted from the rising interest rate environment, and higher fee-based revenue in
International banking. Other revenue was down $360 million, primarily due to lower treasury revenue related to an increase in funding costs from
higher credit and liquidity spreads.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 13
Management’s discussion and analysis
Non-GAAP measures
We use a number of financial measures to assess the performance of our business lines as described below. Some measures are calculated in
accordance with GAAP (IFRS), while other measures do not have a standardized meaning under GAAP, and accordingly, these measures may not
be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Investors may find these non-GAAP measures, which include non-GAAP financial
measures and non-GAAP ratios as defined in National Instrument 52-112 “Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure”, useful in
understanding how management views underlying business performance.
Adjusted measures
Management assesses results on a reported and adjusted basis and considers both as useful measures of performance. Adjusted measures, which
include adjusted total revenue, adjusted provision for credit losses, adjusted non-interest expenses, adjusted income before income taxes, adjusted
income taxes and adjusted net income, in addition to the adjusted measures noted below, remove items of note from reported results to calculate
our adjusted results. Items of note include the amortization of intangible assets, and certain items of significance that arise from time to time which
management believes are not reflective of underlying business performance. We believe that adjusted measures provide the reader with a better
understanding of how management assesses underlying business performance and facilitates a more informed analysis of trends. While we believe
that adjusted measures may facilitate comparisons between our results and those of some of our Canadian peer banks, which make similar
adjustments in their public disclosure, it should be noted that there is no standardized meaning for adjusted measures under GAAP.
We also adjust our results to gross up tax-exempt revenue on certain securities to a TEB, being the amount of fully taxable revenue, which,
were it to have incurred tax at the statutory income tax rate, would yield the same after-tax revenue. See the “Strategic business units overview”
section and Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
Adjusted diluted EPS
We adjust our reported diluted EPS to remove the impact of items of note, net of income taxes, to calculate the adjusted EPS.
Adjusted efficiency ratio
We adjust our reported revenue and non-interest expenses to remove the impact of items of note and gross up tax-exempt revenue to bring it to a
TEB, to calculate the adjusted efficiency ratio.
Adjusted operating leverage
We adjust our reported revenue and non-interest expenses to remove the impact of items of note and gross up tax-exempt revenue to bring it to a
TEB, to calculate the adjusted operating leverage.
Adjusted dividend payout ratio
We adjust our reported net income attributable to common shareholders to remove the impact of items of note, net of income taxes, to calculate the
adjusted dividend payout ratio.
Adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity
We adjust our reported net income attributable to common shareholders to remove the impact of items of note, net of income taxes, to calculate the
adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity.
Adjusted effective tax rate
We adjust our reported income before income taxes and reported income taxes to remove the impact of items of note, to calculate the adjusted
effective tax rate.
Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings
Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings is calculated as revenue net of non-interest expenses, and provides the reader with an assessment of our ability to
generate earnings to cover credit losses through the credit cycle, as well as an additional basis for comparing underlying business performance
between periods by excluding the impact of provision for credit losses, which involves the application of judgments and estimates related to matters
that are uncertain and can vary significantly between periods. We adjust our pre-provision, pre-tax earnings to remove the impact of items of note to
calculate the adjusted pre-provision, pre-tax earnings. As discussed above, we believe that adjusted measures provide the reader with a better
understanding of how management assesses underlying business performance and facilitates a more informed analysis of trends.
Allocated common equity
Common equity is allocated to the strategic business units (SBUs) based on the estimated amount of regulatory capital required to support their
businesses (as determined for the consolidated bank pursuant to Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institution’s (OSFI’s) regulatory capital
requirements and internal targets). Unallocated common equity is reported in Corporate and Other. Allocating capital on this basis provides a
consistent framework to evaluate the returns of each SBU commensurate with the risk assumed. As part of the adoption of the Basel III reforms, a
revised approach for allocating operational risk RWA to each of the SBUs was introduced effective April 30, 2023. The new allocations are driven by
the contributions of each SBU to the total 3 years of revenue and total 10 years of operational losses. This change in methodology impacted
allocated common equity effective the third quarter of 2023. For additional information, see the “Risks arising from business activities” section.
Segmented return on equity
We use return on equity on a segmented basis as one of the measures for performance evaluation and resource allocation decisions. While return
on equity for total CIBC provides a measure of return on common equity, return on equity on a segmented basis provides a similar metric based on
allocated common equity to our SBUs. As a result, segmented return on equity is a non-GAAP ratio. Segmented return on equity is calculated as net
income attributable to common shareholders for each SBU expressed as a percentage of average allocated common equity, which is the average
of monthly allocated common equity during the period.
14 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2023
Operating results – reported
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
CIBC
Total
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
(US$ millions)
$ 9,407
986
5,174
$ 5,403
143
2,691
$ 2,692
850
1,466
3,247
889
2,358
–
2,358
2,569
691
1,878
–
1,878
376
(3)
379
–
379
$ 5,488 $
19
2,721
2,748
762
1,986
–
1,986
333 $ 23,323
2,010
14,349
12
2,297
$ 1,994
630
1,086
(1,976)
(408)
(1,568)
38
(1,606)
6,964
1,931
5,033
38
4,995
$
5.16
Diluted EPS ($) (1)
Impact of items of note
(2)
Revenue
Commodity tax charge related to the retroactive
impact of the 2023 Canadian Federal budget
$
Impact of items of note on revenue
Non-interest expenses
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Increase in legal provisions (3)
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income
Income taxes
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Commodity tax charge related to the retroactive
impact of the 2023 Canadian Federal budget
Increase in legal provisions (3)
Income tax charge related to the 2022 Canadian
Federal budget (4)
Impact of items of note on income taxes
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income
$
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1)
34
34
(26)
–
(26)
60
6
9
–
–
15
45
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$
$
–
–
– $
–
$
–
–
3 4
34
$
(56)
–
(56)
56
15
–
–
–
15
41
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(39)
(1,055)
(1,094)
1,094
(121)
(1,055)
(1,176)
1,210
4
–
293
(545)
(248)
25
9
293
(545)
(218)
$
– $
1,342 $
1,428
$
Operating results – adjusted (5)
Total revenue – adjusted (6)
Provision for credit losses – adjusted
Non-interest expenses – adjusted
Income (loss) before income taxes – adjusted
Income taxes – adjusted
Net income (loss) – adjusted
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests –
adjusted
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders –
adjusted
Adjusted diluted EPS ($)
(1)
$ 9,441
986
5,148
$ 5,403
143
2,691
$ 2,692
850
1,410
2,569
691
1,878
432
12
420
3,307
904
2,403
–
$
1.56
333 $ 23,357
2,010
13,173
12
1,203
(882)
(656)
(226)
8,174
1,713
6,461
$ 5,488 $
19
2,721
2,748
762
1,986
–
–
–
38
38
2,403
1,878
420
1,986
(264)
6,423
$
6.72
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented.
(2) Items of note are removed from reported results to calculate adjusted results.
(3) Relates to the net legal provisions recognized in the first and second quarters of 2023.
(4) The income tax charge is comprised of $510 million for the present value of the estimated amount of the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) tax of $555 million, and a
charge of $35 million related to the fiscal 2022 impact of the 1.5% increase in the tax rate applied to taxable income of certain bank and insurance entities in excess of
$100 million for periods after April 2022. The discount of $45 million on the CRD tax accretes over the four-year payment period from initial recognition.
(5) Adjusted to exclude the impact of items of note. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures.
(6) CIBC total results excludes a taxable equivalent basis (TEB) adjustment of $254 million (2022: $211 million). Our adjusted efficiency ratio and adjusted operating leverage
are calculated on a TEB.
(7) Acquisition and integration costs, shown as an item of note starting in the fourth quarter of 2021, are comprised of incremental costs incurred as part of planning for and
executing the integration of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, including enabling franchising opportunities, the upgrade and conversion of systems and
processes, project delivery, communication costs and client welcome bonuses. Purchase accounting adjustments shown as an item of note starting in the second quarter
of 2022, include the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired Canadian Costco credit card receivables. Provision for credit losses for performing
loans associated with the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, included the stage 1 ECL allowance established immediately after the acquisition date
and the impact of the migration of stage 1 accounts to stage 2 during the second quarter of 2022. Integration costs, shown as an item of note from the second quarter of
2017 to the fourth quarter of 2019, are comprised of direct and incremental costs incurred as part of planning for and executing the integration of the businesses of The
PrivateBank (subsequently rebranded as CIBC Bank USA) and Geneva Advisors with CIBC, including enabling cross-sell opportunities and expansion of services in the
U.S. market, the upgrade and conversion of systems and processes, project management, integration-related travel, severance, consulting fees and marketing costs
related to rebranding activities. Transaction costs, shown as an item of note from the second quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2019, included legal and other
advisory fees, as well as interest adjustments relating to the obligation payable to dissenting shareholders. Purchase accounting adjustments, shown as an item of note
from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the fourth quarter of 2019, include the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired loans of The PrivateBank, and
changes in the fair value of contingent consideration relating to the Geneva Advisors and Wellington Financial acquisitions.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 15
278
(2)
280
–
280
–
–
(41)
–
(41)
41
11
–
–
–
11
30
$ 1,994
630
1,045
319
9
310
–
310
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2022
Operating results – reported
Total revenue
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders
Diluted EPS ($) (1)
Impact of items of note (2)
Revenue
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as
purchase accounting adjustments and provision for
credit losses for performing loans (7)
Impact of items of note on revenue
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as
purchase accounting adjustments and provision for
credit losses for performing loans (7)
Impact of items of note on provision for (reversal of)
credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as
purchase accounting adjustments and provision for
credit losses for performing loans (7)
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate
portfolio
Increase in legal provisions
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income
Income taxes
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Acquisition and integration-related costs as well as
purchase accounting adjustments and provision for
credit losses for performing loans (7)
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate
portfolio
Increase in legal provisions
Impact of items of note on income taxes
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
CIBC
Total
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
(US$ millions)
$ 8,909
876
4,975
$ 5,254
23
2,656
$ 2,457
218
1,328
3,058
809
2,249
–
2,249
2,575
680
1,895
–
1,895
$
$
(16)
(16)
(94)
(94)
(18)
(103)
–
–
(121)
199
4
48
–
–
52
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$ 5,001 $
(62)
2,437
2,626
718
1,908
–
1,908
$
–
$
–
–
–
212 $ 21,833
1,057
12,803
2
1,407
$ 1,902
169
1,028
(1,197)
(628)
(569)
23
(592)
7,973
1,730
6,243
23
6,220
$
6.68
–
$
–
(16)
(16)
$
–
–
(94)
(94)
705
117
588
–
588
–
–
–
–
911
151
760
–
760
–
–
–
–
$
(68)
–
(12)
(98)
(53)
–
–
–
(68)
68
18
–
–
–
18
50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(37)
(136)
(185)
185
(103)
(37)
(136)
(374)
452
1
23
–
10
36
47
48
10
36
117
335
$
–
–
–
(53)
53
14
–
–
–
14
39
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income
$
147
$
–
$
$
– $
138 $
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1)
Operating results – adjusted (5)
Total revenue – adjusted
(6)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses – adjusted
Non-interest expenses – adjusted
Income (loss) before income taxes – adjusted
Income taxes – adjusted
Net income (loss) – adjusted
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests –
adjusted
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders –
$ 8,893
782
4,854
$ 5,254
23
2,656
$ 2,457
218
1,260
3,257
861
2,396
2,575
680
1,895
–
–
979
169
810
–
$
0.37
212 $ 21,817
963
12,429
2
1,222
(1,012)
(581)
(431)
8,425
1,847
6,578
$ 5,001 $
(62)
2,437
2,626
718
1,908
–
23
23
adjusted
2,396
1,895
810
1,908
(454)
6,555
$ 1,902
169
975
758
131
627
–
627
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1)
See previous page for footnote references.
$
7.05
16 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
CIBC
Total
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
(US$ millions)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2021
Operating results – reported
Total revenue
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders
Diluted EPS ($) (1)
Impact of items of note (2)
Non-interest expenses
$ 8,150
350
4,414
3,386
892
2,494
–
2,494
$ 4,670
(39)
$ 2,194
(75)
2,443
2,266
601
1,665
–
1,665
1,121
1,148
222
926
–
926
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Acquisition and integration-related costs (7)
Charge related to the consolidation of our real
$
estate portfolio
Increase in legal provisions
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income
Income taxes
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Acquisition and integration-related costs (7)
Charge related to the consolidation of our real
estate portfolio
Increase in legal provisions
Impact of items of note on income taxes
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income
$
–
(12)
–
–
(12)
12
–
3
–
–
3
9
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$
(68) $
–
–
–
(68)
68
18
–
–
–
18
50
$
$ 4,520 $
(100)
2,117
481 $ 20,015
158
11,535
22
1,440
$ 1,748
(61)
893
2,503
646
1,857
–
1,857
(981)
(485)
(496)
17
(513)
$
8,322
1,876
6,446
17
6,429
6.96
– $
–
(11) $
–
(79)
(12)
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(109)
(125)
(245)
245
1
–
29
33
63
$
– $
182 $
$
(109)
(125)
(325)
325
19
3
29
33
84
241
0.27
$
916
177
739
–
739
(54)
–
–
–
(54)
54
14
–
–
–
14
40
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1)
Operating results – adjusted (5)
Total revenue – adjusted
(6)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses – adjusted
Non-interest expenses – adjusted
Income (loss) before income taxes – adjusted
Income taxes – adjusted
Net income (loss) – adjusted
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests –
adjusted
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders –
adjusted
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1)
See previous pages for footnote references.
$ 8,150
350
4,402
$ 4,670
(39)
2,443
$ 2,194
(75)
1,053
$ 4,520 $
(100)
2,117
481 $ 20,015
158
11,210
22
1,195
$ 1,748
(61)
839
3,398
895
2,503
2,266
601
1,665
1,216
240
976
2,503
646
1,857
(736)
(422)
(314)
8,647
1,960
6,687
–
–
–
–
17
17
2,503
1,665
976
1,857
(331)
6,670
$
7.23
970
191
779
–
779
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 17
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
(US$ millions)
CIBC
Total
$ 7,922
1,189
4,308
$ 4,121
303
2,179
$ 2,043
487
1,126
$ 4,053 $
311
1,929
602 $ 18,741
199
2,489
11,362
1,820
$ 1,520
358
838
2,425
640
1,785
–
1,785
1,639
437
1,202
–
1,202
430
55
375
–
375
1,813
505
1,308
–
1,308
(1,417)
(539)
(878)
2
(880)
4,890
1,098
3,792
2
3,790
$
4.11
324
42
282
–
282
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2020
Operating results – reported
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders
Diluted EPS ($) (1)
Impact of items of note (2)
Non-interest expenses
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
$
(8)
$
(1)
$
(83) $
– $
(13) $
(105)
$
(62)
–
–
–
–
–
(83)
83
22
–
–
–
–
22
61
–
–
–
–
–
(8)
8
2
–
–
–
–
2
6
7,922
1,189
4,300
2,433
642
1,791
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
(1)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
4,121
303
2,178
1,640
437
1,203
$
$
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(114)
(70)
(114)
(70)
79
79
(339)
(339)
(248)
(705)
705
1
30
19
(21)
89
118
(248)
(797)
797
25
30
19
(21)
89
142
655
$
– $
587 $
$
0.74
2,043
487
1,043
513
77
436
$
$
4,053
311
1,929
$
602
199
1,115
18,741
2,489
10,565
1,813
505
1,308
(712)
(421)
(291)
5,687
1,240
4,447
–
–
–
–
2
2
1,791
1,203
436
1,308
(293)
4,445
$
4.85
–
–
–
–
–
(62)
62
17
–
–
–
–
17
45
1,520
358
776
386
59
327
–
327
$
$
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate
portfolio
Increase in legal provisions
Gain as a result of plan amendments related to
pension and other post-employment plans
Restructuring charges, primarily relating to employee
severance and related costs
Goodwill impairment charge related to our
controlling interest in CIBC FirstCaribbean
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income
Income taxes
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Charge related to the consolidation of our real estate
portfolio
Increase in legal provisions
Gain as a result of plan amendments related to
pension and other post-employment plans
Restructuring charges, primarily relating to employee
severance and related costs
Impact of items of note on income taxes
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1)
Operating results – adjusted
Total revenue – adjusted (6)
Provision for credit losses – adjusted
Non-interest expenses – adjusted
(5)
Income (loss) before income taxes – adjusted
Income taxes – adjusted
Net income (loss) – adjusted
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests –
adjusted
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders –
adjusted
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1)
See previous pages for footnote references.
18 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) results to non-GAAP (adjusted) results on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31, 2019
Operating results – reported
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income (loss)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders
Diluted EPS ($) (1)
Impact of items of note (2)
Revenue
Settlement of certain income tax matters
Purchase accounting adjustments (7)
Impact of items of note on revenue
Non-interest expenses
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Transaction and integration-related costs as well as
purchase accounting adjustments (7)
Increase in legal provisions
Goodwill impairment charge related to our
controlling interest in CIBC FirstCaribbean
Charge for payment made to Air Canada, including
related sales tax and transaction costs
Impact of items of note on non-interest expenses
Total pre-tax impact of items of note on net income
Income taxes
Amortization and impairment of acquisition-related
intangible assets
Transaction and integration-related costs as well as
purchase accounting adjustments (7)
Increase in legal provisions
Settlement of certain income tax matters
Charge for payment made to Air Canada, including
related sales tax and transaction costs
Impact of items of note on income taxes
Impact of items of note on diluted EPS ($) (1)
Operating results – adjusted (5)
Total revenue – adjusted (6)
Provision for credit losses – adjusted
Non-interest expenses – adjusted
Income (loss) before income taxes – adjusted
Income taxes – adjusted
Net income – adjusted
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests –
adjusted
Net income attributable to equity shareholders –
adjusted
Adjusted diluted EPS ($) (1)
See previous pages for footnote references.
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
(US$ millions)
CIBC
Total
$ 8,240
889
4,459
$ 4,027
163
2,106
$ 1,911
73
1,114
$ 3,475 $
160
1,802
958 $ 18,611
1,286
10,856
1
1,375
$ 1,438
55
838
2,892
766
2,126
–
2,126
1,758
471
1,287
–
1,287
724
76
648
–
648
1,513
396
1,117
–
1,117
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
$
$
–
(34)
(34)
(9)
(1)
(88)
–
–
–
(227)
(236)
236
2
–
–
–
60
62
–
–
–
–
(1)
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
(88)
54
23
(9)
–
–
–
14
40
– $
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$
8,240
889
4,223
3,128
828
2,300
$
4,027
163
2,105
1,759
471
1,288
–
–
$
$
$
– $
108 $
$
1,877
73
1,026
$
$
3,475
160
1,802
$
891
1
1,212
18,510
1,286
10,368
778
90
688
–
1,513
396
1,117
–
(322)
(373)
51
25
26
6,856
1,412
5,444
25
5,419
$
5.96
2,300
1,288
688
1,117
(418)
(361)
(57)
25
(82)
6,469
1,348
5,121
25
5,096
$
5.60
545
58
487
–
487
(67) $
–
(67)
(67)
(34)
(101)
$
–
(26)
(26)
(11)
(109
)
(66)
11
(28)
11
(28)
(135)
(135)
–
(163)
96
2
(3)
7
(18)
–
(12)
(227)
(488)
387
27
(12)
7
(18)
60
64
323
0.36
–
–
–
–
(66)
40
17
(7)
–
–
–
10
30
1,412
55
772
585
68
517
–
517
$
$
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 19
Total after-tax impact of items of note on net income
$
174
$
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP (reported) net income to non-GAAP (adjusted) pre-provision, pre-tax earnings on a segmented basis.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
(US$ millions)
CIBC
Total
2023
Net income (loss)
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Add: income taxes
$ 2,358
986
889
$ 1,878
143
691
$
379
850
(3)
$ 1,986 $
19
762
(1,568) $ 5,033
2,010
1,931
12
(408)
$ 280
630
(2)
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses)
(1)
Pre-tax impact of items of note
(2)
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
(3)
earnings (losses)
4,233
60
2,712
–
1,226
56
2,767
–
(1,964)
1,094
8,974
1,210
$ 4,293
$ 2,712
$ 1,282
$ 2,767 $
(870) $ 10,184
2022
Net income (loss)
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Add: income taxes
$ 2,249
876
809
$ 1,895
23
680
$
760
218
151
$ 1,908
(62)
718
$
(569) $ 6,243
1,057
1,730
2
(628)
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses)
(1)
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2)(4)
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses) (3)
2021
Net income (loss)
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Add: income taxes
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses) (1)
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2)
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses) (3)
2020
Net income (loss)
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Add: income taxes
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses)
(1)
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2)
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses) (3)
2019
Net income (loss)
Add: provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Add: income taxes
Pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses) (1)
Pre-tax impact of items of note (2)
Adjusted pre-provision (reversal), pre-tax
earnings (losses) (3)
3,934
105
2,598
1,129
2,564
(1,195)
9,030
–
68
–
185
358
$
4,039
$
2,598
$ 2,494
350
892
$ 1,665
(39)
601
$
$
1,197
$
2,564
$ (1,010) $
9,388
926
(75)
222
$ 1,857
(100)
646
$
(496) $ 6,446
158
1,876
22
(485)
3,736
2,227
1,073
2,403
(959)
8,480
12
–
68
–
245
325
$
3,748
$
2,227
$ 1,785
1,189
640
$ 1,202
303
437
3,614
1,942
8
1
$
3,622
$
1,943
$ 2,126
889
766
3,781
236
$ 1,287
163
471
1,921
1
$
$
$
$
1,141
$
2,403
$
(714) $
8,805
375
487
55
917
83
$ 1,308 $
311
505
(878) $ 3,792
199
2,489
1,098
(539)
2,124
(1,218)
7,379
–
705
797
1,000
$
2,124
$
(513)
$
8,176
648
73
76
797
54
$ 1,117 $
160
396
(57) $ 5,121
1,286
1,348
1
(361)
1,673
(417)
7,755
–
96
387
$
4,017
$
1,922
$
851
$
1,673
$
(321)
$
8,142
$
640
(1) Non-GAAP measure.
(2) Items of note are removed from reported results to calculate adjusted results.
(3) Adjusted to exclude the impact of items of note. Adjusted measures are non-GAAP measures.
(4) Excludes the impact of the provision for credit losses for performing loans from the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, as the amount is included in
the add back of provision for (reversal of) credit losses.
20 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
908
41
$ 949
$ 588
169
117
874
53
$
927
$ 739
(61)
177
855
54
$
909
$ 282
358
42
682
62
$
744
$ 487
55
58
600
40
Management’s discussion and analysis
Strategic business units overview
CIBC has four SBUs – Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial
Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services. These SBUs are supported by the following functional groups
– Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation, Risk Management, People, Culture and Brand, Finance and Enterprise Strategy, as well as other
support groups, which all are included within Corporate and Other. The expenses of these functional and support groups are generally allocated to
the business lines within the SBUs. Corporate and Other also includes the results of CIBC FirstCaribbean and other portfolio investments, as well as
other income statement and balance sheet items not directly attributable to the business lines.
Business unit allocations
Revenue, expenses, and other balance sheet resources related to certain activities are generally allocated to the lines of business within the SBUs.
Treasury activities impact the financial results of the SBUs. Each line of business within our SBUs is charged or credited with a market-based
cost of funds on assets and liabilities, respectively, which impacts the revenue performance of the SBUs. This market-based cost of funds takes into
account the cost of maintaining sufficient regulatory capital to support business requirements, including the cost of preferred shares. Once the
interest and liquidity risks inherent in our client-driven assets and liabilities are transfer priced into Treasury, they are managed within CIBC’s risk
framework and limits. Capital is attributed to the SBUs based on the estimated amount of regulatory capital required to support their businesses,
which is intended to consistently measure and align the costs with the underlying benefits and risks associated with SBU activities. Earnings on
unattributed capital remain in Corporate and Other. We review our transfer pricing methodologies on an ongoing basis to ensure they reflect
changing market environments and industry practices.
We use a Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model to measure and report the results of
operations of various lines of business within our SBUs. The model uses certain estimates and methodologies to process internal transfers between
the impacted lines of business for sales, renewals and trailer commissions as well as certain attributable costs. Periodically, the sales, renewals and
trailer commission rates paid to customer segments for certain products/services are revised and applied prospectively.
The non-interest expenses of the functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs based on
appropriate criteria and methodologies. The basis of allocation is reviewed periodically to reflect changes in support to business lines. Other costs
not directly attributable to business lines remain in Corporate and Other.
We recognize provision for credit losses on both impaired (stage 3) and performing (stages 1 and 2) loans in the respective SBUs.
Revenue, taxable equivalent basis
Certain SBUs evaluate revenue on a TEB. In order to arrive at the TEB amount, the SBUs gross up tax-exempt revenue on certain securities to a
TEB, being the amount of fully taxable revenue, which, were it to have incurred tax at the statutory income tax rate, would yield the same after-tax
revenue. Simultaneously, an equivalent amount is booked as an income tax expense resulting in no impact on the net income of the SBUs. This
measure enables comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The total TEB adjustments of the SBUs are offset in
revenue and income tax expense in Corporate and Other.
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Personal and Business Banking provides personal and business clients across Canada with financial advice, services and solutions
through banking centres, as well as mobile and online channels to help make their ambitions a reality.
Our business strategy
We are focused on helping our clients achieve their ambitions, and delivering sustainable, market-leading performance. To achieve this, our
strategy continues to comprise three key priorities:
Delivering personalized advice to our clients in a way that is meaningful and relevant to each of them;
Introducing more opportunities for our clients to deal with us digitally by investing in digital and real-time remote capabilities; and
Providing our team with the tools to deliver an excellent experience for our clients consistent with a one-team approach.
2023 progress
We delivered solid business results having made important investments in high-touch, high-growth markets and furthering our strengths in
technology and talent. We attracted a substantial number of new clients to our bank and deepened relationships with existing clients as we helped
them navigate a changing market with expert advice. As an example, thousands of Costco cardholders now have a CIBC Imperial Service
relationship, positioning us to offer these clients the advice and solutions they need for the long term. Our client satisfaction scores are a testament
to our team and the relationships we have with our clients. In the Ipsos Customer Satisfaction Index Study, we continued to narrow our gap to the
leader for our primary clients’ net promotor score and were the only bank to improve year-over-year. In the J.D. Power Client Satisfaction Survey, we
ranked #3, gaining on the leader year-over-year. In addition, we ranked #1 in customer satisfaction with mobile banking apps in the J.D. Power 2023
Mobile Banking App Satisfaction Study for the third time since 2020.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 21
Management’s discussion and analysis
Delivering personalized advice to our clients in a way that is meaningful and relevant to each of them
Introduced Living Plan in CIBC GoalPlanner, our digital goal-setting platform, to allow clients to modify their goals and net worth to instantly see
the impact of life changes in their personalized plan.
Launched the CIBC Smart Advice podcast, featuring CIBC experts and industry thought leaders delivering investment and financial advice to
Canadians. This ranked #1 in investment and business podcasts in Canada.
Enhanced our Indigenous Lending Housing Program, in consultation with First Nations leadership, to address the housing shortage and
support Indigenous clients with improved access to lending products to buy a home or finance construction.
Announced a partnership with the Institute of Canadian Citizenship to help newcomer clients as they settle in Canada and provide them with
access to exclusive CIBC offers.
Introduced a new way for clients to earn rewards while supporting their climate goals when they charge their electric vehicles at recognized
public charging stations using their Aventura, CIBC Dividend, and CIBC Aeroplan credit cards.
Introduced Guaranteed Investment Certificate, Tax Free Savings Account, Registered Retirement Savings Plan and Registered Education
Savings Plan calculators on CIBC Smart Advice, our digital advice hub, to help Canadians make important financial decisions about their
investments.
Opened our CIBC Experience Centre at Yorkdale Shopping Centre in Toronto, a first-of-its kind retail experience with interactive and immersive
digital experiences to facilitate conversations about financial goal setting and planning.
Introducing more opportunities for our clients to deal with us digitally
Ranked #1 in customer satisfaction with mobile banking apps in the J.D. Power 2023 Mobile Banking App Satisfaction Study, for the third time
since 2020, #1 in the Insider Intelligence Canada Mobile Banking Emerging Features Benchmark, and #1 in mobile banking experience in
Surviscor’s 2023 Mobile Banking Review.
Launched CIBC Smart Planner, our digital advice tool available in our mobile banking app that helps clients set, track and achieve their
financial goals. It takes the complexity out of managing finances with personalized advice based on the client’s choices and spending habits.
Ranked #1 in cardholder experience in Canada and recognized as the #1 cash back credit card in The 2023 Loyalty Report™ by Bond.
Launched the Costco Small Business Credit Card, a first of its kind for Costco Canada, and introduced Digital Reward Gift Certificates and
Digital Autopay Enrollment for our Costco cardholders.
Introduced the option for clients to choose or change their credit and debit card personal identification number (PIN) on CIBC mobile and/or
online banking, and expanded our CIBC Pace It installment plan to enable cardholders to convert eligible purchases on participating merchant
websites at point of sale.
Launched International Credit Transactions, making it easier for clients to receive funds from individuals and merchants using their CIBC
Advantage Debit Card instead of wire transfers.
Providing our team with the tools to deliver an excellent experience for our clients
Ranked #1 on Investment Executive 2023 Report Card on Banks for the eighth consecutive year.
Launched CIBC Smart Account for Estates to improve the estate settlement experience for clients.
Introduced new cross-border account open capabilities to support Canadian clients with U.S. banking needs.
Improved the credit protection experience by providing advisors with automated tools to help deliver personalized protection advice that is
meaningful to our clients.
Enhanced the delivery service for our remote banking centre locations improving cash services for our clients in remote areas.
2023 financial review
Revenue
($ billions)
8.9
9.4
Net income
($ millions)
2,249
2,358
Operating leverage
(%)
Average loans and
acceptances (2)
($ billions)
(1)
302.1
316.7
Average deposits(2)
($ billions)
204.0
218.4
1.6
(3.4)
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
(1) Loan amounts are stated before any related allowances.
(2) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
Our focus for 2024
In Canadian Personal and Business Banking, our objective is to become the leader in financial advice to help our clients achieve their ambitions,
and deliver consistent, sustainable earnings. Our strategy is centred on three strategic priorities:
Delivering exceptional client experiences with personalized advice and high-touch service and solutions through our Imperial Service offering;
Growing our Personal Banking business with a digital-first mindset by making it easier for clients to bank with us digitally; and
Establishing a culture of operational excellence, enabled through our talent, technology and processes.
22 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Results
(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Revenue
Provision for credit losses
Impaired
Performing
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to:
Equity shareholders
Total revenue
Net interest income
Non-interest income (2)
(3)
(4)
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets
Efficiency ratio
Operating leverage
Return on equity
(5)
Average allocated common equity
Average assets ($ billions)
Average loans and acceptances ($ billions) (3)
Average deposits ($ billions) (3)
Full-time equivalent employees
(3)
(5)
2023
2022
$
9,407
$
8,909
922
64
986
5,174
3,247
889
534
342
876
4,975
3,058
809
$
2,358
$
2,249
$
2,358
$
2,249
$
7,247
2,160
$
6,657
2,252
$
9,407
$
8,909
2.30 %
55.0 %
1.6 %
25.0 %
$
$
$
$
9,414
319.8
316.7
218.4
13,208
2.21 %
55.8 %
(3.4)%
28.2 %
$
$
$
$
7,987
305.1
302.1
204.0
13,840
(1) For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) Includes intersegment revenue, which represents internal sales commissions and revenue allocations under the Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel
allocation management model.
(3) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(4) For additional information on the composition, see the “Glossary” section.
(5) For additional information, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
Financial overview
Net income was up $109 million or 5% from 2022, primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher non-interest expenses and a higher
provision for credit losses.
Revenue
Revenue was up $498 million or 6% from 2022, primarily due to higher net interest margin and volume growth.
Net interest income was up $590 million or 9% from 2022, primarily due to higher net interest margin and volume growth, including from the
acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio. Non-interest income was down $92 million or 4% from 2022, primarily due to lower fee
revenue, including from lower card fees, partially due to the commodity tax charge related to the retroactive impact of the 2023 Canadian Federal
budget, shown as an item of note.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was up 9 basis points, mainly due to higher deposit margins, partially offset by lower loan
margins.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up $110 million or 13% from 2022. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was down primarily due to the
unfavourable change in our economic outlook in the prior year, as well as a provision related to the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card
portfolio in the second quarter last year. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up, primarily due to higher write-offs in credit cards and
personal lending.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $199 million or 4% from 2022, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives, including the Canadian
Costco credit card portfolio, and higher employee-related compensation, including from higher employee termination costs, and performance-
based compensation.
Income taxes
Income taxes were up $80 million or 10% from 2022, primarily due to higher income and increased taxes arising from the 2022 Canadian Federal
budget, which included the 1.5% tax rate increase.
Average assets
Average assets were up $14.7 billion or 5% from 2022, primarily due to growth in residential mortgages and cards, including from the acquisition of
the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 23
Management’s discussion and analysis
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides high-touch, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management services to
middle-market companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families across Canada, as well as asset management services to
institutional investors.
Our business strategy
We are focused on building and enhancing client relationships, being Canada’s leader in financial advice and generating long-term consistent
growth. To deliver on this, our three key strategic priorities continue to be:
Delivering risk-controlled growth in our Commercial Bank;
Accelerating the growth of Private Wealth; and
Evolving our Asset Management business.
2023 progress
In 2023, our purpose-driven team maintained a strong focus on clients through an evolving economic environment by supporting their short- and
long-term ambitions. This year, the effect of rapidly rising interest rates and ongoing inflationary pressures slowed the Canadian commercial
landscape. As higher interest rates impacted cash flows and affected Canadian consumers and businesses, entrepreneurs grew more cautious
about undertaking new initiatives and taking on more debt. Against a backdrop of moderate economic growth, Commercial Banking continued to
deliver consistent financial performance, and disciplined risk and expense management, while delivering new digital tools and technology to
simplify the experience of clients and team members. In Private Wealth, we launched or extended tools such as CIBC GoalPlanner to support our
advisors in delivering expert financial advice and deepening client relationships. In Asset Management, we launched our modern and digitally-
enabled CIBC Investment Platform, which will drive significant gains in advisor productivity. Across our businesses, our teams maintained strong
referral momentum resulting in deeper client relationships and reinforcing our commitment to helping them achieve their ambitions.
Delivering risk-controlled growth in our Commercial Bank
Achieved our highest-ever net promotor score results, highlighting the results of our investments in advisory capabilities and support services.
Expanded our targeted industry programs, including adding to our Innovation Banking team in North America and the U.K., and continued
growth of our National Industry Programs.
Continued our journey to modernize our commercial banking systems including completing the rollout of Precision Lender, launching
DocuSign and implementing a new Client Sales and Support model to better address the transactional support needs of our clients.
Accelerating the growth of Private Wealth
Wood Gundy was ranked second overall amongst the Big 5 banks by Investment Executive Brokerage Report Card – a strong statement on
the confidence of our advisory team.
Launched an industry leading Client Relationship Management tool with CIBC Private Wealth, supporting effective client relationship
management.
Launched CIBC GoalPlanner, our digital goal-setting platform into CIBC Wood Gundy to support financial planning discussions with clients.
Evolving our Asset Management business
Launched CIBC Investment Platform, our state-of-the-art platform that streamlines account structures, improves onboarding and client
reporting, and provides enhanced portfolio management capabilities for advisors.
Ranked #3 among the Big 6 banks in long-term mutual fund sales and key institutional wins with large pension plans in Japan and Australia.
Extended our alternatives product suite with the launch of CIBC Alternative Credit fund and our partnership with Ares on Private Credit.
Continued to invest in programs designed to overcome underrepresentation, including through the CIBC Asset Management Chartered
Financial Analyst Indigenous Scholarship Program and the Ivey School of Business Women in Asset Management Program.
24 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
2023 financial review
Revenue
($ billions)
5.4
5.3
Net income
($ millions)
1,895
1,878
Operating leverage
(%)
Average loans
($ billions)
(1)(2)
3.8
94.5
87.6
Average deposits
(2)
($ billions)
94.0
96.8
1.5
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
Average commercial
banking loans
(1)(2)(3)
($ billions)
Average commercial
banking deposits
(2)
($ billions)
85.0
92.1
85.0
90.9
Assets under
administration and
management
(4)
($ billions)
324.5
331.6
Canadian retail mutual
funds and exchange-
traded funds
($ billions)
119.9
120.4
22
23
22
23
(1) Loan amounts are stated before any related allowances.
(2) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(3) Comprises loans and acceptances and notional amount of letters of credit.
(4) AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA.
208.8
213.5
22
-
23
AUM
22
23
Our focus for 2024
In Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, our ambition is to become the leader in financial advice to both personal and business clients. We
remain focused on three strategic priorities:
Delivering risk-controlled growth in our Commercial Bank, while continuing to foster strong referrals across CIBC;
Accelerating the growth of Private Wealth with a focus on financial planning to deepen client relationships; and
Evolving our Asset Management business to increase connectivity across our bank and support advisors with digital tools and technology to
deepen client relationships.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 25
Management’s discussion and analysis
Results(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Revenue
Commercial banking
Wealth management
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Impaired
Performing
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to:
Equity shareholders
Total revenue
Net interest income
Non-interest income
(2)
(3)
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (4)
Efficiency ratio
Operating leverage
Return on equity (5)
Average allocated common equity (5)
Average assets ($ billions) (3)
Average loans ($ billions)
Average deposits ($ billions) (3)
AUA ($ billions)
AUM ($ billions)
Full-time equivalent employees
(3)
2023
2022
$ 2,501
2,902
5,403
108
35
143
2,691
2,569
691
$ 2,278
2,976
5,254
22
1
23
2,656
2,575
680
$ 1,878
$ 1,895
$ 1,878
$ 1,895
$ 1,812
3,591
$ 5,403
3.43 %
49.8 %
1.5 %
22.2 %
$ 8,469
$
91.6
$
94.5
$
96.8
$ 331.6
$ 213.5
5,433
$ 1,672
3,582
$ 5,254
3.37 %
50.5 %
3.8 %
22.9 %
$ 8,275
$
84.7
$
87.6
$
94.0
$ 324.5
$ 208.8
5,711
(1) For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) Includes intersegment revenue, which represents internal sales commissions and revenue allocations under the Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel
allocation management model.
(3) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(4) For additional information on the composition, see the “Glossary” section.
(5) For additional information, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
Financial overview
Net income was down $17 million or 1% from 2022, primarily due to a higher provision for credit losses and higher non-interest expenses, partially
offset by higher revenue.
Revenue
Revenue was up $149 million or 3% from 2022.
Commercial banking revenue was up $223 million or 10%, primarily due to higher deposit margins, volume growth and higher fees, partially offset
by lower loan margins.
Wealth management revenue was down $74 million or 2%, primarily due to lower commission revenue from decreased client activity and lower
deposit volumes, partially offset by higher fee-based revenue driven by favourable change in mix and higher balances.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was up 6 basis points primarily due to higher deposit margins, partially offset by lower loan
margins.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up $120 million or 522% from 2022. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was up primarily due to an
unfavourable change in our economic outlook and unfavourable credit migration. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up due to higher
provisions in the education, health and social services, and the retail and wholesale sectors.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $35 million or 1% from 2022, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives and higher employee
termination costs, partially offset by lower performance-based compensation and other expenditures.
Income taxes
Income taxes were up $11 million or 2% from 2022, despite lower income, primarily due to increased taxes arising from the 2022 Canadian Federal
budget, which included the 1.5% tax rate increase.
Average assets
Average assets were up $6.9 billion or 8% from 2022, primarily due to growth in commercial loans.
Assets under administration
AUA on a spot basis were up $7.1 billion or 2% from 2022, primarily due to net new client flows. AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported
under AUA.
26 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides tailored, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management solutions across the
U.S., focusing on middle-market and mid-corporate companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families, as well as operating
personal and small business banking services in four U.S. markets.
Our business strategy
Our goal is to grow a best-in-class, relationship-based commercial banking and wealth management franchise in the U.S., focused on clients who
have a deep connection to their relationship management teams and a broader relationship across our lines of business. Our key strategic priorities
continue to be:
Building and deepening client relationships;
Strengthening and diversifying our deposit base;
Improving efficiency and capabilities through data and technology; and
Advancing the growth and transformation of our business.
2023 progress
In 2023, our continued focus on well-established relationship banking allowed us to attract new clients and provide opportunities to do more with
existing clients, all within a more fluid economic environment. As business owners take a more conservative approach to borrowing in a higher rate
environment, demand for loans has moderated, however, deposit performance has stabilized and AUM/AUA net flows are positive – both encouraging
indicators for the long term. The strategic investments we’ve made in our business position us for growth going forward, including building a presence
in fast growing U.S. markets, expanding the products and services we offer, and improving processes and technology to better meet client needs.
Building and deepening client relationships
Generated notable growth in partner referrals that drove new business and helped clients fulfill their broader wealth needs.
Drove solid loan growth, as well as continued expansion of our private banking business with existing commercial and wealth clients.
Continued positive AUM and AUA net flows, which helped to enhance our return on capital.
Continued to leverage our strong partnership with our Capital Markets team to provide a wider range of products and services to U.S.
commercial and wealth clients.
Ranked as a Top Ten Registered Investment Advisor by Barron’s for the fourth consecutive year.
CIBC Private Wealth remains Private Asset Management’s most awarded firm in the industry over the last 12 years.
Continued growth in private banking, attracting high-quality deposits for the long term.
Strengthening and diversifying our deposit base
Maintained a diversified funding strategy through our commercial, private banking and retail clients.
Expanded deposit gathering, including leveraging the rising rate environment to attract new clients to our CIBC Agility online savings platform.
Improved online and mobile banking platform while enhancing risk functions.
Improving efficiency and capabilities through data and technology
Significant investments in platforms intended to improve client experience and increase efficiency relating to wealth management reporting,
marketable secured lending, pricing tools and our U.S. customer relationship management capabilities.
Harvested our investments in data by developing strong analytics capabilities to support how we run, protect and transform our business.
Designed and implemented client delivery models that align with our continued investment in our risk management capabilities.
Advancing the growth and transformation of our business
Growth of capital-light businesses, such as Wealth Management, by adding and building talent, expanding coverage in select markets, and
investing in product, process and technology to drive scalability in this space.
Disciplined growth in Commercial Banking while selectively delivering new products and services such as equipment financing, focusing on
enhancing our deposit funding profile and a continued focus on referrals.
Focused on connectivity, including delivering solutions from across our bank to our clients, generating value by deepening client relationships,
generating recurring revenue and enhancing returns.
Continued to evolve our risk management capabilities to support our growth.
2023 financial review
Revenue
(US$ billions)
1.9
2.0
Net income
($ millions)
760
Net income
(US$ millions)
588
Operating leverage
(% in U.S. dollars)
(6.3)
(0.7)
379
280
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 27
Management’s discussion and analysis
Average loans (2)
(US$ billions)
(1)
Average deposits
(2)
(US$ billions)
37.4
40.4
35.3
34.6
Average commercial
banking loans (2)
(US$ billions)
(1)
36.1
33.0
Assets under administration
and management
(3)
(US$ billions)
88.8
93.2
22
23
22
23
22
23
(1) Loan amounts are stated before any related allowances.
(2) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(3) AUM amounts are included in the amounts reported under AUA.
68.4
70.2
22
23
AUM
Our focus for 2024
To build on our momentum across U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, we will continue to focus on helping our clients achieve their
ambitions by:
Expanding Private Wealth Management with a focus on high-touch relationships and building scale;
Growing Commercial Banking by delivering industry expertise and unique solutions leveraging the strength of our franchise to provide lending
and deposit services; and
Investing in people, technology and infrastructure to scale our platform, drive connectivity, enhance our risk management capabilities and
improve our data-driven decision making.
Results in Canadian dollars(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Revenue
Commercial banking
Wealth management
Total revenue (2)
Provision for credit losses
Impaired
Performing
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to:
Equity shareholders
Total revenue (2)
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Average allocated common equity (3)
Average assets ($ billions) (4)
Average loans ($ billions)
Average deposits ($ billions) (4)
AUA ($ billions) (5)
AUM ($ billions) (5)
Full-time equivalent employees
(4)
2023
1,786
906
2,692
520
330
850
1,466
376
(3)
379
379
1,889
803
$
$
$
$
2022
1,613
844
2,457
113
105
218
1,328
911
151
760
760
1,655
802
$
$
$
$
$
2,692
$
2,457
$ 11,396
60.6
$
54.5
$
46.7
$
129.2
$
97.3
$
2,780
$ 10,422
54.0
$
48.3
$
45.6
$
121.0
$
93.2
$
2,472
(1) For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) Included $3 million of income relating to the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired loans of The PrivateBank (2022: $8 million).
(3) For additional information, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
(4) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(5) Includes certain Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management assets that U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides sub-advisory services for.
28 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Results in U.S. dollars(1)
US$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Revenue
Commercial banking
Wealth management
Total revenue (2)
Provision for credit losses
Impaired
Performing
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to:
Equity shareholders
Total revenue (2)
Net interest income
Non-interest income
(3)
(4)
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets
Efficiency ratio
Operating leverage
Return on equity
(3)
Average allocated common equity
(5)
Average assets ($ billions) (3)
Average loans ($ billions) (3)
Average deposits ($ billions)
AUA ($ billions) (6)
AUM ($ billions) (6)
(3)
2023
2022
$ 1,323
671
1,994
$ 1,249
653
1,902
385
245
630
1,086
278
(2)
280
280
$
$
87
82
169
1,028
705
117
588
588
$
$
$ 1,399
595
$ 1,994
$ 1,281
621
$ 1,902
3.46 %
54.5 %
(0.7)%
3.3 %
$ 8,445
44.9
$
40.4
$
34.6
$
93.2
$
70.2
$
3.42 %
54.0 %
(6.3)%
7.3 %
$ 8,066
41.7
$
37.4
$
35.3
$
88.8
$
68.4
$
(1) For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) Included US$2 million of income relating to the accretion of the acquisition date fair value discount on the acquired loans of The PrivateBank (2022: US$6 million).
(3) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(4) For additional information on the composition, see the “Glossary” section.
(5) For additional information, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
(6) Includes certain Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management assets that U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides sub-advisory
services for.
Financial overview
Net income was down $381 million or 50% (US$308 million or 52%) from 2022, primarily due to a higher provision for credit losses and higher
non-interest expenses, partially offset by higher revenue.
Revenue
Revenue was up US$92 million or 5% from 2022.
Commercial banking revenue was up US$74 million or 6%, primarily due to loan volume growth, partially offset by lower fees.
Wealth management revenue was up US$18 million or 3%, primarily due to higher deposit margins, and higher fee-based revenue driven by higher
annual performance-based mutual fund fees.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets was up 4 basis points, primarily due to higher deposit margins, partially offset by lower loan
margins.
Provision for credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up US$461 million or 273% from 2022. Provision for credit losses on performing loans was up due to an unfavourable
change in our economic outlook in the U.S., including with respect to the U.S. office portfolio within the U.S. real estate portfolio, and unfavourable
credit migration. Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was up due to higher provisions in the real estate and construction sector.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up US$58 million or 6% from 2022, primarily due to higher employee-related compensation, including from higher
employee termination costs, partially offset by lower professional fees.
Income taxes
Income taxes were down US$119 million or 102% from 2022, due to lower income and earnings mix.
Average assets
Average assets were up US$3.2 billion or 8% from 2022, primarily due to growth in loans.
Assets under administration
AUA were up US$4.4 billion or 5% from 2022, primarily due to market appreciation and net sales. AUM amounts are included in the amounts
reported under AUA.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 29
Management’s discussion and analysis
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services provides integrated global markets products and services, investment banking and corporate
banking solutions, and top-ranked research to our clients around the world, and leverages CIBC’s digital capabilities to provide a cohesive set of
direct banking, direct investing and innovative multi-currency payment solutions for CIBC’s clients.
Our business strategy
Our goal is to deliver leading capital markets solutions to our North American and international clients through best-in-class insight, advice and
execution. To enable CIBC’s strategy and priorities, we collaborate with our partners across our bank to deepen and enhance client relationships.
Our three key strategic priorities continue to be:
Delivering the leading capital markets platform in Canada to our core clients;
Building a North American client platform with global capabilities; and
Focusing on connectivity to accelerate the growth of Direct Financial Services and deepen relationships across our bank.
2023 progress
In 2023, we continued to make progress on our strategic priorities with an emphasis on deepening client relationships, growing in the U.S. and
enhancing connectivity across the bank. Collectively, these efforts have built a well-diversified Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
business that delivers consistent performance and growth. Our growth in 2023 was enabled by our strong focus on clients and favourable market
conditions in Global Markets. In addition, we further expanded our Direct Financial Services business to generate more recurring revenue and
attract new clients seeking convenient, digitally-enabled banking and investing solutions.
Delivering the leading capital markets platform in Canada to our core clients
Continued delivering industry-leading advice and capital markets solutions by expanding our capabilities and expertise to complement our
existing businesses.
Strengthened our platform by continuing to invest in technology, as well as simplifying processes to enable our client-focused culture.
Built on our multi-year support for the University of Calgary, the Schulich School of Business, and McGill University, appointed the inaugural
CIBC Chair in Sustainable Finance, opened the Energy Transition Centre and invested in the Sustainable Growth Initiative.
Building a North American client platform with global capabilities
Continued to expand our U.S. franchise, adding capabilities for our corporate, institutional and private capital clients.
Announced a new sustainable finance offering in collaboration with Export Development Canada to help support export-oriented Canadian
businesses transitioning towards more sustainable operations.
Recognized by Global Finance as Best Investment Bank in Canada and for Outstanding Leadership in Sustainable Infrastructure Finance.
Awarded Best Issuer and Best Principal at Risk Issuer by SPi Canada.
CIBC U.S. Middle Market Investment Banking named Top 50 M&A Investment Banker by M&A Atlas Awards.
Focusing on connectivity to accelerate the growth of Direct Financial Services and deepen relationships across our bank
Further expanded our industry-first Canadian Depositary Receipts lineup as part of our ongoing commitment to developing innovative, market-
based solutions that meet investor needs.
Added to our unique set of digital-first solutions for CIBC and Simplii clients by enabling real-time, no-transfer-fee remittance to Alipay mobile
wallets.
Unveiled a new brand perspective to build on Simplii Financial’s goal of being a leader in direct banking.
As a leading capital markets franchise in Canada and banking partner to our clients around the world, Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services
acted as:
Financial advisor to Northview Fund on its recapitalization transaction including the acquisition of three portfolios for $742 million and its
intention to transform into Northview Residential REIT, a $2.7 billion real estate investment trust focused on national multi-family properties.
Sole financial advisor, arranger and hedge counterparty to Pulse Clean Energy on their new £175 million revolving credit facility for the
development of new energy storage and grid stability facilities across the U.K.
Lead bookrunner on a $575 million issue of common shares and $400 million issue of senior notes for Intact Financial Corporation in
connection with Intact’s acquisition of the brokered commercial lines operations of Direct Line Insurance Group plc.
Structuring bank, administrative agent, collateral agent, bookrunner and left lead arranger on an upsized US$2.75 billion construction
warehouse facility for AES Clean Energy Development LLC to support the company’s build-out of clean energy projects and ratings advisor
and lead placement agent on US$246 million senior secured private placement notes to refinance four new operational projects.
Joint bookrunner on a number of corporate green and sustainable bonds including Enbridge Inc.’s $900 million sustainability-linked notes,
OMERS Realty Corporation’s $600 million green debentures and Sun Life Financial Inc.’s $500 million sustainable subordinated debentures
offerings as well as joint bookrunner for the European Investment Bank’s US$5 billion climate awareness notes, Province of Ontario’s
$1.5 billion green bond and Ontario Teachers’ Finance Trusts’ $1 billion green notes offerings.
Lead roles in the structuring and execution of a number of sustainability-linked loans (SLLs) in Canada, including acting as sole bookrunner,
sole lead arranger and sole sustainability structuring agent on an SLL overlay to the $700 million revolver for FortisBC Energy Inc., as well as
outside Canada, including acting as mandated lead arranger on the A$1.6 billion green loans for Vector Metering in Australia and
New Zealand.
Financial advisor to Baytex Energy Corp. on its acquisition of Ranger Oil Corporation, an Eagle Ford company, for a transaction value of
approximately $3.4 billion; joint bookrunner on a bridge facility, a revolver and a term loan in support of this transaction and active bookrunner
on a US$800 million issue of notes to take out the bridge facility.
Financial advisor to Copper Mountain Mining Corporation on their combination with Hudbay Minerals Inc. for a transaction value of
approximately US$600 million.
30 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
2023 financial review
Revenue
($ billions)
5.5
5.0
Net income
($ millions)
1,908
1,986
Operating leverage
(%)
(4.4)
(1.9)
22
23
22
23
22
23
Average loans and acceptances
($ billions)
Average deposits
($ billions)
Average value-at-risk (VaR)
($ millions)
70.3
62.5
118.4
100.5
8.7
9.2
Revenue – Direct
financial services
($ millions)
1,237
979
22
23
22
23
22
23
22
23
Our focus for 2024
To support our bank’s long-term objectives, Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services remains focused on delivering profitable growth by
deepening client relationships and collaborating with our partners across our bank to help make our clients’ ambitions a reality. We will continue to
do this by:
Maintaining our focused approach to client coverage in Canada;
Growing our North American platform by further expanding our U.S. reach and broadening the services offered to clients; and
Strengthening our connectivity, technology and innovation efforts to bring more of our bank’s offerings to our clients.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 31
Management’s discussion and analysis
Results
(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Revenue
Global markets
Corporate and investment banking
Direct financial services
Total revenue (2)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Impaired
Performing
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
(2)
Net income
Net income attributable to:
Equity shareholders
Efficiency ratio
Operating leverage
Return on equity
(3)
Average allocated common equity
(3)
Average assets ($ billions)
Average loans and acceptances ($ billions) (4)
Average deposits ($ billions)
Full-time equivalent employees (5)
(4)
(4)
2023
2022
$ 2,614
1,637
1,237
5,488
4
15
19
2,721
2,748
762
$ 2,322
1,700
979
5,001
(31)
(31)
(62)
2,437
2,626
718
$ 1,986
$ 1,908
$ 1,986
$ 1,908
49.6 %
(1.9)%
23.0 %
$ 8,638
$ 287.6
$
70.3
$ 118.4
2,411
48.7 %
(4.4)%
21.3 %
$ 8,978
$ 284.3
$
62.5
$ 100.5
2,384
(1) For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) Revenue and income taxes are reported on a TEB. Accordingly, revenue and income taxes include a TEB adjustment of $254 million (2022: $211 million). The equivalent
amounts are offset in the revenue and income taxes of Corporate and Other.
(3) For additional information, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
(4) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(5) In 2021, 79 full-time equivalent employees related to Simplii Financial’s call centre operations were transferred to Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services from
Corporate and Other, with no financial impact as the costs were previously allocated to Direct financial services.
Financial overview
Net income was up $78 million or 4% from 2022, primarily due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher non-interest expenses and a provision for
credit losses in the current year compared with a provision reversal in the prior year.
Revenue
Revenue was up $487 million or 10% from 2022.
Global markets revenue was up $292 million or 13%, primarily due to higher fixed income, commodities and foreign exchange trading revenue, and
higher financing revenue, partially offset by lower equity derivatives trading revenue.
Corporate and investment banking revenue was down $63 million or 4%, primarily due to lower gains from our investment portfolios, lower debt and
equity underwriting activity, and lower advisory revenue, partially offset by higher corporate banking revenue.
Direct financial services revenue was up $258 million or 26%, primarily due to higher revenue from Simplii Financial, and growth in our foreign
exchange and payments business, partially offset by lower trading volumes in direct investing.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Provision for credit losses for 2023 was $19 million, compared with a provision reversal of $62 million in 2022. The current year included a provision
for credit losses on performing loans due to unfavourable credit migration, while last year included a provision reversal due to a favourable change
in our economic outlook. The current year included a modest provision for credit losses on impaired loans, while last year included a provision
reversal on impaired loans mainly attributable to reversals in the oil and gas sector.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $284 million or 12% from 2022, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives, higher employee-related
compensation, including from higher employee termination costs and performance-based compensation, and higher legal provisions in the current
year.
Income taxes
Income taxes were up $44 million or 6% from 2022, due to increased taxes arising in part from the 2022 Canadian Federal budget, which included
the 1.5% tax rate increase.
Average assets
Average assets were up $3.3 billion or 1% from 2022, primarily due to higher customer liabilities under acceptances, higher securities purchased
under resale agreements and higher trading securities, partially offset by lower loan balances and lower derivative valuations.
32 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other includes the following functional groups – Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation, Risk Management, People, Culture and
Brand, Finance and Enterprise Strategy, as well as other support groups. The expenses of these functional and support groups are generally
allocated to the business lines within the SBUs. Corporate and Other also includes the results of CIBC FirstCaribbean and other portfolio
investments, as well as other income statement and balance sheet items not directly attributable to the business lines.
Results(1)
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Revenue
International banking
Other
Total revenue
(2)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Impaired
Performing
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Loss before income taxes
Income taxes (2)
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to:
Non-controlling interests
Equity shareholders
Full-time equivalent employees (3)
2023
2022
$
956
(623)
333
40
(28)
12
2,297
(1,976)
(408)
$
(1,568)
$
38
(1,606)
$
$
$
778
(566)
212
59
(57)
2
1,407
(1,197)
(628)
(569)
23
(592)
24,242
26,020
(1) For additional segmented information, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) Revenue and income taxes of Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services are reported on a TEB. The equivalent amounts are offset in the revenue and income taxes of
Corporate and Other. Accordingly, revenue and income taxes include a TEB adjustment of $254 million (2022: $211 million).
(3) Includes full-time equivalent employees for which the expenses are allocated to the business lines within the SBUs. The majority of the full-time equivalent employees for
functional and support costs of CIBC Bank USA are included in the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management SBU.
Financial overview
Net loss was up $999 million from 2022, due to higher non-interest expenses and a higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher
revenue.
Revenue
Revenue was up $121 million from 2022.
International banking revenue was up $178 million, primarily due to higher net interest margin and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Other revenue was down $57 million, primarily due to a higher TEB adjustment and lower revenue from our strategic investments, partially offset by
higher treasury revenue.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Provision for credit losses was up $10 million from 2022. Provision reversal on performing loans was down as the same period last year included a
favourable impact resulting from model parameter updates which reflected improved post-pandemic conditions. Provision for credit losses on
impaired loans was down due to lower provisions in International banking.
Non-interest expenses
Non-interest expenses were up $890 million from 2022, mainly due to an increase in legal provisions, including those shown as an item of note,
higher expenses in International banking, and higher employee terminations costs, partially offset by a pension plan amendment gain.
Income taxes
Income tax benefit was down $220 million from 2022, due to increased taxes arising in part from the 2022 Canadian Federal budget, which included
the CRD tax and the 1.5% tax rate increase.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 33
Management’s discussion and analysis
Financial condition
Review of condensed consolidated balance sheet
$ millions, as at October 31
Assets
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed and purchased under resale agreements
Loans and acceptances
Derivative instruments
Other assets
Liabilities and equity
Deposits
Obligations related to securities lent, sold short and under repurchase agreements
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Equity
2023
2022
$
55,718
211,348
94,835
540,153
33,243
40,422
$
63,861
175,879
84,539
528,657
43,035
47,626
$ 975,719
$ 943,597
$ 723,376
113,865
41,290
10,820
26,672
6,483
53,213
$ 697,572
97,308
52,340
11,586
28,117
6,292
50,382
$ 975,719
$ 943,597
Assets
Total assets as at October 31, 2023 were up $32.1 billion or 3% from 2022, of which approximately $6 billion was due to the appreciation of the U.S.
dollar.
Cash and deposits with banks decreased by $8.1 billion or 13%, primarily due to lower short-term placements in Treasury.
Securities increased by $35.5 billion or 20%, primarily due to increases in debt security portfolios in Treasury and in our trading businesses, and
increases in equity trading securities.
Securities borrowed and purchased under resale agreements increased by $10.3 billion or 12%, primarily due to client-driven activities.
Net loans and acceptances increased by $11.5 billion or 2%, primarily due to increases in Canadian residential mortgages, business and
government loans, which included the impact of foreign exchange translation, and the credit card portfolio. Further details on the composition of
loans and acceptances are provided in the “Supplementary annual financial information” section and Note 5 to the consolidated financial
statements.
Derivative instruments decreased by $9.8 billion or 23%, largely driven by decreases in foreign exchange and other commodity derivatives
valuation, partially offset by an increase in interest rate derivatives valuation.
Other assets decreased by $7.2 billion or 15%, primarily due to decreases in collateral pledged for derivatives and broker receivables, partially
offset by an increase in accrued interest receivable.
Liabilities
Total liabilities as at October 31, 2023 were up $29.3 billion or 3% from 2022, of which approximately $6 billion was due to the appreciation of the
U.S. dollar.
Deposits increased by $25.8 billion or 4%, primarily due to increased wholesale funding, domestic retail volume growth, and business and
government deposits. Further details on the composition of deposits are provided in the “Supplementary annual financial information” section and
Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
Obligations related to securities lent, sold short and under repurchase agreements increased by $16.6 billion or 17%, primarily due to client-driven
activities.
Derivative instruments decreased by $11.1 billion or 21%, largely driven by decreases in foreign exchange, other commodity, and equity derivatives
valuation, partially offset by an increase in interest rate derivatives valuation.
Acceptances decreased by $0.8 billion or 7%, driven by client activities.
Other liabilities decreased by $1.4 billion or 5%, primarily due to decreases in collateral pledged for derivatives and broker payables, partially offset
by an increase in accrued interest payable.
Subordinated indebtedness increased by $0.2 billion or 3%, primarily due to the issuance of subordinated indebtedness during the first and second
quarters, partially offset by the redemption of subordinated indebtedness in the second quarter. For further details see the “Capital management”
section.
Equity
Equity as at October 31, 2023 increased by $2.8 billion or 6% from 2022, primarily due to a net increase in retained earnings from net income that
exceeded dividends and distributions and the issuance of common shares primarily related to our shareholder investment plan. For further details
see the “Capital management” section.
34 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Capital management
Our capital strength protects our depositors and creditors from risks inherent in our businesses. Our overall capital management objective is to
maintain a strong and efficient capital base that:
Acts as a buffer to absorb unexpected losses while providing sustainable returns to our shareholders;
Enables our businesses to grow and execute on our strategy;
Demonstrates balance sheet strength and our commitment to prudent balance sheet management; and
Supports us in maintaining a favourable credit standing and raising additional capital or other funding on attractive terms.
We actively manage our capital to meet these objectives in support of our overall enterprise strategy. We also consider the economic outlook, and
the overall operating environment when deploying our capital and may choose to operate with greater levels of capital based on our view of
potential downside risks.
Capital management and planning framework
We maintain a capital management policy that establishes our capital management principles in the context of our risk appetite to support our
capital management objectives. Our capital management policy is reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors (the Board) in support of our
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). The policy includes guidelines that relate to capital strength, capital mix, dividends and
return of capital, and unconsolidated capital adequacy of regulated entities, based on regulatory requirements and our risk appetite. The level of
capital and capital ratios are continually monitored relative to our regulatory minimums and internal targets and the amount of capital required may
change in relation to our business growth, risk appetite, and the business and regulatory environment.
Capital planning is a crucial element of our overall financial planning process and establishment of strategic objectives and is developed in
accordance with the capital management policy. Each year, a capital plan and three-year outlook are developed as part of the financial plan, which
establishes targets for the coming year and business plans to achieve those targets. The capital plan is also stress-tested as a part of our
enterprise-wide stress testing process to ensure CIBC is adequately capitalized through severe but plausible stress scenarios (see the “Enterprise-
wide stress testing” section for further details). Our capital position and forecasts are monitored throughout the year and assessed against the
capital plan.
The Board, with endorsement from the Risk Management Committee (RMC), provides oversight of CIBC’s capital management through the
approval of our risk appetite, capital policy and plan. The RMC and the Board are provided with regular updates on our capital position including
performance to date, updated forecasts, and any material regulatory developments that may impact our future capital position. Treasury is
responsible for the overall management of capital including planning, forecasting, and execution of the plan, with senior management oversight
provided by the Global Asset Liability Committee (GALCO).
Enterprise-wide stress testing
We perform enterprise-wide stress testing on at least an annual basis. The results are an integral part of our ICAAP, as defined by Pillar 2 of the
Basel III Accord, wherein we identify and measure our risks on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that the capital available is sufficient to cover all
risks across CIBC, including the impacts of stress testing. We maintain a process that determines plausible but stressed economic scenarios such
as global recessions and housing price shocks, and then apply these stress scenarios to our bank-wide exposures to determine the impact on the
consolidated statement of income, RWA requirements, and consequently, key capital ratios. This helps us analyze the potential risks within our
portfolios and establish prudent capital levels in excess of the regulatory minimum requirements. All of the elements of capital are monitored
throughout the year and the capital plan is adjusted as appropriate.
Management determines the range of scenarios to be tested. Macroeconomic stress test scenarios are designed to be both severe and
plausible and designed to be consistent with OSFI’s stress testing framework to ensure that they are comprehensive.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 35
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following diagram summarizes the enterprise-wide stress testing process including the development of scenarios, identification of risk
drivers and linkages to our other bank-wide ICAAP processes. The process includes syndication with our economists and lines of business to
ensure scenarios are relevant to our businesses and there is a consistent interpretation of the scenarios across CIBC.
Enterprise-wide Stress Testing
Scenario Development
Develop macroeconomic scenarios
relevant to the current and projected
business cycle including emerging risks
Risk Identification/Modelling
Identification of relevant risk drivers
Development and validation of stress
models and parameters
Translation of financial and macroeconomic factors
(e.g., GDP, unemployment, yield curve, etc.)
Quantify impacts
Credit
Market
Operational
Liquidity
Earnings
Other
Aggregate results
Earnings
Evaluate and review bank-wide impacts
Capital Impacts
Funding and Liquidity
Linkages
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)
Risk
Appetite
Capital
Management
and Planning
Financial
Management
and Planning
Liquidity
Management
Recovery and
Resolution
Planning
Risk
Management
Stress test scenarios are designed to capture a wide range of macroeconomic and financial variables that are relevant to assess the impact on our
specific portfolios. This includes, for example, GDP, unemployment, house prices, interest rates and equity prices.
The stress testing process is comprehensive, using a bottoms-up analysis of each of our bank-wide portfolios, and the results are analyzed on
a product, location and sector basis. Our stress testing approach combines the use of statistical models and expert judgment to ensure the results
are reasonable in estimating the impacts of the stress scenarios.
Stress testing methodologies and results are subject to a detailed review and challenge from both our lines of business and Risk Management.
Stress testing results are presented for review to the RMC and are also shared with the Board and OSFI. The results of our enterprise-wide stress
testing are used to highlight any vulnerabilities and ensure we remain well capitalized against regulatory and management expectations.
A key objective of the enterprise-wide stress tests is to identify key areas of exposure and foster discussion of management actions that would
be taken to mitigate the impact of stress scenarios. Contingency planning and strategies for extreme stress scenarios are included in the
development and maintenance of CIBC’s recovery and resolution plans. These plans include credible remedial actions that may be considered to
counteract and recover from stress, or promote CIBC’s orderly resolution with limited systemic impacts. Additional information on stress testing is
provided in the “Management of risk” section.
Recovery plan
FRFIs must maintain robust and credible recovery plans that identify options to restore financial strength and viability when under severe stress.
CIBC continues to maintain and update its recovery plan in line with OSFI requirements and industry best practices.
Resolution plan
The Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC) Resolution Planning By-law establishes a statutory framework pursuant to which domestic
systemically important banks (D-SIBs) submit and maintain resolution plans that are critical to support resolvability and financial sector stability.
CDIC, Canada’s resolution authority for its member institutions, including D-SIBs, has issued guidance for the development, maintenance and
testing of comprehensive resolution plans and related strategies to demonstrate their operational capability, thus ensuring resolvability can be
achieved in an orderly fashion. CIBC’s resolution plan has been developed and maintained in alignment with guidance and is in compliance with
CDIC’s Resolution Planning By-law.
36 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Regulatory capital and total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) requirements
Our regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI, which are based upon the capital standards
developed by the BCBS.
Regulatory capital consists of CET1, Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Qualifying regulatory capital instruments must be capable of absorbing loss at
the point of non-viability of the financial institution.
The tiers of regulatory capital indicate increasing quality/permanence and the ability to absorb losses. The major components of our regulatory
capital are summarized as follows:
CET1 capital
Common equity (retained earnings, common shares and stock surplus)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI)(1)
Qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated banking subsidiary to third parties
Less regulatory deductions for items such as:
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Net assets related to defined benefit pension plans
Certain investments
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital
Non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) preferred shares
Limited recourse capital notes
Qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties
Tier 2 capital
NVCC subordinated indebtedness
Eligible general allowance
Qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties
Higher
quality
Lower
quality
T
i
e
r
1
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
T
o
t
a
l
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
(1) Excluding AOCI relating to cash flow hedges and changes to fair value option (FVO) liabilities attributable to changes in own credit risk.
OSFI requires all institutions to achieve target capital ratios which include buffers. Targets may be higher for certain institutions at OSFI’s discretion.
CIBC has been designated by OSFI as a domestic systemically important bank (D-SIB) in Canada. D-SIBs are subject to a CET1 surcharge equal
to 1.0% of RWA. In addition, OSFI expects D-SIBs to hold a Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) requirement intended to address Pillar 2 risks that are not
adequately captured in the Pillar 1 capital requirements. The DSB was 3.0% as of October 31, 2023, which was increased from 2.5% effective
February 1, 2023, but can range from 0% to 4.0% of RWA (see the “Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital and TLAC requirements” section for
additional details). Additionally, banks need to hold an incremental countercyclical capital buffer equal to their weighted-average buffer requirement in
Canada and across certain other jurisdictions where they have private sector credit exposures.
In addition, the Basel III capital standards include a non-risk-based capital metric, the leverage ratio, to supplement risk-based capital
requirements. The leverage ratio is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by the leverage ratio exposure. The leverage ratio exposure is defined under
the standards as the sum of:
(i) On-balance sheet assets less Tier 1 capital regulatory adjustments;
(ii) Derivative exposures;
(iii) Securities financing transaction exposures; and
(iv) Off-balance sheet exposures (such as commitments, direct credit substitutes, letters of credit, and securitization exposures).
Under OSFI’s TLAC guideline, D-SIBs are required to maintain a supervisory target TLAC ratio (which builds on the risk-based capital ratios) and a
minimum TLAC leverage ratio (which builds on the leverage ratio). TLAC is defined as the aggregate of total capital and other TLAC instruments
primarily comprised of bail-in eligible instruments with a residual maturity greater than 365 days. TLAC is required to ensure that a non-viable D-SIB
has sufficient loss absorbing capacity to support its recapitalization. This would, in turn, facilitate an orderly resolution of the D-SIB while minimizing
adverse impacts on the financial sector stability and taxpayers.
OSFI’s current regulatory capital and TLAC targets are summarized below. Targets may be higher for certain institutions at OSFI’s discretion.
We are in compliance with all current capital, leverage and TLAC requirements imposed by OSFI.
As at October 31, 2023
CET1 ratio
Tier 1 capital ratio
Total capital ratio
Leverage ratio (3)
TLAC ratio
TLAC leverage ratio (3)
Minimum
Capital
conservation
buffer
D-SIB
buffer
4.5 %
6.0 %
8.0 %
3.0 %
18.0 %
6.75 %
2.5 %
2.5 %
2.5 %
n/a
2.5 %
n/a
1.0 %
1.0 %
1.0 %
0.5 %
1.0 %
0.5 %
Pillar 1
targets (1)
8.0 %
9.5 %
11.5 %
3.5 %
21.5 %
7.25 %
Domestic
Stability
Buffer (2)
3.0 %
3.0 %
3.0 %
n/a
3.0 %
n/a
Target including
all buffer
requirements
11.0 %
12.5 %
14.5 %
3.5 %
24.5 %
7.25 %
(1) The countercyclical capital buffer applicable to CIBC is insignificant as at October 31, 2023.
(2) On June 20, 2023, OSFI announced an increase to the DSB from 3.0% to 3.5%, effective November 1, 2023. See the “Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital and
TLAC requirements” section for additional details.
(3) Effective February 1, 2023, D-SIBs are required to hold a buffer that is set at 50% of a D-SIB’s higher-loss absorbency risk-weighted requirements, which is 0.5% for the
leverage ratio and the TLAC leverage ratio.
n/a Not applicable.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 37
Management’s discussion and analysis
Capital adequacy requirements are applied on a consolidated basis consistent with our financial statements, except for our insurance subsidiaries
(CIBC Cayman Reinsurance Limited and CIBC Life Insurance Company Limited), which are excluded from the regulatory scope of consolidation.
The basis of consolidation applied to our financial statements is described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. CIBC Life Insurance
Company Limited is subject to OSFI’s Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test.
Risk-weighted assets
The following table provides a summary of permissible regulatory capital approaches and those adopted by CIBC:
Risk
category
Credit risk(1)
Permissible regulatory capital approaches
Approach adopted by CIBC
Basel provides three approaches for calculating credit risk
capital requirements:
Standardized approach (SA)
Foundation internal ratings-based (FIRB)
Advanced internal ratings-based (AIRB)
OSFI expects financial institutions in Canada with Total capital
in excess of $5 billion to use the internal ratings-based (IRB)
approach for all material portfolios and credit businesses.
OSFI provides two approaches for calculating counterparty
credit risk (CCR) for derivatives transactions:
Standardized approach (SA-CCR)
Internal model method (IMM)
We have adopted the IRB (FIRB and AIRB) approach for the
majority of our credit portfolios. Under this methodology, we
utilize our own internal estimates to determine probability of
default (PD), and maturity and either regulatory prescribed
(FIRB), or internal (AIRB) estimates for loss given default (LGD)
and exposure at default (EAD). We utilize the standardized
approach for CIBC FirstCaribbean, CIBC Bank USA, and
certain credit card portfolios. We periodically review portfolios
under the standardized approach for consideration of adoption
of the IRB approach.
CIBC applies the IMM approach for calculating CCR exposure
for qualifying derivative transactions. Certain transactions are
under the SA-CCR approach.
OSFI provides four approaches for calculating CCR for repo-
style transactions:
The comprehensive approach, with supervisory haircuts, is
used for credit risk mitigation for repo-style transactions.
Comprehensive approach, with supervisory haircuts
Comprehensive approach, with own estimate haircuts
Repo VaR approach
IMM
Permitted approaches for equity positions in the banking book
(which includes equity investments in funds) include:
Standardized
Market-based
Look-through
Mandate-based
Fall-back
We use the standardized approach for equity positions in the
banking book and both the look-through and mandate-based
approaches for equity investments in funds.
Basel provides the following approaches for calculating capital
requirements for securitization positions:
We use SEC-IRBA, SEC-IAA, SEC-ERBA and SEC-SA for
securitization exposures in the banking book.
Internal ratings-based approach (SEC-IRBA)
Internal assessment approach (SEC-IAA)
External ratings-based approach (SEC-ERBA)
Standardized approach (SEC-SA)
Market risk
Market risk capital requirements can be determined under the
following approaches:
Standardized approach
IMM approach
Internal models involve the use of internal VaR models to
measure market risk and determine the appropriate capital
requirement. The stressed VaR and incremental risk charge
(IRC) also form part of the internal models approach.
We predominantly use the internal models approach to
calculate market risk capital. Our internal market risk models
comprise VaR, stressed VaR, IRC and a capital charge for risk
not captured in VaR. We also use SEC-ERBA for trading book
securitization positions under the standardized approach.
Operational
risk
Operational risk capital requirements can be determined under
the following approaches:
Standardized approach
Simplified standardized approach (SSA)
We use the standardized approach based on OSFI rules to
calculate operational risk capital. The standardized approach
was revised in the second quarter of 2023 as detailed below.
(1) Includes CCR.
We also calculate a capital floor based on the standardized approaches. If our capital requirement is lower than that calculated by reference to the
standardized approaches with a floor adjustment factor applied, currently at 65%, an adjustment to our RWA would be required. See the
“Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital and TLAC requirements” section for additional details, including with respect to expected floor
adjustments over the next three years. In October 2023, we obtained approval from OSFI to apply the IRB approach for the majority of our credit
portfolios within CIBC Bank USA, which we expect to apply in the first quarter of 2024.
38 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital and TLAC requirements
The BCBS and OSFI have published a number of proposals for changes to the existing regulatory capital requirements to strengthen the regulation,
supervision, and practices of banks, with the overall objective of enhancing financial stability. The discussion below provides a summary of Basel III
reforms and revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements and BCBS and OSFI publications that have been issued since our 2022 Annual Report.
Basel III reforms and revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements
On January 31, 2022, OSFI released final capital, leverage, liquidity and disclosure guidelines that incorporate the final Basel III reforms, as well as
certain updates to the treatment of credit valuation adjustments (CVA), market risk hedges of other valuation adjustments of over-the-counter (OTC)
derivatives and management of operational risk. Primary changes include:
Revisions to both the IRB approach and standardized approach to credit risk;
Revised operational risk framework based on income and historical operational losses;
Revised market risk and CVA frameworks;
Updated CET1 capital deductions for certain assets;
An updated capital output floor based on the revised standardized approach noted above, with the phase-in of the floor adjustment factor over
three years at 65.0% commencing in the second quarter of 2023 and rising 2.5% per year to 72.5% in the first quarter of 2026;
Modification to the leverage ratio framework, including a buffer requirement for D-SIBs; and
Enhancements to the LAR Guideline, including changes to net cumulative cash flow (NCCF) requirements.
These changes were implemented in the second quarter of 2023, with the exceptions of revisions to the CVA and market risk frameworks, which will
be implemented in the first quarter of 2024. In addition, related revisions to existing Pillar 3 disclosure requirements were implemented in the second
quarter of 2023, and new Pillar 3 disclosures were implemented in the fourth quarter of 2023 for D-SIBs. The impact to the CET1 ratio from the Basel
III reforms are noted below in the “Regulatory capital, leverage and TLAC ratios” section.
On November 11, 2021, the BCBS published “Revisions to market risk disclosure requirements”, which included a number of adjustments to reflect
the revised market risk framework introduced in January 2019. OSFI requires implementation of the 2019 market risk framework in the first quarter of
2024.
On November 14, 2023, OSFI released the final amendments to the Pillar 3 Disclosure Guidelines to incorporate the market risk and CVA risk
disclosures of the Basel Framework. These amendments are applicable for D-SIBs designated by OSFI to apply the market risk framework of the
Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline and will be effective for CIBC for the fiscal year-end 2024 reporting period.
Domestic Stability Buffer
On December 8, 2022, OSFI increased the upper limit of the DSB’s range from 2.5% to 4.0% of total RWA in response to existing market conditions
and elevated economic uncertainties. The DSB was 3.0% as of July 31, 2023, which was increased from 2.5% effective February 1, 2023. On
June 20, 2023, OSFI further announced an increase to the DSB from 3.0% to 3.5%, effective November 1, 2023. As a result, OSFI’s target capital
ratios, including all buffers, for CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital will increase to 11.5%, 13.0% and 15.0% respectively, effective November 1, 2023.
Parental Stand-Alone (Solo) TLAC Framework
On September 12, 2023, OSFI published final guideline for the Solo TLAC Framework for D-SIBs with an implementation date of November 1, 2023.
The Solo TLAC ratio is built on the risk-based TLAC ratio set out in the TLAC Guideline and the risk-based capital ratios described in the CAR
Guideline. The risk-based Solo TLAC ratio will be the primary basis used by OSFI to measure the sufficiency of loss capacity that is readily available
to the parent bank on a stand-alone, legal entity basis.
We continue to monitor and prepare for developments impacting regulatory capital and TLAC requirements and disclosures.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 39
Management’s discussion and analysis
Regulatory capital, leverage and TLAC ratios(1)
The components of our regulatory capital and ratios under Basel III are presented in the table below:
$ millions, as at October 31
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital: instruments and reserves
Directly issued qualifying common share capital plus related stock surplus
Retained earnings
AOCI (and other reserves)
Common share capital issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties (amount allowed in group CET1)
CET1 capital before regulatory adjustments
CET1 capital: regulatory adjustments
Prudential valuation adjustments
Goodwill (net of related tax liabilities)
Other intangibles other than mortgage-servicing rights (net of related tax liabilities)
Deferred tax assets excluding those arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liabilities)
Defined benefit pension fund net assets (net of related tax liabilities)
Other deductions or regulatory adjustments to CET1 as determined by OSFI (1)
Other
Total regulatory adjustments to CET1 capital
CET1 capital
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital: instruments
Directly issued qualifying AT1 instruments plus related stock surplus
AT1 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties (amount allowed in AT1)
(2)
AT1 capital
Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET1 + AT1)
Tier 2 capital: instruments and provisions
Directly issued qualifying Tier 2 instruments plus related stock surplus (3)
Tier 2 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties (amount allowed in Tier 2)
General allowances
Tier 2 capital (T2)
Total capital (TC = T1 + T2)
RWA consisting of:
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Total RWA
Capital ratios
CET1 ratio
Tier 1 capital ratio
Total capital ratio
Leverage ratios
Leverage ratio exposure
(4)
Leverage ratio (4)
TLAC ratio and TLAC leverage ratio
TLAC available
TLAC ratio
TLAC leverage ratio (4)
$
$
$
2023
16,191
30,402
1,463
102
48,158
5
5,344
2,384
9
793
–
(704)
7,831
40,327
4,925
18
4,943
45,270
5,888
23
938
6,849
52,119
274,714
8,004
43,402
$
326,120
$
2022
14,841
28,823
1,594
107
45,365
23
5,268
2,289
15
1,071
(170)
(136)
8,360
37,005
4,923
18
4,941
41,946
5,716
25
576
6,317
$
48,263
$ 273,076
9,230
33,328
$ 315,634
12.4 %
13.9 %
16.0 %
11.7 %
13.3 %
15.3 %
$ 1,079,103
$ 961,791
4.2 %
4.4 %
$
100,176
$
95,136
30.7 %
9.3 %
30.1 %
9.9 %
(1) The 2022 results included the impact of the ECL transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020, which resulted in a portion of ECL allowances that would
otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital subject to certain scalars and limitations. The transitional arrangement was no longer
applicable beginning in the first quarter of 2023. The 2023 results reflect the impacts from the implementation of Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1,
2023 (see the “Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital and TLAC requirements” section for additional details).
(2) Comprised of non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) preferred shares and Limited Recourse Capital Notes (LRCN).
(3) Comprised of certain debentures which qualify as NVCC.
(4) The temporary exclusion of Central bank reserves from the leverage ratio exposure measure in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was no longer applicable
beginning in the second quarter of 2023.
CET1 ratio
The CET1 ratio at October 31, 2023 increased 0.7% from October 31, 2022, driven by the impact of an increase in CET1 capital, partially offset by
an increase in RWA.
The increase in CET1 capital was mainly due to internal capital generation (net income less dividends and distributions) and an increase in
common shares primarily related to our shareholder investment plan.
The increase in RWA was due to an increase in operational risk and credit risk RWA, partially offset by a decrease in market risk RWA. The
increase in operational risk RWA was mainly from the treatment of legal provisions under the revised operational risk framework pursuant to the
Basel III reforms implemented in the second quarter of 2023. There was a net increase in credit risk RWA from an increase in asset size, the net
impact of foreign currency translation, model updates and portfolio migration. This was partially offset by the implementation of the Basel III reforms,
and the benefit of a risk transfer transaction. The decrease in market risk RWA was largely the result of a decrease in risk levels and model updates.
For additional information, see the “Components of risk-weighted assets” section.
Tier 1 capital ratio
The Tier 1 capital ratio at October 31, 2023 increased 0.6% from October 31, 2022, primarily due to the factors affecting the CET1 ratio noted above.
Total capital ratio
The Total capital ratio at October 31, 2023 increased 0.7% from October 31, 2022, primarily due to the factors affecting the Tier 1 capital ratio noted
above and a net increase in NVCC subordinated debentures and eligible allowances included in Tier 2 capital. See the “Capital initiatives” section
below for further details.
40 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Leverage ratio
The leverage ratio at October 31, 2023, decreased 0.2% from October 31, 2022, as the impact of an increase in Tier 1 capital was more than offset
by the impact of an increase in leverage ratio exposure. The increase in leverage ratio exposure was primarily driven by the discontinuation of the
temporary exclusion of Central bank reserves from the on-balance sheet exposure measure.
TLAC ratio and TLAC leverage ratio
The TLAC ratio at October 31, 2023 increased 0.6% from October 31, 2022, driven by an increase in TLAC, partially offset by an increase in RWA.
The increase in TLAC was primarily a result of higher total capital due to the factors noted above and issuances of bail-in eligible liabilities.
The TLAC leverage ratio at October 31, 2023 decreased 0.6% from October 31, 2022, primarily due to the factors affecting the leverage ratio
exposure as noted above, partially offset by an increase in TLAC.
Movement in total regulatory capital
Changes in regulatory capital under Basel III are presented in the table below:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
CET1 capital
Balance at beginning of year
Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends (add back)
Other issue of common shares
Purchase of common shares for cancellation
Premium on purchase of common shares for cancellation
Net income attributable to equity shareholders
Dividends and distributions
Change in AOCI balances
Currency translation differences
Securities measured at FVOCI
Cash flow hedges (1)
Fair value change of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk
Post-employment defined benefit plans
Removal of own credit spread (net of tax)
Shortfall of allowance to expected losses
Goodwill and other intangible assets (deduction, net of related tax liabilities)
Other, including regulatory adjustments and transitional arrangements (1)(2)
CET1 capital balance at end of year
AT1 capital
Balance at beginning of year
AT1 eligible capital issues
Impact of the cap on inclusion for instruments subject to phase out (3)
Redeemed capital
Other, including regulatory adjustments
AT1 capital balance at end of year
Tier 2 capital
Balance at beginning of year
New Tier 2 eligible capital issues
Redeemed capital
Impact of the cap on inclusion for instruments subject to phase out
Other, including change in regulatory adjustments (2)
Tier 2 capital balance at end of year
Total capital balance at end of year
2023
2022
$ 37,005
1,155
203
–
–
4,995
(3,416)
$ 33,751
153
248
(29)
(105)
6,220
(3,125)
351
228
(364)
(106)
(240)
197
–
(171)
490
1,753
(889)
(799)
262
198
(468)
–
(943)
778
$ 40,327
$ 37,005
$
4,941
–
–
–
2
$
4,593
1,400
(251)
(800)
(1)
$
4,943
$
4,941
$
6,317
1,750
(1,500)
–
282
$
5,858
1,000
–
(451)
(90)
$
6,849
$
6,317
$ 52,119
$ 48,263
(1) Net change in cash flow hedges is included in “Change in AOCI balances” then derecognized in “Other, including regulatory adjustments and transitional arrangements”.
(2) The 2022 results included the impact of the ECL transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020, which results in a portion of ECL allowances that would
otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital subject to certain scalars and limitations. The transitional arrangement was no longer applicable,
beginning in the first quarter of 2023. The 2023 results reflect the impacts from the implementation of Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1, 2023 (see the
“Continuous enhancement to regulatory capital and TLAC requirements” section for additional details).
(3) On November 1, 2021, CIBC Capital Trust, a trust wholly owned by CIBC, redeemed all $300 million of its Tier 1 Notes – Series B, of which $251 million was recognized as
AT1 capital as at October 31, 2021.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 41
Management’s discussion and analysis
Components of risk-weighted assets
The components of our RWA and corresponding minimum total capital requirements are presented in the table below:
$ millions, as at October 31
Credit risk (3)
Standardized approach
Corporate
Sovereign
Banks
Real estate secured personal lending
Commercial real estate
Other retail
Trading book
Equity
Securitization (5)
CCP
CVA
Other credit RWA
(4)
AIRB approach
(6)
Corporate
Sovereign (7)
Banks
Real estate secured personal lending
Commercial real estate
Qualifying revolving retail
Other retail
Trading book
Securitization
(5)
(4)
FIRB approach (6)
Corporate
Sovereign (7)
Banks
Real estate secured personal lending
Commercial real estate
Other retail
Trading book
Total credit risk
Market risk (Internal Models and IRB Approach)
VaR
Stressed VaR
Incremental risk charge
Securitization and other
Total market risk
Operational risk
Total RWA
2023
Minimum
total capital
required
(2)
RWA (1)
$
43,124
2,140
219
1,951
14,159
3,864
3,168
140
2,916
558
5,949
13,312
91,500
49,732
5,579
–
34,323
21,585
16,661
11,739
686
3,728
$
3,450
171
18
156
1,133
309
253
11
233
45
476
1,065
7,320
3,979
446
–
2,746
1,727
1,333
939
55
299
144,033
11,524
31,627
–
3,270
–
155
–
4,129
39,181
2,530
–
262
–
12
–
330
3,134
274,714
21,978
1,538
4,829
1,274
363
8,004
123
386
102
29
640
43,402
3,472
$ 326,120
$ 26,090
(1) Effective in the first quarter of 2023, RWAs have been calculated in accordance with the Basel III reforms.
(2) Refers to the minimum standard established by the BCBS before the application of the capital conservation buffer and any other capital buffers that may be established by
regulators from time to time. It is calculated by multiplying RWA by 8%.
(3) Credit risk includes CCR, which comprises derivative and repo-style transactions. Credit risk for CIBC Bank USA and CIBC FirstCaribbean are calculated under the
standardized approach.
(4) Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, includes a change in methodology that resulted in certain exposures previously subject to AIRB, now being included under the
standardized securitization approach.
(5) Includes securitization exposures that are risk-weighted at 1250%.
(6) Includes RWA relating to certain commercial loans which are determined using the supervisory slotting approach.
(7) Includes residential mortgages insured by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), an agency of the Government of Canada, and government-guaranteed
student loans.
42 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
$ millions, as at October 31
Credit risk
(3)
Standardized approach
Corporate
Sovereign
Banks
Real estate secured personal lending
Other retail
Trading book
Equity
Securitization
AIRB approach (4)
Corporate
Sovereign (5)
Banks
Real estate secured personal lending
Qualifying revolving retail
Other retail
Equity
Trading book
Securitization
Adjustment for scaling factor
Other credit RWA (6)
Total credit risk (before adjustment for CVA phase-in)
Market risk (Internal Models and IRB Approach)
VaR
Stressed VaR
Incremental risk charge
Securitization and other
Total market risk
Operational risk
Total RWA before adjustments for CVA phase-in
CVA capital charge
Total RWA
Total RWA after adjustments for CVA phase-in
Total RWA
2022
Minimum
total capital
RWA
(1)
required (2)
$
56,160
1,446
446
2,467
3,824
101
810
557
65,811
108,472
3,478
3,663
27,396
14,591
11,358
686
5,354
1,810
10,500
187,308
13,261
266,380
921
4,002
1,426
2,881
9,230
33,328
$
4,493
116
36
197
306
8
65
44
5,265
8,678
278
293
2,192
1,167
909
55
428
145
840
14,985
1,061
21,311
74
320
114
230
738
2,666
$ 308,938
$ 24,715
$
6,696
$
536
$ 315,634
$ 25,251
(1) Amounts are inclusive of a 6% scaling factor adjustment that applies to IRB exposures, except for exposures related to asset securitization.
(2) Refers to the minimum standard established by the BCBS before the application of the capital conservation buffer and any other capital buffers that may be established by
regulators from time to time. It is calculated by multiplying RWA by 8%.
(3) Credit risk includes CCR, which comprises derivative and repo-style transactions. Credit risk for CIBC Bank USA and CIBC FirstCaribbean are calculated under the
standardized approach.
(4) Includes RWA relating to equity investments in funds and certain commercial loans which are determined using the supervisory slotting approach.
(5) Includes residential mortgages insured by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), an agency of the Government of Canada, and government-guaranteed
student loans.
(6) Comprises RWA relating to derivative and repo-style transactions cleared through qualified central counterparties (QCCPs), settlement risk, and other assets that are
subject to the credit risk framework but are not included in the standardized or IRB frameworks, including other balance sheet assets that are risk-weighted at 100%,
significant investments in the capital of non-financial institutions that are risk-weighted at 1,250%, and amounts below the thresholds for deduction that are risk-weighted
at 250%.
Share split
In February 2022, CIBC’s Board of Directors approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares to
be effected through an amendment to CIBC’s by-laws. On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved the Share Split. Each shareholder of record at
the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the
Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively
applied to the beginning of 2022.
Capital initiatives
The following were the main capital initiatives undertaken since our 2022 Annual Report:
Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)
Our normal course issuer bid expired on December 12, 2022. Under this bid, we purchased and cancelled 1,800,000 common shares at an
average price of $74.43 for a total amount of $134 million during the first quarter of 2022.
Employee share purchase plan
Pursuant to the employee share purchase plan, we issued 3,081,055 common shares (on a post share split basis) for consideration of $176 million
for the year ended October 31, 2023.
Shareholder investment plan
Pursuant to the shareholder investment plan, we issued 21,455,322 common shares (on a post share split basis) for consideration of $1,155 million
for the year ended October 31, 2023.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 43
Management’s discussion and analysis
Dividends
Our quarterly common share dividend was increased from $0.85 per share to $0.87 per share for the quarter ending July 31, 2023.
On November 29, 2023, the CIBC Board of Directors approved an increase in our quarterly common share dividend from $0.87 per share to
$0.90 per share for the quarter ending January 31, 2024.
Common and preferred share dividends are declared quarterly at the discretion of the Board. The declaration and payment of dividends is
governed by Section 79 of the Bank Act (Canada), the terms of the preferred shares, as explained in Note 15 to the consolidated financial
statements.
Subordinated indebtedness
On January 20, 2023, we issued $1.0 billion principal amount of 5.33% Debentures due January 20, 2033. The Debentures bear interest at a fixed
rate of 5.33% per annum (paid semi-annually) until January 20, 2028, and at Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA)
plus 2.37% per annum (paid quarterly) thereafter until maturity on January 20, 2033. These debentures qualify as Tier 2 capital.
On April 4, 2023, we redeemed $1.5 billion principal amount of 3.45% Debentures due April 4, 2028. In accordance with their terms, the Debentures
were redeemed at 100% of their principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon.
On April 20, 2023, we issued $750 million principal amount of 5.35% Debentures due April 20, 2033. The Debentures bear interest at a fixed rate of
5.35% per annum (paid semi-annually) until April 20, 2028, and at Daily Compounded CORRA plus 2.23% per annum (paid quarterly) thereafter until
maturity on April 20, 2033. These debentures qualify as Tier 2 capital.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 47 (NVCC)
Holders of the Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 47 (NVCC) (Series 47 shares) had the option to convert their shares into
Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A Preferred Shares Series 48 (NVCC) (Series 48 shares) on a one-for-one basis on January 31, 2023. As the
conditions for conversion were not met, no Series 48 shares were issued, and all of the Series 47 shares remain outstanding. The dividend on the
Series 47 shares was reset to 5.878%, payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing
January 31, 2023.
See the “Outstanding share data” section below and Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
Outstanding share data
The table below provides a summary of our outstanding shares, NVCC capital instruments, and the maximum number of common shares issuable
on conversion/exercise:
$ millions, except number of shares and per share amounts, as at November 24, 2023
Number
of shares
Amount
common share (1)
Shares outstanding
Minimum
conversion
price per
Common shares
Treasury shares – common shares
931,244,289
(51,692)
$ 16,089
(3)
(2)
(3)
Preferred shares
Series 39 (NVCC)
Series 41 (NVCC)
Series 43 (NVCC)
Series 47 (NVCC)
Series 49 (NVCC)
Series 51 (NVCC)
Series 56 (NVCC)
Treasury shares – preferred shares
(2)
(3)
Limited recourse capital notes (4)
4.375% Limited recourse capital notes Series 1 (NVCC)
4.000% Limited recourse capital notes Series 2 (NVCC)
7.150% Limited recourse capital notes Series 3 (NVCC)
(3)
(3)
(5)
Subordinated indebtedness
2.95% Debentures due June 19, 2029 (NVCC)
2.01% Debentures due July 21, 2030 (NVCC)
1.96% Debentures due April 21, 2031 (NVCC)
4.20% Debentures due April 7, 2032 (NVCC)
5.33% Debentures due January 20, 2033 (NVCC)
5.35% Debentures due April 20, 2033 (NVCC)
Stock options outstanding
$
16,000,000
12,000,000
12,000,000
18,000,000
13,000,000
10,000,000
600,000
(18)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
400
300
300
450
325
250
600
–
750
750
800
1,500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
750
$ 2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
Maximum number
of common shares
issuable on
conversion/exercise
160,000,000
120,000,000
120,000,000
180,000,000
130,000,000
100,000,000
240,000,000
300,000,000
300,000,000
320,000,000
900,000,000
600,000,000
600,000,000
600,000,000
600,000,000
450,000,000
14,657,255
(1) The minimum conversion price per common share for CIBC’s outstanding NVCC instruments, including NVCC preferred shares, NVCC subordinated debentures and
NVCC LRCN have been adjusted from $5.00 to $2.50 to account for the Share Split in accordance with the terms and conditions of the NVCC instruments.
(2) Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each share is convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing the par value of $25.00 ($1,000 in the case of
Series 56 shares) plus declared and unpaid dividends by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price
per share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement, including a share split). Preferred shareholders do not have the right
to convert their shares into common shares.
(3) The maximum number of common shares issuable on conversion excludes the impact of declared but unpaid dividends and accrued interest.
(4) Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, the Series 53, 54 and 55 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust in support of the LRCN are convertible into a number
of common shares, determined by dividing the par value of $1,000 by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a
minimum price per common share (subject to adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement, including a share split).
(5) Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, the Debentures are convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing 150% of the par value plus accrued and
unpaid interest by the average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price per common share (subject to
adjustment in certain events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement, including a share split).
n/a Not applicable.
The occurrence of a “Trigger Event” would result in conversion of all of the outstanding NVCC instruments described above, which would represent a
dilution impact of 86% based on the number of CIBC common shares outstanding as at October 31, 2023. As described in the CAR Guideline, a Trigger
Event occurs when OSFI determines the bank is or is about to become non-viable and, if after conversion of all contingent instruments and consideration
of any other relevant factors or circumstances, it is reasonably likely that its viability will be restored or maintained; or if the bank has accepted or agreed
44 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government, without which OSFI would have determined the bank to be
non-viable.
In addition to the potential dilution impacts related to the NVCC instruments discussed above, as at October 31, 2023, $60.8 billion (2022: $55.1 billion)
of our outstanding liabilities were subject to conversion to common shares under the bail-in regime. Under the bail-in regime, there is no fixed and
pre-determined contractual conversion ratio for the conversion of the specified eligible shares and liabilities of CIBC that are subject to a bail-in
conversion into common shares, nor are there specific requirements regarding whether liabilities subject to a bail-in conversion are converted into
common shares of CIBC or any of its affiliates. CDIC determines the timing of the bail-in conversion, the portion of the specified eligible shares and
liabilities to be converted and the terms and conditions of the conversion, subject to parameters set out in the bail-in regime. See the “Regulatory capital
and total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) requirements” section for further details.
Preferred share and other equity instruments rights and privileges
See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for details on our preferred share and other equity instruments rights and privileges.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
We enter into off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of our business. We consolidate all of our sponsored trusts that securitize our
own assets.
Non-consolidated structured entities (SEs)
We manage and administer a single-seller conduit and several CIBC-sponsored multi-seller conduits in Canada and the U.S. The multi-seller
conduits acquire direct or indirect ownership or security interests in pools of financial assets from our clients and finance the acquisitions by issuing
asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) to investors. The single-seller conduit acquires financial assets and finances these acquisitions through a
credit facility provided by a syndicate of financial institutions. The sellers to the conduits may continue to service the assets and may be exposed to
credit losses realized on these assets, typically through the provision of over-collateralization or another form of credit enhancement. The conduits
may obtain credit enhancement from third-party providers.
We provide the multi-seller conduits with commercial paper backstop liquidity facilities. We may also provide securities distribution to multi-seller
conduits and to both the single and multi-seller conduits accounting, cash management, and operations services. The liquidity facilities for the
managed and administered multi-seller conduits require us to provide funding, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions with respect to the
conduits, for ABCP not placed with external investors. We may also purchase ABCP issued by the multi-seller conduits for market-making and for
voluntary risk retention purposes.
We are required to maintain certain short-term and/or long-term debt ratings with respect to the liquidity facilities that we provide to the
sponsored multi-seller conduits in Canada. If we are downgraded below the level specified under the terms of those facilities, we must provide
alternative satisfactory liquidity arrangements, such as procuring an alternative liquidity provider that meets the minimum rating requirements.
We may also act as the counterparty to derivative contracts entered into by a multi-seller conduit in order to convert the yield of the underlying
assets to match the needs of the multi-seller conduit’s investors or to mitigate the interest rate, basis, and currency risk within the conduit.
We earn fees for providing services related to the non-consolidated single-seller and multi-seller conduits, such as backstop liquidity facilities,
distribution, transaction structuring, and conduit administration. These fees totalled $86 million in 2023 (2022: $70 million). All fees earned in respect
of activities with the conduits are on a market basis.
As at October 31, 2023, the amount of ABCP issued to fund the various asset types in the multi-seller conduits was $13.3 billion (2022:
$9.3 billion). The estimated weighted-average life of these assets was 1.6 years (2022: 1.8 years). Our holdings of commercial paper issued by the
non-consolidated sponsored multi-seller conduits that offer commercial paper to external investors were $414 million (2022: $642 million). Our
committed backstop liquidity facilities to these conduits were $17.8 billion (2022: $11.7 billion). We also provided credit facilities of $50 million
(2022: $50 million) to these conduits.
We participated in a syndicated facility of $700 million to the single-seller conduit that provides funding to franchisees of a major Canadian
retailer, which will mature in April 2025. Our portion of the commitment was $130 million (2022: $130 million), of which $91 million (2022: $98 million)
was funded as at October 31, 2023.
We engage one or more of the four major rating agencies, DBRS Limited (DBRS), Fitch Ratings Inc. (Fitch), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
(Moody’s), and S&P, to opine on the credit ratings of ABCP issued by our sponsored multi-seller conduits. In the event that ratings differ between
rating agencies in respect of any direct investments we have in the ABCP or transactions funded in the ABCP conduits, we use the lower rating.
We also have investments in and provide loans, liquidity and credit facilities to certain other third-party and CIBC-managed SEs. The
on-balance sheet exposure related to these SEs is included in the consolidated financial statements.
We provide interim and term senior financing to third-party SEs for the purpose of purchasing loans during the warehousing phase for future
securitization. As senior lenders we are repaid by proceeds from the issuance of debt securities to external investors when the securitization closes
or by the cash flows from the repayment of the underlying assets held by the SE or alternative financing obtained by the SE from third-party lenders.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 45
Management’s discussion and analysis
We purchase credit protection from a capital vehicle on certain referenced loan assets, which issues guarantee-linked notes held only by
third-party investors. We do not consolidate the capital vehicle and the underlying loan assets remain on the consolidated balance sheet.
Our on- and off-balance sheet amounts related to the SEs that are not consolidated are set out in the table below. For additional details on our
SEs, see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
$ millions, as at October 31
Cash,
Investments
Liquidity, credit
facilities and
commitments
and loans (1)
2023
2022
Written credit
derivatives (2)
Investments
and loans
(1)
Liquidity, credit
facilities and
commitments
Written credit
derivatives (2)
Single-seller and multi-seller conduits
Third-party structured vehicles
Loan warehouse financing
Other
$
505
4,351
6,858
1,127
$ 13,131 (3)
$
2,039
5,500
150
–
–
–
76
$
740
5,005
8,898
601
$ 8,682 (3)
2,638
2,700
308
$
–
–
–
80
(1) Excludes securities issued by, retained interest in, and derivatives with entities established by CMHC, Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation, Government National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Bank, and Student Loan Marketing Association.
$3 million (2022: $3 million) of the exposures related to structured vehicles run-off were hedged.
(2) Disclosed amounts reflect the outstanding notional of written credit derivatives. The negative fair value recorded on the consolidated balance sheet was $51 million
(2022: $45 million). Notional of $71 million (2022: $75 million) was hedged with credit derivatives protection from third parties. The fair value of these hedges net of CVA
was $46 million (2022: $40 million). An additional notional of $5 million (2022: $5 million) was hedged through a limited recourse note.
(3) Excludes an additional $4.3 billion (2022: $2.4 billion) relating to our backstop liquidity facilities provided to the multi-seller conduits as part of their commitment to fund
purchases of additional assets. Also excludes $414 million (2022: $642 million) of our direct investments in the multi-seller conduits which we consider investment
exposure.
Other financial transactions
We are the sponsor of several mutual and pooled funds, in the form of trusts. We are the administrator of these funds. In addition, we may act in
other capacities, including custodian, trustee and broker. We earn fees at market rates from these trusts. We do not guarantee either principal or
returns to investors in these funds. We act as a trustee of a number of personal trusts and have a fiduciary responsibility to act in the best interests
of the beneficiaries of the trusts. We earn a fee for acting as a trustee. We also participate in transactions to modify the cash flows of trusts managed
by third-party asset managers to create investments with specific risk profiles, or to assist clients in the efficient management of other risks.
Typically, these involve the use of derivative products, which transfer the risks and returns to or from a trust.
Derivatives
We participate in derivatives transactions, as a market maker facilitating the needs of our clients or as a principal to manage the risks associated
with our funding, investing and trading strategies. All derivatives are recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. See Notes 12 and 23
to the consolidated financial statements for details on derivative contracts and the risks associated with them.
Credit-related arrangements
Credit-related arrangements are generally off-balance sheet instruments and are typically entered into to meet the financing needs of clients. In
addition, there are certain exposures for which we could be obligated to extend credit that are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. For
additional details of these arrangements, see the “Liquidity risk” section and Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements.
Guarantees
A guarantee is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor
failed to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Guarantees include credit derivatives
protection sold and standby and performance letters of credit, as discussed in Notes 12 and 21 to the consolidated financial statements,
respectively.
46 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Management of risk
We have provided certain disclosures required under IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments – Disclosures” (IFRS 7) related to the nature and extent of risks
arising from financial instruments in the MD&A, as permitted by that IFRS standard. These disclosures are included in the “Risk overview”, “Credit
risk”, “Market risk”, “Liquidity risk”, “Operational risk”, “Reputation and legal risks”, “Conduct risk”, and “Regulatory compliance risk” sections.
47 Risk overview
48 Risk governance structure
49 Risk management structure
50 Risk management process
50 Risk appetite statement
51 Risk input into performance and
compensation
52 Risk policies and limits
53 Risk identification and measurement
54
54 Risk treatment and mitigation
54 Risk monitoring and reporting
Stress testing
55
Top and emerging risks
58 Risks arising from business activities
59 Credit risk
59 Governance and management
59
Policies
Process and control
Exposure to credit risk
60
60 Risk measurement
63
65 Credit quality of portfolios
68 Credit quality performance
69
Loans contractually past due
but not impaired
Exposure to certain countries
and regions
69
69 U.S. office real estate exposure
69
70
Settlement risk
Securitization activities
Policies
71 Market risk
71 Governance and management
71
71 Market risk limits
Process and control
71
71 Risk measurement
72
Trading activities
75 Non-trading activities
76
Pension risk
Policies
Liquidity risk
77
77 Governance and management
77
77 Risk measurement
Liquid assets
78
Funding
81
82 Contractual obligations
Strategic risk
Environmental and social risk
83 Other risks
83
83 Operational risk
85
86 Regulatory compliance risk
87
87 Reputation and legal risks
87 Conduct risk
Insurance risk
Risk overview
CIBC faces a wide variety of risks across all of its areas of business. Identifying and understanding risks and their impact allows CIBC to frame its
risk appetite and risk management practices. Defining acceptable levels of risk, and establishing sound principles, policies and practices for
managing risks, is fundamental to achieving consistent and sustainable long-term performance, while remaining within our risk appetite.
Our risk appetite defines tolerance levels for various risks. This is the foundation for our risk management culture and our risk management
framework.
Our risk management framework includes:
CIBC, SBU, functional group-level and regional risk appetite statements;
Risk frameworks, policies, procedures and limits to align activities with our risk appetite;
Regular risk reports to identify and communicate risk levels;
An independent control framework to identify and test the design and operating effectiveness of our key controls;
Stress testing to consider the potential impact of changes in the business environment on capital, liquidity and earnings;
Proactive consideration of risk mitigation options in order to optimize results; and
Oversight through our risk-focused committees and governance structure.
Managing risk is a shared responsibility at CIBC. Business units and risk management professionals work in collaboration to ensure that
business strategies and activities are consistent with our risk appetite. CIBC’s approach to enterprise-wide risk management aligns with the
three lines of defence model:
(i) As the first line of defence, CIBC’s Management, in SBUs and functional groups own the risks and are accountable and responsible for
identifying and assessing risks inherent in its activities in accordance with the CIBC risk appetite. In addition, Management establishes and
maintains controls to mitigate such risks. Management may include governance groups within the business to facilitate the Control
Framework and other risk-related processes. A Governance Group refers to a group within Business Unit Management (first line of defence)
whose focus is to manage governance, risk and control activities on behalf of that Business Unit Management. A Governance Group is
considered first line of defence, in conjunction with Business Unit Management. Control Groups are groups with enterprise-wide
accountability for specific risk types and are also considered first line of defence. They provide subject matter expertise to Management
and/or implement/maintain enterprise-wide control programs and activities for their domain area (for example Information Security). While
Control Groups collaborate with Management in identifying and managing risk, they also challenge risk decisions and risk mitigation
strategies.
(ii) The second line of defence is independent from the first line of defence and provides an enterprise-wide view of specific risk types,
guidance and effective challenge to risk and control activities. Risk Management is the primary second line of defence. Risk Management
may leverage subject matter expertise of other groups (e.g., third parties or Control Groups) to inform their independent assessments, as
appropriate.
(iii) As the third line of defence, CIBC’s Internal Audit is responsible for providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit
Committee of the Board on the effectiveness of CIBC’s governance practices, risk management processes, and Internal Control as a part of
its risk-based audit plan and in accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
A strong risk culture and communication between the three lines of defence are important characteristics of effective risk management.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 47
Management’s discussion and analysis
We continuously monitor our risk profile against our defined risk appetite and related limits, taking action as needed to maintain an appropriate
balance of risk and return. Monitoring our risk profile includes forward-looking analysis of sensitivity to local and global market factors, economic
conditions, and geopolitical and regulatory environments that influence our overall risk profile.
Regular and transparent risk reporting and discussion at senior management committees facilitates communication of risks and discussion of
risk management strategies across the organization.
Risk governance structure
Our risk governance structure is illustrated below:
Risk Governance Structure
Board of Directors
h t
e r sig
v
o
n
ala tio
s c
e
Audit
Committee
Risk
Management
Committee
Management
Resources and
Compensation
Committee
Corporate
Governance
Committee
c
ulture
Executive Committee
fra
m
e
w
ork
Global Asset Liability
Committee
Global Risk
Committee
Board of Directors (the Board): The Board oversees the enterprise-wide risk management program through approval of our risk appetite,
Control Framework and supporting risk management policies and limits. The Board accomplishes its mandate through its Audit, Risk
Management, Management Resources and Compensation, and Corporate Governance committees, described below.
Audit Committee (AC): The Audit Committee reviews the overall design and operating effectiveness of internal controls and the control
environment, including internal controls over financial reporting. The Audit Committee also has oversight of the underlying processes and
controls of the ESG disclosures in our Annual Report, Sustainability Report, and other material ESG disclosure documents.
Risk Management Committee (RMC): This committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities for defining CIBC’s risk appetite and
overseeing CIBC’s risk profile and performance against the defined risk appetite. This includes oversight of key frameworks, policies and risk
limits related to the identification, measurement and monitoring of CIBC’s principal business risks.
Management Resources and Compensation Committee (MRCC): This committee is responsible for assisting the Board in its global oversight
of CIBC’s human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBC’s strategy, risk appetite and controls.
Corporate Governance Committee (CGC): This committee is responsible for assisting the Board in fulfilling its corporate governance oversight
responsibilities and oversight of the ESG strategy.
Executive Committee (ExCo): The ExCo, led by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and including selected executives reporting directly to the
CEO, is responsible for setting business strategy and for monitoring, evaluating and managing risks across CIBC. The ExCo is supported by the
following management governance committees:
Global Asset Liability Committee (GALCO): This committee, which comprises members from the ExCo and senior Treasury, Risk
Management and lines of business executives, provides oversight regarding capital management, funding and liquidity management, and
asset/liability management (ALM). It also provides strategic direction regarding structural interest rate risk (SIRR) and structural foreign
exchange risk postures, approval of funds transfer pricing policies/parameters and approval of wholesale funding plans.
Global Risk Committee (GRC): This committee, which comprises selected members of the ExCo and senior leaders from the lines of
business, Risk Management and other functional groups, provides a forum for discussion and oversight of risk appetite, risk profile and risk
mitigation strategies. Key activities include reviewing and providing input regarding CIBC’s risk appetite statements; monitoring risk profile
against risk appetite; reviewing and evaluating business activities in the context of risk appetite; and identifying, reviewing, and advising on
current and emerging risk issues and associated mitigation plans.
48 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Risk management structure
The Risk Management group, led by our Chief Risk Officer (CRO), is responsible for setting risk strategies and for providing independent oversight
of the businesses. Risk Management works to identify, assess, mitigate, monitor and control risks associated with business activities and strategies,
and is responsible for providing an effective challenge to the lines of business.
The current structure is illustrated below:
Risk Management Structure
Chief Risk Officer
Capital
Markets Risk
Management
Global Credit
Risk
Management
Global
Operational and
Enterprise Risk
Management
Risk
Analytics
and Credit
Decisioning
Compliance
and Global
Regulatory
Affairs
Enterprise
Anti-Money
Laundering
Europe and
Asia-Pacific
Risk
Management
U.S. Risk
Management
Risk Appetite Statement and Management Control Metrics
Risk Policies and Limits
Risk Identification, Measurement, Monitoring and Reporting
Effective Challenge as Second Line of Defence
Stress Testing
Risk Treatment and Mitigation
Developing our risk appetite and associated management control metrics;
Setting risk strategy to manage risks in alignment with our risk appetite and business strategy;
Establishing and communicating risk frameworks, policies, procedures and limits to mitigate risks in alignment with risk strategy;
The Risk Management group performs several important activities including:
Measuring, monitoring and reporting on risk levels;
Identifying and assessing emerging and potential strategic risks;
Reviewing transactions that fall outside of risk limits delegated to business lines; and
Ensuring compliance with applicable regulatory and anti-money laundering (AML) requirements.
The following key groups within Risk Management, independent of the originating businesses, contribute to our management of risk:
Capital Markets Risk Management – This group provides independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of market risks
(both trading and non-trading), and trading credit risk (also called counterparty credit risk) across CIBC’s portfolios, and effective challenge
and sound risk management oversight to Treasury, including with respect to liquidity and funding risk management and SIRR management.
Global Credit Risk Management – This group is responsible for the adjudication and oversight of credit risks associated with CIBC’s
commercial, corporate, small business and wealth management activities, management of the risks in our investment portfolios, as well as
management of special loan portfolios.
Global Operational and Enterprise Risk Management – This group is responsible for designing and implementing effective operational risk
management and control programs, and providing effective challenge to and monitoring of all operational risks globally, including (but not
limited to) technology risk, information security (including cyber) risk, fraud risk, model risk, and third-party risk. From an enterprise-wide risk
perspective, the group is responsible for enterprise-wide analysis, including the measuring and monitoring of risk appetite, enterprise-wide
stress testing and reporting, credit loss reporting, risk models and model quantification, environmental risk (including transaction-specific
environmental and related social risk, and the physical and transition risks associated with climate change), economic and regulatory capital
methodologies, as well as risk data management. The team also has global accountability for corporate risk insurance programs, reputation
risks, and risk policy and governance.
Risk Analytics and Credit Decisioning – This group manages credit risk in personal and business products (such as residential mortgages,
credit cards, personal loans/lines of credit and indirect auto lending) offered through various distribution channels and performs analytics to
optimize retail credit performance, along with collections and AML outcomes.
Compliance and Global Regulatory Affairs – This group is responsible for designing and implementing an effective enterprise-wide framework to
manage and mitigate regulatory compliance risk. In addition, it provides oversight of conduct and culture risk, including sales practice risk, and
performs effective challenge of compensation plan changes and manages CIBC’s privacy-related risks. This group also builds and maintains
credible relationships with our prudential, market, conduct and securities regulators and acts as a liaison between the regulators and CIBC.
Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering – This group is responsible for all aspects of compliance with and oversight of requirements relating to AML,
anti-terrorist financing (ATF), and sanctions measures. Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering provides advice to all businesses and functional
groups globally and is responsible for providing an enterprise-wide view of money laundering, terrorist financing and sanctions risks, as well
as guidance and effective independent challenge to control activities. Furthermore, Enterprise Anti-Money Laundering executes a risk-based
approach to deter, detect and report suspected money laundering, terrorist financing and sanctioned activities, in accordance with their
policies and supporting standards.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 49
Management’s discussion and analysis
Europe and Asia-Pacific Risk Management – This group carries out the mandate of CIBC Risk Management at a regional level under the
leadership of the Senior Vice-President & Chief Risk Officer, Europe & APAC Region, with oversight from the Management Committees and
CIBC Luxembourg Board. The group provides independent oversight for the identification, management, measurement, monitoring and
mitigation of risks in Europe and Asia.
U.S. Risk Management – This group carries out the mandate of CIBC Risk Management at a regional level under the leadership of the
U.S. CRO, with oversight from the Risk Management Committee of the CIBC Board and the Risk Committees of the Boards of CIBC Bank USA
and CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. The group provides independent oversight for the identification, management, measurement, monitoring and
mitigation of risks in the U.S. region.
Risk management process
Our risk management process is illustrated below:
g
n
i
t
r
o
p
e
R
Risk Management Process
Risk Appetite Statement
Risk Policies and Limits
Risk Identification and Measurement
Stress Testing
Risk Treatment / Mitigation
w
e
i
v
e
R
d
n
a
r
o
t
i
n
o
M
Safeguarding our reputation and brand;
Doing the right thing for our clients/stakeholders;
Engaging in client-oriented businesses after understanding the potential risks and rewards;
Risk appetite statement
Our risk appetite statement defines the amount of risk we are willing to assume in pursuit of our strategic and financial objectives. Our guiding
principle is to practice sound risk management, supported by strong capital and funding positions, as we pursue our client-focused strategy. In
defining our risk appetite, we take into consideration our purpose, vision, values, strategy and objectives, along with our risk capacity (defined by
regulatory constraints). It defines how we conduct business, which is to be consistent with the following objectives:
Make our client’s goals our own in a professional and radically simple manner;
Managing a balance between risk and returns;
Meeting regulatory expectations and/or identifying and having plans in place to address any issues in a timely manner;
Meeting/exceeding stakeholders’ expectations with respect to the ESG criteria including setting/sharing targets, and reporting progress
Retaining a prudent attitude towards tail and event risk;
Achieving/maintaining an AA rating; and
towards these targets.
Our risk appetite statement contains metrics with limits that define our risk tolerance levels. In addition, we have SBU, functional group and regional
risk appetite statements that are integrated with our overall risk appetite statement that further articulate our business level risk tolerances.
Our risk appetite statement is reviewed annually in conjunction with our strategic, financial and capital planning cycle to ensure alignment and
is approved annually by the Board. To help drive strong oversight and governance around our risk appetite, the Board, RMC and senior
management regularly receive and review reporting on our risk profile against the risk appetite limits.
All strategic business decisions, as well as day-to-day business decisions, are governed by our risk appetite framework. Strategic decisions
are evaluated to ensure that the risk exposure is within our risk appetite. Day-to-day activities and decisions are governed by our framework of risk
tolerance limits, policies, standards and procedures that support our risk appetite statement.
50 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Risk culture
Risk culture refers to desired attitudes and behaviours relative to risk management practices. At CIBC, we strive to achieve a consistent and
effective risk culture by:
Promoting, through both formal and informal channels, a shared accountability of risk identification, management and mitigation;
Cultivating an environment of transparency, open communication and robust discussion of risk;
Setting the appropriate “tone at the top” through clear communication and reinforcement; and
Identifying and reinforcing behaviours that are aligned with risk appetite, and escalating misaligned behaviours.
Every year, all employees are required to complete formal training on risk appetite, reputation risk, operational risk, code of conduct, AML and other
key risk topics. By taking this mandatory training, all employees strengthen their basic knowledge of risk management in support of our risk culture.
This training is supplemented by our risk appetite statement, risk management priorities and documents on our internal website. In addition, we
have policies, procedures and limits in place that govern our day-to-day business activity, with escalation procedures for limit breaches outlined
accordingly.
Risk input into performance and compensation
Throughout the year, the Risk Management team manages various compensation risk reviews. These reviews are part of the second line of defence
responsibilities to review and challenge new compensation plans, changes to existing compensation plans and compensation plan closure. In
addition, periodic risk reviews are completed to ensure all compensation plans are risk assessed on a regular basis. All compensation plans are
rated as either high-risk or low-risk with high-risk compensation plans requiring approval from the CRO.
At each year-end, Risk Management provides an assessment of adherence to risk appetite and material risk matters across CIBC. Risk
Management also considers a number of risk inputs to identify matters that may directly impact incentive pools and/or individual compensation
awards and/or performance ratings. Annually, Risk Management reviews the assessment with both the RMC and the MRCC.
The MRCC oversees the performance management and compensation process and is responsible for assisting the Board of Directors in their
global oversight of CIBC’s human capital strategy, including talent and total rewards, and the alignment with CIBC’s strategy, risk appetite and
controls. The MRCC’s oversight of human capital strategy includes inclusion at work, employee health, safety and wellbeing and other ESG
practices related to their mandate. The MRCC’s key compensation-related responsibilities include:
Reviewing and recommending for Board approval annual compensation, including changes to compensation targets, if any, for the CEO, ExCo
members, and Other Key Officers;
Approving annual compensation for any employee whose total direct compensation exceeds the materiality threshold determined by the
Committee;
Assessing the appropriateness of compensation based on business performance and risks undertaken;
Reviewing and recommending for Board approval the aggregate annual incentive compensation and allocations to the SBUs and the
functional groups;
Approving CIBC’s compensation philosophy and any material changes to CIBC’s compensation principles or practices;
Reviewing material compensation policies and approving any material changes to such policies or any new material compensation policies;
Reviewing and recommending Board approval of new material compensation plans and changes to existing material compensation plans; and
Reviewing a report on non-material plans.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 51
Management’s discussion and analysis
Risk policies and limits
Our risk policies and limits framework is intended to ensure that risks are appropriately identified, measured, monitored and controlled in accordance
with our risk appetite. For most risks, we have developed an overarching framework document that sets out the key principles for managing the
associated risks and our key risk policies and limits. This framework is supported by standards, guidelines, processes, procedures and controls that
govern day-to-day activities in our businesses. Oversight is provided by management committees, as well as the Board/Board committees.
Key risk policies and management committees are illustrated below:
Risk Management Framework
Risk Appetite Statement and Risk Appetite Framework
Overarching
Framework / Policy
Credit Risk Management
Policy
Trading Credit Risk
Management Policy
Market Risk Management
Policy
Structural Risk Management
Policies
Operational Risk Management
Framework
Control Framework
Conduct and Culture Risk
Framework
Risk Limits
Management Oversight
Credit Concentration Limits
Delegated Credit Approval
Authorities
Trading Credit Risk Limits
Risk Appetite Statement
Market Risk Limits
Delegated Risk Authorities
Risk Appetite Statement
Key Risk Indicators
Risk Appetite Statement
Credit Committee
Personal and Business Banking
Credit Risk Committee
Global Risk Committee
Traded Risk Committee
Global Risk Committee
Global Asset Liability
Committee
Traded Risk Committee
Operational Risk and Control
Committee
Global Risk Committee
Technology Operational Risk
Committee
Model and Parameter Risk
Committee
Cyber Security Committee
Traded Risk Committee
Third Party Risk Council
Executive Fraud Risk Council
Global Reputation Risk
Management Framework and
Policy
Key Risk Indicators
Reputation and Legal Risks
Committee
Risk
Credit
Market
Operational
Reputation
Liquidity
Liquidity Risk Management
Policy
Pledging Policy
Liquidity and Funding Limits
Risk Appetite Statement
Pledging Limits
Strategic
Strategic Planning Policy
Risk Appetite Statement
Global Asset Liability
Committee
Global Risk Committee
Executive Committee
Global Risk Committee
Regulatory
Regulatory Compliance
Management Policy
Enterprise Anti-Money
Laundering Framework and
Enterprise Anti-Money
Laundering and Anti-Terrorist
Financing Policy
Privacy Management
Framework
Compliance Risk Management
Framework
Key Risk Indicators
Global Risk Committee
Risk Appetite Statement
Key AML Metrics
Executive Oversight
Committee
52 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Risk identification and measurement
Risk identification and measurement are important elements of CIBC’s risk management framework. Risk identification is a continuous process,
generally achieved through:
Regular assessment of risks associated with lending and trading credit exposures;
Ongoing monitoring of trading and non-trading portfolios;
Assessment of risks in new business activities and processes;
Assessment of risks in complex and unusual business transactions;
Regular monitoring of the overall risk profile considering market developments and trends, and external and internal events; and
Ongoing monitoring of management operations and processes.
Risk Management maintains a “Risk Register” to list all material risks facing CIBC. The inventory is based on the risks inherent in our businesses and
updated through various processes, illustrated in the following chart, to reflect changes in the nature of the risks we are facing. The Risk Register is
used to support our ICAAP, either explicitly in the economic and regulatory capital calculations, or implicitly through the buffer of actual capital over
economic capital and regulatory capital.
Risk Identification Processes
Risks Inherent
in CIBC s
Businesses
’
Strategic Business Reviews
Change Initiative Risk Assessment Process
Risk and Control Self Assessments
Strategic and Emerging Risk Themes
External and Peer Benchmarking
Regulatory Reviews
Macro and
External
Risks
Assessment of
Risk Level
(probability /
severity
considerations)
Risk Register
Internal Capital
Adequacy
Assessment
Process
(ICAAP)
The decision to register a new risk is based on its risk assessment through our risk identification processes and includes criteria such as severity,
measurability and probability. Furthermore, the decision on the amount of capital allocated to cover the new risk brought on the books will take into
consideration the effectiveness and impact of the risk mitigants available.
We have enterprise-wide methodologies, models and techniques in place to measure both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of risks,
appropriate for the various types of risks we face. These methodologies, models and techniques are subject to independent assessment and review
to ensure that the underlying logic remains sound, that model risks have been identified and managed, that use of the models continues to be
appropriate and outputs are valid.
Risk is usually measured in terms of expected loss, unexpected loss, and economic capital.
Expected loss
Expected loss represents the loss that is statistically expected to occur in the normal course of business, with adjustments for conservatism, in a
given period of time.
In respect of credit risk, the parameters used to measure expected loss are PD, LGD and EAD. These parameters are updated regularly and
are based either on our historical experience through the cycle and benchmarking of credit exposures or as prescribed by our regulators as
applicable. Unlike the PD, LGD and EAD parameters used for calculating ECL on our consolidated financial statements, the PD, LGD and EAD
parameters used for regulatory capital purposes are not adjusted for forward-looking information.
For trading market risks, VaR is a statistical technique used to measure risk. VaR is an estimate of the loss in market value for a given level of
confidence that we would expect to incur in our trading portfolio due to an adverse one-day movement in market rates, implied volatility and prices
using the most recent 500 trading days. We also use stressed VaR to estimate an expected loss over a 10 day holding period and using a one-year
historical window when relevant market factors were in distress.
For trading credit risks associated with market value based products, we use models to estimate exposure relative to the value of the portfolio
of trades with each counterparty, giving consideration to market rates and prices.
Unexpected loss and economic capital
Unexpected loss is the statistical estimate of the amount by which actual losses might exceed expected losses over a specified time horizon,
computed at a given confidence level. We use economic capital to estimate the level of capital needed to protect us against unexpected losses.
We also use techniques such as sensitivity analysis and stress testing to help ensure that the risks remain within our risk appetite and that our
capital is adequate to cover those risks. Our stress testing program includes evaluation of the potential effects of various economic and market
scenarios on our risk profile, earnings and capital. Refer to the “Capital management” section for additional details.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 53
Management’s discussion and analysis
Model risk management
Model risk management encompasses sound development, independent validation, and ongoing monitoring and review of the models as well as
governance and controls that are proportionate to the risks. Our model inventory includes, but is not limited to, models that relate to risk
measurement (including VaR, economic and regulatory capital), pricing, mark-to-market (MTM), credit risk rating and scoring models, credit models
for the calculation of loss severity and stress testing, and models for the calculation of ECL under IFRS 9. CIBC’s approach to provide effective
governance and oversight for model risk management comprises the following key elements:
Governance and oversight by management committees, including the Model and Parameter Risk Committee (MPRC), senior management and
the Board;
Policies, procedures and standards to outline applicable roles and responsibilities of the various oversight groups and to provide guidance to
identify, measure, control and monitor model risk throughout the model’s life cycle; and
Controls for key operational aspects of model risk management including maintaining a model inventory, model risk ranking, model risk
attestation and ongoing monitoring and reporting.
The MPRC is a subcommittee of the Operational Risk and Control Committee (ORCC) and is responsible for reviewing and approving proposals for
new and/or modified regulatory, economic capital and IFRS 9 models and provides oversight of CIBC’s regulatory, economic capital and IFRS 9
models and parameters for credit, market and operational risks. The MPRC has accountability and responsibility for model and parameter
approvals, parameter performance monitoring, validation oversight, and policy oversight.
Model risk mitigation policies
We have policies, procedures, standards and controls to ensure effective model risk management for CIBC. A model review and validation is the
independent effective challenge that documents the model risk and ensures models are sound and we can rely on their output. The model review
and validation process includes:
Review of model documentation;
Comprehensive, systematic testing of key model parameters on implementation to ensure results are as expected;
Replication of the risk quantification process to determine whether the model implementation is faithful to the model specifications;
Review of whether the model/parameter concepts and assumptions are appropriate and robust;
Accuracy testing to assess the calibration and accuracy of the risk components including, for example, the discriminative power of rating
systems and the reasonableness of capital parameters;
Sensitivity testing to analyze the sensitivity of model/parameter outputs to model/parameter assumptions and key inputs;
Scenario and stress testing of the model outputs to key inputs;
Back-testing by comparing actual results with model-generated risk measures;
Benchmarking to other models and comparable internal and external data;
Review of the internal usage of the model/parameter applications to ensure consistency of application;
Reporting of model status to the MPRC, supported through an up-to-date inventory of regulatory models and parameters;
A quarterly attestation process for model owners in order to ensure compliance with the Model Risk and Validation Policy; and
A comprehensive validation report that identifies the conditions for valid application of the model and summarizes these findings to the model
owners, developers and users.
Once a model has been approved for use, ongoing monitoring becomes a joint responsibility of model users, owners and validators.
Stress testing
Stress testing supplements our other risk management tools by providing an estimate of the potential impacts of plausible but stressed economic
scenarios and risk factors. Results of stress testing are interpreted in the context of our risk appetite, including metrics for capital adequacy.
Enterprise-wide stress testing, capital planning and financial planning processes are integrated for a comprehensive information system. See the
“Capital management” section for detailed discussion on our enterprise-wide stress testing.
Risk treatment and mitigation
Risk treatment and mitigation is the implementation of options for modifying risk levels. We pursue risk mitigation options in order to control our risk
profile in the context of our risk appetite. Our objective is to proactively consider risk mitigation options in order to optimize results.
Discussions regarding potential risk mitigation strategies are held between Risk Management and the lines of business, at the GRC or GALCO
and at the RMC for governance and oversight, as appropriate. In evaluating possible strategies, considerations include costs and benefits, residual
risks (i.e., risks that are retained), secondary risks (i.e., those caused by the risk mitigation actions), and appropriate monitoring and review to track
results.
Risk controls
Our risk management framework also includes a comprehensive set of risk controls, designed to ensure that risks are being appropriately identified
and managed. Our risk controls are part of CIBC’s overall Control Framework, developed based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission’s (COSO) widely accepted “Internal Control – Integrated Framework”. The Control Framework also draws on elements of
the OSFI Supervisory Framework and Corporate Governance Guidelines.
The Board, primarily through the RMC, approves certain credit risk limits and delegates specific transactional approval authorities to the CEO or
jointly to the CEO and CRO. The RMC must approve transactions that exceed delegated authorities. Delegation of authority to business units is
controlled to ensure decision-making authorities are restricted to those individuals with the necessary experience levels. In addition, CIBC has rigorous
processes to identify, evaluate and remediate risk control deficiencies in a timely manner. Regular reporting is provided to the RMC to evidence
compliance with risk limits. Risk limits and the delegation of authority to the CEO or jointly to the CEO and CRO are reviewed annually by the RMC.
Risk monitoring and reporting
To monitor CIBC’s risk profile and facilitate evaluation against the risk appetite statement, a number of measurement metrics have been established,
with regular reporting against these metrics provided to the GRC and the RMC. This reporting enables decisions on growth and risk mitigation
strategies.
Exposures are also regularly monitored against limits, with escalation protocols for limit excesses, should they occur. Escalation protocols
ensure awareness at appropriate levels and facilitate management of excesses that is consistent with our risk appetite.
Regular management reports on each risk type are also prepared to facilitate monitoring and control of risk at a more granular level.
54 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Top and emerging risks
We monitor and review top and emerging risks that may affect our future results, and take action to mitigate potential risks. We perform in-depth
analyses, which may include stress testing our exposures relative to the risks, and we provide updates and related developments to the Board on a
regular basis. Top and emerging risks are those that we consider to have potential negative implications that are material for CIBC. This section
describes those top and emerging risks, as well as regulatory and accounting developments that are material for CIBC.
Inflation, interest rates and economic growth
High inflation continued to drive tightening in monetary policies by major central banks in 2023, posing risks to the economic growth ahead. The
rapid increase in interest rates is putting pressure on credit risks globally. U.S. regional bank failures put pressure on liquidity and funding
conditions for the financial industry, while tightening credit for U.S. small and medium sized businesses. Commercial office real estate, particularly in
the U.S., is facing challenges due to post-pandemic hybrid work arrangements and high interest rates, negatively impacting office asset valuations.
Further details on the U.S. office real estate exposure are provided in the “Credit risk – U.S. office real estate exposure” section. The impact of
higher interest rates on Canadian mortgages is discussed under the “Canadian consumer debt and the housing market” section below and in the
“Credit risk – Real estate secured personal lending” section. We are closely monitoring the macroeconomic environment and assessing its potential
adverse impact on our clients, counterparties and businesses. Further details on the macroeconomic environment are provided in the “Economic
and market environment – Outlook for calendar year 2024” section.
Canadian consumer debt and the housing market
OSFI’s Guideline B-20 was introduced in 2012, with a subsequent update effective January 2018, to provide its expectations for strong residential
mortgage underwriting for federally regulated lenders. The revised guideline had its intended effect as debt-to-income ratios flattened in 2018–2019.
Following the initial impact of COVID-19, the housing market rebounded strongly in 2021–2022, with rapid price growth, increasing the risk that new
borrowers may be unable to repay loan obligations due to higher mortgage indebtedness levels.
In recent quarters, higher interest rates caused some correction to housing prices and put pressure on debt serviceability. While the mortgage
debt service ratio increased, driven by higher interest payments, this has been partially offset by historic low levels of non-mortgage debt, softening
household spending, and continued strong wage growth.
Given the rapid increase in housing price levels and re-ignited concerns around household indebtedness in 2021–2022, OSFI took proactive
actions in assessing lenders’ practices under the existing market conditions. In June 2021, we started to qualify uninsured and insured mortgages
at the higher of the mortgage contract rate plus 2%, or 5.25% and, in June 2022, OSFI released a new advisory and clarifications on the treatment of
innovative real estate secured lending products under Guideline B-20. OSFI’s public consultation for B-20 to propose complementary debt
serviceability measures to control high consumer indebtedness (i.e., loan-to-income and debt-to-income restrictions) closed in April 2023.
The Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) and Mortgage Insurer Capital Adequacy Test (MICAT) guidelines have been updated effective
November 1, 2023. These changes will result in an increase in RWA for mortgages that have been in negative-amortization for three consecutive
months with LTV over 65%. CIBC is implementing these changes effective November 1. CIBC continues to monitor the impact of macroeconomic
factors to our clients through stress tests and scenario/sensitivity analyses. Additionally, CIBC is also closely monitoring our mortgage clients who
have or will soon renew for signs of financial stress in the current high rate environment.
See the “Real estate secured personal lending” section for the guidance issued by OSFI in June 2022 on the Clarification on the Treatment of
Innovative Real Estate Secured Lending Products under Guideline B-20.
Geopolitical risk
The level of geopolitical risk escalates at certain points in time. While the specific impact on the global economy and on global credit and capital
markets would depend on the nature of the event, in general, any major event could result in instability and volatility, leading to widening spreads,
declining equity valuations, flight to safe-haven currencies and increased purchases of gold. In the short run, market disruption could hurt the net
income of our trading and non-trading market risk positions. Geopolitical risk could reduce economic growth, and in combination with the potential
impacts on commodity prices and the recent rise of protectionism, could have serious negative implications for general economic and banking
activities. Current areas of concern include:
The war in Ukraine;
Conflict in the Middle East;
Ongoing U.S., Canada and China relations and trade issues;
Rising civil unrest and activism globally; and
Relations between the U.S. and Iran.
While it is impossible to predict where new geopolitical disruption will occur, we do pay particular attention to markets and regions with existing or
recent historical instability to assess the impact of these environments on the markets and businesses in which we operate.
Climate risk
The physical effects of climate change along with regulations designed to mitigate its negative impacts will have a measurable impact on communities
and the economy. The physical risks of climate change resulting from severe weather events and systemic issues such as rising sea levels can impact
CIBC’s profitability through disruptions in our own operations and damage to critical infrastructure. Transition risks, which arise as society adjusts
towards a low-carbon future, can impact the financial health of our clients as changes in policy, regulation and technology aimed at limiting global
warming can increase their operating costs and reduce profitability, while translating into potentially higher credit losses for the bank. We are also
exposed to legal and reputational risks due to changing stakeholder expectations related to action or inaction in addressing climate-related risks. As
the world transitions to a low-carbon economy, we are committed to understanding and responsibly managing the relevant impacts of climate change
on our operations and our business activities. In support of this commitment, we have established our ambition to achieve net zero greenhouse gas
emissions associated with operational and financing activities by 2050, including interim targets to reduce the carbon intensity of our financed
emissions in the oil and gas and power generation sectors by 2030. This builds on our environmental leadership and enhances our ability to continue
creating long-term shareholder value as the landscape of climate-related risks and opportunities evolves.
Setting net-zero targets across a complex set of financing activities is an emerging practice and our methodology is informed by international
standards and current industry best practices. We continue to work to accelerate our climate aspirations by embedding net-zero considerations
through our business practices and financing activities.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 55
Management’s discussion and analysis
There is an increasing demand for disclosure around climate-related risk identification and mitigation. We support the Task Force on Climate-
related Financial Disclosure’s (TCFD’s) recommendations for globally consistent and comparable climate disclosure and published our third
standalone report in March 2023, which presents information about CIBC’s efforts towards aligning our climate disclosure with the TCFD framework.
In the past year, a number of regulators and standard-setting organizations introduced disclosure frameworks related to climate change risks,
as well as environmental and social risks. Key among them is the IFRS Foundation’s International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), which in
June 2023 issued its inaugural standards IFRS S1 “General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information” (IFRS S1)
and IFRS S2 “Climate-related Disclosures” (IFRS S2). Both standards are designed to enable companies to communicate sustainability-related risks
and opportunities to investors over the short, medium and long term. IFRS S1 addresses the content and presentation requirements for sustainability
disclosures more broadly, whereas IFRS S2 focuses specifically on climate-related disclosure. Based on the transition rules set out in the standards,
they will apply to CIBC for our reporting period ended October 31, 2025 to the extent they become effective in Canada. In addition, regulators such
as the SEC, OSFI and the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) have released proposed or final requirements for climate risk disclosures
including defining guidance and expectations related to climate risk management practices and metrics to measure this risk. In March 2023, OSFI
released Guideline B-15 on Climate Risk Management, which will be initially effective for us for our reporting period ended October 31, 2024, with
the disclosures required to be made publicly available within 180 days of our fiscal year-end. OSFI’s principles-based expectations set out in this
guideline focus on understanding and mitigating the impact of climate-related risks to business models and strategy, governance and risk
management practices used to manage climate-related risks, and remaining financially and operationally resilient through severe climate scenarios.
OSFI is expected to review Guideline B-15 as practices evolve, including considering updates based on the disclosure requirements in the ISSB
standards. We have established an enterprise-wide working group to assess the impacts of Guideline B-15 and support its implementation. In
July 2023, the European Commission adopted the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) for use by entities subject to the Corporate
Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). The ESRS will require disclosure on climate change and other material environmental, social and
governance matters.
Potential divergence among the regulators in disclosure expectations, coupled with the pace at which the regulatory landscape changes, pose
operational risks to us. We continue to monitor these developments and evolve our approach to support future regulatory requirements.
See the “Environmental and social risk” section for additional information.
Technology, information and cyber security risk
Financial institutions like CIBC are evolving their use of technology and business processes to improve the client experience and streamline
operations. At the same time, cyber threats and the associated financial, reputational and business interruption risks have also increased. We
continue to actively manage these risks through strategic risk reviews, enterprise-wide technology and information security programs, with the goal
of maintaining overall cyber-resilience that prevents, detects, and responds to threats such as data breaches, malware, unauthorized access, and
denial-of-service attacks, which can result in damage to CIBC systems and information, theft or disclosure of confidential information, unauthorized
or fraudulent activity, and service disruption at CIBC or its service providers, including those that offer cloud services.
Given the importance of electronic financial systems, including secure online and mobile banking provided by CIBC to its clients, CIBC
monitors the changing environment globally, including cyber threats, mitigation strategies and evolving regulatory requirements, in order to improve
our controls and processes to protect our systems and client information. In addition, we perform cyber security preparedness, testing, and
recovery exercises to validate our defences, benchmark against best practices and provide regular updates to the Board. We have well-defined
cyber incident response protocols and playbooks in the event that a security incident or breach occurs. We also have cyber insurance coverage to
help mitigate against certain potential losses associated with cyber incidents. Our insurance coverage is subject to various terms and provisions,
including limits on the types and amounts of coverage relating to losses arising from cyber incidents. We periodically assess our insurance
coverage based on our risk tolerance and limits. Despite our commitment to information and cyber security, and given the rapidly evolving threat
and regulatory landscape, coupled with a changing business environment, it is not possible for us to identify all cyber risks or implement measures
to prevent or eliminate all potential cyber incidents from occurring. However, we monitor our risk profile for changes and continue to refine
approaches to security protection and service resilience to minimize the impact of any cyber incidents that may occur.
Commodity prices
After showing strength in the third quarter, most commodities saw prices decline in the fourth quarter of 2023, with the one exception being oil.
Crude oil prices continued to climb as further OPEC production cuts and storage concerns lead the fundamental analysis. Natural gas prices
decreased throughout August and September as concerns over winter natural gas supply seemed to be alleviated; production remained high and
demand was stable. Gold prices also fell, due to stronger U.S. dollar and “higher for longer” rates. Grain prices have stabilized following the initial
volatility when Russia withdrew from the Ukrainian grain export deal. CIBC continues to monitor longer-term developments as geopolitical tensions
and desire for energy independence face off against decarbonization ambitions in shaping energy policies and trade flows.
Disintermediation risk
Canadian banking clients are increasingly shifting their service transactions from brick-and-mortar banking centres to digital platforms. Competitive
pressure from digital disruptors, both global technology leaders and smaller financial technology entrants, is increasing and the risk of
disintermediation continues to grow due to the level of sophistication of these non-traditional competitors, and increased adoption of emerging
technologies. The emergence of Decentralized Finance, where fully automated financial applications are programmed into a blockchain network
using digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies, is one such technology trend that enables parties to transact without third-party intermediaries such
as banks. However, in Canada, the risk of blockchain technology disintermediating banks in the near-term appears low. Currently, Canadians have
access to robust financial infrastructure, and while blockchain technology offers a potential approach to address counterparty risk, the value a bank
brings to a client relationship extends beyond managing counterparty risk; especially as clients develop more complex financial considerations that
require the expertise and empathy of a human-centered approach. Decentralized Finance may evolve in ways that make it more accessible to the
public, but without appropriate regulation to address the elevated levels of volatility, fraud, theft, and associated risks, its appeal may remain limited
to Canadians with a higher risk tolerance.
We manage disintermediation risk through strategic reviews as well as investment in emerging channels, in data and analytics capabilities,
and in technology and innovation in general, to meet our clients’ changing expectations, while working to reduce our cost structure and simplify
operations. We maintain a central and coordinated approach to innovation to manage these risks while also benefitting from the opportunities they
bring.
Data and Artificial Intelligence risk
Data is being used every day to further advance CIBC’s strategic objectives and create competitive advantages. To support this, CIBC continues to
invest in our data management and governance capabilities to ensure we have a strong data foundation to support reporting needs, business decision-
making and grow our analytics practices to use data as a transformative asset. With rapid advances in technology, this includes further applications of
56 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Artificial Intelligence (AI) that can drive productivity enhancements and ways to grow and better protect our bank. Alongside the potential benefits of AI
tools and technology comes risks; as AI systems make decisions based on data and models, they can inherit or amplify bias or raise concerns about
fairness or ethical use. In addition, transparency in AI models is required to ensure the reasoning, accuracy or appropriateness of the output is clearly
understood. CIBC is maturing our AI governance and risk management practices to ensure these risks are well managed as we consider further
adoption of AI technologies.
Third-party risk
The Board and senior management recognize the establishment of third-party relationships as important to CIBC’s business model and therefore
leverage them to achieve CIBC’s business objectives. With the introduction of new technologies, a more global footprint, and increasing reliance on
sub-contractors, the third-party landscape continues to evolve. While such relationships may benefit us through reduced costs, increased
innovation, improved performance and increased business competitiveness, they can also introduce risks of failure or disruption to CIBC through
breakdowns in people, processes or technology or through external events that impact these third parties.
To mitigate third-party risks, prepare for future third-party risks and changing regulatory expectations, and to ensure existing processes and
internal controls are operating effectively, we rely on our strong risk culture and established the Third Party Risk Management program, which
includes policies, procedures, expertise and resources dedicated to third-party risk management. The program identifies and manages risks that
arise from third-party relationships from the point of planning through the life cycle of the business arrangement and supports the maintenance of
collaborative relationships that advance our strategic direction and operational needs within our risk appetite.
Anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing and sanctions
Money laundering, terrorist financing activities and other related crimes pose a threat to the stability and integrity of a country’s financial sector and
its broader economy. In recognition of this threat, the international community has made the fight against these illegal activities a priority. We are
committed to adhering to all regulatory requirements pertaining to anti-money laundering (AML), anti-terrorist financing (ATF) and sanctions in the
jurisdictions where we operate and implementing best practices to minimize the impact of such activities. In Canada, to improve the effectiveness of
the AML/ATF regime, amendments to the regulations under the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act continue to be
published, with some provisions coming into force within a short span of time. In accordance with these amendments, we have implemented
procedures, processes, and controls with respect to client due diligence, record keeping and reporting as well as mandatory annual AML/ATF and
sanctions training for all employees to ensure that relevant regulatory obligations are met in each jurisdiction where we operate. Canada, the U.S.,
the U.K., and the European Union (EU) continue to expand and adjust economic sanctions on Russia over its war in Ukraine which have continued
to evolve since March 2022. We continue to monitor and enhance controls as required, in accordance with our established processes for managing
sanctions updates.
U.S. banking regulation
Our U.S. operations are subject to supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve), and are also subject to
a comprehensive federal and state regulatory framework. Our wholly owned subsidiary, CIBC Bancorp USA Inc. (CIBC Bancorp), is a financial
holding company subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. CIBC
Bank USA, our Illinois-chartered bank, is subject to regulation by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve and
the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation. CIBC’s New York branch is subject to regulation and supervision by the New York
Department of Financial Services and the Federal Reserve. Certain market activities of our U.S. operations are subject to regulation by the SEC and
the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, as well as other oversight bodies.
The scope of these regulations impact our business in a number of ways. For example, both CIBC Bancorp and CIBC Bank USA are required
to maintain minimum capital ratios in accordance with Basel III rules adopted by the U.S. bank regulatory agencies, which differ in some respects
from Canada’s Basel III rules. Under the U.S. bank regulatory framework, both CIBC and CIBC Bancorp are expected to provide a source of
strength to the subsidiary bank and may be required to commit additional capital and other resources to CIBC Bank USA in the event that its
financial condition were to deteriorate, whether due to overall challenging economic conditions in the U.S., or because of business-specific issues.
The Federal Reserve (in the case of CIBC Bancorp), and the FDIC and the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (in the case
of CIBC Bank USA) also have the ability to restrict dividends paid by CIBC Bancorp or CIBC Bank USA, which could limit our ability to receive
distributions on our capital investment in our U.S. banking operations.
As our combined U.S. operations grow, we will become subject to additional enhanced prudential standards under the Federal Reserve’s
regulations applicable to foreign banking organizations. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC may also restrict our U.S. operations,
organic or inorganic growth, if, among other things, they have supervisory concerns about risk management, AML or compliance programs and
practices, governance and controls, and/or capital and liquidity adequacy at CIBC Bancorp, CIBC Bank USA or our New York branch, as
applicable. In some instances, banking regulators may take supervisory actions that may not be publicly disclosed, which may restrict or limit our
New York branch and our U.S. subsidiaries from engaging in certain categories of new activities or acquiring shares or control of other companies.
Any restrictions imposed by banking regulators could negatively impact us by loss of revenue, limitations on the products or services we offer, and
increased operational and compliance costs.
The U.S. regulatory environment continues to evolve and future legislative and regulatory developments may impact CIBC.
Interbank Offered Rate transition
Interest rate benchmarks including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other similar European benchmarks have been reformed and
replaced by alternative benchmark rates (alternative rates) that meet regulatory definitions. USD LIBOR ceased as at June 30, 2023. In December 2021,
the Canadian Alternative Reference Rate working group (CARR) recommended that the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) should cease calculation
and publication after June 2024 with CORRA suggested as the replacement benchmark rate. On May 16, 2022, the CDOR administrator announced the
cessation of CDOR consistent with the recommendations outlined by CARR. Additionally, on January 11, 2023, CARR announced the development of a
Term CORRA rate. See the “Other regulatory developments” section and Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Tax reform
Changes in tax laws, tax policy, and tax interpretations by tax authorities and the courts are occurring in Canada, the U.S., and other countries around
the world. This has led to increased complexity in tax law interpretation, as well as tax increases and expanded tax-related reporting. For example, more
than 135 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), G20 Inclusive Framework on Erosion and Profit
Shifting have joined a Two-Pillar plan for international tax reform. Pillar One focuses on the taxation of digital services and Pillar Two establishes a
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 57
Management’s discussion and analysis
new global regime that effectively implements a 15% global minimum tax. See the “Financial performance overview – Taxes” and “Accounting and
control matters – Accounting developments” sections, and Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Corporate transactions
CIBC seeks out acquisition and divestiture opportunities that align with its strategy, risk appetite and financial goals. The ability to successfully execute on
our strategy to integrate acquisitions, and the ability to anticipate and manage risks associated with such corporate transactions are subject to various
factors such as receiving regulatory and shareholder approval on a timely basis and on favourable terms, retaining clients and key personnel, realizing
synergies and efficiencies, controlling integration and acquisition costs, and changes in general business and economic conditions, among others.
Although many of the factors are beyond our control, their impact is partially mitigated by conducting due diligence before completing the
transaction and developing and executing appropriate plans. However, given the inherent uncertainty involved in such corporate transactions, we
cannot anticipate all potential events, facts and circumstances that may arise and there could be an adverse impact on our operations and financial
performance as a result of such corporate transactions.
Regulatory developments
See the “Taxes”, “Capital management”, “Credit risk”, “Liquidity risk” and “Accounting and control matters” sections for additional information on
regulatory developments.
Accounting developments
See the “Accounting and control matters” section and Note 31 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on accounting
developments.
Risks arising from business activities
The chart below shows our business activities and related risk measures based upon regulatory RWA and average allocated common equity as at
October 31, 2023:
CIBC
Corporate and Other
SBUs
Business
activities
Balance
sheet (1)
RWA (2)
Average
allocated
common
equity (6)
Canadian Personal
and Business Banking
Canadian Commercial
Banking and Wealth
Management
U.S. Commercial Banking
and Wealth Management
Capital Markets and
Direct Financial Services
• Deposits
Residential mortgages
Personal loans
Credit cards
Business lending
Insurance
Commercial banking
Full-service brokerage
Asset management
Private wealth management
Commercial banking
Asset management
Private wealth management
Personal and small business
banking
Corporate banking
Global markets
Investment banking
Direct financial services
International banking
Investment portfolios
Joint ventures
Functional and support
groups (see page 33)
($ millions)
($ millions)
($ millions)
($ millions)
($ millions)
Average assets
Average deposits
319,787
218,374
Average assets
Average deposits
91,630
96,843
Average assets
Average deposits
60,637
46,662
Average assets
Average deposits
287,564
118,388
Average assets
Average deposits
188,503
232,675
($ millions)
($ millions)
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
68,039
–
16,315
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
62,224
–
6,975
Credit risk (3)
Market risk
Operational risk
($ millions)
62,856
22
2,434
Credit risk (4)
Market risk
Operational risk
($ millions)
60,710
7,638
6,121
Credit risk (5)
Market risk
Operational risk
($ millions)
20,885
344
11,557
Proportion of total
CIBC
Comprising:
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Other (7)
(%)
21
76
–
18
6
Proportion of total
CIBC
Comprising:
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Other (7)
(%)
18
80
–
9
11
Proportion of total
CIBC
Comprising:
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Other (7)
(%)
24
60
–
3
37
Proportion of total
CIBC
Comprising:
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Other (7)
(%)
17
81
10
8
1
Proportion of total
CIBC
Comprising:
Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Other (7)
(%)
20
55
1
17
27
Risk profile
We are exposed to credit, market, liquidity, operational, and other risks, which primarily include strategic, insurance, technology, information and cyber
security, reputation and legal, regulatory compliance, and environmental and social risks.
(1) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(2) As part of the adoption of the Basel III reforms, a revised approach for allocating operational risk RWA to each of the SBUs was introduced effective April 30, 2023. The
new allocations are driven by the contributions of each SBU to the total 3-years of revenue and total 10-years of operational losses. This change in methodology impacted
allocated common equity effective the third quarter of 2023.
(3) Includes CCR of $10 million, which comprises derivatives and repo-style transactions.
(4) Includes CCR of $14,690 million, which comprises derivatives and repo-style transactions.
(5) Includes CCR of $521 million, which comprises derivatives and repo-style transactions.
(6) Average allocated common equity is a non-GAAP measure. For additional information on the composition of this non-GAAP measure, see the “Non-GAAP measures” section.
(7) Represents average allocated common equity relating to capital deductions, such as goodwill and intangible assets, in accordance with the rules in OSFI’s CAR Guideline.
58 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss due to a borrower or counterparty failing to meet its obligations in accordance with contractual terms.
Credit risk arises out of the lending businesses in each of our SBUs and in International banking, which is included in Corporate and Other.
Other sources of credit risk consist of our trading activities, which include our OTC derivatives, debt securities, and our repo-style transaction
activity. In addition to losses on the default of a borrower or counterparty, unrealized gains or losses may occur due to changes in the credit
spread of the counterparty, which could impact the carrying or fair value of our assets.
Governance and management
Credit risk is managed through the three lines of defence model. The first line of defence consists of the frontline businesses and governance
groups that assess and manage the risks associated with their activities. They own the risks and the controls that mitigate the risks.
The second line of defence is Risk Management, which provides to an independent risk perspective, strategic direction and leadership to
ensure alignment of practices with CIBC’s risk appetite. This includes being responsible for certain credit decisions and oversight of credit risks
associated with CIBC’s personal, small business, commercial, corporate and wealth management activities.
Internal audit is the third line of defence, providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the
effectiveness of CIBC’s governance practices, risk management processes, and internal control as part of its risk-based audit plan and in
accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
Senior management reports to the GRC and RMC at least quarterly on material credit risk matters, including material credit transactions,
compliance with limits, portfolio trends, impaired loans and credit loss provisioning levels. Provision for (reversal of) credit losses is reviewed by the
RMC and the Audit Committee quarterly.
Specific to the management of credit risk, Risk Management is mandated to provide enterprise-wide oversight of the management of credit
risk in CIBC’s credit portfolios, including the measurement, monitoring and control of credit risk and the management of credit risk models. Key
groups in Risk Management with credit risk responsibility include:
Capital Markets Risk Management: This group is responsible for independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of traded and
non-traded market risk, liquidity risk and trading credit risk, including adjudication of trading credit facilities for banks, non-bank financial entities,
prime brokerage clients and central clearing counterparties. In addition, Capital Markets Risk Management is responsible for the risk management
of sovereign and country risk, securitizations and the oversight of the Global Collateral Finance framework covering repos and securities lending.
Global Credit Risk Management: This group is responsible for the adjudication and oversight of credit risks associated with our commercial,
corporate, small business and wealth management credit portfolios, management of the risks in our investment portfolios, as well as management of
special loan portfolios.
Global Operational and Enterprise Risk Management: This group includes the following teams:
Model Validation: responsible for the oversight of model validation practices. Model validation constitutes the independent set of processes,
activities and ongoing documentary evidence that models and parameters are sound and CIBC can rely on their output.
Model Quantification: responsible for the design, development and continuous improvement to risk rating methodologies and credit models
that support credit adjudication and expected credit losses, across corporate commercial, personal and business lending segments.
Enterprise Risk Management is responsible for enterprise-wide reporting and analysis, including enterprise-wide stress testing, expected
credit losses, risk data systems and economic capital.
Risk Regulatory Initiatives is responsible for oversight, governance and delivery of regulatory and strategic initiatives and large enterprise-wide
regulatory initiatives.
Environmental Risk Management has responsibility for developing the environmental strategy, setting environmental performance standards
and targets, and reporting on performance for material indicators.
Risk Analytics and Credit Decisioning: This group manages credit risk in personal products offered through the various distribution channels
(e.g., residential mortgages, credit cards, personal loans/lines of credit and indirect auto lending) and performs analytics to optimize retail credit
performance, along with collections and AML outcomes.
U.S. Risk Management: This group carries out the mandate of CIBC Risk Management at a regional level and provides independent oversight of
the identification, management, measurement, monitoring and control of credit risks in the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management SBU.
Adjudication and oversight above delegated levels is provided by the CRO, GRC and RMC.
Policies
To control credit risk, prudent credit risk management principles are used as a base to establish policies, standards and guidelines that govern
credit activities as outlined by the credit risk management policy.
The credit risk management policy supplements CIBC’s risk management framework and risk appetite framework, and together with
CIBC’s portfolio concentration limits for credit exposures, CIBC’s common risk/concentration risk limits for credit exposures, and other
supporting credit risk policies, standards and procedures, assists CIBC in achieving its desired risk profile by providing an effective foundation
for the management of credit risk.
Credit risk limits
The RMC approves Board limits, and exposures above Board limits require reporting to, or approval of, the RMC. Management limits are
approved by the CRO. Usage is monitored to ensure risks are within allocated management and Board limits. Exposures above management
limits require the approval of the CRO. Business lines may also impose lower limits to reflect the nature of their exposures and target markets.
This tiering of limits provides for an appropriate hierarchy of decision making and reporting between management and the RMC. Credit approval
authority flows from the Board and is further cascaded to officers in writing. The Board’s Investment and Lending Authority Resolution sets
thresholds above which credit exposures require reporting to, or approval of, the RMC, ensuring an increasing level of oversight for credit
exposures of higher risk. CIBC maintains country limits to control exposures within countries outside of Canada and the U.S.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 59
Management’s discussion and analysis
Credit concentration limits
At a bank-wide level, credit exposures are managed to promote alignment to our risk appetite statement, to maintain the target business mix and
to ensure that there is no undue concentration of risk. We set limits to control borrower concentrations by risk-rating band for large exposures
(i.e., risk-rated credits). Direct loan sales, credit derivative hedges, or structured transactions may also be used to reduce concentrations. We
also have a set of portfolio concentration limits in place to control exposures by country, industry, product and activity. Further, our policies
require limits to be established as appropriate for new initiatives and implementation of strategies involving material levels of credit risk.
Concentration limits represent the maximum exposure levels we wish to hold on our books. In the normal course, it is expected that exposures
will be held at levels below the maximums. The credit concentration limits are reviewed and approved by the RMC at least annually.
Credit concentration limits are also applied to our retail lending portfolios to mitigate concentration risk. We not only have concentration
limits applied to individual borrowers and geographic regions, but also to different types of credit facilities, such as unsecured credits. In
addition, we limit the maximum insured mortgage exposure to private insurers in order to reduce counterparty risk.
Credit risk mitigation
We may mitigate credit risk by obtaining a pledge of collateral, which improves recoveries in the event of a default. Our credit risk management
policies include verification of the collateral and its value and ensuring that we have legal certainty with respect to the assets pledged.
Valuations are updated periodically depending on the nature of the collateral, legal environment, and the creditworthiness of the counterparty.
The main types of collateral include: (i) cash or marketable securities for securities lending and repurchase transactions; (ii) cash or marketable
securities taken as collateral in support of our OTC derivatives activity; (iii) charges over operating assets such as inventory, receivables and
real estate properties for lending to small business and commercial borrowers; and (iv) mortgages over residential properties for retail lending.
In certain circumstances we may use third-party guarantees to mitigate risk. We also obtain insurance to reduce the risk in our real estate
secured lending portfolios, the most material of which relates to the portion of our residential mortgage portfolio that is insured by CMHC, an
agency of the Government of Canada.
We mitigate the trading credit risk of OTC derivatives, securities lending and repurchase transactions with counterparties by employing the
International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreement, as well as Credit Support Annexes (CSAs) or similar master and
collateral agreements. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for additional details on the risks related to the use of derivatives
and how we manage these risks.
ISDA Master Agreements and similar master and collateral agreements, such as the Global Master Repurchase Agreement and Global
Master Securities Lending Agreement, facilitate cross transaction payments, prescribe close-out netting processes, and define the
counterparties’ contractual trading relationship. In addition, the agreements formalize non-transaction-specific terms. Master agreements serve
to mitigate our credit risk by outlining default and termination events, which enable parties to close out of all outstanding transactions in the case
of a negative credit event on either party’s side. The mechanism for calculating termination costs in the event of a close-out are outlined in the
master agreement; this allows for the efficient calculation of a single net obligation of one party to another.
CSAs and other collateral agreements are often included in ISDA Master Agreements or similar master agreements governing securities
lending and repurchase transactions. They mitigate CCR by providing for the exchange of collateral between parties when a party’s exposure to
the other exceeds agreed upon thresholds, subject to a minimum transfer amount. CSAs and other collateral agreements that operate with
master agreements also designate acceptable collateral types, and set out rules for re-hypothecation and interest calculation on collateral.
Collateral types permitted under CSAs and other master agreements are set through our trading credit risk management documentation
procedures. These procedures include requirements around collateral type concentrations.
Consistent with global initiatives to improve resilience in the financial system, we clear derivatives through central counterparties (CCPs)
where feasible. Credit derivatives may be used to reduce industry sector concentrations and single-name exposure.
Forbearance techniques
We employ forbearance techniques to manage client relationships and to minimize credit losses due to default, foreclosure or repossession. In
certain circumstances, it may be necessary to modify a loan for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, reducing the potential of default.
Total debt restructurings are subject to our normal quarterly impairment review which considers, amongst other factors, covenants and/or payment
delinquencies. Loan loss provisions are adjusted as appropriate.
In retail lending, forbearance techniques include interest capitalization, amortization amendments and debt consolidations. We have a set of
eligibility criteria that allow our Client Account Management team to determine suitable remediation strategies and propose products based on each
borrower’s situation.
The solutions available to corporate and commercial clients vary based on the individual nature of the client’s situation and are undertaken
selectively where it has been determined that the client has or is likely to have repayment difficulties servicing its obligations. Covenants often reveal
changes in the client’s financial situation before there is a change in payment behaviour and typically allow for a right to reprice or accelerate
payments. Solutions may be temporary in nature or may involve other special management options.
Process and control
The credit approval process is managed by Risk Management and Retail Operations, with all significant credit requests submitted subject to
adjudication independent of the originating businesses. Approval authorities are a function of the risk and amount of credit requested. In certain
cases, credit requests must be escalated to senior management, the CRO, or to the RMC for approval.
After initial approval, individual credit exposures continue to be monitored. A formal risk assessment is completed at least annually for all
risk-rated accounts, including review of assigned ratings. Higher risk-rated accounts are subject to closer monitoring and are reviewed at least
quarterly. Collections and specialized loan workout groups handle the day-to-day management of high-risk loans to maximize recoveries.
Risk measurement
Exposures subject to IRB approaches
Under the IRB approaches, we are required to categorize exposures to credit risk into broad classes of assets with different underlying risk
characteristics. This asset categorization may differ from the presentation in our consolidated financial statements. Under the IRB approaches,
credit risk is measured using the following three key risk parameters :
PD – the probability that the obligor will default within the next 12 months.
EAD – the estimate of the amount that will be drawn at the time of default.
LGD – the expected severity of loss as the result of the default, expressed as a percentage of the EAD.
(1)
60 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Exposures under the IRB approaches can be further differentiated into two categories, AIRB and FIRB. For portfolios subject to the AIRB
approach, PD, LGD and EAD are internal estimates. Certain portfolios are prescribed to use the FIRB approach, where LGD and EAD are
regulatory defined parameters. Our credit risk exposures are divided into business and government and retail portfolios. Regulatory models
used to measure credit risk exposure under the IRB approach are subject to CIBC’s model risk management process.
(1) These parameters differ from those used in the calculation of ECL under IFRS 9. See the “Accounting and control matters” section for further details.
Business and government portfolios (excluding scored small business) – risk-rating method
The portfolios comprise exposures to corporate, sovereign, and bank obligors. Our adjudication process and criteria includes assigning an obligor
rating that reflects our estimate of the financial strength of the borrower, and a facility rating or LGD rating that reflects the collateral amount and
quality applicable to secured exposures, the seniority position of the claim, and the capital structure of the borrower for unsecured exposures.
The obligor rating takes into consideration our financial assessment of the obligor, the industry, and the economic environment of the region
in which the obligor operates. Where a guarantee from a third-party exists, both the obligor and the guarantor will be assessed. While our obligor
rating is determined independently of external ratings for the obligor, our risk-rating methodology includes a review of those external ratings.
CIBC employs a 20-point master internal obligor default rating scale that broadly maps to external agencies’ ratings as presented in the
table below.
Grade
Investment grade
Non-investment grade
Watch list
Default
CIBC
rating
00–47
51–67
70–80
90
S&P
equivalent
AAA to BBB-
BB+ to B-
CCC+ to C
D
Moody’s
equivalent
Aaa to Baa3
Ba1 to B3
Caa1 to Ca
C
We use quantitative modelling techniques to assist in the development of internal risk-rating systems. The risk-rating systems have been
developed through analysis of internal and external credit risk data, supplemented with expert judgment. The risk ratings are used for portfolio
management, risk limit setting, product pricing, and in the determination of regulatory and economic capital.
Our credit process is designed to ensure that we approve applications and extend credit only where we believe that our client has the
ability to repay according to the agreed terms and conditions.
Our credit framework of policies and limits defines our appetite for exposure to any single name or group of related borrowers, which is a
function of the internal risk rating. We generally extend new credit only to borrowers in the investment and non-investment grade categories
noted above. Our credit policies are also defined to manage our exposure to concentration in borrowers in any particular industry or region.
In accordance with our process, each obligor is assigned an obligor default rating and the assigned rating is mapped to a PD estimate that
represents a long-run average one-year default likelihood. For corporate obligors, PD estimates are calculated using joint maximum likelihood
techniques based on our internal default rate history by rating category and longer dated external default rates as a proxy for the credit cycle to
arrive at long-run average PD estimates. Estimates drawn from third-party statistical default prediction models are used to supplement the
internal default data for some rating bands where internal data is sparse. For small and medium corporate enterprises, PD estimates are
developed using only internal default history. For bank and sovereign obligors, PD estimates are derived from an analysis based on external
default data sets and supplemented with internal data where possible. We examine several different estimation methodologies and compare
results across the different techniques. In addition, we apply the same techniques and estimation methodologies to analogous corporate default
data and compare the results for banks and sovereigns to the corporate estimates for each technique. A regulatory floor is applied to PD
estimates for corporate and bank obligors.
Each facility is assigned an LGD rating and each assigned rating is mapped to an LGD estimate that considers economic downturn
conditions. For corporate obligors subject to the AIRB approach, LGD estimates are primarily derived from internal historical recovery data. Time
to resolution is typically one to two years for most corporate obligors, and one to four years in the real estate sector. LGD values are based on
discounted post-default cash flows for resolved accounts and include material direct and indirect costs associated with collections. External
data is used in some cases to supplement our analysis. Economic downturn periods are identified for each portfolio by examining the history of
actual losses, default rates and LGD. For sovereign exposures, LGD estimates are primarily driven by expert judgment supplemented with
external data and benchmarks where available. Appropriate adjustments are made to LGD estimates to account for various uncertainties
associated with estimation techniques and data limitations, including adjustments for unresolved accounts. For obligors subjected to the FIRB
approach, LGD is a regulatory prescribed calculation.
EAD is estimated based on the current exposure to the obligor together with possible future changes in that exposure. For obligors subject
to the AIRB approach, internal EAD estimates are driven by factors such as the available undrawn credit commitment amount and the obligor
default rating. EAD estimates are primarily based on internal historical loss data supplemented with comparable external data. Economic
downturn periods are identified for each portfolio by examining the historical default rates and actual EAD factors. For obligors subjected to the
FIRB approach, EAD is a regulatory prescribed calculation.
Appropriate adjustments are made to internal PD, LGD and EAD estimates to account for various uncertainties associated with estimation
techniques and data limitations, including adjustments for unresolved accounts (for LGD).
Regulatory capital slotting approach is used for part of our uninsured Canadian commercial mortgage portfolio, which comprises
non-residential mortgages and multi-family residential mortgages. These exposures are individually rated on our rating scale using a risk-rating
methodology that considers the property’s key attributes, which include its loan-to-value (LTV) and debt service ratios, the quality of the
property, and the financial strength of the owner/sponsor. All exposures are secured by a lien over the property. In addition, we have insured
multi-family residential mortgages, which are not treated under the slotting approach, but are instead treated as sovereign exposures.
Retail portfolios
Retail portfolios are characterized by a large number of relatively small exposures. They comprise: real estate secured personal lending
(residential mortgages and personal loans and lines secured by residential property); qualifying revolving retail exposures (credit cards,
overdrafts and unsecured lines of credit); and other retail exposures (loans secured by non-residential assets, unsecured loans, and scored
small business loans).
We use scoring models in the adjudication of new retail credit exposures, which are based on statistical methods of analyzing the unique
characteristics of the borrower, to estimate future behaviour. In developing our models, we use internal historical information from previous
borrowers, as well as information from external sources, such as credit bureaus. The use of credit scoring models allows for consistent assessment
across borrowers. There are specific guidelines in place for each product, and our adjudication decision will take into account the characteristics of
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 61
Management’s discussion and analysis
the borrower, any guarantors, and the quality and sufficiency of the collateral pledged (if any). The lending process will include documentation of,
where appropriate, satisfactory identification, proof of income, independent appraisal of the collateral and registration of security.
Retail portfolios are managed as pools of homogeneous risk exposures, using external credit bureau scores and/or other behavioural
assessments to group exposures according to similar credit risk profiles. These pools are established through statistical techniques.
Characteristics used to group individual exposures vary by asset category; as a result, the number of pools, their size, and the statistical
techniques applied to their management differ accordingly.
The following table maps the PD bands to various risk levels:
Risk level
Exceptionally low
Very low
Low
Medium
High
Default
PD bands
0.01%–0.20%
0.21%–0.50%
0.51%–2.00%
2.01%–10.00%
10.01%–99.99%
100%
For the purposes of the AIRB approach for retail portfolios, additional PD, LGD and EAD segmentation into homogeneous risk exposures is
established through statistical techniques. The principal statistical estimation technique is decision trees benchmarked against alternative
techniques such as regression and random forests.
Within real estate secured lending, we have two key parameter estimation models: mortgages and real estate secured personal lines of
credit. Within qualifying revolving retail, we have three key parameter estimation models: credit cards, overdraft, and unsecured personal lines.
A small percentage of credit cards, overdraft, and unsecured line accounts that do not satisfy the requirements for qualifying revolving retail are
grouped into other retail parameter models. Within other retail, we have three key parameter models: margin lending, personal loans, and scored
small business loans. Each parameter model pools accounts according to characteristics such as: delinquency, current credit bureau score,
internal behaviour score, estimated current LTV ratio, account type, account age, utilization, transactor/revolver, outstanding balance, or
authorized limit.
PD is estimated as the average default rate over an extended period based on internal historical data, generally for a 5-to-10-year period,
which is adjusted using internal historical data on default rates over a longer period or comparable external data that includes a period of stress.
A regulatory floor is applied to our PD estimate for all retail exposures with the exception of insured mortgages and government-guaranteed
loans. A higher regulatory floor is applied to qualifying revolving transactors.
LGD is estimated based on observed recovery rates over an extended period using internal historical data. In determining our LGD
estimate, we exclude any accounts that have not had enough time since default for the substantial majority of expected recovery to occur. This
recovery period is product-specific and is typically in the range of 1 to 3 years. Accounts that cure from default and return to good standing are
considered to have zero loss. We simulate the loss rate in a significant downturn based on the relationship(s) between LGD and one or more of
the following: PD; housing prices, cure rate, and recovery time; or observed LGD in periods with above-average loss rates. We apply
appropriate adjustments to address various types of estimation uncertainty including sampling error and trending. A regulatory floor is applied to
all real estate secured exposures with the exception of insured mortgages. Higher regulatory floors are applied to unsecured accounts.
EAD for revolving products is estimated as a percentage of the authorized credit limit based on the observed EAD rates over an extended
period using historical data. We simulate the EAD rate in a significant downturn based on the relationship(s) between the EAD rate and PD and/
or the observed EAD rate in periods with above-average EAD rates. For term loan products, EAD is set equal to the outstanding balance.
A regulatory floor is applied to the percentage of the undrawn exposure that is included in EAD.
We apply appropriate adjustments to PD, LGD and EAD to address various types of estimation uncertainty including sampling error and
trending.
Back-testing
We monitor the three key risk parameters – PD, EAD and LGD – on a quarterly basis for our business and government portfolios and on a
monthly basis for our retail portfolios. Every quarter, the back-testing results are reported to OSFI and are presented to the business and Risk
Management senior management for review and challenge. For each parameter, we identify any portfolios whose realized values are
significantly above or significantly below expectations and then test to see if this deviation is explainable by changes in the economy. If the
results indicate that a parameter model may be losing its predictive power, we prioritize that model for review and update.
Stress testing
As part of our regular credit portfolio management process, we conduct stress testing and scenario analyses on our portfolio to quantitatively
assess the impact of various historical, as well as hypothetical, stressed conditions, versus limits determined in accordance with our risk
appetite. Scenarios are selected to test our exposures to specific industries (e.g., oil and gas and real estate), products (e.g., mortgages and
cards), or geographic regions (e.g., Europe and the Caribbean). Results from stress testing are a key input into management decision making,
including the determination of limits and strategies for managing our credit exposure. See the “Real estate secured personal lending” section for
further discussion on our residential mortgage portfolio stress testing.
62 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Exposure to credit risk
The portfolios are categorized based upon how we manage the business and the associated risks. Gross credit exposure amounts presented in
the table below represent our estimate of EAD, which is net of derivative master netting agreements and CVA but is before allowance for credit
losses or credit risk mitigation for IRB approaches. Gross credit exposure amounts relating to our business and government portfolios are
reduced for collateral held for repo-style transactions, which reflects the EAD value of such collateral. Non-trading equity exposures are not
included in the table below as they have been deemed immaterial under the OSFI guidelines, and hence are subject to 100% risk-weighting.
IRB
approach (1)
Standardized
approach
2023
Total
AIRB
approach
Standardized
approach
2022
Total
$ millions, as at October 31
Business and government portfolios
Corporate (2)
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Repo-style transactions (3)
Other off-balance sheet
(3)
OTC derivatives
Sovereign
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Repo-style transactions (3)
Other off-balance sheet (3)
OTC derivatives
Banks
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Repo-style transactions (3)
Other off-balance sheet (3)
OTC derivatives
Gross business and government portfolios
Less: collateral held for repo-style transactions (3)
Net business and government portfolios
Retail portfolios
Real estate secured personal lending
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Qualifying revolving retail (4)
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Other off-balance sheet
Other retail (4)
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Other off-balance sheet
Small and medium enterprises (SME) retail (4)
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Other off-balance sheet
Total retail portfolios
Securitization exposures (2)(5)
Gross credit exposure (6)
Less: collateral held for repo-style transactions (3)
Net credit exposure (6)
$
$
139,744
49,460
262,175
12,527
8,921
472,827
$
48,032 $
9,388
–
752
128
58,300
187,776 $
58,848
262,175
13,279
9,049
531,127
197,602
9,226
31,203
1,719
2,444
242,194
13,247
410
46,889
1,421
6,335
68,302
841,623
325,118
516,505
290,761
39,233
329,994
22,515
64,971
501
87,987
15,455
2,233
4
17,692
166,226
8,956
31,203
1,538
2,444
210,367
12,396
407
46,889
1,417
6,323
67,432
750,626
325,118
425,508
285,019
39,210
324,229
18,277
61,231
385
79,893
14,423
2,170
4
16,597
3,066
1,235
24
4,325
425,044
24,171
1,199,841
325,118
874,723
31,376
270
–
181
–
31,827
851
3
–
4
12
870
90,997
–
90,997
5,742
23
5,765
4,238
3,740
116
8,094
1,032
63
–
1,095
–
–
–
–
14,954
13,870
119,821
–
$ 119,821 $
151,361 $
64,470
185,680
14,181
13,094
428,786
149,200
8,560
24,228
2,421
2,475
186,884
14,151
1,297
46,155
74,748
6,287
142,638
758,308
237,484
520,824
281,518
38,038
319,556
18,034
58,471
375
76,880
17,519
3,308
45
20,872
45,924 $
10,142
–
831
98
56,995
197,285
74,612
185,680
15,012
13,192
485,781
28,680
–
–
–
–
28,680
1,548
18
–
–
12
1,578
87,253
–
87,253
5,491
–
5,491
–
–
–
–
5,099
28
121
5,248
177,880
8,560
24,228
2,421
2,475
215,564
15,699
1,315
46,155
74,748
6,299
144,216
845,561
237,484
608,077
287,009
38,038
325,047
18,034
58,471
375
76,880
22,618
3,336
166
26,120
3,066
1,235
24
4,325
439,998
38,041
1,319,662
325,118
994,544 $
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
428,047
417,308
18,590
15,333
1,292,198
1,190,949
237,484
237,484
953,465 $ 101,249 $ 1,054,714
–
–
–
–
10,739
3,257
101,249
–
(1) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the AIRB approach and the FIRB approach.
(2) Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, includes a change in methodology that resulted in certain exposures previously subject to AIRB, now being included under the
standardized securitization approach.
(3) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, as part of the implementation of the Basel III reforms, certain exposures in which we act as a guarantor were prospectively
reclassified from other off-balance sheet to repo-style transactions with the inclusion of the collateral held now included in collateral held for repo-style transactions.
(4) 2022 amounts reported in other retail include certain qualifying revolving retail and SME retail.
(5) OSFI guidelines define a hierarchy of approaches for treating securitization exposures in our banking book. Depending on the underlying characteristics, exposures
are eligible for either the SA or the IRB approach. The SEC-ERBA, which is inclusive of SEC-IAA, includes exposures that qualify for the IRB approach, as well as
exposures under the SA.
(6) Excludes exposures arising from derivative and repo-style transactions which are cleared through qualified central counterparties (QCCPs) as well as credit risk
exposures arising from other assets that are subject to the credit risk framework, including other balance sheet assets which are risk-weighted at 100%, significant
investments in the capital of non-financial institutions which are risk-weighted at 1250%, settlement risk, and amounts below the thresholds for deduction which are
risk-weighted at 250%. Non-trading equity exposures are also excluded and are subject to a range of risk-weightings dependent on the nature of the security starting
in the second quarter of 2023. Risk-weighting for non-trading equity securities was at 100% prior to the second quarter of 2023.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 63
Management’s discussion and analysis
Exposures subject to the standardized approach(1)
Exposures within CIBC Bank USA, CIBC FirstCaribbean, the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, and certain exposures to
individuals for non-business purposes are subject to the standardized approach. The standardized approach utilizes a set of risk weightings
defined by the regulators, as opposed to the more data intensive IRB approach. A detailed breakdown of our net credit risk exposures under
(2)
the standardized approach by risk-weight category is provided below.
$ millions, as at October 31
Risk-weight category
Corporate
Sovereign
Banks
Real estate secured personal lending
Other retail
$
$
$
0%
–
26,715
–
–
–
76–100% 101–150% >150%
$ –
$ 46,928
–
1,083
–
15
–
105
–
346
$ 26,715 $ 11,032 $ 4,313 $ 8,402 $ 48,477
$ 6,795
106
23
16
72
$ 7,012
51–75%
$ 4,577
–
–
336
3,489
21–50%
–
378
66
3,869
–
1–20%
–
3,545
766
1,439
5,282
$
2023
2022
Total
Total
$ 56,995
58,300
28,680
31,827
1,578
870
5,491
5,765
5,248
9,189
$ – $ 105,951 $ 97,992
(1) See the “Securitization exposures” section for securitization exposures that are subject to the standardized approach, which are excluded from this table.
(2) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the AIRB approach and the FIRB approach.
We use credit ratings from S&P and Moody’s to calculate credit risk RWA for certain exposures under the standardized approach, including
securities issued by sovereigns and their central banks (sovereigns), banks and corporates, and deposits with sovereigns and banks. This includes
S&P and Moody’s issuer-specific credit ratings for securities issued by sovereigns and corporates, the S&P country credit rating for the country of
incorporation for securities issued by banks, and deposits with banks, and the S&P country credit rating for deposits with central banks. The RWA
calculated using credit ratings from these agencies represents 0.8% of credit risk RWA under the standardized approach.
Trading credit exposures
We have trading credit exposure (also called counterparty credit exposure) that arises from our OTC derivatives and our repo-style transactions.
The nature of our derivatives exposure and how it is mitigated is further explained in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. Our repo-
style transactions consist of our securities bought or sold under repurchase agreements, and our securities borrowing and lending activity.
The PD of our counterparties is estimated using models consistent with the models used for our direct lending activity, or as prescribed.
Due to the fluctuations in the market values of interest rates, exchange rates, and equity and commodity prices, counterparty credit exposure
cannot be quantified with certainty at the inception of the trade. Counterparty credit exposure is estimated using the current fair value of the
exposure, plus an estimate of the maximum potential future exposure due to changes in the fair value. Credit risk associated with these
counterparties is managed within the same process as our lending business, and for the purposes of credit adjudication, the exposure is
aggregated with any exposure arising from our lending business. The majority of our counterparty credit exposure benefits from the credit risk
mitigation techniques discussed above, including daily re-margining, and posting of collateral.
We are also exposed to wrong-way risk. Specific wrong-way risk arises when CIBC receives financial collateral issued (or an underlying
reference obligation of a transaction is issued) by the counterparty itself, or by a related entity that would be considered to be part of the same
common risk group. General wrong-way risk arises when the exposure and/or collateral pledged to CIBC is highly correlated to that of the
counterparty. Exposure to wrong-way risk with derivative counterparties is monitored by Capital Markets Risk Management. Where we may be
exposed to wrong-way risk, our adjudication procedures subject those transactions to a more rigorous approval process. The exposure may be
hedged with other derivatives to further mitigate the risk that can arise from these transactions.
We establish a CVA for expected future credit losses from each of our derivative counterparties. The expected future credit loss is a
function of our estimates of the PD, the estimated loss in the event of default, and other factors such as risk mitigants.
Rating profile of OTC derivative mark-to-market (MTM) receivables
$ billions, as at October 31
Investment grade
Non-investment grade
Watch list
Default
Unrated
2023
2022
Exposure
(1)
$ 8.04
0.92
0.01
–
–
$ 8.97
89.6 %
10.3
0.1
–
–
100.0 %
$ 11.18
2.87
0.09
–
–
$ 14.14
79.1 %
20.3
0.6
–
–
100.0 %
(1) MTM of the OTC derivative contracts is after the impact of master netting agreements, but before any collateral.
Concentration of exposures
Concentration of credit risk exists when a number of obligors are engaged in similar activities, or operate in the same geographic areas or
industry sectors, and have similar economic characteristics so that their ability to meet contractual obligations is similarly affected by changes in
economic, political, or other conditions.
64 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Geographic distribution (2)
The following table provides a geographic distribution of our business and government exposures under the IRB approach, net of collateral
held for repo-style transactions.
(3)
(1)
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
Drawn
Undrawn commitments
Repo-style transactions
Other off-balance sheet
OTC derivatives
Canada
$ 188,602
39,658
5,065 (5)
8,168 (5)
9,789
U.S.
Europe
Other
Total
$ 100,653 (4)
13,408
4,904 (5)
5,111 (5)
4,179
$ 14,733
3,815
2,612 (5)
1,587 (5)
2,183
$ 14,378
1,942
2,568
616
1,537
$ 318,366
58,823
15,149
15,482
17,688
$ 251,282
$ 128,255
$ 24,930
$ 21,041
$ 425,508
October 31, 2022
$ 341,917
$ 125,602
$ 29,227
$ 24,078
$ 520,824
(1) Excludes securitization exposures, and exposures under the SA. Substantially all of our retail exposures under the AIRB approach are based in Canada.
(2) Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer.
(3) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the AIRB approach and the FIRB approach.
(4) Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, excludes certain exposures previously subject to AIRB, now included under the standardized securitization approach pursuant to
a change in methodology.
(5) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, as part of the implementation of the Basel III reforms, certain exposures in which we act as a guarantor were prospectively
reclassified from other off-balance sheet to repo-style transactions with the inclusion of the collateral held now included in collateral held for repo-style transactions.
Business and government exposure by industry groups(1)
The following table provides an industry-wide breakdown of our business and government exposures under the IRB approach, net of collateral
held for repo-style transactions.
(2)
$ millions, as at October 31
Commercial mortgages
Financial institutions
Retail and wholesale
Business services
Manufacturing – capital goods
Manufacturing – consumer goods
Real estate and construction
Agriculture
Oil and gas
Mining
Forest products
Hardware and software
Telecommunications and cable
Broadcasting, publishing and printing
Transportation
Utilities
Education, health, and social services
Governments
$
Drawn
7,819
72,497
9,489
8,778
3,714
5,204
42,135
8,137
3,312
1,748
348
3,801
2,448
372
6,057
18,019
3,942
120,546
Undrawn
commitments
Repo-style
transactions (3)
Other off-
balance sheet (3)
OTC
derivatives
2023
Total
$
6
8,348
3,763
2,810
1,877
1,642
10,700
2,054
3,571
2,017
445
1,908
689
85
3,058
8,293
1,532
6,025
$
–
14,683
–
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
464
$
–
4,398
449
810
269
224
1,809
42
612
833
184
70
255
8
308
4,288
241
682
$
– $
7,825 $
10,348
170
185
179
125
501
35
1,990
265
54
86
297
6
698
735
20
1,994
110,274
13,871
12,585
6,039
7,195
55,145
10,268
9,485
4,863
1,031
5,865
3,689
471
10,121
31,335
5,735
129,711
2022
Total
9,108
215,049
14,856
13,701
6,906
7,682
51,900
10,252
15,208
6,622
1,353
4,996
4,116
593
10,393
32,048
5,609
110,432
$ 318,366
$ 58,823
$ 15,149
$ 15,482
$ 17,688 $ 425,508 $ 520,824
(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, excludes certain exposures previously subject to AIRB, now included under the standardized securitization approach pursuant to
a change in methodology.
(2) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the AIRB approach and the FIRB approach.
(3) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, as part of the implementation of the Basel III reforms, certain exposures in which we act as a guarantor were prospectively
reclassified from other off-balance sheet to repo-style transactions with the inclusion of the collateral held now included in collateral held for repo-style transactions.
As part of our risk mitigation strategy, we may use credit protection purchases as a hedge against customer or industry sector concentration. As at
October 31, 2023, we had no credit protection purchased (2022: nil) related to our business and government loans.
Credit quality of portfolios
Credit quality of the retail portfolios
The following table presents the credit quality of our retail portfolios under the IRB approach.
(1)
$ millions, as at October 31
Risk level
Exceptionally low
Very low
Low
Medium
High
Default
Real estate secured
personal lending
EAD
Qualifying
revolving retail
$ 246,607
41,524
28,743
6,102
759
494
$ 324,229
$ 51,322
8,660
11,533
6,935
1,376
67
$ 79,893
$
Other
retail
2,691
3,527
7,057
2,231
1,022
69
$
SME
retail
537
1,007
2,106
308
328
39
2023
2022
Total
Total
$ 301,157
54,718
49,439
15,576
3,485
669
$ 294,074
55,713
52,062
12,243
2,792
424
$ 16,597
$ 4,325
$ 425,044
$ 417,308
(1) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the AIRB approach and the FIRB approach.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 65
Management’s discussion and analysis
Securitization exposures(1)
The following table provides details on securitization exposures in our banking book, by credit rating.
$ millions, as at October 31
(2)
Exposures under the IRB approach
S&P rating equivalent
AAA to BBB-
BB+ to BB-
Below BB-
Unrated
Exposures under the standardized approach
Total securitization exposures
2023
2022
EAD
$ 24,171
–
–
–
24,171
13,870
$ 15,333
–
–
–
15,333
3,257
$ 38,041
$ 18,590
(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, includes a change in methodology that resulted in certain exposures previously subject to AIRB, now being included under the
standardized securitization approach.
(2) Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the AIRB approach and the FIRB approach.
Government lending programs in response to COVID-19
In 2020, the Government of Canada launched a number of lending programs to provide credit and financing to businesses during the COVID-19
pandemic. CIBC participated in a number of those programs, including the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) program with Export
Development Canada (EDC). Loans advanced under the CEBA program are not recognized on our consolidated balance sheet because they are
funded by EDC and all of the resulting cash flows and associated risks and rewards, including any exposure to payment defaults and principal
forgiveness, are assumed by EDC. As at October 31, 2023, loans of $3.5 billion (2022: $4.1 billion), net of repayments, have been provided to our
clients under the CEBA. Funded loans outstanding on our consolidated balance sheet under other Canadian lending programs for businesses that
commenced during the pandemic were $0.3 billion (2022: $0.4 billion).
Real estate secured personal lending
Real estate secured personal lending comprises residential mortgages, and personal loans and lines secured by residential property (HELOC). This
portfolio is lower risk compared with other retail portfolios, as we have a first charge on the majority of the properties and a second lien on only a
small portion of the portfolio. We use the same lending criteria in the adjudication of both first lien and second lien loans.
Under the Bank Act (Canada), banks are limited to providing residential real estate loans of no more than 80% of the collateral value. An
exception is made for mortgage loans with a higher LTV ratio if they are insured by either CMHC or a private mortgage insurer. Mortgage insurance
protects banks from the risk of default by the borrower, over the term of the coverage. Mortgage insurers are subject to regulatory capital
requirements, which aim to ensure that they are well capitalized. If a private mortgage insurer becomes insolvent, the Government of Canada has,
provided certain conditions are met, obligations in respect of policies underwritten by certain insolvent private mortgage insurers as more fully
described in the Protection of Residential Mortgage or Hypothecary Insurance Act (PRMHIA). There is a possibility that losses could be incurred in
respect of insured mortgages if, among other things, CMHC or the applicable private mortgage insurer denies a claim, or further, if a private
mortgage insurer becomes insolvent and either the conditions under the PRMHIA are not met or the Government of Canada denies the claim.
The following disclosures are required by OSFI pursuant to the Guideline B-20 “Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures”
(Guideline B-20).
The following table provides details on our residential mortgage and HELOC portfolios:
$ billions, as at October 31, 2023
(3)
Ontario
British Columbia and territories (4)
Alberta
Quebec
Central prairie provinces
Atlantic provinces
Canadian portfolio
U.S. portfolio
Other international portfolio (5)
(6)
(5)
(5)
Total portfolio
October 31, 2022
Residential mortgages (1)
HELOC (2)
Total
Insured
Uninsured
Uninsured
Insured
Uninsured
$ 19.5
6.4
10.9
4.8
2.9
2.9
47.4
–
–
$
47.4
$ 52.6
13 % $ 129.8
12
45.5
15.5
41
17.1
22
4.4
40
6.2
32
87 %
88
59
78
60
68
$ 10.8
3.9
1.8
1.2
0.6
0.7
100 %
100
100
100
100
100
18
–
–
218.5
2.6
2.8
82
100
100
19.0
–
–
100
–
–
$ 19.5
6.4
10.9
4.8
2.9
2.9
47.4
–
–
12 % $ 140.6
11
49.4
17.3
39
18.3
21
5.0
37
6.9
30
88 %
89
61
79
63
70
17
–
–
237.5
2.6
2.8
83
100
100
17 % $ 223.9
83 %
$ 19.0
100 %
$ 47.4
16 % $ 242.9
20 % $ 214.2
80 %
$ 19.4
100 %
$ 52.6
18 % $ 233.6
84 %
82 %
(1) Balances reflect principal values.
(2) We did not have any insured HELOCs as at October 31, 2023 and 2022.
(3) Includes $8.7 billion (2022: $9.9 billion) of insured residential mortgages, $80.1 billion (2022: $77.0 billion) of uninsured residential mortgages, and $6.2 billion
(2022: $6.3 billion) of HELOCs in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).
(4) Includes $2.8 billion (2022: $3.2 billion) of insured residential mortgages, $30.9 billion (2022: $30.6 billion) of uninsured residential mortgages, and $2.5 billion
(2022: $2.5 billion) of HELOCs in the Greater Vancouver Area (GVA).
(5) Geographic location is based on the address of the property.
(6) 58% (2022: 61%) of insurance on Canadian residential mortgages is provided by CMHC and the remaining by two private Canadian insurers, both rated at least AA (low)
by DBRS.
66 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
The average LTV ratios(1) for our uninsured residential mortgages and HELOCs originated and acquired during the year are provided in the following
table:
For the year ended October 31
Ontario (2)
British Columbia and territories (3)
Alberta
Quebec
Central prairie provinces
Atlantic provinces
Canadian portfolio (4)
U.S. portfolio
(4)
Other international portfolio (4)
Residential
mortgages
2023
HELOC
Residential
mortgages
2022
HELOC
65 %
62
71
68
71
69
66
65
72 %
65 %
62
72
70
72
69
65
n/m
n/m
65 %
62
72
69
71
70
65
64
73 %
65 %
64
72
71
73
70
66
n/m
n/m
(1) LTV ratios for newly originated and acquired residential mortgages and HELOCs are calculated based on weighted average.
(2) Average LTV ratios for our uninsured GTA residential mortgages originated during the year were 65% (2022: 65%).
(3) Average LTV ratios for our uninsured GVA residential mortgages originated during the year were 61% (2022: 62%).
(4) Geographic location is based on the address of the property.
n/m Not meaningful.
The following table provides the average LTV ratios on our total Canadian residential mortgage portfolio:
October 31, 2023 (2)
October 31, 2022 (1)(2)
(1)
Insured
Uninsured
52 %
50 %
50 %
48 %
(1) LTV ratios for residential mortgages are calculated based on weighted averages. The house price estimates for October 31, 2023 and 2022 are based on the Forward
Sortation Area (FSA) level indices from the Teranet – National Bank National Composite House Price Index (Teranet) as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Teranet is an independent estimate of the rate of change in Canadian home prices.
(2) Average LTV ratio on our uninsured GTA residential mortgage portfolio was 49% (2022: 48%). Average LTV ratio on our uninsured GVA residential mortgage portfolio was
44% (2022: 44%).
The tables below summarize the remaining amortization profile of our total Canadian, U.S. and other international residential mortgages. The first
table provides the remaining amortization periods based on the minimum contractual payment amounts with the assumption that variable rate
mortgages renew at payment amounts that maintain the original amortization schedule. The second table summarizes the remaining amortization
profile of our total Canadian, U.S. and other international residential mortgages based upon current customer payment amounts.
Contractual payment basis
Canadian portfolio
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
U.S. portfolio
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
Other international portfolio
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
Current customer payment basis
Canadian portfolio
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
U.S. portfolio
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
Other international portfolio
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
0–5 years
>5–10
years
>10–15
years
>15–20
years
>20–25
years
>25–30
years
>30–35
years
>35 years
– %
– %
– %
– %
7 %
7 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
12 %
12 %
1 %
1 %
– %
– %
20 %
21 %
11 %
10 %
2 %
2 %
23 %
23 %
50 %
54 %
10 %
9 %
21 %
20 %
37 %
34 %
87 %
88 %
16 %
15 %
– %
– %
– %
– %
1 %
1 %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
1 %
0–5 years
>5–10
years
>10–15
years
>15–20
years
>20–25
years
>25–30
years
>30–35
years
>35 years (1)
1 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
7 %
7 %
3 %
3 %
2 %
2 %
12 %
12 %
6 %
5 %
7 %
6 %
20 %
21 %
13 %
13 %
8 %
9 %
23 %
23 %
31 %
31 %
11 %
10 %
21 %
20 %
22 %
17 %
71 %
72 %
16 %
15 %
2 %
4 %
– %
– %
1 %
1 %
22 %
26 %
– %
– %
– %
1 %
(1) Includes variable rate mortgages of $59.9 billion (2022: $67.5 billion), of which $42.9 billion (2022: $38.5 billion) relates to mortgages in which all of the fixed contractual
payments are currently being applied to interest based on the rates in effect at October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively, and the terms of the mortgages, with
the portion of the contractual interest requirement not met by the payments being added to the principal. Since the amortization profile reflected in this table is based on
the current amount of existing contractual payments, it does not reflect that the contractual payment amount is required to be increased at the time of renewal by the
amount necessary to reduce the amortization period down to the period in effect at the time the mortgage was originally provided.
The extended amortization profile is driven by the prime rate increases that commenced earlier in 2022, impacting clients with a variable rate
mortgage. The increase in interest rates had no impact on the remaining amortization period for fixed rate mortgages which in the current interest
rate environment are assumed to be renewed at the same or a shorter amortization period.
We have two types of condominium exposures in Canada: mortgages and developer loans. Both are primarily concentrated in the Toronto and
Vancouver areas. As at October 31, 2023, our Canadian condominium mortgages were $40.2 billion (2022: $38.7 billion), of which 18% (2022: 20%)
were insured. Our drawn developer loans were $2.2 billion (2022: $1.7 billion), or 1.1% (2022: 0.8%) of our business and government portfolio, and
our related undrawn exposure was $6.3 billion (2022: $5.9 billion). The condominium developer exposure is diversified across 121 projects.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 67
Management’s discussion and analysis
We stress test our mortgage and HELOC portfolios to determine the potential impact of different economic events. Our stress tests can use
variables such as unemployment rates, debt service ratios and housing price changes, to model potential outcomes for a given set of
circumstances. The stress testing involves variables that could behave differently in certain situations. Our main tests use economic variables in a
similar range or more conservative to historical events when Canada experienced economic downturns. Our results show that in an economic
downturn, our capital position should be sufficient to absorb mortgage and HELOC losses.
On December 17, 2021, OSFI and the Department of Finance Canada confirmed that the minimum qualifying rate for uninsured and insured
mortgages will remain the higher of: (i) the mortgage contract rate plus 2%; or (ii) 5.25% as a minimum floor.
OSFI Clarification on the Treatment of Innovative Real Estate Secured Lending Products under Guideline B-20
On June 28, 2022, OSFI released a new Advisory (Clarification on the Treatment of Innovative Real Estate Secured Lending Products under
Guideline B-20), which complements existing expectations under Guideline B-20. The Advisory articulates OSFI’s expectations regarding
underwriting practices and procedures for reverse residential mortgages, residential mortgages with shared equity features and Combined Loan
Plans (CLPs), which are applicable to all FRFIs that are engaged in residential mortgage underwriting and/or the acquisition of residential mortgage
loan assets in Canada. The changes will affect CIBC’s Home Power Plan (HPP) product, which is considered a CLP, with LTVs above 65% when
combined with related mortgage products. OSFI expects that the portion of an HPP balance above the 65% LTV limit must be amortizing and
non-readvanceable. For previously originated HPPs, principal payments on both the mortgage and HPP are required to be matched by a reduction
in the aggregate authorized limit until it reduces to a 65% LTV. OSFI expects this change to take place for existing borrowers upon the first renewal
date of their HPP mortgage after October 2023. We discontinued the origination of HPPs that do not meet these requirements in October 2023, and
are converting existing HPPs to meet the requirement.
Credit quality performance
As at October 31, 2023, total loans and acceptances after allowance for credit losses were $540.2 billion (2022: $528.7 billion). Consumer loans
(comprising residential mortgages, credit cards, and personal loans, including student loans) constitute 62% (2022: 62%) of the portfolio, and
business and government loans (including acceptances) constitute the remainder of the portfolio.
Consumer loans were up $6.6 billion or 2% from the prior year, primarily due to an increase in residential mortgages and credit cards.
Business and government loans (including acceptances) were up $4.9 billion or 2% from the prior year, mainly attributable to the impact of foreign
exchange appreciation, as well as growth in the real estate and construction, and utilities portfolios, partially offset by a decrease in business
services.
Impaired loans
The following table provides details of our impaired loans and allowance for credit losses:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
Gross impaired loans
Balance at beginning of year
Classified as impaired during the year
Transferred to performing during the year
Net repayments
(1)
Amounts written off
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of year
Allowance for credit losses – impaired loans
Net impaired loans (2)
Balance at beginning of year
Net change in gross impaired
Net change in allowance
Balance at end of year
Net impaired loans as a percentage of net loans and acceptances
Business and
government
loans
Consumer
loans
2023
Total
Business and
government
loans
Consumer
loans
2022
Total
$
920
1,842
(101)
(429)
(316)
40
$ 1,956
$
667
$
569
1,036
(316)
$ 1,289
$
823
2,053
(405)
(409)
(1,033)
5
$ 1,034
$ 1,743
3,895
(506)
(838)
(1,349)
45
$ 2,990
$
$
$
405
$ 1,072
510
211
(92)
629
$ 1,079
1,247
(408)
$ 1,918
0.36 %
$ 1,033
491
(100)
(243)
(312)
51
$ 920
$ 351
$ 525
(113)
157
$ 569
$
$
$
$
$
800
1,456
(294)
(448)
(718)
27
823
$ 1,833
1,947
(394)
(691)
(1,030)
78
$ 1,743
313
$
664
536
23
(49)
510
$ 1,061
(90)
108
$ 1,079
0.20 %
(1) Includes disposal of loans.
(2) Net impaired loans are gross impaired loans net of stage 3 allowance for credit losses.
Gross impaired loans
As at October 31, 2023, gross impaired loans were $2,990 million, up $1,247 million from the prior year, primarily due to increases in the real estate
and construction, and the retail and wholesale sectors, as well as the Canadian residential mortgages portfolio.
44% of gross impaired loans related to Canada, of which the residential mortgages and personal lending portfolios, as well as the retail and
wholesale, the education, health and social services, and the real estate and construction sectors accounted for the majority.
44% of gross impaired loans related to the U.S., of which the real estate and construction, the financial institutions, and the retail and wholesale
sectors accounted for the majority.
The remaining gross impaired loans related to CIBC FirstCaribbean, of which the residential mortgages and personal lending portfolios, as well
as the business services, and the real estate and construction sectors accounted for the majority.
See the “Supplementary annual financial information” section for additional details on the geographic distribution and industry classification of
impaired loans.
Allowance for credit losses – impaired loans
Allowance for credit losses on impaired loans was $1,072 million, up $408 million from the prior year, primarily due to increases in the real estate
and construction, and the retail and wholesale sectors, as well as the Canadian personal lending and mortgage portfolios.
68 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Loans contractually past due but not impaired
The following table provides an aging analysis of loans that are not impaired, where repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually
in arrears. Loans less than 30 days past due are excluded as such loans are not generally indicative of the borrowers’ ability to meet their
payment obligations.
$ millions, as at October 31
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card (1)
Business and government
31 to
90 days
$ 1,019
280
235
184
$ 1,718
Over
90 days
$
–
–
126
–
$ 126
2023
Total
$ 1,019
280
361
184
$ 1,844
$
2022
Total
874
247
331
256
$ 1,708
(1) For the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, the credit cards were transferred in the aging category that applied at the time of acquisition and have
continued to age to the extent a payment has not been made.
During the year, gross interest income that would have been recorded if impaired loans were treated as current was $155 million (2022: $87 million), of
which $69 million (2022: $45 million) was in Canada and $86 million (2022: $42 million) was outside Canada. During the year, interest recognized on
impaired loans was $69 million (2022: $35 million), and interest recognized on loans before being classified as impaired was $110 million
(2022: $31 million), of which $43 million (2022: $23 million) was in Canada and $67 million (2022: $8 million) was outside Canada.
Exposure to certain countries and regions
The following table provides our exposure to certain countries and regions outside of Canada and the U.S.
Our direct exposures presented in the table below comprise (A) funded – on-balance sheet loans (stated at amortized cost net of stage 3
allowance for credit losses, if any), deposits with banks (stated at amortized cost net of stage 3 allowance for credit losses, if any) and securities
(stated at carrying value); (B) unfunded – unutilized credit commitments, letters of credit, and guarantees (stated at notional amount net of stage 3
allowance for credit losses, if any); and (C) derivative MTM receivables (stated at fair value) and repo-style transactions (stated at fair value).
The following table provides a summary of our positions in these regions:
Direct exposures
Funded
Unfunded
Derivative MTM receivables
and repo-style transactions (1)
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023 Corporate Sovereign
Banks
Total
funded
(A)
Corporate Banks
Total
unfunded
(B)
Corporate Sovereign Banks
Net
exposure
(C)
Total direct
exposure
(A)+(B)+(C)
U.K.
Europe excluding U.K. (2)
Caribbean
Latin America (3)
Asia
Oceania (4)
Other
$ 8,903 $ 1,862 $ 2,986 $ 13,751 $ 6,785 $
5,757
3,228
3
3,358
1,075
121
15,425
10,515
969
8,650
9,128
386
2,570
2,119
268
4,495
1,032
–
7,098
5,168
698
797
7,021
265
6,751
1,798
471
129
3,647
530
870 $ 7,655 $
1,344
2,594
11
517
69
417
8,095
4,392
482
646
3,716
947
902
35
42
–
–
7
–
$
2 $
78
–
173
270
–
–
598 $ 1,502
583
470
127
85
173
–
978
708
30
23
–
–
$ 22,908
24,103
15,034
1,624
10,274
12,874
1,333
Total (5)
$ 29,950 $ 12,346 $ 16,528 $ 58,824 $ 20,111 $ 5,822 $ 25,933 $
986
$ 523 $ 1,884 $ 3,393
$ 88,150
October 31, 2022
$ 26,724 $ 11,093 $ 16,440 $ 54,257 $ 18,017 $ 4,591 $ 22,608 $ 1,023
$ 365 $ 1,936 $ 3,324
$ 80,189
(1) The amounts shown are net of CVA and collateral. Collateral on derivative MTM receivables was $3.4 billion (2022: $6.5 billion), collateral on repo-style transactions was
$82.1 billion (2022: $62.4 billion), and both comprise cash and investment grade debt securities.
(2) Exposures to Russia and Ukraine are de minimis.
(3) Includes Mexico, Central America and South America.
(4) Includes Australia and New Zealand.
(5) Excludes exposure of $5,293 million (2022: $4,355 million) to supranationals (a multinational organization or a political union comprising member nation-states).
U.S. office real estate exposure
Our drawn real estate and construction portfolio in the U.S. was $23,468 million as at October 31, 2023, including $4,723 million (US$3,405 million)
related to U.S. office real estate exposure. Our total drawn commercial loans outstanding related to U.S. office commercial real estate was
$5,067 million (US$3,653 million), including $344 million (US$248 million) in sectors outside of real estate and construction, out of which $913 million
(US$659 million) was impaired. The average LTV at origination of the portfolio was 60%, however values have dropped significantly due to sector
headwinds. We are closely monitoring this portfolio as conditions evolve.
Settlement risk
Settlement risk is the risk that during an agreed concurrent exchange of currency or principal payments, the counterparty will fail to make its
payment to CIBC. This risk can arise in general trading activities and from payment and settlement system participation.
Many global settlement systems offer significant risk reduction benefits through complex risk mitigation frameworks. Bilateral payment netting
agreements may be put in place to mitigate risk by reducing the aggregate settlement amount between counterparties. Further, we participate in
several North American payment and settlement systems, including a global foreign exchange multilateral netting system. We also use financial
intermediaries to access some payment and settlement systems, and for certain trades, we may utilize an established clearing house to minimize
settlement risk.
Transactions settled outside of payment and settlement systems or clearing houses require approval of credit facilities for counterparties,
either as pre-approved settlement risk limits or payment-versus-payment arrangements.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 69
Management’s discussion and analysis
Securitization activities
We engage in three types of securitization activities: we securitize assets that we originate, we securitize assets originated by third parties and we
engage in trading activities related to securitized products.
We securitize assets that we originate principally as a funding mechanism. The credit risk on the underlying assets in these transactions is
transferred to the SE, with CIBC retaining first loss exposure and other investors exposed to the remaining credit risk.
Securitization activities relating to assets originated by third parties can include the securitization of those assets through ABCP conduits (or
similar programs) that we sponsor (including both consolidated and non-consolidated SEs; see the “Off-balance sheet arrangements” section and
Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional details), or through direct exposure to a client-sponsored structured entity. Risks
associated with securitization exposures to client-originated assets are mitigated through the transaction structure, which includes credit
enhancements. For the transactions where we retain credit risk on the exposures that we hold, we earn interest income on these holdings. For the
transactions in the non-consolidated ABCP conduits, we are also exposed to liquidity risk associated with the potential inability to roll over maturing
ABCP in the market. We earn fee income for the services that we provide to these ABCP conduits.
We are also involved in the trading of asset-backed securities (ABS) and ABCP to earn income in our role as underwriter and market maker.
We are exposed to credit and market risk on the securities that we hold in inventory on a temporary basis until such securities are sold to an
investor.
Capital requirements for exposures arising from securitization activities are determined using one of the following approaches: SEC-IRBA,
SEC-ERBA, SEC-IAA, or SEC-SA.
The SEC-IAA process relies on internal risk ratings and is utilized for securitization exposures relating to ABCP conduits when external ratings
are not available for the securitization exposures but the ABCP itself is externally rated. The internal assessment process involves an evaluation of a
number of factors, including, but not limited to, pool characteristics, including asset eligibility criteria and concentration limits, transaction triggers,
the asset seller’s risk profile, servicing capabilities, and cash flow stress testing. Cash flows are stress-tested based on historical asset performance
using our internal cash flow stress testing models by asset type. These models are subject to our model risk mitigation policies and are
independently reviewed by the Model Validation team in Risk Management. The stress test factors used to determine the transaction risk profile and
required credit enhancement levels are tailored for each asset type and transaction based on the assessment of the factors described above and
are done in accordance with our internal risk rating methodologies and guidelines. Internal risk ratings are mapped to equivalent external ratings of
external credit assessment institutions (DBRS, Fitch, Moody’s and S&P) and are used to determine the appropriate risk weights for capital purposes.
Securitization exposures and underlying asset performance are monitored on an ongoing basis. Risk Management serves as a second line of
defence providing independent oversight regarding risk rating assumptions and adjudicating on the assignment of the internal risk ratings. SEC-IAA
applies to various consumer and corporate/commercial asset types in our ABCP conduits including, but not limited to, auto loans and leases,
consumer loans, credit cards, equipment loans and leases, fleet lease receivables, franchise loans, residential mortgages and residential rental
equipment.
Internal risk ratings determined for securitization exposures are also used in the estimation of ECL as required under IFRS 9, determining
economic capital, and for setting risk limits.
70 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Market risk
Market risk is the risk of economic and/or financial loss in our trading and non-trading portfolios from adverse changes in underlying market factors,
including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity market prices, commodity prices, credit spreads, and customer behaviour for retail
products. Market risk arises in CIBC’s trading and treasury activities, and encompasses all market-related positioning and market-making activity.
The trading portfolio consists of positions in financial instruments and commodities held to meet the near-term needs of our clients.
The non-trading portfolio consists of positions in various currencies that are related to ALM and investment activities.
Governance and management
Market risk is managed through the three lines of defence model. The first line of defence comprises frontline businesses and governance groups
that are responsible for managing the market risk associated with their activities.
The second line of defence is Risk Management, which has a dedicated market risk manager for each trading business, supplemented by
regional risk managers located in all of our major trading centres, facilitating comprehensive risk coverage, including the measurement, monitoring
and control of market risk.
Internal audit is the third line of defence providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the
effectiveness of CIBC’s governance practices, risk management processes, and internal control as part of its risk-based audit plan and in
accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
Senior management reports material risk matters to the GRC and RMC at least quarterly, including material transactions, limit compliance, and
portfolio trends.
Policies
We have comprehensive policies for the management of market risk. These policies are related to the identification and measurement of various
types of market risk, their inclusion in the trading portfolio, and the establishment of limits within which we monitor, manage and report our
overall exposures. Our policies also outline the requirements for the construction of valuation models, model review and validation, independent
checking of the valuation of positions, the establishment of valuation adjustments, and alignment with accounting policies including MTM and
mark-to-model methodologies.
Market risk limits
We have risk tolerance levels, expressed in terms of statistically based VaR measures, potential stress losses, and notional or other limits as
appropriate. We use a multi-tiered approach to set limits on the amounts of risk that we can assume in our trading and non-trading activities, as
follows:
Management limits control market risk for CIBC overall and are lower than the Board limits to allow for a buffer in the event of extreme
Board limits control consolidated market risk;
market moves and/or extraordinary client needs;
Tier 2 limits control market risk at the business unit level; and
Tier 3 limits control market risk at the sub-business unit or desk level.
Management limits are established by the CRO, consistent with the risk appetite statement approved by the Board. Tier 2 and Tier 3 limits are
approved at levels of management commensurate with the risk assumed.
Process and control
Market risk exposures are monitored daily against approved risk limits, and processes are in place to monitor that only authorized activities are
undertaken. We generate daily risk and limit-monitoring reports, based on the previous day’s positions. Summary market risk and limit
compliance reports are produced and reviewed periodically with the GRC and RMC.
Risk measurement
We use the following measures for market risk:
VaR enables the meaningful comparison of the risks in different businesses and asset classes. VaR is determined by the combined
modelling of VaR for each of interest rate, credit spread, equity, foreign exchange, commodity, and debt specific risks, along with the
portfolio effect arising from the interrelationship of the different risks (diversification effect):
Interest rate risk measures the impact of changes in interest rates and volatilities on cash instruments and derivatives.
Credit spread risk measures the impact of changes in credit spreads of provincial, municipal and agency bonds, sovereign bonds,
corporate bonds, securitized products, and credit derivatives such as credit default swaps.
Equity risk measures the impact of changes in equity prices and volatilities.
Foreign exchange risk measures the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and volatilities.
Commodity risk measures the impact of changes in commodity prices and volatilities, including the basis between related commodities.
Debt specific risk measures the impact of changes in the volatility of the yield of a debt instrument as compared with the volatility of
the yield of a representative bond index.
Diversification effect reflects the risk reduction achieved across various financial instrument types, counterparties, currencies and
regions. The extent of the diversification benefit depends on the correlation between the assets and risk factors in the portfolio at a
particular time.
Price sensitivity measures the change in value of a portfolio to a small change in a given underlying parameter, so that component risks
may be examined in isolation, and the portfolio rebalanced accordingly to achieve a desired exposure.
Stressed VaR enables the meaningful comparison of the risks in different businesses and asset classes under stressful conditions.
Changes to rates, prices, volatilities, and spreads over a 10-day horizon from a stressful historical period are applied to current positions to
determine stressed VaR.
IRC measures the required capital due to credit migration and default risk for debt securities held in the trading portfolios.
Back-testing validates the effectiveness of risk measurement through analysis of observed and theoretical profit and loss outcomes.
Stress testing and scenario analysis provide insight into portfolio behaviour under extreme circumstances.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 71
Management’s discussion and analysis
The following table provides balances on the consolidated balance sheet that are subject to market risk. Certain differences between accounting
and risk classifications are detailed in the footnotes below:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
2022
Subject to market risk (1)
Subject to market risk (1)
Consolidated
balance
sheet
Trading
Non-
trading
Not
subject to
market risk
Consolidated
balance
sheet
Trading
Non-
trading
Not
subject to
market risk
Non-traded risk
primary risk
sensitivity
Cash and non-interest-bearing
deposits with banks
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
Securities
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale
agreements
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Allowance for credit losses
Derivative instruments
$ 20,816 $
34,902
211,348
14,651
– $
–
65,728
–
2,777
34,902
145,620
14,651
$ 18,039
–
–
–
$ 31,535
32,326
175,879
15,326
$
–
9
50,295
–
$
3,009
32,317
125,584
15,326
$ 28,526
–
–
–
Foreign exchange
Interest rate
Interest rate, equity
Interest rate
69,213
–
69,213
–
Interest rate
80,184
–
80,184
274,244
45,587
18,538
194,870
(3,902)
33,243
–
–
–
117
–
30,756
274,244
45,587
18,538
194,753
(3,902)
2,487
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
269,706
45,429
16,479
188,542
(3,073)
43,035
–
–
–
209
–
40,048
–
2,025
269,706
45,429
16,479
188,333
(3,073)
2,987
11,574
34,294
–
–
–
–
–
–
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate,
foreign exchange
Interest rate
11,307 Interest rate, equity,
foreign exchange
–
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other assets
10,816
40,422
–
1,947
10,816
24,833
–
13,642
11,574
47,626
Deposits
Obligations related to securities
sold short
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold
under repurchase agreements
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
$ 975,719 $ 98,548 $ 845,490
$ 31,681
$ 943,597
$ 92,586
$ 811,178
$ 39,833
$ 723,376 $ 23,190
(2) $ 635,028
$ 65,158
$ 697,572
$ 17,236 (2)
$ 626,562
$ 53,774
Interest rate
18,666
8,081
87,118
41,290
10,820
26,672
6,483
17,710
–
–
39,081
–
2,789
–
956
8,081
87,118
2,209
10,820
11,828
6,483
–
–
–
–
–
12,055
–
15,284
4,853
77,171
52,340
11,586
28,117
6,292
14,216
–
–
46,393
–
2,836
–
1,068
4,853
77,171
5,947
11,586
14,347
6,292
–
–
–
–
–
10,934
–
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate,
foreign exchange
Interest rate
Interest rate
Interest rate
$ 922,506 $ 82,770 $ 762,523
$ 77,213
$ 893,215
$ 80,681
$ 747,826
$ 64,708
(1) Funding valuation adjustment (FVA) exposures are excluded from trading activities for regulatory capital purposes, with related derivative hedges to these FVA exposures
also excluded.
(2) Comprises FVO deposits which are considered trading for market risk purposes, including certain deposit notes that have equity risk exposures and are economically
hedged by trading books. Prior period amounts were restated to conform to the current period presentation.
Trading activities
We hold positions in traded financial contracts to meet client investment and risk management needs. Trading revenue (net interest income and
non-interest income) is generated from these transactions. Trading instruments are recorded at fair value and include debt and equity securities,
as well as interest rate, foreign exchange, equity, commodity, and credit derivative products.
Value-at-risk
Our VaR methodology is a statistical technique that measures the potential overnight loss at a 99% confidence level. We use a full revaluation
historical simulation methodology to compute VaR, stressed VaR and other risk measures.
Although a valuable guide to risk, VaR should always be viewed in the context of its limitations. For example:
The use of historical data for estimating future events will not encompass all potential events, particularly those that are extreme in nature.
The use of a one-day holding period assumes that all positions can be liquidated, or the risks offset in one day. This may not fully reflect the
market risk arising at times of severe illiquidity, when a one-day period may be insufficient to liquidate or hedge all positions fully.
The use of a 99% confidence level does not take into account losses that might occur beyond this level of confidence.
VaR is calculated on the basis of exposures outstanding at the close of business and assumes no management action to mitigate losses.
The VaR table below presents market risks by type of risk and in aggregate. The risks are interrelated and the diversification effect reflects the
reduction of risk due to portfolio effects among the trading positions. Our trading risk exposures to interest rates and credit spreads arise from
activities in the global debt and derivative markets, particularly from transactions in the Canadian, U.S. and European markets. The primary
instruments are government and corporate debt, and interest rate derivatives. The majority of the trading exposure to foreign exchange risk
arises from transactions involving the Canadian dollar, U.S. dollar, Euro, Pound sterling, Australian dollar, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen,
whereas the primary risks of losses in equities are in the U.S., Canadian and European markets. Trading exposure to commodities arises
primarily from transactions involving North American natural gas, crude oil products, and precious metals.
72 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Stressed VaR
The stressed VaR measure is intended to replicate the VaR calculation that would be generated for our current portfolio if the values of the
relevant market risk factors were sourced from a period of stressed market conditions. The model inputs are calibrated to historical data from a
continuous 12-month period of significant financial stress relevant to our current portfolio since December 2006. In 2023, our stressed VaR
window has been the 2008–2009 Global Financial Crisis period. This historical period exhibited not only increased volatility in interest rates but
also increased volatility in equity prices, combined with a reduction in the level of interest rates, and an increase in credit spreads.
Incremental risk charge
IRC is a measure of default and migration risk for debt securities held in the trading portfolios. Our IRC methodology measures the risk of issuer
migration and default, at a 99.9% confidence level, over a period of one year.
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
2023
Interest rate risk
Credit spread risk
Equity risk
Foreign exchange risk
Commodity risk
Debt specific risk
Diversification effect (1)
$
High
Low
As at
Average
11.7
2.5
8.6
3.4
4.1
3.9
n/m
$
4.9
1.0
3.3
0.3
1.2
1.3
n/m
$
7.9
2.1
4.6
1.2
1.9
3.3
(10.5)
$
7.2
1.5
5.4
0.8
2.3
2.1
(10.1)
$
Total VaR (one-day measure)
$
13.2
$
6.6
$
10.5
$
9.2
$
$
Low
4.7
0.9
2.6
0.5
1.1
1.2
n/m
$
2022
As at
Average
6.0
1.1
4.1
1.2
1.4
1.9
(8.1)
$
7.3
3.4
4.9
1.8
2.3
2.2
(13.2)
$
5.5
$
7.6
$
8.7
High
16.3
11.0
10.5
4.8
6.0
3.3
n/m
14.6
Stressed total VaR (one-day measure)
IRC (one-year measure) (2)
$
62.2
$ 150.0
$ 14.2
$ 82.4
$
32.0
$ 101.9
$
36.9
$ 107.3
$
49.9
$ 178.9
$ 16.1
$ 95.7
$
31.2
$ 114.0
$
30.0
$ 130.7
(1) Total VaR is less than the sum of the VaR of the different market risk types due to risk offsets resulting from a portfolio diversification effect.
(2) High and low IRC are not equal to the sum of the constituent parts, because the highs and lows of the constituent parts may occur on different days.
n/m Not meaningful. It is not meaningful to compute a diversification effect because the high and low may occur on different days for different risk types.
Average total VaR for the year ended October 31, 2023 was up $0.5 million from the prior year, driven primarily by a decrease in the diversification
benefit and an increase in equity risk, offset by decreases in credit spread and foreign exchange risks.
Average stressed total VaR for the year ended October 31, 2023 was up $6.9 million from the prior year. The increase was primarily due to foreign
exchange, interest rate and equity risks.
Average IRC for the year ended October 31, 2023 was down $23.4 million from the prior year due to decreases in trading book bond inventory and
improved credit quality within our fixed income portfolio.
Back-testing
To determine the reliability of the trading VaR model, outcomes are monitored regularly through a back-testing process to test the validity of the
assumptions and the parameters used in the trading VaR calculation. The back-testing process includes calculating a hypothetical or static
profit and loss and comparing that result with calculated VaR. Static profit and loss represents the change in value of the prior day’s closing
portfolio due to each day’s price movements, on the assumption that the portfolio remained unchanged. The back-testing process is conducted
on a daily basis at the consolidated CIBC level as well as business lines and individual portfolios.
Static profit and loss in excess of the one-day VaR are investigated. The back-testing process, including the investigation of results, is
performed by risk professionals who are independent of those responsible for development of the model.
Based on our back-testing results, we are able to ensure that our VaR model continues to appropriately measure risk.
During the year, there was one negative back-testing breach of the total VaR measure at the consolidated CIBC level, driven by the
volatility in CAD and, to a lesser extent, USD interest rates.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 73
Management’s discussion and analysis
Trading revenue
Trading revenue (TEB) comprises both trading net interest income and non-interest income and excludes underwriting fees and commissions. See
the “Financial performance overview” section for details. Trading revenue (TEB) in the charts below excludes certain exited portfolios.
During the year, trading revenue (TEB) was positive for 98% of the days, with the largest loss of $5.5 million occurring on October 31, 2023,
arising from our interest rate and equity derivatives trading desks. Average daily trading revenue (TEB) was $8.6 million during the year, compared
to $7.8 million during the previous year. Average daily trading revenue (TEB) is calculated as the total trading revenue (TEB) divided by the number
of business days in the year.
Frequency distribution of daily 2023 trading revenue (TEB)
The histogram below presents the frequency distribution of daily trading revenue (TEB) for 2023.
s
y
a
D
e
u
n
e
v
e
R
g
n
d
a
r
T
i
25
20
15
10
5
0
less
than
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
C $ Millions
20 21 or
more
Trading revenue (TEB) versus VaR
The trading revenue (TEB) versus VaR graph below shows the current year’s daily trading revenue (TEB) against the close of business day VaR
measures.
Trading Revenue (TEB)
VaR
$ millions
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(10)
(20)
Nov-22
Dec-22
Jan-23
Feb-23
Mar-23
Apr-23
May-23
Jun-23
Jul-23
Aug-23
Sep-23
Oct-23
74 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Stress testing and scenario analysis
Stress testing and scenario analysis is designed to add insight into possible outcomes of abnormal market conditions, and to highlight possible
concentration of risk.
We measure the effect on portfolio valuations under a wide range of extreme moves in market risk factors. Our approach simulates the
impact on earnings of extreme market events over a one-month time horizon, and in most cases assume that no risk-mitigating actions are taken
during this period to reflect the reduced market liquidity that typically accompanies such events.
Scenarios are developed using historical market data during periods of market disruption, or are based on hypothetical impacts of
economic events, political events, and natural disasters as predicted by economists, business leaders, and risk managers.
Among the historical scenarios are the 2022 period of U.S. Federal Reserve tightening, and the market events following the 2008 market
crisis along with the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothetical scenarios include potential market crises originating in North America, Europe and
Asia.
The hypothetical scenarios are informed from current themes in geopolitics, central bank action and various macro themes originating in
North America, Europe and Asia. These include considering the impact of further escalation in the war in Ukraine, possible conflict between
Taiwan and China and the further impact of rising energy prices. Furthermore, during the past year, we continued to review and iterate various
stress scenarios to navigate various crises including the Silicon Valley Bank crisis, concerns about the quality of U.S. sovereign credit, and
various geopolitical flashpoints.
Stress testing scenarios are periodically reviewed and amended as necessary to ensure they remain relevant. Under stress limit monitoring,
limits are placed on the maximum acceptable loss based on risk appetite in aggregate, at the detailed portfolio level, and for specific asset
classes.
Non-trading activities
Structural interest rate risk (SIRR)
SIRR primarily consists of the risk arising due to mismatches in the timing of the repricing of assets and liabilities, which do not arise from trading
and trading-related businesses. The objective of SIRR management is to lock in product spreads and deliver stable and predictable net interest
income over time, while managing the risk to the economic value of our assets arising from changes in interest rates.
SIRR results from differences in the maturities or repricing dates of assets and liabilities, both on- and off-balance sheet, as well as from
embedded optionality in retail products, and other product features that could affect the expected timing of cash flows, such as options to
pre-pay loans or redeem term deposits prior to contractual maturity. A number of assumptions affecting cash flows, product repricing and the
administration of rates underlie the models used to measure SIRR. The key assumptions pertain to the expected funding profile of mortgage rate
commitments, fixed rate loan prepayment behaviour, term deposit redemption behaviour, the treatment of non-maturity deposits and equity.
Assumptions rely on empirical data, based on historical client behaviour, balance sheet composition and product pricing with the consideration
of possible forward-looking changes. All models and assumptions used to measure SIRR are subject to independent oversight by Risk
Management. A variety of cash instruments and derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps, are used to manage these risks.
The Board has oversight of the management of SIRR, approves the risk appetite and the associated SIRR risk limits. GALCO and its
subcommittee, the Asset Liability Management Committee, regularly review structural market risk positions and provide senior management
oversight.
In addition to Board-approved limits on earnings and economic value exposure, more granular management limits are in place to guide
day-to-day management of this risk. The ALM group within Treasury is responsible for the ongoing modelling of structural market risk across the
enterprise, with independent oversight and compliance with SIRR policy provided by Risk Management.
ALM activities are designed to manage the effects of potential interest rate movements while balancing the cost of any hedging activities
on the current net revenue. To monitor and control SIRR, two primary metrics, net interest income (NII) risk and economic value of equity (EVE)
risk, are assessed, in addition to stress testing, gap analysis and other market risk metrics. The net interest income sensitivity is a measure of the
impact of potential changes in interest rates on the projected 12-month pre-tax net interest income of the bank’s portfolio of assets, liabilities and
off-balance sheet positions in response to prescribed parallel interest rate movements with interest rates floored at zero. The EVE sensitivity is a
measure of the impact of potential changes in interest rates on the market value of the bank’s assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions in
response to prescribed parallel interest rate movements with interest rates floored at zero.
The following table shows the potential before-tax impact of an immediate and sustained 100 basis point increase and 100 basis point
decrease in interest rates on projected 12-month NII and the EVE for our structural balance sheet, assuming no subsequent hedging
management actions or changes in business mix or changes in product margins.
Structural interest rate sensitivity – measures
$ millions (pre-tax), as at October 31
100 basis point increase in interest rates
Increase (decrease) in net interest income
Increase (decrease) in EVE
100 basis point decrease in interest rates
Increase (decrease) in net interest income
Increase (decrease) in EVE
(1) Includes CAD and other currency exposures.
CAD (1)
2023
USD
Total
CAD (1)
$
303
(588)
$
91
(295)
$
394
(883)
$
278
(679)
(327)
507
(88)
319
(415)
826
(301)
604
2022
USD
$
(7) $
(336)
4
350
Total
271
(1,015)
(297)
954
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 75
Management’s discussion and analysis
Foreign exchange risk
Structural foreign exchange risk primarily consists of the risk inherent in: (a) net investments in foreign operations (NIFO) due to changes in foreign
exchange rates; and (b) foreign currency denominated RWA and foreign currency denominated capital deductions. This risk, predominantly in U.S.
dollars, is managed using derivative hedges and by funding the investments in matching currencies. We actively manage this position to ensure
that the potential impact on our capital ratios is within an acceptable tolerance in accordance with the policy approved by the CRO, while giving
consideration to the impact on earnings and shareholders’ equity. Structural foreign exchange risk is managed by Treasury under the guidance of
GALCO with monitoring and oversight by Risk Management.
A 1% appreciation of the Canadian dollar would reduce our shareholders’ equity as at October 31, 2023 by approximately $206 million
(2022: $200 million) on an after-tax basis.
Our non-functional currency denominated earnings are converted into the functional currencies through spot or forward foreign exchange
transactions. Typically, there is no significant impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our consolidated statement of income.
Derivatives held for ALM purposes
Where derivatives are held for ALM purposes, and when transactions meet the criteria specified under IFRS, we apply hedge accounting for the
risks being hedged, as discussed in Notes 1, 12 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements. Derivative hedges that do not qualify for hedge
accounting treatment are referred to as economic hedges and are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair
value recognized in the consolidated statement of income.
Economic hedges for other than FVO financial instruments may lead to income volatility because the hedged items are recorded either on
a cost or amortized cost basis or recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recognized through OCI.
This accounting income volatility may not be representative of the overall economic risk.
Equity risk
Non-trading equity risk arises primarily in our strategy and corporate development activities and strategic investments portfolio. The investments
comprise public and private equities, investments in limited partnerships, and equity-accounted investments.
The following table provides the amortized cost and fair values of our non-trading equities:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023 Equity securities designated at FVOCI
Equity-accounted investments in associates (1)
2022 Equity securities designated at FVOCI
Equity-accounted investments in associates (1)
Cost
Fair value
$ 556
137
$
$
$
693
525
206
731
$
$
$
572
240
812
522
230
$ 752
(1) Excludes our equity-accounted joint ventures. See Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Pension risk
We sponsor defined benefit pension plans in a number of jurisdictions. As at October 31, 2023, our consolidated defined benefit pension plans were
in a net asset position of $1,015 million, compared with $1,379 million as at October 31, 2022. The change in the net asset position of our pension
plans is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
Our Canadian pension plans represent approximately 90% of our pension plans, the most significant of which is our principal Canadian
pension plan (the CIBC Pension Plan). The estimated impact on our Canadian defined benefit obligations of a 100 basis point change in the
discount rate is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements.
The MRCC is responsible for sound governance and oversight, and delegates management authority to the Pension Benefits Management
Committee (PBMC). An appropriate investment strategy for the CIBC Pension Plan is set through a statement of investment objectives, policies and
procedures.
Within Treasury, the Pension Investment Management department is responsible for developing and implementing custom investment
strategies to sustainably deliver pension benefits within manageable risk tolerances and capital impacts. Key risks include actuarial risks (such as
longevity risk), interest rate risk, currency risk, and market (investment) risk.
A principal risk for the CIBC Pension Plan is interest rate risk, which it manages through its liability-driven investment strategy which includes a
combination of physical bonds and a bond overlay program funded through the use of repurchase agreements. The plan also operates a currency
overlay strategy, which may use forwards or similar instruments, to manage and mitigate its currency risk. Investment risk is mitigated through a
multi-asset portfolio construction process that diversifies across a variety of market risk drivers.
The use of derivatives within the CIBC Pension Plan are permitted for risk management and rebalancing purposes, as well as the ability to
enhance returns and are governed by the plan’s derivatives policy that was approved by the PBMC.
76 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk of having insufficient cash or its equivalent in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet financial obligations as they
come due. Common sources of liquidity risk inherent in banking services include unanticipated withdrawals of deposits, the inability to replace
maturing debt, credit and liquidity commitments, and additional pledging or other collateral requirements.
Our approach to liquidity risk management supports our business strategy, aligns with our risk appetite and adheres to regulatory
expectations.
Our management strategies, objectives and practices are regularly reviewed to align with changes to the liquidity environment, including
regulatory, business and/or market developments. Liquidity risk remains within CIBC’s risk appetite.
Governance and management
We manage liquidity risk in a manner that enables us to withstand a liquidity stress event without an adverse impact on the viability of our
operations. Actual and anticipated cash flows generated from on- and off-balance sheet exposures are routinely measured and monitored to ensure
compliance with established limits. We incorporate stress testing into the management and measurement of liquidity risk. Stress test results assist
with the development of our liquidity assumptions, identification of potential constraints to funding planning, and contribute to the design of our
contingency funding plan.
Liquidity risk is managed using the three lines of defence model, and the ongoing management of liquidity risk is the responsibility of the
Treasurer, supported by guidance from GALCO.
The Treasurer is responsible for managing the activities and processes required for measurement and the reporting and monitoring of CIBC’s
liquidity risk position as the first line of defence.
The Liquidity and Non-Trading Market Risk group provides independent oversight of the measurement, monitoring and control of liquidity risk,
as the second line of defence.
Internal audit is the third line of defence providing reasonable assurance to senior management and the Audit Committee of the Board on the
effectiveness of CIBC’s governance practices, risk management processes, and internal control as part of its risk-based audit plan and in
accordance with its mandate as described in the Internal Audit Charter.
The GALCO governs CIBC’s liquidity risk management, ensuring the liquidity risk management methodologies, assumptions, and key metrics
are regularly reviewed and aligned with CIBC’s requirements. The Liquidity Risk Management Committee, a subcommittee of GALCO, monitors
global liquidity risk and is responsible for ensuring that CIBC’s liquidity risk profile is comprehensively measured and managed in alignment with
CIBC’s strategic direction, risk appetite and regulatory requirements.
The RMC provides governance through bi-annual review of CIBC’s liquidity risk management policy, and recommends liquidity risk tolerance
to the Board through the risk appetite statement which is reviewed annually.
Policies
Our liquidity risk management policy establishes requirements that enable us to meet anticipated liquidity needs in both normal and stressed
conditions by maintaining a sufficient amount of available unencumbered liquid assets and diversified funding sources. Branches and
subsidiaries possessing unique liquidity characteristics, due to distinct businesses or jurisdictional requirements, maintain local liquidity
practices in alignment with CIBC’s liquidity risk management policy.
Our pledging policy sets out consolidated limits for the pledging of CIBC’s assets across a broad range of financial activities. These limits
ensure unencumbered liquid assets are available for liquidity purposes.
We maintain a detailed global contingency funding plan that sets out the strategies for addressing liquidity shortfalls in emergency and
unexpected situations, and delineates the requirements necessary to manage a range of stress conditions, establishes lines of responsibility,
articulates implementation, defines escalation procedures, and is aligned to CIBC’s risk appetite. In order to reflect CIBC’s organizational
complexity, regional and subsidiary contingency funding plans are maintained to respond to liquidity stresses unique to the jurisdictions within
which CIBC operates, and support CIBC as an enterprise.
Risk measurement
Our liquidity risk tolerance is defined by our risk appetite statement, which is approved annually by the Board, and forms the basis for the
delegation of liquidity risk authority to senior management. We use both regulatory-driven and internally developed liquidity risk metrics to
measure our liquidity risk exposure. Internally, our liquidity position is measured using the Liquidity Horizon, which combines contractual and
behavioural cash flows to measure the future point in time when projected cumulative cash outflows exceed cash inflows under a combined
CIBC-specific and market-wide stress scenario. Expected and potential anticipated inflows and outflows of funds generated from on- and
off-balance sheet exposures are measured and monitored on a regular basis to ensure compliance with established limits. These cash flows
incorporate both contractual and behavioural on- and off-balance sheet cash flows.
Our liquidity measurement system provides liquidity risk exposure reports that include the calculation of the internal liquidity stress tests
and regulatory reporting such as the LCR, NSFR and NCCF. Our liquidity management also incorporates the monitoring of our unsecured
wholesale funding position and funding capacity.
Risk appetite
CIBC’s risk appetite statement ensures prudent management of liquidity risk by outlining qualitative considerations and quantitative metrics
including the LCR and Liquidity Horizon. Quantitative metrics are measured and managed to a set of limits approved by Risk Management.
Stress testing
A key component of our liquidity risk management, and complementing our assessments of liquidity risk exposure, is liquidity risk stress testing.
Liquidity stress testing involves the application of name-specific and market-wide stress scenarios at varying levels of severity to assess the amount
of available liquidity required to satisfy anticipated obligations as they come due. The scenarios model potential liquidity and funding requirements
in the event of changes to unsecured wholesale funding and deposit run-off, contingent liquidity utilization, and liquid asset marketability.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 77
Management’s discussion and analysis
Liquid assets
Available liquid assets include unencumbered cash and marketable securities from on- and off-balance sheet sources, that can be used to
access funding in a timely fashion. Encumbered liquid assets, composed of assets pledged as collateral and those assets that are deemed
restricted due to legal, operational, or other purposes, are not considered as sources of available liquidity when measuring liquidity risk. The
asset mix is supported by concentration monitoring on issuers, tenors and product types to ensure that bank-wide liquid asset portfolios contain
a mix of assets that have appropriate liquidity, including in times of stress.
Encumbered and unencumbered liquid assets from on- and off-balance sheet sources are summarized as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023 Cash and deposits with banks
Securities issued or guaranteed by sovereigns, central
banks, and multilateral development banks
Other debt securities
Equities
Canadian government guaranteed National Housing Act
mortgage-backed securities
Other liquid assets (2)
2022 Cash and deposits with banks
Securities issued or guaranteed by sovereigns, central
banks, and multilateral development banks
Other debt securities
Equities
Canadian government guaranteed National Housing Act
mortgage-backed securities
Other liquid assets (2)
Bank owned
liquid assets
55,718
$
Securities received
as collateral
–
$
Total liquid
assets
55,718
$
Encumbered
liquid assets
862
$
Unencumbered
liquid assets (1)
$
54,856
155,487
5,729
43,798
31,733
12,597
$ 305,062
$
63,861
133,923
6,764
30,825
33,148
19,159
$ 287,680
94,880
11,681
28,432
250,367
17,410
72,230
134,415
4,343
33,317
115,952
13,067
38,913
4,908
2,685
$ 142,586
36,641
15,282
$ 447,648
17,365
8,238
$ 198,540
19,276
7,044
$ 249,108
$
–
$
63,861
$
286
$
63,575
85,602
8,957
29,521
219,525
15,721
60,346
122,283
2,262
30,408
97,242
13,459
29,938
3,321
2,326
$ 129,727
36,469
21,485
$ 417,407
16,711
16,040
$ 187,990
19,758
5,445
$ 229,417
(1) Unencumbered liquid assets are defined as on-balance sheet assets, assets borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, and other off-balance sheet collateral
received less encumbered liquid assets.
(2) Includes cash pledged as collateral for derivatives transactions, select ABS and precious metals.
The following table summarizes unencumbered liquid assets held by CIBC (parent) and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries:
$ millions, as at October 31
CIBC (parent)
Domestic subsidiaries
Foreign subsidiaries
2023
$ 175,523
13,571
60,014
$ 249,108
2022
$ 166,968
11,535
50,914
$ 229,417
Asset haircuts and monetization depth assumptions under a liquidity stress scenario are applied to determine asset liquidity value. Haircuts take into
consideration those margins applicable at central banks – such as the Bank of Canada and the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank – historical observations, and
securities characteristics including asset type, issuer, credit ratings, currency and remaining term to maturity, as well as available regulatory guidance.
Our unencumbered liquid assets increased by $19.7 billion since October 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in liquid government
securities holdings. This increase is a result of higher deposit and funding levels to fund asset growth.
Furthermore, we maintain access eligibility to the Bank of Canada’s Emergency Lending Assistance program and the U.S. Federal Reserve
Bank’s Discount Window.
Asset encumbrance
In the course of our day-to-day operations, securities and other assets are pledged to secure obligations, participate in clearing and settlement
systems and for other collateral management purposes.
The following table provides a summary of our total on- and off-balance sheet encumbered and unencumbered assets:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023 Cash and deposits with banks
Securities (3)
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses (4)
Other assets
2022 Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses (4)
Other assets
Encumbered
Unencumbered
Total assets
$
Pledged as
collateral
–
173,467
–
6,846
$ 180,313
$
–
157,357
–
13,637
$ 170,994
$
Other (1)
862
7,226
51,357
–
$ 59,445
$
286
5,263
46,720
–
$ 52,269
$
Available as
collateral
54,856
169,180
30,111
2,481
$ 256,628
$
63,575
141,964
29,645
2,304
$ 237,488
Other (2)
$
–
–
447,869
75,154
$ 523,023
$
–
–
440,718 (5)
86,294
$ 527,012
$
55,718
349,873
529,337
84,481
$ 1,019,409
$
$
63,861
304,584
517,083
102,235
987,763
(1) Includes assets supporting CIBC’s long-term funding activities and assets restricted for legal or other reasons, such as restricted cash.
(2) Other unencumbered assets are not subject to any restrictions on their use to secure funding or as collateral, however, they are not considered immediately available to
existing borrowing programs.
(3) Total securities comprise certain on-balance sheet securities, as well as off-balance sheet securities received under resale agreements, secured borrowings transactions,
and collateral-for-collateral transactions.
(4) Loans included as available as collateral represent the loans underlying National Housing Act mortgage-backed securities and Federal Home Loan Banks eligible loans.
(5) Revised from the amount previously presented.
Restrictions on the flow of funds
Our subsidiaries are not subject to significant restrictions that would prevent transfers of funds, dividends or capital distributions. However,
certain subsidiaries have different capital and liquidity requirements, established by applicable banking and securities regulators.
78 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
We monitor and manage our capital and liquidity requirements across these entities to ensure that resources are used efficiently and entities
are in compliance with local regulatory and policy requirements.
Liquidity coverage ratio
The objective of the LCR is to promote short-term resilience of a bank’s liquidity risk profile, ensuring that it has adequate unencumbered high-
quality liquid resources to meet its liquidity needs in a 30-day acute stress scenario. Canadian banks are required by OSFI to achieve a minimum
LCR value of 100%. We are in compliance with this requirement.
In accordance with the calibration methodology contained in OSFI’s LAR Guideline, we report the LCR to OSFI on a monthly basis. The ratio is
calculated as the total of unencumbered HQLA over the total net cash outflows in the next 30 calendar days.
The LCR’s numerator consists of unencumbered HQLA, which follow an OSFI-defined set of eligibility criteria that considers fundamental and
market-related characteristics, and the relative ability to operationally monetize assets on a timely basis during a period of stress. Our centrally-
managed liquid asset portfolio includes those liquid assets reported in the HQLA, such as central government treasury bills and bonds, central bank
deposits and high-rated sovereign, agency, provincial, and corporate securities. Asset eligibility limitations inherent in the LCR metric do not
necessarily reflect our internal assessment of our ability to monetize our marketable assets under stress.
The ratio’s denominator reflects net cash outflows expected in the LCR’s stress scenario over the 30-calendar-day period. Expected cash
outflows represent LCR-defined withdrawal or draw-down rates applied against outstanding liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments,
respectively. Significant contributors to our LCR outflows include business and financial institution deposit run-off, draws on undrawn lines of credit
and unsecured debt maturities. Cash outflows are partially offset by cash inflows, which are calculated at OSFI-prescribed LCR inflow rates, and
include performing loan repayments and maturing non-HQLA marketable assets.
During a period of financial stress, institutions may use their stock of HQLA, thereby falling below 100%, as maintaining the LCR at 100% under
such circumstances could produce undue negative effects on the institution and other market participants.
The LCR is calculated and disclosed using a standard OSFI-prescribed template.
$ millions, average of the three months ended October 31, 2023
Total unweighted value (1) Total weighted value (2)
HQLA
1
HQLA
Cash outflows
Unsecured wholesale funding, of which:
Stable deposits
Less stable deposits
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers, of which:
Operational deposits (all counterparties) and deposits in networks of cooperative banks
Non-operational deposits (all counterparties)
Unsecured debt
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Outflows related to derivative exposures and other collateral requirements
11
Outflows related to loss of funding on debt products
12
13
Credit and liquidity facilities
14 Other contractual funding obligations
15 Other contingent funding obligations
Secured wholesale funding
Additional requirements, of which:
16
Total cash outflows
Cash inflows
Secured lending (e.g. reverse repos)
Inflows from fully performing exposures
17
18
19 Other cash inflows
20
Total cash inflows
21
22
23
Total HQLA
Total net cash outflows
LCR
$ millions, average of the three months ended July 31, 2023
24
25
26
Total HQLA
Total net cash outflows
LCR
n/a
$
187,770
$
218,370
98,826
119,544
223,352
109,024
89,795
24,533
n/a
159,751
20,473
6,631
132,647
6,327
420,495
n/a
106,060
25,010
8,542
17,677
2,965
14,712
101,320
26,186
50,601
24,533
14,923
36,404
7,379
6,631
22,394
5,311
8,317
183,952
24,043
12,510
8,542
$
139,612
$
45,095
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total adjusted value
187,770
$
138,857
$
135 %
Total adjusted value
$
$
182,337
139,282
131 %
(1) Unweighted inflow and outflow values are calculated as outstanding balances maturing or callable within 30 days of various categories or types of liabilities, off-balance
sheet items or contractual receivables.
(2) Weighted values are calculated after the application of haircuts (for HQLA) and inflow and outflow rates prescribed by OSFI.
n/a Not applicable as per the LCR common disclosure template.
Our average LCR as at October 31, 2023, increased to 135% from 131% in the prior quarter, due to higher HQLA as a result of deposit growth.
Furthermore, we report the LCR to OSFI in multiple currencies, thus measuring the extent of potential currency mismatch under the ratio. CIBC
predominantly operates in major currencies with deep and fungible foreign exchange markets.
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR)
Derived from the BCBS’s Basel III framework and incorporated into OSFI’s LAR Guideline, the NSFR standard aims to promote long-term resilience
of the financial sector by requiring banks to maintain a sustainable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance sheet
activities. Canadian D-SIBs are required to maintain a minimum NSFR value of 100% on a consolidated bank basis. CIBC is in compliance with this
requirement.
In accordance with the calibration methodology contained in OSFI’s LAR Guideline, we report the NSFR to OSFI on a quarterly basis. The ratio
is calculated as total available stable funding (ASF) over the total required stable funding (RSF).
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 79
Management’s discussion and analysis
The numerator consists of the portion of capital and liabilities considered reliable over a one-year time horizon. The NSFR considers longer-term
sources of funding to be more stable than short-term funding and deposits from retail and commercial customers to be behaviourally more stable than
wholesale funding of the same maturity. In accordance with our funding strategy, key drivers of our ASF include client deposits supplemented by
secured and unsecured wholesale funding, and capital instruments.
The denominator represents the amount of stable funding required based on the OSFI-defined liquidity characteristics and residual maturities
of assets and off-balance sheet exposures. The NSFR ascribes varying degrees of RSF such that HQLA and short-term exposures are assumed to
have a lower funding requirement than less liquid and longer-term exposures. Our RSF is largely driven by retail, commercial and corporate lending,
investments in liquid assets, derivative exposures, and undrawn lines of credit and liquidity.
The ASF and RSF may be adjusted to zero for certain liabilities and assets that are determined to be interdependent if they meet the NSFR-
defined criteria, which take into account the purpose, amount, cash flows, tenor and counterparties among other aspects to ensure the institution is
acting solely as a pass-through unit for the underlying transactions. We report, where applicable, interdependent assets and liabilities arising from
transactions OSFI has designated as eligible for such treatment in the LAR Guideline.
The NSFR is calculated and disclosed using an OSFI-prescribed template, which captures the key quantitative information based on liquidity
characteristics unique to the NSFR as defined in the LAR Guideline. As a result, amounts presented in the table below may not allow for direct
comparison with the annual consolidated financial statements.
unsecured performing loans to financial institutions
1,354
39,559
7,665
18,995
28,672
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
ASF item
Regulatory capital
Other capital instruments
Stable deposits
Less stable deposits
Operational deposits
Other wholesale funding
Capital
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 Wholesale funding
8
9
10
11 Other liabilities
12
13
14
RSF item
15
16
17
18
19
Total ASF
Liabilities with matching interdependent assets
NSFR derivative liabilities
All other liabilities and equity not included in the above categories
Total NSFR HQLA
Deposits held at other financial institutions for operational purposes
Performing loans and securities
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by Level 1 HQLA
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by non-Level 1 HQLA and
20
21
22
23
24
Performing loans to non-financial corporate clients, loans to retail and small
business customers, and loans to sovereigns, central banks and public
sector entities, of which:
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II
standardized approach for credit risk
Performing residential mortgages, of which:
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II
standardized approach for credit risk
Securities that are not in default and do not qualify as HQLA, including
exchange-traded equities
Assets with matching interdependent liabilities
25
26 Other assets
27
28
Physical traded commodities, including gold
Assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts and contributions to
default funds of central counterparties
NSFR derivative assets
NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted
All other assets not included in the above categories
29
30
31
32 Off-balance sheet items
33
34
Total RSF
NSFR
$ millions, as at July 31, 2023
35
36
37
Total ASF
Total RSF
NSFR
$ millions, as at October 31, 2022
38
39
40
Total ASF
Total RSF
NSFR
(1) No assigned time period per disclosure template design.
80 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
a
b
c
d
e
Unweighted value by residual maturity
No
maturity
<6 months
6 months
to <1 year
$
54,773 $
54,773
–
179,315
88,099
91,216
170,035
109,538
60,497
–
–
– $
–
–
58,185
21,099
37,086
192,691
4,769
187,922
894
–
58,932
– $
–
–
23,684
11,112
12,572
50,362
–
50,362
1,474
116,515 (1)
12,542 (1)
131
>1 year
5,888
5,888
–
19,320
9,079
10,241
103,670
–
103,670
11,499
44,910
–
72,496
–
2,560
118,796
21,520
–
60,789
1,323
–
352,654
246
Weighted
value
$
60,661
60,661
–
258,740
123,374
135,366
236,555
57,153
179,402
–
7,560
7,560
563,515
16,787
1,280
397,936
1,983
37,078
39,680
29,921
117,296
166,349
–
18,077
–
15,992
–
21,619
–
208,014
–
179,302
18,077
15,917
21,534
202,672
174,682
15,987
–
12,664
2,481
2,045
894
261
1,474
93,695 (1)
8,103
11,499
10,183
45,460
11,206 (1)
7,649 (1)
21,727 (1)
418
417,376 (1)
7,235
21,630
–
45,933
2,109
9,525
–
1,086
33,213
14,376
$ 476,312
118 %
Weighted
value
$ 550,832
$ 472,418
117 %
Weighted
value
$ 534,258
$ 454,113
118 %
Management’s discussion and analysis
Our NSFR as at October 31, 2023, increased to 118% from 117% in the prior quarter and was comparable with 2022, due to an increase in long-
term funding and deposit growth.
CIBC considers the impact of its business decisions on the LCR, NSFR and other liquidity risk metrics that it regularly monitors as part of a robust
liquidity risk management function. Variables that can impact the metrics month-over-month include, but are not limited to, items such as wholesale
funding activities and maturities, strategic balance sheet initiatives, and transactions and market conditions affecting collateral.
Reporting of the LCR and NSFR is calibrated centrally by Treasury, in conjunction with the SBUs and other functional groups.
Funding
We fund our operations with client-sourced deposits, supplemented with a wide range of wholesale funding.
Our principal approach aims to fund our consolidated balance sheet with deposits primarily raised from personal and commercial banking
channels. We maintain a foundation of relationship-based core deposits, whose stability is regularly evaluated through internally developed
statistical assessments.
We routinely access a range of short-term and long-term secured and unsecured funding sources diversified by geography, depositor
type, instrument, currency and maturity. We raise long-term funding from existing programs including covered bonds, asset securitizations and
unsecured debt.
We continuously evaluate opportunities to diversify into new funding products and investor segments in an effort to maximize funding
flexibility and minimize concentration and financing costs. We regularly monitor wholesale funding levels and concentrations to internal limits
consistent with our desired liquidity risk profile.
GALCO and RMC review and approve CIBC’s funding plan, which incorporates projected asset and liability growth, funding maturities, and
output from our liquidity position forecasting.
The following table provides the contractual maturity profile of our wholesale funding sources at their carrying values:
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
Less than
1 month
1–3
months
3–6
months
6–12
months
Less than
1 year total
1–2
years
Over
2 years
Deposits from banks
(1)
Certificates of deposit and commercial paper
Bearer deposit notes and bankers’ acceptances
Senior unsecured medium-term notes (2)
Senior unsecured structured notes
Covered bonds/asset-backed securities
$
4,195 $
8,061
262
–
–
Mortgage securitization
Covered bonds
Cards securitization
Subordinated liabilities
Other
(3)
Of which:
Secured
Unsecured
1,505 $
556 $
1,299 $
7,555 $
– $
16,738
594
5,492
236
529
–
–
–
–
21,511
793
6,157
–
363
–
1,047
–
–
22,598
831
10,081
35
1,458
–
–
36
–
68,908
2,480
21,730
271
2,350
–
1,047
36
–
69
–
18,605
–
1,804
3,308
2,864
–
–
– $
–
–
26,393
69
9,882
28,120
109
6,447
8
–
–
–
–
–
Total
7,555
68,977
2,480
66,728
340
14,036
31,428
4,020
6,483
8
$ 12,518 $ 25,094 $ 30,427 $ 36,338 $ 104,377 $ 26,650 $ 71,028 $ 202,055
$
– $
529 $
1,410 $
1,458 $
3,397 $
7,976 $ 38,111 $
12,518
24,565
29,017
34,880
100,980
18,674
32,917
49,484
152,571
$ 12,518 $ 25,094 $ 30,427 $ 36,338 $ 104,377 $ 26,650 $ 71,028 $ 202,055
October 31, 2022
$ 12,656 $ 22,453 $ 29,368 $ 44,504 $ 108,981 $ 17,005 $ 70,702 $ 196,688
(1) Includes non-negotiable term deposits from banks.
(2) Includes wholesale funding liabilities which are subject to conversion under bail-in regulations. See the “Capital management” section for additional details.
(3) Includes Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) deposits.
The following table provides the diversification of CIBC’s wholesale funding by currency:
$ billions, as at October 31
CAD
USD
Other
$
45.8
113.2
43.1
$
202.1
2023
23 %
56
21
100 %
$
51.2
103.0
42.5
$
196.7
2022
26 %
52
22
100 %
We manage liquidity risk in a manner that enables us to withstand severe liquidity stress events. Wholesale funding may present a higher risk of
run-off in stress situations, and we maintain significant portfolios of unencumbered liquid assets to mitigate this risk. See the “Liquid assets” section
for additional details.
On October 31, 2023, OSFI announced its decision regarding the May 2023 public consultation on the LAR review for wholesale funding sources with
retail-like characteristics, specifically high-interest savings account exchange-traded funds. These changes impacting our LCR and NSFR will be
applied in the first quarter of 2024.
Funding plan
Our funding plan is updated at least quarterly, or in response to material changes in underlying assumptions and business developments. The plan
incorporates projected asset and liability growth from our ongoing operations, and the output from our liquidity position forecasting.
Credit ratings
Our access to and cost of wholesale funding are dependent on multiple factors, among them credit ratings provided by rating agencies. Rating
agencies’ opinions are based upon internal methodologies, and are subject to change based on factors including, but not limited to, financial
strength, competitive position, macroeconomic backdrop and liquidity positioning.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 81
Management’s discussion and analysis
Our credit ratings are summarized in the following table:
As at October 31, 2023
Deposit/Counterparty (1)
Legacy senior debt (2)
Senior debt (3)
Subordinated indebtedness
Subordinated indebtedness – NVCC
(4)
Limited recourse capital notes – NVCC (4)
Preferred shares – NVCC (4)
Short-term debt
Outlook
DBRS
AA
AA
AA(L)
A(H)
A(L)
BBB(H)
Pfd-2
R-1(H)
Stable
Fitch
AA
AA
AA-
A
A
n/a
n/a
F1+
Stable
Moody’s
Aa2
Aa2
A2
Baa1
Baa1
Baa3
Baa3
P-1
Stable
S&P
A+
A+
A-
A-
BBB+
BBB-
P-2(L)
A-1
Stable
(1) DBRS Long-Term Issuer Rating; Fitch Long-Term Deposit Rating and Derivative Counterparty Rating; Moody’s Long-Term Deposit and Counterparty Risk Assessment
Rating; S&P’s Issuer Credit Rating.
(2) Includes senior debt issued prior to September 23, 2018 as well as senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is not subject to bail-in regulations.
(3) Comprises liabilities which are subject to conversion under bail-in regulations. See the “Capital management” section for additional details.
(4) Comprises instruments which are treated as NVCC in accordance with OSFI’s CAR Guideline.
n/a Not applicable.
Additional collateral requirements for rating downgrades
We are required to deliver collateral to certain derivative counterparties in the event of a downgrade to our current credit risk rating. The collateral
requirement is based on MTM exposure, collateral valuations, and collateral arrangement thresholds, as applicable. The following table presents the
additional cumulative collateral requirements for rating downgrades:
$ billions, as at October 31
One-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Three-notch downgrade
2023
2022
$
–
0.2
0.4
$
–
0.1
0.3
Contractual obligations
Contractual obligations give rise to commitments of future payments affecting our short- and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. These
obligations include financial liabilities, credit and liquidity commitments, and other contractual obligations.
Assets and liabilities
The following table provides the contractual maturity profile of our on-balance sheet assets, liabilities and equity at their carrying values.
Contractual analysis is not representative of our liquidity risk exposure, however this information serves to inform our management of liquidity
risk, and provide input when modelling a behavioural balance sheet.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
Less than
1 month
1–3
months
3–6
months
6–9
months
9–12
months
1–2
years
2–5
years
Over
5 years
No
specified
maturity
Total
Assets
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks (1) $ 20,816 $
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
Securities
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Loans
34,902
4,197
14,651
46,144
– $
–
6,058
–
13,660
– $
–
6,398
–
10,857
– $
–
5,675
–
5,922
– $
–
6,544
–
2,110
– $
–
32,109
–
1,478
– $
–
61,775
–
13
– $
–
42,281
–
–
– $ 20,816
–
34,902
211,348
46,311
14,651
–
80,184
–
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Allowance for credit losses
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other assets
2,877
1,060
389
11,809
–
1,926
10,075
–
5,617
525
779
8,452
–
6,145
726
–
11,229
867
1,168
11,362
–
3,054
14
–
9,004
750
1,168
13,379
–
2,245
1
–
17,963
903
1,168
12,203
–
1,369
–
–
72,444
903
4,672
35,588
–
3,916
–
–
146,601
4,149
9,194
71,584
–
8,538
–
–
8,509
5,452
–
18,622
–
6,050
–
–
–
30,978
–
11,871
(3,902)
–
–
40,422
274,244
45,587
18,538
194,870
(3,902)
33,243
10,816
40,422
$ 148,846 $ 41,962 $ 44,949 $ 38,144 $ 42,260 $ 151,110 $ 301,854 $ 80,914 $ 125,680 $ 975,719
October 31, 2022
$ 162,138 $ 38,036 $ 33,508 $ 30,461 $ 37,755 $ 106,155 $ 339,631 $ 77,111 $ 118,802 $ 943,597
Liabilities
Deposits (2)
Obligations related to securities sold short
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold under
repurchase agreements
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Equity
$ 27,324 $ 45,781 $ 53,988 $ 55,787 $ 49,179 $ 45,310 $ 74,115 $ 19,314 $ 352,578 $ 723,376
18,666
8,081
18,666
8,081
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
78,889
81
10,079
24
–
–
6,528
5,384
726
23
–
–
577
3,112
14
73
–
–
–
2,342
1
73
–
–
–
1,648
–
71
36
–
–
4,315
–
292
–
–
1,124
11,191
–
579
–
–
–
13,217
–
883
6,447
–
–
–
–
24,654
–
53,213
87,118
41,290
10,820
26,672
6,483
53,213
$ 143,144 $ 58,442 $ 57,764 $ 58,203 $ 50,934 $ 49,917 $ 87,009 $ 39,861 $ 430,445 $ 975,719
October 31, 2022
$ 123,388 $ 44,632 $ 48,750 $ 62,962 $ 57,224 $ 39,220 $ 84,857 $ 36,779 $ 445,785 $ 943,597
(1) Cash includes interest-bearing demand deposits with the Bank of Canada.
(2) Comprises $239 billion (2022: $232.1 billion) of personal deposits; $462.1 billion (2022: $443.0 billion) of business and government deposits and secured borrowings;
and $22.3 billion (2022: $22.5 billion) of bank deposits.
The changes in the contractual maturity profile were primarily due to the natural migration of maturities and also reflect the impact of our regular
business activities.
82 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Credit-related commitments
The following table provides the contractual maturity of notional amounts of credit-related commitments. Since a significant portion of
commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total of the contractual amounts is not representative of future liquidity
requirements.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
Unutilized credit commitments
Securities lending
(2)
Standby and performance letters of credit
Backstop liquidity facilities
Documentary and commercial letters of credit
Other
Less than
1 month
1–3
months
3–6
months
6–9
months
9–12
months
1–2
years
2–5
years
Over
5 years
No specified
maturity (1)
Total
$ 1,619 $ 8,475 $ 4,684 $ 7,753 $ 5,897 $ 23,782 $ 70,820 $ 3,230 $ 232,656 $ 358,916
54,899
20,204
19,314
203
1,704
6,467
3,568
12,624
100
–
42,478
4,932
–
15
1,704
–
3,885
206
9
–
–
646
5,430
32
–
–
2,974
44
2
–
5,954
3,250
123
21
–
–
812
738
24
–
–
137
149
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
October 31, 2022
$ 50,694 $ 28,841 $ 13,542 $ 10,256 $ 8,415 $ 22,105 $ 68,049 $ 2,735 $ 216,873 $ 421,510
(1) Includes $179.2 billion (2022: $167.3 billion) of personal, home equity and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion.
(2) Excludes securities lending of $8.1 billion (2022: $4.9 billion) for cash because it is reported on the consolidated balance sheet.
$ 50,748 $ 31,234 $ 14,032 $ 11,853 $ 8,917 $ 29,890 $ 72,394 $ 3,516 $ 232,656 $ 455,240
Other off-balance sheet contractual obligations
The following table provides the contractual maturities of other off-balance sheet contractual obligations affecting our funding needs:
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023 (1)
Purchase obligations (2)
Investment commitments
Future lease commitments (1)
Pension contributions (3)
Underwriting commitments
Less than
1 month
1–3
months
3–6
months
6–9
months
9–12
months
1–2
years
2–5
years
Over
5 years
Total
$
122 $ 149 $ 196 $ 218 $ 168 $ 514 $ 600 $
–
–
33
–
1
–
32
–
13
92
–
–
9
–
32
–
3
10
–
–
1
–
22
–
–
–
11
12
85 $ 2,052
581
569
130
12
554
467
–
–
$
145 $ 172 $ 237 $ 251 $ 201 $ 527 $ 705 $ 1,106 $ 3,344
October 31, 2022
$ 1,066 $ 193 $ 341 $ 250 $ 220 $ 597 $ 847 $ 1,074 $ 4,588
(1) Excludes operating lease obligations that are accounted for under IFRS 16, which are typically recognized on the consolidated balance sheet, and operating and tax
expenses relating to lease commitments. The table includes lease obligations that are not accounted for under IFRS 16, including those related to future starting lease
commitments for which we have not yet recognized a lease liability and right-of-use asset.
(2) Obligations that are legally binding agreements whereby we agree to purchase products or services with specific minimum or baseline quantities defined at fixed,
minimum or variable prices over a specified period of time are defined as purchase obligations. Purchase obligations are included through to the termination date
specified in the respective agreements, even if the contract is renewable. Many of the purchase agreements for goods and services include clauses that would allow
us to cancel the agreement prior to expiration of the contract within a specific notice period. However, the amount above includes our obligations without regard to
such termination clauses (unless actual notice of our intention to terminate the agreement has been communicated to the counterparty). The table excludes purchases
of debt and equity instruments that settle within standard market time frames.
(3) Includes estimated minimum funding contributions for our funded defined benefit pension plans in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean. Estimated minimum
funding contributions are included only for the next annual period as the minimum contributions are affected by various factors, such as market performance and
regulatory requirements, and are therefore subject to significant variability.
Other risks
Strategic risk
Strategic risk is the risk of ineffective or improper implementation of business strategies, including mergers, acquisitions and divestitures. It includes
the potential financial loss due to the failure of organic growth initiatives or failure to respond appropriately to changes in the business environment.
For additional details on corporate transactions, see the “Top and emerging risks” section.
Oversight of strategic risk is the responsibility of the ExCo and the Board. At least annually, the CEO outlines the process and presents the
strategic business plan to the Board for review and approval. As part of the annual planning process, Risk Management assesses the overall and
business unit strategic plans to ensure alignment with our risk appetite. The Board reviews the plan in light of management’s assessment of
emerging market trends, the competitive environment, potential risks and other key issues.
One of the tools for measuring, monitoring and controlling strategic risk is attribution of regulatory capital against this risk. Our regulatory
capital models include a strategic risk component for those businesses utilizing capital to fund an acquisition or a significant organic growth
strategy.
Operational risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from people, inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, or from external events.
Operational risk is inherent in all CIBC activities and transactions. Failure to manage operational risk can result in direct or indirect financial loss,
reputational impact, or regulatory review and penalties. The Operational Risk Management Framework (the Framework) sets out the
requirements and roles and responsibilities in managing operational risk at CIBC.
Governance and Management
Operational risk is managed through the three lines of defence model and articulated in the Operational Risk Management Framework. A strong risk
culture and communication between the three lines of defence are important characteristics of effective risk management. All three lines of defence,
including all team members are accountable for identifying, managing and mitigating operational risk within the approved Operational Risk Appetite.
For further details, see the “Management of risk – Risk overview” section.
Global Operational Risk Management (GORM), as part of Global Operational and Enterprise Risk Management, is responsible for oversight of the
enterprise-wide operational risk and control environment globally. To effectively discharge its mandate, GORM establishes frameworks, policies,
related procedures and guidelines, and develops tools, systems and processes to enable effective identification, measurement, mitigation,
monitoring and reporting of operational risks. GORM is also responsible for determining the level of operational risk capital in compliance with
OSFI’s guidelines. From a governance perspective, the ORCC, chaired by the Senior Vice-President, GORM, is a forum for senior management, with
representation from each of the three lines of defence, to monitor and discuss significant operational risk and control matters. ORCC is a
sub-committee of the GRC. The GRC, chaired by the CRO, is a senior management forum for discussion and oversight of risk appetite, risk profile
and risk mitigation strategies.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 83
Management’s discussion and analysis
Operational risk management approach
Information transparency, timely escalation, clear accountability and a robust internal control environment are the principles forming the basis of the
Operational Risk Management Framework, which supports and governs the processes of identifying, measuring, mitigating, monitoring, and
reporting operational risks. We mitigate operational losses by consistently applying risk-based approaches and employing risk-specific assessment
tools. Regular review of our risk governance structure ensures clarity of, and ownership in, key risk areas.
Risk identification
Risk identification includes the process of assessing, understanding and confirming risks, on Business Unit operations, transactions, change
initiatives and emerging risks to ensure operational risks are proactively identified and managed. CIBC’s business lines regularly conduct reviews of
operational risks inherent in their products, services or processes and assess ways to mitigate and manage them in alignment with CIBC’s risk
appetite. These reviews include using risk and control self-assessments, audit findings, operational risk scenarios, past internal and external loss
events, key risk indicators (KRIs) trends, change initiative risk assessments and in-depth risk reviews to form a holistic operational risk profile for the
business lines. Under the three lines of defence model, GORM and relevant Control Groups challenge business lines’ risk assessments and
mitigation actions.
Risk measurement
Risk measurement is the quantification of operational risks through operational risk capital calculations, internal loss data collection and analysis,
and stress testing to understand potential operational risk exposures.
Operational loss is one of the key operational risk metrics informing us of areas of heightened risk. We collect and analyze internal operational
loss event data for themes and trends. The occurrence of a material or potential material loss triggers an investigation to determine the root causes
of the incident and the effectiveness of existing mitigating controls, as well as the identification of any additional mitigating actions. Additionally, we
monitor the external environment for emerging or potential risks to CIBC. The analysis of material operational risk events is performed by the first line
of defence and the outputs of the analysis are subject to formal independent challenge by our second line of defence. The analysis of material
operational risk events forms one component of our ongoing operational risk reporting to senior management and the Board.
A robust risk measurement practice is in place to quantify operational risk and ensure adequate capital. We use the standardized method to
quantify our operational risk exposure in the form of operational risk regulatory capital, as agreed with local regulators.
Risk mitigation
Risk mitigation is the determination of appropriate strategies and development of action plans to address operational risks to ensure residual risks
are within the CIBC risk appetite. Our primary tool for mitigating operational risk exposure is a robust internal control environment. Our Control
Framework outlines key principles, structure and processes underpinning our approach to managing risks through effective controls. Under our
framework, all key controls are subject to ongoing testing and review to ensure they effectively mitigate our operational risk exposures. In addition,
our corporate insurance program may afford additional protection from loss while our global business continuity and broader operational resilience
programs enable us to deliver critical services to our clients through disruption.
Risk monitoring and reporting
Risk monitoring and reporting ensures that operational risk issues, including emerging risks, are monitored and communicated to the relevant
stakeholders in a timely and transparent manner.
Both forward-looking KRIs as well as backward-looking key performance indicators provide insight into our risk exposure and are used to
monitor the main drivers of exposure associated with key operational risks and their adherence to the operational risk appetite. KRIs assist in early
detection of potential operational risk events by identifying unfavourable trends and highlighting controls that may not be designed or operating
effectively. Business lines are required to identify and implement KRIs for material risk exposures on an ongoing basis. Escalation triggers are used
to highlight risk exposures requiring additional attention from senior management and/or the Board. The second line of defence challenges the
selection of KRIs and the appropriateness of thresholds.
Our risk monitoring processes support a transparent risk-reporting program, informing both senior management and the Board of our control
environment, operational risk exposures, and mitigation strategies. Operational risk practices are continuously enhanced to increase robustness of
the operational risk management program for effective and efficient identification, measurement, mitigation, monitoring and reporting of operational
risks in CIBC.
Operational risks which may adversely impact CIBC include the following:
Anti-money laundering/anti-terrorist financing
The risk of CIBC’s potential non-conformance with global AML and ATF regulatory requirements and sanctions regulations leading to enhanced
regulatory scrutiny, regulatory censure (i.e., cease and desist orders) and/or financial loss (i.e., regulatory, criminal or civil penalties and/or forfeiture
of assets). See the “Top and emerging risks – Anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing and sanctions” section for further details.
Fraud risk
The risk relating to the intentions to defraud, misappropriate property/assets or circumvent regulations, the law or CIBC policy and can be
committed by either employees or by outsiders such as clients or third parties.
Information security risk (including cyber security)
The risk to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of CIBC-owned information, and the information entrusted to CIBC by clients, employees,
shareholders, business partners, and third parties that if leaked, accessed without authorization or lost, could cause damage to CIBC’s business
and its customers. See the “Top and emerging risks – Technology, information and cyber security risk” section for further details.
Technology risk
The risk of compromised availability, degradation, recovery, capacity, performance, integrity of new or existing systems. See the “Top and emerging
risks – Technology, information and cyber security risk” section for further details.
84 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Third party risk
The potential risk that may arise from relying on a third party business arrangement between CIBC and another entity, by contract or otherwise. This
includes activities that involve outsourced products and services, use of outside consultants, networking arrangements, managed services, services
provided by affiliates and subsidiaries, joint ventures, sponsorships, no-fee contracts, and any other arrangement that involves the delivery of
business activities, functions or processes to CIBC and/or its clients. See the “Top and emerging risks – Third-party risk” section for further details.
Other operational risks include business interruption risk, data risk, conduct risk (see the “Conduct risk” section), financial reporting risk, legal risk
(see the “Reputation and legal risks” section), model risk, people risk, privacy risk, project risk, physical security and safety risk, regulatory
compliance risk (see the “Regulatory compliance risk” section) and transaction processing and execution risk.
Environmental and social risk
Environmental risk is the risk of financial loss or damage to reputation associated with environmental issues, including but not limited to climate-
related issues (see the “Top and emerging risks – Climate risk” section for additional details), whether arising from our credit and investment
activities or related to our own operations. Social risk is the potential for negative impact on our financial position, operations, legal and regulatory
compliance, or reputation stemming from social considerations associated with CIBC, an activity, transaction, product, client, third-party or supplier.
These social considerations include, but are not limited to inclusive banking (e.g., accessibility, reconciliation, racial equity), human rights
(e.g., modern slavery, including forced labour and child labour, human trafficking), and social impacts related to climate change.
Governance
In 2023, we developed the Global Environmental and Social Framework, an internal policy document that provides an overview of how CIBC sets
and operationalizes its ESG strategy and related policies, including how we manage environmental and social risks, as well as outlining the
established ESG governance framework. As environmental and social risk management requires a multi-disciplinary approach, these risk factors
are considered in our ESG governance framework, which outlines responsibilities for ESG from the Board to executive management and down to
those with day-to-day accountability for execution.
CIBC’s Board and its committees provide ongoing oversight of the continued execution of our bank-wide ESG governance framework, each
playing a distinct, but integrated role. The Corporate Governance Committee leads oversight of the execution of our ESG strategy, material public
ESG disclosure and stakeholder engagement, and our overall ESG governance framework, and in this capacity considers external challenges,
trends and developments that should be incorporated in our strategic plans. Other Board committees lead the oversight of specific elements of our
ESG strategy and governance based on mandate, and as it pertains to environmental and social risks; in particular, the Risk Committee supervises
key frameworks related to CIBC’s principal business risks, which include climate-related risks, and the Audit Committee has oversight of the
underlying processes and controls to ensure the integrity, accuracy and reliability of material ESG disclosures.
At the senior management level, our Executive Committee is accountable for the progress on CIBC’s ESG agenda, and the Executive Vice-
President and Chief Legal Officer (CLO) is the executive lead for ESG across the enterprise, which includes leading our ESG strategy, ESG
disclosure and the execution of our ESG governance framework. In this capacity, the CLO also works closely with our CRO, who has overall
responsibility for enterprise risk management. Executive management of ESG is also facilitated through CIBC’s Senior Executive ESG Council, which
is chaired by the CLO, and has representation from all SBUs and functional groups, enabling bank-wide input and coordination on strategic ESG
initiatives in response to CIBC’s environmental and social responsibilities. Our Enterprise ESG team, which reports to the CLO, and is led by the
Senior Vice-President, ESG and Corporate Governance, works alongside the SBUs, functional groups and ESG subject matter experts across the
bank, such as the Environmental Risk Management team within Global Operational and Enterprise Risk Management, to advance CIBC’s ESG
agenda.
Understanding that environmental and social topics and related risks are evolving, we have regular, two-way engagement with our
stakeholders and continuously assess and engage on other environmental and social issues through partnerships and industry initiatives. This helps
to ensure that we have a common understanding of this risk area and are prepared to respond. Beyond the risks listed below, we are learning and
contributing to emerging topics such as biodiversity, through participation in the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures and helping to
transform financial decision making to better integrate risks posed by environmental and social issues through participation in A4S (Accounting for
Sustainability).
Risk management
The Global Environmental and Social Framework outlines roles and responsibilities for risk management of environmental and social risks as a shared
responsibility between multiple risk management teams including Global Operational and Enterprise Risk Management, Conduct and Culture Risk
Management, and Third Party Risk Management, in addition to regional risk management teams.
Within CIBC’s Risk Management function, the Global Operational and Enterprise Risk Management group provides independent oversight of
the measurement, monitoring and control of environmental risks. This group is led by the Executive Vice-President, Global Operational and
Enterprise Risk Management, who has direct accountability to the CRO for environmental risk oversight. This team works closely with the Enterprise
ESG team, to ensure that environmental and social risks are integrated into our ESG strategy, as well as with the SBUs and functional groups to
ensure that best practices of environmental responsibility are applied to the banking services that we provide to our clients, the relationships we
have with our stakeholders, and to the way we manage our facilities.
Environmental risk, including but not limited to climate-related issues, and social risk are components of reputation and legal risks. These risks
are therefore assessed and mitigated according to the policies and related procedures followed for managing reputation and legal risks, including
through the Reputation Risk Management Framework, Global Reputation and Legal Risks Policy and business-specific procedures. See the
“Reputation and legal risks” section for additional information.
In addition, our Corporate Environmental Policy, which is under the overall management of the Environmental Risk Management team,
describes our approach to prudent environmental management, including climate-related issues, and assigns responsibilities for managing our
environmental impacts. Our Corporate Environmental Policy states that CIBC will develop, implement and maintain standards and procedures to
review, assess and manage the environmental risks inherent in lending and investment activities and seek through such activities to promote sound
environmental management practices among those with whom business is conducted. For example, environmental and social evaluations are
integrated into our credit risk assessment processes, with standards and procedures in place for all sectors. In addition, environmental and social
risk assessments in project finance, project-related corporate loans and bridge loans are required, in accordance with our commitment as a
signatory to the Equator Principles (adopted in 2003), which are a voluntary set of guidelines for financial institutions based on the screening criteria
from the International Finance Corporation. An escalation process is in place for transactions with the potential to have significant environmental and
related social risk, with escalation up to the Reputation and Legal Risks Committee for senior executive review, if required.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 85
Management’s discussion and analysis
Some social risks, such as child labour or human rights violations, are components of third party risk management and are identified,
assessed, mitigated, monitored and reported as per CIBC’s Third Party Risk Management Policy (see the “Top and emerging risks – Third-party
risk” section), as well as through our Supplier Code of Conduct (see the “Human rights and codes of conduct” section).
Climate change
Climate risk is integrated into our risk management processes, beginning with our climate-related risk appetite, which is defined based on
qualitative and quantitative considerations and reflects our guiding principle of practicing sound risk management, as well as enabling us to
address stakeholders’ expectations with respect to climate risk management. Tolerance levels have been implemented into our Risk Appetite
Statements regionally and enterprise-wide for relevant SBUs. We continue to evaluate relevant metrics and will include additional quantitative
measures to our Risk Appetite Statements, as needed, as climate-related risk management practices evolve and mature.
We are actively identifying and assessing climate-related risks and how they might impact business operations, cause physical damage,
disrupt supply chains and affect global economies, and ultimately impact credit and market risk. To do this, we are continuing to develop a suite of
tools including carbon risk scoring, heat maps, scenario analysis and measuring financed emissions to give us insights into the risks at a client,
sector and portfolio level, as there is not one individual tool that can adequately measure the risks that our clients face due to climate change.
Our carbon risk scoring considers the short, medium and long-term impacts that a corporate or commercial client might face due to climate
change such as policy, technology and market shifts. It allows us to score each client on a scale of advanced to poor, referring those clients that
score poorly to our High Carbon Score Committee, made up of representatives from the relevant SBUs and risk management, to develop
appropriate action plans to mitigate the risk.
Our heat map approach also provides a visual representation of the business and government sectors that are vulnerable to climate-related
risks. Based on this heat map assessment, we assign a score to each industry and sector within our portfolio based on general exposure to physical
and transition risks. The combined weighted average score is used to infer potential credit migrations, which is used as an input into scenario
analysis to estimate potential changes in PD, expected loss and RWA. The latter is based on the Bank of Canada and OSFI pilot scenario and
provides a useful “what-if” framework to explore how climate-related risks may manifest in the future.
These risk management tools provide us with a higher level of granularity to understand how our individual portfolios behave with regard to
climate-related risks and where to focus mitigation efforts, as well as informing business decisions towards potential opportunities and areas where
we can support our clients. We will continue expanding our knowledge and exploring and assessing climate-related risk impacts as industry
standards, the regulatory environment, data quality, tools and our approach mature.
Human rights and codes of conduct
CIBC is committed to respecting human rights and stands against slavery and human trafficking throughout our business and supply chains.
We uphold human rights by incorporating global best practices enterprise-wide, including those embodied by the United Nations Guiding
Principles on Business and Human Rights, and promoting a fair, diverse and inclusive work environment. We publicly report under the United
Kingdom Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the Australian Modern Slavery Act 2018. We comply with all applicable human rights laws and standards in
the jurisdictions in which we operate, including laws addressing issues such as forced and child labour, modern slavery and human trafficking, pay
equity, employment equity, health and safety, discrimination and harassment. We expect our team members, clients, suppliers and other third
parties with whom we have a business relationship to share our commitment to respect human rights. More information can be found in the CIBC on
Human Rights: Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement, which is available on our website.
CIBC’s Code of Conduct is an important reference point in our culture and also lays out the standards we have in place for how team members
should behave and treat our clients, communities and fellow team members. The Code of Conduct sets out underlying policies that guide our
actions and that are foundational to our purpose-led and inclusive culture as we grow in a sustainable way. This includes acting with honesty,
integrity and respect. To maintain appropriate conduct and address inappropriate conduct, we use an integrated framework of programs,
standards, policies, guidelines and procedures that all align with the high-level principles and ethical standards set out in our Code of Conduct. See
the “Conduct risk” section for additional information.
Our Supplier Code of Conduct sets out the principles, standards and behaviours that our suppliers should follow, as we expect that they act
ethically and adhere to all applicable laws, rules and regulations, such as maintaining responsible labour practices and human rights, in the
jurisdictions in which they operate. We have procedures in place to assess supplier risk and to govern our contracted supplier relationships. Due
diligence reviews of new, existing and prospective suppliers require consideration of applicable ESG factors in order to mitigate these potential
risks within our supply chain.
More information on our ESG governance, policy, management and performance can be found in our Sustainability Report, which is available
on our website.
Regulatory compliance risk
Regulatory compliance risk is the risk of CIBC’s potential non-conformance with applicable regulatory requirements.
Our approach to managing and mitigating regulatory compliance risk aligns with CIBC’s Risk Appetite Statement and centers around
fostering a robust risk culture. The foundation of this approach is a comprehensive Regulatory Compliance Management (RCM) framework. The
RCM framework, owned by the Senior Vice-President, Chief Compliance and Privacy Officer and Global Regulatory Affairs, and approved by the
RMC, maps regulatory requirements to our internal policies, procedures and/or controls that govern regulatory compliance.
Our Compliance department is responsible for developing and maintaining a comprehensive regulatory compliance program, including
oversight of the RCM framework. This department operates independently from business management and regularly reports to the RMC.
The primary responsibility for complying with all applicable regulatory requirements rests with senior management of the business and
functional groups, and extends to all employees. The Compliance department’s activities support these groups, with a particular focus on
regulatory requirements that govern the relationship between CIBC and its clients.
See the “Regulatory developments” section for further details.
86 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Insurance risk
Insurance risk is the risk of loss arising from the obligation to pay out benefits and expenses on insurance policies in excess of expected amounts.
Unfavourable actual experience could emerge due to adverse fluctuations in timing, size and frequency of actual claims (e.g., mortality, morbidity),
policyholder behaviour (e.g., cancellation of coverage), or associated expenses.
Insurance contracts provide financial compensation to the beneficiary in the event of an insured risk occurring in exchange for premiums. We
are exposed to insurance risk in our insurance business and in our reinsurance business within the respective subsidiaries.
Senior management of the insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries have primary responsibility for managing insurance risk with oversight by
Risk Management. The insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries also have their own boards of directors, and an independent Appointed Actuary who
provide additional input to risk management oversight. Processes and oversight are in place to manage the risk to our insurance business.
Underwriting risk on business assumed is managed through risk policies that limit exposure to an individual life, to certain types of business and to
regions.
Our risk governance practices ensure strong independent oversight and control of risk within the insurance businesses. The subsidiaries’ boards
outline the internal risk and control structure to manage insurance risk, which includes risk, capital and control policies, processes as well as limits and
governance. Senior management of the insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries and Risk Management attend the subsidiaries’ board meetings.
Reputation and legal risks
Our reputation and financial soundness are of fundamental importance to us and to our clients, shareholders, third parties, regulators, team
members and communities.
Reputation risk is the risk of negative publicity regarding our business conduct or practices which, whether true or not, could significantly
harm our reputation as a leading financial institution, or could materially and adversely affect our business, operations or financial condition.
Legal risk is the risk of financial loss arising from one or more of the following factors: (a) civil, criminal or regulatory enforcement
proceedings against us; (b) our failure to correctly document, enforce or comply with contractual obligations; (c) failure to comply with our legal
obligations to clients, investors, team members, counterparties or other stakeholders; (d) failure to take appropriate legal measures to protect
our assets or security interests; or (e) misconduct by our team members or agents.
All team members at CIBC play an important role in protecting our reputation by ensuring that the highest ethical standards are followed in
how we act and what we do. Not only must we act with integrity at all times, we must also ensure that activities being conducted do not pose
undue risks to CIBC’s reputation for ethical, sound and responsible business practices. As a result, requirements for the management and
oversight of potential reputation risk are integrated throughout our framework of policies and related procedures. These processes include the
management of various risks as set out in CIBC’s Risk Appetite Statement, Risk Management Framework and Code of Conduct. Our Reputation
Risk Management Framework, Global Reputation and Legal Risks Policy and business-specific procedures outline how we safeguard our
reputation through identification, assessment, escalation and mitigation of potential reputation and legal risks. Proactive management of potential
reputation and legal risks is a key responsibility of CIBC and all our team members.
Overall governance and oversight of reputation risk is provided by the Board, primarily through the RMC of the Board. Senior management
oversight of reputation and legal risks is provided by the Reputation and Legal Risks Committee, which is a sub-committee of GRC and reports
its activities regularly to the GRC. Additionally, there are specific senior management committees across the enterprise that provide further
oversight to ensure required practices are followed and any material reputation and legal risks are identified, managed, and if required,
escalated, effectively.
Conduct risk
Conduct risk is the risk that the actions or omissions (i.e., behaviour) of CIBC, team members or third parties: do not align with our desired
culture and values; deliver poor or unfair outcomes for clients, team members or shareholders; result in adverse market practices and outcomes;
impact CIBC’s reputation as a leading financial institution; or materially and adversely affect our business, operations or financial condition.
Our Conduct and Culture Risk Framework applies enterprise-wide and outlines the proactive management and oversight of potential
conduct risk. Every team member is accountable for the identification and management of conduct risk. The overarching principles and
requirements for maintaining appropriate conduct and addressing inappropriate conduct are covered in the CIBC Code of Conduct (the Code)
and other global, regional and business specific policies, frameworks, processes and procedures. All team members must abide by the Code,
and CIBC policies, frameworks, processes and procedures in carrying out the accountabilities of their role. Overall governance of conduct risk is
provided by the Board and its committees, including the CGC, as well as senior management committees.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 87
Management’s discussion and analysis
Accounting and control matters
Critical accounting policies and estimates
The consolidated financial statements of CIBC have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards
Board (IASB). These consolidated financial statements also comply with Section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada) and the requirements of OSFI. A
summary of significant accounting policies is presented in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Certain accounting policies require us to make judgments and estimates, some of which relate to matters that are uncertain. The current
macroeconomic environment, including the impact of higher levels of interest rates, inflation, events in the U.S. banking sector and geopolitical
events, gives rise to heightened uncertainty as it relates to our accounting estimates and assumptions and increases the need to apply judgment. In
particular, changes in the judgments and estimates related to IFRS 9 can have a significant impact on the level of ECL allowance recognized and
period-over-period volatility of the provision for credit losses. Changes in the judgments and estimates required in the critical accounting policies
discussed below could have a material impact on our financial results. We have established control procedures to ensure accounting policies are
applied consistently and processes for changing methodologies are well controlled.
Use and classification of financial instruments
As a financial institution, our assets and liabilities primarily comprise financial instruments, which include deposits, securities, loans, derivatives,
acceptances, repurchase agreements, and subordinated indebtedness.
We use these financial instruments for both trading and non-trading activities. Trading activities primarily include the purchase and sale of
securities and metals, transacting in foreign exchange and derivative instruments in the course of facilitating client trades and taking proprietary
trading positions with the objective of income generation. Non-trading activities generally include the business of lending, investing, funding, and ALM.
The use of financial instruments may either introduce or mitigate exposures to market, credit and/or liquidity risks. See the “Management of
risk” section for details on how these risks are managed.
Financial instruments are accounted for according to their classification. Judgment is applied in determining the appropriate classification of
financial instruments under IFRS 9, in particular as it relates to the assessment of whether debt financial assets meet the solely payment of principal
and interest (SPPI) test, and the assessment of the business model used to manage financial assets. For details on the accounting for these
instruments under IFRS 9, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Determination of fair value of financial instruments
Under IFRS 9, debt and equity securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL, business and government loans mandatorily measured
and designated at FVTPL, obligations related to securities sold short, derivative contracts, FVOCI securities and FVO financial instruments are
carried at fair value. FVO financial instruments include certain debt securities, certain secured borrowings, obligations related to securities sold
under repurchase agreements, structured deposits and business and government deposits. Certain retail mortgage interest rate commitments are
also designated as FVO financial instruments.
IFRS 13 defines fair value to be the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability at the measurement date in an
orderly arm’s-length transaction between market participants in the principal market under current market conditions (i.e., the exit price). Fair value
measurements are categorized into levels within a fair value hierarchy based on the nature of the valuation inputs (Level 1, 2 or 3). We have an
established and documented process for determining fair value. Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in an active market for the same
instrument, where available (Level 1). If active market prices or quotes are not available for an instrument, fair value is then based on valuation
models in which the significant inputs are observable (Level 2) or in which one or more of the significant inputs are non-observable (Level 3).
Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of
observable market information available.
For instruments valued using internally developed models that use significant non-observable market inputs and are therefore classified within
Level 3 of the hierarchy, the judgment used to estimate fair value is more significant than when estimating the fair value of instruments classified
within Levels 1 and 2. To ensure that valuations are appropriate, a number of policies and controls are in place, including independent validation of
valuation inputs to external sources such as exchange quotes, broker quotes or other management-approved independent pricing sources.
The following table presents amounts, in each category of financial instruments, which are valued using valuation techniques based on Level 3
inputs. For further details of the valuation of and sensitivity associated with Level 3 financial assets and liabilities, see Note 2 to the consolidated
financial statements.
$ millions, as at October 31
Assets
Securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL and loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL
Debt securities measured at FVOCI and equity securities designated at FVOCI
Derivative instruments
Liabilities
Deposits and other liabilities
(2)
Derivative instruments
Level 3
$
$
691
191
71
953
$
242
1,874
$ 2,116
2023
Total (1)
0.8 %
0.3
0.2
0.5 %
0.7 %
4.5
2.1 %
Level 3
$ 1,194
161
67
$ 1,422
$
409
1,586
$ 1,995
2022
Total (1)
1.7 %
0.3
0.2
0.8 %
1.5 %
3.0
2.0 %
(1) Represents the percentage of Level 3 assets and liabilities over total assets and liabilities for each reported category that are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at
fair value.
(2) Includes FVO deposits and bifurcated embedded derivatives.
88 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements presents the valuation methods used to determine fair value showing separately those financial
instruments that are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet and those that are not.
In order to reflect the observed market practice of pricing collateralized and uncollateralized derivatives, our valuation approach uses overnight
indexed swap curves as the discount rate in the valuation of collateralized derivatives and market cost of funding in the valuation of uncollateralized
derivatives. The use of a market cost of funds curve reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative assets incremental to the reduction in fair
value for credit risk already reflected through the CVA. In contrast, the use of a market cost of funds curve reduces the fair value of uncollateralized
derivative liabilities in a manner that generally includes adjustments for our own credit. As market practices continue to evolve in regard to derivative
valuation, further adjustments may be required in the future.
Fair value adjustments
We apply judgment in establishing valuation adjustments that take into account various factors that may have an impact on the valuation of financial
instruments that are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the bid-offer spread,
illiquidity due to lack of market depth and other market risks, parameter uncertainty, model risk, and credit risk.
The establishment of fair value adjustments involves estimates that are based on accounting processes and judgments by management. We
evaluate the adequacy of the fair value adjustments on an ongoing basis. The level of fair value adjustments could change as events warrant and
may not reflect ultimate realizable amounts.
As at October 31, 2023, the total valuation adjustments related to financial instruments carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet
was $373 million (2022: $326 million), primarily related to credit risk, bid-offer spreads, and parameter uncertainty of our derivative assets and
liabilities, as well as adjustments recognized for valuing our uncollateralized derivative assets and liabilities based on an estimated market cost of
funds curve.
Impairment of financial assets
Under IFRS 9, we establish and maintain ECL allowances for all debt instrument financial assets classified as amortized cost or FVOCI. In addition,
the ECL allowances apply to loan commitments and financial guarantees that are not measured at FVTPL.
ECL allowances represent credit losses that reflect an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of
possible outcomes, the time value of money and reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of
future economic conditions. One of the objectives of IFRS 9 is to record lifetime losses on all financial instruments that have experienced a
significant increase in credit risk since their initial recognition. As a result, ECL allowances are measured at amounts equal to either: (i) 12-month
ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition or when
there is objective evidence of impairment.
Key drivers of expected credit loss
The ECL impairment requirements of IFRS 9 require that we make judgments and estimates related to matters that are uncertain. In particular, the
ECL requirements of IFRS 9 incorporate the following elements that are subject to a high level of judgment:
Measuring both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and
Forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of each scenario.
Determining when a significant increase in credit risk of a loan has occurred;
In addition, the interrelationship between these elements is also subject to a high degree of judgment. Changes in the judgments and estimates
related to IFRS 9 can have a significant impact on the level of ECL allowance recognized and the period-over-period volatility of the provision for
credit losses. Changes in a particular period could have a material impact on our financial results.
We continue to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment. During the year ended October 31, 2023, unfavourable credit migration,
parameter updates and unfavourable changes in our economic outlook resulted in an increase in our stage 1 and stage 2 performing ECLs. There is
inherent uncertainty in estimating the impact that higher levels of interest rates, the easing of inflationary pressures, events in the U.S. banking sector
and geopolitical events will have on the macroeconomic environment. As a result, a heightened level of judgment in estimating ECLs in respect of all
these elements as discussed above, continued to be required. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. See Note 5 to our
consolidated financial statements for more information concerning the high level of judgment inherent in the estimation of ECL allowance under IFRS 9.
Use of the regulatory framework
Our ECL models leverage the data, systems and processes that are used to calculate Basel expected loss regulatory adjustments for the portion of
our retail and business and government portfolios under the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach. Significant judgment is applied in leveraging the
data and modelling techniques used to calculate Basel risk parameters to meet IFRS 9 requirements, including the conversion of through-the-cycle
estimates to the point-in-time parameters used under IFRS 9 that consider forward-looking information. In addition, credit losses under IFRS 9 are
12 months for stage 1 financial instruments and lifetime for stage 2 and stage 3 financial instruments, compared to 12 months for IRB portfolios
under Basel. The main differences between Basel risk parameters and IFRS 9 parameters are explained in the table below:
Regulatory Capital
IFRS 9
Through-the-cycle PD represents long-run average PD
throughout a full economic cycle
Point-in-time 12-month or lifetime PD based on current conditions
and relevant forward-looking assumptions
Downturn LGD based on losses that would be expected in an
economic downturn and subject to certain regulatory floors
Unbiased probability-weighted LGD based on estimated LGD
including impact of relevant forward-looking assumptions such as
changes in collateral value
Discounted using the cost of capital or opportunity cost
Discounted using the original effective interest rate
Based on the drawn balance plus expected utilization of any
undrawn portion prior to default, and cannot be lower than the
drawn balance
Amortization and repayment of principal and interest from the
balance sheet date to the default date is also captured
ECL is discounted from the default date to the reporting date
PD
LGD
EAD
Other
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 89
Management’s discussion and analysis
Attribution of provision for credit losses
We recognize provision for credit losses on both impaired (stage 3) and performing (stages 1 and 2) loans in the respective SBUs. Provision for
credit losses recognized directly on our consolidated statement of income is in respect to financial instruments classified as loans and bankers’
acceptances. Provision for credit losses for FVOCI debt securities and amortized cost securities are recognized in Gains (losses) from debt
securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net in the consolidated statement of income.
Hedge accounting
The IFRS 9 hedge accounting guidance is intended to better align the accounting with risk management activities. However, IFRS 9 allows the
existing hedge accounting requirements under IAS 39 to continue in place of the hedge accounting requirements under IFRS 9. As permitted, we
previously elected to not adopt the IFRS 9 hedge accounting requirements and instead retained the IAS 39 hedge accounting requirements. As
required, we have adopted the hedge accounting disclosure requirements under amendments to IFRS 7 that were effective in 2018. As a result of
interest rate benchmark reform, we have adopted “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7” (Phase 1
amendments) issued by the IASB as of November 1, 2019, and adopted “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Phase 2 Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39,
IFRS 7, IFRS 4, and IFRS 16” (Phase 2 amendments) as of November 1, 2020. See the “Other regulatory developments – Interest rate benchmark
reform” section for more information.
Securitizations and structured entities
Securitization of our own assets
Under IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” (IFRS 10), judgment is exercised in determining whether an investor controls an investee
including assessing whether the investor has: (i) power over the investee; (ii) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the
investee; and (iii) the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Power may be exercised through voting or similar rights or, in
the case of SEs, through contractual arrangements that direct the relevant activities of the investee. When voting rights are not relevant in deciding
whether CIBC has power over an entity, particularly for complex SEs, the assessment of control considers all facts and circumstances, including the
purpose and design of the investee, its relationship with other parties and each party’s ability to make decisions over significant activities, and
whether CIBC is acting as a principal or as an agent.
We sponsor several SEs that have purchased and securitized our own assets including Cards II Trust, which we consolidate under IFRS 10.
We also securitize our own mortgage assets through a government-sponsored securitization program. We sell these securitized assets to a
government-sponsored securitization vehicle that we do not consolidate, as well as to other third parties. IFRS 9 provides guidance on when to
derecognize financial assets. A financial asset is derecognized when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
when we have transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the asset such that:
We have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset; or
We have neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but have transferred control of the asset.
We have determined that our securitization activities related to residential mortgages and cards receivables are accounted for as secured
borrowing transactions because we have not met the aforementioned criteria.
Securities lending and repurchase transactions generally do not result in the transfer of substantially all the risks and rewards of the securities
and as a result do not result in derecognition of the securities.
We also sell certain U.S. commercial mortgages to third parties that qualify for derecognition because we have transferred substantially all the
risks and rewards of the mortgages and have no continuous involvement after the transfer.
Securitization of third-party assets
We also sponsor several SEs that purchase pools of third-party assets. We consider a number of factors in determining whether CIBC controls these
SEs. We monitor the extent to which we support these SEs, through direct investment in the debt issued by the SEs and through the provision of
liquidity protection to the other debtholders, to assess whether we should consolidate these entities.
IFRS 10 also requires that we reconsider our consolidation assessment if facts and circumstances relevant to the entities indicate that there are
changes to one or more of the three elements of control described above. Factors that trigger reassessment include, but are not limited to,
significant changes in ownership structure of the entities, changes in contractual or governance arrangements, provision of a liquidity facility beyond
the original terms, transactions with the entities that were not contemplated originally and changes in the financing structure of the entities.
Specifically, in relation to our multi-seller conduits, we would reconsider our consolidation assessment if our level of interest in the ABCP issued
by the conduits changes significantly, or in the rare event that the liquidity facility that we provide to the conduits is drawn or amended.
A significant increase in our holdings of the outstanding commercial paper issued by the conduits would become more likely in a scenario in
which the market for bank-sponsored ABCP suffered a significant deterioration such that the conduits were unable to roll their ABCP.
For additional information on the securitizations of our own assets and third-party assets, see the “Financial condition – Off-balance sheet
arrangements” section and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
Leases
As a lessee, we recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability based on the present value of future lease payments, less any
lease incentives receivable, when the lessor makes the leased asset available for use to CIBC. We apply judgment in determining the appropriate
lease term, which is based on the non-cancellable portion of the lease term, adjusted for any renewal or termination options that are reasonably
certain to be exercised. In accounting for the lease, we also determine the appropriate discount rates based on the rate implicit in the lease, if
determinable, or on CIBC’s incremental borrowing rate.
As an intermediate lessor, we apply judgment to classify a sublease as an operating or finance sublease based on whether substantially all of
the risks and rewards related to the underlying right-of-use asset are transferred to the sub-lessee. If classified as a finance sublease, the related
right-of-use asset is derecognized and an investment in sublease is recognized based on the head lease discount rate unless the rate implicit in the
sublease is determinable. Where a finance sublease includes lease and non-lease components, we allocate the total consideration in the contract to
each component based on our estimation of the standalone prices for each of these components. The investment in sublease is subsequently
measured using the effective interest rate method, with interest income recognized over the term of the sublease. Rental income from operating
subleases is recognized on a systematic basis over the lease term. For both finance and operating subleases, we apply similar judgments as when
we are acting as a lessee to determine the appropriate lease term.
90 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Asset impairment
Goodwill
As at October 31, 2023, we had goodwill of $5,425 million (2022: $5,348 million). Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested, at least annually, for
impairment by comparing the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which goodwill has been allocated, with the carrying amount
of the CGU including goodwill. Any deficiency is recognized as impairment of goodwill. The recoverable amount of a CGU is defined as the higher
of its estimated fair value less cost to sell and its value in use. Goodwill is also required to be tested for impairment whenever there are indicators
that it may be impaired.
Estimation of the recoverable amount is an area of significant judgment. Recoverable amounts are estimated using internally developed
models that require the use of significant assumptions including forecasted earnings, discount rates, growth rates, forecasted regulatory capital
requirements, and price-earnings multiples. Reductions in the estimated recoverable amount could arise from various factors, such as reductions in
forecasted cash flows, an increase in the assumed level of required capital, and any adverse changes to the discount rate or terminal growth rates
either in isolation or in any combination thereof. Where our estimated recoverable amount is not significantly in excess of the carrying amount of the
CGU, additional judgment is required, and reductions in the recoverable amount are more likely to result in an impairment charge.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, we performed our annual impairment test. We concluded that the recoverable amounts of our CGUs were in
excess of their carrying amounts.
For additional information, see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
Other intangible assets and long-lived assets
As at October 31, 2023, we had other intangible assets with an indefinite life of $116 million (2022: $143 million) and with a definite life of
$259 million (2022: $358 million). Acquired intangible assets are separately recognized if the benefits of the intangible assets are obtained through
contractual or other legal rights, or if the intangible assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged. Determining the useful lives of
intangible assets requires judgment and fact-based analysis.
Intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized but are assessed for impairment by comparing the recoverable amount to the
carrying amount. The recoverable amount is defined as the higher of the estimated fair value less cost to sell and value in use. An impairment test is
required at least annually, or whenever there are indicators that these assets may be impaired. On October 31, 2023, CIBC FirstCaribbean
announced its intent to rebrand as CIBC, and we therefore recognized an impairment charge of $27 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to
the impairment of the indefinite-lived brand name intangible asset acquired as part of the CIBC FirstCaribbean acquisition.
Long-lived assets and other identifiable intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their estimated useful lives. These assets are
tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount is higher than the recoverable amount.
Determining the recoverable amount of intangible assets and long-lived assets is an area of judgment as we estimate the future cash flows
expected to result from the use of the asset and, where appropriate, cash flows arising from the asset’s eventual disposition.
For additional information, see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
Income taxes
We are committed to responsible tax practices. We exercise active tax governance and tax compliance processes in accordance with the statutory
obligations of all jurisdictions in which we operate. We seek to manage tax risk to ensure any financial exposure is well understood and remains
consistent with our strategy, overall risk and reputational risk appetite.
We are subject to income tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we operate, and the complex tax laws are potentially subject to different
interpretations by us and the relevant taxation authority. Management judgment is applied in the interpretation of the relevant tax laws and in
estimating the expected timing and amount of the provision for current and deferred income taxes based on an assessment of the relevant factors.
Current tax is calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. For Canadian income taxes, substantively
enacted is generally interpreted to occur at the point of a third reading in a Canadian Parliament held by a minority government, or the first reading
in a Canadian Parliament held by a majority government.
Deferred tax assets or liabilities are determined for each temporary difference based on the tax rates that are expected to be in effect in the
period that the assets are realized or the liabilities are settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the
reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are not recognized on temporary differences arising on our NIFOs if they are not expected to reverse in the foreseeable
future and we expect to control the timing of reversal. Deferred tax assets are not recognized on temporary differences arising on our NIFOs if they
are not expected to reverse in the foreseeable future and it is not probable future taxable profits will be available against which these deductible
temporary differences can be utilized.
We assess quarterly the probability that our deferred tax assets will be realized prior to their expiration and determine if any portion of our
deferred tax assets should not be recognized.
For further details on our income taxes, see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
Contingent liabilities and provisions
Legal proceedings and other contingencies
In the ordinary course of its business, CIBC is a party to a number of legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations, in which claims for
substantial monetary damages are asserted against CIBC and its subsidiaries. Legal provisions are established if, in the opinion of management, it
is both probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of
the obligation. If the reliable estimate of probable loss involves a range of potential outcomes within which a specific amount appears to be a better
estimate, that amount is accrued. If no specific amount within the range of potential outcomes appears to be a better estimate than any other
amount, the mid-point in the range is accrued. In some instances, however, it is not possible to determine whether an obligation is probable or to
reliably estimate the amount of loss, in which case no accrual can be made.
While there is inherent difficulty in predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, based on current knowledge and in consultation with legal counsel,
we do not expect the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.
However, the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, may be material to our operating results for a particular reporting period. We
regularly assess the adequacy of CIBC’s litigation accruals and make the necessary adjustments to incorporate new information as it becomes
available.
CIBC considers losses to be reasonably possible when they are neither probable nor remote. It is reasonably possible that CIBC may incur
losses in addition to the amounts recorded when the loss accrued is the mid-point of a range of reasonably possible losses, or the potential loss
pertains to a matter in which an unfavourable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable.
A description of significant ongoing matters to which CIBC is a party can be found in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements. The
provisions disclosed in Note 22 include all of CIBC’s accruals for legal matters as at October 31, 2023, including amounts related to the significant
legal proceedings described in that note and to other legal matters.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 91
Management’s discussion and analysis
CIBC believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of the amounts accrued, for its significant legal
proceedings, where it is possible to make such an estimate, is from nil to approximately $0.6 billion as at October 31, 2023. This estimated
aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those significant proceedings in which CIBC is
involved, taking into account CIBC’s best estimate of such losses for those cases for which an estimate can be made. CIBC’s estimate involves
significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings and the existence of multiple defendants in many of such proceedings whose
share of the liability has yet to be determined. The range does not include potential punitive damages. The matters underlying the estimated range
as at October 31, 2023, consist of the significant legal matters disclosed in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements. The matters underlying
the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate. For certain matters, CIBC does
not believe that an estimate can currently be made as many of them are in preliminary stages and certain matters have no specific amount claimed.
Consequently, these matters are not included in the range.
Post-employment and other long-term benefit plan assumptions
We sponsor a number of benefit plans to eligible employees, including registered and supplemental pension plans, and post-retirement medical
and dental plans (other post-employment benefit plans). We also continue to sponsor long-term disability medical and dental benefit plans
(collectively, other long-term benefit plans). The long-term disability income replacement plan that was previously closed to new claims as of
June 2004, was settled effective December 2021.
The calculation of net defined benefit plan expense and obligations depends on various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, health-
care cost trend rates, turnover of employees, projected salary increases, retirement age, and mortality rates. The actuarial assumptions used for
determining the net defined benefit plan expense for a fiscal year are set at the beginning of the annual reporting period, are reviewed in
accordance with accepted actuarial practice and are approved by management. We applied additional judgment in developing salary-related
assumptions for the year ended October 31, 2023 given the impact of inflationary pressures on employee compensation and our public
commitments to additional wage increases for certain employees.
The discount rate assumption used in measuring the net defined benefit plan expense and obligations reflects market yields, as of the
measurement date, on high-quality debt instruments with a currency and term to maturity that match the currency and expected timing of benefit
payments. Our discount rate is estimated by developing a yield curve based on high-quality corporate bonds. While there is a deep market of high-
quality corporate bonds denominated in Canadian dollars with short and medium terms to maturity, there is not a deep market in bonds with terms
to maturity that match the timing of all the expected benefit payments for all of our Canadian plans. As a result, for our Canadian pension, other
post-employment and other long-term benefit plans, we estimate the yields of high-quality corporate bonds with longer-term maturities by
extrapolating current yields on bonds with short- and medium-term durations along the yield curve. Judgment is required in constructing the yield
curve, and as a result, different methodologies applied in constructing the yield curve can give rise to different discount rates.
For further details of our annual pension and other post-employment expense and obligations, see Note 1 and Note 18 to the consolidated
financial statements.
Self-managed loyalty points program
We sponsor certain self-managed credit card loyalty points programs for which we recognize credit card loyalty point liabilities that are subject to
periodic remeasurement to reflect the expected cost of redemption as this expectation changes over time. The calculation of the expected cost of
redemption requires the use of judgment and depends on various assumptions, including estimation of the cost per point and the long-term
redemption rate.
For further details on our self-managed loyalty points programs, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Accounting developments
Transition to IFRS 17
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” (IFRS 17), issued in May 2017, replaces IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts” (IFRS 4). In June 2020, the IASB issued
amendments to IFRS 17 partly aimed at helping companies implement the standard. IFRS 17, incorporating the amendments, is effective for annual
reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, which for us will be November 1, 2023. IFRS 17 provides comprehensive guidance on the
recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts we issue and reinsurance contracts we hold. IFRS 17 requires
groups of insurance contracts to be established and measured on the basis of fulfilment cash flows using the measurement models outlined by the
standard. Insurance contracts under the General Measurement Model (GMM) are measured based on the present value of fulfilment cash flows, a
risk adjustment for non-financial risks, and a contractual service margin (CSM) representing our unearned profits on a portfolio basis, further
disaggregated into profitability groups. We expect to apply GMM to our insurance contracts with contract boundaries exceeding a year. Contracts
under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) are measured on the basis of premiums received and related cash flows. We expect to apply the
PAA measurement model to our insurance contracts with contract boundaries shorter than a year. Under both measurement models, the liability for
incurred claims is measured on the basis of fulfilment cash flows relating to claims incurred. Key differences between IFRS 4 and IFRS 17 which are
applicable to CIBC include the following:
Under IFRS 4, gains or losses from new business are recognized immediately. Under IFRS 17, gains from new business are deferred and
recognized over time as insurance services are provided. If a group of contracts is expected to be onerous at initial recognition or turns
onerous subsequently, the losses will be recognized immediately.
Under IFRS 4, the discount rate used to measure the insurance contract liability is determined on the basis of the assets supporting the
insurance liability. Under IFRS 17, the discount rate used to measure the insurance contracts issued and reinsurance held is based upon the
characteristics of the insurance contract.
We expect to adopt IFRS 17 retrospectively for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2023, with a restatement of the 2023 comparative period. The
after-tax reduction to retained earnings is expected to be approximately $55 million at the beginning of the comparative year as of November 1, 2022.
The implementation of IFRS 17 is overseen by an Executive Steering Committee. The Executive Steering Committee includes stakeholders from
the frontline business and functional groups including Finance, Technology and Risk Management as well as our Appointed Actuary. We have
completed our evaluation of changes to our accounting and actuarial policies resulting from the adoption of IFRS 17 and have implemented a
technology solution to support the new accounting requirements.
International Tax Reform Pillar Two Model Rules – Amendments to IAS 12
On May 23, 2023, the IASB issued “International Tax Reform – Pillar Two Model Rules”, which amended IAS 12 “Income Taxes” (IAS 12), to provide
temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure for deferred taxes arising from the implementation of Pillar Two model rules published by the OECD.
The Pillar Two model rules provide a general framework for the implementation of a 15% global minimum tax, which is to be applied on a jurisdiction by
92 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
jurisdiction basis. CIBC has retrospectively adopted this amendment and applied the exception to recognizing and disclosing deferred taxes related to
Pillar Two income taxes. Further amendments require certain additional disclosures on Pillar Two income tax exposures as of CIBC’s fiscal year
beginning November 1, 2023.
Other regulatory developments
Interest rate benchmark reform
Various interest rate and other indices that are deemed to be “benchmarks” (including LIBOR) are the subject of international regulatory guidance and
proposals for reform. Regulators in various jurisdictions have pushed for the transition from Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs) to alternative benchmark
rates (alternative rates), based upon risk-free rates determined using actual market transactions. Following the previous announcements by various
regulators, the publication of LIBOR settings for all sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and euro, as well as 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR settings
was discontinued on December 31, 2021. The publication of remaining USD LIBOR settings was discontinued on June 30, 2023. In December 2021,
the Canadian Alternative Reference Rate working group (CARR) recommended to Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited (RBSL), the Canadian
Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) administrator, to cease the calculation and publication of CDOR after June 30, 2024 and proposed a two-staged
approach to the transition from CDOR to Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA). Following public consultation, on May 16, 2022, RBSL
announced that it will permanently cease the publication and calculation of all remaining tenors of CDOR after June 28, 2024. Additionally, in
July 2023, CARR announced that no new CDOR or bankers’ acceptance (BA) loans are to be originated after November 1, 2023.
In response to the reforms to interest rate benchmarks, CIBC established an Enterprise IBOR Transition Program (Program), to manage and
coordinate all aspects of the transition. The Program is supported by a formal governance structure and dedicated working groups that include
stakeholders from frontline businesses as well as functional groups such as Treasury, Technology and Operations, Risk Management, Legal, and
Finance, to facilitate the transition.
The IASB issued amendments to impacted accounting standards to provide relief to entities impacted by the transition to alternative rates. In
September 2019, the IASB issued “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7” (the Phase 1 amendments), which
allow us to continue hedge accounting by assuming that the interest rate benchmarks which are the basis for the hedged risk, the cash flows of the
hedged item or the hedging instrument are not altered as a result of the reform. For the bank’s cash flow hedges of forecast transactions that are
directly impacted by IBOR reform, for the purpose of assessing whether a forecast transaction is highly probable or expected to occur, these
amendments allow us to assume that the benchmark interest rate on which the hedged cash flows are based is not altered as a result of IBOR
reform. Phase 1 amendments also provide temporary exceptions to allow hedge accounting to continue if a hedge relationship does not meet
certain hedge effectiveness assessment criteria solely as a result of IBOR reform.
In August 2020, the IASB issued “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Phase 2 Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16” (the
Phase 2 amendments), which address issues once an existing rate is replaced with an alternative rate. The Phase 2 amendments provide temporary
relief that allows for hedging relationships to continue upon the replacement of an existing interest rate benchmark with an alternative rate under
certain qualifying conditions. These amendments also allow us to redefine the hedged risk to an alternative rate, and to amend the description of the
hedged item and the hedging instrument, and the description of how we will assess hedge effectiveness to reflect changes required by the reform
without discontinuing the hedge relationship. The Phase 2 amendments also provide temporary relief that allows us to designate an alternative rate
as a risk component to hedge provided that we reasonably expect that the alternative rate will become separately identifiable within 24 months of its
first designation and also permit modifications of amortized cost financial assets and financial liabilities that are made as a direct consequence of
IBOR reform and on an economically equivalent basis to be accounted for by updating the effective interest rate prospectively. The Phase 2
amendments also provide for additional disclosure requirements.
As we elected to continue to apply the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39 upon the adoption of IFRS 9, only the amendments to the
classification and measurement sections of IFRS 9, the hedge accounting sections of IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 apply to us. CIBC elected
to early adopt the Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments effective November 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020, respectively. As a result, we have
provided additional disclosures related to our exposures to significant benchmark rates subject to the reform in Note 1 to our consolidated financial
statements.
OSFI Guideline B-13 – Technology and Cyber Risk Management
On July 13, 2022, OSFI issued the final Guideline B-13, which will become effective on January 1, 2024. This guideline is new, sets out OSFI’s
expectations to support FRFIs in developing greater resilience to technology and cyber risks, taking a risk-based approach that allows FRFIs to take
advantage of innovation while maintaining sound technology risk management. The Guideline is organized around three domains, each of which
sets out key components for sound risk management: Governance and Risk Management, Technology Operations and Resilience, and Cyber
Security. Efforts are underway to ensure compliance with the Guideline.
OSFI Guideline – Assurance on Capital, Leverage and Liquidity Returns
On November 7, 2022, OSFI issued a Guideline on Assurance on Capital, Leverage and Liquidity Returns, which sets out OSFI’s three-step
approach to enhancing and aligning assurance expectations over regulatory capital, leverage and liquidity returns, including expectations
concerning the role of management, Internal Audit and the external auditors. The Guideline is effective in stages over a three year period beginning
in fiscal 2023, including the requirement for an external audit opinion on the numerator and denominator of key regulatory ratios in fiscal 2025.
OSFI Guideline B-10 – Third-Party Risk Management
On April 24, 2023, OSFI published the final Guideline B-10, which sets out associated risk management expectations for FRFIs and will become
effective on May 1, 2024. The Guideline emphasizes governance and risk management programs associated with effective third-party risk
management. Key changes include an expanded scope from outsourcing arrangements to third-party arrangements and a widened risk lens,
including subcontracting, concentration, technology and cyber risks. FRFIs are expected to apply this Guideline in a manner that is proportionate to
both the risk and criticality of each third-party arrangement, and the size, nature, scope, complexity of operations and risk profile of the FRFI. A
detailed readiness assessment is in progress and activities are underway to ensure compliance with requirements by May 1, 2024.
OSFI Guideline B-15 – Climate Risk Management
On March 7, 2023, OSFI published the final Guideline B-15, which sets out OSFI’s expectations for the management of climate-related risks, and will
become effective for D-SIBs for the fiscal periods ending on or after October 1, 2024. For additional information, see the “Top and emerging risks –
Climate risk” section.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 93
Management’s discussion and analysis
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Special Assessment
On November 16, 2023, the FDIC Board of Directors approved the final ruling to implement a special assessment on certain insured U.S. depository
institutions to recover the cost associated with protecting uninsured depositors following the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. The
FDIC will impose the special assessment at an annual rate of approximately 13.4 basis points of an insured depository institution’s (IDI’s) estimated
uninsured deposits as of December 31, 2022, adjusted to exclude the first US$5 billion applicable to IDI for an anticipated total of eight quarterly
assessment periods. The special assessment will be collected beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2024 (i.e., January 1 through
March 31, 2024, with an invoice payment date of June 28, 2024). Our U.S. depository institution, CIBC Bank USA, will be subject to this special
assessment. The impact of this special assessment for CIBC is estimated to be approximately US$67 million, which will be recognized in the first
quarter of 2024.
Related-party transactions
We have various processes in place to ensure that the relevant related-party information is identified and reported to the CGC of the Board on a
quarterly basis, as required by the Bank Act (Canada). The CGC has the responsibility for reviewing our policies and practices in identifying
transactions with our related parties that may materially affect us, and reviewing the associated procedures for promoting compliance with the Bank
Act (Canada).
In the ordinary course of business, we provide banking services and enter into transactions with related parties on terms similar to those
offered to unrelated parties. Related parties include key management personnel(1), their close family members, and entities that they or their close
family members control or jointly control. Related parties also include associates and joint ventures accounted for under the equity method, and
post-employment benefit plans for CIBC employees. Loans to these related parties are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially
the same terms as for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. We offer a subsidy on annual fees and preferential interest rates on credit
card balances to senior officers which is the same offer extended to all employees of CIBC. In addition, CIBC offers deferred share and other plans
to non-employee directors, executives, and certain other key employees. Details of our compensation of key management personnel
investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures are disclosed in Notes 17, 18, 24 and 25 to the consolidated financial statements.
and our
(1)
(1) Key management personnel are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of CIBC directly or
indirectly and comprise the members of the Board (referred to as directors), ExCo and certain named officers per the Bank Act (Canada) (collectively referred to as senior
officers). Board members who are also ExCo members are included as senior officers.
Policy on the Scope of Services of the Shareholders’ Auditor
The “Policy on the Scope of Services of the Shareholders’ Auditor” sets out the parameters for the engagement of the shareholders’ auditor by CIBC
that are consistent with applicable law, including the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC rules. The policy requires the Audit Committee’s
pre-approval of all work performed by the shareholders’ auditor and prohibits CIBC from engaging the shareholders’ auditor for “prohibited”
services. The Audit Committee is accountable for the oversight of the work of the shareholders’ auditor and for an annual assessment of the
engagement team’s qualifications, performance and independence, including lead audit partner rotation. The Audit Committee is also responsible
for conducting a periodic comprehensive review of the external auditor at least every five years. The Audit Committee’s oversight activities over the
shareholders’ auditor are disclosed in our Management Proxy Circular.
Controls and procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures
CIBC’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that relevant information is accumulated and
communicated to CIBC’s management, including the President and CEO and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure.
CIBC’s management, with the participation of the President and CEO and the CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of CIBC’s disclosure controls
and procedures as at October 31, 2023 (as defined in the rules of the SEC and the CSA). Based on that evaluation, the President and CEO and the
CFO have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting
CIBC’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for CIBC.
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the President and CEO and the CFO and
effected by the Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. CIBC’s internal control over financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records, that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of CIBC; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, and that receipts and expenditures of CIBC are being
made only in accordance with authorizations of CIBC’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or
timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of CIBC’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial
statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements on a timely
basis. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement
preparation and presentation.
CIBC’s management has used the Internal Control – Integrated Framework that was published in 2013 by the COSO as the basis to evaluate
the effectiveness of CIBC’s internal control over financial reporting.
As at October 31, 2023, management assessed the effectiveness of CIBC’s internal control over financial reporting and concluded that such
internal control was effective.
Ernst & Young LLP, the shareholders’ auditor, has audited the consolidated financial statements of CIBC for the year ended October 31, 2023,
and has also issued a report on internal control over financial reporting under standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States).
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There have been no changes in CIBC’s internal control over financial reporting during the year ended October 31, 2023, that have materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control.
94 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Supplementary annual financial information
Average balance sheet, net interest income and margin
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Domestic assets (2)
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale
agreements
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Total loans
Other interest-bearing assets
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other non-interest-bearing assets
Total domestic assets
Foreign assets (2)
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale
agreements
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Total loans
Other interest-bearing assets
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other non-interest-bearing assets
Total foreign assets
Total assets
Domestic liabilities (2)
Personal
Deposits
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Total deposits
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Obligations related to securities sold short
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under
repurchase agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Total domestic liabilities
Foreign liabilities (2)
Personal
Deposits
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Total deposits
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Obligations related to securities sold short
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under
repurchase agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Total foreign liabilities
Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Non-controlling interests
Total liabilities and equity
Average balance (1)
Interest
Average rate
2023
2022
2021
2023
2022
2021
2023
2022
2021
$
23,261 $
99,012
24,833 $
88,483
37,527 $
82,262
1,265 $
4,629
384 $
2,072
95
1,567
5.44 % 1.55 %
4.68
2.34
0.25 %
1.90
30,377
265,871
43,029
16,335
97,113
422,348
5,556
15,569
11,497
23,779
631,399
29,606
256,600
41,687
13,236
86,543
398,066
9,488
15,426
11,909
25,385
603,196
27,203
230,606
39,939
10,171
70,755
351,471
8,901
11,382
10,613
21,371
550,730
1,646
11,236
3,382
2,080
5,888
22,586
254
–
–
–
30,380
509
6,722
2,075
1,687
2,795
13,279
123
–
–
–
16,367
154
5,141
1,624
1,338
1,712
9,815
45
–
–
–
11,676
5.42
4.23
7.86
12.73
6.06
5.35
4.57
–
–
–
4.81
1.72
2.62
4.98
12.75
3.23
3.34
1.30
–
–
–
2.71
0.57
2.23
4.07
13.16
2.42
2.79
0.51
–
–
–
2.12
36,817
97,449
34,703
88,234
30,270
72,870
1,612
2,712
324
1,350
36
574
4.38
2.78
0.93
1.53
0.12
0.79
53,527
5,294
1,335
143
94,599
101,371
2,480
16,866
–
8,212
316,722
165
157
55
28
1,995
2,235
55
–
–
–
3,065
$ 948,121 $ 900,213 $ 809,621 $ 45,019 $ 22,179 $ 14,741
49,196
4,941
1,347
133
84,337
90,758
2,522
24,127
–
7,477
297,017
51,157
4,501
1,192
129
66,677
72,499
923
24,186
1
6,985
258,891
2,920
251
65
30
6,894
7,240
155
–
–
–
14,639
666
187
65
28
3,103
3,383
89
–
–
–
5,812
$ 214,833 $ 204,075 $ 189,599 $
224,303
1,513
43,892
473,783
15,581
11,910
18,496
232,733
1,219
44,538
493,323
19,507
11,497
15,236
198,978
2,220
37,893
428,690
10,621
10,614
19,018
22,139
19,159
6,470
587,331
19,891
172,446
23,110
4,172
219,619
21,133
–
2,524
62,000
4,146
100
309,522
896,853
51,055
213
18,594
23,979
5,901
568,244
18,689
157,085
20,842
3,290
199,906
24,369
–
2,789
53,750
3,013
97
283,924
852,168
47,851
194
26,349
20,432
5,340
521,064
16,795
134,038
16,848
1,883
169,564
22,571
1
1,050
50,142
2,395
96
245,819
766,883
42,563
175
4,474 $
11,395
35
2,324
18,228
–
–
334
1,181
292
453
20,488
419
6,871
932
183
8,405
–
–
74
3,102
120
5
11,706
32,194
–
–
$ 948,121 $ 900,213 $ 809,621 $ 32,194 $
1,535 $
3,662
9
862
6,068
–
–
333
301
86
200
6,988
108
1,535
121
55
1,819
–
–
47
642
39
3
2,550
9,538
–
–
9,538 $
734
1,170
3
378
2,285
–
–
229
151
36
120
2,821
62
268
20
16
366
–
–
7
57
29
2
461
3,282
–
–
3,282
5.46
4.74
4.87
20.98
7.29
7.14
6.25
–
–
–
4.62
4.75 % 2.46 %
1.35
3.78
4.83
21.05
3.68
3.73
3.53
–
–
–
1.96
0.32
3.49
4.61
21.71
2.99
3.08
5.96
–
–
–
1.18
1.82 %
2.08 % 0.75 %
4.90
2.87
5.22
3.69
–
–
2.19
1.63
0.59
1.96
1.28
–
–
1.80
0.39 %
0.59
0.14
1.00
0.53
–
–
1.20
5.33
1.52
7.00
3.49
2.11
3.98
4.03
4.39
3.83
–
–
2.93
5.00
2.89
5.00
3.78
3.59
–
–
1.62
0.36
3.39
1.23
0.58
0.98
0.58
1.67
0.91
–
–
1.69
1.19
1.29
3.09
0.90
1.12
–
–
3.40 % 1.06 %
0.57
0.18
2.25
0.54
0.37
0.20
0.12
0.85
0.22
–
–
0.67
0.11
1.21
2.08
0.19
0.43
–
–
0.41 %
Net interest income and net interest margin (3)
$ 12,825 $ 12,641 $ 11,459
1.35 % 1.40 %
1.42 %
Additional disclosures: Non-interest-bearing deposit liabilities
Domestic
Foreign
$
83,530 $
22,990
92,579 $
25,950
76,224
22,396
(1) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(2) Classification as domestic or foreign is based on domicile of debtor or customer.
(3) Net interest income as a percentage of average assets.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 95
Management’s discussion and analysis
Volume/rate analysis of changes in net interest income
$ millions
2023/2022
2022/2021
Increase (decrease) due to change in:
Increase (decrease) due to change in:
Domestic assets (1)
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements
$
(24) $
247
13
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Total loans
Other interest-bearing assets
Change in domestic interest income
Foreign assets (1)
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Total loans
Other interest-bearing assets
Change in foreign interest income
Total change in interest income
Domestic liabilities (1)
Personal
Deposits
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Total deposits
Obligations related to securities sold short
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under repurchase
agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Change in domestic interest expense
Foreign liabilities (1)
Personal
Deposits
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Total deposits
Obligations related to securities sold short
Obligations related to securities lent or sold under repurchase
agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Change in foreign interest expense
Total change in interest expense
Average
balance
Average
rate
Total
881
2,557
1,137
4,514
1,307
393
3,093
9,307
131
$
905
2,310
1,124
4,271
1,240
(2)
2,752
8,261
182
12,782
14,013
1,268
1,221
2,195
51
1
–
3,413
3,465
67
8,216
1,288
1,362
2,254
64
–
2
3,791
3,857
66
8,827
Average
balance
Average
rate
$
(32)
119
14
579
71
403
382
1,435
3
1,539
5
121
(6)
15
7
1
528
551
95
766
$
321
386
341
1,002
380
(54)
701
2,029
75
3,152
283
655
507
15
3
(1)
580
597
(61)
1,981
$
Total
289
505
355
1,581
451
349
1,083
3,464
78
4,691
288
776
501
30
10
–
1,108
1,148
34
2,747
243
67
395
341
1,046
(51)
1,231
20
141
59
13
(1)
2
378
392
(1)
611
$ 1,842 $ 20,998
$ 22,840
$ 2,305
$ 5,133
$ 7,438
$
81 $
138
(2)
13
230
(59)
57
(17)
19
230
7
150
13
15
185
(4)
99
15
–
295
$
2,858
7,595
28
1,449
11,930
60
823
223
234
$
2,939
7,733
26
1,462
12,160
1
880
206
253
13,270
13,500
304
5,186
798
113
6,401
31
2,361
66
2
8,861
311
5,336
811
128
6,586
27
2,460
81
2
9,156
56
149
(1)
60
264
(6)
(44)
6
13
233
7
46
5
12
70
12
4
7
–
93
$
745
2,343
7
424
3,519
110
194
44
67
3,934
39
1,221
96
27
1,383
28
581
3
1
1,996
$
801
2,492
6
484
3,783
104
150
50
80
4,167
46
1,267
101
39
1,453
40
585
10
1
2,089
$
525 $ 22,131
$ 22,656
$
326
$ 5,930
$ 6,256
Change in total net interest income
$ 1,317 $
(1,133)
$
184
$ 1,979
$
(797)
$ 1,182
(1) Classification as domestic or foreign is based on domicile of debtor or customer.
96 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Analysis of net loans and acceptances
Canada (1)
U.S. (1)
Other (1)
Total
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
2022
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Total net consumer loans
$ 268,250 $ 264,089
43,210
15,523
43,298
17,673
$
329,221
322,822
Non-residential mortgages
Financial institutions
Retail and wholesale
Business services
Manufacturing – capital goods
Manufacturing – consumer goods
Real estate and construction
Agriculture
Oil and gas
Mining
Forest products
Hardware and software
Telecommunications and cable
Publishing, printing, and broadcasting
Transportation
Utilities
Education, health and social services
Governments
Others
Stage 1 and 2 allowance for credit losses
(2)
(3)
4,998
14,661
8,688
8,924
2,430
5,177
32,397
8,034
2,502
1,128
423
980
1,826
188
2,694
7,301
3,979
2,038
–
(280)
5,827
13,593
9,304
9,932
3,012
5,014
29,486
7,901
2,391
993
442
940
1,066
211
2,673
5,583
3,828
2,074
–
(260)
2023
2,641
528
27
3,196
–
20,852
3,044
5,418
2,618
1,730
23,468
367
1,380
204
126
3,304
1,108
268
2,521
5,090
4,995
251
–
(717)
$
$
2022
2,439
626
26
3,091
–
20,045
3,156
6,188
2,746
1,610
22,705
242
1,214
167
111
3,056
1,348
259
2,176
3,870
4,932
302
–
(370)
2023
2,897
744
153
3,794
219
4,310
804
2,157
39
177
1,270
19
57
727
–
475
377
50
2,324
4,943
27
1,932
–
(80)
2022
2023
2022
$
2,885 $ 273,788 $ 269,413
44,570
44,527
17,853
15,695
691
146
3,722
250
6,805
650
2,077
39
133
1,218
32
55
554
–
412
141
85
2,406
4,159
48
2,304
–
(113)
336,211
329,635
5,217
39,823
12,536
16,499
5,087
7,084
57,135
8,420
3,939
2,059
549
4,759
3,311
506
7,539
17,334
9,001
4,221
–
(1,077)
6,077
40,443
13,110
18,197
5,797
6,757
53,409
8,175
3,660
1,714
553
4,408
2,555
555
7,255
13,612
8,808
4,680
–
(743)
Total net business and government
loans, including acceptances
108,088
104,010
76,027
73,757
19,827
21,255
203,942
199,022
Total net loans and acceptances
$ 437,309 $ 426,832
$ 79,223
$ 76,848
$ 23,621
$ 24,977 $ 540,153 $ 528,657
(1) Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer.
(2) Stage 3 allowance for credit losses is allocated to business and government loans, including acceptances, by category above.
(3) Includes the allocation of Stage 1 and 2 allowance based on the geographic location where they are recorded.
Summary of allowance for credit losses
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
Balance at beginning of year
Provision for credit losses
Write-offs
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Total write-offs
Recoveries
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Total recoveries
Net write-offs
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of year
Comprises:
Loans
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures
Ratio of net write-offs during the year to average loans outstanding during the year
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
2023
$ 3,276
2,010
2022
$ 2,970
1,057
33
428
572
316
47
274
397
312
1,349
1,030
5
65
120
23
213
1,136
(69)
36
2
69
114
33
218
812
(35)
96
$ 4,117
$ 3,276
$ 3,902
215
$ 3,073
203
0.01 %
0.82
2.74
0.15
0.02 %
0.48
2.12
0.16
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 97
Management’s discussion and analysis
Net loans and acceptances by geographic location(1)
$ millions, as at October 31
Canada
Atlantic provinces
Quebec
Ontario
Prairie provinces
Alberta, Northwest Territories and Nunavut
British Columbia and Yukon
Stage 1 and 2 allowance allocated to Canada
(2)
(3)
Total Canada
U.S.
(2)
(3)
Other countries (3)
(2)
Total net loans and acceptances
2023
2022
$
16,829
44,488
237,333
16,412
49,529
74,681
(1,963)
437,309
79,223
23,621
$
16,108
41,703
229,250
16,580
49,666
75,385
(1,860)
426,832
76,848
24,977
$ 540,153
$ 528,657
(1) Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer.
(2) Includes the allocation of Stage 1 and 2 allowance based on the geographic location where they are recorded.
(3) For Canada, Stage 3 allowance for credit losses is allocated to provinces above, including acceptances. For U.S. and Other countries, amounts are net of Stage 3
allowances for credit losses.
Loans interest rate sensitivity
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Gross loans
Allowance for credit losses
Floating
Fixed rate (1)
Non-rate
sensitive
Total
Floating
Fixed rate (1)
$
90,003
36,623
–
139,399
266,025
$ 184,241
8,964
–
55,222
248,427
$
–
–
18,538
249
18,787
$ 274,244 $ 104,379
37,023
–
137,478
45,587
18,538
194,870
$ 165,327
8,406
–
50,842
278,880
224,575
533,239
(3,902)
$
529,337
Non-rate
sensitive
$
–
–
16,479
222
16,701
2022
Total
$ 269,706
45,429
16,479
188,542
520,156
(3,073)
$
517,083
(1) Bankers’ acceptances funded by CIBC are included as part of fixed rate loans.
98 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Net impaired loans
$ millions, as at October 31
Gross impaired loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Total gross impaired consumer loans
Non-residential mortgages
Financial institutions
Retail, wholesale and business services
Manufacturing – consumer and capital goods
Real estate and construction
Agriculture
Resource-based industries
Telecommunications, media and technology
Transportation
Utilities
Other
Total gross impaired – business and government loans
Total gross impaired loans
Other past due loans (2)
Total gross impaired and other past due loans
Allowance for credit losses
Residential mortgages
Personal
Total allowance – consumer loans
Non-residential mortgages
Financial institutions
Retail, wholesale and business services
Manufacturing – consumer and capital goods
Real estate and construction
Agriculture
Resource-based industries
Telecommunications, media and technology
Transportation
Utilities
Other
Total allowance – business and government loans
Total allowance
Net impaired loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Total net impaired consumer loans
Non-residential mortgages
Financial institutions
Retail, wholesale and business services
Manufacturing – consumer and capital goods
Real estate and construction
Agriculture
Resource-based industries
Telecommunications, media and technology
Transportation
Utilities
Other
Canada (1)
U.S. (1)
Other (1)
Total
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
$
$
564
200
764
3
13
281
23
60
29
12
7
6
–
120
554
1,318
123
1,441
355
155
510
1
11
187
26
63
11
12
6
4
28
129
478
988
122
1,110
112
148
260
–
5
225
12
10
12
10
4
2
–
61
341
601
452
52
504
3
8
56
11
50
17
2
3
4
–
59
48
101
149
–
1
161
9
10
7
9
4
2
9
39
251
400
307
54
361
1
10
26
17
53
4
3
2
2
19
90
$
21
$
12
33
–
78
99
54
1,004
–
–
35
14
–
–
1,284
1,317
–
1,317
4
8
12
–
14
4
–
243
–
–
8
1
–
–
270
282
17
4
21
–
64
95
54
761
–
–
27
13
–
–
19
18
37
–
30
55
67
131
–
23
15
–
–
2
323
360
–
360
5
6
11
–
–
17
–
8
–
10
3
–
–
–
38
49
14
12
26
–
30
38
67
123
–
13
12
–
–
2
$ 202
35
$ 222
54
$
$
787
247
237
276
21
–
61
3
32
–
–
–
1
–
–
118
355
3
358
108
25
133
6
–
36
1
13
–
–
–
–
–
–
56
23
–
51
3
41
–
–
–
1
–
–
119
395
3
398
114
39
153
8
–
34
1
18
–
–
–
1
–
–
62
1,034
24
91
441
80
1,096
29
12
42
21
–
120
1,956
2,990
126
3,116
224
181
405
6
19
265
13
266
12
10
12
3
–
61
667
189
215
1,072
94
10
104
15
–
25
2
19
–
–
–
1
–
–
62
108
15
123
15
–
17
2
23
–
–
–
–
–
–
563
66
629
18
72
176
67
830
17
2
30
18
–
59
57
1,289
596
227
823
24
41
293
96
235
11
35
21
5
28
131
920
1,743
125
1,868
167
146
313
8
1
212
10
36
7
19
7
3
9
39
351
664
429
81
510
16
40
81
86
199
4
16
14
2
19
92
569
Total net impaired – business and government loans
213
227
1,014
285
Total net impaired loans
$
717
$
588 $ 1,035
$ 311
$ 166
$ 180 $ 1,918
$ 1,079
(1) Classification by country is primarily based on domicile of debtor or customer.
(2) Represents loans where repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually in arrears between 90 and 180 days.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 99
Management’s discussion and analysis
Deposits
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Deposits in domestic bank offices (2)
Payable on demand
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Payable after notice
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Payable on a fixed date
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Total domestic
Deposits in foreign bank offices
Payable on demand
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Payable after notice
Personal
Business and government
Payable on a fixed date
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Total foreign
Total deposits
Average balance (1)
Interest
Rate
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
$
11,877 $
74,673
12,616
14,123 $
77,567
11,076
120,410
71,829
86
88,133
137,225
1,725
44,538
135,937
68,671
129
58,700
116,811
2,362
43,892
$
8
2,401
431
1,136
3,436
4
3,476
7,663
74
2,324
563,112
529,268
20,953
2,489
29,060
11
9,300
20,418
2,515
71,974
9,891
4,172
2,650
28,621
14
9,333
18,834
2,021
70,884
8,774
3,290
149,830
144,421
3
419
1
207
799
63
3,548
457
183
5,680
5
731
2
490
1,115
2
1,075
2,190
20
862
6,492
2
69
1
57
153
14
939
105
55
1,395
0.07 % 0.04 %
3.22
3.42
0.94
0.02
0.94
4.78
4.65
3.94
5.58
4.29
5.22
3.72
0.12
1.44
4.29
2.23
3.91
2.50
4.93
4.62
4.39
3.79
0.36
1.62
1.55
1.83
1.87
0.85
1.96
1.23
0.08
0.24
4.29
0.61
0.81
0.69
1.32
1.20
1.67
0.97
$ 712,942 $ 673,689 $ 26,633
$ 7,887
3.74 % 1.17 %
(1) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(2) Deposits by foreign depositors in our domestic bank offices amounted to $70.1 billion (2022: $55.8 billion).
Fees paid to the shareholders’ auditor
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Audit fees (1)
Audit-related fees (2)
Tax fees (3)
All other fees (4)
Total
2023
$ 27.3
3.6
2.2
0.3
$ 33.4
2022
$ 24.6
2.2
1.9
–
$ 28.7
(1) For the audit of CIBC’s annual financial statements and the audit of certain of our subsidiaries, as well as other services normally provided by the principal auditor in
connection with CIBC’s statutory and regulatory filings. Audit fees also include the audit of internal control over financial reporting under the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
(2) For the assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of CIBC’s consolidated financial statements, including
accounting consultation, various agreed upon procedures and translation of financial reports.
(3) For tax compliance and advisory services.
(4) Includes fees for non-audit services.
100 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Glossary
Allowance for credit losses
Under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9, allowance for credit losses represents 12 months of expected credit losses (ECL) for
instruments that have not been subject to a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, while allowance for credit losses represents
lifetime ECL for instruments that have been subject to a significant increase in credit risk, including impaired instruments. ECL allowances for loans
and acceptances are included in Allowance for credit losses on the consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances for fair value through other
comprehensive income (FVOCI) debt securities are included as a component of the carrying value of the securities, which are measured at fair
value. ECL allowances for other financial assets are included in the carrying value of the instrument. ECL allowances for guarantees and loan
commitments are included in Other liabilities.
Allowance for credit losses are adjusted for provisions for (reversals of) credit losses and are reduced by write-offs, net of recoveries.
Amortized cost
The amount at which a financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus repayments, plus or minus any unamortized
origination date premiums or discounts, plus or minus any basis adjustments resulting from a fair value hedge, and minus any reduction for
impairment (directly or through the use of an allowance account). The amount of a financial asset or liability measured at initial recognition is the
cost of the financial asset or liability including capitalized transaction costs and deferred fees.
Assets under administration (AUA)
Assets administered by CIBC that are beneficially owned by clients and are, therefore, not reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The
services provided by CIBC are of an administrative nature, such as safekeeping of securities, client reporting and record keeping, collection of
investment income, and the settlement of purchase and sale transactions. In addition, assets under management (AUM) amounts are included in
the amounts reported under AUA.
Assets under management (AUM)
Assets managed by CIBC that are beneficially owned by clients and are, therefore, not reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The service
provided in respect of these assets is discretionary portfolio management on behalf of the clients.
Average interest-earning assets
Average interest-earning assets include interest-bearing deposits with banks, interest-bearing demand deposits with the Bank of Canada,
securities, cash collateral on securities borrowed or securities purchased under resale agreements, loans net of allowance for credit losses, and
certain sublease-related assets. Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
Average trading interest-earning assets
Average trading interest-earning assets are average interest-earning assets related to trading activities that meet the risk definition of trading for
regulatory capital and trading market risk management purposes. Starting in the first quarter of 2023, trading activities also include certain fixed
income financing activities. The risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management is based on OSFI-defined trading
book criteria set out in OSFI’s CAR Guideline.
Basis point
One-hundredth of a percentage point (0.01%).
Collateral
Assets pledged to secure loans or other obligations, which are forfeited if the obligations are not repaid.
Collateralized debt obligation (CDO)
Securitization of any combination of corporate debt, asset-backed securities (ABS), mortgage-backed securities or tranches of other CDOs to form
a pool of diverse assets that are tranched into securities that offer varying degrees of risk and return to meet investor demand.
Collateralized loan obligation (CLO)
Securitizations of diversified portfolios of corporate debt obligations and/or ABS that are tranched into securities that offer varying degrees of risk
and return to meet investor demand.
Common shareholders’ equity
Common shareholders’ equity includes common shares, contributed surplus, retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income
(AOCI).
Credit derivatives
A category of financial instruments that allow one party (the beneficiary) to separate and transfer the credit risk of nonpayment or partial payment of
an underlying financial instrument to another party (the guarantor).
Credit valuation adjustment (CVA)
A valuation adjustment that is required to be considered in measuring fair value of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives to recognize the risk that any
given derivative counterparty may not ultimately be able to fulfill its obligations. In assessing the net counterparty credit risk (CCR) exposure, we
take into account credit mitigants such as collateral, master netting arrangements, and settlements through clearing houses.
Current replacement cost
The estimated cost of replacing an asset at the present time according to its current worth.
Derivatives
A financial contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying instrument, index or financial rate.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 101
Management’s discussion and analysis
Dividend payout ratio
Common share dividends paid as a percentage of net income after preferred share dividends, premium on preferred share redemptions, and
distributions on other equity instruments.
Dividend yield
Dividends per common share divided by the closing common share price.
Effective interest rate method
A method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the
relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of
the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability.
Efficiency ratio
Non-interest expenses as a percentage of total revenue (net interest income and non-interest income).
Exchange-traded derivative contracts
Standardized derivative contracts (e.g., futures contracts and options) that are transacted on an organized exchange and cleared through a central
clearing house, and are generally subject to standard margin requirements.
Fair value
The price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, between market participants in an orderly transaction in the principal
market at the measurement date under current market conditions.
Forward contracts
A non-standardized contract to buy or sell a specified asset at a specified price and specified date in the future.
Forward rate agreement
An OTC forward contract that determines an interest rate to be paid or received commencing on a specified date in the future for a specified period.
Full-time equivalent employees
A measure that normalizes the number of full-time and part-time employees, base salary plus commissioned employees, and 100% commissioned
employees into equivalent full-time units based on actual hours of paid work during a given period, for individuals whose compensation is included
in the Employee compensation and benefits line on the consolidated statement of income.
Futures
A standardized contract to buy or sell a specified commodity, currency or financial instrument of standardized quantity and quality at a specific
price and date in the future. Futures contracts are traded on an exchange.
Guarantees and standby letters of credit
Primarily represent CIBC’s obligation, subject to certain conditions, to make payments to third parties on behalf of clients, if these clients cannot
make those payments, or are unable to meet other specified contractual obligations.
Hedge
A transaction intended to offset potential losses/gains that may be incurred in a transaction or portfolio.
Loan loss ratio
The ratio is calculated as the provision for credit losses on impaired loans to average loans and acceptances, net of allowance for credit losses.
Mark-to-market
The fair value (as defined above) at which an asset can be sold or a liability can be transferred.
Net interest income
The difference between interest earned on assets (such as loans and securities) and interest incurred on liabilities (such as deposits and
subordinated indebtedness).
Net interest margin
Net interest income as a percentage of average assets.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets
Net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (excluding trading)
Net interest margin on average interest-earning assets (excluding trading) is computed using total net interest income minus trading net interest
income, excluding the taxable equivalent basis (TEB) adjustment included therein, divided by total average interest-earning assets excluding
average trading interest-earning assets.
Normal course issuer bid (NCIB)
Involves a listed company buying its own shares for cancellation through a stock exchange or other published market, from time to time, and is
subject to the various rules of the exchanges and securities commissions.
Notional amount
Principal amount or face amount of a financial contract used for the calculation of payments made on that contract.
102 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Off-balance sheet financial instruments
A financial contract that is based mainly on a notional amount and represents a contingent asset or liability of an institution. Such instruments
include credit-related arrangements.
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI)
OSFI supervises and regulates all banks, all federally incorporated or registered trust and loan companies, insurance companies, cooperative credit
associations, fraternal benefit societies, and federal pension plans in Canada.
Operating leverage
Operating leverage is the difference between the year-over-year percentage change in revenue and year-over-year percentage change in
non-interest expenses.
Options
A financial contract under which the writer (seller) confers the right, but not the obligation, to the purchaser to either buy (call option) or sell (put
option) a specified amount of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified price either at or by a specified date.
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
An amount charged or credited to income to adjust the allowance for credit losses to the appropriate level, for both performing and impaired
financial assets. Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for loans and acceptances and related off-balance sheet loan commitments is included in
the Provision for (reversal of) credit losses line on the consolidated statement of income. Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for debt securities
measured at FVOCI or amortized cost is included in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net.
Return on average assets or average interest-earning assets
Net income expressed as a percentage of average assets or average interest-earning assets.
Return on common shareholders’ equity
Net income attributable to equity shareholders expressed as a percentage of average common shareholders’ equity.
Securities borrowed
Securities are typically borrowed to cover short positions. Borrowing requires the pledging of collateral by the borrower to the lender. The collateral
may be cash or a highly rated security.
Securities lent
Securities are typically lent to a borrower to cover their short positions. Borrowing requires the pledging of collateral by the borrower to the lender.
The collateral provided may be cash or a highly rated security.
Securities purchased under resale agreements
A transaction where a security is purchased by the buyer and, at the same time, the buyer commits to resell the security to the original seller at a
specific price and date in the future.
Securities sold short
A transaction in which the seller sells securities that it does not own. Initially the seller typically borrows the securities in order to deliver them to the
purchaser. At a later date, the seller buys identical securities in the market to replace the borrowed securities.
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
A transaction where a security is sold by the seller and, at the same time, the seller commits to repurchase the security from the original purchaser
at a specific price and date in the future.
Structured entities (SEs)
Entities that have been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any
voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements.
Swap contracts
A financial contract in which counterparties exchange a series of cash flows based on a specified notional amount over a specified period.
Taxable equivalent basis (TEB)
The gross-up of tax-exempt revenue on certain securities to a TEB. There is an equivalent offsetting adjustment to the income tax expense.
Total shareholder return (TSR)
The total return earned on an investment in CIBC’s common shares. The return measures the change in shareholder value, assuming dividends paid
are reinvested in additional shares.
Trading net interest income
Trading net interest income is net interest income related to trading activities that meet the risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading
market risk management purposes, which includes a TEB adjustment. Starting in the first quarter of 2023, trading activities also include certain fixed
income financing activities. The risk definition of trading for regulatory capital and trading market risk management is based on OSFI-defined trading
book criteria set out in OSFI’s CAR Guideline.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 103
Management’s discussion and analysis
Risk and capital glossary
Advanced internal ratings-based (AIRB) approach for credit risk
Version of the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach to credit risk where institutions provide their own estimates of probability of default (PD), loss
given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD), and their own calculation of effective maturity, subject to meeting minimum standards. Effective
in the second quarter of 2023, AIRB is no longer permitted for some exposure categories.
Asset/liability management (ALM)
The practice of managing risks that arise from mismatches between the assets and liabilities, mainly in the non-trading areas of the bank.
Techniques are used to manage the relative duration of CIBC’s assets (such as loans) and liabilities (such as deposits), in order to minimize the
adverse impact of changes in interest rates.
Bail-in eligible liabilities
Bail-in eligible liabilities include long-term (i.e., original maturity over 400 days), unsecured senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 that is
tradable and transferrable, and any preferred shares and subordinated debt that are not considered non-viability contingent capital (NVCC).
Consumer deposits, secured liabilities (including covered bonds), certain financial contracts (including derivatives) and certain structured notes are
not bail-in eligible.
Bank exposures
All direct credit risk exposures to deposit-taking institutions and regulated securities firms, and exposures guaranteed by those entities.
Business and government portfolio
A category of exposures that includes lending to businesses and governments, where the primary basis of adjudication relies on the determination
and assignment of an appropriate risk rating that reflects the credit risk of the exposure.
Central counterparty (CCP)
A clearing house that interposes itself between counterparties to clear contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to
every seller and the seller to every buyer and thereby ensuring the future performance of open contracts.
Comprehensive approach for securities financing transactions
A framework for the measurement of CCR with respect to securities financing transactions, which utilizes a volatility-adjusted collateral value to
reduce the amount of the exposure.
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 and Total capital ratios
CET1, Tier 1 and total regulatory capital, divided by RWA, as defined by OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, which is based
on Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards.
Corporate exposures
All direct credit risk exposures to corporations, partnerships and proprietorships, and exposures guaranteed by those entities.
Credit risk
The risk of financial loss due to a borrower or counterparty failing to meet its obligations in accordance with contractual terms.
Drawn exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from loans and other receivables advanced to the customer.
Economic capital
Economic capital provides a framework to evaluate the returns of each strategic business unit, commensurate with risk assumed. Economic capital
is a non-GAAP risk measure based upon an internal estimate of equity capital required by the businesses to absorb unexpected losses consistent
with our targeted risk rating over a one-year horizon. Economic capital comprises primarily credit, market, operational and strategic risk capital.
Economic profit
A non-GAAP risk-adjusted performance measure used for measuring economic value added. It is calculated as earnings of each business less a
charge for the cost of capital.
Exposure at default (EAD)
An estimate of the amount of exposure to a customer at the event of, and at the time of, default.
Foundation internal ratings-based (FIRB) approach for credit risk
Version of the IRB approach to credit risk where institutions provide their own estimates of PD and their own calculation of effective maturity and rely
on prescribed supervisory estimates for other risk components such as LGD and EAD. Effective in the second quarter of 2023, FIRB methodology
must be used for some exposure categories.
Incremental risk charge (IRC)
A capital charge applied in addition to market risk capital specifically to cover default and migration risk in unsecuritized credit assets of varying
liquidity held in the trading book.
104 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)
A framework and process designed to provide a comprehensive view on capital adequacy, as defined by Pillar II of the Basel Accord, wherein we
identify and measure our risks on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that the capital available is sufficient to cover all risks across CIBC.
Internal models approach (IMA) for market risk
Models, which have been developed by CIBC and approved by OSFI, for the measurement of risk and regulatory capital in the trading portfolio for
general market risk, debt specific risk, and equity specific risk.
Internal model method (IMM) for counterparty credit risk (CCR)
Models, which have been developed by CIBC and approved by OSFI, for the measurement of CCR with respect to OTC derivatives.
Internal ratings-based (IRB) approach for credit risk
Approach to determining credit risk capital requirements based on risk components such as PD, LGD, EAD and effective maturity.
Internal ratings-based approach for securitization exposures
This approach comprises calculation methods available for securitization exposures that require OSFI approval: the Internal Ratings-Based
Approach (SEC-IRBA) is available to the banks approved to use the IRB approach for underlying exposures securitized and the Internal
Assessment Approach (SEC-IAA) available for certain securitization exposures extended to asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) programs.
Leverage ratio exposure
The leverage ratio exposure is defined under the OSFI rules as on-balance sheet assets (unweighted) less Tier 1 capital regulatory adjustments plus
derivative exposures, securities financing transaction exposures with a limited form of netting under certain conditions, and other off-balance sheet
exposures (such as commitments, direct credit substitutes, undrawn credit card exposures, securitization exposures and unsettled trades).
Leverage ratio
Defined as Tier 1 capital divided by the leverage ratio exposure determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI, which are based on
BCBS standards.
Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)
Derived from the BCBS’s Basel III framework and incorporated into OSFI’s Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline, the LCR is a liquidity
standard that aims to ensure that an institution has an adequate stock of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) that consists of cash or
assets that can be converted into cash at little or no loss of value in private markets, to meet its liquidity needs for a 30-calendar-day liquidity stress
scenario.
Liquidity risk
The risk of having insufficient cash or its equivalent in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet financial obligations as they come due.
Loss given default (LGD)
An estimate of the amount of exposure to a customer that will not be recovered following a default by that customer, expressed as a percentage of
the EAD. LGD is generally based on through-the-cycle assumptions for regulatory capital purposes, and generally based on point-in-time
assumptions reflecting forward-looking information for IFRS 9 ECL purposes.
Market risk
The risk of economic and/or financial loss in our trading and non-trading portfolios from adverse changes in underlying market factors, including
interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity market prices, commodity prices, credit spreads and customer behaviour for retail products.
Master netting agreement
An industry standard agreement designed to reduce the credit risk of multiple transactions with a counterparty through the creation of a legal right
of offset of exposures in the event of a default by that counterparty and through the provision for net settlement of all contracts through a single
payment.
Net cumulative cash flow (NCCF)
The NCCF is a liquidity horizon metric defined under OSFI’s LAR Guideline as a monitoring and supervision tool for liquidity risk that measures an
institution’s detailed cash flows in order to capture the risk posed by funding mismatches between assets and liabilities.
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR)
Derived from the BCBS’s Basel III framework and incorporated into OSFI’s LAR Guideline, the NSFR standard aims to promote long-term resilience
of the financial sector by requiring banks to maintain a sustainable stable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance
sheet activities.
Non-viability contingent capital (NVCC)
Effective January 1, 2013, in order to qualify for inclusion in regulatory capital, all non-common Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments must be capable
of absorbing losses at the point of non-viability of a financial institution. This will ensure that investors in such instruments bear losses before
taxpayers where the government determines that it is in the public interest to rescue a non-viable bank.
Operational risk
The risk of loss resulting from people, inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, or from external events.
Other off-balance sheet exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from the issuance of guarantees and letters of credit.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 105
Management’s discussion and analysis
Other retail
This exposure class includes all loans other than qualifying revolving retail and real estate secured personal lending that are extended to individuals
under the regulatory capital reporting framework.
Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from derivatives that trade directly between two counterparties, rather than through exchanges.
Probability of default (PD)
An estimate of the likelihood of default for any particular customer which occurs when that customer is not able to repay its obligations as they
become contractually due. PD is based on through-the-cycle assumptions for regulatory capital purposes, and based on point-in-time assumptions
reflecting forward-looking information for IFRS 9 ECL purposes.
Qualifying central counterparty (QCCP)
An entity that is licensed to operate as a CCP and is permitted by the appropriate regulator or oversight body to operate as such with respect to the
products offered by that CCP.
Qualifying revolving retail
This exposure class includes credit cards, unsecured lines of credit and overdraft protection products extended to individuals. Under the
standardized approach, these exposures would be included under “other retail”.
Real estate secured personal lending
This exposure class includes residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines of credit extended to individuals.
Regulatory capital
Regulatory capital, as defined by OSFI’s CAR Guideline, is comprised of CET1, Additional Tier 1 (AT1) and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital includes
common shares, retained earnings, AOCI (excluding AOCI relating to cash flow hedges and changes in fair value option liabilities attributable to
changes in own credit risk) and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated banking subsidiary to third parties, less regulatory adjustments for
items such as goodwill and other intangible assets, certain deferred tax assets, net assets related to defined benefit pension plans, and certain
investments. AT1 capital primarily includes NVCC preferred shares, Limited Recourse Capital Notes, and qualifying instruments issued by a
consolidated subsidiary to third parties. Tier 1 capital is comprised of CET1 plus AT1. Tier 2 capital includes NVCC subordinated indebtedness,
eligible general allowances, and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties. Total capital is comprised of Tier 1
capital plus Tier 2 capital. Qualifying regulatory capital instruments must be capable of absorbing loss at the point of non-viability of the financial
institution.
Repo-style transactions exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from our securities bought or sold under resale agreements, as well as securities borrowing and
lending activities.
Reputation risk
The risk of negative publicity regarding CIBC’s business conduct or practices which, whether true or not, could significantly harm CIBC’s reputation
as a leading financial institution, or could materially and adversely affect CIBC’s business, operations, or financial condition.
Resecuritization
A securitization exposure in which the risk associated with an underlying pool of exposures is tranched and at least one of the underlying exposures
is a securitization exposure.
Retail portfolios
A category of exposures that primarily includes consumer but also small business lending, where the primary basis of adjudication relies on credit-
scoring models.
Risk-weighted assets (RWA)
RWA consist of three components: (i) RWA for credit risk, which are calculated using the IRB and standardized approaches, (ii) RWA for market risk,
and (iii) RWA for operational risk. The IRB RWA are calculated using PDs, LGDs, EADs, and in some cases maturity adjustments, while the
standardized approach applies risk weighting factors specified in the OSFI guidelines to on- and off-balance sheet exposures. The RWA for market
risk in the trading portfolio are based on the internal models approved by OSFI with the exception of the RWA for traded securitization assets where
we are using the methodology defined by OSFI. The RWA for operational risk, which relate to the risk of losses resulting from people, inadequate or
failed internal processes, and systems or from external events, are calculated under a standardized approach.
Since the introduction of Basel II in 2008, OSFI has prescribed a capital floor requirement for institutions that use the AIRB approach for credit
risk. The capital floor is determined by comparing a capital requirement calculated by reference to the Basel II standardized approach against the
Basel III calculation, as specified by OSFI. Any shortfall in the Basel III capital requirement is added to RWA.
Securitization
The process of selling assets (normally financial assets such as loans, leases, trade receivables, credit card receivables or mortgages) to trusts or
other SEs. A SE normally issues securities or other forms of interests to investors and/or the asset transferor, and the SE uses the proceeds from the
issue of securities or other forms of interest to purchase the transferred assets. The SE will generally use the cash flows generated by the assets to
meet the obligations under the securities or other interests issued by the SE, which may carry a number of different risk profiles.
Simple, transparent and comparable (STC) securitizations
Securitization exposures satisfying a set of regulatory STC criteria. Such exposures qualify for a preferential capital treatment under the
securitization framework.
106 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Management’s discussion and analysis
Small and medium enterprises (SME) retail
This exposure class includes all loans extended to scored small businesses under the regulatory capital reporting framework.
Sovereign exposures
All direct credit risk exposures to governments, central banks and certain public sector entities, and exposures guaranteed by those entities.
Specialized lending (SL)
A subset of Corporate exposures falling into one of the following sub-classes: project finance (PF), object finance (OF), commodities finance (CF),
income-producing real estate (IPRE), and high-volatility commercial real estate (HVCRE). Primary source of repayment for such credits is the
income generated by the asset(s), rather than the independent capacity of a broader commercial enterprise.
Standardized approach for credit risk
Applied to exposures when there is not sufficient information to allow for the use of the AIRB approach for credit risk. Credit risk capital requirements
are calculated based on a standardized set of risk weights as prescribed in the CAR Guideline. The standardized risk weights are based on
external credit assessments, where available, and other risk-related factors, including export credit agencies, exposure asset class, collateral, etc.
Standardized approach for operational risk
Effective in the second quarter of 2023, this approach is based on a prescribed formula made up of three components: (i) the Business Indicator
(BI) which is a financial-statement-based proxy for operational risk, (ii) the Business Indicator Component (BIC) which is calculated by multiplying
the BI by a set of regulatory determined marginal coefficients, and (iii) the Internal Loss Multiplier which is a scaling factor that is based on the
average historical operational losses and the BIC.
Standardized approach for securitization exposures
This approach comprises the calculation methods available for securitization exposures that do not require OSFI approval: the external
ratings-based approach (SEC-ERBA) and the standardized approach (SEC-SA).
Strategic risk
The risk of ineffective or improper implementation of business strategies, including mergers and acquisitions. It includes the potential financial loss
and impact to resiliency due to the failure of organic growth initiatives or failure to respond appropriately to changes in the business or industry
environments.
Stressed Value-at-Risk (VaR)
A VaR calculation using a one-year observation period related to significant losses for the given portfolio at a specified level of confidence and time
horizon.
Structural foreign exchange risk
Structural foreign exchange risk is the risk primarily inherent in net investments in foreign operations due to changes in foreign exchange rates, and
foreign currency denominated RWA and foreign currency denominated capital deductions.
Structural interest rate risk
Structural interest rate risk primarily consists of the risk arising due to mismatches in assets and liabilities, which do not arise from trading and
trading-related businesses.
Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) measure
The sum of Total capital and bail-in eligible liabilities (as defined above) that have a residual maturity greater than one year.
Total loss absorbing capacity ratio
Defined as TLAC measure divided by RWA determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI.
Total loss absorbing capacity leverage ratio
Defined as TLAC measure divided by leverage ratio exposure determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI.
Transitional arrangements for capital treatment of expected loss provisioning
On March 27, 2020, OSFI introduced transitional arrangements for ECL provisioning. These arrangements result in a portion of allowances that
would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital. The amount of ECL allowances eligible for inclusion in CET1
capital is determined based on the increase in stage 1 and stage 2 allowances relative to balances as at January 31, 2020 as a baseline. This
amount is then adjusted for tax effects and is subject to a scaling factor that will decrease over time. The scaling factor has been set at 70% for
fiscal 2020, 50% for fiscal 2021, and 25% for fiscal 2022. For exposures under the IRB approach, the lower of this amount and excess allowances
eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital is included as CET1 capital under the transitional arrangements. The transitional arrangement was no longer
applicable beginning in the first quarter of 2023.
Undrawn exposures
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from loans that have not been advanced to a customer, but which a customer may be entitled to draw
in the future.
Value-at-Risk (VaR)
Generally accepted risk measure that uses statistical models to estimate the distribution of possible returns on a given portfolio at a specified level
of confidence and time horizon.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 107
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated financial statements
109
110
113
Financial reporting responsibility
Independent auditor’s report – Canadian generally accepted auditing standards
Report of independent registered public accounting firm – Standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States)
115
Report of independent registered public accounting firm – Internal control over financial reporting
Income taxes
172 Note 16 – Capital Trust securities
172 Note 17 – Share-based payments
174 Note 18 – Post-employment benefits
179 Note 19 –
181 Note 20 – Earnings per share
181 Note 21 – Commitments, guarantees and pledged assets
183 Note 22 – Contingent liabilities and provisions
186 Note 23 – Concentration of credit risk
187 Note 24 – Related-party transactions
188 Note 25 –
Investments in equity-accounted associates
and joint ventures
189 Note 26 – Significant subsidiaries
190 Note 27 – Financial instruments – disclosures
191 Note 28 – Offsetting financial assets and liabilities
191 Note 29 –
192 Note 30 – Segmented and geographic information
194 Note 31 – Future accounting policy changes
Interest income and expense
116
117
118
119
120
121
Consolidated balance sheet
Consolidated statement of income
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
Consolidated statement of cash flows
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Details of the notes to the consolidated financial statements
121 Note 1
– Basis of preparation and summary of significant
133 Note 2
141 Note 3
142 Note 4
143 Note 5
150 Note 6
accounting policies
– Fair value measurement
– Significant transactions
– Securities
– Loans
– Structured entities and derecognition of
financial assets
– Property and equipment
– Goodwill, software and other intangible assets
– Other assets
154 Note 7
154 Note 8
156 Note 9
157 Note 10 – Deposits
157 Note 11 – Other liabilities
157 Note 12 – Derivative instruments
162 Note 13 – Designated accounting hedges
166 Note 14 – Subordinated indebtedness
167 Note 15 – Common and preferred shares and other equity
instruments
108 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Financial reporting responsibility
Management of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is responsible for the preparation, presentation, accuracy and reliability of the Annual
Report, which includes the consolidated financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A). The consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with Section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada), which requires that the financial statements be
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
The MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of applicable securities laws.
The consolidated financial statements and MD&A contain items that reflect the best estimates and judgments of the expected effects of current
events and transactions with appropriate consideration to materiality. Financial information appearing throughout the Annual Report is consistent
with the consolidated financial statements.
Management has developed and maintained effective systems, controls and procedures to ensure that information used internally and
disclosed externally is reliable and timely. CIBC’s system of internal controls and supporting procedures are designed to provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are authorized, assets are safeguarded and proper records are maintained. These internal controls and supporting
procedures include the communication of policies and guidelines, the establishment of an organizational structure that provides appropriate and
well-defined responsibilities and accountability, and the careful selection and training of qualified staff. Management has assessed the effectiveness
of CIBC’s internal control over financial reporting as at year-end using the Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based upon this assessment, we have determined that internal control
over financial reporting is effective in all material respects and CIBC is in compliance with the requirements set by the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) under the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
CIBC’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have certified CIBC’s annual filings with the SEC under the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
and with the Canadian Securities Administrators under Canadian securities laws.
The Internal Audit department reviews and reports on the effectiveness of CIBC’s internal control, risk management and governance systems
and processes, including accounting and financial controls, in accordance with the audit plan approved by the Audit Committee. Our Chief Auditor
has unfettered access to the Audit Committee. The system of internal controls is further supported by the Compliance and Global Regulatory Affairs
group, which is designed to manage and mitigate regulatory compliance risk.
The Board of Directors oversees management’s responsibilities for financial reporting through the Audit Committee, which is composed of
independent directors. The Audit Committee reviews CIBC’s interim and annual consolidated financial statements and MD&A and recommends
them for approval by the Board of Directors. Other key responsibilities of the Audit Committee include monitoring CIBC’s system of internal control,
and reviewing the qualifications, independence and service quality of the shareholders’ auditor and the performance of CIBC’s internal auditors.
Ernst & Young LLP, the shareholders’ auditor, obtains an understanding of CIBC’s internal controls and procedures for financial reporting to
plan and conduct such tests and other audit procedures as they consider necessary in the circumstances to express their opinions in the reports
that follow. Ernst & Young LLP has unrestricted access to the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and related matters.
The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) Canada is mandated to protect the rights and interest of depositors and
creditors of CIBC. Accordingly, OSFI examines and enquires into the business and affairs of CIBC, as deemed necessary, to ensure that the
provisions of the Bank Act (Canada) are being complied with and that CIBC is in sound financial condition.
Victor G. Dodig
President and Chief Executive Officer
Hratch Panossian
Chief Financial Officer
November 29, 2023
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 109
Consolidated financial statements
Independent auditor’s report
To the shareholders and directors of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Opinion
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC), which comprise the consolidated balance
sheets as at October 31, 2023 and 2022, and the consolidated statements of income, consolidated statements of comprehensive income,
consolidated statements of changes in equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated
financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
CIBC as at October 31, 2023 and 2022, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further
described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements section of our report. We are independent of CIBC in
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our
other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial
statements of the year ended October 31, 2023. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements
as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. For each matter below, our description
of how our audit addressed the matter is provided in that context.
We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements section of our
report, including in relation to these matters. Accordingly, our audit included the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment
of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements. The results of our audit procedures, including the procedures
performed to address the matters below, provide the basis for our audit opinion on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Key audit matter
Allowance for credit losses
As described in Note 1 and Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has recognized $4.1 billion in expected
credit loss (ECL) allowances on its consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances represent an unbiased and probability-
weighted amount, which is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and reasonable and supportable
information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Forward-looking
information (FLI), which involves significant judgment, is explicitly incorporated into the estimation of ECL allowances. ECL
allowances are measured at amounts equal to either (i) 12-month ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments
that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition or when there is objective
evidence of impairment.
Auditing the allowance for credit losses was complex, involved significant auditor judgment, and required the involvement
of specialists due to the inherent complexity of the models, the large volume of data used, assumptions, judgments, and
the interrelationship of these variables in measuring the ECL. Significant assumptions and judgments with respect to the
estimation of the allowance for credit losses include (i) the determination of when a loan has experienced a SICR; (ii) the
forecast of FLI for multiple economic scenarios and the probability weighting of those scenarios; (iii) the models and
methodologies used for the calculation of both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and (iv) the application of expert credit
judgment. Management has applied a heightened use of judgment in the areas noted above, when assessing the impact
of the uncertain macroeconomic environment on the allowance for credit losses.
How our audit
addressed the key
audit matter
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls
over the allowance for credit losses, with the assistance of our internal specialists. The controls we tested included,
amongst others, controls over technology, model development, validation and monitoring, economic forecasting, data
completeness and accuracy, the determination of internal risk ratings for non-retail loans, and the governance and
oversight controls over the review of the overall ECL, including the application of expert credit judgment.
To test the allowance for credit losses, amongst other procedures, we assessed, with the assistance of our credit risk
specialists, whether the methodology and assumptions used in significant models that estimate ECL are consistent with the
requirements of IFRS 9. For a sample of models, our credit risk specialists reperformed the model validation and monitoring
tests performed by management. This included an assessment of the thresholds used to determine a SICR. For a sample of
FLI variables, with the assistance of our economic specialists, we evaluated management’s forecasting methodology and
compared management’s FLI to independently derived forecasts and publicly available information. We also evaluated the
scenario probability weights used in the ECL models. With the assistance of our credit risk specialists, we also evaluated
management’s methodology and governance over the application of expert credit judgment by evaluating that the amounts
recorded were reflective of underlying credit and/or economic conditions. We tested the completeness and accuracy of
data used in the measurement of the ECL by agreeing to source documents and systems and evaluated a sample of
non-retail borrower risk ratings against CIBC’s risk rating scale. On a sample basis, we recalculated the ECL to test the
mathematical accuracy of management’s models. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to allowance
for credit loss.
110 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Key audit matter
Fair value measurement of derivatives
As described in Note 2 and Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has recognized $33.2 billion in derivative
assets and $41.3 billion in derivative liabilities. The portfolio of derivative instruments is presented by level within the fair value
hierarchy, with the majority of the portfolio classified as Level 2. While derivative instruments classified as Level 1 have quoted
market prices, those classified as Level 2 and 3 require valuation techniques that use observable and non-observable market
inputs and involve the application of management judgment.
Auditing the valuation of certain derivatives was complex and required the application of significant auditor judgment and
involvement of valuation specialists where the fair value was determined based on complex models and/or significant
non-observable market inputs, including any significant valuation adjustments. The inputs and modelling assumptions
used to determine fair values that were subject to significant auditor judgment included, amongst others, correlations,
volatilities and credit spreads. The valuation of derivatives is sensitive to these inputs as they are forward-looking and
could be affected by future economic and market conditions.
How our audit
addressed the key
audit matter
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls
over the valuation of CIBC’s derivatives portfolio, with the assistance of our internal specialists. The controls we tested
included, amongst others, controls over technology, the development and validation of models used to determine the fair
value of derivatives, controls over the independent price verification process, including the integrity of significant inputs
described above, and controls over significant valuation adjustments applied.
Key audit matter
To test the valuation of these derivatives, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an evaluation of the
methodologies and significant inputs used by CIBC. With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we performed an
independent valuation for a sample of derivatives and valuation adjustments to assess the modelling assumptions and
significant inputs used by CIBC to estimate the fair value. We independently obtained significant inputs and assumptions
from external market data, where available, in performing our independent valuation. For a sample of models, and with the
assistance of our valuation specialists, we assessed the valuation methodologies used by CIBC to determine fair values.
We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to the fair value measurement of derivatives.
Measurement of uncertain tax provisions
As described in Note 1 and Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has disclosed its significant accounting
judgments, estimates and assumptions in relation to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. CIBC operates in a tax
environment with constantly evolving and complex tax legislation for financial institutions. Uncertainty in tax positions may
arise as tax legislation is subject to interpretation. Estimating uncertain tax provisions requires management judgment to be
applied in the interpretation of tax laws across the various jurisdictions in which CIBC operates. This includes significant
judgment in the determination of whether it is probable that CIBC’s tax filing positions will be sustained relating to certain
complex tax positions and the measurement of such provisions when recognized.
Auditing CIBC’s uncertain tax provisions required the involvement of our tax professionals and the application of judgment,
including the interpretation of applicable tax legislation and jurisprudence.
How our audit
addressed the key
audit matter
With the assistance of our tax professionals, we obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating
effectiveness of management’s controls over CIBC’s uncertain tax provisions. This included, amongst others, controls over
management’s assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and the process related to the measurement of any
related income tax provisions.
With the assistance of our tax professionals, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an assessment of the
technical merits of income tax positions taken by CIBC and the measurement of any related uncertain tax provisions
recorded. We inspected and evaluated correspondence from the relevant income tax authorities, income tax advice
obtained by CIBC from external advisors including income tax opinions, CIBC’s interpretations of tax laws and the
assessment thereof with respect to uncertain tax positions. We evaluated the reasonability of CIBC’s treatment of any new
information received during the year relating to these uncertain tax positions. We also assessed the adequacy of the
disclosures related to uncertain tax positions.
Other information
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:
Management’s Discussion and Analysis; and
The information, other than the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the Annual Report.
Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion
thereon.
In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or
otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the Annual Report prior to the date of this auditor’s report. If, based on the work we have
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We
have nothing to report in this regard.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 111
Consolidated financial statements
Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the consolidated financial statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such
internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing CIBC’s ability to continue as a going concern,
disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to
liquidate CIBC or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing CIBC’s financial reporting process.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of
assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain
professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and
perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our
opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances,
but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of CIBC’s internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by
management.
Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained,
whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on CIBC’s ability to continue as a going
concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence
obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause CIBC to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the
consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within CIBC to express an
opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We
remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant
audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding
independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and
where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the
consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report
unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should
not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest
benefits of such communication.
The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Humayun Jafrani.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto, Canada
November 29, 2023
112 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Report of independent registered public accounting firm
To the shareholders and directors of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Opinion on the consolidated financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) as of October 31, 2023 and
2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the
related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of CIBC at October 31,
2023 and 2022, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), CIBC’s
internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated November 29, 2023 expressed an
unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of CIBC’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on CIBC’s
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to CIBC in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the
amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the
consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical
audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating
the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Description of the
matter
Allowance for credit losses
As described in Note 1 and Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has recognized $4.1 billion in expected
credit loss (ECL) allowances on its consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances represent an unbiased and probability-
weighted amount, which is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and reasonable and supportable
information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Forward-looking information
(FLI), which involves significant judgment, is explicitly incorporated into the estimation of ECL allowances. ECL allowances are
measured at amounts equal to either (i) 12-month ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments that have experienced
a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition or when there is objective evidence of impairment.
Auditing the allowance for credit losses was complex, involved significant auditor judgment, and required the involvement of
specialists due to the inherent complexity of the models, the large volume of data used, assumptions, judgments, and the
interrelationship of these variables in measuring the ECL. Significant assumptions and judgments with respect to the
estimation of the allowance for credit losses include (i) the determination of when a loan has experienced a SICR; (ii) the
forecast of FLI for multiple economic scenarios and the probability weighting of those scenarios; (iii) the models and
methodologies used for the calculation of both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and (iv) the application of expert credit
judgment. Management has applied a heightened use of judgment in the areas noted above, when assessing the impact of
the uncertain macroeconomic environment on the allowance for credit losses.
How we
addressed the
matter in our audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over
the allowance for credit losses, with the assistance of our internal specialists. The controls we tested included, amongst
others, controls over technology, model development, validation and monitoring, economic forecasting, data completeness
and accuracy, the determination of internal risk ratings for non-retail loans, and the governance and oversight controls over the
review of the overall ECL, including the application of expert credit judgment.
To test the allowance for credit losses, amongst other procedures, we assessed, with the assistance of our credit risk specialists,
whether the methodology and assumptions used in significant models that estimate ECL are consistent with the requirements of
IFRS 9. For a sample of models, our credit risk specialists reperformed the model validation and monitoring tests performed by
management. This included an assessment of the thresholds used to determine a SICR. For a sample of FLI variables, with the
assistance of our economic specialists, we evaluated management’s forecasting methodology and compared management’s FLI to
independently derived forecasts and publicly available information. We also evaluated the scenario probability weights used in the
ECL models. With the assistance of our credit risk specialists, we also evaluated management’s methodology and governance over
the application of expert credit judgment by evaluating that the amounts recorded were reflective of underlying credit and/or
economic conditions. We tested the completeness and accuracy of data used in the measurement of the ECL by agreeing to
source documents and systems and evaluated a sample of non-retail borrower risk ratings against CIBC’s risk rating scale. On a
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 113
Consolidated financial statements
sample basis, we recalculated the ECL to test the mathematical accuracy of management’s models. We also assessed the
adequacy of the disclosures related to allowance for credit loss.
Description of the
matter
Fair value measurement of derivatives
As described in Note 2 and Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has recognized $33.2 billion in derivative
assets and $41.3 billion in derivative liabilities. The portfolio of derivative instruments is presented by level within the fair value
hierarchy, with the majority of the portfolio classified as Level 2. While derivative instruments classified as Level 1 have quoted
market prices, those classified as Level 2 and 3 require valuation techniques that use observable and non-observable market
inputs and involve the application of management judgment.
Auditing the valuation of certain derivatives was complex and required the application of significant auditor judgment and
involvement of valuation specialists where the fair value was determined based on complex models and/or significant
non-observable market inputs, including any significant valuation adjustments. The inputs and modelling assumptions used to
determine fair values that were subject to significant auditor judgment included, amongst others, correlations, volatilities and credit
spreads. The valuation of derivatives is sensitive to these inputs as they are forward-looking and could be affected by future
economic and market conditions.
How we
addressed the
matter in our audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over
the valuation of CIBC’s derivatives portfolio, with the assistance of our internal specialists. The controls we tested included,
amongst others, controls over technology, the development and validation of models used to determine the fair value of
derivatives, controls over the independent price verification process, including the integrity of significant inputs described
above, and controls over significant valuation adjustments applied.
To test the valuation of these derivatives, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an evaluation of the methodologies
and significant inputs used by CIBC. With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we performed an independent valuation for
a sample of derivatives and valuation adjustments to assess the modelling assumptions and significant inputs used by CIBC to
estimate the fair value. We independently obtained significant inputs and assumptions from external market data, where
available, in performing our independent valuation. For a sample of models, and with the assistance of our valuation specialists,
we assessed the valuation methodologies used by CIBC to determine fair values. We also assessed the adequacy of the
disclosures related to the fair value measurement of derivatives.
Description of the
matter
Measurement of uncertain tax provisions
As described in Note 1 and Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements, CIBC has disclosed its significant accounting
judgments, estimates and assumptions in relation to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. CIBC operates in a tax
environment with constantly evolving and complex tax legislation for financial institutions. Uncertainty in tax positions may arise
as tax legislation is subject to interpretation. Estimating uncertain tax provisions requires management judgment to be applied
in the interpretation of tax laws across the various jurisdictions in which CIBC operates. This includes significant judgment in
the determination of whether it is probable that CIBC’s tax filing positions will be sustained relating to certain complex tax
positions and the measurement of such provisions when recognized.
Auditing CIBC’s uncertain tax provisions required the involvement of our tax professionals and the application of judgment,
including the interpretation of applicable tax legislation and jurisprudence.
How we
addressed the
matter in our audit
With the assistance of our tax professionals, we obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating
effectiveness of management’s controls over CIBC’s uncertain tax provisions. This included, amongst others, controls over
management’s assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and the process related to the measurement of any related
income tax provisions.
With the assistance of our tax professionals, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an assessment of the technical
merits of income tax positions taken by CIBC and the measurement of any related uncertain tax provisions recorded. We
inspected and evaluated correspondence from the relevant income tax authorities, income tax advice obtained by CIBC from
external advisors including income tax opinions, CIBC’s interpretations of tax laws and the assessment thereof with respect to
uncertain tax positions. We evaluated the reasonability of CIBC’s treatment of any new information received during the year
relating to these uncertain tax positions. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to uncertain tax positions.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
We have served as CIBC’s auditor since 2002.
Toronto, Canada
November 29, 2023
114 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Report of independent registered public accounting firm
To the shareholders and directors of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce’s (CIBC) internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2023, based on criteria
established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013
framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, CIBC maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
October 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the
consolidated balance sheets of CIBC as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income,
changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes and our report dated November 29, 2023 expressed an
unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for opinion
CIBC’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting included in the Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting section contained in
the accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on CIBC’s internal control over financial
reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to CIBC
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing
and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we
considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto, Canada
November 29, 2023
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 115
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated balance sheet
Millions of Canadian dollars, as at October 31
ASSETS
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
Securities (Note 4)
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Loans (Note 5)
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Allowance for credit losses
Other
Derivative instruments (Note 12)
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Property and equipment (Note 7)
Goodwill (Note 8)
Software and other intangible assets (Note 8)
Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures (Note 25)
Deferred tax assets (Note 19)
Other assets (Note 9)
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Deposits (Note 10)
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Obligations related to securities sold short
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
Other
Derivative instruments (Note 12)
Acceptances
Deferred tax liabilities (Note 19)
Other liabilities (Note 11)
Subordinated indebtedness (Note 14)
Equity
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 15)
Common shares (Note 15)
Contributed surplus
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI)
Total shareholders’ equity
Non-controlling interests
Total equity
2023
2022
$
20,816
$
31,535
34,902
211,348
14,651
80,184
274,244
45,587
18,538
194,870
(3,902)
529,337
33,243
10,816
3,251
5,425
2,742
669
629
27,706
84,481
32,326
175,879
15,326
69,213
269,706
45,429
16,479
188,542
(3,073)
517,083
43,035
11,574
3,377
5,348
2,592
632
480
35,197
102,235
$ 975,719
$ 943,597
$ 239,035
412,561
22,296
49,484
$ 232,095
397,188
22,523
45,766
723,376
697,572
18,666
8,081
87,118
41,290
10,820
40
26,632
78,782
6,483
4,925
16,082
109
30,402
1,463
52,981
232
53,213
15,284
4,853
77,171
52,340
11,586
45
28,072
92,043
6,292
4,923
14,726
115
28,823
1,594
50,181
201
50,382
$ 975,719
$ 943,597
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in “MD&A – Management of risk” are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Victor G. Dodig
President and Chief Executive Officer
Mary Lou Maher
Director
116 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated statement of income
Millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted, for the year ended October 31
Interest income (Note 29) (1)
Loans
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements
Deposits with banks and other
Interest expense (Note 29)
Deposits
Securities sold short
Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements
Subordinated indebtedness
Other
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Underwriting and advisory fees
Deposit and payment fees
Credit fees
Card fees
Investment management and custodial fees
Mutual fund fees
Insurance fees, net of claims
Commissions on securities transactions
Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), net
Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and amortized cost, net
Foreign exchange other than trading (FXOTT)
Income from equity-accounted associates and joint ventures (Note 25)
Other
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses (Note 5)
Non-interest expenses
Employee compensation and benefits
Occupancy costs
Computer, software and office equipment
Communications
Advertising and business development
Professional fees
Business and capital taxes
Other (Notes 3 and 8)
Income before income taxes
Income taxes (Note 19)
Net income
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders
Common shareholders
Net income attributable to equity shareholders
Earnings per share (EPS) (in dollars) (Note 20)
(2)
Basic
Diluted
Dividends per common share (in dollars) (Note 15) (2)
2023
2022
$ 30,235 $ 16,874
3,422
1,175
708
7,341
4,566
2,877
45,019
22,179
26,633
408
4,283
458
412
32,194
12,825
519
924
1,385
379
1,768
1,743
338
338
2,346
83
360
30
285
10,498
23,323
2,010
7,550
823
2,467
364
304
245
124
2,472
7,887
380
943
203
125
9,538
12,641
557
880
1,286
437
1,760
1,776
351
378
1,172
35
242
47
271
9,192
21,833
1,057
7,157
853
2,297
352
334
313
123
1,374
14,349
12,803
6,964
1,931
7,973
1,730
5,033 $
6,243
38 $
267 $
4,728
23
171
6,049
$
$
$
$
4,995 $
6,220
$
5.16 $
5.16
3.440
6.70
6.68
3.270
(1) Interest income included $42.5 billion for the year ended October 31, 2023 (2022: $20.0 billion) calculated based on the effective interest rate method.
(2) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in “MD&A – Management of risk” are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 117
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI), net of income tax, that is subject to subsequent reclassification to net income
Net foreign currency translation adjustments
Net gains (losses) on investments in foreign operations
Net gains (losses) on hedges of investments in foreign operations
Net change in debt securities measured at FVOCI
Net gains (losses) on securities measured at FVOCI
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income
Net change in cash flow hedges
Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income
OCI, net of income tax, that is not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income
Net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans
Net gains (losses) due to fair value change of fair value option (FVO) liabilities attributable to
changes in credit risk
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI
Total OCI (1)
Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders
Common shareholders
Comprehensive income attributable to equity shareholders
2023
2022
$ 5,033
$
6,243
1,163
(812)
351
274
(65)
209
(222)
(142)
(364)
(240)
(106)
19
(327)
(131)
$ 4,902
$
$
38
267
4,597
4,043
(2,290)
1,753
(784)
(25)
(809)
(1,351)
552
(799)
198
262
(35)
425
$
$
$
570
6,813
23
171
6,619
$ 4,864
$
6,790
(1) Includes $66 million of gains for 2023 (2022: $218 million of losses) relating to our investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures.
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31
Income tax (expense) benefit allocated to each component of OCI
Subject to subsequent reclassification to net income
Net foreign currency translation adjustments
Net gains (losses) on investments in foreign operations
Net gains (losses) on hedges of investments in foreign operations
Net change in debt securities measured at FVOCI
Net gains (losses) on securities measured at FVOCI
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income
Net change in cash flow hedges
Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Net (gains) losses reclassified to net income
Not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income
Net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans
Net gains (losses) due to fair value change of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI
$
2023
2022
(26)
26
–
(65)
25
(40)
106
46
152
75
38
(6)
107
$
(136)
131
(5)
160
9
169
482
(197)
285
(97)
(93)
9
(181)
$
219
$
268
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in “MD&A – Management of risk” are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
118 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 15)
Balance at beginning of year
Issue of preferred shares and limited recourse capital notes (LRCNs)
Redemption of preferred shares
Treasury shares
Balance at end of year
Common shares (Note 15)
Balance at beginning of year
Issue of common shares
Purchase of common shares for cancellation
Treasury shares
Balance at end of year
Contributed surplus
Balance at beginning of year
Compensation expense arising from equity-settled share-based awards
Exercise of stock options and settlement of other equity-settled share-based awards
Other
Balance at end of year
Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of year
Net income attributable to equity shareholders
Dividends and distributions (Note 15)
Preferred and other equity instruments
Common
Premium on purchase of common shares for cancellation
Realized gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI reclassified from AOCI
Other
Balance at end of year
AOCI, net of income tax
AOCI, net of income tax, that is subject to subsequent reclassification to net income
Net foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at beginning of year
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at end of year
Net gains (losses) on debt securities measured at FVOCI
Balance at beginning of year
Net change in debt securities measured at FVOCI
Balance at end of year
Net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges
Balance at beginning of year
Net change in cash flow hedges
Balance at end of year
AOCI, net of income tax, that is not subject to subsequent reclassification to net income
Net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans
Balance at beginning of year
Net change in post-employment defined benefit plans
Balance at end of year
Net gains (losses) due to fair value change of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in credit risk
Balance at beginning of year
Net change attributable to changes in credit risk
Balance at end of year
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI
Balance at beginning of year
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at FVOCI
Realized (gains) losses on equity securities designated at FVOCI reclassified to retained earnings
Balance at end of year
Total AOCI, net of income tax
Non-controlling interests
Balance at beginning of year
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Dividends
Other
Balance at end of year
Equity at end of year
2023
2022
$
4,923
–
–
2
$
4,325
1,400
(800)
(2)
$
4,925
$
4,923
$ 14,726
1,358
–
(2)
$ 14,351
401
(29)
3
$ 16,082
$ 14,726
$
$
115
13
(20)
1
109
$
110
24
(20)
1
$
115
$ 28,823
4,995
$ 25,793
6,220
(267)
(3,149)
–
–
–
(171)
(2,954)
(105)
45
(5)
$ 30,402
$ 28,823
$
1,811
351
$
58
1,753
$
2,162
$
1,811
$
$
$
(616)
209
(407)
(662)
(364)
$
(1,026)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
832
(240)
592
234
(106)
128
(5)
19
–
14
1,463
201
38
(8)
1
232
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
193
(809)
(616)
137
(799)
(662)
634
198
832
(28)
262
234
75
(35)
(45)
(5)
1,594
182
23
(8)
4
201
$ 53,213
$ 50,382
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in “MD&A – Management of risk” are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 119
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated statement of cash flows
Millions of Canadian dollars, for the year ended October 31
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:
(1)
Provision for credit losses
Amortization and impairment
Stock options and restricted shares expense
Deferred income taxes
Losses (gains) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost
Net losses (gains) on disposal of property and equipment
Other non-cash items, net
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
Loans, net of repayments
Deposits, net of withdrawals
Obligations related to securities sold short
Accrued interest receivable
Accrued interest payable
Derivative assets
Derivative liabilities
Securities measured at FVTPL
Other assets and liabilities measured/designated at FVTPL
Current income taxes
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Other, net
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
Issue of subordinated indebtedness
Redemption/repurchase/maturity of subordinated indebtedness
Issue of preferred shares and limited recourse capital notes, net of issuance cost
Redemption of preferred shares
Issue of common shares for cash
Purchase of common shares for cancellation
Net sale (purchase) of treasury shares
Dividends and distributions paid
Repayment of lease liabilities
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
Purchase of securities measured/designated at FVOCI and amortized cost
Proceeds from sale of securities measured/designated at FVOCI and amortized cost
Proceeds from maturity of debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost
Acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio (Note 3)
Net sale (purchase) of property, equipment, software and other intangible assets
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks
Net increase (decrease) in cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks during the year
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks at beginning of year
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks at end of year
(2)
Cash interest paid
Cash interest received
Cash dividends received
Cash income taxes paid
2023
2022
$
5,033
$
6,243
2,010
1,143
13
(87)
(83)
(3)
1,822
(2,576)
(14,301)
17,045
3,382
(1,272)
2,521
9,826
(10,382)
(15,427)
8,259
361
3,228
9,319
675
(10,971)
2,619
12,154
1,750
(1,500)
–
–
183
–
–
(2,261)
(331)
(2,159)
(79,487)
26,914
32,824
–
(1,014)
(20,763)
49
(10,719)
31,535
20,816
29,673
42,600
1,147
1,657
1,057
1,047
24
(46)
(35)
(6)
(1,126)
(9,902)
(65,000)
74,511
(7,506)
(959)
1,228
(7,073)
20,622
4,949
9,404
(809)
2,390
3,680
(2,958)
(1,641)
(5,379)
22,715
1,000
(2)
1,395
(800)
228
(134)
1
(2,972)
(326)
(1,610)
(70,954)
23,183
27,574
(3,085)
(1,109)
(24,391)
248
(3,038)
34,573
31,535
8,310
20,120
1,100
2,585
$
$
$
$
(1) Comprises amortization and impairment of buildings, right-of-use assets, furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements, and software and other intangible assets.
(2) Includes restricted cash of $491 million (2022: $493 million) and interest-bearing demand deposits with Bank of Canada.
The accompanying notes and shaded sections in “MD&A – Management of risk” are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
120 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is a diversified financial institution governed by the Bank Act (Canada). CIBC was formed through the
amalgamation of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada in 1961. Through our four strategic business units (SBUs) –
Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth
Management, and Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services – CIBC provides a full range of financial products and services to 14 million
personal banking, business, public sector and institutional clients in Canada, the United States (U.S.) and around the world. Refer to Note 30 for
further details on our business units. CIBC is incorporated and domiciled in Canada, with our registered and principal business offices located at
CIBC SQUARE, Toronto, Ontario.
Note 1
Basis of preparation and summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements of CIBC have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). These consolidated financial statements also comply with Section 308(4) of the Bank Act
(Canada) and the requirements of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI).
CIBC has consistently applied the same accounting policies throughout all periods presented.
These consolidated financial statements are presented in millions of Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors (the Board) on November 29, 2023.
Summary of significant accounting policies
The following paragraphs describe our significant accounting policies.
Use of estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the recognized and measured amounts of assets, liabilities, net income, comprehensive income and related disclosures. Significant estimates
and assumptions are made in the areas of the valuation of financial instruments, allowance for credit losses, the evaluation of whether to consolidate
structured entities (SEs), leases, asset impairment, income taxes, provisions and contingent liabilities, post-employment and other long-term benefit
plan assumptions and the valuation of self-managed loyalty points programs. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Basis of consolidation
We consolidate entities over which we have control. We have control over another entity when we have: (i) power to direct relevant activities of the
entity; (ii) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from our involvement with the entity; and (iii) the ability to affect those returns through our power
over the entity.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities over which CIBC has control. Generally, CIBC has control of its subsidiaries through a shareholding of more than 50% of
the voting rights, and has significant exposure to the subsidiaries based on its ownership interests of more than 50%. The effects of potential voting
rights that CIBC has the practical ability to exercise are considered when assessing whether control exists. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the
date control is obtained by CIBC and are deconsolidated from the date control is lost. Consistent accounting policies are applied for all
consolidated subsidiaries. Details of our significant subsidiaries are provided in Note 26.
Structured entities
A SE is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when
any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the significant relevant activities are directed by contractual arrangements. SEs often have
some or all of the following features or attributes: (i) restricted activities; (ii) a narrow and well-defined objective, such as to securitize our own
financial assets or third-party financial assets to provide sources of funding or to provide investment opportunities for investors by passing on risks
and rewards associated with the assets of the SE to investors; (iii) insufficient equity to permit the SE to finance its activities without subordinated
financial support; or (iv) financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instruments to investors that create concentrations of credit or other
risks. Examples of SEs include securitization vehicles, asset-backed financings, and investment funds.
When voting rights are not relevant in deciding whether CIBC has power over an entity, particularly for complex SEs, the assessment of control
considers all facts and circumstances, including the purpose and design of the investee, its relationship with other parties and each party’s ability to
make decisions over significant activities, and whether CIBC is acting as a principal or as an agent.
We do not have control over an investee when we are acting as the agent for a third-party. In assessing whether we are an agent we determine
(i) the scope of our decision-making authority, (ii) the rights held by other parties, (iii) the remuneration to which we are entitled and (iv) our exposure
to variability of returns from other interests that we hold in the investee.
Consolidation conclusions are reassessed whenever there is a change in the specific facts and circumstances relevant to one or more of the
three elements of control. Factors that trigger the reassessment include, but are not limited to, significant changes in ownership structure of the
entities, changes in contractual or governance arrangements, provision of a liquidity facility beyond the original terms, transactions with the entities
that were not contemplated originally and changes in the financing structure of the entities.
Transactions eliminated on consolidation
All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains and losses on transactions are eliminated on consolidation.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests are presented on the consolidated balance sheet as a separate component of equity that is distinct from CIBC’s
shareholders’ equity. The net income attributable to non-controlling interests is presented separately in the consolidated statement of income.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 121
Consolidated financial statements
Associates and joint ventures
We classify investments in entities over which we have significant influence, and that are neither subsidiaries nor joint ventures, as associates.
Significant influence is presumed to exist where we hold, either directly or indirectly, between 20% and 50% of the voting rights of an entity, or, in the
case of a limited partnership, where CIBC is a co-general partner. Significant influence also may exist where we hold less than 20% of the voting
rights of an entity, for example if we have influence over policy-making processes through representation on the entity’s Board of Directors, or by
other means. Where we are a party to a contractual arrangement whereby we undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control together
with one or more parties, we classify our interest in the venture as a joint venture.
Investments in associates and interests in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, such
investments are initially measured at cost, including attributable goodwill and intangible assets, and are adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition
change in our share of the net assets of the investment.
In applying the equity method for an investment that has a different reporting period from that of CIBC, adjustments are made for the effects of
any significant events or transactions that occur between the reporting date of the investment and CIBC’s reporting date.
Foreign currency translation
Monetary assets and liabilities and non-monetary assets and liabilities measured at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are
translated into the functional currencies of operations at prevailing exchange rates at the date of the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue and
expenses are translated using average monthly exchange rates. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from translation into functional
currencies are included in the consolidated statement of income, with the exception of unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses on FVOCI
equity securities, which are included in AOCI.
Assets and liabilities of foreign operations with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar, including goodwill and fair value
adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated into Canadian dollars at the exchange rates prevailing as at the consolidated balance sheet date,
while revenue and expenses of these foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars at the average monthly exchange rates. Exchange
gains and losses arising from the translation of these foreign operations and from the results of hedging the net investment in these foreign
operations, net of applicable taxes, are included in Net foreign currency translation adjustments, in AOCI.
Any accumulated exchange gains and losses, including the impact of hedging, and any applicable taxes in AOCI are reclassified into the
consolidated statement of income when there is a disposal of a foreign operation, including a partial disposal of a foreign operation that involves the
loss of control. On partial disposal of a foreign operation that does not involve the loss of control, the proportionate share of the accumulated
exchange gains and losses, including the impact of hedging, and any applicable taxes previously recognized in AOCI are reclassified into the
consolidated statement of income.
Accounting for financial instruments
Classification and measurement of financial instruments
All financial assets must be classified at initial recognition as financial instruments mandatorily measured at FVTPL (trading and non-trading),
financial instruments measured at amortized cost, debt financial instruments measured at FVOCI, equity financial instruments designated at FVOCI,
or financial instruments designated at FVTPL (fair value option), based on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets and the
business model under which the financial assets are managed. All financial assets and derivatives are required to be measured at fair value with the
exception of financial assets measured at amortized cost. Financial assets are required to be reclassified when and only when the business model
under which they are managed has changed. All reclassifications are to be applied prospectively from the reclassification date.
The classification and measurement model requires that all debt instrument financial assets that do not meet a “solely payment of principal and
interest” (SPPI) test, including those that contain embedded derivatives, be classified at initial recognition as FVTPL. The SPPI test is conducted to
identify whether the contractual cash flows of a financial instrument are “solely payments of principal and interest” such that any variability in the
contractual cash flows is consistent with a “basic lending arrangement”. “Principal” for the purpose of this test is defined as the fair value of the
financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset, for example, due to repayments of principal or amortization of
the premium/discount. “Interest” for the purpose of this test is defined as the consideration for the time value of money and credit risk, which are the
most significant elements of interest within a lending arrangement. Contractual terms that introduce a more than de minimis exposure to risks or
volatility in the contractual cash flows that are unrelated to a basic lending arrangement do not give rise to contractual cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest on the amount outstanding. The intent of the SPPI test is to ensure that debt instruments that contain non-basic
lending features, such as conversion options and equity-linked payouts, are measured at FVTPL.
For debt instrument financial assets that meet the SPPI test, classification at initial recognition is determined based on the business model
under which these instruments are managed. Debt instruments that are managed on a “held for trading” or “fair value” basis are classified as
FVTPL. Debt instruments that are managed on a “hold to collect and for sale” basis are classified as FVOCI for debt. Debt instruments that are
managed on a “hold to collect” basis are classified as amortized cost. We consider the following in our determination of the applicable business
model for financial assets:
I)
II)
III) The basis on which performance of the portfolio is being evaluated; and
IV) The frequency and significance of sales activity.
The business purpose of the portfolio;
The risks that are being managed and the type of business activities that are being carried out on a day-to-day basis to manage the risks;
All equity instrument financial assets are classified at initial recognition as FVTPL unless they are not held with the intent for short-term profit-taking
and an irrevocable designation is made to classify the instrument as FVOCI for equities.
Financial liabilities, other than derivatives, obligations related to securities sold short and FVO liabilities, are measured at amortized cost.
Derivatives, obligations related to securities sold short and FVO financial liabilities are measured at fair value.
Derivatives are measured at FVTPL, except to the extent that they are designated in a hedging relationship, in which case the International
Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (IAS 39) hedge accounting requirements continue to apply.
Financial instruments mandatorily measured at FVTPL (trading and non-trading)
Trading financial instruments are mandatorily measured at FVTPL as they are held for trading purposes or are part of a managed portfolio with a
pattern of short-term profit-taking. Non-trading financial assets are also mandatorily measured at fair value if their contractual cash flow
characteristics do not meet the SPPI test or if they are managed together with other financial instruments on a fair value basis.
122 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Trading and non-trading financial instruments mandatorily measured at FVTPL are remeasured at fair value as at the consolidated balance
sheet date. Gains and losses realized on disposition and unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair value are included in Non-interest income
as Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net. Interest income and dividends earned on trading and non-trading
securities and dividends and interest expense incurred on securities sold short are included in Interest income and Interest expense, respectively.
Financial instruments designated at FVTPL (fair value option)
Financial instruments designated at FVTPL are those that we voluntarily designate at initial recognition as instruments that we will measure at fair
value through the consolidated statement of income that would otherwise fall into a different accounting category. The FVO designation, once made,
is irrevocable and can only be applied if reliable fair values are available, when doing so eliminates or significantly reduces the measurement
inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities on a different basis and if certain OSFI requirements pertaining to
certain loans are met. Financial liabilities may also be designated at FVTPL when they are part of a portfolio which is managed on a fair value basis,
in accordance with our investment strategy, and are reported internally on that basis. Designation at FVTPL may also be applied to financial
liabilities that have one or more embedded derivatives that would otherwise require bifurcation. We apply the FVO to certain mortgage
commitments.
Gains and losses realized on dispositions and unrealized gains and losses from changes in the fair value of FVO financial instruments are
treated in the same manner as financial instruments which are mandatorily measured at FVTPL, except that changes in the fair value of FVO
liabilities that are attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. Dividends and interest earned, and interest expense incurred on
FVO assets and liabilities are included in Interest income and Interest expense, respectively.
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
Financial assets measured at amortized cost are debt financial instruments with contractual cash flows that meet the SPPI test and are managed on
a “hold to collect” basis. These financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus or minus direct and incremental transaction costs, and are
subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method, net of an allowance for expected credit losses (ECL).
Loans measured at amortized cost include residential mortgages, personal loans, credit cards and most business and government loans.
Certain portfolios of treasury securities that are managed on a “hold to collect” basis are also classified as amortized cost. Most deposits with
banks, securities purchased under resale agreements, cash collateral on securities borrowed and most customers’ liability under acceptances are
accounted for at amortized cost.
Debt financial assets measured at FVOCI
Debt financial instruments measured at FVOCI are non-derivative financial assets with contractual cash flows that meet the SPPI test and are
managed on a “hold to collect and for sale” basis.
FVOCI debt instruments are measured initially at fair value, plus direct and incremental transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition,
FVOCI debt instruments are remeasured at fair value, with the exception that changes in ECL allowances in addition to related foreign exchange
gains or losses are recognized in the consolidated statement of income. Cumulative gains and losses previously recognized in OCI are transferred
from AOCI to the consolidated statement of income when the debt instrument is sold. Realized gains and losses on sale, determined on an average
cost basis, and changes in ECL allowances, are included in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net in the
consolidated statement of income. Interest income from FVOCI debt instruments is included in Interest income. FVOCI debt instruments include our
treasury securities which are managed on a “hold to collect and for sale” basis.
A debt financial instrument is classified as impaired (stage 3) when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future
cash flows of that financial instrument have occurred after its initial recognition. Evidence of impairment includes indications that the borrower is
experiencing significant financial difficulty, or a default or delinquency has occurred.
Equity financial instruments designated at FVOCI
Equity financial instruments are measured at FVTPL unless an irrevocable designation is made to measure them at FVOCI. Gains or losses from
changes in the fair value of equity instruments designated at FVOCI, including any related foreign exchange gains or losses, are recognized in OCI.
Amounts recognized in OCI will not be subsequently recycled to profit or loss, with the exception of dividends that are not considered a return of
capital, which are recognized as interest income when received in the consolidated statement of income. Instead, cumulative gains or losses upon
derecognition of the equity instrument will be transferred within equity from AOCI to retained earnings and presented in Realized gains (losses) on
equity securities designated at FVOCI reclassified to retained earnings in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. Financial assets
designated as FVOCI include non-trading equity securities, primarily related to our investment in private companies and certain limited partnerships.
Impairment of financial assets
ECL allowances are recognized on all financial assets that are debt instruments classified either as amortized cost or FVOCI and for all loan
commitments and financial guarantees that are not measured at FVTPL. ECL allowances represent credit losses that reflect an unbiased and
probability-weighted amount which is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes, the time value of money and reasonable and
supportable information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. Forward-looking information is explicitly
incorporated into the estimation of ECL allowances, which involves significant judgment (see Note 5 for additional details).
ECL allowances for loans and acceptances are included in Allowance for credit losses on the consolidated balance sheet. ECL allowances for
FVOCI debt securities are included as a component of the carrying value of the securities, which are measured at fair value. ECL allowances for
other financial assets are included in the carrying value of the instrument. ECL allowances for guarantees and loan commitments are included in
Other liabilities.
ECL allowances are measured at amounts equal to either: (i) 12-month ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments which have
experienced a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition or when there is objective evidence of impairment.
The calculation of ECL allowances is based on the expected value of three probability-weighted scenarios to measure the expected cash
shortfalls, discounted at the effective interest rate. A cash shortfall is the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due and the cash
flows that we expect to receive. The key inputs in the measurement of ECL allowances are as follows:
The probability of default (PD) is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given time horizon;
The loss given default (LGD) is an estimate of the loss arising in the case where a default occurs at a given time; and
The exposure at default (EAD) is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 123
Consolidated financial statements
Lifetime ECL is the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month ECL
is the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that represent the expected credit losses that result from default events on the financial instrument
that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date.
Stage migration and significant increase in credit risk
As a result of the requirements above, financial instruments subject to ECL allowances are categorized into three stages.
For performing financial instruments:
Stage 1 is comprised of all performing financial instruments which have not experienced a SICR since initial recognition. We recognize
12 months of ECL for stage 1 financial instruments. In assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly, we compare the risk of a default
occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of its initial
recognition.
Stage 2 is comprised of all performing financial instruments which have experienced a SICR since initial recognition. We recognize lifetime
ECL for stage 2 financial instruments. In subsequent reporting periods, if the credit risk of the financial instrument improves such that there is no
longer a SICR since initial recognition, then we revert to recognizing 12 months of ECL as the financial instrument has migrated back to stage 1.
We determine whether a financial instrument has experienced a SICR since its initial recognition on an individual financial instrument basis.
Changes in the required ECL allowance, including the impact of financial instruments migrating between stage 1 and stage 2, are recorded in
Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income. Significant judgment is required in the application of SICR (see Note 5 for
additional details).
Stage 3 financial instruments are those that we have classified as impaired. We recognize lifetime ECL for all stage 3 financial instruments. We
classify a financial instrument as impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that
financial instrument have occurred after its initial recognition. Evidence of impairment includes indications that the borrower is experiencing
significant financial difficulties, or a default or delinquency has occurred. All financial instruments on which repayment of principal or payment of
interest is contractually 90 days in arrears are automatically considered impaired, except for credit card loans, which are classified as impaired and
are fully written off when payments are contractually 180 days in arrears or at the earlier of the notice of bankruptcy, settlement proposal, or
enlistment of credit counselling services.
A financial instrument is no longer considered impaired when all past due amounts, including interest, have been recovered, and it is
determined that the principal and interest are fully collectable in accordance with the original contractual terms or revised market terms of the
financial instrument with all criteria for the impaired classification having been remedied.
Financial instruments are written off, either partially or in full, against the related allowance for credit losses when we judge that there is no
realistic prospect of future recovery in respect of those amounts. When financial instruments are secured, this is generally after all collateral has
been realized or transferred to CIBC, or in certain circumstances, when the net realizable value of any collateral and other available information
suggests that there is no reasonable expectation of further recovery. In subsequent periods, any recoveries of amounts previously written off are
credited to the provision for credit losses.
Purchased loans
Both purchased performing and purchased credit-impaired loans are initially measured at their acquisition date fair values. As a result of recording
these loans at fair value, no allowance for credit losses is recognized in the purchase equation at the acquisition date. Fair value is determined by
estimating the principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected and discounting those cash flows at a market rate of interest. At the
acquisition date, we classify a loan as performing where we expect timely collection of all amounts in accordance with the original contractual terms
of the loan and as credit-impaired where it is probable that we will not be able to collect all contractually required payments.
For purchased performing loans, the acquisition date fair value adjustment on each loan is amortized to interest income over the expected
remaining life of the loan using the effective interest rate method. The remaining unamortized amounts relating to those loans are recorded in
income in the period that the loan is repaid. ECL allowances are established in Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income
immediately after the acquisition date based on classifying each loan in stage 1, since the acquisition date is established as the initial recognition
date of purchased performing loans for the purpose of assessing whether a SICR has occurred. Subsequent to the acquisition date, ECL
allowances are estimated in a manner consistent with our SICR and impairment policies that we apply to loans that we originate.
For purchased credit-impaired loans, the acquisition date fair value adjustment on each loan consists of management’s estimate of the shortfall
of principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected and the time value of money. The time value of money component of the fair value
adjustment is amortized to interest income over the expected remaining life of the loan using the effective interest rate method. Subsequent to the
acquisition date, we regularly re-estimate the expected cash flows for purchased credit-impaired loans. Decreases in the expected cash flows will
result in an increase in our ECL allowance. Increases in the expected cash flows will result in a recovery of the ECL allowance. ECL allowances for
purchased credit-impaired loans are reported in stage 3.
Originated credit-impaired financial assets
The accounting for originated credit-impaired financial assets operates in a similar manner to the accounting for purchased credit-impaired loans in
that originated credit-impaired assets are initially recognized at fair value with no initial ECL allowance as concerns about the collection of future
cash flows are instead reflected in the origination date discount. The time value of money component of the discount is amortized to interest income
over the expected remaining life of the financial asset using the effective interest rate method. Changes in expectation regarding the contractual
cash flows for loans are recognized immediately in Provision for credit losses and for securities are recognized in Gains (losses) from debt
securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net.
This accounting generally applies to financial assets that result from debt restructuring arrangements in which a previously impaired financial
asset is exchanged for a new financial asset that is either recognized at a fair value that represents a deep discount to par or for which there are
significant concerns over the ability to collect the contractual cash flows.
Determination of fair value
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability between market participants in an orderly transaction in the
principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., the exit price). Fair value measurements are categorized into three
levels within a fair value hierarchy (Level 1, 2 or 3) based upon the market observability of the valuation inputs used in measuring the fair value. See
Note 2 for more details about fair value measurement subsequent to initial recognition by type of financial instrument.
124 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Transaction costs
Transaction costs relating to financial instruments mandatorily measured or designated at FVTPL are expensed as incurred. Transaction costs are
amortized over the expected life of the instrument using the effective interest rate method for instruments measured at amortized cost and debt
instruments measured at FVOCI. For equity instruments designated at FVOCI, transaction costs are included in the instrument’s carrying value.
Date of recognition of securities
We account for all securities transactions on our consolidated balance sheet using settlement date accounting.
Effective interest rate
Interest income and expense for all financial instruments measured at amortized cost and for debt securities measured at FVOCI are recognized in
Interest income and Interest expense using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated
future cash receipts or payments through the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying value of the financial asset or liability upon
initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, we estimate future cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial
instrument, but not future credit losses.
Fees relating to loan origination, including commitment, restructuring and renegotiation fees, are considered an integral part of the yield
earned on the loan and are accounted for using the effective interest rate method. Fees received for commitments that are not expected to result in
a loan are included in Non-interest income over the commitment period. Loan syndication fees are included in Non-interest income on completion of
the syndication arrangement, provided that the yield on the portion of the loan we retain is at least equal to the average yield earned by the other
lenders involved in the financing; otherwise, an appropriate portion of the fee is deferred as unearned income and amortized to interest income
using the effective interest rate method.
Interest income is recognized on stage 1 and stage 2 financial assets measured at amortized cost by applying the effective interest rate to the
gross carrying amount of the financial instrument. For stage 3 financial instruments, interest income is recognized using the rate of interest used to
discount the estimated future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss and applied to the net carrying value of the financial
instrument.
Securitizations and derecognition of financial assets
Securitization of our own assets provides us with an additional source of liquidity. As we generally retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of
the transferred assets, assets remain on the consolidated balance sheet and funding from these transactions is accounted for as Deposits –
secured borrowings.
Our contractual right to receive cash flows from the assets has expired;
Securitizations to non-consolidated SEs are accounted for as sales, with the related assets being derecognized, only where:
We transfer our contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, and have: (i) transferred substantially all the risks and
rewards of ownership, or (ii) neither retained nor transferred substantially all the risks and rewards, but have not retained control; or
The transfer meets the criteria of a qualifying pass-through arrangement.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires. If an existing financial liability is
replaced by another liability from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of the existing liability are substantially modified, such
an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the
respective carrying values is recognized in the consolidated statement of income. The repurchase of a debt instrument is considered an
extinguishment of that debt instrument even if we intend to resell the instrument in the near term.
Financial guarantees
Financial guarantees are financial contracts that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a
specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.
Financial guarantee contracts issued by CIBC that are not classified as insurance contracts are initially recognized as a liability at fair value,
adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantees, which is generally the premium received or receivable
on the date the guarantee was given. Subsequently, financial guarantee liabilities are measured at the higher of the initial fair value, less cumulative
amortization, and the applicable ECL allowances. A financial guarantee that qualifies as a derivative is remeasured at fair value as at each reporting
date and reported as Derivative instruments in assets or liabilities, as appropriate.
Mortgage commitments
Mortgage interest rate commitments are extended to our retail clients in contemplation of borrowing to finance the purchase of homes under
mortgages to be funded by CIBC in the future. These commitments are usually for periods of up to 120 days and generally entitle the borrower to
receive funding at the lower of the interest rate at the time of the commitment and the rate applicable at the funding date. We use financial
instruments, such as interest rate derivatives, to economically hedge our exposure to an increase in interest rates. Based on our estimate of the
commitments expected to be exercised, a financial liability is recognized on our consolidated balance sheet for those commitments where we apply
the FVO. We also carry the associated economic hedges at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of the FVO
commitment liability and the associated economic hedges are included in Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL,
net. In addition, since the fair value of the commitments is priced into the mortgage, the difference between the mortgage amount and its fair value at
funding is recognized in the consolidated statement of income to offset the carrying value of the mortgage commitment that is released upon its
expiry.
Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the amount presented net in the consolidated balance sheet, when we have a legally
enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intend to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Acceptances and customers’ liability under acceptances
Acceptances constitute a liability of CIBC on negotiable instruments issued to third parties by our customers. We earn a fee for guaranteeing and then
making the payment to the third parties. The amounts owed to us by our customers in respect of these guaranteed amounts are reflected in assets as
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Customers’ liability under acceptances. See the "Interest rate benchmark reform" section below for details on the impact of CDOR cessation on
acceptances and customers’ liability under acceptances.
Securities purchased under resale agreements and obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities purchased under resale agreements are treated as collateralized lending transactions as they represent the purchase of securities
affected with a simultaneous agreement to sell them back at a future date at a fixed price, which is generally near term. Securities subject to these
transactions include certain loans that are readily securitizable. The agreements include certain total return swap arrangements that are
economically equivalent to resale agreements. These transactions are classified and measured at amortized cost, as they meet the SPPI criteria and
are managed under a hold to collect business model, unless they were classified at FVTPL or designated under the FVO. For Securities purchased
under resale agreements that are classified at amortized cost, an ECL is applied. Interest income is accrued using the effective interest rate method
and is included in Interest income – Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements in the consolidated statement of income.
Similarly, securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized borrowing transactions at amortized cost with interest
expense accrued using the effective interest rate method and are included in Interest expense – Securities lent or sold under repurchase
agreements in the consolidated statement of income. Certain obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements are designated at
FVTPL under the FVO.
Cash collateral on securities borrowed and securities lent
The right to receive back cash collateral paid and the obligation to return cash collateral received on borrowing and lending of securities, which is
generally near term, is recognized as cash collateral on securities borrowed and securities lent, respectively. These transactions are classified and
measured at amortized cost as they meet the SPPI criteria and are managed under a hold to collect business model. For Cash collateral on
securities borrowed classified at amortized cost, an ECL is applied. Interest income on cash collateral paid and interest expense on cash collateral
received together with the security borrowing fees and security lending income are included in Interest income – Securities borrowed or purchased
under resale agreements and Interest expense – Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements, respectively. For securities borrowing and
lending transactions where securities are pledged or received as collateral, securities pledged by CIBC remain on the consolidated balance sheet
and securities received by CIBC are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheet.
Derivatives
We use derivative instruments for both asset/liability management (ALM) and trading purposes. The derivatives used for ALM purposes allow us to
manage financial risks, such as movements in interest and foreign exchange rates, while our derivative trading activities are primarily driven by
client activities. We may also take proprietary trading positions within prescribed risk limits with the objective of earning income.
All derivative instruments are recognized initially, and are measured subsequently, at fair value and are reported as assets where they have a
positive fair value and as liabilities where they have a negative fair value, in both cases as derivative instruments. Any realized and unrealized gains
or losses on derivatives used for trading purposes are recognized immediately in Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at
FVTPL, net. The accounting for derivatives used for ALM purposes depends on whether they qualify for hedge accounting as discussed below.
Fair values of exchange-traded derivatives are based on quoted market prices. Fair values of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, including
OTC derivatives that are centrally cleared, are obtained using valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and option pricing
models. See Note 12 for further information on the valuation of derivatives.
Derivatives used for ALM purposes that qualify for hedge accounting
As permitted at the time of transition to IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” (IFRS 9), we previously elected to continue to apply the hedge accounting
requirements of IAS 39.
We apply hedge accounting for derivatives held for ALM purposes that meet specified criteria. There are three types of hedges: fair value,
cash flow and hedges of net investments in foreign operations (NIFOs). When hedge accounting is not applied, the change in the fair value of the
derivative is recognized in the consolidated statement of income (see the “Derivatives used for ALM purposes that are not designated for hedge
accounting” section below).
In order for derivatives to qualify for hedge accounting, the hedge relationship must be designated and formally documented at its inception in
accordance with IAS 39. The particular risk management objective and strategy, the specific asset, liability or cash flow being hedged, as well as
how hedge effectiveness is assessed, are documented. Hedge effectiveness requires a high correlation of changes in fair values or cash flows
between the hedged and hedging items.
We assess the effectiveness of derivatives in hedging relationships, both at inception and on an ongoing basis. Ineffectiveness results to the
extent that the change in the fair value of the hedging derivative differs from the change in the fair value of the hedged risk in the hedged item, or
the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedging derivative exceeds the cumulative change in the fair value of expected future cash flows of
the hedged item. The amount of ineffectiveness of hedging instruments is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.
Interest rate benchmark reform
In response to interest rate benchmark reform, the IASB issued “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7”
(Phase 1 amendments) in September 2019, and “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: Phase 2 Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4, and
IFRS 16” (Phase 2 amendments) in August 2020. Only the amendments to the classification and measurement sections of IFRS 9, the hedge
accounting sections of IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (IAS 39), IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures”, IFRS 4
“Insurance Contracts”, and IFRS 16 “Leases” apply to us since we elected to continue to apply the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39 upon
the adoption of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” (IFRS 9). We adopted the Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments effective November 1, 2019 and
November 1, 2020, respectively.
During the period prior to the replacement of Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs), the Phase 1 amendments allow us to continue hedge accounting
by assuming that the interest rate benchmarks which are the basis for the hedged risk, the cash flows of the hedged item or the hedging instrument
are not altered as a result of the reform. For the bank’s cash flow hedges of forecast transactions that are directly impacted by IBOR reform, for the
purpose of assessing whether a forecast transaction is highly probable or expected to occur, the amendments allow us to assume that the
benchmark interest rate on which the hedged cash flows are based is not altered as a result of IBOR reform. Phase 1 amendments also provide
temporary exceptions to allow hedge accounting to continue if a hedge relationship does not meet certain hedge effectiveness assessment criteria
solely as a result of IBOR reform.
The Phase 2 amendments address issues once an existing rate is replaced with an alternative rate. The amendments provide temporary relief that
allows for hedging relationships to continue upon the replacement of an existing interest rate benchmark with an alternative rate under certain qualifying
conditions. The amendments also allow us to redefine the hedged risk to an alternative rate, and to amend the description of the hedged item and the
126 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
hedging instrument, and the description of how we will assess hedge effectiveness to reflect changes required by the reform without discontinuing the
hedge relationship. The amendments also provide temporary relief that allows us to designate an alternative rate as a risk component to hedge
provided that we reasonably expect that the alternative rate will become separately identifiable within 24 months of its first designation.
See the “Interest rate benchmark reform” section below for further detail.
Fair value hedges
We designate fair value hedges primarily as part of interest rate risk management strategies that use derivatives to hedge changes in the fair value
of financial instruments with fixed interest rates. Changes in fair value attributed to the hedged interest rate risk are accounted for as basis
adjustments to the hedged financial instruments and are included in Net interest income. Changes in fair value from the hedging derivatives are also
included in Net interest income. Any differences between the two represent hedge ineffectiveness that is included in Net interest income.
Similarly, for hedges of foreign exchange risk, changes in the fair value from the hedging derivatives and non-derivatives are included in
FXOTT. Changes in the fair value of the hedged item from the hedged foreign exchange risk are accounted for as basis adjustments and are also
included in FXOTT. Any difference between the two represents hedge ineffectiveness.
If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or where the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the
hedge relationship is terminated and the basis adjustment applied to the hedged item is amortized over the remaining term of the hedged item. If
the hedged item is derecognized, the unamortized basis adjustment is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.
Cash flow hedges
We designate cash flow hedges as part of interest rate risk management strategies that use derivatives to mitigate our risk from variable cash flows
by effectively converting certain variable-rate financial instruments to fixed-rate financial instruments, and as part of foreign exchange rate risk
management strategies to hedge forecasted foreign currency denominated cash flows. We also designate cash flow hedges to hedge changes in
CIBC’s share price in respect of certain cash-settled share-based payment awards.
The effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in OCI until the variability in cash flows being hedged
is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in future accounting periods, at which time an appropriate portion of the amount that was in
AOCI is reclassified into the consolidated statement of income. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the hedging derivative is
included in Net interest income, FXOTT, or Non-interest expenses immediately as it arises.
If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or where the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the
hedge relationship is terminated. Upon termination of the hedge relationship, any remaining amount in AOCI remains therein until it is recognized in
the consolidated statement of income when the variability in cash flows hedged or the hedged forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the
consolidated statement of income. When the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the related cumulative gain or loss in AOCI is
recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.
Hedges of NIFOs with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar
We may designate NIFO hedges to mitigate the foreign exchange risk on our NIFOs with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar.
These hedges are accounted for in a similar manner to cash flow hedges. The change in fair value of the hedging instrument relating to the
effective portion is recognized in OCI. The change in fair value of the hedging instrument attributable to the forward points and relating to the
ineffective portion is recognized immediately in FXOTT. Gains and losses in AOCI are reclassified to the consolidated statement of income upon the
disposal or partial disposal of the investment in the foreign operation that involves the loss of control, as explained in the “Foreign currency
translation” policy above.
Derivatives used for ALM purposes that are not designated for hedge accounting
The change in fair value of the derivatives not designated as accounting hedges but used to economically hedge FVO assets or liabilities is
included in Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/designated at FVTPL, net. The change in fair value of other derivatives not
designated as accounting hedges but used for other economic hedging purposes is included in Non-interest income as FXOTT or Other, as
appropriate, or in the case of economic hedges of cash-settled share-based payment obligations, in compensation expense.
Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in financial liabilities are accounted for as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risks are not closely
related to those of the host instrument and the terms of the embedded derivative represent those of a freestanding derivative in situations where the
combined instrument is not classified as FVTPL or FVO. These embedded derivatives, which are classified together with the host instrument on the
consolidated balance sheet, are measured at fair value, with changes therein included in the consolidated statement of income. The residual
amount of the host liability is accreted to its maturity value through Interest income and Interest expense, respectively, using the effective interest
rate method.
Gains at inception on derivatives embedded in financial instruments bifurcated for accounting purposes are not recognized at inception;
instead they are recognized over the life of the residual host instrument. Where an embedded derivative is separable from the host instrument but
the fair value, as at the acquisition or reporting date, cannot be reliably measured separately or is otherwise not bifurcated, the entire combined
contract is measured at FVTPL.
Financial assets with embedded derivatives are classified in their entirety into the appropriate classification at initial recognition through an
assessment of the contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset and the business model under which it is managed.
Accumulated other comprehensive income
AOCI is included on the consolidated balance sheet as a separate component of total equity, net of income tax. It includes net unrealized gains and
losses on FVOCI debt and equity securities, the effective portion of gains and losses on derivative instruments designated within effective cash flow
hedges under IAS 39, unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses on foreign operations with a functional currency other than the
Canadian dollar net of gains or losses on related hedges, net gains (losses) related to fair value changes of FVO liabilities attributable to changes in
own credit risk, and net gains (losses) on post-employment defined benefit plans.
Treasury shares
Where we repurchase our own equity instruments, these instruments are treated as treasury shares and are deducted from equity at their cost with
any gain or loss recognized in Contributed surplus or Retained earnings as appropriate. No gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of
income on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of our own equity instruments. Any difference between the carrying value and the consideration, if
reissued, is also included in Contributed surplus.
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Consolidated financial statements
Liabilities and equity
We classify financial instruments as a liability or equity based on the substance of the contractual arrangement. An instrument is classified as a
liability if it is a contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial asset, or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities at potentially
unfavourable terms. A contract is also classified as a liability if it is a non-derivative and could obligate us to deliver a variable number of our own
shares or it is a derivative other than one that can be settled by the delivery of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of
our own equity instruments. An instrument is classified as equity if it evidences a residual interest in our assets after deducting all liabilities. The
components of a compound financial instrument are classified and accounted for separately as assets, liabilities, or equity as appropriate.
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of equity instruments are shown in equity, net of income tax.
Property and equipment
Land is recognized initially at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Buildings, furniture, equipment
and leasehold improvements are recognized initially at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any
accumulated impairment losses.
Depreciation commences when the assets are available for use and is recognized on a straight-line basis to depreciate the cost of these
assets to their estimated residual value over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
Buildings – 40 years
Computer equipment – 3 to 7 years
Office furniture, equipment and other – 4 to 15 years
Leasehold improvements – over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term, including reasonably assured renewal
periods
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each annual reporting date and are adjusted if appropriate.
Gains and losses on disposal are included in Non-interest income – Other.
Leases
As a lessee, we recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability based on the present value of future lease payments, less any
lease incentives receivable, when the lessor makes the leased asset available for use to CIBC, based on the non-cancellable portion of the lease
term, adjusted for any renewal or termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Measurement of the right-of-use asset also
includes any initial direct costs of procuring the lease, any lease payments made or lease incentives received prior to lease commencement, and
the estimated cost of remediating the underlying asset at the end of the lease term. Discount rates are based on the rate implicit in the lease, if
determinable, or on CIBC’s incremental borrowing rate. Where a property lease contains both a lease and non-lease component, we have elected
not to allocate the consideration in the contract to each of the components. Subsequent to initial measurement, CIBC measures the lease liability by
increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability based on the discount rate at the time of recognition and reducing the carrying
amount to reflect lease payments made during the period, net of any remeasurements for lease reassessment or modifications. The right-of-use
asset is measured using the cost model, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets and the corresponding
lease liabilities, including asset retirement obligations, are recognized in Property and equipment and Other liabilities, respectively, on our
consolidated balance sheet.
The right-of-use asset and the corresponding lease liability are remeasured when there is a change in lease term, a change in the assessment
of an option to purchase a leased asset, a change in the expected residual value guarantee (if any), or a change in future lease payments due to a
change in the index or rate applicable to the payment. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment as required under IAS 36 “Impairment of
Assets” (IAS 36). Refer to the “Impairment of non-financial assets” policy below. In addition, the evaluation of the useful life for depreciation is
assessed under IAS 16 “Property, Plant and Equipment” (IAS 16).
Lease payments for low-value assets, short-term leases and variable leases are systematically recognized in Non-interest expenses based on
the nature of the expense.
As an intermediate lessor, we classify a sublease as an operating or finance sublease based on whether substantially all of the risks and
rewards related to the underlying right-of-use asset are transferred to the sub-lessee. If classified as a finance sublease, the related right-of-use
asset is derecognized and an investment in sublease is recognized, with the difference recognized in the consolidated statement of income as a
gain or loss. In measuring the investment in sublease, we apply the head lease discount rate unless the rate implicit in the sublease is determinable.
Where a finance sublease includes lease and non-lease components, we allocate the total consideration in the contract to each component based
on the standalone prices for each of these components. The investment in sublease is recognized in Other assets on our consolidated balance
sheet, and is subsequently measured using the effective interest rate method, with interest income recognized over the term of the sublease. Rental
income from operating subleases is recognized on a systematic basis over the lease term.
Goodwill, software and other intangible assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired in
business combinations. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately from goodwill when they are separable or arise from contractual or
other legal rights, and have fair values that can be reliably measured.
Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment review at least annually or more frequently if there are indicators that the goodwill may
be impaired. Refer to the “Impairment of non-financial assets” policy below.
Intangible assets represent software and customer relationships, core deposit intangibles, investment management contracts, and brand
names recognized as part of past acquisitions. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and
accumulated impairment losses. Each intangible asset is assessed for legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive or other factors to determine if the
useful life is definite. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which are as follows:
Software – 5 to 10 years
Contract-based intangibles – 8 to 15 years
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles – 3 to 16 years
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Indefinite-life intangible assets are
tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Refer to the “Impairment of non-financial
assets” policy below.
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Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying values of non-financial assets with definite useful lives, including right-of-use assets, buildings and equipment, and intangible assets
with definite useful lives are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite
useful lives are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. If any such indication of
impairment exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any.
For the purpose of reviewing non-financial assets with definite useful lives for impairment, asset groups are reviewed at their lowest level for
which identifiable cash inflows are largely independent of cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets. This grouping is referred to as a cash-
generating unit (CGU).
Corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. Corporate assets are tested for impairment at the minimum collection of CGUs to
which the corporate asset can be allocated reasonably and consistently.
The recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows
expected to be derived from the asset or CGU. If the recoverable amount is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized in the
consolidated statement of income in the period in which it occurs. If an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset is
increased to the extent that the carrying value of the underlying assets does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined, net of
depreciation or amortization, if no impairment had been recognized. Any impairment reversal is recognized in the consolidated statement of income
in the period in which it occurs.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment based on the group of CGUs expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination, and the
lowest level at which management monitors the goodwill. Any potential goodwill impairment is identified by comparing the recoverable amount of
the CGU grouping to which the goodwill is allocated to its carrying value including the allocated goodwill. If the recoverable amount is less than its
carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period in which it occurs. Impairment losses on
goodwill are not subsequently reversed if conditions change.
Income taxes
Income tax includes current tax and deferred tax which is recognized in the consolidated statement of income, except to the extent that it relates to
items recognized in OCI or directly in equity, in which case it is recognized accordingly.
Current tax is recognized as the tax calculated as payable on the taxable profit for the year, based on the applicable laws of each jurisdiction,
using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date, and any adjustment in respect of previous years. Current tax assets and
liabilities are offset when CIBC intends to settle on a net basis and the legal right to offset exists.
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet
and the corresponding amounts attributed to such assets and liabilities for tax purposes.
Deferred tax is recognized using the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the
laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and they relate to
income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different taxable entities which intend to settle current tax liabilities
and assets on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which deductible
temporary differences can be utilized.
Deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising from NIFO’s if they are not expected to reverse in the foreseeable
future and we expect to control the timing of reversal, deductible temporary differences arising from NIFOs if they are not expected to reverse in the
foreseeable future and it is not probable future taxable profits will be available against which these deductible temporary differences can be utilized,
temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects
neither accounting nor taxable income, or taxable temporary differences on the initial recognition of goodwill.
We are subject to income tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we operate, and the tax laws in those jurisdictions are potentially subject to
different interpretations by us and the relevant taxation authority, which gives rise to uncertainty. For tax positions where there is uncertainty
regarding the ultimate determination of the tax impact, including positions which are under audit, dispute or appeal, we recognize provisions to
consider this uncertainty based on our best estimate of the amount expected to be paid based on an assessment of the relevant factors. Changes
in our assessment of these factors could increase or decrease our provision for income taxes in future periods.
Pension and other post-employment benefits
We are the sponsor of a number of employee benefit plans. These plans include both defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans, and
various other post-employment benefit plans including post-retirement medical and dental benefits.
Defined benefit plans
The cost of pensions and other post-employment benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined separately for each plan using the
projected unit credit method and our best estimate of salary escalation, retirement ages of employees, mortality and expected health-care costs.
This represents CIBC’s defined benefit obligation, which is measured as at the reporting date. The discount rate used to measure the defined
benefit obligation is based on the yield of a portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are
expected to be paid and with terms to maturity that, on average, match the terms of the defined benefit obligation.
Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the reporting date.
The net defined benefit asset (liability) represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets. The net
defined benefit asset (liability) is included in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively.
Current service cost reflects the cost of providing post-employment benefits earned by employees in the current period. Current service cost is
calculated as the present value of the benefits attributed to the current year of service and is recognized in the consolidated statement of income.
The current service cost is calculated using a separate discount rate to reflect the longer duration of future benefit payments associated with the
additional year of service to be earned by the plan’s active participants.
Past service costs arising from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized in net income in the period in which they arise.
Net interest income or expense comprises interest income on plan assets and interest expense on the defined benefit obligation. Interest
income is calculated by applying the discount rate to the plan assets, and interest expense is calculated by applying the discount rate to the
defined benefit obligation. Net interest income or expense is recognized in the consolidated statement of income.
Actuarial gains and losses represent changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation which result from changes in actuarial
assumptions and differences between previous actuarial assumptions and actual experience, and from differences between the actual return on plan
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 129
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assets and assumed interest income on plan assets. Net actuarial gains and losses are recognized in OCI in the period in which they arise and are not
subject to subsequent reclassification to net income. Cumulative net actuarial gains and losses are included in AOCI.
When the calculation results in a net defined benefit asset, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available
in the form of future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (the asset ceiling). For plans where we do not have an
unconditional right to a refund of surplus, we determine the asset ceiling by reference to future economic benefits available in the form of reductions
in future contributions to the plan, in which case the present value of economic benefits is calculated giving consideration to minimum funding
requirements for future service that apply to the plan. Where a reduction in future contributions to the plan is not currently realizable at the reporting
date, we estimate whether we will have the ability to reduce contributions for future service at some point during the life of the plan by taking into
account, among other things, expected future returns on plan assets. If it is anticipated that we will not be able to recover the value of the net
defined benefit asset, after considering minimum funding requirements for future service, the net defined benefit asset is reduced to the amount of
the asset ceiling.
When the payment in the future of minimum funding requirements related to past service would result in a net defined benefit surplus, or an
increase in a net defined benefit surplus, the minimum funding requirements are recognized as a liability to the extent that the surplus would not be
fully available as a refund or a reduction in future contributions. Any funded status surplus is limited to the present value of future economic benefits
available in the form of refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan.
Defined contribution plans
Costs for defined contribution plans are recognized during the year in which the service is provided.
Other long-term employee benefits
CIBC offers other medical and dental benefits to employees while on long-term disability. CIBC also previously sponsored a closed long-term
disability income replacement plan that was classified as a long-term defined benefit arrangement before it was settled effective December 2021.
The amount of other long-term employee benefits is actuarially calculated using the projected unit credit method. Under this method, the
benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The methodology used to determine the discount rate used to value the long-term employee
benefit obligation is consistent with that for pension and other post-employment benefit plans. Actuarial gains and losses and past service costs are
recognized in the consolidated statement of income in the period in which they arise.
Share-based payments
We provide compensation to certain employees and directors in the form of share-based awards.
Compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized from the service commencement date to the earlier of the contractual vesting
date or the employee’s retirement eligible date. For grants regularly awarded in the annual incentive compensation cycle (annual incentive grant),
the service commencement date is considered to be the start of the fiscal year that precedes the fiscal year in which the grant is made. The service
commencement date in respect of special awards granted outside of the annual cycle is the grant date. The amount of compensation expense
recognized is based on management’s best estimate of the number of share-based awards expected to vest, including estimates of expected
forfeitures, which are revised periodically as appropriate. For the annual incentive grant, compensation expense is recognized from the service
commencement date based on the estimated fair value of the forthcoming grant with the estimated fair value adjusted to the actual fair value at the
grant date.
Under the Restricted Share Award (RSA) plan, where grants are settled in the cash equivalent of common shares, changes in the obligation
which arise from fluctuations in the market price of common shares, net of related hedges, are recognized in the consolidated statement of income
as compensation expense in proportion to the award recognized.
Under the Performance Share Unit (PSU) plan, where grants are settled in the cash equivalent of common shares, changes in the obligation
which arise from fluctuations in the market price of common shares, and revised estimates of the performance factor, net of related hedges, are
recognized in the consolidated statement of income as compensation expense in proportion to the award recognized. The performance factor
ranges from 75% to 125% of the initial number of units awarded based on CIBC’s performance relative to the other major Canadian banks.
Compensation expense in respect of the Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) is based on the grant date fair value. Where the service
commencement date precedes the grant date, compensation expense is recognized from the service commencement date based on the estimated
fair value of the award at the grant date, with the estimated fair value adjusted to the actual fair value at the grant date. Compensation expense
results in a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. If the ESOP award is exercised, the proceeds we receive, together with the amount
recognized in Contributed surplus, are credited to common share capital. If the ESOP award expires unexercised, the compensation expense
remains in Contributed surplus.
Compensation in the form of Deferred Share Units (DSUs) issued pursuant to the Deferred Share Unit Plan, the Deferred Compensation Plan
(DCP), and the Directors’ Plan entitles the holder to receive the cash equivalent of a CIBC common share. At the time DSUs are granted, the related
expense in respect of the cash compensation that an employee or director would otherwise receive would have been fully recognized. Changes in
the obligations which arise from fluctuations in the market price of common shares, net of related hedges, are recognized in the consolidated
statement of income as compensation expense for employee DSUs and as Non-interest expense – Other for Directors’ DSUs.
Our contributions under the Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP) are expensed as incurred.
The impact due to our changes in common share price in respect of cash-settled share-based compensation under the RSA and PSU plans is
hedged through the use of derivatives. We designate these derivatives within cash flow hedge accounting relationships. The effective portion of the
change in fair value of these derivatives is recognized in OCI and is reclassified into compensation expense, within the consolidated statement of
income, over the period that the hedged awards impact the consolidated statement of income. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of
the hedging derivatives is recognized in the consolidated statement of income immediately as it arises.
Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are liabilities of uncertain timing or amount. A provision is recognized when we have a present legal or constructive obligation as a result
of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of
the amount of the obligation. The provision is recognized as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the reporting date,
taking into account the risk and uncertainties related to the obligation. Where material, provisions are discounted to reflect the time value of money,
and the increase in the obligation due to the passage of time is presented as Interest expense in the consolidated statement of income.
Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence, or
non-occurrence, of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of CIBC, or are present obligations that have arisen from past
events but are not recognized because it is not probable that settlement will require the outflow of economic benefits.
Provisions and contingent liabilities are disclosed in the consolidated financial statements.
130 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Earnings per share
We present basic and diluted EPS for our common shares.
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income for the period attributable to CIBC common shareholders by the weighted-average number of
common shares outstanding during the period. The net income attributable to CIBC common shareholders is determined after deducting the
after-tax amount of dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments, which are accounted for in retained earnings, from
the net income attributable to equity shareholders.
Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income for the period attributable to CIBC common shareholders by the weighted-average number of
diluted common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted common shares reflect the potential dilutive effect of the exercise of stock options based
on the treasury stock method. For stock options, the treasury stock method determines the number of incremental common shares by assuming that
outstanding stock options, whose exercise price is less than the average market price of common shares during the period, are exercised and then
reduced by the number of common shares assumed to be repurchased with the exercise proceeds from the assumed exercise of the options.
Instruments determined to have an antidilutive effect for the period are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
Fee and commission income
The recognition of fee and commission income is determined by the purpose of the fee or commission and the terms specified in the contract with
the customer. Revenue is recognized when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the service to the customer, in the
amount of the consideration to which we expect to be entitled. Revenue may therefore be recognized at a point in time upon completion of the
service or over time as the services are provided. When revenue is recognized over time, we are generally required to provide the services each
period, such that control of the services is transferred evenly to the customer, and we therefore measure our progress towards completion of the
service based upon the time elapsed. For contracts where the transaction price includes variable consideration, revenue is only recognized to the
extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty
associated with the variable consideration is resolved, which typically occurs by the end of the reporting period. When another party is involved in
providing a service to a customer, we determine whether the nature of our performance obligation is that of a principal or an agent. If we control the
service before it is transferred to the customer, we are acting as the principal and present revenue separately from the amount paid to the other
party; otherwise we are the agent and present revenue net of the amount paid to the other party. Consideration payable to a customer, including
cash amounts payable to a customer, credits or other items that can be applied against amounts owing to us, is recognized as a reduction of
revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service, in which case the purchase of the good or service is
accounted for in the same way as for other purchases from suppliers. Our performance obligations typically have a term of one year or less, with
payment received upon satisfaction of the performance obligation or shortly afterwards, and as a result there is no significant financing component
and we do not typically capitalize the costs of obtaining contracts with our customers. Income which forms an integral part of the effective interest
rate of a financial instrument is recognized as an adjustment to the effective interest rate.
In addition to these general principles, the following specific policies are also applied:
Underwriting and advisory fees are earned on debt and equity securities placements and transaction-based advisory services. Underwriting
fees are typically recognized at the point in time when the transaction is completed. Advisory fees are generally recognized as revenue over the
period of the engagement as the related services are provided or at the point in time when the transaction is completed.
Deposit and payment fees arise from personal and business deposit accounts and cash management services. Monthly and annual fees are
recognized over the period that the related services are provided. Transactional fees are recognized at the point in time when the related services
are provided.
Credit fees consist of loan syndication fees, loan commitment fees, letter of credit fees, banker’s acceptance stamping fees, and securitization
fees. Credit fees are generally recognized over the period that the related services are provided, except for loan syndication fees, which are
typically recognized at the point in time that the financing placement is completed.
Card fees primarily include interchange income, overlimit fees, cash advance fees, and annual fees. Card fees are recognized at the point in
time that the related services are provided, except for annual fees, which are recognized over the 12-month period to which they relate. The cost of
credit card loyalty points is recognized as a reduction of interchange income when the loyalty points are issued for both self-managed and third-
party loyalty points programs. Credit card loyalty point liabilities are recognized for self-managed loyalty point programs and are subject to periodic
remeasurement to reflect the expected cost of redemption as this expectation changes over time.
Commissions on securities transactions include brokerage commissions for transactions executed on behalf of clients, trailer fees and mutual
fund sales commissions. Brokerage commissions and mutual fund sales commissions are generally recognized at the point in time that the related
transaction is executed. Trailer fees are typically calculated based upon the average daily net asset value of the mutual fund units held by clients
and are recognized over time as the related services are provided.
Investment management fees are primarily based on the respective value of the assets under management (AUM) or assets under
administration (AUA) and are recognized over the period that the related services are provided. Investment management fees relating to our asset
management and private wealth management business are generally calculated based on point-in-time AUM balances, and investment
management fees relating to our retail brokerage business are generally calculated based on point-in-time AUM or AUA balances. Custodial fees
are recognized as revenue over the applicable service period, which is generally the contract term.
Mutual fund fees include management fees and administration fees, which are earned on fund management services and are recognized over
the period that the mutual funds are managed based upon a specified percentage of the daily net asset values of the respective mutual funds. In
certain circumstances, CIBC may, on a discretionary basis, elect to absorb certain expenses that would otherwise be payable by the mutual funds
directly. These expenses are recognized in Non-interest expenses on the consolidated statement of income.
Interest rate benchmark reform
Various interest rate and other indices that are deemed to be “benchmarks” including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) are the subject of
international regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. Regulators in various jurisdictions have advocated for the transition from IBORs to alternative
benchmark rates (alternative rates), based upon risk-free rates determined using actual market transactions. Following the previous announcements by
various regulators, the publication of LIBOR settings for all sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss franc and euro, as well as 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR
settings was discontinued on December 31, 2021. The publication of remaining USD LIBOR settings was discontinued on June 30, 2023. Based on the
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) announcement in April 2023, the LIBOR administrator, ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, is continuing for a
limited period post June 30, 2023 the publication of the 1-month, 3-month and 6-month USD LIBOR settings on a non-representative synthetic basis to
support an orderly wind down of certain legacy contracts.
In December 2021, the Canadian Alternative Reference Rate working group (CARR) recommended to Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited
(RBSL), the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) administrator, to cease the calculation and publication of CDOR after June 30, 2024 and proposed a
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 131
Consolidated financial statements
two-staged approach to the transition from CDOR to Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA). Following public consultation, on May 16, 2022,
RBSL announced that it will permanently cease the publication and calculation of all remaining tenors of CDOR after June 28, 2024. Following this
announcement, OSFI published its expectations for CDOR transition which is consistent with the two-stage transition approach proposed by CARR. OSFI
expects all new derivatives and securities to transition to the alternative rates by June 30, 2023, with no new CDOR exposures after that date, with limited
exceptions. OSFI also expects all loan agreements referencing CDOR to be transitioned by June 28, 2024, and federally regulated financial institutions
to prioritize system and model updates to accommodate the use of CORRA prior to June 28, 2024. As part of its transition roadmap, CARR outlined a
number of CORRA First initiatives aimed at increasing the liquidity of CORRA. As part of these initiatives, inter-dealer trading of derivatives moved from
CDOR to CORRA. Earlier in 2023, CARR announced the development of 1-month and 3-month Term CORRA benchmarks, which were launched on
September 5, 2023. In July 2023, CARR announced that no new CDOR or bankers’ acceptance loans are to be originated after November 1, 2023. In
addition, the Canadian Fixed Income Forum (CFIF) published a white paper in January 2023 on the impact of CDOR cessation on the Bankers’
Acceptance market and the potential for alternative instruments, and the Bank of Canada announced in October 2023 that Bankers’ Acceptances (BAs)
will no longer be issued by major Canadian banks after the cessation of CDOR publication in June 2024 and outlined the CFIF recommendations for the
orderly winding down of BAs by June 2024.
The IASB has addressed the impact of IBOR reform on financial reporting by issuing Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments. We have adopted
Phase 1 and Phase 2 amendments effective November 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020, respectively. Phase 1 amendments provide temporary relief for
specific hedge accounting requirements to address uncertainties in the period prior to replacement of IBORs, and provide specific disclosure
requirements for the affected hedging relationships. Phase 2 amendments address issues that affect financial reporting once an existing rate is replaced
with an alternative rate and conclude the IASB’s amendments to financial reporting standards due to the effects of interest rate benchmark reform. The
Phase 2 amendments permit modifications of amortized cost financial assets and financial liabilities that are made as a direct consequence of IBOR
reform and on an economically equivalent basis to be accounted for by updating the effective interest rate prospectively with no immediate gain or loss
recognition. See “Derivatives used for ALM purposes that qualify for hedge accounting” for further details on temporary relief provided by the IASB.
As IBORs are widely referenced by large volumes of derivative, loan and cash products, the transition presents a number of risks to us, and
the industry as a whole. These transition risks include market risk (as new basis risks emerge), model risk, operational risk (as processes are
changed or newly introduced), legal risk (as contracts are revised) and conduct risk (in ensuring clients are adequately informed/prepared). In
response to the reforms to interest rate benchmarks, we have established an Enterprise IBOR Transition Program (Program), which is supported by
a formal governance structure and dedicated working groups that include stakeholders from frontline businesses as well as functional groups such
as Treasury, Technology and Operations, Risk Management, Legal and Finance, to manage and coordinate all aspects of the transition, including
the identification and mitigation of the risks. An IBOR Steering Committee has been established with responsibility for oversight and execution of the
Program. The IBOR Steering Committee manages the impact of the transition risks through appropriate mitigating actions. We also continue to
engage with industry associations to incorporate recent developments into our project plan. The Program provides regular updates to the senior
management including the Executive Committee and the Board.
As a part of the Program, we completed the transition of non-USD LIBOR referenced contracts in fiscal 2022 and in the third quarter of 2023, we
substantially completed the transition of our USD LIBOR referenced contracts including centrally cleared derivatives, to the alternative rates in a manner
that is consistent with regulatory expectations. The FCA’s announcement in April 2023, that the LIBOR administrator will continue to publish certain USD
LIBOR settings on a non-representative synthetic basis after June 30, 2023 for a limited period to allow market participants to use such rates in legacy
contracts, only impacted our debentures amounting to US$48 million (see Note 14 for additional details). Consistent with regulatory expectations, no new
derivatives or securities referenced to CDOR were originated after June 30, 2023, with limited permitted exceptions. We are in the process of
transitioning our CDOR and BA based contracts to the alternative rates by incorporating appropriate fallback provisions or making amendments to
contracts to reference alternative rates, and have developed business processes to support the transition. The Program continues to progress on its
CDOR transition plan to ensure an orderly transition and alignment with regulators’ expectations. As part of the Program, we continue to engage with
industry associations on ongoing developments, and continue to incorporate these into our project plan and make information available to our clients,
advising them on recent developments.
The following table presents the approximate notional amounts of our derivatives and the gross outstanding balances of our non-derivative
financial assets and financial liabilities that are indexed to CDOR with a maturity date beyond June 28, 2024 that are expected to be affected by
IBOR reform.
(billions of Canadian dollars)
Non-derivative financial assets
Securities
Loans and customers’ liability under acceptances
(3)
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Secured borrowing deposits and subordinated indebtedness
Other deposits and acceptances
(3)
(4)
Notional/gross outstanding amounts (2)
(1)
October 31, 2023
October 31, 2022
CDOR
Maturing after
June 28, 2024
CDOR
Maturing after
June 28, 2024
$
5.6
30.0
35.6
5.0
10.1
15.1
$
3.4
20.0
23.4
6.5
7.1
13.6
Derivatives (5)
2,093.7
1,757.9
(1) The table excludes undrawn loan commitments. As at October 31, 2023, the total outstanding undrawn loan commitments that are denominated in Canadian dollars and
are potentially subject to CDOR transition with a maturity date beyond June 28, 2024 are estimated to be $37.8 billion (2022: $24.7 billion). A portion of these commitments
can also be drawn in other benchmark rates.
(2) Includes exposures for which fallback provisions have been incorporated.
(3) Includes exposures referenced to the 1-month and 3-month Bankers’ Acceptance rates.
(4) Includes subordinated indebtedness with redemption dates either prior to or after June 28, 2024, which will be repriced based on CDOR and mature after June 28, 2024 to
the extent that they are not redeemed.
(5) As at October 31, 2023, the notional amount of our derivatives in designated hedge accounting relationships that are indexed to CDOR with a maturity date beyond
June 28, 2024, was approximately $104.2 billion (2022: $151.9 billion). For basis swaps in which both legs are indexed to CDOR, the notional amount of each leg has been
included in the table above and in the notional amount of our derivatives in designated hedge accounting relationships that are indexed to CDOR.
132 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Note 2
Fair value measurement
This note presents the fair values of financial instruments and explains how we determine those values. Note 1, “Basis of preparation and summary
of significant accounting policies”, sets out the accounting treatment for each measurement category of financial instruments.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, between market participants in an orderly
transaction in the principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., the exit price). The determination of fair value
requires judgment and is based on market information, where available and appropriate. Fair value measurements are categorized into three levels
within a fair value hierarchy (Level 1, 2 or 3) based on the valuation inputs used in measuring the fair value, as outlined below.
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities we can access at the measurement date. Bid
prices, ask prices or prices within the bid and ask, which are the most representative of the fair value, are used as appropriate to measure fair
value. Fair value is best evidenced by an independent quoted market price for the same instrument in an active market. An active market is
one where transactions are occurring with sufficient frequency and volume to provide quoted prices on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are inactive or observable market quotes for similar instruments, or use
of valuation techniques where all significant inputs are observable. Inactive markets may be characterized by a significant decline in the
volume and level of observed trading activity or through large or erratic bid/offer spreads. In instances where traded markets do not exist or
are not considered sufficiently active, we measure fair value using valuation models.
Level 3 – Non-observable or indicative prices or use of valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are non-observable.
For a significant portion of our financial instruments, quoted market prices are not available because of the lack of traded markets, and even where
such markets do exist, they may not be considered sufficiently active to be used as a final determinant of fair value. When quoted market prices in
active markets are not available, we would consider using valuation models. The valuation model and technique we select maximizes the use of
observable market inputs to the extent possible and appropriate in order to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction would take place at
the measurement date. In an inactive market, we consider all reasonably available information, including any available pricing for similar
instruments, recent arm’s-length market transactions, any relevant observable market inputs, indicative dealer or broker quotations, and our own
internal model-based estimates.
Valuation adjustments are an integral component of our fair valuation process. We apply judgment in establishing valuation adjustments that
take into account various factors that may have an impact on the valuation. Such factors primarily include, but are not limited to, the bid-offer
spreads, illiquidity due to lack of market depth, parameter uncertainty and other market risk, model risk and credit risk of our derivative assets and
liabilities, as well as adjustments for valuing our uncollateralized derivative assets and liabilities based on an estimated market cost of funds curve.
Generally, the unit of account for a financial instrument is the individual instrument, and valuation adjustments are applied at an individual
instrument level, consistent with that unit of account. In cases where we manage a group of financial assets and liabilities that consist of
substantially similar and offsetting risk exposures, the fair value of the group of financial assets and liabilities is measured on the basis of the net
open risks.
We apply judgment in determining the most appropriate inputs and the weighting we ascribe to each such input as well as in our selection of
valuation methodologies. Regardless of the valuation technique we use, we incorporate assumptions that we believe market participants would
make for credit, funding, and liquidity considerations. When the fair value of a financial instrument at inception is determined using a valuation
technique that incorporates one or more significant inputs that are non-observable, no inception profit or loss (the difference between the
determined fair value and the transaction price) is recognized at the time the asset or liability is initially recorded. Any gains or losses at inception
are deferred and recognized only in future periods over the term of the instruments or when the inputs become significantly observable.
We have an ongoing process for evaluating and enhancing our valuation techniques and models. Where enhancements are made, they are
applied prospectively, so that fair values reported in prior periods are not recalculated on the new basis. Valuation models used, including analytics
for the construction of yield curves and volatility surfaces, are vetted and approved, consistent with our model risk policy.
To ensure that valuations are appropriate, we have established internal guidance on fair value measurement, which is reviewed periodically in
recognition of the dynamic nature of markets and the constantly evolving pricing practices in the market. A number of policies and controls are put
in place to ensure that the internal guidance on fair value measurement is being applied consistently and appropriately, including independent
validation of valuation inputs to external sources such as exchange quotes, broker quotes or other management-approved independent pricing
sources. Key model inputs, such as yield curves and volatilities, are independently verified. The results from the independent price validation and
any valuation adjustments are reviewed by the Independent Price Verification Committee on a monthly basis. This includes, but is not limited to,
reviewing fair value adjustments and methodologies, independent price verification results, limits and valuation uncertainty.
Due to the judgment used in applying a wide variety of acceptable valuation techniques and models, as well as the use of estimates inherent
in this process, estimates of fair value for the same or similar assets may differ among financial institutions. The calculation of fair value is based on
market conditions as at each consolidated balance sheet date and may not be reflective of ultimate realizable value.
Methods and assumptions
Financial instruments with fair value equal to carrying value
For financial instruments that are not carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value and where we consider the carrying value to be a
reasonable approximation of fair value due to their short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk, the fair values disclosed for these financial
instruments are assumed to equal their carrying values. These financial instruments are: cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks; short-
term interest-bearing deposits with banks; cash collateral on securities borrowed; securities purchased under resale agreements; customers’
liability under acceptances; cash collateral on securities lent; obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements; acceptances;
deposits with demand features; and certain other financial assets and liabilities.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 133
Consolidated financial statements
Securities
The fair value of debt or equity securities and obligations related to securities sold short is based on quoted bid or ask market prices where
available in an active market.
Securities for which quotes in an active market are not available are valued using all reasonably available market information as described
below.
The fair value of government issued or guaranteed securities that are not traded in an active market is calculated by applying valuation
techniques such as discounted cash flow models using implied yields derived from the prices of actively traded government securities and most
recently observable spread differentials.
The fair value of corporate debt securities is determined using the most recently executed transaction prices, and where appropriate, adjusted
to the price of these securities obtained from independent dealers, brokers, and third-party multi-contributor consensus pricing sources. When
observable price quotations are not available, fair value is determined based on discounted cash flow models using observable discounting curves
such as benchmark and government yield curves and spread differentials observed through independent dealers, brokers, and third-party multi-
contributor consensus pricing sources.
Asset-backed securities (ABS) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) not issued or guaranteed by a government are valued using
discounted cash flow models making maximum use of market observable inputs, such as broker quotes on identical or similar securities and other
pricing information obtained from third-party pricing sources adjusted for the characteristics and the performance of the underlying collateral. Other
key inputs used include prepayment and liquidation rates, credit spreads, and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. These
assumptions factor in information that is derived from actual transactions, underlying reference asset performance, external market research, and
market indices, where appropriate.
Privately issued debt and equity securities are valued using recent market transactions, where available. Otherwise, fair values are derived
from valuation models using a market or income approach. These models consider various factors, including projected cash flows, earnings,
revenue or other third-party evidence as available. The fair value of limited partnership investments is based upon net asset values published by
third-party fund managers and is adjusted for more recent information where available and appropriate. The carrying value of Community
Reinvestment Act equity investments and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock approximates fair value.
Loans
The fair value of variable-rate loans and loans for which interest rates are repriced or reset frequently is assumed to be equal to their carrying value.
The fair value for fixed-rate loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that uses market interest rates.
The ultimate fair value of loans disclosed is net of the associated allowance for credit losses. The fair value of loans is not adjusted for the
value of any credit derivatives used to manage the credit risk associated with them. The fair value of these credit derivatives is disclosed separately.
Securities purchased under resale agreements or sold under repurchase agreements
The fair values of these contracts are determined using valuation techniques such as the discounted cash flow method using interest rate curves as
inputs.
Other assets and other liabilities
Other assets and other liabilities mainly comprise accrued interest receivable or payable, brokers’ client accounts receivable or payable, derivative
collateral receivable or payable, precious metals and accounts receivable or payable.
The fair values of other assets and other liabilities are primarily assumed to be at cost or amortized cost as we consider the carrying value to
be a reasonable approximation of fair value, except for the fair value of precious metals, which is quoted in an active market. Other assets also
include investment in bank-owned life insurance carried at the cash surrender value, which is assumed to be a reasonable approximation of fair
value.
Deposits
The fair values of floating-rate deposits and demand deposits are assumed to be equal to their amortized cost. The fair value of fixed-rate deposits
is determined by discounting the contractual cash flows using either current market interest rates with similar remaining terms or rates estimated
using internal models and broker quotes. The fair value of deposit liabilities with embedded optionality includes the fair value of those options. The
fair value of equity- and commodity-linked notes includes the fair value of embedded equity and commodity derivatives.
Certain deposits designated at FVTPL are structured notes that have coupons or repayment terms linked to the performance of commodities,
debt or equity securities or specific market indices. The fair value of these structured notes is estimated using internally vetted valuation models for
the debt and embedded derivative portions of the notes by incorporating market observable prices of the referenced securities or comparable
securities, and other inputs such as interest rate yield curves, equity prices or indices, market volatility levels, foreign exchange rates and changes
in our own credit risk, where appropriate. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, management judgment is required to determine fair
values by assessing other relevant sources of information such as historical data, proxy information from similar transactions, and through
extrapolation and interpolation techniques. Appropriate market risk valuation adjustments for such inputs are assessed in all such instances.
The fair value of secured borrowings, which comprises liabilities issued by or as a result of activities associated with the securitization of
residential mortgages, the Covered Bond Programme, and consolidated securitization vehicles, is based on identical or proxy market observable
quoted bond prices or determined by discounting the contractual cash flows using maximum market observable inputs, such as market interest
rates, or credit spreads implied by debt instruments of similar credit quality, as appropriate.
Subordinated indebtedness
The fair value of subordinated indebtedness is determined by reference to market prices for the same or similar debt instruments.
134 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Derivative instruments
The fair value of exchange-traded derivatives such as options and futures is based on quoted market prices. OTC derivatives primarily consist of
interest rate swaps, foreign exchange forwards, equity and commodity derivatives, interest rate and currency derivatives, and credit derivatives. For
such instruments, where quoted market prices or third-party consensus pricing information are not available, valuation techniques are employed to
estimate fair value on the basis of pricing models. Such vetted pricing models incorporate current market measures for interest rates, foreign
exchange rates, equity and commodity prices and indices, credit spreads, corresponding market volatility levels, and other market-based pricing
factors.
In order to reflect the observed market practice of pricing collateralized and uncollateralized derivatives, our valuation approach uses
overnight indexed swap (OIS) curves as the discount rate for valuing collateralized derivatives and uses an estimated market cost of funds curve as
the discount rate for valuing uncollateralized derivatives. Uncollateralized derivatives are valued based on an estimated market cost of funds curve,
which reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative assets incremental to the reduction in fair value for credit risk already reflected through
the credit valuation adjustment (CVA). In contrast, the use of a market cost of funds curve reduces the fair value of uncollateralized derivative
liabilities in a manner that generally includes adjustments for our own credit. As market practices continue to evolve in regard to derivative valuation,
further adjustments may be required in the future.
In addition to reflecting estimated market funding costs in our valuation of uncollateralized derivative receivables, we also consider whether a
CVA is required to recognize the risk that any given derivative counterparty may not ultimately be able to fulfill its obligations. The CVA is driven off
market-observed credit spreads or proxy credit spreads and our assessment of the net counterparty credit risk (CCR) exposure. In assessing this
exposure, we also take into account credit mitigants such as collateral, master netting arrangements, and settlements through clearing houses. As
noted above, the fair value of uncollateralized derivative liabilities based on market cost of funding generally includes adjustments for our own
credit.
In determining the fair value of complex and customized derivatives, such as equity, credit, and commodity derivatives written in reference to
indices or baskets of reference, we consider all reasonably available information including any relevant observable market inputs, third-party
consensus pricing inputs, indicative dealer and broker quotations, and our own internal model-based estimates, which are vetted and approved in
accordance with our model risk policy, and are regularly and periodically calibrated. The model calculates fair value based on inputs specific to the
type of contract, which may include stock prices, correlation for multiple assets, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, yield curves, volatility
surfaces, and the probability of early termination. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, management judgment is required to
determine fair values by assessing other relevant sources of information such as historical data, proxy information from similar transactions, and
through extrapolation and interpolation techniques. Appropriate parameter uncertainty and market risk valuation adjustments for such inputs and
other model risk valuation adjustments are assessed in all such instances.
Mortgage commitments
The fair value of mortgage commitments designated at FVTPL is for fixed-rate residential mortgage commitments and is based on changes in
market interest rates for the loans between the commitment and the consolidated balance sheet dates. The valuation model takes into account the
expected probability that outstanding commitments will be exercised as well as the length of time the commitment is offered.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 135
Carrying value
Amortized
cost
Mandatorily
measured
at FVTPL
Designated
at FVTPL
Fair value
through
OCI
Fair
value
Fair value
over (under)
carrying value
$
– $
–
–
–
–
61,331
–
–
55,718
67,294
14,651
66,797
273,785
44,570
17,853
192,856
–
10,816
18,651
$
– $
82,723
–
13,387
3
–
–
126
33,243
–
–
–
–
–
144
–
–
–
$
–
–
–
–
$
–
56,099
–
–
$ 225,183 $
392,021
22,296
48,098
–
10,820
–
8,081
– $ 13,852 $
–
–
–
41,290
–
18,666
–
20,540
–
1,386
–
–
–
–
82,403
18,459
6,483
62,193
52,484
15,326
53,626
269,409
44,527
15,695
186,485
–
11,574
26,387
–
119
–
4,715
16
–
$
1,668 $
67,296
–
15,587
4
–
–
758
43,035
–
–
–
–
–
205
–
–
–
$
$ 220,244
383,502
22,523
44,110
–
11,586
–
4,853
$
– $ 11,851
13,686
–
–
–
1,656
–
–
52,340
–
–
–
15,284
–
–
73,084
19,830
6,292
–
102
–
4,087
22
–
Total
55,718
211,348
14,651
80,184
273,788
44,570
17,853
193,126
33,243
10,816
18,651
$
55,718
209,326
14,651
80,184
268,403
44,454
17,909
192,727
33,243
10,816
18,651
$ 239,035
412,561
22,296
49,484
41,290
10,820
18,666
8,081
$ 238,725
412,983
22,296
49,353
41,290
10,820
18,666
8,081
87,118
18,594
6,483
63,861
175,879
15,326
69,213
269,413
44,527
15,695
187,448
43,035
11,574
26,387
$
87,118
18,594
6,561
63,861
173,663
15,326
69,213
262,865
44,394
15,775
186,967
43,035
11,574
26,387
$ 232,095
397,188
22,523
45,766
52,340
11,586
15,284
4,853
$ 231,532
397,145
22,523
45,507
52,340
11,586
15,284
4,853
77,171
19,954
6,292
77,171
19,954
6,329
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$
$
$
$
–
(2,022)
–
–
(5,385)
(116)
56
(399)
–
–
–
(310)
422
–
(131)
–
–
–
–
–
–
78
–
(2,216)
–
–
(6,548)
(133)
80
(481)
–
–
–
(563)
(43)
–
(259)
–
–
–
–
–
–
37
Consolidated financial statements
Fair value of financial instruments
$ millions, as at October 31
2023 Financial assets
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Loans
$
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other assets
Financial liabilities
Deposits
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Obligations related to securities sold short
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold under
repurchase agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
2022 Financial assets
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Loans
$
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other assets
Financial liabilities
Deposits
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Obligations related to securities sold short
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold under
repurchase agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
136 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Fair value of derivative instruments
$ millions, as at October 31
Held for trading
Interest rate derivatives
Over-the-counter
– Forward rate agreements
– Swap contracts
– Purchased options
– Written options
Exchange-traded
– Futures contracts
– Purchased options
– Written options
Total interest rate derivatives
Foreign exchange derivatives
Over-the-counter
– Forward contracts
– Swap contracts
– Purchased options
– Written options
Total foreign exchange derivatives
– Credit default swap contracts – protection purchased
– Credit default swap contracts – protection sold
Credit derivatives
Over-the-counter
Total credit derivatives
Equity derivatives
Over-the-counter
Exchange-traded
Total equity derivatives
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives
Over-the-counter
Exchange-traded
Total precious metal and other commodity derivatives
Total held for trading
Held for ALM
Interest rate derivatives
Over-the-counter
– Forward rate agreements
– Swap contracts
– Purchased options
– Written options
Total interest rate derivatives
Foreign exchange derivatives
Over-the-counter
– Forward contracts
– Swap contracts
Total foreign exchange derivatives
Equity derivatives
Over-the-counter
Total equity derivatives
Total held for ALM
Total fair value
Less: effect of netting
Positive
Negative
2023
Net
Positive
Negative
2022
Net
$
550 $
8,259
411
–
9,220
–
1
–
1
$
47
16,934
–
365
17,346
$
503
(8,675)
411
(365)
(8,126)
–
6,688
491
–
7,179
$
1
12,762
–
354
13,117
$
(1)
(6,074)
491
(354)
(5,938)
–
–
1
1
–
1
(1)
–
3
3
–
6
1
–
–
1
2
3
–
5
9,221
17,347
(8,126)
7,185
13,118
(5,933)
7,395
5,423
446
–
6,978
8,013
–
364
13,264
15,355
47
17
64
2,899
2,331
5,230
2,874
154
3,028
11
52
63
3,396
2,406
5,802
1,791
251
2,042
417
(2,590)
446
(364)
(2,091)
36
(35)
1
(497)
(75)
(572)
1,083
(97)
986
10,650
8,252
561
–
19,463
53
6
59
2,338
2,775
5,113
8,163
118
8,281
11,798
10,198
–
481
22,477
12
51
63
3,110
3,220
6,330
2,989
1,301
4,290
30,807
40,609
(9,802)
40,101
46,278
1
179
6
–
186
23
2,222
2,245
5
5
–
(1,752)
1
3
(1,748)
63
2,259
2,322
107
107
1
1,931
5
(3)
1,934
(40)
(37)
(77)
(102)
(102)
696
391
1
–
1,088
29
1,805
1,834
12
12
62
1,194
–
10
1,266
129
4,623
4,752
44
44
(1,148)
(1,946)
561
(481)
(3,014)
41
(45)
(4)
(772)
(445)
(1,217)
5,174
(1,183)
3,991
(6,177)
634
(803)
1
(10)
(178)
(100)
(2,818)
(2,918)
(32)
(32)
(3,128)
(9,305)
–
2,436
33,243
(21,787)
681
41,290
(21,787)
$
11,456 $
19,503
$
1,755
(8,047)
–
(8,047) $
2,934
43,035
(25,999)
6,062
52,340
(25,999)
17,036
$
26,341
$
(9,305)
Financial assets and liabilities not carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value
The table below presents the fair values by level within the fair value hierarchy for those financial instruments in which fair value is not assumed to
equal the carrying value:
$ millions, as at October 31
Financial assets
Amortized cost securities
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal
Credit card
Business and government
Financial liabilities
Deposits
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Subordinated indebtedness
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Quoted market price
Valuation technique –
observable market inputs
Valuation technique –
non-observable market inputs
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Total
2023
Total
2022
$ –
$ –
$
64,530
$
49,576
$
742
$
692
$
65,272 $
50,268
–
–
–
–
$ –
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
268,400
44,454
17,909
192,457
262,861
44,394
15,775
186,004
268,400
44,454
17,909
192,457
$
$ –
–
–
–
–
82,701
187,216
9,079
43,996
6,561
$
62,636
179,182
10,724
40,913
6,329
$
$
2,242
5,796
–
3,971
–
1,899
1,766
–
2,938
–
$
84,943 $
193,012
9,079
47,967
6,561
262,861
44,394
15,775
186,004
64,535
180,948
10,724
43,851
6,329
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 137
Consolidated financial statements
Financial instruments carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value
The table below presents the fair values of financial instruments by level within the fair value hierarchy:
$ millions, as at October 31
Financial assets
Deposits with banks
Debt securities mandatorily measured and
designated at FVTPL
Government issued or guaranteed
Corporate debt
Mortgage- and asset-backed
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL
Business and government
Residential mortgages
Debt securities measured at FVOCI
Government issued or guaranteed
Corporate debt
Mortgage- and asset-backed
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Quoted market price
Valuation technique –
observable market inputs
Valuation technique –
non-observable market inputs
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Total
2023
Total
2022
$
–
$
–
$
–
$
1,668
$
–
$
–
$
– $
1,668
4,194
–
–
4,194
–
–
–
3,468
–
–
3,468
2,611
–
–
2,611
–
–
–
4,888
–
–
4,888
25,128
4,455
3,056
32,639
126
3
129
48,717
6,658
1,916
57,291
25,539
3,609
3,656
32,804
276
4
280
42,200
6,967
1,522
50,689
–
–
151
151
(1)
144
–
144
–
–
–
–
–
2
207
209
(1)
687
–
687
–
–
–
–
29,322
4,455
3,207
36,984
270
3
273
52,185
6,658
1,916
60,759
28,150
3,611
3,863
35,624
963
4
967
47,088
6,967
1,522
55,577
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at FVTPL
and designated at FVOCI
44,852
30,962
872
773
587
459
46,311
32,194
Securities purchased under resale agreements
measured at FVTPL
–
–
18,387
15,587
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
Foreign exchange
Credit
Equity
Precious metal and other commodity
1
–
–
2,331
15
2,347
6
–
–
2,776
94
2,876
9,385
15,509
18
2,900
3,013
30,825
8,249
21,297
14
2,345
8,187
40,092
Total financial assets
$
54,861
$ 41,337 $ 140,143 $ 141,893
$
–
(6,265)
$
$
–
(5,499)
(35,671) $
(12,401)
(26,908)
(9,785)
–
21
–
46
4
–
71
–
18
–
45
4
–
67
18,387
15,587
9,407
15,509
64
5,235
3,028
33,243
8,273
21,297
59
5,125
8,281
43,035
$
$
953
$
1,422
$
195,957 $ 184,652
(242)
–
$
(409) $
–
(35,913) $
(18,666)
(27,317)
(15,284)
Financial liabilities
Deposits and other liabilities
(2)
Obligations related to securities sold short
Obligations related to securities sold under
repurchase agreements
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
Foreign exchange
Credit
Equity
Precious metal and other commodity
–
–
(4,715)
(4,087)
–
–
(4,715)
(4,087)
(1)
–
–
(2,406)
(68)
(2,475)
(1)
–
–
(3,220)
(365)
(13,781)
(17,677)
(11)
(3,498)
(1,974)
(12,850)
(27,229)
(13)
(3,151)
(3,925)
(3,586)
(36,941)
(47,168)
(1,817)
–
(52)
(5)
–
(1,874)
(1,533)
–
(50)
(3)
–
(1,586)
(15,599)
(17,677)
(63)
(5,909)
(2,042)
(14,384)
(27,229)
(63)
(6,374)
(4,290)
(41,290)
(52,340)
Total financial liabilities
$
(8,740) $
(9,085) $
(89,728) $
(87,948)
$
(2,116)
$
(1,995) $
(100,584) $
(99,028)
(1) Includes $144 million related to loans designated at FVTPL (2022: $205 million).
(2) Comprises deposits designated at FVTPL of $35,639 million (2022: $26,802 million), net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities of $139 million (2022: net bifurcated
embedded derivative liabilities of $391 million), other liabilities designated at FVTPL of $16 million (2022: $22 million), and other financial liabilities measured at fair value of
$119 million (2022: $102 million).
Transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the year in which the transfer occurred.
Transfers between levels can occur as a result of additional or new information regarding valuation inputs and changes in their observability. During
the year, we transferred $650 million of securities mandatorily measured at FVTPL (2022: $1,287 million) from Level 1 to Level 2 and nil (2022: nil)
from Level 2 to Level 1, $933 million of securities sold short (2022: $4,532 million) from Level 1 to Level 2 and nil (2022: nil) from Level 2 to Level 1
due to changes in the observability of the inputs used to value these securities. In addition, transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were made
during 2023 and 2022, primarily due to changes in the assessment of the observability of certain correlation, market volatility and probability inputs
that were used in measuring the fair value of our fair value option liabilities and derivatives.
138 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
The following table presents the changes in fair value of financial assets and liabilities in Level 3. These instruments are measured at fair value
utilizing non-observable market inputs. We often hedge positions with offsetting positions that may be classified in a different level. As a result, the
gains and losses for assets and liabilities in the Level 3 category presented in the table below do not reflect the effect of offsetting gains and losses
on the related hedging instruments that are classified in Level 1 and Level 2.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2023
Debt securities mandatorily measured and
designated at FVTPL
Corporate debt
Mortgage- and asset-backed
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL
Business and government
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at
FVTPL and designated at FVOCI
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
Foreign exchange
Credit
Equity
Total assets
Deposits and other liabilities
Derivative instruments
(5)
Interest rate
Credit
Equity
Total liabilities
2022
Debt securities mandatorily measured and
designated at FVTPL
Corporate debt
Mortgage- and asset-backed
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL
Business and government
Corporate equity mandatorily measured at
FVTPL and designated at FVOCI
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
Credit
Equity
Total assets
Deposits and other liabilities (5)
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
Credit
Equity
Total liabilities
Net gains (losses)
included in income (1)
Opening
balance Realized (2) Unrealized
(2)
(3)
Net
gains (losses)
included in OCI (4)
Transfer
in to
Level 3
Transfer
out of
Level 3
Purchases/
Issuances
Sales/
Settlements
Closing
balance
–
–
(2)
16
–
–
–
–
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
59
(21)
–
–
–
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2
207
687
459
18
–
45
4
1,422
$
–
–
–
6
–
–
(3)
1
4
(409) $ (40)
(1,533)
(50)
(3)
–
3
–
–
–
6
53
–
24
5
–
88
85
(728)
(5)
(1)
$
(1,995) $
(37)
$
(649)
$
$
2
55
1,038
–
–
–
396
11
35
49
13
1,588
$
–
(8)
1
4
(742) $ (68)
$
$
$
$
$
–
–
(15)
53
(46)
4
(2)
(6)
58
(136)
(54)
(77)
–
8
4
(1,288)
(4)
(15)
$
(1,009) $
(56)
$
(1,249)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
4
$
$
$
$
–
–
–
–
(10)
(24)
–
(2)
$
–
159
$
(2) $
(215)
–
(547)
213
(160)
12
–
–
5
1
–
(1)
(8)
–
151
144
587
21
–
46
4
$
(36)
$
389
(2) $
1
$ (129)
$
$
(932) $
953
252 $
(242)
–
–
(5)
407
–
6
(11)
–
(3)
48
–
1
(1,817)
(52)
(5)
$
(7) $ 414
$
(143)
$
301 $
(2,116)
$
–
–
–
–
27
–
12
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
(21)
$
–
205
58
102
1
–
3
$
– $
(53)
(453)
(82)
1
–
(2)
2
207
687
459
18
45
4
38
$ 39
$
(21)
$
369
$
(589) $
1,422
–
–
–
–
–
$
–
$
3
$ (131)
$
471
$
(409)
–
–
(1)
$
(1) $
11
–
75
89
(95)
–
(5)
(25)
–
16
(1,533)
(50)
(3)
$
(231)
$
462 $
(1,995)
(1) Cumulative AOCI gains or losses related to equity securities designated at FVOCI are reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings at the time of disposal or derecognition.
(2) Includes foreign currency gains and losses related to debt securities measured at FVOCI.
(3) Comprises unrealized gains and losses relating to these assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting year.
(4) Foreign exchange translation on loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL held by foreign operations and denominated in the same currency as the foreign operations is
included in OCI.
(5) Includes deposits designated at FVTPL of $115 million (2022: $70 million), net bifurcated embedded derivative liabilities of $111 million (2022: net bifurcated embedded
derivative liabilities of $317 million) and other liabilities designated at FVTPL of $14 million (2022: $22 million).
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 139
Consolidated financial statements
Quantitative information about significant non-observable inputs
Valuation techniques using one or more non-observable inputs are used for a number of financial instruments. The following table discloses the
valuation techniques and quantitative information about the significant non-observable inputs used in Level 3 financial instruments:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
Valuation techniques
Key non-observable inputs
Low
High
Range of inputs
Securities mandatorily measured and
designated at FVTPL
Mortgage- and asset-backed
$
151
Credit spread
Market proxy or direct broker quote Market proxy or direct broker quote
Discounted cash flow
6.6 %
0.5 %
7.2 %
0.5 %
Corporate equity mandatorily measured
at FVTPL and designated at FVOCI
Limited partnerships and private
companies
587
Adjusted net asset value (1)
Valuation multiple
Proxy share price
Net asset value
(2)
Earnings multiple
Proxy share price
n/a
9.8 x
n/a
n/a
16.3 x
n/a
Loans mandatorily measured at FVTPL
Business and government
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
144
21
Discounted cash flow
Credit spread
2.1 %
2.1 %
Proprietary model (3)
Option model
n/a
Market volatility
Probability assumption
n/a
57.2 %
100.0 %
34.3 %
41.8 %
n/a
143.3 %
100.0 %
34.3 %
96.3 %
Credit
Equity
Total assets
46 Market proxy or direct broker quote Market proxy or direct broker quote
4
$
953
Option model
Market correlation
Deposits and other liabilities
Deposits designated at FVTPL and
net bifurcated embedded derivative
liabilities
$
(226)
Other liabilities designated at FVTPL
(16)
Option model
Option model
Market volatility
Market correlation
Funding ratio
15.1 %
(100.0)%
34.5 %
19.1 %
100.0 %
34.5 %
Derivative instruments
Interest rate
Credit
Equity
Total liabilities
(1,817)
Proprietary model (3)
Option model
n/a
Market volatility
Probability assumption
(52) Market proxy or direct broker quote Market proxy or direct broker quote
(5)
$
(2,116)
Option model
Market correlation
n/a
57.2 %
100.0 %
34.3 %
36.8 %
n/a
143.3 %
100.0 %
34.3 %
98.4 %
(1) Adjusted net asset value is determined using reported net asset values obtained from the fund manager or general partner of the limited partnership or the limited liability
company and may be adjusted for current market levels where appropriate.
(2) The range of net asset value price or proxy share price has not been disclosed due to the wide range and diverse nature of the investments.
(3) Using valuation techniques that we consider to be non-observable.
n/a Not applicable.
Sensitivity of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
The following section describes the significant non-observable inputs identified in the table above, the interrelationships between those inputs,
where applicable, and the change in fair value if changing one or more of the non-observable inputs within a reasonably possible range would
impact the fair value significantly.
The fair value of our limited partnerships is determined based on the net asset value provided by the fund managers, adjusted as appropriate.
The fair value of limited partnerships is sensitive to changes in the net asset value, and by adjusting the net asset value within a reasonably possible
range, the aggregate fair value of our limited partnerships would increase or decrease by $138 million (2022: $109 million).
While our standalone derivatives are recorded as derivative assets or derivative liabilities, our derivatives embedded in our structured note
deposit liabilities or deposit liabilities designated at FVTPL are recorded within deposits and other liabilities. The determination of the fair value of
certain Level 3 embedded derivatives and certain standalone derivatives requires significant assumptions and judgment to be applied to both the
inputs and the valuation techniques employed. These derivatives are sensitive to long-dated market volatility and correlation inputs, which we
consider to be non-observable. Market volatility is a measure of the anticipated future variability of a market price and is an important input for
pricing options, which are inherent in many of our Level 3 derivatives. A higher market volatility generally results in a higher option price, with all else
held constant, due to the higher probability of obtaining a greater return from the option, and results in an increase in the fair value of our Level 3
derivatives. Correlation inputs are used to value those derivatives where the payout is dependent upon more than one market price. For example,
the payout of an equity basket option is based upon the performance of a basket of stocks, and the interrelationships between the price movements
of those stocks. A positive correlation implies that two inputs tend to change the fair value in the same direction, while a negative correlation implies
that two inputs tend to change the fair value in the opposite direction. Changes in market correlation could result in an increase or a decrease in the
fair value of our Level 3 derivatives and embedded derivatives. By adjusting the non-observable inputs by reasonably alternative amounts, the fair
value of our net Level 3 standalone derivatives and embedded derivatives would increase by $105 million or decrease by $99 million (2022:
increase by $128 million or decrease by $127 million).
For certain interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives, the probability of early termination was a significant Level 3 valuation input. By
increasing the probability of early termination by 10%, the fair value of those derivatives in an asset position would decrease by less than $1 million,
while the fair value of those derivatives in a liability position would decrease by up to $53 million.
140 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Financial instruments designated at FVTPL
Financial assets designated at FVTPL include certain debt securities and loans that were designated at FVTPL on the basis of being managed
together with derivatives to eliminate or significantly reduce financial risks.
Deposits and other liabilities designated at FVTPL include:
Certain business and government deposit liabilities, certain secured borrowings and certain obligations related to securities sold under
repurchase agreements that are economically hedged with derivatives and other financial instruments, and certain financial liabilities that have
one or more embedded derivatives that significantly modify the cash flows of the host liability but are not bifurcated from the host instrument; and
Our mortgage commitments to retail clients to provide mortgages at fixed rates that are economically hedged with derivatives and other
financial instruments.
The carrying value of our securities designated at FVTPL represents our maximum exposure to credit risk related to these assets designated at
FVTPL. The change in fair value attributable to change in credit risk of these assets designated at FVTPL during the year is insignificant (2022:
insignificant). The fair value of a liability designated at FVTPL reflects the credit risk relating to that liability. For those liabilities designated at FVTPL
for which we believe changes in our credit risk would impact the fair value from the note holders’ perspective, the related fair value changes were
recognized in OCI. Changes in fair value attributable to changes in our own credit are measured as the difference between: (i) the period-over-
period change in the present value of the expected cash flows using a discount curve adjusted for our own credit; and (ii) the period-over-period
change in the present value of the same expected cash flows using a discount curve based on the benchmark curve adjusted for our own credit as
implied at inception of the liability designated at FVTPL. The pre-tax impact of changes in CIBC’s own credit risk on our liabilities designated at
FVTPL was losses of $144 million for the year and gains of $211 million cumulatively (2022: gains of $355 million for the year and gains of
$316 million cumulatively). A net loss of $10 million, net of hedges (2022: a net gain of $81 million), was realized for assets designated at FVTPL and
liabilities designated at FVTPL, which is included in the consolidated statement of income under Gains (losses) from financial instruments measured/
designated at FVTPL, net.
The estimated contractual amount payable at maturity of deposits designated at FVTPL, which is based on the par value and the intrinsic value
of the applicable embedded derivatives, is $4,332 million higher (2022: $3,576 million higher) than its fair value. The intrinsic value of the embedded
derivatives reflects the structured payoff of certain FVO deposit liabilities, which we hedge economically with derivatives and other FVTPL financial
instruments.
Note 3
Significant transactions
2023
Sale of certain banking assets in the Caribbean
On October 12, 2021, FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited (CIBC FirstCaribbean) announced that it had entered into agreements to sell its
banking assets in Aruba, St. Vincent, St. Kitts, Grenada and Dominica. The sales of banking assets in Aruba, St. Vincent and Grenada were
completed in February 2022, March 2023 and July 2023, respectively. The proposed transactions in St. Kitts and Dominica did not proceed and
CIBC FirstCaribbean ceased its operations in Dominica on January 31, 2023. The impacts of these transactions and closures were not material.
On October 31, 2023, CIBC FirstCaribbean announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its banking assets in Curaçao and Sint
Maarten. The transactions are subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions, which are expected to be finalized in fiscal 2024. The
impacts upon closing are not expected to be material.
2022
Acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio
On March 4, 2022, we completed the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio, which had an outstanding balance of $2.9 billion, for
cash consideration of $3.1 billion. We have also entered into a long-term agreement under which we have become the exclusive issuer of Costco-
branded MasterCard credit cards in Canada. The combined transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition and included in our Canadian
Personal and Business Banking SBU. On the acquisition date, we recognized credit card receivables at their fair value of $2.8 billion and an intangible
asset for the purchased credit card relationships. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we finalized the purchase consideration and recognized a
reduction in the intangible asset to its fair value of $236 million.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 141
Consolidated financial statements
Note 4
Securities
Securities
$ millions, as at October 31
Securities measured and designated at FVOCI
Securities measured at amortized cost
Securities mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL
(1)
2023
2022
$
61,331
67,294
82,723
$ 211,348
$
56,099
52,484
67,296
$ 175,879
(1) During the year, less than $1 million of amortized cost debt securities were disposed of, generally shortly before their maturity, resulting in a realized gain of nil (2022: a
realized gain of less than $1 million).
$ millions, as at October 31
Within 1 year
1 to 5 years
5 to 10 years
Over 10 years
Residual term to contractual maturity
Carrying
value
Yield
(1)
Carrying
value
Yield
(1)
Carrying
value
Yield
(1)
Carrying
value
Yield
(1)
No specific
maturity
2023
Total
2022
Total
Carrying
value
Yield
(1)
Carrying
value
Yield (1)
Carrying
value
Yield
(1)
Debt securities measured at FVOCI
Securities issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government
Other Canadian governments
U.S. Treasury and agencies
Other foreign governments
Mortgage-backed securities
(2)
Asset-backed securities
Corporate debt
Securities measured at amortized cost
Securities issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government
Other Canadian governments
U.S. Treasury and agencies
Other foreign governments
Mortgage-backed securities (3)
Asset-backed securities
Corporate debt
Securities mandatorily measured and
designated at FVTPL
Securities issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government
Other Canadian governments
U.S. Treasury and agencies
Other foreign governments
Mortgage-backed securities
(4)
Asset-backed securities
Corporate debt
Corporate equity mandatorily measured
at FVTPL and designated at
$ 1,557
114
3,995
2,863
99
161
591
$ 9,380
5.1 % $ 8,156 4.7 % $ 1,184 4.3 % $
5.4
3.7
3.9
5.4
5.6
2.7
11,573 4.2
118 1.5
120 5.5
322 2.9
69 7.9
542 5.4
1,580 4.1
18,051 3.7
2,625 5.5
100 4.0
–
–
5,513 5.3
–
– % $
–
218 3.4
–
31 6.2
457 5.6
708 6.9
12 4.1
$ 36,025
$ 13,928
$ 1,426
$
$
642
1,283
4,200
127
275
421
447
1.3 % $ 1,787 2.3 % $
4.4
3.3
0.5
3.3
5.1
5.3
9,338 3.8
25,011 1.9
787 3.3
3,576 3.9
134 5.0
3,304 2.9
812 4.7 % $
–
– % $
9,278 4.8
3,061 3.6
462 1.5
1,051 2.3
360 5.2
67 4.4
–
230 4.8
–
154 2.6
384 2.9
103 8.1
–
–
$ 7,395
$ 43,937
$ 15,091
$
871
$ 4,766
1,303
1,037
3,085
398
148
1,360
$ 12,097
$ 3,445
1,048
3,753
1,231
2,301
158
1,986
$ 13,922
$ 1,355
885
909
31
199
–
801
$ 4,180
$ 1,736
4,392
346
–
–
3
308
$ 6,785
$
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
– % $ 10,897 4.7 % $ 10,639 3.6 %
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,485 4.2
22,164 3.7
5,639 4.7
978 4.5
938 6.8
6,658 5.1
17,452 3.6
11,959 1.7
7,038 2.8
1,163 3.3
359 5.5
6,967 3.2
$ 60,759
$ 55,577
$
– %
–
–
–
–
–
–
3,241
2.7 % $
20,129 4.3
32,272 2.3
1,530 2.5
5,286 3.5
1,018 5.4
3,818 3.2
%
2,212 1.8
14,472 3.5
26,851 1.5
1,181 1.7
3,637 1.9
490 4.4
3,641 2.7
$ 67,294
$ 52,484
$ 11,302
7,628
6,045
4,347
2,898
309
4,455
$ 36,984
$ 10,822
8,634
5,206
3,488
2,878
985
3,611
$ 35,624
FVOCI
$
–
– % $
–
– % $
–
– % $
–
– %
$ 46,311 n/m $ 46,311 n/m
$ 32,194 n/m
Total securities
(5)
$ 28,872
$ 93,884
$ 33,199
$ 9,082
$ 46,311
$ 211,348
$ 175,879
(1) Represents the weighted-average yield, which is determined by applying the weighted average of the yields of individual fixed income securities.
(2) Includes securities backed by mortgages insured by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), with amortized cost of $220 million (2022: $192 million) and fair
value of $220 million (2022: $193 million); securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), with amortized cost of $356 million (2022: $439 million)
and fair value of $334 million (2022: $416 million); securities issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), with amortized cost of $134 million
(2022: $190 million) and fair value of $124 million (2022: $180 million); and securities issued by Government National Mortgage Association, a U.S. government corporation
(Ginnie Mae), with amortized cost of $311 million (2022: $381 million) and fair value of $300 million (2022: $374 million).
(3) Includes securities backed by mortgages insured by the CMHC, with amortized cost of $2,342 million (2022: $225 million) and fair value of $2,309 million (2022: $225 million);
securities issued by Fannie Mae, with amortized cost of $621 million (2022: $806 million) and fair value of $571 million (2022: $743 million); securities issued by Freddie Mac,
with amortized cost of $1,667 million (2022: $1,962 million) and fair value of $1,501 million (2022: $1,777 million); and securities issued by Ginnie Mae, with amortized cost of
$51 million (2022: $57 million) and fair value of $45 million (2022: $52 million).
(4) Includes securities backed by mortgages insured by the CMHC of $2,898 million (2022: $2,877 million).
(5) Includes securities denominated in U.S. dollars with carrying value of $110.9 billion (2022: $83.2 billion) and securities denominated in other foreign currencies with
carrying value of $10,106 million (2022: $8,851 million).
n/m Not meaningful.
142 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Fair value of debt securities measured and equity securities designated at FVOCI
$ millions, as at October 31
Securities issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government
Other Canadian governments
U.S. Treasury and agencies
Other foreign governments
Mortgage-backed securities
Asset-backed securities
Corporate debt
Corporate equity
(2)
Cost/
Amortized
cost (1)
Gross
unrealized
gains
Gross
unrealized
losses
2023
Fair
value
Cost/
Amortized
cost
(1)
Gross
unrealized
gains
Gross
unrealized
losses
2022
Fair
value
$ 10,890
13,526
22,383
5,632
1,021
944
6,691
61,087
556
$ 61,643
$
$
16
33
4
21
–
–
1
75
48
123
$
(9) $ 10,897
(74)
(223)
(14)
(43)
(6)
(34)
(403)
(32)
13,485
22,164
5,639
978
938
6,658
60,759
572
$
(435) $ 61,331
$ 10,646
17,494
12,305
7,048
1,202
375
7,023
56,093
525
$ 56,618
$
10
32
5
21
1
–
–
69
31
$ 100
$
$
(17) $ 10,639
17,452
(74)
11,959
(351)
7,038
(31)
1,163
(40)
359
(16)
6,967
(56)
55,577
(585)
522
(34)
(619) $ 56,099
(1) Net of allowance for credit losses for debt securities measured at FVOCI of $22 million (2022: $24 million).
(2) Includes restricted stock.
Fair value of equity securities designated at FVOCI that were disposed of during the year was $10 million (2022: $104 million) at the time of disposal.
Net realized cumulative after-tax gains of nil for the year (2022: $45 million) were reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings, resulting from
dispositions of equity securities designated at FVOCI and return on capital distributions from limited partnerships designated at FVOCI.
Dividend income recognized on equity securities designated at FVOCI that were still held as at October 31, 2023 was $3 million (2022:
$7 million). Dividend income recognized on equity securities designated at FVOCI that were disposed of during the year was nil (2022: nil).
The table below presents profit or loss recognized on FVOCI debt securities:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Realized gains
Realized losses
(Provision for) reversal of credit losses on debt securities
2023
$ 114
(24)
2
92
$
2022
$ 57
(23)
(2)
$ 32
Allowance for credit losses
The following table provides a reconciliation of the opening balance to the closing balance of the ECL allowance for debt securities measured at FVOCI
and amortized cost:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
2023 Debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost
Balance at beginning of year
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Write-offs
Foreign exchange and other
(2)
Balance at end of year
Comprises:
Debt securities measured at FVOCI
Debt securities measured at amortized cost
2022 Debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost (3)
Balance at beginning of year
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Write-offs
Foreign exchange and other
(2)
Balance at end of year
Comprises:
Debt securities measured at FVOCI
Debt securities measured at amortized cost
Stage 1
Stage 2
Collective provision
12-month ECL
performing
Collective provision
lifetime ECL
performing
Stage 3
Collective and
individual provision
lifetime ECL
credit-impaired (1)
$
$
$
$
$
$
7
2
–
(1)
8
2
6
6
–
–
1
7
4
3
$
$
$
$
$
$
20
–
–
–
20
20
–
15
2
–
3
20
20
–
$
$
$
$
$
$
12
1
–
1
14
–
14
13
(3)
–
2
12
–
12
Total
$
$
$
$
$
$
39
3
–
–
42
22
20
34
(1)
–
6
39
24
15
(1) Includes stage 3 ECL allowance on originated credit-impaired amortized cost debt securities.
(2) Included in Gains (losses) from debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, net on our consolidated statement of income.
(3) Certain information has been revised to conform to the current year presentation.
Note 5
Loans (2)
(1)
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
2022
Gross
amount
Stage 3
allowance
Stages 1
and 2
allowance
Total
allowance
(3)
Allowances
as a % of
gross loans
Net
total
Gross
amount
Stage 3
allowance
Stages 1
and 2
allowance
Total
allowance
(3)
Allowances
as a % of
gross loans
Net
total
Residential mortgages
(4)
Personal
Credit card
Business and government (4)
$ 274,244 $
45,587
18,538
194,870
224 $
181
–
667
232 $
836
685
1,077
456 $ 273,788
44,570
17,853
193,126
1,017
685
1,744
0.2 %
2.2
3.7
0.9
$ 269,706
45,429
16,479
188,542
$ 167 $
146
–
351
126 $
756
784
743
293 $ 269,413
902
44,527
15,695
784
187,448
1,094
$ 533,239 $ 1,072 $ 2,830 $ 3,902 $ 529,337
0.7 % $ 520,156
$ 664 $ 2,409 $ 3,073 $ 517,083
0.1 %
2.0
4.8
0.6
0.6 %
(1) Loans are net of unearned income of $706 million (2022: $689 million).
(2) Includes gross loans of $112.6 billion (2022: $111.8 billion) denominated in U.S. dollars and $10.5 billion (2022: $9.8 billion) denominated in other foreign currencies.
(3) Includes ECL allowances for customers’ liability under acceptances.
(4) Includes $3 million of residential mortgages (2022: $4 million) and $270 million of business and government loans (2022: $963 million) that are measured and designated
at FVTPL.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 143
Consolidated financial statements
Allowance for credit losses
The following table provides a reconciliation of the opening balance to the closing balance of the ECL allowance:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
Stage 1
Stage 2
Collective provision
12-month ECL
performing
Collective provision
lifetime ECL
performing
Stage 3
Collective and
individual provision
lifetime ECL
credit-impaired
Residential mortgages
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement
Transfers
(1)
(1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
(2)
Balance at end of year
Personal
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement
Transfers
(1)
(1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
(2)
Balance at end of year
Credit card
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement
Transfers (1)
(1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
(2)
Balance at end of year
Business and government
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement
Transfers
(1)
(4)
(1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
(2)
Balance at end of year
Total ECL allowance
(5)
Comprises:
Loans
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures
(6)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
57
13
4
(62)
97
(18)
–
34
–
–
–
(1)
90
137
43
(1)
(421)
468
(53)
–
36
–
–
–
1
174
159
18
–
(493)
553
(56)
–
22
–
–
–
–
181
335
21
(2)
(230)
205
(36)
–
(42)
–
–
–
1
294
739
650
89
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
69
(9)
5
159
(96)
22
(7)
74
–
–
–
(1)
142
656
(62)
–
591
(465)
63
(73)
54
–
–
–
(1)
709
709
(76)
–
684
(553)
56
(229)
(118)
–
–
–
–
591
490
(19)
11
583
(199)
52
(72)
356
–
–
–
18
864
2,306
2,180
126
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
167
(32)
12
122
(1)
(4)
7
104
(33)
5
(17)
(2)
224
146
(31)
–
373
(3)
(10)
73
402
(428)
65
(5)
1
181
–
–
–
223
–
–
229
452
(572)
120
–
–
–
351
(33)
–
619
(6)
(16)
72
636
(316)
23
(47)
20
667
1,072
1,072
–
2023
Total
293
(28)
21
219
–
–
–
212
(33)
5
(17)
(4)
456
939
(50)
(1)
543
–
–
–
492
(428)
65
(5)
1
1,064
868
(58)
–
414
–
–
–
356
(572)
120
–
–
772
1,176
(31)
9
972
–
–
–
950
(316)
23
(47)
39
1,825
4,117
3,902
215
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(1) Transfers represent stage movements of prior year ECL allowances to the current year stage classification. Net remeasurement represents the current year change in ECL
allowances for transfers, net write-offs, changes in forecasts of forward-looking information, parameter updates, and partial repayments in the year.
(2) Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for loans, and undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures is presented as Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
on our consolidated statement of income.
(3) We generally continue to pursue collection on the amounts that were written off. The degree of collection efforts varies from one jurisdiction to another, depending on the
local regulations and original agreements with customers.
(4) Includes the impact of a change in the internal risk rating methodology applied in the first quarter of 2023 at CIBC Bank USA.
(5) See Note 4 for the ECL allowance on debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost. The ECL allowances for other financial assets classified at amortized cost
were immaterial as at October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 and were excluded from the table above. Financial assets other than loans that are classified at amortized
cost are presented on our consolidated balance sheet net of ECL allowances.
(6) Included in Other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.
(7) Includes ECL allowances of $63 million recognized immediately after the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio on March 4, 2022.
144 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
Residential mortgages
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement (1)
Transfers (1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2)
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of year
Personal
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement (1)
Transfers (1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2)
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of year
Credit card
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions (7)
Changes in model
Net remeasurement (1)
Transfers
(1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2)
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of year
Business and government
Balance at beginning of year
Originations net of repayments and other derecognitions
Changes in model
Net remeasurement (1)
Transfers
(1)
– to 12-month ECL
– to lifetime ECL performing
– to lifetime ECL credit-impaired
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (2)
Write-offs
(3)
Recoveries
Interest income on impaired loans
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of year
Total ECL allowance (5)
Comprises:
Loans
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures (6)
See previous page for footnote references.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Collective provision
12-month ECL
performing
Collective provision
lifetime ECL
performing
Stage 3
Collective and
individual provision
lifetime ECL
credit-impaired
$
$
$
59
17
(4)
(89)
82
(9)
(1)
(4)
–
–
–
2
57
150
37
1
(349)
336
(40)
–
(15)
–
–
–
2
$
137
$
136
76
–
(437)
436
(52)
–
23
–
–
–
–
$
159
$
$
$
$
277
41
30
(95)
98
(34)
(1)
39
–
–
–
19
335
688
600
88
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
63
(7)
(1)
85
(77)
16
(12)
4
–
–
–
2
69
547
(55)
19
500
(333)
52
(75)
108
–
–
–
1
656
517
(38)
–
747
(436)
52
(133)
192
–
–
–
–
709
449
(12)
(4)
89
(91)
38
(7)
13
–
–
–
28
$
$
$
490
1,924
1,809
115
$
$
$
2022
Total
280
(15)
(5)
81
–
–
–
61
(47)
2
(16)
13
293
803
(32)
20
346
–
–
–
334
(274)
69
(4)
11
$
158
(25)
–
85
(5)
(7)
13
61
(47)
2
(16)
9
$
167
$
106
(14)
–
195
(3)
(12)
75
241
(274)
69
(4)
8
$
146
$
939
$
$
$
$
$
$
–
–
–
150
–
–
133
283
(397)
114
–
–
–
508
(34)
–
149
(7)
(4)
8
112
(312)
33
(15)
25
351
664
664
–
$
653
38
–
460
–
–
–
498
(397)
114
–
–
$
868
$
1,234
(5)
26
143
–
–
–
164
(312)
33
(15)
72
1,176
3,276
3,073
203
$
$
$
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 145
Consolidated financial statements
Impact of acquisition of Canadian Costco credit card portfolio
No ECL allowance was recognized in the purchase equation on the acquisition date for the acquired Canadian Costco credit card portfolio as the
purchased loans were initially measured at their acquisition date fair values. Instead, immediately after the acquisition date, ECL allowances were
established in the Provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income based on classifying each acquired credit card receivable in
stage 1, since the acquisition date is established as the initial recognition date of purchased performing loans for the purpose of assessing whether
a SICR has occurred. On the date of acquisition, none of the acquired credit card receivables were considered to be impaired. Subsequent to the
acquisition date, ECL allowances are estimated in a manner consistent with our SICR and impairment policies that we apply to loans that we
originate. See Note 3 for further details on the acquisition of the Canadian Costco credit card portfolio.
Inputs, assumptions and model techniques
Our ECL allowances are estimated using complex models that incorporate inputs, assumptions and model techniques that involve a high degree of
management judgment. In particular, the following ECL elements are subject to a high level of judgment that can have a significant impact on the
level of ECL allowances provided:
Determining when a SICR of a loan has occurred;
Measuring both 12-month and lifetime credit losses; and
Forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of the scenarios driven by the
changes in the macroeconomic environment.
In addition, the interrelationship between these elements is also subject to a high degree of judgment which can also have a significant impact on
the level of ECL recognized.
We continue to operate in an uncertain macroeconomic environment. There is inherent uncertainty in estimating the impact that higher levels of
interest rates, the easing of inflationary pressures, events in the U.S. banking sector and geopolitical events will have on the macroeconomic
environment. As a result, a heightened level of judgment in estimating ECLs in respect of all these elements, as discussed below, continued to be
required.
Determining when a significant increase in credit risk has occurred
The determination of whether a loan has experienced a SICR has a significant impact on the level of ECL allowance as loans that are in stage 1 are
measured at 12-month ECL, while loans in stage 2 are measured at lifetime ECL. Migration of loans between stage 1 and stage 2 can cause
significant volatility in the amount of the recognized ECL allowances and the provision for credit losses in a particular period.
For the majority of our retail loan portfolios, we determine a SICR based on relative changes in the loan’s lifetime PD since its initial recognition. The PDs
used for this purpose are the expected value of our upside, downside and base case lifetime PDs. Significant judgment is involved in determining the upside,
downside and base case lifetime PDs through the incorporation of forward-looking information into long-run PDs, in determining the probability weightings of
the scenarios, and in determining the relative changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR for our various retail products. Increases in the expected PDs or
decreases in the thresholds for changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR can cause significant migration of loans from stage 1 to stage 2, which in turn
can cause a significant increase in the amount of ECL allowances recognized. In contrast, decreases in the expected PDs or increases in the thresholds for
changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR can cause significant migration of loans from stage 2 to stage 1.
For the majority of our business and government loan portfolios, we determine a SICR based on relative changes in internal risk ratings since initial
recognition. Significant judgment is involved in the determination of the internal risk ratings. Deterioration or improvement in the risk ratings or adjustments to
the risk rating downgrade thresholds used to determine a SICR can cause significant migration of loans and securities between stage 1 and stage 2, which in
turn can have a significant impact on the amount of ECL allowances recognized.
While potentially significant to the level of ECL allowances recognized, the thresholds for changes in PDs that are indicative of a SICR for our retail
portfolios and the risk rating downgrade thresholds used to determine a SICR for our business and government loan portfolios are not expected to change
frequently.
All loans on which repayment of principal or payment of interest is contractually 30 days in arrears and all business and government loans that have
migrated to the watch list risk rating are normally automatically migrated to stage 2 from stage 1.
As at October 31, 2023, if the ECL for the stage 2 performing loans were measured using stage 1 ECL as opposed to lifetime ECL, the ECLs would be
$724 million lower than the total recognized IFRS 9 ECL on performing loans (2022: $1,110 million).
Measuring both 12-month and lifetime expected credit losses
Our ECL models leverage the data, systems and processes that are used to calculate Basel expected loss regulatory adjustments for the portion of
our retail and business and government portfolios under the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach. Significant judgment is applied in leveraging the
data and modelling techniques used to calculate Basel risk parameters to meet IFRS 9 requirements, including the conversion of through-the-cycle
estimates to the point-in-time parameters used under IFRS 9 that consider forward-looking information. For standardized business and government
portfolios, available long-run PDs, LGDs and EADs are also converted to point-in-time parameters through the incorporation of forward-looking
information for the purpose of measuring ECL under IFRS 9.
Significant judgment is involved in determining which forward-looking information variables are relevant for particular portfolios and in determining
the extent by which through-the-cycle parameters should be adjusted for forward-looking information to determine point-in-time parameters. While
changes in the set of forward-looking information variables used to convert through-the-cycle PDs, LGDs and EADs into point-in-time parameters can
either increase or decrease ECL allowances in a particular period, changes to the mapping of forward-looking information variables to particular portfolios
are expected to be infrequent. However, changes in the particular forward-looking information parameters used to quantify point-in-time parameters will
be frequent as our forecasts are updated on a quarterly basis. Increases in the level of pessimism in the forward-looking information variables will cause
increases in ECL, while increases in the level of optimism in the forward-looking information variables will cause decreases in ECL. These increases and
decreases could be significant in any particular period and will start to occur in the period where our outlook of the future changes.
With respect to the lifetime of a financial instrument, the maximum period considered when measuring ECL is the maximum contractual period over
which we are exposed to credit risk. For revolving facilities, such as credit cards, the lifetime of a credit card account is the expected behavioural life.
Significant judgment is involved in the estimate of the expected behavioural life. Increases in the expected behavioural life will increase the amount of
ECL allowances, in particular for revolving loans in stage 2.
146 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of the scenarios
As indicated above, forward-looking information is incorporated into both our assessment of whether a financial asset has experienced a SICR since
its initial recognition and in our estimate of ECL. From analysis of historical data, our risk management function has identified and reflected in our
ECL allowance those relevant forward-looking information variables that contribute to credit risk and losses within our retail and business and
government loan portfolios. Within our retail loan portfolio, key forward-looking information variables include Canadian unemployment rates, housing
prices, gross domestic product (GDP) growth and household debt service ratios. In many cases these variables are forecasted at the provincial
level. Housing prices are also forecasted at the municipal level in some cases. Within our business and government loan portfolio, key drivers that
impact the credit performance of the entire portfolio include Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 growth rates, business credit growth rates, unemployment
rates and credit spreads, while forward-looking information variables such as commodity prices and mining activity are significant for certain
portfolios, and U.S. unemployment rates and U.S. GDP growth are significant for our U.S. portfolios.
For the majority of our loan portfolios, our forecast of forward-looking information variables is established from a “base case” or most likely
scenario that is used internally by management for planning and forecasting purposes. For most of the forward-looking information variables related
to our Canadian businesses, we have forecast scenarios by province. In forming the base case scenario, we consider the forecasts of international
organizations and monetary authorities such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund,
and the Bank of Canada, as well as private sector economists. We then derive reasonably possible “upside case” and “downside case” scenarios
using external forecasts that are above and below our base case and the application of management judgment. A probability weighting is assigned
to our base case, upside case and downside case scenarios based on management judgment.
The forecasting process is overseen by a governance committee consisting of internal stakeholders from across our bank including Risk
Management, Economics, Finance and the impacted SBUs and involves a significant amount of judgment both in determining the forward-looking
information forecasts for our various scenarios and in determining the probability weighting assigned to the scenarios. In general, a worsening of our
outlook on forecasted forward-looking information for each scenario, an increase in the probability of the downside case scenario occurring, or a
decrease in the probability of the upside case scenario occurring will increase the number of loans migrating from stage 1 to stage 2 and increase
the estimated ECL allowance. In contrast, an improvement in our outlook on forecasted forward-looking information, an increase in the probability of
the upside case scenario occurring, or a decrease in the probability of the downside case scenario occurring will have the opposite impact. It is not
possible to meaningfully isolate the impact of changes in the various forward-looking information variables for a particular scenario because of both
the interrelationship between the variables and the interrelationship between the level of pessimism inherent in a particular scenario and its
probability of occurring.
The forecasting of forward-looking information and the determination of scenario weightings continued to require a heightened application of
judgment in a number of areas as our forecast reflects numerous assumptions and uncertainties inherent in the current macroeconomic
environment.
The following table provides the base case, upside case and downside case scenario forecasts for select forward-looking information
variables used to estimate our ECL.
As at October 31, 2023
Real GDP year-over-year growth
Canada (2)
United States
Unemployment rate
(2)
Canada
United States
Canadian Housing Price Index growth
S&P 500 Index growth rate
Canadian household debt service ratio
West Texas Intermediate Oil Price (US$)
(2)
Base case
Upside case
Downside case
Average
value over
the next
12 months
Average
value over
the remaining
forecast period (1)
Average
value over
the next
12 months
Average
value over
the remaining
(1)
forecast period
Average
value over
the next
12 months
Average
value over
the remaining
forecast period
(1)
0.6 %
0.9 %
6.1 %
4.1 %
0.8 %
5.5 %
15.5 %
84
$
1.9 %
1.7 %
5.8 %
4.0 %
3.0 %
5.9 %
14.8 %
76
$
2.0 %
3.0 %
5.3 %
3.2 %
4.4 %
12.5 %
14.9 %
97
$
2.7 %
3.1 %
5.4 %
3.2 %
5.4 %
11.1 %
14.5 %
110
$
(0.7)%
(0.8)%
7.1 %
5.4 %
(7.8)%
(2.5)%
16.1 %
70
$
1.3 %
0.9 %
6.9 %
4.9 %
0.4 %
(0.5)%
15.0 %
58
$
(1) The remaining forecast period is generally four years.
(2) National-level forward-looking forecasts are presented in the table above, which represent the aggregation of the provincial-level forecasts used to estimate our ECL.
Housing Price Index growth rates are also forecasted at the municipal level in some cases. As a result, the forecasts for individual provinces or municipalities reflected in
our ECL will differ from the national forecasts presented above.
As at October 31, 2022
Real GDP year-over-year growth
Canada (2)
United States
Unemployment rate
Canada (2)
United States
Canadian Housing Price Index growth (2)
S&P 500 Index growth rate
Canadian household debt service ratio
West Texas Intermediate Oil Price (US$)
See above for footnote references.
Base case
Upside case
Downside case
Average
value over
the next
12 months
Average
value over
the remaining
forecast period (1)
Average
value over
the next
12 months
Average
value over
the remaining
forecast period
(1)
Average
value over
the next
12 months
Average
value over
the remaining
(1)
forecast period
0.8 %
0.7 %
5.5 %
4.0 %
(2.5)%
(1.4)%
15.5 %
92
$
1.5 %
1.3 %
5.9 %
4.2 %
1.9 %
6.0 %
15.1 %
81
$
3.9 %
2.9 %
4.9 %
3.3 %
10.1 %
6.3 %
14.4 %
119
$
2.8 %
3.0 %
5.6 %
3.3 %
6.6 %
12.1 %
14.5 %
107
$
(0.6)%
(2.1)%
6.0 %
5.6 %
(13.1)%
(13.4)%
15.9 %
76
$
1.0 %
0.4 %
6.8 %
5.1 %
(5.2)%
(1.3)%
15.2 %
56
$
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 147
Consolidated financial statements
As required, the forward-looking information used to estimate ECLs reflects our expectations as at October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022,
respectively, and does not reflect changes in expectation as a result of economic forecasts that may have subsequently emerged. The base case,
upside case and downside case amounts shown represent the average value of the forecasts over the respective projection horizons. Our
underlying base case projection as at October 31, 2023 is characterized by relatively weak real GDP growth in both Canada and the U.S. due to the
higher interest rates imposed by central banks in an attempt to ease demand and bring inflation back to target levels, and a modest increase in
unemployment rates in calendar 2024. Our base case continues to assume that interest rates will stay at elevated levels through the remainder of
calendar 2023 and into the start of 2024, and then modestly reduce through to the end of 2024, although remaining at higher than pre-pandemic
levels. Significant judgment continued to be inherent in the forecasting of forward-looking information, including our base case assumptions
regarding the economic impact of higher levels of interest rates, the easing of inflationary pressures, the impact from events in the U.S. banking
sector during the year and geopolitical events.
The downside case forecast continues to assume a recession and higher unemployment rates in Canada driven by a correction in the housing
market, higher interest rates and lower consumer spending. The downside case forecast for the U.S. also assumes a recession from the interest rate
hikes that were introduced to combat prolonged high levels of inflation. The downside forecasts also reflect slower recoveries thereafter to lower
levels of sustained economic activity and unemployment rates persistently above where they stood pre-pandemic. The upside scenario continues to
reflect a better economic environment than the base case forecast, particularly for the U.S.
As indicated above, forecasting forward-looking information for multiple scenarios and determining the probability weighting of the scenarios
involves a high degree of management judgment. Assumptions concerning measures used by governments to combat inflation, the economic
impact from higher levels of interest rates, the events in the U.S. banking sector during the year and geopolitical events are material to these
forecasts.
If we were to only use our base case scenario for the measurement of ECL for our performing loans, our ECL allowance would be $284 million
lower than the recognized ECL as at October 31, 2023 (2022: $248 million). If we were to only use our downside case scenario for the measurement
of ECL for our performing loans, our ECL allowance would be $926 million higher than the recognized ECL as at October 31, 2023 (2022:
$847 million). This sensitivity is isolated to the measurement of ECL and therefore did not consider changes in the migration of exposures between
stage 1 and stage 2 from the determination of the SICR that would have resulted in a 100% base case scenario or a 100% downside case scenario.
As a result, our ECL allowance on performing loans could exceed the amount implied by the 100% downside case scenario from the migration of
additional exposures from stage 1 to stage 2. Actual credit losses could differ materially from those reflected in our estimates.
Use of management overlays
Management overlays to ECL allowance estimates are adjustments which we use in circumstances where we judge that our existing inputs,
assumptions and model techniques do not capture all relevant risk factors. The emergence of new macroeconomic, microeconomic or political
events, along with expected changes to parameters, models or data that are not incorporated in our current parameters, internal risk rating
migrations, or forward-looking information are examples of such circumstances. To address the uncertainties inherent in the current environment, we
continue to utilize management overlays with respect to the impact of certain forward-looking information and credit metrics that are not expected to
be as indicative of the credit condition of the portfolios as the historical experience in our models would have otherwise suggested. The use of
management overlays requires the application of significant judgment that impacts the amount of ECL allowances recognized. Actual credit losses
could differ materially from those reflected in our estimates.
148 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
The following tables provide the gross carrying amount of loans, and the contractual amounts of undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance
sheet exposures based on our risk management PD bands for retail exposures, and based on our internal risk ratings for business and government
exposures. Refer to the “Credit risk” section of the MD&A for details on the CIBC risk categories.
Loans
(1)
$ millions, as at October 31
Residential mortgages
– Exceptionally low
– Very low
– Low
– Medium
– High
– Default
– Not rated
Gross residential mortgages
ECL allowance
(4)
(5)(6)
Net residential mortgages
Personal
– Exceptionally low
– Very low
– Low
– Medium
– High
– Default
– Not rated
Gross personal
ECL allowance
(5)
(6)
Net personal
Credit card
– Exceptionally low
– Very low
– Low
– Medium
– High
– Default
– Not rated
Gross credit card (6)
ECL allowance
Net credit card
Business and government
– Investment grade
– Non-investment grade
– Watch list
– Default
– Not rated
Gross business and government
ECL allowance
(4)
(7)(8)
Net business and government
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
(2)
(3)
2023
Total
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
(2)
(3)
$
$ 150,022 $ 14,999
9,107
5,112
4,980
1,100
–
219
74,149
10,817
322
–
–
2,630
237,940
90
237,850
35,517
142
35,375
18,785
4,389
11,031
1,165
211
–
723
36,304
141
36,163
4,279
1,061
6,642
2,626
6
–
153
14,767
166
14,601
99,322
91,920
101
–
192
191,535
253
191,282
3
12
4,311
3,062
1,624
–
24
9,036
695
8,341
–
–
35
2,953
777
–
6
3,771
519
3,252
512
7,190
4,478
–
15
12,195
824
11,371
–
–
–
–
–
585
202
787
224
563
–
–
–
–
–
214
33
247
181
66
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,956
–
1,956
667
1,289
$
$ 165,021
83,256
15,929
5,302
1,100
585
3,051
274,244
456
273,788
$ 174,749
53,795
24,200
261
–
–
2,604
255,609
57
255,552
$
140
498
6,816
4,927
906
–
214
13,501
69
13,432
18,788
4,401
15,342
4,227
1,835
214
780
45,587
1,017
44,570
4,279
1,061
6,677
5,579
783
–
159
18,538
685
17,853
99,834
99,110
4,579
1,956
207
205,686
1,744
203,942
18,943
6,119
9,117
934
266
–
657
36,036
115
35,921
3,151
1,042
6,936
992
–
–
145
12,266
143
12,123
87,184
101,889
66
–
208
189,347
285
189,062
1
5
4,953
3,084
1,089
–
34
9,166
641
8,525
–
–
597
2,927
682
–
7
4,213
641
3,572
404
6,457
2,971
–
17
9,849
458
9,391
–
–
–
–
–
374
222
596
167
429
–
–
–
–
–
175
52
227
146
81
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
920
–
920
351
569
2022
Total
$ 174,889
54,293
31,016
5,188
906
374
3,040
269,706
293
269,413
18,944
6,124
14,070
4,018
1,355
175
743
45,429
902
44,527
3,151
1,042
7,533
3,919
682
–
152
16,479
784
15,695
87,588
108,346
3,037
920
225
200,116
1,094
199,022
Total net amount of loans
$ 479,896 $ 58,339
$
1,918
$ 540,153
$ 492,658
$ 34,920
$ 1,079
$ 528,657
(1) The table excludes debt securities measured at FVOCI, for which ECL allowances of $22 million (2022: $24 million) were recognized in AOCI. In addition, the table
excludes debt securities classified at amortized cost, for which ECL allowances of $20 million were recognized as at October 31, 2023 (2022: $15 million). Other financial
assets classified at amortized cost were also excluded from the table above as their ECL allowances were immaterial as at October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022.
Financial assets other than loans that are classified as amortized cost are presented on our consolidated balance sheet net of ECL allowances.
(2) Excludes foreclosed assets of $13 million (2022: $24 million), which were included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheet.
(3) As at October 31, 2023, 93% (2022: 84%) of stage 3 impaired loans were either fully or partially collateralized.
(4) Includes $3 million (2022: $4 million) of residential mortgages and $270 million (2022: $963 million) of business and government loans that are measured and designated
at FVTPL.
(5) The internal risk rating grades presented for residential mortgages and certain personal loans do not take into account loan guarantees or insurance issued by the
Canadian government (federal or provincial), Canadian government agencies, or private insurers, as the determination of whether a SICR has occurred for these loans is
based on relative changes in the loans’ lifetime PD without considering collateral or other credit enhancements.
(6) The October 31, 2023 amounts include the impact of a change in credit score provider applied in the second quarter of 2023 for our Canadian retail loans.
(7) Includes customers’ liability under acceptances of $10,816 million (2022: $11,574 million).
(8) The October 31, 2023 amounts include the impact of a change in the internal risk rating methodology applied in the first quarter of 2023 at CIBC Bank USA.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 149
Consolidated financial statements
Undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures
$ millions, as at October 31
Retail
– Exceptionally low
– Very low
– Low
– Medium
– High
– Default
– Not rated
Gross retail (1)
ECL allowance
Net retail
Business and government
– Investment grade
– Non-investment grade
– Watch list
– Default
– Not rated
Gross business and government
ECL allowance
(2)
Net business and government
Total net undrawn credit facilities and
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
2023
Total
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
$
$ 159,254
15,367
10,723
1,256
118
–
506
187,224
48
187,176
147,206
56,707
7
–
614
204,534
41
204,493
7
26
1,405
986
763
–
6
3,193
86
3,107
361
2,097
1,000
–
30
3,488
40
3,448
$
$
– $ 159,261
15,393
–
12,128
–
2,242
–
881
–
37
37
512
–
$ 149,286
14,461
10,844
522
155
–
484
37
–
37
–
–
–
161
–
161
–
161
190,454
134
190,320
147,567
58,804
1,007
161
644
208,183
81
208,102
175,752
38
175,714
119,069
64,446
15
–
575
184,105
50
184,055
6
51
2,412
1,402
682
–
8
4,561
83
4,478
121
2,540
571
–
26
3,258
32
3,226
$
–
–
–
–
–
39
–
39
–
39
–
–
–
69
–
69
–
69
2022
Total
$ 149,292
14,512
13,256
1,924
837
39
492
180,352
121
180,231
119,190
66,986
586
69
601
187,432
82
187,350
other off-balance sheet exposures $ 391,669
$ 6,555
$ 198 $ 398,422
$ 359,769
$ 7,704
$ 108
$ 367,581
(1) The 2023 amounts include the impact of a change in credit score provider applied in the second quarter of 2023 for our Canadian retail loans.
(2) The 2023 amounts include the impact of a change in the internal risk rating methodology applied in the first quarter of 2023 at CIBC Bank USA.
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
2023
2022
$ 45,019
32,194
$ 22,179
9,538
12,825
2,010
12,641
1,057
$ 10,815
$ 11,584
Modified financial assets
As part of CIBC’s usual lending business, from time to time we may modify the contractual terms of loans classified as stage 2 and stage 3 for which
the borrower has experienced financial difficulties, through the granting of a concession in the form of below-market rates or terms that we would not
otherwise have considered.
During the year ended October 31, 2023, loans classified as stage 2 or stage 3 with an amortized cost of $1,422 million (2022: $434 million) before
modification were modified through the granting of a financial concession in response to the borrower having experienced financial difficulties. In
addition, the gross carrying amount of previously modified stage 2 or stage 3 loans that have returned to stage 1 during the year ended
October 31, 2023 was $500 million (2022: $461 million), including loans that were previously subject to the client deferral programs.
Note 6
Structured entities and derecognition of financial assets
Structured entities
SEs are entities that have been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as
when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. SEs are
entities that are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective. CIBC is involved with various types of SEs for which the business
activities include securitization of financial assets, asset-backed financings, and asset management.
We consolidate a SE when the substance of the relationship indicates that we control the SE.
Consolidated structured entities
We consolidate the following SEs:
Credit card securitization trust
We sell an ownership interest in a revolving pool of credit card receivables generated under certain credit card accounts to Cards II Trust (Cards II),
which purchases a proportionate share of credit card receivables on certain credit card accounts, with the proceeds received from the issuance of
notes. We consolidate this trust because we have the power to direct the relevant activities and have exposure to substantially all the variability of
returns from the excess spread (the deferred purchase price) that we receive over time.
150 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Our credit card securitizations are revolving securitizations, with credit card receivable balances fluctuating from month to month as credit
card clients repay their balances and new receivables are generated.
The notes are presented as Secured borrowings within Deposits on the consolidated balance sheet.
As at October 31, 2023, Cards II held $6.7 billion of credit card receivable assets and other eligible assets of $0.2 billion with an aggregated
fair value of $6.9 billion (2022: $4.5 billion with a fair value of $4.5 billion), which supported $4.0 billion of associated funding liabilities with a fair
value of $4.0 billion (2022: $3.0 billion with a fair value of $2.9 billion).
Covered bond guarantor
Under the Legislative Covered Bond Programme, we transfer a pool of conventional uninsured mortgages to the CIBC Covered Bond (Legislative)
Guarantor Limited Partnership (the Guarantor LP). The Guarantor LP holds interest and title to these transferred mortgages and serves to guarantee
payment of principal and interest to bondholders. The covered bond liabilities are on-balance sheet obligations that are fully collateralized by the
mortgage assets over which bondholders enjoy a priority claim in the event of CIBC’s insolvency. We consolidate this entity because we have the
ability to direct the relevant activities and retain substantially all of the variability of returns on the underlying mortgages.
As at October 31, 2023, our Legislative Covered Bond Programme had outstanding covered bond liabilities of $31.4 billion with a fair value of
$31.4 billion (2022: $26.3 billion with a fair value of $26.1 billion).
Multi-seller conduit
We sponsor a consolidated multi-seller conduit in Canada that acquires direct or indirect ownership or security interests in pools of financial assets
from clients and finance the acquisitions by issuing ABS and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP). The sellers to the conduit continue to service
the assets and are exposed to credit losses realized on these assets through the provision of credit enhancements. We hold all of the outstanding
ABS and ABCP. As at October 31, 2023, $671 million of financial assets held by the conduit were included in Securities (2022: $525 million), of
which $178 million are measured at FVTPL (2022: $178 million) and $493 million at amortized cost (2022: $347 million), and $811 million were
included in Loans (2022: $1,089 million) on our consolidated balance sheet. These financial assets are related to third-party SEs and are included in
the non-consolidated SEs table below.
CIBC-managed investment funds
We establish and manage investment funds such as mutual funds and pooled funds. We act as an investment manager and earn market-based
management fees and, for certain pooled funds, performance fees which are generally based on the performance of the funds. Seed capital is
provided from time to time to CIBC-managed investment funds for initial launch. We consolidate those investment funds in which we have power to
direct the relevant activities of the funds and in which our seed capital, or our units held, is significant relative to the total variability of returns of the
funds such that we are deemed to be a principal rather than an agent. As at October 31, 2023, the total assets and non-controlling interests in
consolidated CIBC-managed investment funds were $264 million and $69 million, respectively (2022: $137 million and $70 million, respectively).
Non-controlling interests in consolidated CIBC-managed investment funds are included in Other liabilities as the investment fund units are
mandatorily redeemable at the option of the investor.
Community-based tax-advantaged investments
We sponsor certain SEs that invest in community development projects in the U.S. through the issuance of below-market loans that generate a
return primarily through the realization of tax credits. As at October 31, 2023, the program had outstanding loans of $129 million (2022: $125 million).
We consolidate these entities because we have the ability to direct the relevant activities and retain substantially all of the variability of returns on the
underlying loans.
Non-consolidated structured entities
The following SEs are not consolidated by CIBC because we do not have control over these SEs:
Single-seller and multi-seller conduits
We manage and administer a single-seller conduit and several CIBC-sponsored multi-seller conduits in Canada and the U.S. The multi-seller
conduits acquire direct or indirect ownership or security interests in pools of financial assets from our clients and finance the acquisitions by issuing
ABCP to investors. The single-seller conduit acquires financial assets and finances these acquisitions through a credit facility provided by a
syndicate of financial institutions. The sellers to the conduits may continue to service the assets and may be exposed to credit losses realized on
these assets, typically through the provision of over-collateralization or another form of credit enhancement. The conduits may also obtain credit
enhancement from third-party providers. As at October 31, 2023, the total assets in the single-seller conduit and multi-seller conduits amounted to
$0.5 billion and $13.4 billion, respectively (2022: $0.6 billion and $9.3 billion, respectively).
We provide the multi-seller conduits with commercial paper backstop liquidity facilities. We may also provide securities distribution to
multi-seller conduits, and to both the single and multi-seller conduits with accounting, cash management, and operations services. The liquidity
facilities for the managed and administered multi-seller conduits require us to provide funding, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions with
respect to the conduits, for ABCP not placed with external investors. We also may purchase ABCP issued by the multi-seller conduits for market-
making purposes and, in respect of our U.S. ABCP conduits, hold some of the ABCP for voluntary risk retention purposes.
We are required to maintain certain short-term and/or long-term debt ratings with respect to the liquidity facilities that we provide to the
sponsored multi-seller conduits in Canada. If we are downgraded below the level specified under the terms of those facilities, we must provide
alternative satisfactory liquidity arrangements, such as procuring an alternative liquidity provider that meets the minimum rating requirements.
We may also act as the counterparty to derivative contracts entered into by a multi-seller conduit in order to convert the yield of the underlying
assets to match the needs of the multi-seller conduit’s investors or to mitigate the interest rate, basis, and currency risk within the conduit.
All fees earned in respect of activities with the conduits are on a market basis.
Third-party structured vehicles
We have investments in and provide loans, liquidity and credit facilities to third-party SEs. We also have investments in limited partnerships in which
we generally are a passive investor of the limited partnerships as a limited partner, and in some cases, we are the co-general partner and have
significant influence over the limited partnerships. Similar to other limited partners, we are obligated to provide funding up to our commitment level
to these limited partnerships.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 151
Consolidated financial statements
Loan warehouse financing
We provide interim and term senior financing to third-party SEs for the purpose of future securitization. The SE is established by a third-party
investor, who provides the initial investment into the SE (the equity investors). The senior financing enables the SE to purchase a loan portfolio at the
direction of a collateral manager during the warehousing phase of the securitization. The senior lenders are repaid by proceeds from the issuance
of debt securities to investors when the deal closes or by the cash flows from the repayment of the underlying assets held by the SE or alternative
financing obtained by the investor from third-party lenders.
Community Reinvestment Act investments
We hold debt and equity investments in limited liability entities to further our U.S. Community Reinvestment Act initiatives with a carrying value of
$555 million (2022: $489 million). These entities invest in qualifying community development projects, including affordable housing projects that
generate a return primarily by the realization of tax credits. Similar to other limited investors in these entities, we are obligated to provide funding up
to our commitment level to these limited liability entities. As at October 31, 2023, the total assets of these limited liability entities were $9.0 billion
(2022: $7.9 billion).
CIBC-managed investment funds
As indicated above, we establish investment funds, including mutual funds and pooled funds, to provide clients with investment opportunities and we
may receive management fees and performance fees. We may hold insignificant amounts of fund units in these CIBC-managed funds. We do not
consolidate these funds if we do not have significant variability of returns from our interests in these funds such that we are deemed to be an agent
through our capacity as the investment manager, rather than a principal. We do not guarantee the performance of CIBC-managed investment funds.
As at October 31, 2023, the total AUM in the non-consolidated CIBC-managed investment funds amounted to $133.6 billion (2022: $133.5 billion).
Capital vehicle
We purchase credit protection from a capital vehicle on certain referenced loan assets, which issues guarantee-linked notes held only by third-party
investors. We do not consolidate the capital vehicle and the underlying loan assets remain on the consolidated balance sheet.
Our on-balance sheet amounts and maximum exposure to loss related to SEs that are not consolidated are set out in the table below. The maximum
exposure comprises the carrying value of unhedged investments, the notional amounts for liquidity and credit facilities, and the notional amounts
less accumulated fair value losses for unhedged written credit derivatives on SE reference assets. The impact of CVA is not considered in the table
below.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
On-balance sheet assets at carrying value
(2)
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with banks
Securities
Loans
Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures
October 31, 2022
On-balance sheet liabilities at carrying value
(2)
Deposits
Derivatives
Other
(3)
October 31, 2022
Maximum exposure to loss, net of hedges
Investments and loans
Notional of written derivatives, less fair value losses
Liquidity, credit facilities and commitments
Less: hedges of investments, loans and written derivatives exposure
October 31, 2022
Single-seller
and multi-seller
conduits
Third-party
structured
vehicles
Loan
warehouse
financing
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
–
414
91
–
505
740
–
–
–
–
–
$
–
3,001
1,298
52
$ 4,351
$ 5,005
$
$
$
–
–
–
–
–
505
–
13,131 (4)
–
$ 4,351
–
2,039
–
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
–
–
6,858
–
6,858
8,898
–
–
–
–
–
6,858
–
5,500
–
$ 13,636
$ 9,422
$ 6,390
$ 12,358
$ 7,643
$ 11,598
Other
(1)
$
362
580
131
54
$ 1,127
$
601
$
$
$
$
$
$
365
51
238
654
45
765
25
150
(28)
912
905
(1) Includes Community Reinvestment Act-related investment vehicles, CIBC-managed investment funds, Capital vehicles and third-party structured vehicles related to
structured credit run-off.
(2) Excludes SEs established by CMHC, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHLB, Federal Farm Credit Bank, and Student Loan Marketing Association.
(3) Comprises written credit default swaps (CDS) and total return swaps (TRS) under which we assume exposures. Excludes foreign exchange derivatives, interest rate
derivatives and other derivatives provided as part of normal client facilitation.
(4) Excludes an additional $4.3 billion (2022: $2.4 billion) relating to our backstop liquidity facilities provided to the multi-seller conduits as part of their commitment to fund
purchases of additional assets. Also excludes $414 million (2022: $642 million) of our direct investments in the multi-seller conduits which we consider investment
exposure.
We also hold investments in a variety of third-party investment funds, which include, but are not limited to, exchange-traded funds, mutual funds,
and investment trusts. We buy and sell units of these investment funds as part of trading activities or client facilitation businesses that are managed
as part of larger portfolios. We generally are a passive investor and are not the investment manager in any of these investment funds. We are not the
sponsor of any third-party investment funds, nor do we have the power over key decision-making activities of the funds. Our maximum exposure to
loss from our investments is limited to the carrying amounts of our investments and any unutilized commitment we have provided to these funds. In
addition, we issue certain structured notes and enter into equity derivatives that are referenced to the return of certain investment funds.
Accordingly, we do not include our interests in these third-party investment funds in the table above.
152 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Derecognition of financial assets
We enter into transactions in the normal course of business in which we transfer recognized financial assets directly to third parties, but retain
substantially all of the risks and rewards of those assets. The risks include credit, interest rate, foreign exchange, prepayment and other price risks
whereas the rewards include income streams associated with the assets. Due to the retention of risks, the transferred financial assets are not
derecognized and such transfers are accounted for as secured borrowing transactions.
The majority of our financial assets transferred to non-consolidated entities that do not qualify for derecognition are: (i) residential mortgage
loans under securitization transactions; (ii) securities held by counterparties as collateral under repurchase agreements; and (iii) securities lent
under securities lending agreements.
Residential mortgage securitizations
We securitize fully insured fixed- and variable-rate residential mortgage pools through the creation of National Housing Act (NHA) MBS under the
NHA MBS Program, sponsored by CMHC. Under the Canada Mortgage Bond Program, sponsored by CMHC, we sell MBS to a government-
sponsored securitization trust that issues securities to investors. We do not consolidate the securitization trust. We may act as a counterparty in
interest rate swap agreements where we pay the trust the interest due to investors and receive the interest on the MBS. We have also sold MBS
directly to CMHC under the Government of Canada’s Insured Mortgage Purchase Program.
The sale of mortgage pools that comprise the NHA MBS does not qualify for derecognition as we retain prepayment, credit, and interest rate
risks associated with the mortgages, which represent substantially all the risks and rewards. As a result, the mortgages remain on our consolidated
balance sheet and are carried at amortized cost. We also recognize the cash proceeds from the securitization as Deposits – Secured borrowings.
Securities held by counterparties as collateral under repurchase agreements
We enter into arrangements whereby we sell securities but enter into simultaneous arrangements to repurchase the securities at a fixed price on a
future date, thereby retaining substantially all the risks and rewards. As a result, the securities remain on our consolidated balance sheet.
Securities lent for cash collateral or for securities collateral
We enter into arrangements whereby we lend securities but with arrangements to receive the securities at a future date, thereby retaining
substantially all the risks and rewards. As a result, the securities remain on our consolidated balance sheet.
The following table provides the carrying amount and fair value of transferred financial assets that did not qualify for derecognition and the
associated financial liabilities:
$ millions, as at October 31
Residential mortgage securitizations (1)
Securities held by counterparties as collateral under repurchase agreements (2)
Securities lent for cash collateral (2)
Securities lent for securities collateral
(2)
Associated liabilities (3)
Carrying
amount
2023
Fair
value
$ 14,227 $ 13,959
49,794
2,716
24,355
49,794
2,716
24,355
Carrying
amount
$ 16,939
39,788
2,165
30,520
2022
Fair
value
$ 16,540
39,788
2,165
30,520
$ 91,092 $ 90,824
$ 89,412
$ 89,013
$ 90,901 $ 90,868
$ 88,954
$ 88,912
(1) Consists mainly of Canadian residential mortgage loans transferred to Canada Housing Trust. Certain cash in transit balances related to the securitization process
amounting to $541 million (2022: $405 million) have been applied to reduce these balances.
(2) Does not include over-collateralization of assets pledged. Repurchase and securities lending arrangements are conducted with both CIBC-owned and third-party assets
on a pooled basis. The carrying amounts represent an estimated allocation related to the transfer of our own financial assets.
(3) Includes the obligation to return off-balance sheet securities collateral on securities lent and fair value hedge basis adjustments.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 153
Consolidated financial statements
Note 7
Property and equipment
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
2023
Cost
Balance at beginning of year
Additions (2)
Disposals (3)
Adjustments (4)
Balance at end of year
2022
Balance at end of year
2023
Accumulated depreciation
Depreciation
Disposals (3)
Adjustments (4)
Balance at end of year
2022
Balance at end of year
Net book value
As at October 31, 2023
As at October 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of year
$
Right-of-
use assets
Land and
buildings (1)
Computer
equipment
Office furniture,
equipment
and other (1)
Leasehold
improvements (1)
Total
$ 2,591
150
(64)
15
$ 2,692
$ 2,591
$ 784
25
(8)
3
$ 804
$ 1,193
59
(201)
3
$ 1,054
$ 784
$ 1,193
814
276
(47)
7
$ 1,050
$
814
$ 333
20
(9)
1
$ 345
$ 333
$ 1,642
1,777
$
$ 459
451
$
$
$
$
$
$
984
92
(199)
2
879
984
175
209
$ 888
13
(30)
4
$ 875
$ 888
$ 501
49
(30)
3
$ 523
$ 501
$ 352
387
$
$ 1,468
150
(51)
5
$ 6,924
397
(354)
30
$ 1,572
$ 6,997
$ 1,468
$ 6,924
$
$
$
$
$
915
81
(49)
2
949
915
623
553
$ 3,547
518
(334)
15
$ 3,746
$ 3,547
$ 3,251
$ 3,377
(1) Includes $172 million (2022: $242 million) of work-in-progress not subject to depreciation.
(2) Includes impact of lease modifications.
(3) Includes write-offs of fully depreciated assets.
(4) Includes foreign currency translation adjustments.
Cost of net additions and disposals during the year was: Canadian Personal and Business Banking net additions of $215 million (2022: net additions
of $106 million); Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net disposals of $5 million (2022: net disposals of $102 million);
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net additions of $23 million (2022: net additions of $23 million); Capital Markets and Direct
Financial Services net additions of $9 million (2022: net disposals of $18 million); and Corporate and Other net disposals of $199 million (2022: net
additions of $367 million).
Note 8
Goodwill, software and other intangible assets
Goodwill
The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually as at August 1 and whenever there are events or changes in circumstances
which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is allocated to CGUs for the purposes of impairment testing based on the
lowest level for which identifiable cash inflows are largely independent of cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The goodwill
impairment test is performed by comparing the recoverable amount of the CGU to which goodwill has been allocated with the carrying amount of
the CGU including goodwill, with any deficiency recognized as impairment to goodwill. The recoverable amount of a CGU is defined as the higher of
its estimated fair value less cost to sell and value in use.
We have two significant CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are allocated to each
CGU as follows:
CGUs
U.S. Commercial
Banking and
Wealth
Management
$ 4,224
–
76
Other
$ 240
–
1
$ 4,300
$
241
$ 3,838
–
386
$ 232
–
8
$ 4,224
$ 240
Canadian
Wealth
Management
$ 884
–
–
$ 884
$ 884
–
–
$ 884
Total
$ 5,348
–
77
$ 5,425
$ 4,954
–
394
$ 5,348
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
2023
Balance at beginning o f year
Impairment
Adjustments (1)
Balance at end of year
2022
Balance at beginning of year
Impairment
Adjustments (1)
Balance at end of year
(1) Includes foreign currency translation adjustments.
154 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Impairment testing of goodwill and key assumptions
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
The recoverable amount of the U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management CGU (including The PrivateBank and Geneva Advisors) is based
on a value in use calculation using a five-year cash flow projection approved by management, and an estimate of the capital required to be
maintained to support ongoing operations.
We have determined that for the impairment testing performed as at August 1, 2023, the estimated recoverable amount of the U.S. Commercial
Banking and Wealth Management CGU was in excess of its carrying amount. As a result, no impairment charge was recognized during 2023.
A terminal growth rate of 4.5% as at August 1, 2023 (August 1, 2022: 4.4%) was applied to the years after the five-year forecast. All of the
forecasted cash flows were discounted at an after-tax rate of 10.3% as at August 1, 2023 (12.2% pre-tax) which we believe to be a risk-adjusted
discount rate appropriate to U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management (we used an after-tax rate of 9.8% as at August 1, 2022). The
determination of a discount rate and a terminal growth rate require the exercise of judgment. The discount rate was determined based on the
following primary factors: (i) the risk-free rate; (ii) an equity risk premium; and (iii) beta adjustment to the equity risk premium based on a review of
betas of comparable publicly traded financial institutions in the region. The terminal growth rate was based on management’s expectations of real
growth and forecasted inflation rates.
If alternative reasonably possible changes in key assumptions were applied, the result of the impairment test would not differ.
Estimation of the recoverable amount is an area of significant judgment. The recoverable amount is estimated using an internally developed
model which requires the use of significant assumptions including forecasted earnings, a discount rate, a terminal growth rate and forecasted
regulatory capital requirements. Reductions in the estimated recoverable amount could arise from various factors, such as reductions in forecasted
cash flows, an increase in the assumed level of required capital, and any adverse changes to the discount rate or terminal growth rate either in
isolation or in any combination thereof.
Canadian Wealth Management
The recoverable amount of the Canadian Wealth Management CGU is based on a fair value less cost to sell calculation. The fair value is estimated
using an earnings-based approach whereby the forecasted earnings are based on the Wealth Management internal plan which was approved by
management and covers a three-year period. The calculation incorporates the forecasted earnings multiplied by an earnings multiple derived from
observable price-to-earnings multiples of comparable wealth management institutions. The price-to-earnings multiples of those comparable wealth
management institutions ranged from 6.0 to 11.6 as at August 1, 2023 (August 1, 2022: 6.4 to 10.7).
We have determined that the estimated recoverable amount of the Wealth Management CGU was in excess of its carrying amount as at
August 1, 2023. As a result, no impairment charge was recognized during 2023.
If alternative reasonably possible changes in key assumptions were applied, the result of the impairment test would not differ.
Other
The goodwill relating to the Other CGUs, which includes the CIBC FirstCaribbean CGU, is comprised of amounts which individually are not
considered to be significant. We have determined that for the impairment testing performed as at August 1, 2023, the estimated recoverable amount
of each of these CGUs was in excess of their carrying amounts.
Allocation to strategic business units
Goodwill of $5,425 million (2022: $5,348 million) is allocated to the SBUs as follows: Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management of
$954 million (2022: $954 million), Corporate and Other of $100 million (2022: $99 million), U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management of
$4,300 million (2022: $4,224 million), Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services of $64 million (2022: $64 million), and Canadian Personal and
Business Banking of $7 million (2022: $7 million).
Software and other intangible assets
The carrying amount of indefinite-lived intangible assets is provided in the following table:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
2023
Balance at beginning of year
Impairment
Adjustments
(3)
Balance at end of year
2022
Balance at beginning of year
Adjustments (3)
Balance at end of year
Contract
based (1)
Brand name (2)
$ 116
–
–
$
$
$
116
116
–
116
$
$
$
$
27
(27)
–
–
24
3
27
Total
$ 143
(27)
–
$
$
$
116
140
3
143
(1) Represents management contracts purchased as part of past acquisitions.
(2) Acquired as part of the CIBC FirstCaribbean acquisition. On October 31, 2023, CIBC FirstCaribbean announced its intent to rebrand as CIBC, and we therefore recognized
an impairment charge of $27 million in Corporate and Other related to the impairment of the indefinite-lived brand name intangible asset.
(3) Includes foreign currency translation adjustments.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 155
Consolidated financial statements
The components of finite-lived software and other intangible assets are as follows:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
2023 Gross carrying amount
Balance at beginning of year
Additions
Disposals (5)
Adjustments (6)
Balance at end of year
2022
Balance at end of year
2023 Accumulated amortization
Balance at beginning of year
Amortization and impairment (5)
Disposals (5)
Adjustments (6)
Balance at end of year
2022
Balance at end of year
Net book value
As at October 31, 2023
As at October 31, 2022
Core deposit
Software (1)
intangibles (2)
Contract
based
(3)
Customer
relationships (4)
$ 4,881
787
(66)
8
$ 5,610
$ 4,881
$ 2,790
498
(49)
4
$ 3,243
$ 2,790
$
2,367
$ 2,091
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
633
–
(584)
6
55
633
577
40
(584)
6
39
577
16
56
$ 32
–
(12)
1
$ 21
$ 32
$ 15
7
(12)
4
$ 14
$ 15
$
$
7
17
$
Total
6,044
787
(691)
20
$ 6,160
$ 6,044
$ 3,595
598
(674)
15
$ 3,534
$ 3,595
$
498
–
(29)
5
$ 474
$ 498
$
213
53
(29)
1
$ 238
$ 213
$
$
236
285
$ 2,626
2,449
$
(1) Includes $1,021 million (2022: $942 million) of work-in-progress not subject to amortization.
(2) Acquired as part of the acquisitions of CIBC FirstCaribbean and The PrivateBank.
(3) Represents a combination of management contracts purchased as part of past acquisitions including The PrivateBank and Geneva Advisors in 2017, as well as
Lowenhaupt Global Advisors, LLC (LGA) and Cleary Gull in 2019.
(4) Represents customer relationships associated with past acquisitions including The PrivateBank and Geneva Advisors in 2017, LGA in 2019 and the Canadian Costco
credit card portfolio in 2022.
(5) Includes write-offs of fully amortized assets.
(6) Includes foreign currency translation and purchase price adjustments.
Net additions and disposals of gross carrying amount during the year were: Canadian Personal and Business Banking net additions of nil (2022: net
additions of $242 million); Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net disposals of $10 million (2022: net disposals of nil);
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management net disposals of $255 million (2022: net additions of $26 million); Capital Markets and Direct
Financial Services net additions of nil (2022: net additions of nil); and Corporate and Other net additions of $361 million (2022: net additions of
$775 million).
Note 9
Other assets
$ millions, as at October 31
Accrued interest receivable
Defined benefit asset (Note 18)
Precious metals (1)
Brokers’ client accounts
Current tax receivable
Other prepayments
Derivative collateral receivable
Accounts receivable
Other
(2)
$
2023
3,502
1,055
2,481
7,452
2,729
607
6,846
851
2,183
$
2022
2,230
1,420
2,304
9,467
2,837
652
13,637
1,053
1,597
$ 27,706
$ 35,197
(1) Includes gold and silver bullion that are measured at fair value using unadjusted market prices quoted in active markets.
(2) Includes investments in subleases of $671 million as at October 31, 2023 (2022: $703 million). For the year ended October 31, 2023, finance income related to our
investment in sublease was $46 million (2022: $46 million). Future lease payments receivable are $531 million over the next five years, and $546 million thereafter until
expiry of the subleases.
156 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Note 10 Deposits (1)(2)
$ millions, as at October 31
Personal
Business and government (7)
Bank
Secured borrowings (8)
Comprises:
Held at amortized cost
Designated at fair value
Total deposits include: (9)
Non-interest-bearing deposits
Canada
U.S.
Other international
Interest-bearing deposits
Canada
U.S.
Other international
Payable on
Payable after
Payable on a
demand (3)
notice (4)
fixed date (5)(6)
2023
Total
$
13,590
98,832
13,184
–
$ 125,606
$ 126,340
100,599
33
–
$ 226,972
$
99,105
213,130
9,079
49,484
$ 239,035
412,561
22,296
49,484
$ 370,798
$ 723,376
2022
Total
$ 232,095
397,188
22,523
45,766
$ 697,572
$ 687,737
35,639
$ 670,770
26,802
$ 723,376
$ 697,572
$
84,165
12,816
5,821
$
93,801
17,053
6,452
488,490
95,109
36,975
447,409
92,333
40,524
$ 723,376
$ 697,572
(1) Includes deposits of $258.4 billion (2022: $243.3 billion) denominated in U.S. dollars and deposits of $53.6 billion (2022: $53.1 billion) denominated in other foreign
currencies.
(2) Net of purchased notes of $1.6 billion (2022: $3.0 billion).
(3) Includes all deposits for which we do not have the right to require notice of withdrawal. These deposits are generally chequing accounts.
(4) Includes all deposits for which we can legally require notice of withdrawal. These deposits are generally savings accounts.
(5) Includes all deposits that mature on a specified date. These deposits are generally term deposits, guaranteed investment certificates, and similar instruments.
(6) Includes $60.8 billion (2022: $55.1 billion) of deposits which are subject to the bank recapitalization (bail-in) conversion regulations issued by the Department of Finance
Canada. These regulations provide certain statutory powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, including the ability to convert specified eligible shares and
liabilities of CIBC into common shares in the event that CIBC is determined to be non-viable.
(7) Includes $14.6 billion (2022: $10.6 billion) of structured note liabilities that were sold upon issuance to third-party financial intermediaries, who may resell the notes to retail
investors in foreign jurisdictions.
(8) Comprises liabilities issued by or as a result of activities associated with the securitization of residential mortgages, Covered Bond Programme, and consolidated
securitization vehicles.
(9) Classification is based on geographical location of the CIBC office.
Note 11 Other liabilities
$ millions, as at October 31
Accrued interest payable
Defined benefit liability (Note 18)
Gold and silver certificates
Brokers’ client accounts
Derivative collateral payable
Negotiable instruments
Accrued employee compensation and benefits
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Other (1)
$
2023
4,530
462
119
5,907
3,381
1,228
2,580
2,804
5,621
$
2022
2,009
477
102
6,617
5,919
1,267
2,737
2,608
6,336
$ 26,632
$ 28,072
(1) Includes the carrying value of our lease liabilities, which was $2,018 million as at October 31, 2023 (2022: $2,175 million). The undiscounted cash flows related to the
contractual maturity of our lease liabilities is $331 million for the period less than 1 year, $1,053 million between years 1-5, and $1,086 million thereafter until expiry of the
leases. During the year ended October 31, 2023, interest expense on lease liabilities was $67 million (2022: $61 million).
Note 12 Derivative instruments
As described in Note 1, in the normal course of business, we use various derivative instruments for both trading and ALM purposes. These
derivatives limit, modify or give rise to varying degrees and types of risk.
$ millions, as at October 31
Trading (Note 2)
ALM (Note 2) (1)
Assets
$ 30,807
2,436
$ 33,243
2023
Liabilities
$ 40,609
681
$ 41,290
Assets
$ 40,101
2,934
$
43,035
2022
Liabilities
$
$
46,278
6,062
52,340
(1) Comprised of derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting under IAS 39 and derivatives used for economic hedges.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 157
Consolidated financial statements
Derivatives used by CIBC
The majority of our derivative contracts are OTC transactions, which consist of: (i) contracts that are bilaterally negotiated and settled between CIBC
and the counterparty to the contract; and (ii) contracts that are bilaterally negotiated and then cleared through a central counterparty (CCP).
Bilaterally negotiated and settled contracts are usually traded under a standardized International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA)
agreement with collateral posting arrangements between CIBC and its counterparties. Terms are negotiated directly with counterparties and the
contracts have industry-standard settlement mechanisms prescribed by ISDA. Centrally cleared contracts are generally bilaterally negotiated and
then novated to, and cleared through, a CCP. The industry promotes the use of CCPs to clear OTC trades. The central clearing of derivative
contracts generally facilitates the reduction of credit exposures due to the ability to net settle offsetting positions. Consequently, derivative contracts
cleared through CCPs generally attract less capital relative to those settled with non-CCPs.
The remainder of our derivative contracts are exchange-traded derivatives, which are standardized in terms of their amounts and settlement
dates, and are bought and sold on organized and regulated exchanges. These exchange-traded derivative contracts consist primarily of options
and futures.
Interest rate derivatives
Forward rate agreements are OTC contracts that effectively fix a future interest rate for a period of time. A typical forward rate agreement provides
that at a pre-determined future date, a cash settlement will be made between the counterparties based upon the difference between a contracted
rate and a market rate to be determined in the future, calculated on a specified notional principal amount. No exchange of principal amount takes
place. Certain forward rate agreements are bilaterally transacted and then novated and settled through a clearing house which acts as a CCP.
Interest rate swaps are OTC contracts in which two counterparties agree to exchange cash flows over a period of time based on rates applied
to a specified notional principal amount. A typical interest rate swap would require one counterparty to pay a fixed market interest rate in exchange
for a variable market interest rate determined from time to time, with both calculated on a specified notional principal amount. No exchange of
principal amount takes place. Certain interest rate swaps are bilaterally transacted and then novated and settled through a clearing house which
acts as a CCP.
Interest rate options are contracts in which one party (the purchaser of an option) acquires from another party (the writer of an option), in
exchange for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to either buy or sell, on a specified future date or within a specified time, a specified
financial instrument at a contracted price. The underlying financial instrument has a market price which varies in response to changes in interest
rates. Options are transacted in both OTC and exchange-traded markets.
Interest rate futures are standardized contracts transacted on an exchange. They are based upon an agreement to buy or sell a specified
quantity of a financial instrument on a specified future date, at a contracted price. These contracts differ from forward rate agreements in that they
are in standard amounts with standard settlement dates and are transacted through an exchange.
Foreign exchange derivatives
Foreign exchange forwards are OTC contracts in which one counterparty contracts with another to exchange a specified amount of one currency for
a specified amount of a second currency, at a future date or range of dates.
Foreign exchange futures contracts are similar in mechanics to foreign exchange forward contracts except that they are in standard currency
amounts with standard settlement dates and are transacted through an exchange.
Foreign exchange swap contracts comprise foreign exchange swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps. Foreign exchange swaps are
transactions in which a currency is simultaneously purchased in the spot market and sold for a different currency in the forward market, or vice
versa. Cross-currency interest rate swaps are transactions in which counterparties exchange principal and interest flows in different currencies over
a period of time. These contracts are used to manage both currency and interest rate exposures.
Credit derivatives
Credit derivatives are OTC contracts designed to transfer the credit risk in an underlying financial instrument (usually termed as a reference asset)
from one counterparty to another. The most common credit derivatives are CDS and certain TRS.
CDS contracts provide protection against the decline in value of a reference asset as a result of specified credit events such as default or
bankruptcy. These derivatives are similar in structure to an option whereby the purchaser pays a premium to the seller of the CDS contract in return
for payment contingent on the occurrence of a credit event. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference
between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value of the reference asset at the time of settlement. Neither the purchaser nor the seller
under the CDS contract has recourse to the entity that issued the reference asset. Certain CDS contracts are cleared through a CCP.
In credit derivative TRS contracts, one counterparty agrees to pay or receive cash amounts based on the returns of a reference asset,
including interest earned on these assets in exchange for amounts that are based on prevailing market funding rates. These cash settlements are
made regardless of whether there is a credit event. Upon the occurrence of a credit event, the parties may either exchange cash payments
according to the value of the defaulted assets or exchange cash based on the notional amount for physical delivery of the defaulted assets.
Equity derivatives
Equity swaps are OTC contracts in which one counterparty agrees to pay, or receive from the other, cash amounts based on changes in the value of
a stock index, a basket of stocks or a single stock in exchange for amounts that are based either on prevailing market funding rates or changes in
the value of a different stock index, basket of stocks or a single stock. These contracts generally include payments in respect of dividends.
Equity options give the purchaser of the option, for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to buy from or sell to the writer of an option, an
underlying stock index, basket of stocks, or a single stock at a contracted price. Options are transacted in both OTC and exchange markets.
Equity index futures are standardized contracts transacted on an exchange. They are based on an agreement to pay or receive a cash
amount based on the difference between the contracted price level of an underlying stock index and its corresponding market price level at a
specified future date. There is generally no actual delivery of stocks that comprise the underlying index. These contracts are in standard amounts
with standard settlement dates.
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives
We also transact in other derivative products, including commodity forwards, futures, swaps and options, such as precious metal and energy-
related products in both OTC and exchange markets.
158 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Notional amounts
The notional amounts are not recorded as assets or liabilities, as they represent the face amount of the contract to which a rate or price is applied to
determine the amount of cash flows to be exchanged. In most cases, notional amounts do not represent the potential gain or loss associated with
market or credit risk of such instruments.
The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative instruments:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
2022
Interest rate derivatives
Over-the-counter
Forward rate agreements
Centrally cleared forward rate agreements
Swap contracts
Centrally cleared swap contracts
Purchased options
Written options
Exchange-traded
Futures contracts
Purchased options
Written options
Total interest rate derivatives
Foreign exchange derivatives
Over-the-counter
Forward contracts
Swap contracts
Purchased options
Written options
Exchange-traded
Futures contracts
Purchased options
Written options
Residual term to contractual maturity
Less
than
1 year
1 to
5 years
Over
5 years
Total
notional
amounts
Trading
ALM
Trading
ALM
$
8,698 $
1,350 $
74,442
53,262
1,739,841
20,027
19,445
14,268
138,183
2,403,089
10,030
8,726
– $
–
89,592
988,320
713
922
10,048 $
88,710
281,037
5,131,250
30,770
29,093
8,802 $
88,710
264,672
4,395,595
29,906
29,005
1,246 $
–
16,365
735,655
864
88
–
111,616
246,336
3,930,263
20,160
16,926
1,915,715
2,575,646
1,079,547
5,570,908
4,816,690
754,218
4,325,301
$
11,326
–
21,689
596,448
290
103
629,856
40,328
1,502
2
41,832
3,302
–
–
3,302
–
–
–
–
43,630
1,502
2
45,134
43,600
1,502
2
45,104
30
–
–
30
109,493
6
1,006
110,505
22
–
–
22
1,957,547
2,578,948
1,079,547
5,616,042
4,861,794
754,248
4,435,806
629,878
619,863
180,391
32,603
32,101
864,958
64
185
289
538
23,488
255,751
2,401
10,952
292,592
1,192
154,647
22
–
155,861
644,543
590,789
35,026
43,053
636,536
516,001
35,005
41,981
1,313,411
1,229,523
8,007
74,788
21
1,072
83,888
719,885
497,830
25,734
29,158
1,272,607
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
64
185
289
538
64
185
289
538
–
–
–
–
42
–
–
42
7,192
71,357
1
646
79,196
–
–
–
–
Total foreign exchange derivatives
865,496
292,592
155,861
1,313,949
1,230,061
83,888
1,272,649
79,196
Credit derivatives
Over-the-counter
Credit default swap contracts – protection
purchased
Centrally cleared credit default swap
contracts – protection purchased
Credit default swap contracts – protection sold
Centrally cleared credit default swap
contracts – protection sold
Total credit derivatives
Equity derivatives
Over-the-counter
Exchange-traded
Total equity derivatives
Precious metal and other commodity derivatives
Over-the-counter
Centrally cleared commodity derivatives
Exchange-traded
Total precious metal and other commodity derivatives
Total notional amount of which:
Over-the-counter (1)
Exchange-traded
854
71
751
35
1,711
94,797
97,025
191,822
32,155
152
20,878
53,185
648
626
857
802
2,933
71,828
24,050
95,878
29,576
317
10,528
40,421
371
51
128
426
976
1,294
539
1,833
671
–
184
855
1,873
1,854
748
1,736
1,263
5,620
167,919
121,614
289,533
62,402
469
31,590
94,461
748
1,736
1,263
5,601
166,539
121,614
288,153
62,400
469
31,590
94,459
19
–
–
–
19
1,380
–
1,380
2
–
–
2
2,195
1,801
1,029
698
5,723
119,327
109,486
228,813
53,926
56
36,427
90,409
$ 3,069,761 $ 3,010,772 $ 1,239,072 $ 7,319,605 $ 6,480,068 $ 839,537 $ 6,033,400
5,776,940
256,460
2,972,892
37,880
7,120,729
198,876
2,909,488
160,273
6,281,222
198,846
1,238,349
723
839,507
30
19
54
–
–
73
1,572
–
1,572
11
–
–
11
$ 710,730
710,708
22
(1) For OTC derivatives that are not centrally cleared, $1,757.1 billion (2022: $1,695.3 billion) are with counterparties that have two-way collateral posting arrangements,
$44.6 billion (2022: $53.0 billion) are with counterparties that have one-way collateral posting arrangements, and $96.6 billion (2022: $98.4 billion) are with counterparties
that have no collateral posting arrangements. Counterparties with whom we have more than insignificant OTC derivative portfolios and one-way collateral posting
arrangements are either sovereign entities or supra national financial institutions.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 159
Consolidated financial statements
Risk
In the following sections, we discuss the risks related to the use of derivatives and how we manage these risks.
Market risk
Derivatives are financial instruments where valuation is linked to changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity, commodity, credit prices,
volatilities, indices or other underlying factors. Changes in value as a result of the aforementioned risk factors are referred to as market risk.
Market risk arising from derivative trading activities is managed in order to mitigate risk in line with CIBC’s risk appetite. To manage market
risk, we set market risk limits and may enter into hedging transactions.
Credit risk
Credit risk arises from the potential for a counterparty to default on its contractual obligations and the possibility that prevailing market conditions are
such that a loss would occur in replacing the defaulted transaction.
We limit the credit risk of OTC derivatives through the use of ISDA master netting agreements, collateral, CCPs and other credit mitigation
techniques. We clear eligible derivatives through CCPs in accordance with various global initiatives. Where feasible, we novate existing bilaterally
negotiated and settled derivatives to a CCP in an effort to reduce CIBC’s credit risk exposure. We establish counterparty credit limits and limits for CCP
exposures based on a counterparty’s creditworthiness and the type of trading relationship with each counterparty (underlying agreements, business
volumes, product types, tenors, etc.).
We negotiate netting agreements to contain the build-up of credit exposure resulting from multiple transactions with more active
counterparties. Such agreements provide for the simultaneous close-out and netting of all transactions with a counterparty, in the case of a
counterparty default. A number of these agreements incorporate a Credit Support Annex, which is a bilateral security agreement that, among other
things, provides for the exchange of collateral between parties in the event that one party’s exposure to the other exceeds agreed upon thresholds.
Credit risk on exchange-traded futures and options is limited, as these transactions are standardized contracts executed on established
exchanges, whose CCPs assume the obligations of both counterparties. Similarly, swaps that are centrally cleared represent limited credit risk
because these transactions are novated to the CCP, which assumes the obligations of the original bilateral counterparty. All exchange-traded and
centrally cleared contracts are subject to initial margin and daily settlement of variation margins, designed to protect participants from losses
incurred from a counterparty default.
A CVA is determined using the fair value based exposure we have on derivative contracts. We believe that we have made appropriate fair
value adjustments to date. The establishment of fair value adjustments involves estimates that are based on accounting processes and judgments
by management. We evaluate the adequacy of the fair value adjustments on an ongoing basis. Market and economic conditions relating to
derivative counterparties may change in the future, which could result in significant future losses.
The following table summarizes our credit exposure arising from derivatives, which includes the current replacement cost, credit equivalent amount
and risk-weighted amount.
For the majority of OTC derivative transactions, we use the internal model method (IMM) for the determination of the EAD, using models that
simulate the underlying risk factors and reflect netting and collateral agreements. For the minority of derivative transactions where we do not have
regulatory approval to use IMM, we used the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk (SA-CCR).
160 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Credit
equivalent
amount (2)
Risk-
weighted
amount
Current replacement cost (1)
Credit
equivalent
Trading
ALM
Total
amount (2)
$
7 $
2
$
$
–
$–
$
Consolidated financial statements
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
Current replacement cost
(1)
Trading
ALM
Total
Interest rate derivatives
Over-the-counter
Forward rate agreements
Swap contracts
Purchased options
Written options
Exchange-traded
Foreign exchange derivatives
Over-the-counter
Forward contracts
Swap contracts
Purchased options
Written options
Exchange-traded
Credit derivatives
Over-the-counter
Credit default swap contracts
– protection purchased
– protection sold
Equity derivatives
Over-the-counter
Exchange-traded
Precious metal and other commodity
derivatives
Over-the-counter
Exchange-traded
RWA related to non-trade exposures
to central counterparties
RWA related to CVA charge
$
1
1,152
5
1
1,159
1
1,160
1,551
413
202
31
2,197
–
2,197
2
10
12
385
351
736
1,553
13
1,566
$
– $
36
–
–
36
–
36
369
499
–
–
868
–
868
4
–
4
10
–
10
–
–
–
1
1,188
5
1
1,195
1
1,196
1,920
912
202
31
3,065
–
3,065
6
10
16
395
351
746
1,553
13
1,566
2,540
29
18
2,594
78
2,672
5,123
2,885
495
162
8,665
585
9,250
105
34
139
3,972
3,147
7,119
2,763
2,069
4,832
656
14
7
679
2
681
1,753
794
227
58
2,832
23
–
939
21
–
960
–
960
1,966
366
325
29
2,686
–
2,855
2,686
2
–
2
124
10
134
3,801
12
3,813
18
15
33
952
103
1,055
1,205
83
1,288
337
5,949
2022
Risk-
weighted
amount
$
2
422
16
3
443
7
450
1,922
721
267
46
2,956
–
979
21
–
1,000
–
1,000
2,540
760
325
29
3,654
–
7
2,223
35
7
2,272
198
2,470
6,293
2,928
767
139
10,127
–
3,654
10,127
2,956
2
–
2
175
10
185
3,801
12
3,813
164
44
208
3,788
2,546
6,334
6,051
3,060
9,111
19
11
30
926
87
1,013
1,655
122
1,777
366
6,696
40
–
–
40
–
40
574
394
–
–
968
–
968
–
–
–
51
–
51
–
–
–
Total derivatives
$ 5,671
$ 918 $ 6,589
$ 24,012 $ 12,198
$ 7,595 $ 1,059 $ 8,654 $ 28,250
$ 13,288
(1) Current replacement cost reflects the current mark-to-market (MTM) value of derivatives offset by eligible financial collateral, where present.
(2) Under IMM, expected effective positive exposure (EEPE) is used, which computes, through simulation, the expected exposures with consideration to the expected
movements in underlying risk factor and netting/collateral agreements. The EAD is calculated as EEPE multiplied by the prescribed alpha factor of 1.4. The EAD under
SA-CCR is calculated as the sum of replacement cost and potential future exposure, multiplied by the prescribed alpha factor of 1.4.
The following table presents the current replacement cost of derivatives by geographic region based on the location of the derivative counterparty:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
Canada
U.S.
Other
countries
Total
Canada
U.S.
Other
countries
2022
Total
Derivative instruments
By counterparty type
Financial institutions
Governments
Corporate
$ 1,509
829
853
$ 1,029
–
1,168
$
651
51
499
$ 3,189
880
2,520
$ 1,245
1,016
1,167
$
223
–
3,247
$ 1,151
35
570
$ 2,619
1,051
4,984
Total derivative instruments
$ 3,191
$ 2,197
$ 1,201
$ 6,589
$ 3,428
$ 3,470
$ 1,756
$ 8,654
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 161
Consolidated financial statements
Note 13 Designated accounting hedges
Hedge accounting
We apply hedge accounting as part of managing the market risk of certain non-trading portfolios arising from changes due to interest rates, foreign
exchange rates, and equity market prices. See the shaded sections in “Non-trading activities” in the MD&A for further information on our risk
management strategy for these risks. See Note 12 for further information on the derivatives used by CIBC.
Interest rate risk
The majority of our derivative contracts used to hedge certain exposures to benchmark interest rate risk are interest rate swaps. For fair value
hedges, we convert our fixed interest rate exposures from the hedged financial instruments to floating interest rate exposures. For cash flow
hedges, we convert certain exposures to cash flow variability from our variable rate instruments to fixed interest rate exposures.
Foreign currency risk
For our fair value hedges, we mainly use various combinations of cross-currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps to hedge our
exposures to foreign currency risk together with interest rate risk, converting our fixed foreign currency rate exposures to floating functional currency
rate exposures.
For our cash flow hedges, the majority of our derivative contracts are used to hedge our exposures to cash flow variability arising from
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and mainly consist of cross-currency interest rate swaps.
For NIFO hedges, we use a combination of foreign denominated deposit liabilities and foreign exchange forwards to manage our foreign
currency exposure of our NIFOs with a functional currency other than the Canadian dollar.
Equity price risk
We use cash-settled TRS in designated cash flow hedge relationships to hedge changes in CIBC’s share price in respect of certain cash-settled
share-based compensation awards. Note 17 provides details on our cash-settled share-based compensation plans.
For the hedge relationships described above, hedge effectiveness is assessed at the inception of the hedge relationship and on an ongoing basis,
primarily using the dollar offset method. The sources of hedge ineffectiveness are mainly attributed to the following:
Utilization of hedging instruments that have a non-zero fair value at the inception of the hedge relationship;
Differences in fixed rates, when contractual coupons of the fixed rate hedged items are designated;
Differences in the discounting factors between the hedged item and the hedging instruments arising from different rate reset frequencies and
timing of cash flows; and
Differences in the discount curves to determine the basis adjustments of the hedged items and the fair value of the hedging derivatives,
including from the application of OIS and CVA to the valuation of derivatives when they are applicable.
162 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Designated hedging instruments
The following table provides a summary of financial instruments designated as hedging instruments:
$ millions, as at October 31
2023 Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Notional
amount of
the hedging
instrument
(1)
Maturity range
Fair value of the
hedging derivatives
Less than
1 year
1-5
years
Over 5
years
Assets
Liabilities
Gains (losses) on
changes in fair value
used for calculating
hedge ineffectiveness
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
$
30,110
$
15,853 $
14,257 $
– $
884 $
796
$
609
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Equity share price risk
Equity swaps
NIFO hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange forwards
Deposits (2)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaps
38,508
5,542
32,775
1,227
499
728
191
–
–
3
$
69,845
$
21,894 $
47,760 $
191 $
887 $
$
2,603
31,816
$
2,603 $
31,816
$
34,419
$
34,419 $
– $
–
– $
– $
–
– $
86 $
n/a
86 $
76
100
972
133
n/a
133
(649)
(288)
(328)
(63)
(775)
(838)
$
$
$
$ 209,012
$
60,917 $
93,141 $ 54,954 $
73 $ 1,125
$
1,531
43,676
25,689
15,413
13,127
21,510
9,619
6,753
2,943
1,340
–
1,440
39
$ 278,377
$
89,457 $ 124,270 $ 64,650 $ 1,413 $ 2,604
$ 382,641
$ 145,770 $ 172,030 $ 64,841 $ 2,386 $ 3,709
(73)
326
$
$
1,784
618
2022 Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
$
16,527
$
5,331 $
11,196 $
– $
467 $ 1,008
$
(618)
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Equity share price risk
Equity swaps
NIFO hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange forwards
Deposits (2)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaps
29,660
6,235
23,289
1,413
143
1,270
136
–
–
7
20
38
(964)
(255)
$
47,600
$
11,709 $
35,755 $
136 $
474 $ 1,066
$
(1,837)
$
232
24,793
$
232 $
24,793
$
25,025
$
25,025 $
– $
–
– $
– $
–
– $
5 $
n/a
5 $
3
n/a
3
$
(22)
(2,399)
$
(2,421)
$ 226,764
$
68,457
$ 131,337
$ 26,970
$
89
$
817
$
400
50,555
21,352
21,330
9,023
23,515
10,125
5,710
2,204
1,335
–
3,084
32
$ 298,671
$
98,810
$ 164,977
$ 34,884
$ 1,424
$ 3,933
$ 371,296
$ 135,544
$ 200,732
$ 35,020
$ 1,903
$ 5,002
(130)
(1,316)
$
$
(1,046)
(5,304)
(1) For some hedge relationships, we apply a combination of derivatives to hedge the underlying exposures; therefore, the notional amounts of the derivatives generally
exceed the carrying amount of the hedged items.
(2) Notional amount represents the principal amount of deposits as at October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022.
n/a Not applicable.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 163
Consolidated financial statements
The following table provides the average rate or price of the hedging derivatives:
As at October 31
2023 Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Equity share price risk
Equity swaps
NIFO hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange forwards
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaps
2022 Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Equity share price risk
Equity swaps
NIFO hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange forwards
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
Interest rate swaps
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaps
Average
exchange rate (1)
Average fixed
interest rate (1)
Average
share price
(2)
AUD – CAD
EUR – CAD
GBP – CAD
AUD – CAD
HKD – CAD
EUR – CAD
CHF – CAD
USD – CAD
AUD – CAD
EUR – CAD
GBP – CAD
AUD – CAD
HKD – CAD
EUR – CAD
CHF – CAD
USD – CAD
CAD
USD
0.90
1.44
1.68
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.89
0.18
n/a
CAD
CHF
EUR
GBP
CAD
USD
1.46
1.38
1.34
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.92
1.42
1.68
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.88
0.17
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.81 %
4.86 %
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.41 %
0.38 %
n/a
3.86 %
0.23 %
0.82 %
0.84 %
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.72 %
3.89 %
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
CAD
2.32 %
1.48
1.39
1.28
n/a
n/a
n/a
CHF
EUR
GBP
1.76 %
n/a
3.46 %
(0.14)%
0.01 %
1.02 %
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
$ 66.46
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
$ 68.23
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
(1) Includes average foreign exchange rates and interest rates relating to significant hedging relationships.
(2) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
n/a Not applicable.
164 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Designated hedged items
The following table provides information on designated hedged items:
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
Assets
Liabilities
Assets
Liabilities
Carrying amount of
the hedged item
Accumulated amount
of fair value hedge adjustments
on the hedged item
Gains (losses) on
change in fair
value used for
calculating hedge
ineffectiveness
2023 Cash flow hedges
(1)
Foreign exchange risk
Deposits
Interest rate risk
Loans
Equity share price risk
Share-based payment
NIFO hedges
Fair value hedges (2)
Interest rate risk
Securities
Loans
Deposits
Subordinated indebtedness
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Deposits
2022 Cash flow hedges (1)
Foreign exchange risk
Deposits
Interest rate risk
Loans
Equity share price risk
Share-based payment
NIFO hedges
Fair value hedges (2)
Interest rate risk
Securities
Loans
Deposits
Subordinated indebtedness
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Deposits
$
–
$
16,010
38,508
–
–
$ 38,508
$ 34,419
$ 58,605
43,475
–
–
$
$
$
1,106
17,116
–
–
–
90,317
4,206
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
$
(3,830)
(683)
–
–
$
–
–
(3,278)
(97)
–
21,087
–
(1,447)
$
(609)
$
$
$
650
288
329
838
(1,655)
(297)
329
76
(255)
$ 102,080
$ 115,610
$
(4,513)
$
(4,822)
$
(1,802)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
$
–
$
9,466
29,660
–
1,314
10,780
–
–
$ 29,660
$ 25,025
$ 47,659
36,282
–
–
$
$
$
–
–
112,295
5,893
$
(3,251)
(1,794)
–
–
$
–
–
(4,655)
(265)
–
27,017
–
(1,581)
$ 83,941
$ 145,205
$
(5,045)
$
(6,501)
(1) As at October 31, 2023, the amount remaining in AOCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges was a net loss of $641 million (2022: net loss of $62 million).
(2) As at October 31, 2023, the accumulated fair value hedge net liability adjustment remaining on the consolidated balance sheet related to discontinued fair value hedges
was $159 million (2022: net liability adjustment of $537 million).
n/a Not applicable.
Hedge accounting gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income
Beginning
balance of
AOCI – hedge
reserve (after-tax)
Change in
the value of the
hedging instrument
recognized in
OCI (before-tax)
Amount
reclassified from
accumulated
OCI to income
(before-tax)
(1)
Tax
benefit
(expense)
Ending balance
of AOCI
hedge reserve
(after-tax)
Hedge
ineffectiveness
gains (losses)
recognized
in income
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2023 Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Interest rate risk
Equity share price risk
NIFO hedges – foreign exchange risk
Hedges of net investment in foreign operations
2022 Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange risk
Interest rate risk
Equity share price risk
NIFO hedges – foreign exchange risk
Hedges of net investment in foreign operations
$
$
(13)
(655)
6
(662)
$
(2,136)
(7)
68
76
137
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
609
(649)
(288)
(328)
(838)
(615)
(963)
(255)
$
(628)
200
240
$
5
134
13
$
(27)
(970)
(29)
$
(188)
$ 152
$
(1,026)
–
$
26
$
(2,948)
$
$
607
(18)
160
$
2
258
25
$
(13)
(655)
6
(662)
$
(1,833)
$
749
$ 285
$
(1) During the year ended October 31, 2023, the amount reclassified from AOCI to net income for cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions that were no longer expected to
occur was nil (2022: nil).
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 165
154
$
(2,421)
$
–
$ 131
$
(2,136)
$
615
$
$
$
970
255
1,840
2,421
(3,583)
(1,537)
4,437
293
1,448
$
1,058
$
$
$
$
$
$
–
1
–
1
–
(3)
(1)
–
(4)
–
Consolidated financial statements
Hedge accounting gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of income
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2023
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
2022
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
Foreign exchange / interest rate risk
Note 14
Subordinated indebtedness
Gains (losses)
on the hedging
instruments
Gains (losses) on
the hedged items
attributable
to hedged risk
Hedge
ineffectiveness
gains (losses)
recognized in income
$
1,531
253
$
1,784
$
400
(1,446)
$
(1,046)
$
(1,547)
(255)
$
(1,802)
$
(390)
1,448
$
1,058
$
(16)
(2)
$
(18)
$
$
10
2
12
The debt issues included in the table below are outstanding unsecured obligations of CIBC and its subsidiaries and are subordinated to the claims
of depositors and other creditors as set out in their terms. Foreign currency denominated indebtedness funds foreign currency denominated assets.
All redemptions are subject to regulatory approval.
Terms of subordinated indebtedness
$ millions, as at October 31
Interest
rate %
Contractual
maturity date
At greater of
Canada Yield Price
and par
(1)
Denominated
in foreign
currency
At par
Earliest date redeemable
(5)(10)
(5)(9)
(5)(8)
5.75 (3)
3.45 (5)(6)
8.70
2.95
2.01
11.60
1.96
10.80
4.20
5.33
5.35
8.70
8.70
8.70
Floating
Floating
(15)
(14)
(5)(13)
(5)(11)
(5)(12)
July 11, 2024
(4)
April 4, 2028
May 25, 2029
(4)
June 19, 2029
July 21, 2030
January 7, 2031
April 21, 2031
May 15, 2031
April 7, 2032
January 20, 2033
April 20, 2033
May 25, 2032
(4)
May 25, 2033 (4)
May 25, 2035
(4)
July 31, 2084
August 31, 2085
TT$175 million
$
January 7, 1996
May 15, 2021
April 4, 2023 (7)
June 19, 2024
July 21, 2025
April 21, 2026
April 7, 2027
January 20, 2028
April 20, 2028
July 27, 1990
August 20, 1991
US$38 million
US$10 million
(16)
Subordinated indebtedness sold short (held) for trading purposes
2023
2022
Par
value
36
–
25
1,500
1,000
200
1,000
150
1,000
1,000
750
25
25
25
53
13
6,802
3
Carrying
value
(2)
$
36
–
30
1,501
793
200
1,000
145
945
918
750
31
32
33
53
13
6,480
3
$
Par
value
36
1,500
25
1,500
1,000
200
1,000
150
1,000
–
–
25
25
25
52
13
6,551
31
Carrying
value
(2)
$
36
1,487
32
1,426
929
174
916
129
963
–
–
34
34
36
52
13
6,261
31
$ 6,805
$ 6,483
$ 6,582
$ 6,292
(1)
Canada Yield Price: a price calculated at the time of redemption to provide a yield to maturity equal to the yield of a Government of Canada bond of appropriate maturity
plus a pre-determined spread.
Carrying values of fixed-rate subordinated indebtedness notes reflect the impact of interest rate hedges in an effective hedge relationship.
(2)
(3) Guaranteed Subordinated Term Notes in Trinidad and Tobago dollars issued on July 11, 2018 by FirstCaribbean International Bank (Trinidad & Tobago) Limited, a
(4)
(5)
(6)
subsidiary of CIBC FirstCaribbean, and guaranteed on a subordinated basis by CIBC FirstCaribbean.
Not redeemable prior to maturity date.
Debentures are also subject to a non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) provision, necessary for the Debentures to qualify as Tier 2 regulatory capital under Basel III. As
such, the Debentures are automatically converted into common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event as described in the capital adequacy guidelines. In such
an event, the Debentures are convertible into a number of common shares, determined by dividing 150% of the par value plus accrued and unpaid interest by the
average common share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplements) subject to a minimum price of $2.50 per share (subject to adjustment in certain events
as defined in the relevant prospectus supplements).
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 1.00% above the three-month Canadian dollar
bankers’ acceptance rate.
(7) On April 4, 2023, we redeemed all $1.5 billion of our 3.45% Debentures due April 4, 2028. In accordance with their terms, the Debentures were redeemed at 100% of
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
their principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon.
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 1.18% above the three-month Canadian dollar
bankers’ acceptance rate.
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 1.28% above the three-month Canadian dollar
bankers’ acceptance rate.
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at a rate of 0.56% above the three-month Canadian dollar
bankers’ acceptance rate.
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at Daily Compounded CORRA plus 1.69%.
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at Daily Compounded CORRA plus 2.37%.
Interest rate is fixed at the indicated rate until the earliest date redeemable at par by CIBC and, thereafter, at Daily Compounded CORRA plus 2.23%.
Interest rate is based on the six-month US$ LIBOR plus 0.25%. After June 30, 2023, we used the six-month US$ LIBOR published on Bloomberg using an
unrepresentative “synthetic” methodology, as per the April 3, 2023 FCA announcement.
Interest rate is based on the six-month US$ LIBOR plus 0.125%. After June 30, 2023, we used the six-month US$ LIBOR published on Bloomberg using an
unrepresentative “synthetic” methodology, as per the April 3, 2023 FCA announcement.
(16) Nil (2022: US$1 million) of this issue was repurchased and cancelled during 2023.
166 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Note 15 Common and preferred shares and other equity instruments
The following table presents the number of common and preferred shares outstanding and dividends paid, and other equity instruments and
distributions paid thereon:
Common and preferred shares outstanding and other equity instruments
$ millions, except number of shares and per share
amounts, as at or for the year ended October 31
Common shares (1)
Class A Preferred Shares
Series 39
Series 41
Series 43
Series 45 (2)
Series 47 (3)
Series 49
Series 51
Series 56
Treasury shares – common shares
Treasury shares – preferred shares
Other Equity Instruments
Limited recourse capital notes Series 1 (4)
Limited recourse capital notes Series 2
(6)
Limited recourse capital notes Series 3 (7)
Shares outstanding
2023
Dividends and
distributions paid
Shares outstanding
2022
Dividends and
distributions paid
Number
of shares
Amount
Amount
$ per
share
Number
of shares
Amount
Amount
$ per
share
931,078,785
$ 16,080
$ 3,149
$
3.440
905,993,892
$ 14,723
$ 2,954
$ 3.270
16,000,000
12,000,000
12,000,000
–
18,000,000
13,000,000
10,000,000
600,000
20,156
(18)
400
300
300
–
450
325
250
600
15
12
9
–
25
17
13
49
0.93
0.98
0.79
–
1.38
1.30
1.29
82.12
16,000,000
12,000,000
12,000,000
–
18,000,000
13,000,000
10,000,000
600,000
400
300
300
–
450
325
250
600
15
12
9
26
20
17
13
–
0.93
0.98
0.79
0.83
1.13
1.30
1.29
–
$
$
$
$
$
2,625
$
140
2
–
750
750
800
$
$
$
33
30
64
4.375% (5)
4.000% (5)
7.150% (5)
46,205
(1,995)
$
$
$
$
$
2,625
$
112
3
(2)
750
750
800
$
$
$
33
26
–
4.375% (5)
4.000% (5)
7.150%
(5)
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
(2) Series 45 preferred shares were redeemed on July 29, 2022.
(3) The dividend on the Series 47 shares was reset to 5.878%, payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board of Directors, effective for the five-year period
commencing January 31, 2023.
(4) See the “4.375% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 1 Notes)” section below for details.
(5) Represents the annual interest rate percentage applicable to the LRCNs issued as at October 31 for each respective year.
(6) See the “4.000% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 2 Notes)” section below for details.
(7) See the “7.150% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 3 Notes)” section below for details.
Common shares
CIBC’s authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares, without nominal or par value.
Common shares issued
$ millions, except number of shares, as at or for the year ended October 31
Balance at beginning of year (1)
Issuance pursuant to:
Equity-settled share-based compensation plans
Shareholder investment plan
(3)
Employee share purchase plan
(2)
Purchase of common shares for cancellation
Treasury shares
Balance at end of year
(1)
Number
of shares
906,040,097
548,516
21,455,322
3,081,055
931,124,990
–
(26,049)
931,098,941
2023
Amount
$ 14,726
27
1,155
176
$ 16,084
–
(2)
$ 16,082
Number
of shares
901,655,952
1,559,629
2,272,831
2,302,876
907,791,288
(1,800,000)
48,809
906,040,097
2022
Amount
$ 14,351
85
153
163
$ 14,752
(29)
3
$ 14,726
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
(2) Includes the settlement of contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions.
(3) Commencing with the dividends paid on January 27, 2023, the participants in the Dividend Reinvestment Option and Stock Dividend Option of the Shareholder Investment
Plan received a 2% discount from average market price on dividends reinvested in additional common shares issued from Treasury.
Share split
In February 2022, CIBC’s Board of Directors approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares to
be effected through an amendment to CIBC’s by-laws. On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved the Share Split. Each shareholder of record at
the close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the
Record Date. All common share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively
applied to the beginning of 2022.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 167
Consolidated financial statements
Common shares reserved for issue
As at October 31, 2023, 25,367,456 common shares (2022: 25,579,546) were reserved for future issue pursuant to stock option plans, 44,946,857
common shares (2022: 21,402,179) were reserved for future issue pursuant to the Shareholder Investment Plan, 6,357,857 common shares (2022:
11,147,755) were reserved for future issue pursuant to the ESPP and other activities, and 5,825,898,000 common shares (2022: 5,663,395,500) were
reserved for future issue pursuant to instruments which include an NVCC provision requiring conversion into common shares upon the occurrence of a
Trigger Event as described in the capital adequacy guidelines.
Normal course issuer bid
Our normal course issuer bid expired on December 12, 2022. Under this bid, we purchased and cancelled 1,800,000 common shares (on a post
share basis) at an average price of $74.43 for a total amount of $134 million during the first quarter of 2022.
Preferred shares and other equity instruments
CIBC is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Class A Preferred Shares and Class B Preferred Shares without nominal or par value, issuable in
series, provided that, for each class of preferred shares, the maximum aggregate consideration for all outstanding shares at any time does not
exceed $10 billion. There are no Class B Preferred Shares currently outstanding.
Preferred share and other equity instruments rights and privileges
Class A Preferred Shares
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 39, 41, 43, 47, 49, 51, and 56 (NVCC) are redeemable, subject to regulatory approval,
for cash by CIBC on or after the specified redemption dates at the cash redemption prices indicated in the terms of the preferred shares. Class A
Preferred Shares Series 39, 41, 43, 47, 49, and 51 bear quarterly non-cumulative dividends and Series 56 bears semi-annual non-cumulative
dividends.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 39 (NVCC) (Series 39 shares)
On June 11, 2014, we issued 16 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 39 (NVCC) (Series 39 shares) with a par value
of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $400 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of July 31, 2019, the Series 39
shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 3.90%. The dividend was reset to 3.713%, payable quarterly as and when declared
by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing July 31, 2019. On July 31, 2024, and on July 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend
rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.32%.
Holders of the Series 39 shares had the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A
Preferred Shares Series 40 (NVCC) (Series 40 shares), subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2019. As the conditions for conversion were not
met, no Series 40 shares were issued, and all of the Series 39 shares remain outstanding. Holders of the Series 39 shares will have the right to
convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 40 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2024 and on July 31 every five years
thereafter. Holders of the Series 40 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month
Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.32%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 40 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one
basis into Series 39 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2029 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 39 shares at
par on July 31, 2024, and on July 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 40 shares at par on
July 31, 2029, and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 41 (NVCC) (Series 41 shares)
On December 16, 2014, we issued 12 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 41 (NVCC) (Series 41 shares) with a par
value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $300 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of January 31, 2020, the
Series 41 shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 3.75%. The dividend was reset to 3.909%, payable quarterly as and when
declared by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing January 31, 2020. On January 31, 2025, and on January 31 every five years
thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.24%.
Holders of the Series 41 shares had the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A
Preferred Shares Series 42 (NVCC) (Series 42 shares), subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2020. As the conditions for conversion were not
met, no Series 42 shares were issued, and all of the Series 41 shares remain outstanding. Holders of the Series 41 shares will have the right to
convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 42 shares, subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2025 and on January 31 every five
years thereafter. Holders of the Series 42 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month
Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.24%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 42 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one
basis into Series 41 shares, subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2030 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 41 shares at
par on January 31, 2025 and on January 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 42 shares at
par on January 31, 2030 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 43 (NVCC) (Series 43 shares)
On March 11, 2015, we issued 12 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 43 (NVCC) (Series 43 shares) with a par value
of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $300 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of July 31, 2020, the Series 43
shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 3.60%. The dividend was reset to 3.143%, payable quarterly as and when declared
by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing July 31, 2020. On July 31, 2025, and on July 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend
rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.79%.
Holders of the Series 43 shares had the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A
Preferred Shares Series 44 (NVCC) (Series 44 shares), subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2020. As the conditions for conversion were not
met, no Series 44 shares were issued, and all of the Series 43 shares remain outstanding. Holders of the Series 43 shares will have the right to
convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Series 44 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2025 and on July 31 every five years
thereafter. Holders of the Series 44 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month
Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.79%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 44 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one
basis into Series 43 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2030 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
168 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 43 shares at
par on July 31, 2025 and on July 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 44 shares at par on
July 31, 2030 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 45 (NVCC) (Series 45 shares)
On July 29, 2022, we redeemed all 32 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 45 (NVCC) (Series 45 shares), at a
redemption price of $25.00 per Series 45 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $800 million.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 47 (NVCC) (Series 47 shares)
On January 18, 2018, we issued 18 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 47 (NVCC) (Series 47 shares) with a par
value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $450 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of January 31, 2023, the
Series 47 shares paid quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 4.50%. The dividend was reset to 5.878%, payable quarterly as and when
declared by the Board, effective for the five-year period commencing January 31, 2023. On January 31, 2028, and on January 31 every five years
thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 2.45%.
Holders of the Series 47 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A
Preferred Shares Series 48 (NVCC) (Series 48 shares), subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2023 and on January 31 every five years
thereafter. Holders of the Series 48 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month
Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 2.45%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 48 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one
basis into Series 47 shares, subject to certain conditions, on January 31, 2028 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 47 shares at
par on January 31, 2028 and on January 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 48 shares at
par on January 31, 2033 and on January 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 49 (NVCC) (Series 49 shares)
On January 22, 2019, we issued 13 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 49 (NVCC) (Series 49 shares) with a par
value of $25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $325 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of April 30, 2024, the
Series 49 shares pay quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 5.20%. On April 30, 2024, and on April 30 every five years thereafter, the
dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.31%.
Holders of the Series 49 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A
Preferred Shares Series 50 (NVCC) (Series 50 shares), subject to certain conditions, on April 30, 2024 and on April 30 every five years thereafter.
Holders of the Series 50 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of
Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 3.31%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 50 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into
Series 49 shares, subject to certain conditions, on April 30, 2029 and on April 30 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 49 shares at
par on April 30, 2024 and on April 30 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 50 shares at par on
April 30, 2029 and on April 30 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 51 (NVCC) (Series 51 shares)
On June 4, 2019, we issued 10 million Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 51 (NVCC) (Series 51 shares) with a par value of
$25.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $250 million. For the initial five-year period to the earliest redemption date of July 31, 2024, the Series 51
shares pay quarterly cash dividends, as declared, at a rate of 5.15%. On July 31, 2024, and on July 31 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate
will reset to be equal to the then current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.62%.
Holders of the Series 51 shares will have the right to convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into Non-cumulative Floating Rate Class A
Preferred Shares Series 52 (NVCC) (Series 52 shares), subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2024 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Holders of the Series 52 shares will be entitled to receive a quarterly floating rate dividend, if declared, equal to the three-month Government of
Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 3.62%. Holders of the then outstanding Series 52 shares may convert their shares on a one-for-one basis into
Series 51 shares, subject to certain conditions, on July 31, 2029 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 51 shares at
par on July 31, 2024 and on July 31 every five years thereafter; we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 52 shares at par on
July 31, 2029 and on July 31 every five years thereafter.
Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares)
On September 16, 2022, we issued 600,000 Non-cumulative Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 56 (NVCC) (Series 56 shares) with a par
value of $1,000.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $600 million. For the initial five-year period to October 28, 2027, the Series 56 shares pay semi-
annual cash dividends on the 28th day of April and October in each year, as declared, at a rate of 7.361%. The first dividend was paid on
April 28, 2023. On October 28, 2027, and on October 28 every five years thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current
five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.20%.
Subject to regulatory approval and certain provisions of the shares, we may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Series 56 shares at
par during the period from September 28, 2027 to and including October 28, 2027 and during the period from September 28 to and including
October 28 every five years thereafter.
4.375% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 1 Notes)
On September 16, 2020, we issued $750 million principal amount of 4.375% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (NVCC) (subordinated
indebtedness). The LRCN Series 1 Notes mature on October 28, 2080, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.375% per annum (paid semi-annually)
until October 28, 2025. Starting on October 28, 2025, and every five years thereafter until October 28, 2075, the interest rate will be reset to the then
current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.000% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 1 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series
53 (NVCC) (Series 53 shares), which are held in the CIBC LRCN Limited Recourse Trust (Limited Recourse Trust) that is consolidated by CIBC, and as a
result, the Series 53 Preferred Shares are eliminated in CIBC’s consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 169
Consolidated financial statements
amount of, interest on, or redemption price for the LRCN Series 1 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 1 Note holder is limited to that
holder’s proportionate share of the Series 53 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust.
Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 1 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from
September 28 to and including October 28, commencing in 2025, at par.
The LRCN Series 1 Notes and the Series 53 Preferred Shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory
capital under Basel III (see the “NVCC conversion mechanics” section below). Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 53 Preferred
Share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 1 Note holders, into a
variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN Series 1 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and
unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 1 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 1 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series 1 Notes will be
extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
4.000% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 2 Notes)
On September 14, 2021, we issued $750 million principal amount of 4.000% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2 (NVCC) (subordinated
indebtedness). The LRCN Series 2 Notes mature on January 28, 2082, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.000% per annum (paid semi-annually)
until January 28, 2027. Starting on January 28, 2027, and every five years thereafter until January 28, 2077, the interest rate will be reset to the then
current five-year Government of Canada bond yield plus 3.102% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 2 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares
Series 54 (NVCC) (Series 54 shares), which are held in the Limited Recourse Trust that is consolidated by CIBC, and as a result, the Series 54
Preferred Shares are eliminated in CIBC’s consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal amount of,
interest on, or redemption price for the LRCN Series 2 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 2 Note holder is limited to that
holder’s proportionate share of the Series 54 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust.
Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 2 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from
December 28 to and including January 28, commencing on December 28, 2026, at par.
The LRCN Series 2 Notes and the Series 54 Preferred Shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1
regulatory capital under Basel III (see the “NVCC conversion mechanics” section below). Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 54
Preferred Share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 2 Note
holders, into a variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN Series 2 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of,
and accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 2 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 2 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series
2 Notes will be extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
7.150% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (NVCC) (subordinated indebtedness) (LRCN Series 3 Notes)
On June 15, 2022, we issued $800 million principal amount of 7.150% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3 (NVCC) (subordinated
indebtedness). The LRCN Series 3 Notes mature on July 28, 2082, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.150% per annum (paid semi-annually) until
July 28, 2027. Starting on July 28, 2027, and every five years thereafter until July 28, 2077, the interest rate will be reset to the then current five-year
Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.000% per annum.
Concurrently with the issuance of the LRCN Series 3 Notes, we issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class A Preferred Shares
Series 55 (NVCC) (Series 55 shares), which are held in the Limited Recourse Trust that is consolidated by CIBC and, as a result, the Series 55
Preferred Shares are eliminated in CIBC’s consolidated financial statements. In the event of non-payment by CIBC of the principal amount of,
interest on, or redemption price for the LRCN Series 3 Notes when due, the sole remedy of each LRCN Series 3 Note holder is limited to that
holder’s proportionate share of the Series 55 Preferred Shares held in the Limited Recourse Trust.
Subject to regulatory approval, we may redeem the LRCN Series 3 Notes, in whole or in part, every five years during the period from June 28
to and including July 28, commencing on June 28, 2027, at par.
The LRCN Series 3 Notes and the Series 55 Preferred Shares carry standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1
regulatory capital under Basel III (see the “NVCC conversion mechanics” section below). Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, each Series 55
Preferred Share held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted, without the consent of LRCN Series 3 Note
holders, into a variable number of common shares that will be delivered to LRCN Series 3 Note holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and
accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the LRCN Series 3 Notes. All claims of LRCN Series 3 Note holders against CIBC under the LRCN Series 3
Notes will be extinguished upon receipt of such common shares.
Limited Recourse Capital Notes (the Notes)
The Notes are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at our discretion,
as the sole recourse of each Note holder in the event of non-payment will be limited to that holder’s proportionate share of the non-cumulative Rate
Reset Class A Preferred Shares Series 53, 54 and 55 held in the Limited Recourse Trust. The liability component of the Notes has a nominal value
and, as a result, the full proceeds received upon the issuance of the Notes have been presented as equity on the consolidated balance sheet, and
any interest payments paid thereon are accounted for as equity distributions.
NVCC conversion mechanics
Each series of Class A Preferred Shares discussed above are subject to an NVCC provision, necessary for the shares to qualify as regulatory
capital under Basel III. As such, the shares are automatically converted into common shares upon the occurrence of a “Trigger Event”. As
described in the Capital Adequacy Guidelines, a Trigger Event occurs when OSFI determines the bank is or is about to become non-viable and, if
after conversion of all contingent instruments and consideration of any other relevant factors or circumstances, it is reasonably likely that its viability
will be restored or maintained; or if the bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial
government, without which OSFI would have determined the bank to be non-viable. Each such share is convertible into a number of common
shares, determined by dividing the par value of $25.00 (except, $1,000 in the case of the Series 53, 54, 55, and 56 Preferred Shares) plus declared
and unpaid dividends (except for the Series 53, 54 and 55 Preferred Shares while held in the Limited Recourse Trust) by the average common
share price (as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement) subject to a minimum price of $2.50 per share (subject to adjustment in certain
events as defined in the relevant prospectus supplement). We have recorded the Series 39, Series 41, Series 43, Series 47, Series 49, Series 51
and Series 56 shares as equity.
170 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Terms of Class A Preferred Shares
Outstanding as at October 31, 2023
Semi-annually
Quarterly
(1)
dividends per share
dividends per share (1)
Earliest specified
redemption date
Cash redemption
price per share
Series 39
Series 41
Series 43
Series 47
Series 49
Series 51
Series 56
$ 0.232063
July 31, 2024
$
0.244313
0.196438
0.367375
0.325000
0.321875
January 31, 2025
July 31, 2025
January 31, 2028
April 30, 2024
July 31, 2024
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
$ 36.825000
September 28, 2027
1,000.00
(1) Dividends may be adjusted depending on the timing of issuance or redemption.
Restrictions on the payment of dividends
Under Section 79 of the Bank Act (Canada), a bank, including CIBC, is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends on its preferred or
common shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the bank is, or the payment would cause it to be, in contravention of any capital
adequacy or liquidity regulation or any direction to the bank made by OSFI.
In addition, our ability to pay common share dividends is also restricted by the terms of the outstanding preferred shares. These terms provide
that we may not pay dividends on our common shares at any time without the approval of holders of the outstanding preferred shares, unless all
dividends to preferred shareholders that are then payable have been declared and paid or set apart for payment. Our Series 53, 54, and 55
Preferred Shares further limit the payment of dividends on the outstanding Class A Preferred Shares Series 39, 41, 43, 47, 49, 51, and 56 in certain
limited circumstances.
Currently, these limitations do not restrict the payment of dividends on our preferred or common shares.
Capital
Objectives, policy and procedures
Our overall capital management objective is to employ a strong and efficient capital base. We manage capital in accordance with a capital policy
approved by the Board, which includes specific guidelines that relate to capital strength, capital mix, dividends and return of capital, and the
unconsolidated capital adequacy of regulated entities. Capital is monitored continuously for compliance.
Each year, a Capital Plan and three-year outlook are established as a part of the financial plan, and they encompass all material elements of
capital: forecasts of sources and uses of capital including earnings, dividends, business growth, and corporate initiatives, as well as maturities,
redemptions, and issuances of capital instruments. The Capital Plan is stress-tested to ensure that it is sufficiently robust under severe but plausible
stress scenarios. The level of capital and capital ratios are monitored throughout the year including a comparison to the Capital Plan. There were no
significant changes made to the objectives, policy, guidelines and procedures during the year.
Regulatory capital, leverage and total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) requirements
Our regulatory capital requirements are determined in accordance with guidelines issued by OSFI, which are based on the capital standards
developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS).
CIBC has been designated by OSFI as a domestic systemically important bank (D-SIB) in Canada, and is subject to a Common Equity Tier 1
(CET1) surcharge equal to 1.0% of risk-weighted assets (RWA). OSFI also expected D-SIBs to hold a Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) of 3.0% as at
October 31, 2023, which was increased from 2.5% effective February 1, 2023. The resulting targets established by OSFI for D-SIBs, including all
buffer requirements, for CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios of 11.0%, 12.5%, and 14.5%, respectively. On June 20, 2023, OSFI further announced
an increase to the DSB from 3.0% to 3.5%, effective November 1, 2023.
Regulatory capital consists of CET1, Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital includes common shares, retained earnings, AOCI (excluding
AOCI relating to cash flow hedges and changes to FVO liabilities attributable to changes in own credit risk), and qualifying instruments issued by a
consolidated banking subsidiary to third parties, less regulatory adjustments for items such as goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related
deferred tax liabilities), certain deferred tax assets, net assets related to defined benefit pension plans as reported on our consolidated balance
sheet (net of related deferred tax liabilities), and certain investments. Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital primarily includes NVCC preferred shares,
LRCNs, and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties. Tier 2 capital includes NVCC subordinated indebtedness,
eligible general allowance, and qualifying instruments issued by a consolidated subsidiary to third parties.
To supplement risk-based capital requirements, OSFI expects federally regulated deposit-taking institutions to have a leverage ratio, which is a
non-risk-based capital metric, that meets or exceeds 3.5%, including a 0.5% D-SIB buffer.
OSFI also requires D-SIBs to maintain a supervisory target TLAC ratio (which builds on the risk-based capital ratios) and a minimum TLAC
leverage ratio (which builds on the leverage ratio). OSFI expects D-SIBs to have a minimum risk-based TLAC ratio of 21.5% plus the then applicable
DSB requirement (3.0% as noted above), and a minimum TLAC leverage ratio of 7.25%. TLAC consists of regulatory capital and bail-in eligible
liabilities that have residual maturity greater than one year.
These targets may be higher for certain institutions at OSFI’s discretion. During the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, we have
complied with OSFI’s regulatory capital, leverage ratio, and TLAC requirements.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 171
Consolidated financial statements
Our capital, leverage and TLAC ratios are presented in the table below :
(1)
$ millions, as at October 31
CET1 capital
Tier 1 capital
Total capital
Total RWA
CET1 ratio
Tier 1 capital ratio
Total capital ratio
Leverage ratio exposure
(2)
Leverage ratio (2)
TLAC available
TLAC ratio
TLAC leverage ratio
(2)
$
2023
40,327
45,270
52,119
326,120
12.4 %
13.9 %
16.0 %
$
2022
37,005
41,946
48,263
315,634
11.7 %
13.3 %
15.3 %
$ 1,079,103
$ 961,791
4.2 %
4.4 %
$
100,176
$
95,136
30.7 %
9.3 %
30.1 %
9.9 %
A
B
C
A/C
D
D/B
D/C
(1) The 2022 results included the impact of the ECL transitional arrangement announced by OSFI on March 27, 2020, which results in a portion of ECL allowances that would
otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital qualifying for inclusion in CET1 capital subject to certain scalars and limitations. The transitional arrangement was no longer
applicable, beginning in the first quarter of 2023. The 2023 results reflect the impacts from the implementation of Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1,
2023.
(2) The temporary exclusion of Central bank reserves from the leverage ratio exposure measure in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was no longer applicable
in the second quarter of 2023.
Note 16 Capital Trust securities
CIBC Capital Trust was a trust wholly owned by CIBC and established under the laws of the Province of Ontario. CIBC Tier 1 Notes were issued on
March 13, 2009. CIBC Capital Trust was not consolidated by CIBC and the senior deposit notes issued by CIBC to CIBC Capital Trust were reported
as Deposits – Business and government on the consolidated balance sheet.
The Notes were structured to achieve Tier 1 regulatory capital treatment and, as such, had features of equity capital. Under the OSFI Capital
Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, any Tier 1 Notes outstanding as of November 1, 2021 would not be recognized as regulatory capital.
With OSFI’s prior approval, on November 1, 2021, CIBC Capital Trust redeemed its remaining $300 million of Tier 1 Notes at 100% of their principal
amount together with accrued and unpaid interest up to but excluding the redemption date. As a result of the redemption of the Tier 1 Notes by
CIBC Capital Trust, CIBC also redeemed the corresponding senior deposit notes issued by CIBC to CIBC Capital Trust on November 1, 2021.
Note 17
Share-based payments
We provide the following share-based compensation to certain employees and directors in the form of cash-settled or equity-settled awards.
Restricted share award plan(1)
Under the RSA plan, share unit equivalents (RSA units) are granted to certain key employees on an annual basis or during the year as special
grants. RSA grants are made in the form of cash-settled awards which generally vest and settle in cash either at the end of three years or one-third
annually beginning one year after the date of the grant. Dividend equivalents on RSA units are paid in cash or in the form of additional RSA units to
the employees at the end of the vesting period or settlement date.
Grant date fair value of each cash-settled RSA unit granted is calculated based on the average closing price per common share on the
Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) for the 10 trading days prior to a date specified in the grant terms. Upon vesting, each RSA unit is settled in cash
based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to the vesting date.
During the year, 6,687,379 RSAs were granted at a weighted-average price of $63.78 (2022: 5,656,353 granted at a weighted-average price of
$73.43) and the number of RSAs outstanding as at October 31, 2023 was 18,281,700 (2022: 17,022,399). Compensation expense in respect of
RSAs, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price, totalled $224 million in 2023 (2022: $247 million). As at October 31, 2023, liabilities
in respect of RSAs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $829 million (2022: $973 million).
Performance share unit plan
(1)
Under the PSU plan, awards are granted to certain key employees on an annual basis in December. PSU grants are made in the form of cash-
settled awards which vest and settle in cash at the end of three years. Dividend equivalents on PSUs are provided in the form of additional PSUs.
The grant date fair value of each cash-settled PSU is calculated based on the average closing price per common share on the TSX for the
10 trading days prior to a date specified in the grant terms. The final number of PSUs that vest will range from 75% to 125% of the initial number
awarded based on CIBC’s performance relative to the other major Canadian banks. Upon vesting, each PSU is settled in cash based on the
average closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to the vesting date.
During the year, 1,842,253 PSUs were granted at a weighted-average price of $64.28 (2022: 1,652,812 granted at a weighted-average price of
$73.77). As at October 31, 2023, the number of PSUs outstanding, before the impact of CIBC’s relative performance, was 5,762,949 (2022:
5,501,190). Compensation expense in respect of PSUs, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price, totalled $56 million in 2023 (2022:
$90 million). As at October 31, 2023, liabilities in respect of PSUs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $277 million (2022: $341 million).
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
172 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Exchangeable shares
As part of our acquisition of Wellington Financial in the first quarter of 2018, equity-settled awards in the form of exchangeable shares, which vested
over a period of up to five years and had specific service and non-market performance vesting conditions, were issued to selected employees.
Employees received dividend equivalents in the form of additional common shares upon vesting. Compensation expense in respect of the
exchangeable shares was based on the grant date fair value, adjusted for the impact of best estimates on the satisfaction of the service
requirements and non-market performance conditions. At the acquisition, each exchangeable share was granted at $123.99, and the number of
exchangeable shares outstanding that were not vested as at October 31, 2023 was nil (2022: 100,907). The number of exchangeable shares
outstanding were not impacted by the two-for-one share split of CIBC common shares that was effective at the close of business on May 13, 2022;
however, employees received additional common shares upon exchange to reflect the share split. Compensation expense in respect of
exchangeable shares totalled $1 million in 2023 (2022: $3 million).
Deferred share unit plan/deferred compensation plan(1)
Under the DSU plan and DCP plan, certain employees can elect to receive DSUs in exchange for cash compensation that they would otherwise be
entitled to. In addition, certain key employees are granted DSUs during the year as special grants. DSUs are generally fully vested upon grant or
vest in accordance with the vesting schedule defined in the grant agreement and settle in cash on a date within the period specified in the plan
terms. Employees receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional DSUs.
Grant date fair value of each cash settled DSU that is not granted under the DCP is calculated based on the average closing price per
common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to a date specified in the grant terms. These DSUs are settled in cash based on the average
closing price per common share on the TSX for the 10 trading days prior to the payout date and after the employee’s termination of employment.
The grant date fair value for DCP grants is based on the closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on the last day of the calendar
quarter. Upon distribution, each DSU is settled in cash based on the average closing price per common share on the NYSE for the 10 trading days
prior to the date of the distribution.
During the year, 310,647 DSUs were granted at a weighted-average price of $64.15 (2022: 315,545 granted at a weighted-average price of
$73.54) and the number of DSUs outstanding as at October 31, 2023 was 2,048,785 (2022: 2,079,118). Compensation expense in respect of DSUs,
before the impact of hedging for changes in share price, totalled ($5) million in 2023 (2022: $2 million). As at October 31, 2023, liabilities in respect
of DSUs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $135 million (2022: $147 million).
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
Directors’ plans
Each director who is not an officer or employee of CIBC may elect to receive: 1) the annual equity retainer as either DSUs or common shares, under
the Director DSU/Common Share Election Plan and 2) all or a portion of their remuneration in the form of cash, common shares or DSUs under the
Non-Officer Director Share Plan.
The value of DSUs credited to a director is payable when he or she is no longer a director or employee of CIBC or of an affiliate of CIBC, and
for directors subject to section 409A of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the director is not providing any services to CIBC or
any member of its controlled group as an independent contractor. In addition, under the Director DSU/Common Share Election Plan, the value of
DSUs is payable only if the director is not related to, or affiliated with, CIBC as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada).
Other non-interest expense in respect of the DSU components, before the impact of hedging for changes in share price of these plans, totalled
($1) million in 2023 (2022: ($4) million). As at October 31, 2023, liabilities in respect of DSUs, which are included in Other liabilities, were $15 million
(2022: $26 million).
Stock option plans
Under the ESOP, stock options are periodically granted to certain key employees. Options provide the employee with the right to purchase common
shares from CIBC at a fixed price not less than the closing price of the shares on the trading day immediately preceding the grant date. In general,
the options vest by the end of the fourth year and expire 10 years from the grant date.
The following tables summarize the activities of the stock options and provide additional details related to stock options outstanding and vested.
As at or for the year ended October 31
Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted
Exercised
(3)
Forfeited
Cancelled/expired
Outstanding at end of year
Exercisable at end of year
Available for grant
Reserved for future issue
Number
of stock
options
(1)
11,438,024
3,490,610
(212,090)
(28,465)
–
14,688,079
5,807,176
10,679,377
25,367,456
2023
Weighted-
average
exercise
price
(1)
(2)
$ 57.73
59.39
27.20
62.09
–
$ 58.47
$ 54.42
Number
of stock
(1)
options
10,295,854
2,565,310
(1,362,340)
(60,800)
–
11,438,024
4,381,128
14,141,522
25,579,546
2022
Weighted-
average
exercise
price (1)
$ 53.34
70.05
48.42
56.08
–
$ 57.73
$ 53.03
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. The number of stock options and
the weighted-average exercise price have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split such that the value of the outstanding and vested stock options to the employees was
not impacted by the Share Split.
(2) For foreign currency-denominated options granted and exercised during the year, the weighted-average exercise prices are translated using exchange rates as at the
grant date and settlement date, respectively. The weighted-average exercise price of outstanding balances as at October 31, 2023 reflects the conversion of foreign
currency-denominated options at the year-end exchange rate.
(3) The weighted-average share price at the date of exercise was $59.49 (2022: $76.35).
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 173
Consolidated financial statements
As at October 31, 2023
Stock options outstanding (1)
Stock options vested (1)
Range of exercise prices
$1.00 – $30.00
$30.01 – $40.00
$40.01 – $50.00
$50.01 – $60.00
$60.01 – $70.00
$70.01 – $80.00
Number
outstanding
20,928
169,312
678,030
10,087,139
1,179,426
2,553,244
14,688,079
Weighted-
average
contractual life
remaining
0.33
1.86
1.44
6.72
4.12
8.10
6.44
Weighted-
average
exercise
price
$ 25.60
31.70
47.71
56.61
60.01
70.05
$
58.47
Number
outstanding
20,928
169,312
678,030
3,759,480
1,179,426
–
5,807,176
Weighted-
average
exercise
price
$ 25.60
31.70
47.71
55.05
60.01
70.05
$ 54.42
The fair value of options granted during the year was measured at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Model assumptions
are based on observable market data for the risk-free interest rate and dividend yield, contractual terms for the exercise price, and historical
experience for expected life. Volatility assumptions are best estimates of market implied volatility matching the exercise price and expected life of
the options.
The following weighted-average assumptions were used as inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options
on the date of grant:
For the year ended October 31
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate
Expected dividend yield
Expected share price volatility
Expected life
Share price/exercise price (1)
2023
2022
3.27 %
6.84 %
19.86 %
1.84 %
5.80 %
18.03 %
6 years
59.39
$
6 years
70.05
$
For 2023, the weighted-average grant date fair value of options was $4.41 (2022: $4.68).
(1)
Compensation expense in respect of stock options totalled $12 million in 2023 (2022: $21 million).
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
Employee share purchase plan
Under our Canadian ESPP, qualifying employees can choose each year to have any portion of their eligible earnings withheld to purchase common
shares. We match 50% of the employee contribution amount, up to a maximum contribution of 3% of eligible earnings, subject to a ceiling of
$2,250 annually. CIBC contributions vest after employees have two years of continuous participation in the plan, and all subsequent contributions
vest immediately. Similar programs exist in other regions globally, where each year qualifying employees can choose to have a portion of their
eligible earnings withheld to purchase common shares and receive a matching employer contribution subject to each plan’s provisions. Employee
contributions to our ESPP are used to purchase common shares from Treasury. CIBC FirstCaribbean operates an ESPP locally, in which
contributions are used by the plan trustee to purchase CIBC FirstCaribbean common shares in the open market.
Our contributions are expensed as incurred and totalled $60 million in 2023 (2022: $57 million).
Note 18
Post-employment benefits
We sponsor pension and other post-employment benefit plans for eligible employees in a number of jurisdictions including Canada, the U.S., the
U.K., and the Caribbean. Our pension plans include registered funded defined benefit pension plans, supplemental arrangements that provide
pension benefits in excess of statutory limits, and defined contribution plans. We also provide certain health-care, life insurance, and other benefits
to eligible employees and retired members. Plan assets and defined benefit obligations related to our defined benefit plans are measured for
accounting purposes as at October 31 each year.
Plan characteristics, funding and risks
Pension plans
Pension plans include CIBC’s Canadian, U.S., U.K., and Caribbean pension plans. CIBC’s Canadian pension plans represent approximately 90% of
our consolidated defined benefit obligation. All of our Canadian pension plans are defined benefit plans, the most significant of which is our
principal Canadian pension plan (the CIBC Pension Plan), which encompasses approximately 66,000 active, deferred, and retired members.
The CIBC Pension Plan provides members with monthly pension income at retirement based on a prescribed plan formula which is based on a
combination of maximum yearly pensionable earnings, average earnings at retirement and length of service recognized in the plan. There is a
two-year waiting period for members to join the CIBC Pension Plan.
The CIBC Pension Plan is funded through a separate trust. Actuarial funding valuations are prepared by the Plan’s external actuary at least
once every three years or more frequently as required by Canadian pension legislation to determine CIBC’s minimum funding requirements as well
as maximum permitted contributions. Any deficits determined in the funding valuations must generally be funded over a period not exceeding
fifteen years. CIBC’s pension funding policy is to make at least the minimum annual required contributions required by regulations. Any contributions
in excess of the minimum requirements are discretionary.
The CIBC Pension Plan is registered with OSFI and the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and is subject to the acts and regulations that govern
federally regulated pension plans.
174 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Other post-employment plans
Other post-employment plans include CIBC’s Canadian, U.S. and Caribbean post-retirement health-care benefit plans (referred to for disclosure
purposes as other post-employment plans). CIBC’s Canadian other post-employment plan (the Canadian post-employment plan) represents more
than 93% of our consolidated other post-employment defined benefit obligation.
The Canadian post-employment plan provides medical, dental and life insurance benefits to retirees that meet specified eligibility
requirements, including specified age and service period eligibility requirements. CIBC reimburses 100% of the cost of benefits for eligible
employees that retired prior to January 1, 2009, whereas the contribution level for medical and dental benefits for eligible employees that retire
subsequent to this date has been fixed at a specified level. The plan is funded on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Benefit changes
The CIBC Pension Plan was amended in 2023 to introduce caps on pensionable earnings based on job level effective November 1, 2023. This
change was communicated to plan members in the fourth quarter of 2023 and resulted in a $73 million negative past service cost for the year ended
October 31, 2023. There were no material changes to the terms of our Canadian defined benefit pension plans in 2022. Certain plan amendments
were made to our other pension plans in 2023 which resulted in a past service cost and to our other post-employment plans in 2022, which resulted
in a negative past service cost.
Risks
CIBC’s defined benefit plans expose the group to actuarial risks (such as longevity risk), currency risk, interest rate risk, market (investment) risk
and health-care cost inflation risks.
The CIBC pension plan operates a currency overlay strategy, which may use forwards or similar instruments, to manage and mitigate its
currency risk.
Interest rate risk is managed as part of the CIBC pension plan’s liability-driven investment strategy through a combination of physical bonds,
overlays funded in the repo market, and/or derivatives.
Market (investment) risk is mitigated through a multi-asset portfolio construction process that diversifies across a variety of market risk drivers.
The use of derivatives within the CIBC pension plan is governed by its derivatives policy that was approved by the Pension Benefits
Management Committee (PBMC) and permits the use of derivatives to manage risk at the discretion of the Pension Investment Committee (PIC). In
addition to the management of interest rate risk, risk reduction and mitigation strategies may include hedging of currency, credit spread and/or
equity risks. The derivatives policy also permits the use of derivatives to enhance plan returns.
Plan governance
All of CIBC’s pension arrangements are governed by local pension committees, senior management or a board of trustees. However, all significant
plan changes require approval from the Management Resources and Compensation Committee (MRCC). For the Canadian pension plans, the
MRCC is responsible for setting the strategy for the pension plans, reviewing material risks, performance including funded status, and approving
material design or governance changes.
While specific investment policies are determined at a plan level to reflect the unique characteristics of each plan, common investment policies
for all plans include the optimization of the risk-return relationship using a portfolio of multiple asset classes diversified by market segment,
economic sector, and issuer. The objectives are to secure the benefits promised by our funded plans, to maximize long-term investment returns
while not compromising the benefit security of the respective plans, manage the level of funding contributions in conjunction with the stability of the
funded status, and implement all policies in a cost effective manner. Investments in quoted debt and equity (held either directly or indirectly through
investment funds) represent the most significant asset allocations.
The use of derivatives is limited to the purposes and instruments described in the derivatives policy of the CIBC Pension Plan. These include
the use of synthetic debt or equity instruments, currency hedging, risk reduction and enhancement of returns.
Investments in specific asset classes are further diversified across funds, managers, strategies, sectors and geographies, depending on the
specific characteristics of each asset class.
The exposure to any one of these asset classes will be determined by our assessment of the needs of the plan assets and economic and
financial market conditions. Factors evaluated before adopting the asset mix include demographics, cash-flow payout requirements, liquidity
requirements, actuarial assumptions, expected benefit increases, and plan funding requirements.
Management of the assets of the various Canadian plans has been delegated primarily to the PIC, which is a committee that is composed of
CIBC management. The PIC is responsible for the appointment and termination of individual investment managers (which includes CIBC Asset
Management Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of CIBC), who each have investment discretion within established target asset mix ranges as set by
the PBMC. Should a fund’s actual asset mix fall outside specified ranges, the assets are re-balanced as required to be within the target asset mix
ranges. On a periodic basis, an Asset-Liability Matching study is performed in which the consequences of the strategic investment policies are
analyzed.
Management of the actuarial valuations of the various Canadian plans is primarily the responsibility of the PBMC. The PBMC is responsible for
approving the actuarial assumptions for the valuations of the plans, and for recommending the level of annual funding for the Canadian plans to
CIBC senior management.
Local committees with similar mandates manage our non-Canadian plans and annually report back to the MRCC on all material governance
activities.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 175
Consolidated financial statements
Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheet
The following tables present the financial position of our defined benefit pension and other post-employment plans for Canada, the U.S., the U.K.,
and our Caribbean subsidiaries. Other minor plans operated by some of our subsidiaries are not material and are not included in these disclosures.
$ millions, as at or for the year ended October 31
Defined benefit obligation
Balance at beginning of year
Current service cost
Past service cost
Interest cost on defined benefit obligation
Gain on settlements
Employee contributions
Benefits paid
Special termination benefits
Foreign exchange rate changes and other
Net actuarial (gains) losses on defined benefit obligation
(1)
Balance at end of year
Plan assets
Fair value at beginning of year
Interest income on plan assets
(2)
Net actuarial gains (losses) on plan assets
Employer contributions
Employee contributions
Benefits paid
Settlements and special termination benefits
Plan administration costs
Foreign exchange rate changes and other
(1)
(2)
Fair value at end of year
Net defined benefit asset (liability)
Valuation allowance
Net defined benefit asset (liability), net of valuation allowance
(3)
Pension plans
Other post-employment plans
2023
2022
2023
2022
$ 7,040
212
(69)
380
–
4
(362)
2
16
(163)
$ 7,060
$ 8,435
460
(493)
36
4
(362)
–
(7)
18
$ 8,091
1,031
(16)
$ 1,015
$
$
$
$
$
8,564
265
–
303
1
4
(379)
(1)
58
(1,775)
7,040
9,904
360
(1,592)
79
4
(379)
(1)
(8)
68
8,435
1,395
(16)
1,379
$
$
$
$
$
436
5
–
23
–
–
(29)
–
1
(14)
422
–
–
–
29
–
(29)
–
–
–
–
(422)
–
(422)
$
$
$
$
$
549
7
(8)
19
–
–
(27)
–
6
(110)
436
–
–
–
27
–
(27)
–
–
–
–
(436)
–
(436)
(1) Fiscal 2022 includes the addition of the defined benefit obligations and plan assets related to the pension plans and other post-employment plans of immaterial
subsidiaries with a net defined benefit liability of $3 million as of October 31, 2022.
(2) The actual return on plan assets for the year was a loss of $33 million (2022: loss of $1,232 million).
(3) The valuation allowance reflects the effect of asset ceiling on plans with a net defined benefit asset.
The net defined benefit asset (liability), net of valuation allowance, included in other assets and other liabilities is as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31
Other assets
Other liabilities
The defined benefit obligation and plan assets by region are as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31
Defined benefit obligation
Canada
U.S., U.K., and the Caribbean
Defined benefit obligation at the end of year
Plan assets
Canada
U.S., U.K., and the Caribbean
Plan assets at the end of year
Pension plans
Other post-employment plans
2023
$ 1,055
(40)
$ 1,015
2022
$ 1,420
(41)
$ 1,379
$
2023
–
(422)
$
2022
–
(436)
$
(422)
$
(436)
Pension plans
Other post-employment plans
2023
2022
2023
2022
$ 6,373
687
$ 7,060
$ 7,292
799
$ 8,091
$ 6,382
658
$ 7,040
$ 7,666
769
$ 8,435
$ 392
30
$ 422
$
$
–
–
–
$ 405
31
$ 436
$
$
–
–
–
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of income
The net defined benefit expense for our defined benefit plans in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean is as follows:
Pension plans
Other post-employment plans
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Current service cost (1)
Past service cost
Gain on settlements
Interest cost on defined benefit obligation
Interest income on plan assets
Interest expense on effect of asset ceiling
Special termination benefits
Plan administration costs
$
$
2023
212
(69)
–
380
(460)
1
2
7
$
2022
265
–
1
303
(360)
1
–
8
Net defined benefit plan expense recognized in net income
$
73
$
218
$
2023
2022
5
–
–
23
–
–
–
–
28
$
7
(8)
–
19
–
–
–
–
$ 18
(1) The 2023 and 2022 current service costs were calculated using separate discount rates of 5.44% and 3.61%, respectively, to reflect the longer duration of future benefits
payments associated with the additional year of service to be earned by the plan’s active participants.
176 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income
The net remeasurement gains (losses) recognized in OCI for our defined benefit plans in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and the Caribbean is as follows:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit obligation arising from changes in:
Demographic assumptions
Financial assumptions
Experience
Net actuarial gains (losses) on plan assets
Changes in asset ceiling excluding interest income
Net remeasurement gains (losses) recognized in OCI
Pension plans Other post-employment plans
2023
2022
2023
2022
$
(1)
200
(36)
(493)
1
$
5
2,033
(263)
(1,592)
2
$
(329)
$
185
$
$
–
11
3
–
–
14
$
–
106
4
–
–
$ 110
Canadian defined benefit plans
As the Canadian defined benefit pension and other post-employment benefit plans represent approximately 90% of our consolidated defined benefit
obligation, they are the subject and focus of the disclosures in the balance of this note.
Disaggregation and maturity profile of defined benefit obligation
The breakdown of the defined benefit obligation for our Canadian plans between active, deferred and retired members is as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31
Active members
Deferred members
Retired members
Total
Pension plans Other post-employment plans
2023
$ 3,043
415
2,915
$ 6,373
2022
$ 3,164
410
2,808
$ 6,382
$
2023
75
–
317
$
2022
75
–
330
$ 392
$ 405
The weighted-average duration of the defined benefit obligation for our Canadian plans is as follows:
As at October 31
Weighted-average duration, in years
Pension plans Other post-employment plans
2023
12.4
2022
12.7
2023
10.2
2022
10.4
Plan assets
The major categories of our defined benefit pension plan assets for our Canadian plans are as follows:
$ millions, as at October 31
Asset category
Canadian equity securities
(2)
(1)
Debt securities
(3)
Government bonds
Corporate bonds
Investment funds
(4)
Canadian equity funds
U.S. equity funds
International equity funds
Global equity funds
Fixed income funds
(5)
(5)
Other
(2)
(6)
Alternative investments
Cash and cash equivalents and other
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities sold short
2023
2022
$
430
6 %
$
421
5 %
3,872
519
4,391
27
454
30
1,081
92
1,684
2,463
226
–
(1,902)
787
53
7
60
–
6
1
15
1
23
34
3
–
(26)
11
3,724
1,193
4,917
22
435
26
1,083
86
1,652
2,396
421
485
(2,626)
676
48
16
64
–
6
1
14
1
22
31
6
6
(34)
9
$ 7,292
100 %
$
7,666
100 %
(1) Asset categories are based upon risk classification including synthetic exposure through derivatives. The fair value of derivatives as at October 31, 2023 was a net
derivative liability of $49 million (2022: net derivative asset of $24 million).
(2) Pension benefit plan assets include CIBC issued securities and deposits of nil (2022: nil), representing nil of Canadian plan assets (2022: nil). All of the equity securities
held as at October 31, 2023 and 2022 have daily quoted prices in active markets except hedge funds, infrastructure, and private equity.
(3) All debt securities held as at October 31, 2023 and 2022 are investment grade, of which $142 million (2022: $341 million) have daily quoted prices in active markets.
(4) $26 million (2022: $23 million) of the investment funds are directly held as at October 31, 2023 and have daily quoted prices in active markets.
(5) Global equity funds include North American and international investments, whereas International equity funds do not include North American investments.
(6) Comprised of private equity, infrastructure, private debt and real estate funds.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 177
Consolidated financial statements
Principal actuarial assumptions
The weighted-average principal assumptions used to determine the defined benefit obligation for our Canadian plans are as follows:
As at October 31
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
(1)
Pension plans Other post-employment plans
2023
2022
2023
2022
5.7 %
2.5 %
5.4 %
2.5 %
5.7 %
n/a
5.5 %
n/a
(1) Rates of compensation increase for 2023 and 2022 reflect the use of a salary growth rate assumption table that is based on the age and tenure of the employees. The table
yields a weighted-average salary growth rate of approximately 2.5% per annum (2022: 2.5%).
n/a Not applicable.
Assumptions regarding future mortality have been based on published statistics and mortality tables. The current longevities underlying the values
of the defined benefit obligation of our Canadian plans are as follows (in years):
As at October 31
Longevity at age 65 for current retired members
Males
Females
Longevity at age 65 for current members aged 45
Males
Females
2023
2022
23.5
24.6
24.5
25.5
23.5
24.6
24.4
25.5
The assumed health-care cost trend rates of the Canadian other post-employment plan providing medical, dental, and life insurance benefits are as
follows:
For the year ended October 31
Health-care cost trend rates assumed for next year
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
2023
4.8 %
4.0 %
2040
2022
4.8 %
4.0 %
2040
Sensitivity analysis
Reasonably possible changes to one of the principal actuarial assumptions, holding other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined
benefit obligation of our Canadian plans as follows:
Estimated increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation
Pension plans Other post-employment plans
$ millions, as at October 31
Discount rate (100 basis point change)
Decrease in assumption
Increase in assumption
Rate of compensation increase (100 basis point change)
Decrease in assumption
Increase in assumption
Health-care cost trend rates (100 basis point change)
Decrease in assumption
Increase in assumption
Future mortality
1 year shorter life expectancy
1 year longer life expectancy
n/a Not applicable.
2023
$
824
(725)
(157)
178
n/a
n/a
(133)
138
2023
$
42
(35)
–
–
(17)
20
(8)
10
The sensitivity analyses presented above are indicative only, and should be considered with caution as they have been calculated in isolation
without changing other assumptions. In practice, changes in one assumption may result in changes in another, which may magnify or counteract
the disclosed sensitivities.
Future cash flows
Cash contributions
The most recently completed actuarial valuation of the CIBC Pension Plan for funding purposes was as at October 31, 2022. The next actuarial
valuation of this plan for funding purposes will be effective as of October 31, 2023.
The minimum contributions for 2024 are anticipated to be $130 million for the CIBC Pension Plan and $29 million for the Canadian other post-
employment benefit plans. These estimates are subject to change since contributions are affected by various factors, such as market performance,
regulatory requirements, and management’s ability to change funding policy.
Expected future benefit payments
The expected future benefit payments for our Canadian plans for the next 10 years are as follows:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Defined benefit pension plans
Other post-employment plans
178 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029–2033
Total
$ 377
29
$ 376
29
$ 390
30
$ 402
30
$ 414
31
$ 2,247
159
$ 4,206
308
$
406
$
405
$
420
$
432
$
445
$
2,406
$
4,514
Consolidated financial statements
Defined contributions and other plans
We also maintain defined contribution plans for certain employees and make contributions to government pension plans. The expense recognized
in the consolidated statement of income for these benefit plans is as follows:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Defined contribution pension plans
Government pension plans
(1)
(1) Includes Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan, and U.S. Federal Insurance Contributions Act.
Note 19
Income taxes
Total income taxes
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Consolidated statement of income
Provision for (reversal of) current income taxes
Adjustments for prior years
Current income tax expense
Provision for (reversal of) deferred income taxes
Adjustments for prior years
Effect of changes in tax rates and laws
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
OCI
Total comprehensive income
Components of income tax
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Current income taxes
Federal
Provincial
Foreign
Deferred income taxes
Federal
Provincial
Foreign
2023
60
194
$
$ 254
2022
49
171
$
$ 220
2023
2022
$
607
1,411
2,018
$
35
1,741
1,776
(11)
(10)
(66)
(87)
1,931
(219)
(27)
(4)
(15)
(46)
1,730
(268)
$ 1,712
$ 1,462
$
2023
748
481
634
1,863
(37)
(24)
(90)
(151)
$
2022
627
429
459
1,515
51
37
(141)
(53)
$ 1,712
$ 1,462
We are subject to Canadian taxation on income of foreign branches. Earnings of foreign subsidiaries would generally only be subject to Canadian
tax when distributed to Canada. Additional Canadian taxes that would be payable if all foreign subsidiaries’ retained earnings were distributed to the
Canadian parent as dividends are estimated to be nil.
The effective rates of income tax in the consolidated statement of income are different from the combined Canadian federal and provincial income
tax rates as set out in the following table:
Reconciliation of income taxes
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate applied to income before
income taxes
Income taxes adjusted for the effect of:
Foreign operations subject to different tax rates
Tax-exempt income
Changes in income tax rate on deferred tax balances
Impact of equity-accounted income
Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) tax
Other
2023
2022
$ 1,936
27.8 %
$ 2,097
26.3 %
(332)
(184)
(10)
(2)
525
(2)
(4.8)
(2.7)
(0.1)
–
7.5
–
(199)
(156)
(4)
(13)
–
5
(2.5)
(2.0)
–
(0.2)
–
0.1
Income taxes in the consolidated statement of income
$ 1,931
27.7 %
$ 1,730
21.7 %
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 179
Consolidated financial statements
Deferred income taxes
Sources of and movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities
Allowance
for credit
losses
$ 256
142
–
3
$ 401
$ 222
24
–
10
$ 256
Deferred tax assets
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2023 Balance at beginning of year
Recognized in net income
Recognized in OCI
Other
(2)
Balance at end of year
2022 Balance at beginning of year
Recognized in net income
Recognized in OCI
Other (2)
Balance at end of year
Deferred tax liabilities
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2023 Balance at beginning of year
Recognized in net income
Recognized in OCI
Other
(2)
Balance at end of year
2022 Balance at beginning of year
Recognized in net income
Recognized in OCI
Other (2)
Balance at end of year
Net deferred tax assets as at October 31, 2023
Net deferred tax assets as at October 31, 2022
$
Property
and
equipment
6
(1)
–
(1)
4
$
Pension and
employee
benefits
$ 275
12
70
(46)
$ 311
$
Provisions
92
(39)
–
–
53
$
$
$
40
3
–
(37)
6
$ 307
(25)
(16)
9
$ 275
$ 103
(12)
–
1
92
$
Financial
instrument
revaluation
$ 125
(7)
(27)
–
91
$
$
24
(3)
104
–
$ 125
Tax loss
carry-
forwards (1)
$
$
$
$
6
(1)
–
(1)
4
5
2
–
(1)
6
Other
Total
assets
$ 264 $ 1,024
131
59
(46)
$ 304 $ 1,168
25
16
(1)
$ 215 $
49
–
–
916
38
88
(18)
$ 264 $ 1,024
$
Intangible
assets
(341)
(50)
–
(1)
(392)
(327)
(10)
–
(4)
(341)
$
$
$
$
Property
and
equipment
(69)
1
–
1
(67)
(82)
(23)
–
36
(69)
$
$
$
Pension and
employee
benefits
$
Goodwill
(89)
$
(2)
–
–
(91)
(88)
(2)
–
1
(89)
(71)
1
5
49
(16)
(24)
33
(81)
1
(71)
$
$
$
$
$
$
Financial
instrument
revaluation
$
(13)
–
–
–
(13)
(19)
4
–
2
(13)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Other
Total
liabilities
(589)
(44)
5
49
(579)
(552)
8
(81)
36
(589)
589
435
(6) $
6
–
–
–
$
(12) $
6
–
–
(6) $
$
$
(1) The deferred tax effect of tax loss carryforwards includes $4 million (2022: $6 million) that relate to operating losses (of which $2 million relate to Canada, and $2 million
relate to the Caribbean) that expire in various years commencing in 2023, and nil (2022: nil) that relate to U.S. capital losses.
(2) Includes foreign currency translation adjustments.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are assessed by entity for presentation in our consolidated balance sheet. As a result, the net deferred tax assets
of $589 million (2022: $435 million) are presented in the consolidated balance sheet as deferred tax assets of $629 million (2022: $480 million) and
deferred tax liabilities of $40 million (2022: $45 million).
The amount of unused operating tax losses for which deferred tax assets have not been recognized was $1,515 million as at October 31, 2023
(2022: $1,620 million), of which $756 million (2022: $742 million) relates to the U.S. region and $759 million (2022: $878 million) relates to the
Caribbean region. Generally, these unused operating tax losses will expire within 3 years for the U.S. region and within 7 years for the Caribbean
region.
The amount of unused capital tax losses for which deferred tax assets have not been recognized was $482 million as at October 31, 2023
(2022: $610 million). These unused capital tax losses relate to Canada.
Tax Examinations and Disputes
The CRA has reassessed CIBC’s 2011–2018 taxation years for approximately $1,772 million of income taxes related to the denial of deductions of
certain dividends. Subsequent taxation years may also be similarly reassessed. CIBC filed a Notice of Appeal in 2021 and the matter is in litigation.
CIBC is confident that its tax filings are appropriate and will defend its position vigorously. Accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in the
consolidated financial statements.
In November 2021, the Tax Court of Canada decided against CIBC on its claim of a foreign exchange capital loss and CIBC appealed the
decision to the Federal Court of Appeal. In May 2023, CIBC lost its appeal at the Federal Court of Appeal. The impact of the Federal Court of Appeal
decision was recognized in the second quarter of 2023, as were offsets from other adjustments. In August 2023, CIBC filed a leave to appeal
application with the Supreme Court of Canada. As previously disclosed, CIBC has potential aggregate exposure of approximately $100 million in
respect of other similar matters, and no amounts have been accrued in the consolidated financial statements.
In prior years, the CRA issued reassessments disallowing the deduction of Enron settlement payments and related legal expenses (the Enron
expenses). The CRA later entered into a settlement agreement with CIBC in respect to the portion of the Enron expenses deductible in Canada.
CIBC has been working with the Internal Revenue Service to settle the portion of the Enron expenses deductible in the U.S. It is possible that
adjustments may be required to the amount of tax benefits recognized in the U.S.
Canadian Federal Tax Measures
In the first quarter of 2023, the Canadian federal government enacted the one-time 15% Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) tax and permanent corporate
tax rate increase of 1.5% on banks and life insurer groups. The CRD tax is based on the average of 2020 and 2021 taxable income in excess of
$1.0 billion and is payable over a five-year period in equal increments. The 1.5% tax rate increase applies to taxable income in excess of $100 million
and is prorated for the first taxation year that ends after April 7, 2022. In its first quarter, CIBC recognized income tax expense of $510 million based on
the present value of the estimated amount of the CRD tax of $555 million. The discount of $45 million accretes over the four-year payment period from
initial recognition. CIBC also recognized income tax expense of $35 million for the effect of the 1.5% tax rate increase on the 2022 taxation year in the
first quarter.
In the second quarter of 2023, the Department of Finance Canada released certain proposed tax measures as part of the 2023 Canadian Federal
budget, which would impact Canadian banks. These proposals included the denial of the deduction of dividends received by financial institutions on
180 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Canadian shares held as mark-to-market property (Budget 2023 Dividend Proposal), the application of the goods and services tax/harmonized sales tax
(GST/HST) on certain payment card network services, and a 2% tax on the net value of share buybacks by public corporations in Canada.
In the third quarter of 2023, the Budget Implementation Act, 2023, No. 1 enacted the GST/HST measure with some retroactive as well as
prospective effect. CIBC recognized a GST expense charge of $34 million for prior periods in respect of this measure.
On August 4, 2023, the Department of Finance Canada released draft legislation to implement certain previously announced measures
including the 2% buyback tax as well as the new Global Minimum Tax Act imposing a 15% global minimum tax further to the OECD’s two-pillar plan
(OECD Pillar Two). The Budget 2023 Dividend Proposal was not included in the August release. The 2023 Fall Economic Statement, released on
November 21, 2023, included a proposal to exclude taxable preferred shares from the application of the Budget 2023 Dividend Proposal. A Notice
of Ways and Means Motion to introduce a bill to implement certain measures from the 2023 Budget and the 2023 Fall Economic Statement, was
released and tabled in Parliament on November 28, 2023, which included the Budget 2023 Dividend Proposal.
Note 20
Earnings per share
$ millions, except per share amounts, for the year ended October 31
Basic EPS
Net income attributable to equity shareholders
Less: Preferred share dividends and distributions on other equity instruments
Net income attributable to common shareholders
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (thousands)
Basic EPS
Diluted EPS
Net income attributable to common shareholders
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (thousands)
Add: Stock options potentially exercisable (thousands)
Add: Equity-settled consideration (thousands)
(2)
Weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding (thousands)
Diluted EPS
2023
2022 (1)
$
$
$
$
4,995
267
4,728
6,220
171
6,049
915,631
903,312
5.16
$
6.70
4,728
$
6,049
915,631
431
161
916,223
903,312
2,078
294
905,684
$
5.16
$
6.68
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022.
(2) Excludes average options outstanding of 6,558,969 (2022: nil) with a weighted-average exercise price of $63.39 (2022: nil) for the year ended October 31, 2023, as the
options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of CIBC’s common shares.
Note 21 Commitments, guarantees and pledged assets
Commitments
Credit-related arrangements
Credit-related arrangements are generally off-balance sheet instruments and are typically entered into to meet the financing needs of clients. In
addition, there are certain exposures for which we could be obligated to extend credit that are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Our
policy of requiring collateral or other security to support credit-related arrangements and the types of security held is generally the same as for
loans. The contract amounts presented below for credit-related arrangements represent the maximum amount of additional credit that we could be
obligated to extend. The contract amounts also represent the additional credit risk amounts should the contracts be fully drawn, the counterparties
default and any collateral held proves to be of no value. As many of these arrangements will expire or terminate without being drawn upon, the
contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements or actual risk of loss.
$ millions, as at October 31
(1)
Securities lending
Unutilized credit commitments (2)
Backstop liquidity facilities
Standby and performance letters of credit
Documentary and commercial letters of credit
Other commitments to extend credit
2023
2022
Contract amounts
$
54,899
358,916
19,314
20,204
203
1,704
$
53,008
336,261
12,855
18,459
209
718
$ 455,240
$ 421,510
(1) Excludes securities lending of $8.1 billion (2022: $4.9 billion) for cash because it is reported on the consolidated balance sheet.
(2) Includes $179.2 billion (2022: $167.3 billion) of personal, home equity and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion.
In addition, the client securities lending of the joint ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon totalled $79.5 billion (2022:
$90.5 billion), of which $6.6 billion (2022: $9.5 billion) are transactions between CIBC and the joint ventures.
CIBC has provided indemnities to customers of the joint ventures in respect of securities lending transactions with third parties amounting to
$68.4 billion (2022: $77.0 billion).
For further information on the joint ventures, see Note 25.
Securities lending
Securities lending represents our credit exposure when we lend our own or our clients’ securities to a borrower and the borrower defaults on the
redelivery obligation. The borrower must fully collateralize the security lent at all times.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 181
Consolidated financial statements
Unutilized credit commitments
Unutilized credit commitments are the undrawn portion of lending facilities that we have approved to meet the requirements of clients. These lines may
include various conditions that must be satisfied prior to drawdown and include facilities extended in connection with contingent acquisition financing.
The credit risk associated with these lines arises from the possibility that a commitment will be drawn down as a loan at some point in the future, prior to
the expiry of the commitment. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower and may
include a charge over the present and future assets of the borrower.
Backstop liquidity facilities
We provide irrevocable backstop liquidity facilities primarily to ABCP conduits. We are the financial services agent for some of these conduits, while
other conduits are administered by third parties. The liquidity facilities for our sponsored ABCP programs, Safe Trust, Sure Trust, Sound Trust and
Stable Trust, require us to provide funding to fund non-defaulted assets, subject to the satisfaction of certain limited conditions with respect to the
conduits.
Standby and performance letters of credit
These represent an irrevocable obligation to make payments to third parties in the event that clients are unable to meet their contractual financial or
performance obligations. The credit risk associated with these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending irrevocable loan
commitments to clients. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower and may include
a charge over present and future assets of the borrower.
Documentary and commercial letters of credit
Documentary and commercial letters of credit are short-term instruments issued on behalf of a client, authorizing a third-party, such as an exporter,
to draw drafts on CIBC up to a specified amount, subject to specific terms and conditions. We are at risk for any drafts drawn that are not ultimately
settled by the client; however, the amounts drawn are collateralized by the related goods.
Other commitments to extend credit
These represent other commitments to extend credit, and primarily include forward-dated securities financing trades in the form of securities
purchased under resale agreements with various counterparties that are executed on or before the end of our reporting period and that settle
shortly after period end, usually within five business days.
Other commitments
As an investor in merchant banking activities, we enter into commitments to fund external private equity funds. In connection with these activities, we
had commitments to invest up to $581 million (2022: $462 million).
In addition, we act as underwriter for certain new issuances under which we alone or together with a syndicate of financial institutions purchase
these new issuances for resale to investors. As at October 31, 2023, the related underwriting commitments were $12 million (2022: $936 million).
Guarantees and other indemnification agreements
Guarantees
A guarantee is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor
failed to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Guarantees include standby and
performance letters of credit as discussed above, and credit derivatives protection sold, as discussed in Note 12.
Other indemnification agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify the counterparty to such
arrangement from any losses relating to a breach of representations and warranties, a failure to perform certain covenants, or for claims or losses
arising from certain external events as outlined within the particular contract. This may include, for example, losses arising from changes in tax
legislation, litigation, or claims relating to past performance. In addition, we indemnify each of our directors and officers to the extent permitted by
law, against any and all claims or losses (including any amounts paid in settlement of any such claims) incurred as a result of their service to CIBC.
In most indemnities, maximum loss clauses are generally not provided for, and as a result, no defined limit of the maximum potential liability exists.
Amounts are accrued when we have a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, when it is both probable that an outflow of
economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and when a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. We believe that
the likelihood of the conditions arising to trigger obligations under these contract arrangements is remote. Historically, any payments made in
respect of these contracts have not been significant. Amounts related to these indemnifications, representations, and warranties reflected within the
consolidated financial statements as at October 31, 2023 and 2022 are not significant.
Pledged assets
In the normal course of business, on- and off-balance sheet assets are pledged as collateral for various activities. The following table summarizes
asset pledging amounts and the activities to which they relate:
$ millions, as at October 31
Assets pledged in relation to:
Securities lending
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
Obligations related to securities sold short
Securitizations
Covered bonds
Derivatives
Foreign governments and central banks
Clearing systems, payment systems, and depositories
Other
(2)
(1)
(1) Includes assets pledged to maintain access to central bank facilities in foreign jurisdictions.
(2) Includes assets pledged in order to participate in clearing and payment systems and depositories.
182 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
$
2023
2022
54,870 $
89,971
18,666
18,504
33,628
22,245
862
999
13
53,989
79,759
15,284
19,750
28,100
25,463
286
620
12
$ 239,758 $ 223,263
Consolidated financial statements
Note 22 Contingent liabilities and provisions
In the ordinary course of its business, CIBC is a party to a number of legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations, in which claims for
substantial monetary damages are asserted against CIBC and its subsidiaries. Legal provisions are established if, in the opinion of management, it
is both probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of
the obligation. If the reliable estimate of probable loss involves a range of potential outcomes within which a specific amount appears to be a better
estimate, that amount is accrued. If no specific amount within the range of potential outcomes appears to be a better estimate than any other
amount, the mid-point in the range is accrued. In some instances, however, it is not possible either to determine whether an obligation is probable or
to reliably estimate the amount of loss, in which case no accrual can be made.
While there is inherent difficulty in predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, based on current knowledge and in consultation with legal
counsel, we do not expect the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial
statements. However, the outcome of these matters, individually or in aggregate, may be material to our operating results for a particular reporting
period. We regularly assess the adequacy of CIBC’s litigation accruals and make the necessary adjustments to incorporate new information as it
becomes available.
CIBC considers losses to be reasonably possible when they are neither probable nor remote. It is reasonably possible that CIBC may incur
losses in addition to the amounts recorded when the loss accrued is the mid-point of a range of reasonably possible losses, or the potential loss
pertains to a matter in which an unfavourable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable.
CIBC believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of the amounts accrued, for its significant legal
proceedings, where it is possible to make such an estimate, is from nil to approximately $0.6 billion as at October 31, 2023. This estimated
aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those significant proceedings in which CIBC is
involved, taking into account CIBC’s best estimate of such losses for those cases for which an estimate can be made. CIBC’s estimate involves
significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings and the existence of multiple defendants in many of such proceedings whose
share of the liability has yet to be determined. The range does not include potential punitive damages. The matters underlying the estimated range
as at October 31, 2023 consist of the significant legal matters disclosed below. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to
time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate. For certain matters, CIBC does not believe that an estimate can currently be
made as many of them are in preliminary stages and certain matters have no specific amount claimed. Consequently, these matters are not
included in the range.
The following is a description of CIBC’s significant legal proceedings, which we intend to vigorously defend.
Fresco v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Gaudet v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
In June 2007, two proposed class actions were filed against CIBC in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Fresco) and in the Quebec Superior
Court (Gaudet). Each made identical claims for unpaid overtime for full-time, part-time, and retail frontline non-management employees. The Ontario
action sought $500 million in damages plus $100 million in punitive damages for all employees in Canada, while the Quebec action was limited to
employees in Quebec and was stayed pending the outcome of the Ontario action. In June 2009, in the Ontario action, the motion judge denied
certification of the matter as a class action. In September 2010, the Ontario Divisional Court upheld the motion judge’s denial of the plaintiff’s
certification motion and the award of costs to CIBC by a two-to-one majority. In January 2011, the Ontario Court of Appeal granted the plaintiff leave
to appeal the decision denying certification. In June 2012, the Ontario Court of Appeal overturned the lower court and granted certification of the
matter as a class action. The Supreme Court of Canada released its decision in March 2013 denying CIBC leave to appeal certification of the matter
as a class action, and denying the plaintiff’s cross appeal on aggregate damages. The motions for summary judgment on liability were heard in
December 2019. In March 2020, the court found CIBC liable for unpaid overtime. CIBC appealed the liability decision. A decision on remedies was
released in August 2020 and the court certified aggregate damages as a common issue and directed that the availability and quantum, if any, of
aggregate damages be determined at a later date. The plaintiffs’ claim for punitive damages was dismissed. In October 2020, the court released its
decision on limitation periods finding that limitation periods could not be determined on a class-wide basis. CIBC appealed the decisions on
remedies and limitation periods. The appeal was heard in September 2021. In February 2022, CIBC’s appeal was dismissed. In October 2022, a
settlement agreement was reached, subject to court approval. In March 2023 and May 2023, the settlement was approved in Ontario and Quebec,
respectively. Pursuant to the settlement, CIBC has paid the plaintiffs $153 million. This matter is now closed.
Mortgage prepayment class actions:
Lamarre v. CIBC Mortgages Inc.
Haroch v. Toronto Dominion Bank, et al.
In 2011, a proposed class action was filed in the Superior Court of Quebec (Lamarre) against CIBC Mortgages Inc. The representative plaintiff
alleged that since 2005, CIBC Mortgages Inc. wrongfully charged or overcharged mortgage prepayment penalties and that the calculation clauses
in the mortgage contract that provide for discretion in applying the prepayment penalties are void and unenforceable at law. In May 2018, another
proposed class action (Haroch) was filed in the Superior Court of Quebec against CIBC, CIBC Mortgages Inc. and several other financial
institutions. The action was brought on behalf of Quebec residents who during the class period allegedly paid a mortgage prepayment charge in
excess of three months’ interest. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendants created complex prepayment formulas that were contrary to the Quebec
Civil Code, the Quebec Consumer Protection Act and the Interest Act and sought damages back to 2015. Haroch and Lamarre were consolidated.
The motion for class certification in Haroch was heard in June 2019, and in July 2019, the court certified the matter as a class action against CIBC
and CIBC Mortgages Inc. CIBC and CIBC Mortgages Inc. sought leave to appeal the certification decision. The appeal of the certification decision
in Haroch did not proceed as the matter was settled against CIBC, subject to court approval. In March 2023, the settlement in Haroch was
approved. This matter is now closed.
Cerberus Capital Management L.P. v. CIBC
In November 2015, Securitized Asset Funding 2011-2, LTD., a special purpose investment vehicle affiliated with Cerberus Capital Management L.P.
(collectively, Cerberus), commenced a New York State Court action against CIBC seeking unspecified damages of “at least hundreds of millions of
dollars”. The action related to two transactions in 2008 and 2011 in which CIBC issued a limited recourse note and certificate to Cerberus which
significantly reduced CIBC’s exposure to the U.S. residential real estate market. The complaint alleged that CIBC breached its contracts with Cerberus by
failing to appropriately calculate and pay with respect to two of the payment streams due under the 2008 note and 2011 certificate. In September 2021,
CIBC filed a motion for summary judgment, which was heard in December 2021, and denied. The non-jury trial proceeded in March 2022. The court
reserved its decision. The trial decision was released on December 1, 2022 finding CIBC liable. A damages hearing proceeded on December 19,
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 183
Consolidated financial statements
2022. In January 2023, the court set damages in the amount of US$491 million plus pre-judgment interest. On February 6, 2023, the court entered the
final judgment in the amount of US$856 million including pre-judgment interest as of February 6, 2023. Post-judgment interest would have accrued on
the amount of the final judgment. In February 2023, the parties settled this matter. Pursuant to the settlement, CIBC paid US$770 million ($1,055 million
pre-tax or $762 million after-tax) to Cerberus in full satisfaction of the judgment. This matter is now closed.
Order Execution Only class actions:
Pozgaj v. CIBC and CIBC Trust
Frayce v. BMO Investorline Inc., et al.
Michaud v. BBS Securities Inc., et al.
Ciardullo v. 1832 Asset Management L.P., et al.
Ciardullo and Aggarwal v. 1832 Asset Management L.P., et al.
Woodard v. CIBC and CIBC Trust
In September 2018, a proposed class action (Pozgaj) was filed in the Ontario Superior Court against CIBC and CIBC Trust. It alleges that the
defendants should not have paid mutual fund trailing commissions to order execution only dealers. The action is brought on behalf of all persons
who held units of CIBC mutual funds through order execution only dealers and seeks $200 million in damages. The certification motion in Pozgaj
that was scheduled for October 2023 has been adjourned.
In 2020, two proposed class actions were filed in the Ontario Superior Court (Frayce) and the Supreme Court of British Columbia (Michaud)
against CIBC Investor Services Inc. and several other dealers. The proposed actions allege that the defendants should not have received and
accepted trailing commissions for service and advice on mutual funds purchased through their respective order execution only dealers. The
proposed actions are brought on behalf of all persons who purchased units of mutual funds through an order execution only dealer owned by one or
more of the defendants and seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. The Michaud action has been stayed. The motion for
certification in Frayce was heard in September 2022, and in January 2023, the court released its decision dismissing the motion for certification. The
plaintiffs are appealing the certification decision in Frayce, which is scheduled for December 2023.
In July and August 2022, two proposed class actions (Ciardullo and Ciardullo and Aggarwal) were filed in the Ontario Superior Court against
CIBC, CIBC Trust and several other financial institutions. Like the Pozgaj action, these actions allege that the defendants should not have paid
mutual fund trailing commissions to order execution only dealers. However, the actions are brought on behalf of all persons who held units of CIBC
mutual funds through dealers other than order execution only dealers. They seek unspecified damages. In November 2022, a further proposed
class action (Woodard) was filed in the Ontario Superior Court with a new proposed representative plaintiff. Woodard raises identical allegations to
Ciardullo and Ciardullo and Aggarwal, on behalf of an identical class, but only names CIBC and CIBC Trust as defendants. In August 2023, the
Ciardullo, Ciardullo and Aggarwal, and Woodard actions were temporarily stayed pending a decision on liability in the Pozgaj action.
York County on Behalf of the County of York Retirement Fund v. Rambo, et al.
In February 2019, a class action complaint was filed in the Northern District of California against the directors, certain officers and the underwriters
of several senior note offerings of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) that took place between March 2016 and April 2018, the total
issuance amount for the series of offerings being approximately US$4 billion. CIBC World Markets Corp. was part of the underwriting syndicate for
an offering, whereby CIBC World Markets Corp. underwrote 6% of a US$650 million December 2016 issuance of senior notes. The offering involved
the issuance of two tranches of notes: US$400 million of 30-year senior notes maturing in December 2046 and US$250 million of one-year floating
rate notes that matured and were repaid in November 2017. The complaint alleges that the disclosure documentation associated with the note
offerings contained misrepresentations and/or omissions of material facts, including with respect to PG&E’s failure to comply with various safety
regulations, vegetation management programs and requirements, as well as understating the extent to which its equipment has allegedly caused
multiple fires in California, including before the wildfires that occurred in California in 2017 and 2018. In October 2019, the defendants filed a motion
to dismiss.
Pope v. CIBC, CIBC Trust, and CIBC Asset Management Inc.
In August 2020, a proposed class action was filed in the Supreme Court of British Columbia against CIBC and CIBC Trust. The action alleges that
the defendants misrepresented their investment strategy and charged unitholders excess fees in relation to certain CIBC mutual funds and certain
CIBC portfolio funds. The action is brought on behalf of all persons who hold or held units of these funds from January 2005 to present and seeks
unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. In December 2020, CIBC Asset Management Inc. was added as a defendant. The motion for
class certification was heard in August 2021. In October 2022, the court ruled that the plaintiff was required to provide additional information before
a final determination on certification could be made. In January 2023, the plaintiffs delivered a draft amended Statement of Claim. The motion to rule
on the plaintiffs’ proposed amendments to the Statement of Claim, which was scheduled for July 2023, has been adjourned.
Salko v. CIBC Investor Services Inc., et al.
In March 2021, a proposed class action was commenced in Quebec against CIBC Investor Services Inc. and several other financial institutions. The
plaintiff subsequently added CIBC World Markets Inc. and additional financial institutions as defendants. The action seeks the reimbursement of
currency conversion fees alleged to have been unlawfully charged to class members and concealed by the defendants, as well as exemplary and
punitive damages. The plaintiffs seek reimbursement of fees charged to clients since March 15, 2018, as well as punitive damages in the amount of
5% of the total sum of fees charged to class members, plus interest. The certification motion was heard in April 2022. In September 2022, the action
was certified against CIBC Investor Services Inc. and several other order execution only dealers, and not certified against the full service
brokerages, including CIBC World Markets Inc. The plaintiffs are appealing the certification decision. The plaintiffs’ appeal of the certification
decision is scheduled for December 2023.
184 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
The Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) of J.T.G v. His Majesty The King
CIBC Trust Corporation is the trustee of a self-directed RRSP that has been the subject of proceedings in the Tax Court of Canada. The proceedings
arise from appeals of tax assessments made by the Minister of National Revenue against the RRSP for the 2004 to 2009 taxation years under Parts I
and XI.1 of the Income Tax Act (Canada). At the time they were made in March 2013, the Part I assessment amounted to approximately $139 million
and the Part XI.1 reassessment totalled approximately $144 million, in each case including all taxes, penalties and interest. In April 2021, the Tax
Court of Canada released a decision allowing the appeal in part of the assessment under Part I and dismissing the appeal of the reassessment
under Part XI.1. The RRSP by its trustee CIBC Trust has appealed this decision to the Federal Court of Appeal. To the extent there is a shortfall in the
RRSP’s ability to satisfy any of the Part XI.1 reassessment that may be upheld by the courts, CIBC Trust may be liable to pay a portion of that
reassessment. The appeal was heard in May 2023. The court reserved its decision.
Non-sufficient funds fees class actions:
Vaillancourt-Thivierge v. Bank of Montreal, et al.
Campbell v. CIBC
In September 2016, a proposed class action (Vaillancourt-Thivierge) was commenced in Quebec against CIBC and several other financial
institutions with respect to charging non-sufficient funds fees (NSF Fees) for client payment orders refused due to insufficient funds. The action
alleges that NSF Fees violate the Quebec Consumer Protection Act and the Quebec Civil Code. The action is brought on behalf of residents of
Quebec who paid NSF fees from September 12, 2013 to present. The action seeks the return of NSF fees charged as well as punitive damages of
$300 per class member. The court certified the matter as a class action in 2019.
In September 2022, a proposed class action (Campbell) was commenced in Ontario against CIBC on behalf of personal deposit
accountholders who have been charged duplicative non-sufficient fund fees (representment NSF Fees) on their account for a single rejected
payment order or cheque. The action alleges that this practice violates our account agreement with clients, the Ontario Consumer Protection Act
and other consumer protection statutes. The action is brought on behalf of residents of Canada who paid representment NSF Fees from January 1,
2012 to present. The action seeks the return of the representment NSF Fees charged, as well as punitive damages. The motion for certification
scheduled for November 2023 has been adjourned to February 2024.
Legal provisions
The following table presents changes in our legal provisions:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Balance at beginning of year
Additional new provisions recognized
Less:
Amounts incurred and charged against existing provisions
Unused amounts reversed and other adjustments (1)
Balance at end of year
(1) Includes foreign currency translation adjustments.
Restructuring
The following table presents changes in the restructuring provision:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Balance at beginning of year
Additional new provisions recognized
Less:
Amounts incurred and charged against existing provisions
Unused amounts reversed
Balance at end of year
$
2023
275
1,098
2022
$ 301
151
(1,198)
(35)
(172)
(5)
$
140
$ 275
2023
$
35
6
(27)
(4)
2022
$
99
6
(59)
(11)
$
10
$
35
The amount of $10 million as at October 31, 2023 primarily represents obligations related to ongoing payments as a result of the restructurings.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 185
Consolidated financial statements
Note 23 Concentration of credit risk
Concentration of credit exposure may arise with a group of counterparties that have similar economic characteristics or are located in the same
geographic region. The ability of such counterparties to meet contractual obligations would be similarly affected by changing economic, political or
other conditions.
The amounts of credit exposure associated with our on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments are summarized in the following table:
Credit exposure by country of ultimate risk
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
Canada
U.S.
Other
countries
Total
Canada
U.S.
Other
countries
2022
Total
On-balance sheet
Major assets (1)(2)(3)
Off-balance sheet
Credit-related arrangements
Financial institutions
Governments
Retail
Corporate
$ 604,145 $ 239,201 $ 91,951 $ 935,297 $ 603,210 $ 209,824 $ 82,937 $ 895,971
$
$
63,541
12,444
189,006
79,469
28,379
82
1,072
44,886
$ 14,978
8,415
511
12,457
$ 106,898
20,941
190,589
136,812
$
59,480
11,354
178,863
78,372
$
22,201
24
997
40,036
$ 12,797
6,280
492
10,614
$
94,478
17,658
180,352
129,022
$ 344,460 $
74,419 $ 36,361 $ 455,240 $ 328,069 $
63,258 $ 30,183 $ 421,510
(1) Major assets consist of cash and deposits with banks, loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses, securities, securities borrowed or purchased under resale
agreements, and derivative instruments.
(2) Includes Canadian currency of $573.1 billion (2022: $572.3 billion) and foreign currencies of $362.2 billion (2022: $323.7 billion).
(3) No industry or foreign jurisdiction accounted for 10% or more of loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses, with the exception of the U.S., which accounted for
15% as at October 31, 2023 (2022: 15%) and the real estate and construction industry, which across all jurisdictions accounted for 11% as at October 31, 2023 (2022: 10%).
Canadian residential mortgages accounted for 50% as at October 31, 2023 (2022: 50%) of loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses.
See Note 12 for derivative instruments by country and counterparty type of ultimate risk. In addition, see Note 21 for details on the client securities
lending of the joint ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon.
Also see the shaded sections in “MD&A – Management of risk” for a detailed discussion on our credit risk.
186 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Note 24 Related-party transactions
In the ordinary course of business, we provide banking services and enter into transactions with related parties on terms similar to those offered to
, their close family members, and entities that they or their close family
unrelated parties. Related parties include key management personnel
members control or jointly control. Related parties also include associates and joint ventures accounted for under the equity method, and post-
employment benefit plans for CIBC employees. Loans to these related parties are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the
same terms as for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. As CIBC’s subsidiaries are consolidated, transactions with these entities have
been eliminated and are not reported as related-party transactions. We offer a subsidy on annual fees and preferential interest rates on credit card
balances to senior officers, which is the same offer extended to all employees of CIBC.
(1)
Key management personnel and their affiliates
As at October 31, 2023, loans to key management personnel
members control or jointly control totalled $35 million (2022: $32 million), letters of credit and guarantees were nil (2022: nil), and undrawn credit
commitments totalled $25 million (2022: $21 million). Of these outstanding balances, $34 million (2022: $31 million) were secured and $1 million
(2022: $1 million) were unsecured. We have no provision for credit losses on impaired loans relating to these amounts for the years ended
October 31, 2023 and 2022. Loans to these related parties are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms as for
comparable transactions with unrelated parties. We offer a subsidy on annual fees and preferential interest rates on credit card balances to senior
officers which is the same offer extended to all employees of CIBC.
and their close family members and to entities that they or their close family
(1)
(1) Key management personnel are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of CIBC directly or
indirectly and comprise the members of the Board (referred to as directors), Executive Committee and certain named officers per the Bank Act (Canada) (collectively
referred to as senior officers). Board members who are also Executive Committee members are included as senior officers.
Compensation of key management personnel
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Short-term benefits
(1)
Post-employment benefits
Share-based benefits
Termination benefits (3)
(2)
Total compensation
2023
Senior
officers
$
$
19
2
32
1
54
2022
Senior
officers
$
$
23
3
38
2
66
Directors
$
$
3
–
1
–
4
Directors
$
$
2
–
2
–
4
(1) Comprises salaries, statutory and non-statutory benefits related to senior officers and fees related to directors recognized during the year. Also includes annual incentive
plan payments related to senior officers on a cash basis.
(2) Comprises grant-date fair values of awards granted in the year.
(3) Comprises payments made in the period to key management personnel and former key management personnel.
Refer to the following Notes for additional details on related-party transactions:
Share-based payment plans
See Note 17 for details of these plans offered to directors and senior officers.
Post-employment benefit plans
See Note 18 for related-party transactions between CIBC and the post-employment benefit plans.
Equity-accounted associates and joint ventures
See Note 25 for details of our investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 187
Consolidated financial statements
Note 25
Investments in equity-accounted associates and joint ventures
Joint ventures
CIBC is a 50/50 joint venture partner with The Bank of New York Mellon in two joint ventures: CIBC Mellon Trust Company and CIBC Mellon Global
Securities Services Company Inc. (collectively referred to as CIBC Mellon), which provide trust and asset servicing, both in Canada. As at
October 31, 2023, the carrying value of our investments in the joint ventures was $532 million (2022: $426 million), which was included in Corporate
and Other.
As at October 31, 2023, loans to the joint ventures totalled nil (2022: nil) and undrawn credit commitments totalled $131 million
(2022: $130 million).
CIBC, The Bank of New York Mellon, and CIBC Mellon have, jointly and severally, provided indemnities to customers of the joint ventures in
respect of securities lending transactions. See Note 21 for additional details.
There was no unrecognized share of losses of any joint ventures, either for the year or cumulatively. In 2023 and 2022, none of our joint
ventures experienced any significant restrictions to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends or distributions, or repayment of loans or advances.
The following table provides the summarized aggregate financial information related to our proportionate interest in the equity-accounted joint
ventures:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Net income
OCI
Total comprehensive income (loss)
2023
46
61
$
$
2022
52
(218)
$ 107
$
(166)
Associates
As at October 31, 2023, the total carrying value of our investments in associates was $137 million (2022: $206 million). These investments comprise:
listed associates with a carrying value of nil (2022: $33 million) and a fair value of nil (2022: $33 million), based on quoted prices in an active market
categorized as Level 1 valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy; and unlisted associates with a carrying value of $137 million (2022: $173 million)
and a fair value of $240 million (2022: $197 million), based on non-observable valuation inputs categorized as Level 3 valuation inputs within the fair
value hierarchy. Of the total carrying value of our investments in associates, $19 million (2022: $18 million) was included in Canadian Personal and
Business Banking, $33 million (2022: $33 million) in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, nil (2022: $7 million) in U.S. Commercial
Banking and Wealth Management, $42 million (2022: $109 million) in Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services, and $43 million (2022: $39 million)
in Corporate and Other.
As at October 31, 2023, loans to associates totalled nil (2022: nil) and undrawn credit commitments totalled $1 million (2022: $1 million). We also
had commitments to invest up to nil (2022: nil) in our associates.
There was no unrecognized share of losses of any associate, either for the year or cumulatively. In 2023 and 2022, none of our associates
experienced any significant restrictions to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends or distributions, or repayment of loans or advances.
The following table provides the summarized aggregate financial information related to our proportionate interest in equity-accounted
associates:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Net income (loss)
OCI
Total comprehensive income (loss)
2023
$
(16)
5
$
(11)
2022
$
$
(5)
–
(5)
188 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Note 26
Significant subsidiaries
The following is a list of significant subsidiaries in which CIBC, either directly or indirectly, owns 100% of the voting shares, except where noted.
$ millions, as at October 31, 2023
Subsidiary name (1)
Canada and U.S.
CIBC Asset Management Inc.
CIBC BA Limited
CIBC Bancorp USA Inc.
Canadian Imperial Holdings Inc.
CIBC Inc.
CIBC World Markets Corp.
CIBC Bank USA
CIBC Private Wealth Group, LLC
CIBC Delaware Trust Company
CIBC National Trust Company
CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc.
CIBC Investor Services Inc.
CIBC Life Insurance Company Limited
CIBC Mortgages Inc.
CIBC Securities Inc.
CIBC Trust Corporation
CIBC World Markets Inc.
CIBC Wood Gundy Financial Services Inc.
CIBC Wood Gundy Financial Services (Quebec) Inc.
INTRIA Items Inc.
International
CIBC Australia Ltd
CIBC Capital Markets (Europe) S.A.
CIBC Cayman Holdings Limited
CIBC Cayman Bank Limited
CIBC Cayman Capital Limited
CIBC Cayman Reinsurance Limited
CIBC Investments (Cayman) Limited
FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank and Trust Company (Cayman) Limited (91.7%)
CIBC Fund Administration Services (Asia) Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Bahamas) Limited (87.3%)
Sentry Insurance Brokers Ltd. (87.3%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Barbados) Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Cayman) Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Finance Corporation (Netherlands Antilles) N.V. (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Curacao) N.V. (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Jamaica) Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Bank (Trinidad and Tobago) Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (91.7%)
FirstCaribbean International Wealth Management Bank (Barbados) Limited (91.7%)
Address of head
or principal office
Book value of
shares owned
by CIBC
(2)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
$
444
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
New York, New York, U.S.
New York, New York, U.S.
New York, New York, U.S.
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
(3)
–
10,595
25
23
230
2
591
306
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
100
19
1,207
1,742
2,820
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Luxembourg
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
Hong Kong, China
Nassau, The Bahamas
Nassau, The Bahamas
Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados
George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
Kingston, Jamaica
Maraval, Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago
Nassau, The Bahamas
Warrens, St. Michael, Barbados
CIBC World Markets (Japan) Inc.
Tokyo, Japan
48
(1) Each subsidiary is incorporated or organized under the laws of the state or country in which the principal office is situated, except for Canadian Imperial Holdings Inc.,
CIBC Inc., CIBC World Markets Corp., CIBC Private Wealth Group, LLC, CIBC Private Wealth Advisors, Inc., and CIBC Bancorp USA Inc., which were incorporated or
organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, U.S.; CIBC National Trust Company, which was organized under the laws of the U.S.; and CIBC World Markets (Japan)
Inc., which was incorporated in Barbados.
(2) The book value of shares of subsidiaries is shown at cost and may include non-voting common and preferred shares. These amounts are eliminated upon consolidation.
(3) The book value of shares owned by CIBC is less than $1 million.
In addition to the above, we consolidate certain SEs where we have control over the SE. See Note 6 for additional details.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 189
Consolidated financial statements
Note 27
Financial instruments – disclosures
Certain disclosures required by IFRS 7 are provided in the shaded sections of the “MD&A – Management of risk”, as permitted by IFRS. The
following table provides a cross referencing of those disclosures in the MD&A.
Description
For each type of risk arising from financial instruments, an entity shall disclose: the exposure to risks and how they
arise; objectives, policies and processes used for managing the risks; methods used to measure the risk; and
description of collateral.
Credit risk: gross exposure to credit risk, credit quality and concentration of exposures.
Market risk: trading portfolios – Value-at-Risk (VaR); stressed VaR, incremental risk charge, non-trading portfolios –
interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and equity risk.
Liquidity risk: liquid assets, maturity of financial assets and liabilities, and credit commitments.
Section
Risk overview
Credit risk
Market risk
Liquidity risk
Operational risk
Reputation and legal risks
Conduct risk
Regulatory compliance risk
Credit risk
Market risk
Liquidity risk
We have provided quantitative disclosures related to credit risk consistent with Basel guidelines in the “Credit risk” section of the MD&A. The table
below sets out the categories of the on-balance sheet exposures that are subject to the credit risk framework as set out in the CAR Guideline issued
by OSFI under the different Basel approaches based on the carrying value of those exposures in our consolidated financial statements. The credit
risk framework includes CCR exposures arising from OTC derivatives, repo-style transactions and trades cleared through CCPs, as well as
securitization exposures. Items not subject to the credit risk framework include exposures that are subject to the market risk framework, amounts
that are not subject to capital requirements or are subject to deduction from capital, and amounts relating to CIBC’s insurance subsidiaries, which
are excluded from the scope of regulatory consolidation.
$ millions, as at October 31
2023
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale agreements
Loans
Allowance for credit losses
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other assets
IRB
approach (1)
Standardized
approach
Other
credit risk (2)
$
39,692
129,320
14,571
80,184
467,047
(3,078)
33,243
10,574
20,661
$ 13,798
16,070
80
–
60,868
(824)
–
358
465
$
2,228
–
–
–
1,620
–
–
(116)
7,233
$
Total
subject to
credit risk
55,718
145,390
14,651
80,184
529,535
(3,902)
33,243
10,816
28,359
Not
subject to
credit risk
Total
consolidated
balance sheet
$
–
65,958
–
–
3,704
–
–
–
12,063
$
55,718
211,348
14,651
80,184
533,239
(3,902)
33,243
10,816
40,422
Total credit exposures
$ 792,214
$ 90,815
$ 10,965
$ 893,994
$ 81,725
$ 975,719
2022
Total credit exposures
$ 781,668
$ 86,056
$ 11,955
$ 879,679
$ 63,918
$ 943,597
(1) Effective in the second quarter of 2023, the IRB approach includes both the Advanced IRB (AIRB) approach and the Foundation IRB (FIRB) approach.
(2) Includes credit risk exposures arising from other assets that are subject to the credit risk framework but are not included in the standardized or IRB frameworks, including
other balance sheet assets which are risk-weighted at 100%, significant investments in the capital of non-financial institutions, and amounts below the thresholds for capital
deduction that are risk-weighted at 250%.
190 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Note 28 Offsetting financial assets and liabilities
The following table identifies the amounts that have been offset on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with the requirements of IAS 32
“Financial Instruments: Presentation”, and also those amounts that are subject to enforceable netting agreements but do not qualify for offsetting on
the consolidated balance sheet either because we do not have a currently enforceable legal right to set-off the recognized amounts, or because we
do not intend to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Amounts subject to enforceable netting agreements
Gross
amounts of
recognized
financial
assets
Gross
amounts
offset on the
consolidated
balance sheet
(1)
Related amounts not set-off on
the consolidated balance sheet
Net
amounts
Financial
instruments
(2)
Collateral
(3)
received
Net
amounts
Amounts not
subject to
enforceable
netting
agreements (4)
Net amounts
presented on
the consolidated
balance sheet
$ millions, as at October 31
2023 Financial assets
Derivatives
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale
–
–
–
–
agreements
83,454
(3,270)
80,184
$ 30,610
14,651
$
(49) $ 30,561 $ (21,787) $
–
14,651
(2,184) $ 6,590
1,415
(13,236)
$ 2,682
–
$ 33,243
14,651
(75,851)
4,333
–
80,184
$ 128,715
$ (3,319) $ 125,396 $ (21,787) $
(91,271) $ 12,338
$ 2,682
$ 128,078
Financial liabilities
Derivatives
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold
under repurchase agreements
$ 38,349
8,081
$
(49) $ 38,300 $ (21,787) $
–
8,081
90,388
(3,270)
87,118
(7,367) $ 9,146
899
(7,182)
$ 2,990
–
$ 41,290
8,081
(86,645)
473
–
87,118
$ 136,818
$ (3,319) $ 133,499 $ (21,787) $ (101,194) $ 10,518
$ 2,990
$ 136,489
2022 Financial assets
Derivatives
Cash collateral on securities borrowed
Securities purchased under resale
$ 39,731
15,326
$
(4) $ 39,727 $ (25,999) $
–
15,326
–
(5,974) $ 7,754
433
(14,893)
$ 3,308
–
$ 43,035
15,326
agreements
72,489
(3,276)
69,213
–
(65,720)
3,493
–
69,213
$ 127,546
$ (3,280) $ 124,266 $ (25,999) $
(86,587) $ 11,680
$ 3,308
$ 127,574
Financial liabilities
Derivatives
Cash collateral on securities lent
Obligations related to securities sold
under repurchase agreements
$ 47,369
4,853
$
(4) $ 47,365 $ (25,999) $
–
4,853
–
(12,910) $ 8,456
123
(4,730)
$ 4,975
–
$ 52,340
4,853
80,447
(3,276)
77,171
–
(73,605)
3,566
–
77,171
$ 132,669
$ (3,280) $ 129,389 $ (25,999) $
(91,245) $ 12,145
$ 4,975
$ 134,364
(1) Comprises amounts related to financial instruments which qualify for offsetting. This amount excludes derivatives which are settled-to-market (STM) as STM derivatives are
settled on a daily basis, resulting in derecognition, rather than offsetting, of the related amounts.
(2) Comprises amounts subject to set-off under enforceable netting agreements, such as ISDA agreements, derivative exchange or clearing counterparty agreements, global
master repurchase agreements, and global master securities lending agreements. Under such arrangements, all outstanding transactions governed by the relevant
agreement can be offset if an event of default or other predetermined event occurs.
(3) Collateral received and pledged amounts are reflected at fair value, but have been limited to the net balance sheet exposure so as not to include any over-collateralization.
(4) Includes exchange-traded derivatives and derivatives which are STM.
The offsetting and collateral arrangements discussed above and other credit risk mitigation strategies used by CIBC are further explained in the
“Credit risk” section of the MD&A. Certain amounts of securities received as collateral are restricted from being sold or re-pledged.
Note 29
Interest income and expense
The table below provides the consolidated interest income and expense by accounting categories.
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
2023 Measured at amortized cost
(1)
(2)
Debt securities measured at FVOCI
Other
(3)
(1)
Total
2022 Measured at amortized cost
(1)
(2)
Debt securities measured at FVOCI
Other (3)
(1)
Total
Interest
income
$ 39,705
2,808
2,506
$ 45,019
$ 19,140
855
2,184
$ 22,179
Interest
expense
$ 30,712
n/a
1,482
$ 32,194
$
8,778
n/a
760
$
9,538
(1) Interest income for financial instruments that are measured at amortized cost and debt securities that are measured at FVOCI is calculated using the effective interest rate
method.
(2) Includes interest income on sublease-related assets and interest expense on lease liabilities under IFRS 16.
(3) Includes interest income and expense and dividend income for financial instruments that are mandatorily measured and designated at FVTPL and equity securities
designated at FVOCI.
n/a Not applicable.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 191
Consolidated financial statements
Note 30
Segmented and geographic information
CIBC has four SBUs – Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial
Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services. These SBUs are supported by Corporate and Other.
Canadian Personal and Business Banking provides personal and business clients across Canada with financial advice, services and solutions
through banking centres, as well as mobile and online channels, to help make their ambitions a reality.
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides high-touch, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management services
to middle-market companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families across Canada, as well as asset management services to
institutional investors.
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management provides tailored, relationship-oriented banking and wealth management solutions across
the U.S., focusing on middle-market and mid-corporate companies, entrepreneurs, high-net-worth individuals and families, as well as operating
personal and small business banking services in four U.S. markets.
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services provides integrated global markets products and services, investment banking and corporate
banking solutions, and top-ranked research to our clients around the world, and leverages CIBC’s digital capabilities to provide a cohesive set of
direct banking, direct investing and innovative multi-currency payment solutions for CIBC’s clients.
Corporate and Other includes the following functional groups – Technology, Infrastructure and Innovation, Risk Management, People, Culture
and Brand, Finance and Enterprise Strategy, as well as other support groups. The expenses of these functional and support groups are generally
allocated to the business lines within the SBUs. Corporate and Other also includes the results of CIBC FirstCaribbean and other portfolio
investments, as well as other income statement and balance sheet items not directly attributable to the business lines.
Business unit allocations
Revenue, expenses, and other balance sheet resources related to certain activities are generally allocated to the lines of business within the SBUs.
Treasury activities impact the financial results of the SBUs. Each line of business within our SBUs is charged or credited with a market-based
cost of funds on assets and liabilities, respectively, which impacts the revenue performance of the SBUs. This market-based cost of funds takes into
account the cost of maintaining sufficient regulatory capital to support business requirements, including the cost of preferred shares. Once the
interest and liquidity risks inherent in our client-driven assets and liabilities are transfer priced into Treasury, they are managed within CIBC’s risk
framework and limits. Capital is attributed to the SBUs based on the estimated amount of regulatory capital required to support their businesses,
which is intended to consistently measure and align the costs with the underlying benefits and risks associated with SBU activities. Earnings on
unattributed capital remain in Corporate and Other.
We review our transfer pricing methodologies on an ongoing basis to ensure they reflect changing market environments and industry
practices.
We use a Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel allocation management model to measure and report the results of
operations of various lines of business within our SBUs. The model uses certain estimates and methodologies to process internal transfers between
the impacted lines of business for sales, renewals and trailer commissions as well as certain attributable costs. Periodically, the sales, renewals and
trailer commission rates paid to customer segments for certain products/services are revised and applied prospectively.
The non-interest expenses of the functional and support groups are generally allocated to the business lines within the SBUs based on
appropriate criteria and methodologies. The basis of allocation is reviewed periodically to reflect changes in support to business lines. Other costs
not directly attributable to business lines remain in Corporate and Other.
We recognize provision for credit losses on both impaired (stage 3) and performing (stages 1 and 2) loans in the respective SBUs.
192 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Consolidated financial statements
Results by reporting segments and geographic areas
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Canadian
Personal
and Business
Banking
Canadian
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
U.S.
Commercial
Banking
and Wealth
Management
Capital
Markets
and Direct
Financial
Services
Corporate
and Other
CIBC
Total
Canada (1)
U.S. (1)
Caribbean
(1)
Other
countries
(1)
2023 Net interest income
(2)
Non-interest income
(3) 4)
(
$
Total revenue
Provision for (reversal of)
credit losses
Amortization and impairment
Other non-interest expenses
(5)
Income (loss) before income
taxes
Income taxes (2)
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to:
Non-controlling interests
Equity shareholders
7,247
2,160
9,407
986
237
4,937
3,247
889
$ 1,812
3,591
5,403
143
2
2,689
2,569
691
$ 1,889 $
803
2,692
850
115
1,351
376
(3)
1,942 $
3,546
(65) $ 12,825 $
398
10,498
8,929 $
7,467
5,488
333
23,323
16,396
19
7
2,714
2,748
762
12
782
1,515
2,010
1,143
13,206
1,146
890
10,411
(1,976)
(408)
6,964
1,931
3,949
1,358
2,287
1,877
4,164
853
144
1,920
1,247
328
$ 1,475
582
$
2,057
12
89
622
1,334
125
$
2,358
$ 1,878
$
379 $
1,986 $
(1,568) $
5,033 $
2,591 $
919
$ 1,209
$
$
–
2,358
$
–
1,878
$
– $
– $
38 $
38 $
– $
379
1,986
(1,606)
4,995
2,591
–
919
$
38
1,171
$
134
572
706
(1)
20
253
434
120
314
–
314
Average assets
(6)(7)
$ 319,787
$ 91,630
$ 60,637 $ 287,564 $ 188,503 $ 948,121 $ 715,540 $ 163,478
$ 45,782
$ 23,321
2022 Net interest income
Non-interest income
(2)
(3)
(4)
Total revenue
Provision for (reversal of)
credit losses
Amortization and impairment (5)
Other non-interest expenses
Income (loss) before income
taxes
Income taxes (2)
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to:
Non-controlling interests
Equity shareholders
2,814 $
2,187
(157) $ 12,641 $
369
9,192
9,870 $
6,467
5,001
212
21,833
16,337
$
6,657
2,252
8,909
876
226
4,749
3,058
809
$ 1,672
3,582
5,254
23
2
2,654
2,575
680
$ 1,655 $
802
2,457
218
113
1,215
(62)
6
2,431
2
700
707
1,057
1,047
11,756
911
151
2,626
718
(1,197)
(628)
7,973
1,730
1,732
1,551
3,283
191
136
1,690
1,266
320
864
824
9,299
5,350
1,195
$
2,249
$ 1,895
$
760 $
1,908 $
(569) $
6,243 $
4,155 $
946
$
–
2,249
$
–
1,895
$
– $
– $
23 $
23 $
– $
760
1,908
(592)
6,220
4,155
–
946
$
$
873
718
1,591
1
67
535
988
116
872
23
849
$
$
$
$
166
456
622
1
20
232
369
99
270
–
270
Average assets
(6)
(7)
$ 305,070
$ 84,693
$ 53,983
$ 284,259
$ 172,208
$ 900,213
$ 685,956
$ 147,723
$ 43,123
$ 23,411
(1) Net income and average assets are allocated based on the geographic location where they are recorded.
(2) Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services net interest income and income taxes include taxable equivalent basis (TEB) adjustments of $254 million (2022: $211 million)
with an equivalent offset in Corporate and Other.
(3) The fee and commission income within non-interest income consists primarily of underwriting and advisory fees, deposit and payment fees, credit fees, card fees,
investment management and custodial fees, mutual fund fees and commissions on securities transactions. Underwriting and advisory fees are earned primarily in Capital
Markets and Direct Financial Services with the remainder earned in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Deposit and payment fees are earned
primarily in Canadian Personal and Business Banking, with the remainder earned mainly in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Capital Markets and
Direct Financial Services, and Corporate and Other. Credit fees are earned primarily in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, Capital Markets and
Direct Financial Services, and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Card fees are earned primarily in Canadian Personal and Business Banking, with the
remainder earned mainly in Corporate and Other. Investment management and custodial fees are earned primarily in Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth
Management and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, with the remainder earned mainly in Corporate and Other. Mutual fund fees are earned primarily in
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management and U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management. Commissions on securities transactions are earned
primarily in Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services, and Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management.
(4) Includes intersegment revenue, which represents internal sales commissions and revenue allocations under the Product Owner/Customer Segment/Distributor Channel
allocation management model.
(5) Comprises amortization and impairment of buildings, right-of-use assets, furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements, software and other intangible assets, and goodwill.
(6) Assets are disclosed on an average basis as this measure is most relevant to a financial institution and is the measure reviewed by management.
(7) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
The following table provides a breakdown of revenue from our reporting segments:
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Canadian Personal and Business Banking
Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Commercial banking
Wealth management
U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management
Commercial banking
Wealth management
Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services (1)
Global markets
Corporate and investment banking
Direct financial services
Corporate and Other (1)
International banking
Other
2023
$ 9,407
2022
$ 8,909
$ 2,501
2,902
$ 5,403
$ 1,786
906
$ 2,692
$ 2,614
1,637
1,237
$ 5,488
$ 2,278
2,976
$ 5,254
$ 1,613
844
$ 2,457
$ 2,322
1,700
979
$ 5,001
$
$
956
(623)
333
$
$
778
(566)
212
(1) Capital Markets and Direct Financial Services revenue includes a TEB adjustment of $254 million (2022: $211 million) with an equivalent offset in Corporate and Other.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 193
Consolidated financial statements
Note 31
Future accounting policy changes
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” (IFRS 17)
IFRS 17, issued in May 2017, replaces IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts” (IFRS 4). In June 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 17 partly aimed
at helping companies implement the standard. IFRS 17, incorporating the amendments, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or
after January 1, 2023, which for us will be November 1, 2023. IFRS 17 provides comprehensive guidance on the recognition, measurement,
presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts we issue and reinsurance contracts we hold. IFRS 17 requires groups of insurance contracts to
be established and measured on the basis of fulfilment cash flows using the measurement models outlined by the standard. Insurance contracts
under the General Measurement Model (GMM) are measured based on the present value of fulfilment cash flows, a risk adjustment for non-financial
risks, and a contractual service margin (CSM) representing our unearned profits on a portfolio basis, further disaggregated into profitability groups.
We expect to apply GMM to our insurance contracts with contract boundaries exceeding a year. Contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach
(PAA) are measured on the basis of premiums received and related cash flows. We expect to apply the PAA measurement model to our insurance
contracts with contract boundaries shorter than a year. Under both measurement models, the liability for incurred claims is measured on the basis of
fulfilment cash flows relating to claims incurred. Key differences between IFRS 4 and IFRS 17 which are applicable to CIBC include the following:
Under IFRS 4, gains or losses from new business are recognized immediately. Under IFRS 17, gains from new business are deferred and
recognized over time as insurance services are provided. If a group of contracts is expected to be onerous at initial recognition or turns
onerous subsequently, the losses will be recognized immediately.
Under IFRS 4, the discount rate used to measure the insurance contract liability is determined on the basis of the assets supporting the
insurance liability. Under IFRS 17, the discount rate used to measure the insurance contracts issued and reinsurance held is based upon the
characteristics of the insurance contract.
We expect to adopt IFRS 17 retrospectively for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2023, with a restatement of the 2023 comparative period. The
after-tax reduction to retained earnings is expected to be approximately $55 million at the beginning of the comparative year as of November 1, 2022.
International Tax Reform Pillar Two Model Rules – Amendments to IAS 12 “Income Taxes” (IAS 12)
On May 23, 2023, the IASB issued “International Tax Reform – Pillar Two Model Rules”, which amended IAS 12, to provide temporary relief from the
accounting and disclosure for deferred taxes arising from the implementation of Pillar Two model rules published by the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development. The Pillar Two model rules provide a general framework for the implementation of a 15% global minimum tax, which
is to be applied on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. CIBC has retrospectively adopted this amendment and applied the exception to recognizing
and disclosing deferred taxes related to Pillar Two income taxes. Further amendments require certain additional disclosures on Pillar Two income
tax exposures as of CIBC’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2023.
194 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Quarterly review
Condensed consolidated statement of income
Unaudited, $ millions, for the three months ended
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2023
Jan. 31
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Net income attributable to non-controlling
interests
Preferred shareholders and other equity
instrument holders
Common shareholders
$
3,197 $
2,647
3,236 $
2,614
3,187 $
2,515
3,205 $
2,722
3,185 $
2,203
3,236 $
2,335
3,088 $
2,288
5,844
541
3,440
1,863
380
5,850
736
3,307
1,807
377
5,702
438
3,140
2,124
436
5,927
295
4,462
1,170
738
5,388
436
3,483
1,469
284
5,571
243
3,183
2,145
479
5,376
303
3,114
1,959
436
$
$
1,483 $
1,430 $
1,688 $
432 $
1,185 $
1,666 $
1,523 $
1,869
8 $
10 $
11 $
9
$
7 $
6
$
5
$
5
62
1,413
66
1,354
67
1,610
72
351
37
1,141
46
1,614
47
1,471
41
1,823
Net income attributable to equity shareholders $
1,475 $
1,420 $
1,677 $
423 $
1,178 $
1,660 $
1,518 $
1,864
Condensed consolidated balance sheet
Unaudited, $ millions, as at
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2023
Jan. 31
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2022
Jan. 31
3,132
2,366
5,498
75
3,023
2,400
531
2022
Jan. 31
43,350
179,003
Assets
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased under
resale agreements
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal and credit card
Business and government
Allowance for credit losses
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under acceptances
Other assets
Liabilities and equity
Deposits
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Obligations related to securities lent or sold
short or under repurchase agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Equity
$
55,718 $
40,412 $
53,291 $
51,469 $
63,861 $
45,334 $
48,020 $
211,348
207,113
193,003
187,350
175,879
176,849
172,273
94,835
87,385
80,047
77,628
84,539
75,412
79,047
81,071
274,244
64,125
194,870
(3,902)
33,243
10,816
40,422
272,525
63,731
194,350
(3,715)
30,035
11,325
39,840
271,359
62,091
197,343
(3,397)
28,964
10,877
41,661
270,909
61,048
190,512
(3,159)
30,425
11,996
43,813
269,706
61,908
188,542
(3,073)
43,035
11,574
47,626
267,727
60,433
179,577
(2,823)
36,284
11,681
46,316
261,986
59,056
172,475
(2,823)
46,665
11,736
45,713
257,109
53,801
164,697
(2,838)
33,066
10,618
41,787
$ 975,719 $ 943,001 $ 935,239 $ 921,991 $ 943,597 $ 896,790 $ 894,148 $ 861,664
$ 239,035 $ 235,601 $ 236,665 $ 236,095 $ 232,095 $ 228,909 $ 225,229 $ 220,082
362,362
19,794
47,470
29,236
10,656
389,225
24,561
44,843
39,374
12,000
378,363
23,271
47,914
39,439
11,685
397,188
22,523
45,766
52,340
11,586
394,491
22,094
52,319
38,513
11,339
368,969
22,495
48,794
45,054
11,767
412,561
22,296
49,484
41,290
10,820
394,950
24,784
49,518
36,401
10,907
113,865
26,672
6,483
53,213
104,704
26,094
6,455
51,391
98,419
25,474
6,615
51,506
93,163
25,505
7,317
49,908
97,308
28,117
6,292
50,382
87,170
24,856
6,359
48,824
88,901
28,701
6,291
47,947
93,980
25,261
5,531
47,292
$ 975,719 $ 943,001 $ 935,239 $ 921,991 $ 943,597 $ 896,790 $ 894,148 $ 861,664
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 195
Select financial measures
Unaudited, as at or for the three months ended
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2023
Jan. 31
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2022
Jan. 31
Return on common shareholders’ equity
Return on average assets
Average common shareholders’
(1)
equity ($ millions)
(1)
Average assets ($ millions)
Average assets to average common equity
Capital and leverage (2)
(1)
(1)
11.8 %
0.61 %
11.6 %
0.60 %
14.5 %
0.74 %
3.1 %
0.18 %
10.1 %
0.50 %
14.6 %
0.73 %
14.0 %
0.71 %
17.4 %
0.85 %
$ 47,435 $ 46,392 $ 45,597 $ 45,078 $ 44,770 $ 43,875 $ 43,155 $ 41,610
$ 962,405 $ 943,640 $ 932,775 $ 953,164 $ 947,830 $ 899,963 $ 881,909 $ 870,553
20.9
20.5
21.1
20.3
20.3
21.2
20.5
20.4
CET1 ratio
Tier 1 capital ratio
Total capital ratio
Leverage ratio
Net interest margin
Net interest margin on average
interest-earning assets
Operating leverage
Efficiency ratio
12.4 %
13.9 %
16.0 %
4.2 %
1.32 %
1.44 %
9.7 %
58.9 %
12.2 %
13.7 %
15.9 %
4.2 %
1.36 %
1.49 %
1.1 %
56.5 %
11.9 %
13.4 %
15.5 %
4.2 %
1.40 %
1.54 %
5.2 %
55.1 %
11.6 %
13.2 %
15.6 %
4.3 %
1.33 %
1.49 %
(39.8)%
75.3 %
11.7 %
13.3 %
15.3 %
4.4 %
1.33 %
1.51 %
(4.7)%
64.6 %
11.8 %
13.2 %
15.3 %
4.3 %
1.43 %
1.61 %
1.1 %
57.1 %
11.7 %
13.2 %
15.3 %
4.2 %
1.44 %
1.61 %
(4.0)%
57.9 %
12.2 %
13.8 %
15.7 %
4.3 %
1.43 %
1.60 %
(0.1)%
55.0 %
(1) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(2) RWA and our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFI’s CAR Guideline, the leverage ratio is calculated pursuant to OSFI’s Leverage Requirements Guideline, all of
which are based on BCBS standards. 2023 results reflect the impacts from the implementation of Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1, 2023. For
additional information, see the “Capital management” and “Liquidity risk” sections of the MD&A.
Common share information
Unaudited, as at or for the three months ended
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2023
Jan. 31
Oct. 31
Jul. 31
Apr. 30
2022
Jan. 31
Weighted-average basic shares
outstanding (thousands)
(1)
Per share
(1)
– basic earnings
– diluted earnings
– dividends
– book value (2)
Closing share price
Dividend payout ratio
(1)
(3)
924,798
918,551
912,297
906,770
905,120
903,742
902,489
901,870
$
1.53 $
1.53
0.870
51.61
48.91
56.9 %
1.47 $
1.47
0.870
50.05
58.08
59.0 %
1.77 $
1.76
0.850
50.52
56.80
48.1 %
0.39 $
0.39
0.850
49.12
60.74
219.6 %
1.26 $
1.26
0.830
49.95
61.87
65.9 %
1.79 $
1.78
0.830
48.97
64.78
46.4 %
1.63 $
1.62
0.805
48.09
71.01
49.4 %
2.02
2.01
0.805
47.43
79.81
39.8 %
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to the beginning of 2022. The dividend per
share amounts include the impact of rounding.
(2) Common shareholders’ equity divided by the number of common shares issued and outstanding at end of period.
(3) The closing price on the last trading day of the period, on the TSX.
196 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Ten-year statistical review
Condensed consolidated statement of income
Unaudited,
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
$ 12,825 $ 12,641 $ 11,459 $ 11,044 $ 10,551 $ 10,065 $
10,498
23,323
2,010
14,349
6,964
1,931
9,192
21,833
1,057
12,803
7,973
1,730
8,556
20,015
158
11,535
8,322
1,876
7,697
18,741
2,489
11,362
4,890
1,098
8,060
18,611
1,286
10,856
6,469
1,348
7,769
17,834
870
10,258
6,706
1,422
8,977 $
7,303
8,366 $
6,669
7,915 $
5,941
16,280
829
9,571
5,880
1,162
15,035
1,051
8,971
5,013
718
13,856
771
8,861
4,224
634
2014
7,459
5,904
13,363
937
8,512
3,914
699
Net income
$
5,033 $
6,243 $
6,446 $
3,792 $
5,121 $
5,284 $
4,718 $
4,295 $
3,590 $
3,215
Net income (loss) attributable to
non-controlling interests
$
38
$
23 $
17 $
2 $
25 $
17 $
19 $
20 $
14 $
(3)
Preferred shareholders and other
equity instrument holders
Common shareholders
Net income attributable
to equity shareholders
267
4,728
171
6,049
158
6,271
122
3,668
111
4,985
89
5,178
52
4,647
38
4,237
45
3,531
87
3,131
$
4,995 $
6,220 $
6,429 $
3,790 $
5,096 $
5,267 $
4,699 $
4,275 $
3,576 $
3,218
Condensed consolidated balance sheet
Unaudited, $ millions, as at October 31
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
Assets
Cash and deposits with banks
Securities
Securities borrowed or purchased
$ 55,718 $ 63,861 $ 56,997 $ 62,518 $ 17,359 $ 17,691 $ 14,152 $ 14,165 $ 18,637 $ 13,547
59,542
161,401
121,310
101,664
149,046
175,879
211,348
93,419
74,982
87,423
under resale agreements
94,835
84,539
79,940
74,142
59,775
48,938
45,418
33,810
33,334
36,796
Loans
Residential mortgages
Personal and credit card
Business and government
Allowance for credit losses
Derivative instruments
Customers’ liability under
acceptances
Other assets
Liabilities and equity
Deposits
Personal
Business and government
Bank
Secured borrowings
Derivative instruments
Acceptances
Obligations related to securities
lent or sold short or under
repurchase agreements
Other liabilities
Subordinated indebtedness
Non-controlling interests
Shareholders’ equity
274,244
64,125
194,870
(3,902)
33,243
269,706
61,908
188,542
(3,073)
43,035
251,526
53,031
150,213
(2,849)
35,912
221,165
53,611
135,546
(3,540)
32,730
208,652
56,406
125,798
(1,915)
23,895
207,749
55,731
109,555
(1,639)
21,431
207,271
53,315
97,766
(1,618)
24,342
187,298
50,373
71,437
(1,691)
27,762
169,258
48,321
65,276
(1,670)
26,342
157,526
47,087
56,075
(1,660)
20,680
10,816
40,422
11,574
47,626
10,958
40,554
9,606
34,727
9,167
31,157
10,265
25,714
8,824
22,375
12,364
18,416
9,796
19,033
9,212
16,098
$ 975,719 $ 943,597 $ 837,683 $ 769,551 $ 651,604 $ 597,099 $ 565,264 $ 501,357 $ 463,309 $ 414,903
$ 239,035 $ 232,095 $ 213,932 $ 202,152 $ 178,091 $ 163,879 $ 159,327 $ 148,081 $ 137,378 $ 130,085
148,793
7,732
38,783
21,841
9,212
178,850
10,785
39,644
29,057
9,796
257,502
11,224
38,895
25,113
9,188
240,149
14,380
42,607
20,973
10,296
344,388
20,246
42,592
32,101
10,961
190,240
17,842
39,484
28,807
12,395
311,426
17,011
40,151
30,508
9,649
397,188
22,523
45,766
52,340
11,586
225,622
13,789
40,968
23,271
8,828
412,561
22,296
49,484
41,290
10,820
113,865
26,672
6,483
232
52,981
97,308
28,117
6,292
201
50,181
97,133
24,961
5,539
182
45,648
89,440
22,167
5,712
181
41,154
69,258
19,069
4,684
186
38,394
47,353
18,266
4,080
173
34,943
43,708
15,305
3,209
202
31,035
24,550
12,919
3,366
201
23,472
20,149
12,223
3,874
193
21,360
23,764
10,932
4,978
164
18,619
$ 975,719 $ 943,597 $ 837,683 $ 769,551 $ 651,604 $ 597,099 $ 565,264 $ 501,357 $ 463,309 $ 414,903
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 197
Select financial measures
Unaudited,
as at or for the year ended October 31
Return on equity
Return on average assets (1)
Average common shareholders’
equity ($ millions) (1)
Average assets ($ millions) (1)
Average assets to average
common equity (1)
Capital and leverage – Basel III
CET1 ratio (2)
Tier 1 capital ratio
Total capital ratio
Leverage ratio
Net interest margin
Net interest margin on average
interest-earning assets
Operating leverage
Efficiency ratio
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
10.3 %
0.53 %
14.0 %
0.69 %
16.1 %
0.80 %
10.0 %
0.52 %
14.5 %
0.80 %
16.6 %
0.88 %
18.3 %
0.87 %
19.9 %
0.84 %
18.7 %
0.79 %
18.3 %
0.78 %
$ 46,130
$ 948,121
$ 43,354
$ 900,213
$ 38,881
$ 809,621
$ 36,792
$ 735,492
$ 34,467
$ 639,716
$ 31,184
$ 598,441
$ 25,393
$ 542,365
$ 21,275
$ 509,140
$ 18,857
$ 455,324
$ 17,067
$ 411,481
20.6
20.8
20.8
20.0
18.6
19.2
21.4
23.9
24.1
24.1
12.4 %
13.9 %
16.0 %
4.2 %
1.35 %
1.49 %
(5.2)%
61.5 %
11.7 %
13.3 %
15.3 %
4.4 %
1.40 %
1.58 %
(1.9)%
58.6 %
12.4 %
14.1 %
16.2 %
4.7 %
1.42 %
1.59 %
5.3 %
57.6 %
12.1 %
13.6 %
16.1 %
4.7 %
1.50 %
1.69 %
(4.0)%
60.6 %
11.6 %
12.9 %
15.0 %
4.3 %
1.65 %
1.84 %
(1.5)%
58.3 %
11.4 %
12.9 %
14.9 %
4.3 %
1.68 %
1.88 %
2.4 %
57.5 %
10.6 %
12.1 %
13.8 %
4.0 %
1.66 %
1.85 %
1.6 %
58.8 %
11.3 %
12.8 %
14.8 %
4.0 %
1.64 %
1.88 %
7.3 %
59.7 %
10.8 %
12.5 %
15.0 %
3.9 %
1.74 %
2.00 %
(0.4)%
63.9 %
10.3 %
12.2 %
15.5 %
n/a
1.81 %
2.05 %
(6.7)%
63.7 %
(1) Average balances are calculated as a weighted average of daily closing balances.
(2) RWA and our capital ratios are calculated pursuant to OSFI’s CAR Guideline, the leverage ratio is calculated pursuant to OSFI’s Leverage Requirements Guideline, all of
which are based on BCBS standards. 2023 results reflect the impacts from the implementation of Basel III reforms that became effective as of February 1, 2023. For
additional information, see the “Capital management” and “Liquidity risk” sections of the MD&A.
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity
Unaudited,
$ millions, for the year ended October 31
Balance at beginning of year
Adjustment for change in
accounting policy
Premium on purchase of
common shares
Changes in share capital
Preferred and other equity
instruments
Common
Changes in contributed surplus
Changes in OCI
Net income
Dividends and distributions
Preferred and other equity
instruments
Common
Non-controlling interests
Other
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
$ 50,382
$ 45,830
$ 41,335
$ 38,580
$ 35,116
$ 31,237
$ 23,673
$ 21,553
$ 18,783
$ 17,994
–
–
2
1,356
(6)
(131)
4,995
(267)
(3,149)
31
–
–
(105)
598
375
5
570
6,220
(171)
(2,954)
19
(5)
–
–
750
443
(7)
(339)
6,429
(158)
(2,622)
1
(2)
148 (1)
6 (2)
(91) (3)
(166)
(79)
(313)
750
317
(8)
647
3,790
(122)
(2,592)
(5)
(4)
575
348
(11)
122
5,096
(111)
(2,488)
13
(7)
453
695
(1)
317
5,267
(89)
(2,356)
(25)
22
–
–
797
4,522
65
(338)
4,699
(52)
(2,121)
1
(9)
–
(209)
–
213
(4)
(248)
4,275
(38)
(1,879)
8
2
–
(9)
– (4)
(250)
(31)
31
1
933
3,576
(45)
(1,708)
29
(7)
(675)
29
(7)
145
3,218
(87)
(1,567)
(11)
(6)
Balance at end of year
$ 53,213
$ 50,382
$ 45,830
$ 41,335
$ 38,580
$ 35,116
$ 31,237
$ 23,673
$ 21,553
$ 18,783
(1) Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 16 “Leases”.
(2) Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”.
(3) Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”.
(4) Represents the impact of adoption of IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements”.
198 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Common share information
Unaudited, as at or for the
year ended October 31
Weighted-average basic
shares outstanding
(thousands)
(1)
Per share
(1)
– basic earnings
– diluted earnings
– dividends
– book value
(3)
Closing share price
Dividend payout ratio
(1)(4)
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
915,631
903,312
897,906
890,870
888,648
886,163 (2)
825,271
790,778
794,426
795,241
$
5.16 $
5.16
3.440
51.61
48.91
66.6 %
6.70 $
6.68
3.270
49.95
61.87
48.8 %
6.98 $
6.96
2.920
45.83
75.09
41.8 %
4.12 $
4.11
2.910
42.03
49.69
70.7 %
5.61 $
5.60
2.800
39.94
56.16
49.9 %
5.84 $
5.82
2.660
36.92
56.84
45.5 %
5.63 $
5.62
2.540
33.28
56.78
45.6 %
5.36 $
5.35
2.375
28.30
50.25
44.3 %
4.45 $
4.44
2.150
25.63
50.14
48.4 %
3.94
3.93
1.970
44.30
51.45
50.0 %
(1) On April 7, 2022, CIBC shareholders approved a two-for-one share split (Share Split) of CIBC’s issued and outstanding common shares. Each shareholder of record at the
close of business on May 6, 2022 (Record Date) received one additional share on May 13, 2022 (Payment Date) for every one share held on the Record Date. All common
share numbers and per common share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Share Split as if it was retroactively applied to all periods presented. The dividend per
share amounts include the impact of rounding.
(2) Excludes 4,021,780 common shares (adjusted for the Share Split noted above) which were issued and outstanding but which had not been acquired by a third-party as at
October 31, 2017. These shares were issued as a component of our acquisition of The PrivateBank.
(3) Common shareholders’ equity divided by the number of common shares issued and outstanding at end of year.
(4) The closing price on the last trading day of the year, on the TSX.
(1)
Preferred shares and other equity instruments
Unaudited, for the year ended
October 31
Preferred shares
(2)
Class A
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
Series 26
Series 27
Series 29
Series 33
Series 35
Series 37
Series 39
Series 41
Series 43
Series 45 (3)
Series 47
Series 49
Series 51
Series 56 (4)
$
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9283
0.9773
0.7858
–
1.3834
1.3000
1.2875
82.1248
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9283
0.9773
0.7858
0.8250
1.1250
1.3000
1.2875
–
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9283
0.9773
0.7858
1.1000
1.1250
1.3000
1.2875
–
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9283
0.9673
0.8714
1.1000
1.1250
1.3000
1.2875
–
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9633
0.9375
0.9000
1.1000
1.1250
0.9990
0.5256
–
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9750
0.9375
0.9000
1.1000
0.8769
–
–
–
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9750
0.9375
0.9000
0.4551
–
–
–
–
– $
–
–
–
–
–
0.9750
0.9375
0.9000
–
–
–
–
–
– $ 1.4375
1.4000
1.3500
1.0031
0.8125
1.2188
0.3793
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.3500
0.6750
–
–
–
0.9750
0.8203
0.5764
–
–
–
–
–
Other equity instruments
Limited Recourse
Capital Notes (5)
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
4.375 %
4.000 %
7.150 %
4.375 %
4.000 %
7.150 %
4.375 %
4.000 %
– %
4.375 %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
– %
(1) The dividends and distributions are adjusted for the number of days during the year that the share and other equity instruments are outstanding at the time of issuance and
redemption.
(2) Represents dividends declared and paid.
(3) Series 45 preferred shares were redeemed on July 29, 2022.
(4) Series 56 preferred shares were issued on September 16, 2022.
(5) Represents the annual interest rate percentage applicable to the LRCNs issued as at October 31 for each respective year.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 199
Shareholder information
Fiscal Year
November 1st to October 31st
Key Dates
Reporting dates 2024
First quarter results – Thursday, February 29, 2024
Second quarter results – Thursday, May 30, 2024
Third quarter results – Thursday, August 29, 2024
Fourth quarter results – Thursday, December 5, 2024
Annual Meeting of Shareholders 2024
CIBC’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held on April 4, 2024. For more details, please visit our Annual Meeting webpage at
https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/investor-relations/annual-meeting.html.
Common shares of CIBC (CM) are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. Preferred
shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Dividends
Quarterly dividends were paid on CIBC common and preferred shares in 2023:
Common shares
Record date
Sep 28/23
Jun 28/23
Mar 28/23
Dec 28/22
Preferred shares
Stock
Ticker symbol
Quarterly dividend
Semi-annual dividend
Payment date
Dividends per share
Oct 27/23
Jul 28/23
Apr 28/23
Jan 27/23
$0.870
$0.870
$0.850
$0.850
Number of common shares
on record date
924,558,194
918,646,499
912,156,137
906,490,787
Series 39
Series 41
Series 43
Series 47
Series 49
Series 51
Series 56
CM.PR.O
$0.232063
n/a
CM.PR.P
$0.244313
n/a
CM.PR.Q
$0.196438
n/a
CM.PR.S
$0.367375
n/a
CM.PR.T
$0.325000
n/a
CM.PR.Y
$0.321875
n/a
n/a
n/a
$36.825000
2024 dividend payment dates
(Subject to approval by the CIBC Board of Directors)
Record dates
December 28, 2023
March 28, 2024
June 28, 2024
September 27, 2024
Payment dates
January 29, 2024
April 29, 2024
July 29, 2024
October 28, 2024
Eligible dividends
CIBC designates any and all dividends paid or deemed for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income tax purposes to be paid on or after
January 1, 2006 to be “eligible dividends”, unless otherwise indicated in respect of dividends paid subsequent to this notification, and hereby
notifies all recipients of such dividends of this designation.
Regulatory capital
Information on CIBC’s regulatory capital instruments and regulatory capital position may be found at https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/investor-
relations/regulatory-capital-instruments.html.
Credit ratings
Credit rating information can be found on pages 81 – 82 in this Annual Report.
Shareholder investment plan
All Canadian and U.S. resident registered holders of CIBC common shares and designated Class A preferred shares may participate in one or more
of the following options and pay no brokerage commissions or service charges:
Dividend reinvestment option – Canadian residents may have dividends reinvested in additional CIBC common shares.
Share purchase option – Canadian residents may purchase up to $50,000 of additional CIBC common shares during the fiscal year.
Stock dividend option – U.S. residents may elect to receive stock dividends on CIBC common shares.
Further information is available through TSX Trust Company and on the CIBC website at www.cibc.com.
200 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
Transfer agent and registrar
For information relating to shareholdings, shareholder investment plan, dividends, direct dividend deposit, dividend reinvestment accounts and lost
certificates, or to eliminate duplicate mailings of shareholder material, please contact:
TSX Trust Company, 301-100 Adelaide St. West, Toronto, ON M5H 4H1,
416 682-3860 or 1 800 387-0825 (Canada and the U.S. only), fax 1 888 249-6189 or 514 985-8843, Email: shareholderinquiries@tmx.com,
website: www.tsxtrust.com.
Common and preferred shares are transferable in Canada at the offices of our agent, TSX Trust Company, in Toronto, Montreal, Calgary and
Vancouver.
In the U.S., common shares are transferable at:
Computershare Inc., By Mail: P.O. Box 43078 Providence, RI 02940; By Overnight Delivery: 150 Royall St., Canton, MA 02021, 1 800-522-6645,
website: www.computershare.com/investor.
Registered shareholders can opt to have their shares recorded electronically in the Direct Registration System (DRS). Please contact our transfer
agent for details.
How to reach us:
CIBC Head Office
81 Bay Street, CIBC SQUARE,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5J 0E7
SWIFT code: CIBCCATT
Website: www.cibc.com
Investor Relations
Email:
Mailbox.InvestorRelations@cibc.com
Corporate Secretary
Email:
corporate.secretary@cibc.com
Client Complaint Appeals Office
(CCAO)
Toll-free across Canada: 1-888-947-5207
Email:
mailbox.clientcomplaintappeals@cibc.com
CIBC Telephone Banking
Toll-free across Canada: 1 800 465-2422
Communications and Public Affairs
Email: Mailbox.Communications@cibc.com
Client Care
Toll-free across Canada: 1 800 465-2255
Email: client.care@cibc.com
Where to find more information
CIBC Annual Report 2023
Additional print copies of the Annual Report will be available in March 2024 and may be obtained by emailing Mailbox.InvestorRelations@cibc.com.
The Annual Report is also available online at www.cibc.com/ca/investor-relations/annual-reports.html.
Des exemplaires supplémentaires du Rapport annuel seront disponibles en mars 2024 et peuvent être commandés par courriel à
relationsinvestisseurs@cibc.com. Le Rapport annuel est aussi disponible à l’adresse www.cibc.com/ca/investor-relations/annual-reports-fr.html.
CIBC Sustainability Report and Public Accountability Statement 2023
This report reviews our economic, environmental, social and governance activities over the past year and will be available in March 2024 at
https://www.cibc.com/en/about-cibc/corporate-responsibility.html.
Management Proxy Circular 2024
The Management Proxy Circular contains information for shareholders about CIBC’s annual meeting, including information relating to the election of
CIBC’s directors, appointment of auditors and shareholder proposals, as well as other matters. The 2024 Proxy Circular will be available in
March 2024 at www.cibc.com.
Corporate Governance
CIBC’s Statement of Corporate Governance Practices describes the governance framework that guides the Board and management in fulfilling their
obligations to CIBC and our shareholders. This statement and other information on Corporate Governance at CIBC, including our CIBC Code of
Conduct for all employees and Directors, can be found on our corporate website at www.cibc.com/ca/inside-cibc/governance/governance-
practices.html.
Regulatory Filings
In Canada with the Canadian Securities Administrators at www.sedarplus.ca.
In the U.S. with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.
Incorporation
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is a diversified financial institution governed by the Bank Act (Canada). CIBC was formed through the
amalgamation of The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada in 1961.
The Canadian Bank of Commerce was originally incorporated as Bank of Canada by special act of the legislature of the Province of Canada in
1858. Subsequently, the name was changed to The Canadian Bank of Commerce and it opened for business under that name in 1867. Imperial
Bank of Canada was incorporated in 1875 by special act of the Parliament of Canada and commenced operations in that year.
Trademarks
Trademarks used in this Annual Report which are owned by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, or its subsidiaries in Canada and/or other
countries include, “Ambition”, “Ambitions Made Real”, “Aventura”, “CIBC Agility”, “CIBC Bank USA Smart Account”, the CIBC logo, “CIBC
eAdvantage”, “CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank”, “CIBC ForeignCash Online”, “CIBC Global Money Transfer”, “CIBC GoalPlanner”, “CIBC
Investor’s Edge”, “CIBC Miracle Day”, “CIBC Mobile Banking”, “CIBC Private Wealth”, “CIBC Smart”, “CIBC Smart Planner”, “CIBC SmartBanking”,
“Simplii Financial” and “Wood Gundy”. All other trademarks mentioned in this annual report which are not owned by Canadian Imperial Bank of
Commerce or its subsidiaries, are the property of their respective owners.
CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT 201
Board of Directors:
Katharine B. Stevenson
Chair of the Board
CIBC
Corporate Director
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2011
Michelle L. Collins
(AC)
President
Cambium LLC
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Joined in 2017
Ammar Aljoundi
(RMC)
President and Chief Executive Officer
Agnico Eagle Mines Limited
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2022
Charles J. G. Brindamour
(RMC)
Chief Executive Officer
Intact Financial Corporation
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2020
Nanci E. Caldwell
(CGC – Chair, MRCC)
Corporate Director
Woodside, California, U.S.A.
Joined in 2015
Luc Desjardins
(CGC, MRCC)
Corporate Director
Montréal, Québec, Canada
Joined in 2009
Victor G. Dodig
President and Chief Executive Officer
CIBC
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2014
Kevin J. Kelly
(MRCC – Chair)
Corporate Director
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2013
Christine E. Larsen
(MRCC)
Corporate Director
Montclair, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Joined in 2016
Mary Lou Maher
(AC – Chair)
Corporate Director
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2021
William F. Morneau
Corporate Director
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joined in 2022
Mark Podlasly
Chief Sustainability Officer
First Nations Major Projects
Coalition
West Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Joined in 2023
Martine Turcotte
(AC, CGC)
Corporate Director
Verdun, Québec, Canada
Joined in 2014
Barry L. Zubrow
(CGC, RMC – Chair)
Chief Executive Officer
ITB LLC
West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.A.
Joined in 2015
AC – Audit Committee
CGC – Corporate Governance Committee
MRCC – Management Resources and Compensation Committee
RMC – Risk Management Committee
202 CIBC 2023 ANNUAL REPORT