CareCloud
Annual Report 2017

Plain-text annual report

SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION EDGAR FILING MTBC, Inc. Form: 10-K Date Filed: 2018-03-07 Corporate Issuer CIK: 1582982 © Copyright 2019, Issuer Direct Corporation. All Right Reserved. Distribution of this document is strictly prohibited, subject to the terms of use. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark one) [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 or [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-36529 MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 7 Clyde Road Somerset, New Jersey (Address of principal executive offices) 22-3832302 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 08873 (Zip Code) (732) 873-5133 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class: Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share Name of each exchange on which registered The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [ ] No [X] Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [X] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.: Large accelerated filer [ ] Non-Accelerated filer [ ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Accelerated filer [ ] Smaller reporting company [X] Emerging growth company [X] If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [X] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [X] EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Start startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Acts, Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. qualifies as an “emerging growth company.” As of June 30, 2017, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $8.3 million, based on the last reported trading price of the Common Stock on that date, as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market. At March 3, 2018, the registrant had 11,665,174 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on June 15, 2018 are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Forward Looking Statements Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Table of Contents PART I PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART III Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Signatures PART IV 1 2 3 9 28 28 28 28 28 29 31 46 46 46 46 48 48 48 48 48 49 55 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Forward Looking Statements Certain statements that we make from time to time, including statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute “forward looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. These statements, among other things, relate to our business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our products, future operations, prospects, plans and objectives of management. The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “predict”, “project”, “will” and similar terms and phrases are used to identify forward-looking statements in this presentation. Our operations involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, and any one of which, or a combination of which, could materially affect our results of operations and whether the forward-looking statements ultimately prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, without limitation, statements reflecting management’s expectations for future financial performance and operating expenditures (including our ability to continue as a going concern, to raise additional capital and to succeed in our future operations), expected growth, profitability and business outlook, increased sales and marketing expenses, and the expected results from the integration of our acquisitions. Forward-looking statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by such statements. These factors include, among other things, the unknown risks and uncertainties that we believe could cause actual results to differ from these forward looking statements as set forth under the heading, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of the risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements, including without limitation, risks and uncertainties relating to: • • • • • • • • • • • our ability to manage our growth, including acquiring, partnering with, and effectively integrating acquired businesses into our infrastructure; our ability to retain our clients and revenue levels, including effectively migrating new clients and maintaining or growing the revenue levels of our new and existing clients; our ability to maintain operations in Pakistan and Sri Lanka in a manner that continues to enable us to offer competitively priced products and services; our ability to keep pace with a rapidly changing healthcare industry; our ability to consistently achieve and maintain compliance with a myriad of federal, state, foreign, local, payor and industry requirements, regulations, rules, laws and contracts; our ability to maintain and protect the privacy of confidential and protected Company, client and patient information; our ability to protect and enforce intellectual property rights; our ability to attract and retain key officers and employees, and the continued involvement of Mahmud Haq as executive chairman, all of which are critical to growing our business and integrating of our newly acquired businesses; our ability to comply with covenants contained in our credit agreement with our senior secured lender, Silicon Valley Bank and other future debt facilities; our ability to compete with other companies developing products and selling services competitive with ours, and who may have greater resources and name recognition than we have; and our ability to keep and increase market acceptance of our products and services. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, we are under no duty to update or revise any of such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect. All references to “MTBC,” “Medical Transcription Billing, Corp.,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. and its subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the term means only the parent company. 2 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. PART I Item 1. Business Our Company Medical Transcription Billing, Corp., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), is a healthcare information technology company that provides a fully integrated suite of proprietary web-based solutions, together with related business services, to healthcare providers. Our integrated Software-as-a-Service (or SaaS) platform is designed to help our clients increase revenues, streamline workflows and make better business and clinical decisions, while reducing administrative burdens and operating costs. We employ a highly educated workforce of more than 1,600 people in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, where we believe labor costs are approximately one-half the cost of comparable India-based employees and one-tenth the cost of comparable U.S. employees, thus enabling us to deliver our solutions at competitive prices. Our flagship offering, PracticePro™, empowers healthcare practices with the core software and business services they need to address industry challenges on one unified SaaS platform. We deliver powerful, integrated and easy-to-use solutions to health care practices, which enable them to efficiently operate their businesses, manage clinical workflows and receive timely payment for their services. PracticePro consists of: • • • Practice management software and related tools, which facilitate the day-to-day operation of a medical practice; Electronic health records (“EHR”), which are easy to use, highly ranked, and allow our clients to reduce paperwork and qualify for government incentives; Revenue cycle management (“RCM”) services, which include end-to-end medical billing, analytics, and related services; and • Mobile Health (“mHealth”) solutions, including smartphone applications that assist patients and healthcare providers in the provision of healthcare services. While many of our clients leverage our full PracticePro suite, we also have a number of clients who utilize other popular EHR software, and for which we provide RCM services, including medical billing, analytics, and related services. Adoption of our solutions requires little or no upfront expenditure by a practice. Additionally, our financial performance is linked directly to the financial performance of our clients because the vast majority of our revenues is based on a percentage of our clients’ collections. The standard fee for our complete, integrated, end-to-end solution is among the lowest in the industry. As of December 31, 2017, we served approximately 980 customers, of which 230 utilized our clearinghouse and Electronic Data Interchange (“EDI”) services and 4 0 are using talkEHR™, a new platform we launched in mid-2017 . We provided medical billing to approximately 750 medical practices representing approximately 3,500 providers, (which we define as physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other clinical staff that render bills for their services) practicing in 6 8 specialties and subspecialties, in 4 3 states. Approximately 96% of the practices we serve consist of one to ten providers, with the majority of the practices we serve being primary care providers. However, our solutions are scalable and are appropriate for larger healthcare practices across a wide range of specialty areas. In fact, our customer with the largest revenue and number of providers is a 950 clinician practice that provides physical, occupational and speech therapy services to patients in multiple states. On July 23, 2014, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of common stock. The Company sold approximately 4 million shares at a price to the public of $5.00 per share. During November 2015, the Company completed a public offering of its 11% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”). The Company sold 231,616 shares at a price of $25.00 per share and received net proceeds of approximately $4.7 million. In July 2016, the Company sold an additional 63,040 shares of Preferred Stock and received net proceeds of approximately $1.3 million, and during 2017, the Company raised a total of $16.4 million in net proceeds from a series of additional offerings totaling 765,000 shares of Preferred Stock, all at $25.00 per share. In May 2017, the Company completed a registered direct offering of one million shares of its common stock at $2.30 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $2.0 million. 3 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. During 2016, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of four medical billing companies, Gulf Coast Billing, Inc., Renaissance Medical Billing, LLC, WFS Services, Inc. and MediGain, LLC, including its subsidiary Millennium Practice Management Associates, LLC and two offshore subsidiaries in India and Sri Lanka. WFS also had a mailing service operation. We sometimes refer to these acquisitions collectively as the “2016 Acquisitions.” During the year 2017, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Washington Medical Billing, LLC, another medical billing company. Employees Including the employees of our subsidiaries, as of January 2018, we employed approximately 1,700 people worldwide on a full-time basis. We also use the services of a small number of part time employees. In addition, all officers work on a full-time basis. Over the next twelve months, we anticipate increasing our total number of employees only if our revenues increase or our operating requirements warrant such hiring, or for specific functions where we place additional emphasis, such as marketing and sales. Our Growth Strategy Our growth strategy involves two primary approaches: acquiring smaller RCM companies and then migrating the clients of those companies to our solutions, as well as growing organically through referrals from industry partners and our clients. The RCM service industry is highly fragmented, with many local and regional RCM companies serving small medical practices. We believe that the industry is ripe for consolidation and that we can achieve significant growth through acquisitions. We further believe that it is becoming increasingly difficult for traditional RCM companies to meet the growing technology and business service needs of healthcare providers without a significant investment in information technology infrastructure. Since the Company went public in July 2014, we have acquired substantially all of the assets of 10 RCM companies. Although the specific arrangements have varied with each transaction, typical arrangements include a deeply-discounted price, consideration which is tied to revenues from customer relationships acquired, and structuring the acquisition as an asset purchase so as to limit our liability. We typically use our technology and our cost-effective offshore team to reduce costs promptly after the transaction closes, although there will be initial costs associated with the integration of the new businesses with our existing operations. We believe we will also be able to further accelerate organic growth by partnering with industry participants, obtaining referrals and utilizing them as channel partners to offer integrated solutions to their clients. We have entered into arrangements with industry participants from which we began to derive revenue starting in mid-2014, including emerging EHR providers and other healthcare vendors that lack a full suite of solutions. We have developed application interfaces with numerous EHR systems, together with device and lab integration. During 2017, we also started to reap the benefits of our investment in several growth initiatives. For example, we successfully launched our next-generation, voice-enabled electronic health records solution, talkEHR™, with provider sign-ups in most states. It is our vision with talkEHR to design a user-friendly, intuitive platform that automates and increases patient charting efficiency by using artificial intelligence and natural language processing. talkEHR is offered free of cost to all U.S. healthcare providers, with an option to upgrade to a premium billing solution that generates revenue for MTBC. We also signed one of the 10 largest insurance carriers in the U.S. as our first client for Enrollment Plus™, a new solution we launched during 2017 that is designed to improve the industry’s standard insurance enrollment workflow. We believe the insurance industry is yearning for faster onboarding times, reduced data remediation costs, process visibility and powerful analytics ‒ and we believe that we’ve developed a solution that will help accomplish these important objectives. During late November 2017, we also signed a 950 clinician practice that provides physical, occupational and speech therapy services to patients in multiple states. This customer is now active, and is already our largest customer as measured by monthly revenue. 4 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Industry Overview In 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) estimated that U.S. healthcare spending increased by 4.3% to reach $3.3 trillion, or $10,348 per person. Healthcare spending growth decelerated in 2016 after the initial impacts of Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) coverage expansions and strong retail prescription drug spending growth in 2014 and 2015. The overall share of gross domestic product (“GDP”) devoted to healthcare spending was 17.9% in 2016. National health spending is projected to grow at an average rate of 5.6% per year for 2016-25, and 4.7% per year on a per capita basis. Health spending is projected to grow 1.2 percentage points faster than GDP per year over the 2016-25 period; as a result, the health share of GDP is expected to rise to 19.9% by 2025. Increasingly complex reimbursement processes. New laws and payer requirements have further complicated insurance reimbursement processes. For example, Medicare, Medicaid and commercial insurances are increasingly requiring proof of adherence to best practices and improved patient health outcomes to support full reimbursement. Moreover, the recent shift to a new generation of insurance codes has dramatically increased the complexity associated with selecting appropriate procedure and diagnosis codes needed to support proper claim reimbursement. Movement toward healthcare information technology. Since 2011, the federal government has offered financial incentives to eligible healthcare providers who adopt and meaningfully use electronic health records technology. Beginning in 2015, providers who are not meaningfully using this technology incurred penalties, which increase over time. While these incentives and penalties have encouraged many providers to adopt and meaningfully use electronic health records software, we believe that most providers are not utilizing an integrated platform that combines practice management, business intelligence, and revenue cycle management. The lack of an integrated platform leaves them ill-equipped to address the multitude of rapidly growing industry challenges. The North American RCM market has been estimated by MicroMarket Monitor to be approximately $26 billion in 2017, growing at a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 12% per year. The North American EHR market has been estimated by Transparency Market Research to be approximately $11 billion in 2016, growing at a CAGR of 6% per year. Standalone billing and practice management solutions are reported to be on the wane in the market today as medical practices move towards integrated, end-to-end systems that integrate front and back office data flows, provide seamless access to clinical data from EHRs, and rationalize and streamline the entire revenue cycle management process. Shift in Focus to Preventive Care. In an effort to avoid the negative health effects and increased costs associated with undetected and untreated chronic conditions, most health insurance plans provide co-payment and deductible-free coverage for preventive health services, such as annual well visits. Many believe that this shift in focus will, in the long-term, reduce costs and improve patient health. Inaccessibility of critical data. To thrive in the emerging healthcare landscape, healthcare practices need timely information, such as health insurance plan eligibility and coverage details, provider performance and productivity data and clinical and reimbursement benchmarking. However, we believe that most small and medium size practices do not have access to this type of real-time data, business intelligence and analytical tools and thus struggle to efficiently operate their practices and make optimal decisions. Competition The market for practice management, EHR and RCM information solutions and related services is highly competitive, and we expect competition to increase in the future. We face competition from other providers of both integrated and stand-alone practice management, EHR and RCM solutions, including competitors who utilize a web-based platform and providers of locally installed software systems. Our competitors also include larger healthcare IT companies, such as athenahealth, Inc., eClinicalWorks, Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc. and Greenway Medical Technologies, Inc. Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition and greater financial, marketing and other resources than us. We also compete with various regional RCM companies, some of which may continue to consolidate and expand into broader markets. We expect that competition will continue to increase as a result of incentives provided by various governmental initiatives, and consolidation in both the information technology and healthcare industries. In addition, our competitive edge could be diminished or completely lost if our competition develops similar offshore operations in Pakistan or other countries, such as India and the Philippines, where labor costs are lower than those in the U.S. (although higher than in Pakistan). Pricing pressures could negatively impact our margins, growth rate and market share. 5 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Our Solution We believe that our fully integrated solutions uniquely address the challenges in the industry. Our solutions dramatically simplify the complexities inherent in the reimbursement process and thereby deliver objectively superior results, such as reduced claim denial rates, improved customer days in accounts receivable, reduced patient no-shows, increased well visit encounters and reimbursement. Our solutions empower our customers with the real-time data they need to be efficient and make better decisions, such as real-time insurance eligibility and deductible details, provider productivity details and payer benchmarking. Our fully integrated suite of technology and business service solutions is designed to enable healthcare practices to thrive in the midst of a rapidly changing environment in which managing reimbursement, clinical workflows and day-to-day administrative tasks is becoming increasingly complex, costly and time- consuming. Moreover, the standard offering fee for our complete, integrated, end-to-end solution is typically 5% of a practice’s healthcare-related revenues, with a monthly minimum fee, plus a nominal one-time setup fee, and is among the lowest in the industry. Our Business Strategy Our objective is to become the leading provider of integrated, end-to-end SaaS and business service solutions to healthcare providers practicing in an ambulatory setting. To achieve this objective, we employ the following strategies: • • • • Provide comprehensive practice management, electronic health records, revenue cycle management and mobile health solutions to small and medium size healthcare practices. We believe that physician practices are in need of an integrated, end-to-end solution, such as the solution that MTBC provides, to manage the different facets of their businesses, from clinical documentation to claim submission and financial reporting. Provide exceptional customer service. We realize that our success is tied directly to our customers’ success. Accordingly, a substantial portion of our highly trained and educated workforce is devoted to customer service activities. Leverage significant cost advantages provided by our technology and skilled offshore workforce. Our unique business model includes our web- based software and a cost-effective offshore workforce primarily based in Pakistan. We believe that this operating model provides us with significant cost advantages compared to other revenue cycle management companies and it allows us to significantly reduce the operational costs of the companies we acquire. Pursue strategic acquisitions. Approximately 49% of our current practices and 72% of our current year’s revenue were obtained through strategic transactions with revenue cycle management companies (collectively, the “Acquisitions”). With most of our acquisition transactions, our goal is to retain the acquired customers over the long-term and migrate those customers to our platform soon after closing. Our Service Offerings We offer a suite of fully-integrated, web-based SaaS platform and business services designed for healthcare providers. Our products and services offer healthcare providers a unified solution designed to meet the healthcare industry’s demand for the delivery of cost-efficient, quality care with measureable outcomes. The four primary components of our proprietary web-based suite of services are: (i) practice management applications, (ii) a certified electronic health records solution, (iii) revenue cycle management services, and (iv) mobile health applications. Our flagship product, PracticePro, provides our clients with a seamlessly integrated, end-to-end solution. Our web-based EHR are also available to customers as a standalone product. We regularly update our software platform with the goal of staying on the leading edge of industry developments, payer reimbursements trends and new regulations. 6 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Web-based Practice Management Application Our proprietary, web-based practice management application automates the labor-intensive workflow of a medical office in a unified and streamlined SaaS platform. The various functions of the platform collectively support the entire workflow of the day-to-day operations of a medical office in an intuitive and user- friendly format. For example, our platform provides office staff with real-time insurance details to allow them to more efficiently collect patient payments; its automated appointment reminders reduce patient no-show rates, and scheduling functionality results in increased reimbursable patient well visit appointments. A simple, individual and secure login to our web-based platform gives physicians, other healthcare providers and staff members’ access to a vast array of real time practice management data which they can access at the office or from any other location where they can access the Internet. Users can customize the “Practice Dashboard” to display only the most useful and relevant information needed to carry out their particular functions. We believe that this streamlined and centralized automated workflow allows providers to focus on delivering quality patient care rather than office administration. Electronic Health Records Our web-based EHR solution has received ONC Health Information Technology certification. Moreover, in a previous study, KLAS, a leading independent industry assessor of healthcare information technology products, issued its annual electronic health records ranking and MTBC placed number five in our target market of one to ten providers, outperforming most leading electronic health records. A healthcare provider can use our solution to demonstrate “meaningful use” under federal law to earn incentives and avoid penalties. Our web-based electronic health records allow a provider to view all patient information in one online location, thus avoiding the need for numerous charts and records for each patient. Utilizing our web-based electronic health records solution, providers can track patients from their initial appointments; chart clinical data, history, and other personal information; enter and submit claims for medical services; and review and respond to queries for additional information regarding the billing process. Additionally, the electronic health record software delivers a robust document management system to enable providers to transition to paperless environments. The document management function makes available electronic connectivity between practitioners and patients, thereby streamlining patient care coordination and communications. In 2015, we introduced a tablet-based EHR, leveraging our web-based platform in a form that many providers find more convenient. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company introduced talkEHR, a voice enabled EHR solution. Revenue Cycle Management and other Technology-driven Business Services Our proprietary revenue cycle management offering is designed to improve the medical billing reimbursement process, allowing healthcare providers to accelerate and increase collections, reduce errors in submission and streamline workflow to free up practitioners to focus on patient care. Customers using PracticePro will generally see higher claims acceptance and resolution, and faster collections, as illustrated by the following for 2017: • Our first pass acceptance rate is approximately 96% • Our first pass resolution rate is approximately 94% • Our clients’ median days in accounts receivable is 37 days for primary care and 41 days for combined specialties. These rates are among the most competitive in the industry and compare favorably with the performance of our largest competitor. Our revenue cycle management service employs a proprietary rules-based system designed and constantly updated by our knowledgeable workforce, who screens and scrubs claims prior to submission for payment. Mobile Health Solutions The functionality of our cloud-based platform is extended to mobile devices through our integrated suite of mobile health applications. These mobile health applications include physician end-user tools that support, among other things, electronic prescribing, the capture of billing charges in the current medical coding formats, and the creation and secure transfer of clinical audio notes that are converted into text and billing charges. In 2015, we introduced an ICD-10 mHealth app for iOS and Android, which has emerged as the most popular ICD-10 app among U.S. healthcare providers. We also offer iCheckIn, a patient check-in app for iOS and Android-based tablet devices. Our patient applications allow patients to access their medical information, securely communicate with their doctors’ office, schedule appointments, request prescription refills, pay balances and check-in for office appointments. 7 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Voting Rights of Our Directors, Executive Officers, and Principal Stockholders As of December 31, 2017, 49% of both the shares of our common stock and voting power of our common stock are held by our directors and executive officers. Therefore, they have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors, as well as the overall management and direction of our company. Corporate Information We were incorporated in Delaware on September 28, 2001 under the name Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. Our principal executive offices are located at 7 Clyde Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, and our telephone number is (732) 873-5133. Our website address is www.mtbc.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and you should not consider information on our website to be part of this document. MTBC, MTBC.com and A Unique Healthcare IT Company, and other trademarks and service marks of MTBC appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of MTBC. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective holders. We are an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO dated July 23, 2014, the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1 billion, the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer (this means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year), or the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. As an emerging growth company: • We avail ourselves of the exemption from the requirement to obtain an attestation and report from our auditors on the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. • We will provide less extensive disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements. • We will not require shareholder non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements. However, we are choosing to “opt out” of the extended transition periods available under the JOBS Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Where You Can Find More Information Our website, which we use to communicate important business information, can be accessed at: www.mtbc.com. We make our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports available free of charge on or through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Materials we file with or furnish to the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC Internet site (www.sec.gov) contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we file electronically with the SEC. 8 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Acquisition Strategy If we do not manage our growth effectively, our revenue, business and operating results may be harmed. Our strategy is to expand through the acquisition of additional RCM companies and through organic growth. Since 2006, we have acquired the assets of eighteen RCM companies and entered into agreements with four additional RCM companies under which we service all of their customers. Our future acquisitions may require greater than anticipated investment of operational and financial resources as we seek to migrate customers of these companies to PracticePro. Acquisitions may also require the integration of different software and services, assimilation of new employees, diversion of management and IT resources, increases in administrative costs and other additional costs associated with any debt or equity financings undertaken in connection with such acquisitions. We cannot assure you that any acquisition we undertake will be successful. Future growth will also place additional demands on our customer support, sales, and marketing resources, and may require us to hire and train additional employees. We will need to expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate our growth. The failure to manage our growth effectively will materially and adversely affect our business. We may be unable to retain customers of acquired businesses following their acquisition, which may result in a decrease in our revenues and operating results. Customers of the businesses we acquire usually have the right to terminate their service contracts for any reason at any time upon notice of 90 days or less. These customers may elect to terminate their contracts as a result of our acquisition or choose not to renew their contracts upon expiration. In the past, our failure to retain acquired customers has at times resulted in decreases in our revenues. The customers of the five businesses we acquired in 2015 through 2016 generated a total of approximately $5.8 million of revenue per quarter at the time of their acquisition. On average, this amount decreased by 22% one year after each acquisition occurred. Our inability to retain customers of businesses we acquire could adversely affect our ability to benefit from those acquisitions and to grow our future revenues and operating income. Acquisitions may subject us to liability with regard to the creditors, customers, and shareholders of the sellers. While our acquisitions are typically structured as asset purchase agreements in which we attempt to limit our risk and exposure relative to the respective sellers’ liabilities, we cannot guarantee that we will be successful in avoiding all liability. In the past, creditors have at times sought to hold us accountable for seller debt and customers have on occasion attempted to hold us liable for seller breaches of contract prior to our transactions. Occasionally, disaffected shareholders of the businesses we acquire have attempted to interfere with our business acquisitions. We attempt to minimize all of these risks through thorough due diligence, negotiating indemnities and holdbacks, obtaining relevant representations from sellers, and leveraging experienced professionals when appropriate. We may be unable to implement our strategy of acquiring additional RCM companies. We have no unconditional commitments with respect to any acquisition as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although we expect that one or more acquisition opportunities will become available in the future, we may not be able to acquire additional RCM companies at all or on terms favorable to us. We will likely need financing for such acquisitions, but there is no assurance that we will be able to borrow funds or raise capital through the issuance of our equity on favorable terms. Certain of our larger, better capitalized competitors may seek to acquire some of the RCM companies we may be interested in. Competition for acquisitions would likely increase acquisition prices and result in us having fewer acquisition opportunities. In completing any future acquisitions, we will rely upon the representations and warranties and indemnities made by the sellers with respect to each acquisition as well as our own due diligence investigation. We cannot be assured that such representations and warranties will be true and correct or that our due diligence will uncover all materially adverse facts relating to the operations and financial condition of the acquired companies or their customers. To the extent that we are required to pay for obligations of an acquired company, or if material misrepresentations exist, we may not realize the expected benefit from such acquisition and we will have overpaid in cash and/or stock for the value received in that acquisition. Future acquisitions may result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of indebtedness and increased amortization expense. Future acquisitions may result in dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, the assumption of known and unknown liabilities, the write-off of software development costs and the amortization of expenses related to intangible assets, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 9 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Risks Related to Our Business We operate in a highly competitive industry, and our competitors may be able to compete more efficiently or evolve more rapidly than we do, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, revenue, growth rates and market share. The market for practice management, EHR and RCM information solutions and related services is highly competitive, and we expect competition to increase in the future. We face competition from other providers of both integrated and stand-alone practice management, EHR and RCM solutions, including competitors who utilize a web-based platform and providers of locally installed software systems. Our competitors include larger healthcare IT companies, such as athenahealth, Inc., eClinicalWorks, Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc. and Greenway Medical Technologies, Inc., all of which may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, regulations or customer needs and requirements. Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition and greater financial, marketing and other resources than us. We also compete with various regional RCM companies, some of which may continue to consolidate and expand into broader markets. We expect that competition will continue to increase as a result of incentives provided by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (“HITECH”) Act, and consolidation in both the information technology and healthcare industries. Competitors may introduce products or services that render our products or services obsolete or less marketable. Even if our products and services are more effective than the offerings of our competitors, current or potential customers might prefer competitive products or services to our products and services. In addition, our competitive edge could be diminished or completely lost if our competition develops similar offshore operations in Pakistan or other countries, such as India and the Philippines, where labor costs are lower than those in the U.S. (although higher than in Pakistan). Pricing pressures could negatively impact our margins, growth rate and market share. Future changes in visa rules could prevent our offshore employees from entering the United States, which could decrease our efficiency. In the ordinary course of business, we bring skilled employees from our offshore subsidiaries to the U.S. to serve as liaisons on projects and to expand the respective employees’ understanding of both the U.S. healthcare industry and the needs and expectations of our customers. These visits equip them to better understand and support our business objectives. While the current administration’s actions up to this point have not had an impact on us, we cannot predict whether the administration may in the future take actions that would prevent non-U.S. employees from visiting the U.S. If such restrictions were implemented in the future, it may become more difficult or expensive for us to educate and equip the employees of our foreign subsidiaries to support our business needs. We may also have difficulty in finding employees and contractors in the U.S that can replace the functions now performed by our offshore employees that we bring over to the U.S., which could negatively impact our business. If we are unable to successfully introduce new products or services or fail to keep pace with advances in technology, we would not be able to maintain our customers or grow our business which will have a material adverse effect on our business. Our business depends on our ability to adapt to evolving technologies and industry standards and introduce new products and services accordingly. If we cannot adapt to changing technologies and industry standards and meet the requirements of our customers, our products and services may become obsolete, and our business would suffer. Because both the healthcare industry and the healthcare IT technology market are constantly evolving, our success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to enhance our existing products and services, develop new technology that addresses the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our customers, respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices on a timely and cost-effective basis, educate our customers to adopt these new technologies, and successfully assist them in transitioning to our new products and services. The development of our proprietary technology entails significant technical and business risks. We may not be successful in developing, using, marketing, selling, or maintaining new technologies effectively or adapting our proprietary technology to evolving customer requirements or emerging industry standards, and, as a result, our business and reputation could suffer. We may not be able to introduce new products or services on schedule, or at all, or such products or services may not achieve market acceptance. A failure by us to introduce new products or to introduce these products on schedule could cause us to not only lose our current customers but to fail to grow our business by attracting new customers. 10 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The continued success of our business model is heavily dependent upon our offshore operations, and any disruption to those operations will adversely affect us. The majority of our operations, including the development and maintenance of our web-based platform, our customer support services and medical billing activities, are performed by our highly educated workforce of approximately 1,600 employees in Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Approximately 90% of our offshore employees are in Pakistan and our remaining employees are located at out smaller offshore operation center in Sri Lanka. The performance of our operations in Pakistan, and our ability to maintain our offshore offices, is an essential element of our business model, as the labor costs in Pakistan are substantially lower than the cost of comparable labor in India, the United States and other countries, and allows us to competitively price our products and services. Our competitive advantage will be greatly diminished and may disappear altogether if our operations in Pakistan are negatively impacted. Pakistan and Sri Lanka have experienced, and continue to experience, political and social unrest, war and acts of terrorism. Our operations in our offshore locations may be negatively impacted by these and a number of other factors, including failing power grid and infrastructure, vandalism, currency fluctuations, cost of labor and supplies, and changes in local law as well as laws within the United States relating to these countries. Client mandates or preferences for on- shore service providers may also adversely impact our business model. Our operations in Pakistan and Sri Lanka may also be affected by trade restrictions, such as tariffs or other trade controls. If we are unable to continue to leverage the skills and experience of our highly educated workforce, particularly in Pakistan, we may be unable to provide our products and services at attractive prices, and our business would be materially and negatively impacted or discontinued. We believe that the labor costs Pakistan and Sri Lanka are approximately 10% of the cost of comparably educated and skilled workers in the U.S. If there were potential disruptions in any of these locations, they could have a negative impact on our business. Our offshore operations expose us to additional business and financial risks which could adversely affect us and subject us to civil and criminal liability. The risks and challenges associated with our operations outside the United States include laws and business practices favoring local competitors; compliance with multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment and tax laws and regulations; and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign operations subject us to numerous stringent U.S. and foreign laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and comparable foreign laws and regulations that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by U.S. and other business entities for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Safeguards we implement to discourage these practices may prove to be less than effective and violations of the FCPA and other laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities or proceedings against us, including class action lawsuits and enforcement actions from the SEC, Department of Justice and overseas regulators. Changes in the healthcare industry could affect the demand for our services and may result in a decrease in our revenues and market share. As the healthcare industry evolves, changes in our customer base may reduce the demand for our services, result in the termination of existing contracts, and make it more difficult to negotiate new contracts on terms that are acceptable to us. For example, the current trend toward consolidation of healthcare providers may cause our existing customer contracts to terminate as independent practices are merged into hospital systems or other healthcare organizations. Such larger healthcare organizations may have their own practice management, and EHR and RCM solutions, reducing demand for our services. If this trend continues, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to maintain or expand our customer base, negotiate contracts with acceptable terms, or maintain our current pricing structure, which would result in a decrease in our revenues and market share. The current administration and Congress have been critical of the Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) and have taken steps toward materially revising or even repealing it. This health care reform legislation could include changes in Medicare and Medicaid payment policies and other health care delivery administrative reforms that could potentially negatively impact our business and the business of our clients. Congress has yet to develop a consensus on whether to make changes to the ACA, and if so what changes should be made. The ACA included specific reforms for the individual and small group marketplace, including an expansion of Medicaid. While we do not believe that healthcare reform initiatives are likely to have any material adverse impact on our operational results or the manner in which we operate the business, there can be no assurances regarding the same. 11 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. If providers do not purchase our products and services or delay in choosing our products or services, we may not be able to grow our business. Our business model depends on our ability to sell our products and services. Acceptance of our products and services may require providers to adopt different behavior patterns and new methods of conducting business and exchanging information. Providers may not integrate our products and services into their workflow and may not accept our solutions and services as a replacement for traditional methods of practicing medicine. Providers may also choose to buy our competitors’ products and services instead of ours. Achieving market acceptance for our solutions and services will continue to require substantial sales and marketing efforts and the expenditure of significant financial and other resources to create awareness and demand by providers. If providers fail to broadly accept our products and services, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. If the revenues of our customers decrease, or if our customers cancel or elect not to renew their contracts, our revenue will decrease. Under most of our customer contracts, we base our charges on a percentage of the revenue that our customer collects through the use of our services. Many factors may lead to decreases in customer revenue, including: • • • • • • • • reduction of customer revenue as a result of changes to the ACA; a rollback of the expansion of Medicaid or other governmental programs; reduction of customer revenue resulting from increased competition or other changes in the marketplace for physician services; failure of our customers to adopt or maintain effective business practices; actions by third-party payers of medical claims to reduce reimbursement; government regulations and government or other payer actions or inaction reducing or delaying reimbursement; interruption of customer access to our system; and our failure to provide services in a timely or high-quality manner. We have incurred operating losses and net losses, and we may not be able to achieve or subsequently maintain profitability in the future. We generated net losses of $5.6 million and $8.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our net losses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include $3.4 million and $4.4 million of amortization expense of purchased intangible assets, respectively. We may not succeed in achieving the efficiencies we anticipate from future acquisitions, including moving sufficient labor to our offshore locations to offset increased costs resulting from these acquisitions, and we may continue to incur losses in future periods. We expect to incur additional operating expenses as a public company and we intend to continue to increase our operating expenses as we grow our business. We also expect to continue to make investments in our proprietary technology, sales and marketing, infrastructure, facilities and other resources as we seek to grow, thereby incurring additional costs. If we are unable to generate adequate revenue growth and manage our expenses, we may continue to incur losses in the future and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability. As a result of our variable sales and implementation cycles, we may be unable to recognize revenue from prospective customers on a timely basis and we may not be able to offset expenditures. The sales cycle for our services can be variable, typically ranging from two to four months from initial contact with a potential customer to contract execution, although this period can be substantially longer. During the sales cycle, we expend time and resources in an attempt to obtain a customer without recognizing revenue from that customer to offset such expenditures. Our implementation cycle is also variable, typically ranging from two to four months from contract execution to completion of implementation. Each customer’s situation is different, and unanticipated difficulties and delays may arise as a result of a failure by us or by the customer to meet our respective implementation responsibilities. During the implementation cycle, we expend substantial time, effort, and financial resources implementing our services without recognizing revenue. Even following implementation, there can be no assurance that we will recognize revenue on a timely basis or at all from our efforts. In addition, cancellation of any implementation after it has begun may involve loss to us of time, effort, and expenses invested in the canceled implementation process, and lost opportunity for implementing paying customers in that same period of time. 12 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. If we are required to collect sales and use taxes on the products and services we sell in certain jurisdictions, we may be subject to liability for past sales and incur additional related costs and expenses, and our future sales may decrease. We may lose sales or incur significant expenses should states be successful in imposing state sales and use taxes on our products and services. A successful assertion by one or more states that we should collect sales or other taxes on the sale of our products and services that we are currently not collecting could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, decrease our ability to compete with healthcare IT vendors not subject to sales and use taxes, and otherwise harm our business. Each state has different rules and regulations governing sales and use taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. We review these rules and regulations periodically and, when we believe that our products or services are subject to sales and use taxes in a particular state, we voluntarily approach state tax authorities in order to determine how to comply with their rules and regulations. We cannot assure you that we will not be subject to sales and use taxes or related penalties for past sales in states where we believe no compliance is necessary. If the federal government were to impose a tax on imports or services performed abroad, we might be subject to additional liabilities. At this time, there is no way to predict whether this will occur or estimate the impact on our business. Vendors of products and services like us are typically held responsible by taxing authorities for the collection and payment of any applicable sales and similar taxes. If one or more taxing authorities determines that taxes should have, but have not, been paid with respect to our products or services, we may be liable for past taxes in addition to taxes going forward. Liability for past taxes may also include very substantial interest and penalty charges. Nevertheless, customers may be reluctant to pay back taxes and may refuse responsibility for interest or penalties associated with those taxes. If we are required to collect and pay back taxes and the associated interest and penalties, and if our customers fail or refuse to reimburse us for all or a portion of these amounts, we will have incurred unplanned expenses that may be substantial. Moreover, imposition of such taxes on our products and services going forward will effectively increase the cost of those products and services to our customers and may adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers or to gain new customers in the states in which such taxes are imposed. We may also become subject to tax audits or similar procedures in states where we already pay sales and use taxes. The incurrence of additional accounting and legal costs and related expenses in connection with, and the assessment of, taxes, interest, and penalties as a result of audits, litigation, or otherwise could be materially adverse to our current and future results of operations and financial condition. If we lose the services of Mahmud Haq or other members of our management team, or if we are unable to attract, hire, integrate and retain other necessary employees, our business would be harmed. Our future success depends in part on our ability to attract, hire, integrate and retain the members of our management team and other qualified personnel. In particular, we are dependent on the services of Mahmud Haq, our founder, principal stockholder and Executive Chairman, who among other things, is instrumental in managing our offshore operations in Pakistan and coordinating those operations with our U.S. activities. The loss of Mr. Haq, who would be particularly difficult to replace, could negatively impact our ability to effectively manage our cost-effective workforce in Pakistan, which enables us to provide our products and solutions at attractive prices. Our future success also depends on the continued contributions of our other executive officers and certain key employees, each of whom may be difficult to replace, and upon our ability to attract and retain additional management personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we compete for qualified personnel with other employers. We may face difficulty identifying and hiring qualified personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring, integrating and training their replacements, and the quality of our services and our ability to serve our customers could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business. We may be unable to adequately establish, protect or enforce our intellectual property rights. Our success depends in part upon our ability to establish, protect and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. If we fail to establish, protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, we may lose an important advantage in the market in which we compete. We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret law and contractual obligations to protect our key intellectual property rights, all of which provide only limited protection. Our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to help us maintain our position in the market and our competitive advantages. 13 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. We have no patents pending and none issued, and primarily rely on trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology. Trade secrets may not be protectable if not properly kept confidential. We strive to enter into non-disclosure agreements with our employees, customers, contractors and business partners to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. However, the steps we have taken may not be sufficient to prevent unauthorized use of our technology, and adequate remedies may not be available in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and proprietary technology. Moreover, others may reverse engineer or independently develop technologies that are competitive to ours or infringe our intellectual property. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third-parties from using our intellectual property for their competitive advantage. Any such use could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Monitoring unauthorized uses of and enforcing our intellectual property rights can be difficult and costly. Legal intellectual property actions are inherently uncertain and may not be successful, and may require a substantial amount of resources and divert our management’s attention. Claims by others that we infringe their intellectual property could force us to incur significant costs or revise the way we conduct our business. Our competitors protect their proprietary rights by means of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property. We have not conducted an independent review of patents and other intellectual property issued to third-parties, who may have patents or patent applications relating to our proprietary technology. We may receive letters from third parties alleging, or inquiring about, possible infringement, misappropriation or violation of their intellectual property rights. Any party asserting that we infringe, misappropriate or violate proprietary rights may force us to defend ourselves, and potentially our customers, against the alleged claim. These claims and any resulting lawsuit, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages and/or invalidation of our proprietary rights or interruption or cessation of our operations. Any such claims or lawsuit could: • • • • • • • be time-consuming and expensive to defend, whether meritorious or not; require us to stop providing products or services that use the technology that allegedly infringes the other party’s intellectual property; divert the attention of our technical and managerial resources; require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements with third-parties, which may not be available on terms that we deem acceptable; prevent us from operating all or a portion of our business or force us to redesign our products, services or technology platforms, which could be difficult and expensive and may make the performance or value of our product or service offerings less attractive; subject us to significant liability for damages or result in significant settlement payments; or require us to indemnify our customers. Furthermore, during the course of litigation, confidential information may be disclosed in the form of documents or testimony in connection with discovery requests, depositions or trial testimony. Disclosure of our confidential information and our involvement in intellectual property litigation could materially adversely affect our business. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of intellectual property litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any litigation could significantly harm our relationships with current and prospective customers. Any of the foregoing could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. 14 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Current and future litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend and could result in additional liabilities. We may from time to time be subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, such as claims brought by our clients in connection with commercial disputes and employment claims made by our current or former employees. Claims may also be asserted by or on behalf of a variety of other parties, including government agencies, patients of our physician clients, stockholders, the sellers of the businesses that we acquire, or the creditors of the businesses we acquire. Any litigation involving us may result in substantial costs and may divert management’s attention and resources, which may seriously harm our business, overall financial condition, and operating results. Insurance may not cover existing or future claims, be sufficient to fully compensate us for one or more of such claims, or continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs, thereby reducing our operating results and leading analysts or potential investors to reduce their expectations of our performance resulting in a reduction in the trading price of our stock. Our proprietary software or service delivery may not operate properly, which could damage our reputation, give rise to claims against us, or divert application of our resources from other purposes, any of which could harm our business and operating results. We may encounter human or technical obstacles that prevent our proprietary applications from operating properly. If our applications do not function reliably or fail to achieve customer expectations in terms of performance, customers could assert liability claims against us or attempt to cancel their contracts with us. This could damage our reputation and impair our ability to attract or maintain customers. We provide a limited warranty, have not paid warranty claims in the past, and do not have a reserve for warranty claims. Moreover, information services as complex as those we offer have in the past contained, and may in the future develop or contain, undetected defects or errors. We cannot assure you that material performance problems or defects in our products or services will not arise in the future. Errors may result from receipt, entry, or interpretation of patient information or from interface of our services with legacy systems and data that we did not develop and the function of which is outside of our control. Despite testing, defects or errors may arise in our existing or new software or service processes. Because changes in payer requirements and practices are frequent and sometimes difficult to determine except through trial and error, we are continuously discovering defects and errors in our software and service processes compared against these requirements and practices. These defects and errors and any failure by us to identify and address them could result in loss of revenue or market share, liability to customers or others, failure to achieve market acceptance or expansion, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation, and increased service and maintenance costs. Defects or errors in our software might discourage existing or potential customers from purchasing our products and services. Correction of defects or errors could prove to be impossible or impracticable. The costs incurred in correcting any defects or errors or in responding to resulting claims or liability may be substantial and could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, customers relying on our services to collect, manage, and report clinical, business, and administrative data may have a greater sensitivity to service errors and security vulnerabilities than customers of software products in general. We market and sell services that, among other things, provide information to assist healthcare providers in tracking and treating patients. Any operational delay in or failure of our technology or service processes may result in the disruption of patient care and could cause harm to patients and thereby create unforeseen liabilities for our business. Our customers or their patients may assert claims against us alleging that they suffered damages due to a defect, error, or other failure of our software or service processes. A product liability claim or errors or omissions claim could subject us to significant legal defense costs and adverse publicity, regardless of the merits or eventual outcome of such a claim. If our security measures are breached or fail and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data, our service may be perceived as insecure, the attractiveness of our services to current or potential customers may be reduced, and we may incur significant liabilities. Our services involve the web-based storage and transmission of customers’ proprietary information and patient information, including health, financial, payment and other personal or confidential information. We rely on proprietary and commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring, as well as other processes, to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of such information. Because of the sensitivity of this information and due to requirements under applicable laws and regulations, the effectiveness of our security efforts is very important. We maintain servers, which store customers’ data, including patient health records, in the U.S. and offshore. We also process, transmit and store some data of our customers on servers and networks that are owned and controlled by third-party contractors in India and elsewhere. If our security measures are breached or fail as a result of third-party action, acts of terror, social unrest, employee error, malfeasance or for any other reasons, someone may be able to obtain unauthorized access to customer or patient data. Improper activities by third-parties, advances in computer and software capabilities and encryption technology, new tools and discoveries and other events or developments may facilitate or result in a compromise or breach of our security systems. Our security measures may not be effective in preventing unauthorized access to the customer and patient data stored on our servers. If a breach of our security occurs, we could face damages for contract breach, penalties for violation of applicable laws or regulations, possible lawsuits by individuals affected by the breach and significant remediation costs and efforts to prevent future occurrences. In addition, whether there is an actual or a perceived breach of our security, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose current or potential customers. 15 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Our products and services are required to meet the interoperability standards, which could require us to incur substantial additional development costs or result in a decrease in revenue. Our customers and the industry leaders enacting regulatory requirements are concerned with and often require that our products and services be interoperable with other third-party healthcare information technology suppliers. Market forces or regulatory authorities could create software interoperability standards that would apply to our solutions, and if our products and services are not consistent with those standards, we could be forced to incur substantial additional development costs. There currently exists a comprehensive set of criteria for the functionality, interoperability and security of various software modules in the healthcare information technology industry. However, those standards are subject to continuous modification and refinement. Achieving and maintaining compliance with industry interoperability standards and related requirements could result in larger than expected software development expenses and administrative expenses in order to conform to these requirements. These standards and specifications, once finalized, will be subject to interpretation by the entities designated to certify such technology. We will incur increased development costs in delivering solutions if we need to change or enhance our products and services to be in compliance with these varying and evolving standards. If our products and services are not consistent with these evolving standards, our market position and sales could be impaired and we may have to invest significantly in changes to our solutions. Disruptions in Internet or telecommunication service or damage to our data centers could adversely affect our business by reducing our customers’ confidence in the reliability of our services and products. Our information technologies and systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from various causes, including acts of God and other natural disasters, war and acts of terrorism and power losses, computer systems failures, internet and telecommunications or data network failures, operator error, losses of and corruption of data and similar events. Our customers’ data, including patient health records, reside on our own servers located in the U.S., Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Although we conduct business continuity planning to protect against fires, floods, other natural disasters and general business interruptions to mitigate the adverse effects of a disruption, relocation or change in operating environment at our data centers, the situations we plan for and the amount of insurance coverage we maintain may not be adequate in any particular case. In addition, the occurrence of any of these events could result in interruptions, delays or cessations in service to our customers. Any of these events could impair or prohibit our ability to provide our services, reduce the attractiveness of our services to current or potential customers and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, despite the implementation of security measures, our infrastructure, data centers, or systems that we interface with or utilize, including the internet and related systems, may be vulnerable to physical break-ins, hackers, improper employee or contractor access, computer viruses, programming errors, denial- of-service attacks or other attacks by third-parties seeking to disrupt operations or misappropriate information or similar physical or electronic breaches of security. Any of these can cause system failure, including network, software or hardware failure, which can result in service disruptions. As a result, we may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against security breaches and hackers or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. We may be subject to liability for the content we provide to our customers and their patients. We provide content for use by healthcare providers in treating patients. This content includes, among other things, patient education materials, coding and drug databases developed by third-parties, and prepopulated templates providers can use to document visits and record patient health information. If content in the third-party databases we use is incorrect or incomplete, adverse consequences, including death, may occur and give rise to product liability and other claims against us. A court or government agency may take the position that our delivery of health information directly, including through licensed practitioners, or delivery of information by a third-party site that a consumer accesses through our solutions, exposes us to personal injury liability, or other liability for wrongful delivery or handling of healthcare services or erroneous health information. Our liability insurance coverage may not be adequate or continue to be available on acceptable terms, if at all. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or under-insured could harm our business. Even unsuccessful claims could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources. 16 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. We are subject to the effect of payer and provider conduct that we cannot control and that could damage our reputation with customers and result in liability claims that increase our expenses. We offer electronic claims submission services for which we rely on content from customers, payers, and others. While we have implemented features and safeguards designed to maximize the accuracy and completeness of claims content, these features and safeguards may not be sufficient to prevent inaccurate claims data from being submitted to payers. Should inaccurate claims data be submitted to payers, we may experience poor operational results and be subject to liability claims, which could damage our reputation with customers and result in liability claims that increase our expenses. Failure by our clients to obtain proper permissions and waivers may result in claims against us or may limit or prevent our use of data, which could harm our business. Our clients are obligated by applicable law to provide necessary notices and to obtain necessary permission waivers for use and disclosure of the information that we receive. If they do not obtain necessary permissions and waivers, then our use and disclosure of information that we receive from them or on their behalf may be limited or prohibited by state or federal privacy laws or other laws. This could impair our functions, processes, and databases that reflect, contain, or are based upon such data and may prevent use of such data. In addition, this could interfere with or prevent creation or use of rules, and analyses or limit other data-driven activities that benefit us. Moreover, we may be subject to claims or liability for use or disclosure of information by reason of lack of valid notice, permission, or waiver. These claims or liabilities could subject us to unexpected costs and adversely affect our operating results. Any deficiencies in our financial reporting or internal controls could adversely affect our business and the trading price of our securities. As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In the future, if we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. In addition, our internal control over financial reporting would not prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected. If there are material weaknesses or failures in our ability to meet any of the requirements related to the maintenance and reporting of our internal controls, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which in turn could cause the price of our common stock and Series A Preferred Stock to decline. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary to produce reliable financial reports and to prevent fraud. If we have deficiencies in our internal controls, it may negatively impact our business, results of operations and reputation. In addition, we could become subject to investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional management attention and which could adversely affect our business. We are a party to several related-party agreements with our founder and Executive Chairman, Mahmud Haq, which have significant contractual obligations. These agreements were not reviewed by our Audit Committee prior to their adoption and may not reflect terms that would be available from unaffiliated third parties. Since inception, we have entered into several related-party transactions with our founder and Executive Chairman, Mahmud Haq, which subject us to significant contractual obligations. Since our audit committee was not formed until February 14, 2014, these related party transactions were not reviewed by our audit committee prior to their adoption, whose charter prescribes procedures for the review and approval of related party transactions. Although we believe these transactions reflect terms comparable to those that would be available from third parties, and the audit committee has now reviewed these arrangements, the lack of prior review of these transactions by our independent audit committee may have caused us to enter into agreements with Mr. Haq that we may not otherwise have entered into or upon terms less favorable to us than we may have obtained from unaffiliated third parties. 17 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. We depend on key information systems and third party service providers. We depend on key information systems to accurately and efficiently transact our business, provide information to management and prepare financial reports. These systems and services are vulnerable to interruptions or other failures resulting from, among other things, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, software, equipment or telecommunications failures, processing errors, computer viruses, other security issues or supplier defaults. Security, backup and disaster recovery measures may not be adequate or implemented properly to avoid such disruptions or failures. Any disruption or failure of these systems or services could cause substantial errors, processing inefficiencies, security breaches, inability to use the systems or process transactions, loss of customers or other business disruptions, all of which could negatively affect our business and financial performance. Systems failures or cyberattacks and resulting interruptions in the availability of or degradation in the performance of our websites, applications, products or services could harm our business. As cybersecurity attacks continue to evolve and increase, our information systems could also be penetrated or compromised by internal and external parties’ intent on extracting confidential information, disrupting business processes or corrupting information. Our systems may experience service interruptions or degradation due to hardware and software defects or malfunctions, computer denial-of-service and other cyberattacks, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, or other events. Our systems are also subject to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism. Some of our systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for all eventualities. We have experienced and will likely continue to experience system failures, denial of service attacks and other events or conditions from time to time that interrupt the availability or reduce the speed or functionality of our websites and mobile applications. These events likely will result in loss of revenue. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the speed or other functionality of our websites and mobile applications could materially harm our business. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our services could cause current or potential users to believe that our systems are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors or to avoid our sites, and could permanently harm our reputation and brands. Moreover, to the extent that any system failure or similar event results in damages to our customers or their businesses, these customers could seek significant compensation from us for their losses and those claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly for us to address. These risks could arise from external parties or from acts or omissions of internal or service provider personnel. Such unauthorized access could disrupt our business and could result in the loss of assets, litigation, remediation costs, damage to our reputation and failure to retain or attract customers following such an event, which could adversely affect our business. Regulatory Risks The healthcare industry is heavily regulated. Our failure to comply with regulatory requirements could create liability for us, result in adverse publicity and negatively affect our business. The healthcare industry is heavily regulated and is constantly evolving due to the changing political, legislative, regulatory landscape and other factors. Many healthcare laws are complex, and their application to specific services and relationships may not be clear. In particular, many existing healthcare laws and regulations, when enacted, did not anticipate or address the services that we provide. Further, healthcare laws differ from state to state and it is difficult to ensure that our business, products and services comply with evolving laws in all states. By way of example, certain federal and state laws forbid billing based on referrals between individuals or entities that have various financial, ownership, or other business relationships with healthcare providers. These laws vary widely from state to state, and one of the federal laws governing these relationships, known as the Stark Law, is very complex in its application. Similarly, many states have laws forbidding physicians from practicing medicine in partnership with non-physicians, such as business corporations, as well as laws or regulations forbidding splitting of physician fees with non-physicians or others. Other federal and state laws restrict assignment of claims for reimbursement from government-funded programs, the manner in which business service companies may handle payments for such claims and the methodology under which business services companies may be compensated for such services. 18 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) of the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) has a longstanding concern that percentage-based billing arrangements may increase the risk of improper billing practices. In addition, certain states have adopted laws or regulations forbidding splitting of fees with non- physicians which may be interpreted to prevent business service providers, including medical billing providers, from using a percentage-based billing arrangement. The OIG and HHS recommend that medical billing companies develop and implement comprehensive compliance programs to mitigate this risk. While we have developed and implemented a comprehensive billing compliance program that we believe is consistent with these recommendations, our failure to ensure compliance with controlling legal requirements, accurately anticipate the application of these laws and regulations to our business and contracting model, or other failure to comply with regulatory requirements, could create liability for us, result in adverse publicity and negatively affect our business. In addition, federal and state legislatures and agencies periodically consider proposals to revise aspects of the healthcare industry or to revise or create additional statutory and regulatory requirements. For instance, the Washington administration may make changes to the ACA, the nature and scope of which are presently unknown. Similarly, certain computer software products are regulated as medical devices under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. While the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) has sometimes chosen to disclaim authority to, or to refrain from actively regulating certain software products which are similar to our products, this area of medical device regulation remains in flux. We expect that the FDA will continue to be active in exploring legal regimes for regulating computer software intended for use in healthcare settings. Any additional regulation can be expected to impose additional overhead costs on us and should we fail to adequately meet these legal obligations, we could face potential regulatory action. Regulatory authorities such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services may also impose functionality standards with regard to electronic prescribing technologies. If implemented, proposals like these could impact our operations, the use of our services and our ability to market new services, or could create unexpected liabilities for us. We cannot predict what changes to laws or regulations might be made in the future or how those changes could affect our business or our operating costs. If we do not maintain the certification of our EHR solution pursuant to the HITECH Act, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. The HITECH Act provides financial incentives for healthcare providers that demonstrate “meaningful use” of EHR and mandates use of health information technology systems that are certified according to technical standards developed under the supervision of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). The HITECH Act also imposes certain requirements upon governmental agencies to use, and requires healthcare providers, health plans, and insurers contracting with such agencies to use, systems that are certified according to such standards. Such standards and implementation specifications that are being developed under the HITECH Act includes named standards, architectures, and software schemes for the authentication and security of individually identifiable health information and the creation of common solutions across disparate entities. The HITECH Act’s certification requirements affect our business because we have invested and continue to invest in conforming our products and services to these standards. HHS has developed certification programs for electronic health records and health information exchanges. Our web-based EHR solution has been certified as a complete EHR by ICSA Labs, a non-governmental, independent certifying body. We must ensure that our EHR solutions continue to be certified according to applicable HITECH Act technical standards so that our customers qualify for any “meaningful use” incentive payments and are not subject to penalties for non-compliance. Failure to maintain this certification under the HITECH Act could jeopardize our relationships with customers who are relying upon us to provide certified software, and will make our products and services less attractive to customers than the offerings of other EHR vendors who maintain certification of their products. If a breach of our measures protecting personal data covered by HIPAA or the HITECH Act occurs, we may incur significant liabilities. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended (HIPAA), and the regulations that have been issued under it contain substantial restrictions and requirements with respect to the use, collection, storage and disclosure of individuals’ protected health information. Under HIPAA, covered entities must establish administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information maintained or transmitted by them or by others on their behalf. In February 2009, HIPAA was amended by the HITECH Act to add provisions that impose certain of HIPAA’s privacy and security requirements directly upon business associates of covered entities. Under HIPAA and the HITECH Act, our customers are covered entities and we are a business associate of our customers as a result of our contractual obligations to perform certain services for those customers. The HITECH Act transferred enforcement authority of the security rule from CMS to the Office for Civil Rights of HHS, thereby consolidating authority over the privacy and security rules under a single office within HHS. Further, HITECH empowered state attorneys general to enforce HIPAA. 19 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The HITECH Act heightened enforcement of privacy and security rules, indicating that the imposition of penalties will be more common in the future and such penalties will be more severe. For example, the HITECH Act requires that the HHS fully investigate all complaints if a preliminary investigation of the facts indicates a possible violation due to “willful neglect” and imposes penalties if such neglect is found. Further, where our liability as a business associate to our customers was previously merely contractual in nature, the HITECH Act now treats the breach of duty under an agreement by a business associate to carry the same liability as if the covered entity engaged in the breach. In other words, as a business associate, we are now directly responsible for complying with HIPAA. We may find ourselves subject to increased liability as a possible liable party and we may incur increased costs as we perform our obligations to our customers under our agreements with them. Finally, regulations also require business associates to notify covered entities, who in turn must notify affected individuals and government authorities of data security breaches involving unsecured protected health information. We have performed an assessment of the potential risks and vulnerabilities to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic health information. In response to this risk analysis, we implemented and maintain physical, technical and administrative safeguards intended to protect all personal data and have processes in place to assist us in complying with applicable laws and regulations regarding the protection of this data and properly responding to any security incidents. If we knowingly breach the HITECH Act’s requirements, we could be exposed to criminal liability. A breach of our safeguards and processes could expose us to civil penalties (up to $1.5 million for identical incidences) and the possibility of civil litigation. If we or our customers fail to comply with federal and state laws governing submission of false or fraudulent claims to government healthcare programs and financial relationships among healthcare providers, we or our customers may be subject to civil and criminal penalties or loss of eligibility to participate in government healthcare programs. As a participant in the healthcare industry, our operations and relationships, and those of our customers, are regulated by a number of federal, state and local governmental entities. The impact of these regulations can adversely affect us even though we may not be directly regulated by specific healthcare laws and regulations. We must ensure that our products and services can be used by our customers in a manner that complies with those laws and regulations. Inability of our customers to do so could affect the marketability of our products and services or our compliance with our customer contracts, or even expose us to direct liability under the theory that we had assisted our customers in a violation of healthcare laws or regulations. A number of federal and state laws, including anti- kickback restrictions and laws prohibiting the submission of false or fraudulent claims, apply to healthcare providers and others that make, offer, seek or receive referrals or payments for products or services that may be paid for through any federal or state healthcare program and, in some instances, any private program. These laws are complex and their application to our specific services and relationships may not be clear and may be applied to our business in ways that we do not anticipate. Federal and state regulatory and law enforcement authorities have recently increased enforcement activities with respect to Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse regulations and other healthcare reimbursement laws and rules. From time to time, participants in the healthcare industry receive inquiries or subpoenas to produce documents in connection with government investigations. We could be required to expend significant time and resources to comply with these requests, and the attention of our management team could be diverted by these efforts. The occurrence of any of these events could give our customers the right to terminate our contracts with us and result in significant harm to our business and financial condition. These laws and regulations may change rapidly, and it is frequently unclear how they apply to our business. Any failure of our products or services to comply with these laws and regulations could result in substantial civil or criminal liability and could, among other things, adversely affect demand for our services, invalidate all or portions of some of our contracts with our customers, require us to change or terminate some portions of our business, require us to refund portions of our revenue, cause us to be disqualified from serving customers doing business with government payers, and give our customers the right to terminate our contracts with them, any one of which could have an adverse effect on our business. 20 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Potential healthcare reform and new regulatory requirements placed on our products and services could increase our costs, delay or prevent our introduction of new products or services, and impair the function or value of our existing products and services. Our products and services may be significantly impacted by healthcare reform initiatives and will be subject to increasing regulatory requirements, either of which could negatively impact our business in a multitude of ways. If substantive healthcare reform or applicable regulatory requirements are adopted, we may have to change or adapt our products and services to comply. Reform or changing regulatory requirements may also render our products or services obsolete or may block us from accomplishing our work or from developing new products or services. This may in turn impose additional costs upon us to adapt to the new operating environment or to further develop or modify our products and services. Such reforms may also make introduction of new products and service more costly or more time-consuming than we currently anticipate. These changes may also prevent our introduction of new products and services or make the continuation or maintenance of our existing products and services unprofitable or impossible. Additional regulation of the disclosure of medical information outside the United States may adversely affect our operations and may increase our costs. Federal or state governmental authorities may impose additional data security standards or additional privacy or other restrictions on the collection, use, transmission, and other disclosures of medical information. Legislation has been proposed at various times at both the federal and the state level that would limit, forbid, or regulate the use or transmission of medical information outside of the United States. Such legislation, if adopted, may render our use of our servers in offshore offices for work related to such data impracticable or substantially more expensive. Alternative processing of such information within the United States may involve substantial delay in implementation and increased cost. Our services present the potential for embezzlement, identity theft, or other similar illegal behavior by our employees. Among other things, our services from time to time involve handling mail from payers and payments from patients for our customers, and this mail frequently includes original checks and credit card information and occasionally includes currency. Where requested, we deposit payments and process credit card transactions from patients on behalf of customers and then forward these payments to the customers. Even in those cases in which we do not handle original documents or mail, our services also involve the use and disclosure of personal and business information that could be used to impersonate third parties or otherwise gain access to their data or funds. The manner in which we store and use certain financial information is governed by various federal and state laws. If any of our employees takes, converts, or misuses such funds, documents, or data, we could be liable for damages, subject to regulatory actions and penalties, and our business reputation could be damaged or destroyed. In addition, we could be perceived to have facilitated or participated in illegal misappropriation of funds, documents, or data and therefore be subject to civil or criminal liability. Risks Related to Ownership of Shares of Our Common Stock Our revenues, operating results and cash flows may fluctuate in future periods and we may fail to meet investor expectations, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline. Variations in our quarterly and year-end operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period. If our sales or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Specific factors that may cause fluctuations in our operating results include: • • • • demand and pricing for our products and services; government or commercial healthcare reimbursement policies; physician and patient acceptance of any of our current or future products; introduction of competing products; 21 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. • • • our operating expenses which fluctuate due to growth of our business; timing and size of any new product or technology acquisitions we may complete; and variable sales cycle and implementation periods for our products and services. Future sales of shares of our common stock could depress the market price of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly. Mahmud Haq currently controls 43.5% of our outstanding shares of common stock, which will prevent investors from influencing significant corporate decisions. Mahmud Haq, our founder and Executive Chairman, beneficially owns 43.5% of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, Mr. Haq exercises a significant level of control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our certificate of incorporation, and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company or changes in management, and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without his support, which in turn could reduce the price of our common stock. Provisions of Delaware law, of our amended and restated charter and amended and restated bylaws may make a takeover more difficult, which could cause our common stock price to decline. Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and in the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) may make it difficult and expensive for a third party to pursue a tender offer, change in control or takeover attempt, which is opposed by management and the board of directors. Public stockholders who might desire to participate in such a transaction may not have an opportunity to do so. We have a staggered board of directors that makes it difficult for stockholders to change the composition of the board of directors in any one year. Further, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for the removal of a director only for cause upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 50.1% of the outstanding shares entitled to cast their vote for the election of directors, which may discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. These and other anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the ability of public stockholders to change our management and board of directors. Such provisions may also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our Series A Preferred Stock in the future. Any issuance of additional preferred stock in the future may dilute the rights of our existing stockholders. Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to determine the price, privileges and other terms of these shares, of which 1,116,289 shares have been issued as of February 28, 2018. Our board of directors may exercise its authority with respect to the remaining shares of preferred stock without any further approval of common stockholders. The rights of the holders of common stock may be adversely affected by the rights of future holders of preferred stock. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock. Currently, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be a stockholder’s sole source of gain. 22 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies will increase our costs and the demands on management and could harm our operating results. As a public company and particularly after we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” we continue to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market impose various requirements on public companies, including requiring changes in corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs and have made and will continue to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, these rules and regulations make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or to incur substantial costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. These rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or our board committees or as executive officers. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting annually and the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures quarterly. In particular, for the year ended December 31, 2017, we performed system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404. As an “emerging growth company” we elected to avail ourselves of the exemption from the requirement that our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. However, we may no longer avail ourselves of this exemption when we cease to be an “emerging growth company” and, when our independent registered public accounting firm is required to undertake an assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, the cost of our compliance with Section 404 will correspondingly increase. Our compliance with applicable provisions of Section 404 requires that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management time on compliance-related issues and stay in compliance with reporting requirements. Moreover, if we are not able to stay in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 applicable to us in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identifies any deficiency(ies) in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weakness(es), the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources. Furthermore, investor perceptions of our Company may suffer if deficiencies are found, and this could cause a decline in the market price of our common and preferred stock. Irrespective of compliance with Section 404, any failure of our internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our stated operating results and harm our reputation. If we are unable to implement these changes effectively or efficiently, it could harm our operations, financial reporting, or financial results and could result in an adverse opinion on internal control from our independent registered public accounting firm. The JOBS Act allows us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations and to reduce the amount of information provided in reports filed with the SEC. We cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common and Series A Preferred Stock less attractive to investors. We are and will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenues equal or exceed $1 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our IPO (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt, or (iv) the date on which we are deemed a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption and, will therefore be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards at the same time as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. 23 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common and Series A Preferred Stock less attractive because we rely on some of the exemptions available to us under the JOBS Act. If some investors find our Common and Series A Preferred Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common and Series A Preferred Stock and our respective stock prices may be more volatile. If we avail ourselves of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements, our reduced disclosure may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate us and may result in less investor confidence. Risks Related to Ownership of Shares of Our Preferred Stock The Series A Preferred Stock ranks junior to all of our indebtedness and other liabilities. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, our assets will be available to pay obligations on the Series A Preferred Stock only after all of our indebtedness and other liabilities have been paid. The rights of holders of the Series A Preferred Stock to participate in the distribution of our assets will rank junior to the prior claims of our current and future creditors and any future series or class of preferred stock we may issue that ranks senior to the Series A Preferred Stock. Also, the Series A Preferred Stock effectively ranks junior to all existing and future indebtedness and to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our existing subsidiaries and any future subsidiaries. Our existing subsidiaries are, and future subsidiaries would be, separate legal entities and have no legal obligation to pay any amounts to us in respect of dividends due on the Series A Preferred Stock. If we are forced to liquidate our assets to pay our creditors, we may not have sufficient assets to pay amounts due on any or all of the Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding. We may in the future incur debt and other obligations that will rank senior to the Series A Preferred Stock. At December 31, 2017, our total liabilities (excluding contingent consideration) equaled approximately $4.7 million. Certain of our existing or future debt instruments may restrict the authorization, payment or setting apart of dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock. Our Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) restricts the payment of dividends in the event of any event of default, including failure to meet certain financial covenants. There can be no assurance that we will remain in compliance with the SVB Credit Agreement, and if we default, we may be contractually prohibited from paying dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock. Also, future offerings of debt or senior equity securities may adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. If we decide to issue debt or senior equity securities in the future, it is possible that these securities will be governed by an indenture or other instruments containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of the Series A Preferred Stock and may result in dilution to owners of the Series A Preferred Stock. We and, indirectly, our shareholders, will bear the cost of issuing and servicing such securities. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will bear the risk of our future offerings, which may reduce the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock and will dilute the value of their holdings in us. We may not be able to pay dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock if we fall out of compliance with our loan covenants and are prohibited by our bank lender from paying dividends or if we have insufficient cash to make dividend payments. Our ability to pay cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock requires us to have either net profits or positive net assets (total assets less total liabilities) over our capital, to be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business. We cannot predict with certainty whether we will remain in compliance with the covenants of our senior secured lender, SVB, which include, among other things, generating adjusted EBITDA and complying with a minimum liquidity ratio. If we fall out of compliance, our lender may exercise any of its rights and remedies under the loan agreement, including restricting us from making dividend payments. Further, notwithstanding these factors, we may not have sufficient cash to pay dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock. Our ability to pay dividends may be impaired if any of the risks described in this document, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, were to occur. Also, payment of our dividends depends upon our financial condition, remaining in compliance with our affirmative and negative loan covenants with SVB, which we may be unable to do in the future, and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that our businesses will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to make distributions on our common stock, if any, and preferred stock, including the Series A Preferred Stock to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. 24 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The market for our Series A Preferred Stock may not provide investors with adequate liquidity. Our Series A Preferred Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. However, the trading market for the Series A Preferred Stock may not be maintained and may not provide investors with adequate liquidity. The liquidity of the market for the Series A Preferred Stock depends on a number of factors, including prevailing interest rates, our financial condition and operating results, the number of holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, the market for similar securities and the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the Series A Preferred Stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our Company will maintain the trading market in our Series A Preferred Stock, or how liquid that market will be. If an active market is not maintained, investors may have difficulty selling shares of our Series A Preferred Stock. We may issue additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock and additional series of preferred stock that rank on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend rights, rights upon liquidation or voting rights. We are allowed to issue additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock and additional series of preferred stock that would rank equally to or above the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend payments and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs pursuant to our articles of incorporation and the articles of amendment relating to the Series A Preferred Stock without any vote of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. Upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock (voting together as a class with all other series of parity preferred stock we may issue upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable), we are allowed to issue additional series of preferred stock that would rank above the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend payments and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or the winding up of our affairs pursuant to our articles of incorporation and the articles of amendment relating to the Series A Preferred Stock. The issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock and additional series of preferred stock could have the effect of reducing the amounts available to the Series A Preferred Stock upon our liquidation or dissolution or the winding up of our affairs. It also may reduce dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock if we do not have sufficient funds to pay dividends on all Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and other classes or series of stock with equal priority with respect to dividends. Also, although holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to limited voting rights with respect to the circumstances under which the holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to vote, the Series A Preferred Stock votes separately as a class along with all other series of our preferred stock that we may issue upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable. As a result, the voting rights of holders of Series A Preferred Stock may be significantly diluted, and the holders of such other series of preferred stock that we may issue may be able to control or significantly influence the outcome of any vote. Future issuances and sales of senior or pari passu preferred stock, or the perception that such issuances and sales could occur, may cause prevailing market prices for the Series A Preferred Stock and our common stock to decline and may adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital in the financial markets at times and prices favorable to us. Market interest rates may materially and adversely affect the value of the Series A Preferred Stock. One of the factors that influences the price of the Series A Preferred Stock is the dividend yield on the Series A Preferred Stock (as a percentage of the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which have recently exhibited heightened volatility but have generally been at low levels relative to historical rates, may lead prospective purchasers of the Series A Preferred Stock to expect a higher dividend yield (and higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for dividend payments). Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock to materially decrease. 25 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be unable to use the dividends-received deduction and may not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income”. Distributions paid to corporate U.S. holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction, and distributions paid to non- corporate U.S. holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be subject to tax at the preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income,” if we have current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not currently have significant accumulated earnings and profits. Additionally, we may not have sufficient current earnings and profits during future fiscal years for the distributions on the Series A Preferred Stock to qualify as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the distributions fail to qualify as dividends, U.S. holders would be unable to use the dividends- received deduction and may not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income.” If any distributions on the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to any fiscal year are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction or preferential tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income” because of insufficient current or accumulated earnings and profits, it is possible that the market value of the Series A Preferred Stock might decline. Our revenues, operating results and cash flows may fluctuate in future periods and we may fail to meet investor expectations, which may cause the price of our Series A Preferred Stock to decline. Variations in our quarterly and year-end operating results are difficult to predict and our income and cash flow may fluctuate significantly from period to period, which may impact our board of directors’ willingness or legal ability to declare a monthly dividend. If our operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our Series A Preferred Stock could decline substantially. Specific factors that may cause fluctuations in our operating results include: • • • • • • • demand and pricing for our products and services; government or commercial healthcare reimbursement policies; physician and patient acceptance of any of our current or future products; introduction of competing products; our operating expenses which fluctuate due to growth of our business; timing and size of any new product or technology acquisitions we may complete; and variable sales cycle and implementation periods for our products and services. Our Series A Preferred Stock has not been rated. We have not sought to obtain a rating for the Series A Preferred Stock. No assurance can be given, however, that one or more rating agencies might not independently determine to issue such a rating or that such a rating, if issued, would not adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. Also, we may elect in the future to obtain a rating for the Series A Preferred Stock, which could adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. Ratings only reflect the views of the rating agency or agencies issuing the ratings and such ratings could be revised downward, placed on a watch list or withdrawn entirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency if in its judgment circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revision, placing on a watch list or withdrawal of a rating could have an adverse effect on the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock. We may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock. On or after November 4, 2020, we may, at our option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time. Also, upon the occurrence of a change of control, we may, at our option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred. We may have an incentive to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock voluntarily if market conditions allow us to issue other preferred stock or debt securities at a rate that is lower than the dividend on the Series A Preferred Stock. If we redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, then from and after the redemption date, dividends will cease to accrue on shares of Series A Preferred Stock, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall no longer be deemed outstanding and all rights as a holder of those shares will terminate, except the right to receive the redemption price plus accumulated and unpaid dividends, if any, payable upon redemption. 26 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The market price of our Series A Preferred Stock is variable and could be substantially affected by various factors. The market price of our Series A Preferred Stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors. The price of the Series A Preferred Stock that will prevail in the market after this offering may be higher or lower than the offering price depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: • • • • • • • • • • prevailing interest rates, increases in which may have an adverse effect on the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock; trading prices of similar securities; our history of timely dividend payments; the annual yield from dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments; general economic and financial market conditions; government action or regulation; the financial condition, performance and prospects of us and our competitors; changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts with respect to us or our competitors in our industry; our issuance of additional preferred equity or debt securities; and actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results of us and our competitors. As a result of these and other factors, investors who purchase the Series A Preferred Stock in this offering may experience a decrease, which could be substantial and rapid, in the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. A holder of Series A Preferred Stock has extremely limited voting rights. The voting rights for a holder of Series A Preferred Stock are limited. Our shares of common stock are the only class of our securities that carry full voting rights, and Mahmud Haq, our Executive Chairman, beneficially owns approximately 43.5% of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, Mr. Haq exercises a significant level of control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our certificate of incorporation, and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company or changes in management, and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without his support, which in turn could reduce the price of our Series A Preferred Stock. Voting rights for holders of the Series A Preferred Stock exist primarily with respect to the ability to elect, voting together with the holders of any other series of our preferred stock having similar voting rights, two additional directors to our board of directors, subject to limitations, in the event that eighteen monthly dividends (whether or not consecutive) payable on the Series A Preferred Stock are in arrears, and with respect to voting on amendments to our articles of incorporation or articles of amendment relating to the Series A Preferred Stock that materially and adversely affect the rights of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock or authorize, increase or create additional classes or series of our capital stock that are senior to the Series A Preferred Stock. Other than the limited circumstances and except to the extent required by law, holders of Series A Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights. The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible, and investors will not realize a corresponding upside if the price of the common stock increases. The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into the common stock and earns dividends at a fixed rate. Accordingly, an increase in market price of our common stock will not necessarily result in an increase in the market price of our Series A Preferred Stock. The market value of the Series A Preferred Stock may depend more on dividend and interest rates for other preferred stock, commercial paper and other investment alternatives and our actual and perceived ability to pay dividends on, and in the event of dissolution satisfy the liquidation preference with respect to, the Series A Preferred Stock. 27 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments N/A Item 2. Properties Our corporate headquarters are located at 7 Clyde Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873 where we occupy approximately 2,400 square feet of space under a lease, the terms of which expired on September 30, 2017. Since that time, we are leasing the facility on a month to month basis. Additionally, we lease approximately 48,100 square feet of office space and computer server facilities in Islamabad, Pakistan, and that lease expires in 2021, as well as approximately 33,200 square feet in Bagh, Pakistan, with an annually renewable lease. The Company also leases office space in Sri Lanka, which expires in March of 2018. In January 2017, the Company leased approximately 6,400 square feet of office space in Dallas, Texas, and approximately 6,800 square feet of office space in Mahwah, New Jersey. These leases have terms of 2 and 3 years, respectively. The Company also leases or subleases office and apartment space in several additional U.S. cities under short-term leases; however, these leases are not significant. We believe our current facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional space will be available as and when needed. Item 3. Legal Proceedings In the normal course of business, we may be subject to various legal and administrative proceedings. Currently, there are no material legal proceedings pending. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures None. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock is listed and has been trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MTBC” since July 23, 2014. The following table presents information on the high and low sales prices per share as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market for our common stock for the periods indicated during such periods: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Common Stock Holders 2017 2016 High Low High Low $ $ $ $ 0.93 $ 3.84 $ 2.39 $ 5.44 $ 0.58 $ 0.29 $ 1.08 $ 1.45 $ 1.26 $ 1.17 $ 1.33 $ 1.07 $ 0.68 0.82 0.72 0.73 As of January 19, 2018, there were approximately 10,800 holders of record of our common stock. 28 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Dividends on Common Stock We have not declared a cash dividend on our common stock since we became public on July 23, 2014, and currently we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock. The Company is prohibited from paying any dividends on common stock without the prior written consent of its senior lender, SVB. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2017. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers There was no share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2017. Securities Authorized for Issuance under the Equity Compensation Plan As of December 31, 2017, the following table shows the number of securities to be issued upon vesting under the equity compensation plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. Equity Compensation Plan Information Plan Category Equity compensation plan approved by security holders - common shares Equity compensation plan approved by security holders - preferred shares Total Item 6. Selected Financial Data Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity incentive plan (excluding securities to be issued upon vesting) Number of securities to be issued upon vesting 605,969 37,800 643,769 1,211,234 27,200 1,238,434 The selected consolidated statements of operations data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 as well as the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected consolidated statements of operations data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 as well as the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are derived from our consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements appearing on page F-1 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Acquisitions by the Company in the last four years account for a significant portion of the increases in revenue and expenses in those years. Note 4 of our Consolidated Financial Statements discusses the acquisitions in the last two years. 29 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Consolidated Statements of Operations Data Net revenue $ 31,811 $ 2017 Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 ($ in thousands, except per share data) 24,493 23,080 $ $ 2014 18,303 $ 10,473 Operating expenses: Direct operating costs Selling and marketing General and administrative Research and development Change in contingent consideration Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total operating expenses 17,679 1,106 11,738 1,082 152 4,300 276 36,333 13,417 1,224 12,459 902 (716) 5,108 - 32,394 11,630 467 11,969 659 (1,786) 4,599 - 27,538 10,636 253 9,943 532 (1,811) 2,791 - 22,344 Operating loss (4,522) (7,901) (4,458) (4,041) Interest expense -- net Other income (expense) -- net Loss before provision for income taxes Income tax provision Net loss Preferred stock dividends Net loss attributable to common shareholders Weighted average common shares outstanding basic and diluted Net loss per common share basic and diluted Consolidated Balance Sheet Data Cash Working capital - net (1) Total assets Long-term debt Shareholders’ equity $ $ $ $ 1,307 332 (5,497) 68 (5,565) 2,030 (7,595) 11,010,432 (0.69) 646 (53) (8,600) 197 (8,797) 753 (9,550) 10,036,988 (0.95) 262 170 (4,550) 138 (4,688) 207 (4,895) 9,732,806 (0.50) $ $ $ 157 (135) (4,333) 176 (4,509) - (4,509) 7,084,630 (0.64) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2017 2016 As of December 31, 2015 ($ in thousands) 2014 2013 4,362 $ 4,608 25,526 121 20,250 3,477 $ (7,418) 28,324 4,200 7,067 8,040 $ 5,128 26,677 4,903 14,892 1,049 $ (3,559) 23,107 49 14,321 498 (1,621) 5,773 1,634 118 2013 4,273 249 4,743 386 - 949 - 10,600 (127) 136 230 (33) 145 (178) - (178) 5,101,770 (0.03) (1) Working capital-net is defined as current assets less current liabilities. Other Financial Data 2017 2016 Years ended December 31, 2015 ($ in thousands) 2014 2013 Adjusted EBITDA $ 2,291 $ (605) $ (675) $ (1,726) $ 1,069 To provide investors with additional insight and allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the information used by management in its financial and operational decision-making, we supplement our consolidated financial statements presented on a basis consistent with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, with adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure of earnings. Adjusted EBITDA represents net income (loss) before income tax expense, interest income, interest expense, depreciation, amortization, integration and transaction costs and contingent consideration. Our management uses adjusted EBITDA as a financial measure to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of our business model. We use this non-GAAP financial measure to assess the strength of the underlying operations of our business. These adjustments, and the non-GAAP financial measure that is derived from them, provide supplemental information to analyze our operations between periods and over time. Investors should consider our non-GAAP financial measure in addition to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table contains a reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA. Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA Net loss Depreciation Amortization Foreign exchange / other expense Interest expense - net Income tax provision Stock-based compensation expense Integration, transaction and restructuring costs Change in contingent consideration Adjusted EBITDA $ $ 2017 2016 Years ended December 31, 2015 ($ in thousands) 2014 2013 (5,565) $ 634 3,666 (249) 1,307 68 1,487 791 152 2,291 $ 30 (8,797) $ 527 4,581 53 646 197 1,928 976 (716) (605) $ (4,688) $ 420 4,179 (170) 262 138 629 341 (1,786) (675) $ (4,509) $ 261 2,530 135 157 176 259 1,076 (1,811) (1,726) $ (178) 234 715 (230) 136 144 - 248 - 1,069 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following is a discussion of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and other factors that are expected to affect our prospective financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the statements set forth in this section are forward-looking statements relating to our future results of operations. Our actual results may vary from the results anticipated by these statements. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Overview MTBC is a healthcare information technology company that provides a fully integrated suite of proprietary web-based solutions, together with related business services, to healthcare providers. Our integrated Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) platform is designed to help our customers increase revenues, streamline workflows and make better business and clinical decisions, while reducing administrative burdens and operating costs. We are able to deliver our leading solutions at very competitive prices because we leverage our proprietary software, which automates our workflows and increases efficiency, together with our highly educated and specialized offshore workforce of more than approximately 1,600 team members at labor costs that we believe to be approximately one- tenth the cost of comparable U.S. Our flagship offering, PracticePro™, empowers healthcare practices with the core software and business services they need to address industry challenges on one unified SaaS platform. We deliver powerful, integrated and easy-to-use ‘big practice solutions’ to small and medium practices, which enable them to efficiently operate their businesses, manage clinical workflows and receive timely payment for their services. PracticePro consists of: • • Practice management software and related tools, which facilitate the day-to-day operation of a medical practice; Electronic health records (“EHR”), which are easy to use, highly ranked, and allow our clients to reduce paperwork and qualify for government incentives; Revenue cycle management (“RCM”) services, which include end-to-end medical billing, analytics, and related services; and • • Mobile Health (“mHealth”) solutions, including smartphone applications that assist patients and healthcare providers in the provision of healthcare services. While many of our clients leverage our full PracticePro suite, we also have a number of clients who utilize other popular EHR software, and for which we provide RCM services, including medical billing, analytics, and related services. Adoption of our solutions requires little or no upfront expenditure by a provider. Additionally, our financial performance is linked directly to the financial performance of our clients because the vast majority of our revenues are based on a percentage of our clients’ collections. The standard fee for our complete, integrated, end-to-end solution is among the lowest in the industry. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company introduced two new products – talkEHR™, a voice enabled EHR solution and Enrollment Plus™, a SaaS solution that streamlines the insurance enrollment workflow. The Company has a clearinghouse service which allows clients to track claim status and includes services such as batch electronic claim and payment transaction clearing and web access for claim corrections. The Company also has an EDI service which provides a centralized electronic data interchange management system to record, manage and control the exchange of information. In addition, the Company has a printing and mailing operation. Our growth strategy involves both acquisitive and organic growth. Both prongs of our strategy have yielded positive results for us historically. 31 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. With regard to our acquisition strategy, we believe that it is becoming increasingly difficult for traditional RCM companies to meet the growing technology and business service needs of healthcare providers without a significant investment in information technology infrastructure. The RCM service industry is highly fragmented, with many local and regional RCM companies serving small medical practices. We believe that the industry is ripe for consolidation and that we can achieve significant growth through acquisitions. Our continued investment in sales and marketing during 2017 has helped us sign new customers which we expect will accelerate organic growth. First, we actively partner with industry participants who cross-market our services and otherwise provide referrals. Second, our newly launched talkEHR is a free product, but is designed to encourage users to upgrade to a revenue-generating, premium billing solution. Since the third quarter launch of talkEHR, more than 950 providers have signed-up for talkEHR and a few have already upgraded to our premium billing. As we move forward, we intend to continue to strategically promote talkEHR to new users, while encouraging providers who have already signed-up to actively use talkEHR in their day-to-day practice and upgrade to our premium billing solution. Third, a key part of our organic growth strategy for larger groups involves active attendance and participation in industry tradeshows. Our offshore operations in Pakistan and Sri Lanka together accounted for approximately 29% and 27% of total expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. A significant portion of those expenses were personnel-related costs (approximately 78% and 75% of foreign costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016). Because personnel-related costs are significantly lower in Pakistan and Sri Lanka than in the U.S. and many other offshore locations, we believe our offshore operations give us a competitive advantage over many industry participants. All of the medical billing companies that we have acquired used domestic labor or subcontractors from higher cost locations to provide all or a substantial portion of their services. We are able to achieve significant cost reductions as we shift these labor costs to our offshore operations. On October 3, 2016, MTBC acquired substantially all the medical billing business and assets of MediGain, LLC and its subsidiary Millennium Practice Management Associates, LLC as well as offshore subsidiaries in India and Sri Lanka. During 2017, the Company integrated the acquired operations, reducing expenses and redundant operations and positions. The MediGain operations resulted in accretive revenue of approximately $13.6 million for 2017. Key Performance Measures We consider numerous factors in assessing our performance. Key performance measures used by management, including adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share, are non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe better enable management and investors to analyze and compare the underlying business results from period to period. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Moreover, these non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all the items associated with the operations of our business as determined in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by analyzing current and future results on a GAAP basis as well as a non-GAAP basis, and we provide reconciliations from the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures to the non-GAAP financial measures. Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes. Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share provide an alternative view of performance used by management and we believe that an investor’s understanding of our performance is enhanced by disclosing these adjusted performance measures. Adjusted EBITDA excludes the following elements which are included in GAAP net income (loss): • • • • • Income tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes; Interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest on principal payments, on our debt; Foreign currency gains and losses and asset impairment charges and other non-operating expenditures; Stock-based compensation expense and cash-settled awards, based on changes in the stock price; Non-cash depreciation and amortization charges, and does not reflect any cash requirements for replacement for capital expenditures; 32 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. • • Integration costs, such as severance amounts paid to employees from acquired businesses, and transaction costs, such as brokerage fees, pre- acquisition accounting costs and legal fees, exit costs related to terminating leases and other contractual agreements, costs related to specific transactions and restructuring charges arising from discontinued operations; and Changes in contingent consideration. Set forth below is a presentation of our adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Net revenue GAAP net loss Provision for income taxes Net interest expense Foreign exchange / other expense Stock-based compensation expense Depreciation and amortization Integration, transaction and restructuring costs Change in contingent consideration Adjusted EBITDA Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 ($ in thousands) 31,811 $ 24,493 (5,565) $ (8,797) 68 1,307 (249) 1,487 4,300 791 152 2,291 $ 197 646 53 1,928 5,108 976 (716) (605) $ $ $ Adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin exclude the following elements which are included in GAAP operating income (loss): • • • • Stock-based compensation expense and cash-settled awards, based on changes in the stock price; Amortization of purchased intangible assets; Integration costs, such as severance amounts paid to employees from acquired businesses, and transaction costs, such as brokerage fees, pre- acquisition accounting costs and legal fees, exit costs related to terminating leases and other contractual agreements, costs related to specific transactions and restructuring charges arising from discontinued operations; and Changes in contingent consideration. Set forth below is a presentation of our adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin, which represents adjusted operating income as a percentage of net revenue, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: 33 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Net revenue GAAP net loss Provision for income taxes Net interest expense Other (income) expense - net GAAP operating loss GAAP operating margin Stock-based compensation expense Amortization of purchased intangible assets Integration, transaction and restructuring costs Change in contingent consideration Non-GAAP adjusted operating income Non-GAAP adjusted operating margin Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 ($ in thousands) 31,811 $ 24,493 $ (5,565) 68 1,307 (332) (4,522) (14.2%) 1,487 3,393 791 152 1,301 $ (8,797) 197 646 53 (7,901) (32.3%) 1,928 4,397 976 (715) (1,315) 4.1% (5.4%) $ $ $ Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share exclude the following elements which are included in GAAP net income (loss): • • • • • • Foreign currency gains and losses and asset impairment charges and other non-operating expenditures; Stock-based compensation expense, including customer incentives and related fees, and cash-settled awards, based on changes in the stock price; Amortization of purchased intangible assets; Integration costs, such as severance amounts paid to employees from acquired businesses or transaction costs, such as brokerage fees, pre- acquisition accounting costs and legal fees, exit costs related to terminating leases and other contractual agreements, costs related to specific transactions and restructuring charges arising from discontinued operations; Changes in contingent consideration; and Income tax expense resulting from the amortization of goodwill related to our acquisitions. No tax effect has been provided in computing non-GAAP adjusted net income and non-GAAP adjusted net income per share as the Company has sufficient carry forward losses to offset the applicable income taxes. The following table shows our reconciliation of GAAP net loss to non-GAAP adjusted net income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: 34 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. GAAP net loss Foreign exchange / other expense Stock-based compensation expense Amortization of purchased intangible assets Integration, transaction and restructuring costs Change in contingent consideration Income tax expense related to goodwill Non-GAAP adjusted net income Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 $ ($ in thousands) (5,565) $ (249) 1,487 3,393 791 152 27 36 $ $ (8,797) 53 1,928 4,397 976 (715) 174 (1,984) Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 GAAP net loss attributable to common, per share $ (0.69) $ GAAP net loss per end-of-period share Foreign exchange / other expense Stock-based compensation expense Amortization of purchased intangible assets Integration, transaction and restructuring costs Change in contingent consideration Income tax expense related to goodwill Non-GAAP adjusted net income per share (0.48) (0.02) 0.13 0.29 0.07 0.01 0.00 $ - $ (0.95) (0.85) 0.01 0.19 0.42 0.09 (0.07) 0.02 (0.19) End-of-period shares 11,530,591 10,300,178 For purposes of determining non-GAAP adjusted net income per share, the Company used the number of common shares outstanding at the end of the years December 31, 2017 and 2016, including shares which were issued but have not been settled, and considered contingent consideration. Accordingly, the end-of- period diluted common shares include 248,625 of contingently issuable shares at December 31, 2016. No tax effect has been provided in computing non-GAAP adjusted net income and non-GAAP adjusted net income per common share as the Company has sufficient carry forward losses to offset the applicable income taxes. The table below shows the composition of end-of-period common shares. Basic shares outstanding Shares recorded as contingent consideration End-of-period shares Years Ended December 31, 2017 11,530,591 - 11,530,591 2016 10,051,553 248,625 10,300,178 35 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Quarterly Results of Operations Net revenue $ 8,292 $ 7,514 $ 7,785 $ 8,220 $ 8,830 $ 5,341 $ 5,213 $ 5,110 December 31, September 30, June 30, March 31, December 31, September 30, June 30, March 31, 2017 2017 2017 2017 2016 2016 2016 2016 ($ in thousands, except per share data) Operating expenses: Direct operating costs Selling and marketing General and administrative Research and development Change in contingent consideration Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total operating expenses 4,086 253 3,505 239 - 663 - 8,746 4,172 229 2,475 249 - 664 - 7,789 4,198 269 2,772 313 163 1,453 - 9,168 5,223 355 2,986 281 (11) 1,520 276 10,630 6,124 386 4,286 327 (108) 1,571 - 12,586 2,670 275 2,569 175 (197) 1,118 - 6,610 2,321 220 2,694 209 (366) 1,205 - 6,283 2,301 344 2,910 191 (45) 1,214 - 6,915 Operating loss (454) (275) (1,383) (2,410) (3,756) (1,269) (1,070) (1,805) Interest expense -- net Other income (expense) -- net Loss before provision for income taxes Income tax (benefit) provision Net loss Preferred stock dividend Net loss attributable to common shareholders Loss per common share Basic and diluted Adjusted EBITDA $ $ $ $ 78 224 (308) (124) (184) $ 673 33 (915) 65 (980) $ 280 37 (1,626) 67 (1,693) $ 276 38 (2,648) 60 (2,708) $ 185 (13) (3,954) 71 (4,025) $ 166 (14) (1,449) 45 (1,494) $ 161 (24) (1,256) 38 (1,294) $ 134 (2) (1,941) 43 (1,984) 747 (931) $ 653 (1,633) $ 427 (2,120) $ 203 (2,911) $ 203 (4,228) $ 231 (1,725) $ 159 (1,453) $ 159 (2,143) (0.08) $ (0.14) $ (0.20) $ (0.29) $ (0.42) $ (0.17) $ (0.15) $ (0.21) 1,526 $ 609 $ 469 $ (313) $ (814) $ 130 $ 14 $ 65 36 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA December 31, 2017 September 30, 2017 June 30, 2017 March 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 September 30, 2016 June 30, 2016 March 31, 2016 $ Net loss Depreciation Amortization Foreign exchange / other expense Interest expense -- net Income tax (benefit) provision Stock-based compensation expense Integration, transaction and restructuring costs Change in contingent consideration Adjusted EBITDA $ (184) 150 513 (215) 78 (124) 1,153 155 - 1,526 $ $ (980) 156 508 (24) 673 65 126 85 - 609 $ $ (1,693) 164 1,289 28 280 67 79 92 163 469 $ $ Key Metrics $ ($ in thousands) (2,708) 164 1,356 (38) 276 60 129 459 (11) (313) $ (4,025) 158 1,413 13 185 71 1,112 367 (108) (814) $ $ (1,494) 129 990 14 166 45 194 284 (197) 130 $ $ (1,294) 123 1,082 24 161 38 132 113 (366) 14 $ $ (1,984) 117 1,096 2 134 43 489 212 (45) 65 In addition to the line items in our consolidated financial statements, we regularly review the following key metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections, make strategic business decisions, and assess market share trends and working capital needs. We believe information on these metrics is useful for investors to understand the underlying trends in our business. Set forth below are our key operating and financial metrics for RCM customers using our Company platform, which excludes acquired customers who have not migrated to our platform as well as customers of our clearinghouse, EDI and other services. Revenue from practices using our platform accounted for approximately 46% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 and approximately 71% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. First Pass Acceptance Rate: We define first pass acceptance rate as the percentage of claims submitted electronically by us to insurers and clearinghouses that are accepted on the first submission and are not rejected for reasons such as insufficient information or improper coding. Clearinghouses are third parties that process the submission of claims to insurers and require compliance with insurance companies’ formatting and other submission rules before submitting those claims. For the purposes of calculating first pass acceptance rate, consistent with industry practice, we exclude claims submitted under real-time adjudication procedures, which are procedures that allow a healthcare provider to determine, at the point of care, if a service they are rendering will be paid. Our first-time acceptance rate was approximately 96% for both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, which compares favorably to the average of the top twelve payers of approximately 95%, as reported by the American Medical Association. First Pass Resolution Rate: First pass resolution rate measures the percentage of primary claims that are favorably adjudicated and closed upon a single submission. Our first pass resolution rate was approximately 94% for both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Days in Accounts Receivable: Days in accounts receivable measures the median number of days between the day a claim is submitted by us on behalf of our customer, and the date the claim is paid to our customer. Our clients’ median days in accounts receivable was approximately 37 days for primary care and 41 days for combined specialties for the year ended December 31, 2017, and approximately 33 days for primary care and 40 days for combined specialties for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the national average of 36 and 40 days, respectively, as reported by the Medical Group Management Association, an association for professional administrators and leaders of medical group practices in 2016. Higher first pass resolution rates and effective follow- up helped us to achieve this rate, which reduces our customers’ collection cycle of claims, leading to increased revenue and customer satisfaction. 37 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Customer Renewal Rate: Our customer renewal rate measures the percentage of our clients who were a party to a services agreement with us on January 1 of a particular year and continued to operate and be a client on December 31 of the same year. It also includes acquired accounts, if they are a party to a services agreement with the company we acquired and are generating revenue for us, so long as the risk of client loss under the respective purchase agreement has fully shifted to us by January 1 of the particular year. Our renewal rates for 2017 and 2016 were 90% and 85%, respectively. The renewal rates for our customers who are also users of our EHR for 2017 and 2016 were 98% and 97%, respectively. The percentage of our revenue generated during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 which came from all users of our EHR was 32% and 39%, respectively. Providers and Practices Served: As of December 31, 2017, we provided RCM and related services to approximately 3,500 providers (which we define as physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other clinical staff that render bills for their services), representing approximately 750 practices. In addition, we served approximately 230 clients who were not medical practices, but are service organizations who serve the healthcare community. As of December 31, 2016, we served approximately 2,800 providers representing approximately 830 practices. Sources of Revenue Revenue: We primarily derive our revenues from revenue cycle management services, typically billed as a percentage of payments collected by our customers. This fee includes RCM as well as the ability to use our EHR and practice management software as part of the bundled fee. These payments accounted for approximately 89% and 88% of our revenues during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This includes customers utilizing our proprietary product suite, PracticePro, as well as customers from acquisitions which we are servicing utilizing third-party software. Key drivers of our revenue include growth in the number of providers we are servicing, the number of patients served by those providers, and collections by those providers. We also generate revenues from the sale of our stand-alone web-based EHR solution and from transcription, coding, indexing and other ancillary services. Our plan is to move customers acquired through acquisitions to our operating platform in order to increase efficiencies wherever feasible without jeopardizing the client relationship. By the end of 2017, we moved approximately 65% of the medical billing customers from prior acquisitions that were on other platforms to our operating platform. We earned approximately 2% and 3% of our revenue from clearinghouse and EDI clients during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We earned approximately 4% and 3% of our revenue from printing and mailing operations during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Operating Expenses Direct Operating Costs. Direct operating cost consists primarily of salaries and benefits related to personnel who provide services to our customers, claims processing costs, and other direct costs related to our services. Costs associated with the implementation of new customers are expensed as incurred. The reported amounts of direct operating costs do not include depreciation and amortization, which are broken out separately in the consolidated statements of operations. Our Pakistan and Sri Lanka operations accounted for approximately 37% and 35% of direct operating costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As we grow, we expect to achieve further economies of scale and to see our direct operating costs decrease as a percentage of revenue. Selling and Marketing Expense. Selling and marketing expense consists primarily of compensation and benefits, commissions, travel, advertising expenses. These have been relatively low in the past (under 2% of our revenue through 2015), as we have often found it to be more economical to grow by the acquisition of other medical billing companies than by engaging in directed marketing efforts to prospective customers. However, in October 2016, we hired four sales and marketing personnel as part of MediGain acquisition. During 2017, we continued to invest in marketing, business development and sales resources to expand our market share, building on our existing customer base. Going forward, we will further invest in marketing, business development and sales resources. Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs and third-party contractor costs. Because we incorporate our technology into our services as soon as technological feasibility is established, most costs are currently expensed as incurred. We expect our research and development expense to increase in the future in absolute terms, but decrease as a percentage of revenue. Consistent with our growth plans, we are hiring developers, analysts and project managers in an effort to streamline our operational processes and further develop our products. 38 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel-related expense for administrative employees, including compensation, benefits, travel, occupancy and insurance, software license fees and outside professional fees. Our Pakistan and Sri Lanka offices accounted for approximately 28% and 26% of general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Contingent Consideration. Contingent consideration represents the portion of consideration payable to the sellers of some of our acquisitions, the amount of which is based on the achievement of defined performance measures contained in the purchase agreements. For acquisitions completed in 2015 and 2016, contingent consideration consists solely of cash. For an acquisition completed in 2014, contingent consideration included the Company’s common stock, however, this obligation was settled and satisfied in 2017. Contingent consideration is adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period. Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation expense is charged using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the assets ranging from three to five years. Depreciation for computers is calculated over three years, while remaining assets (except leasehold improvements) are depreciated over five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the lease term or the economic life of those assets. Amortization expense is charged on either an accelerated or on a straight-line basis over a period of three years for most intangible assets acquired in connection with acquisitions. In 2017, our acquisition and purchase of customer relationships added approximately $120,000 of intangibles. Amortization expense related to the 2017 acquisition was approximately $35,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017. In 2016, our acquisitions and purchases of customer relationships added $4.8 million of intangibles. Amortization expense related to the 2016 Acquisitions was $1.8 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Interest and Other Income (Expense). Interest expense consists primarily of interest costs related to our working capital line of credit, term loans and amounts due in connection with acquisitions, offset by interest income. Our other income (expense) results primarily from foreign currency transaction gains (losses), and amounted to a foreign exchange gain of $249,000 and a foreign exchange loss of $92,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Income Tax. In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. These differences result in deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Although the Company is forecasting a return to profitability, it incurred cumulative losses, which make realization of a deferred tax asset difficult to support in accordance with ASC 740. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded against all deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Impact of the U.S. Tax Reform On December 22, 2017, the U.S. President signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) into law. Effective January 1, 2018, among other changes, the Act (a) reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent, provides for a deemed repatriation and taxation at reduced rates on historical earnings (a “Transition Tax”) of certain non-US subsidiaries owned by U.S. companies and establishes new mechanisms to tax such earnings going forward. The Act limits the use of net operating losses generated after January 1, 2018 to 80% of taxable income. Similar to other multinational companies, the Act has implications for the Company. However, the provisional impact of the Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 is not material to net income. For our deferred tax liability related to the amortization of goodwill for tax purposes, we have recorded a decrease of $196,000 with a corresponding net adjustment to the deferred tax benefit of that amount for the year ended December 31, 2017. For the Company’s remaining deferred tax assets and liabilities, the Company has a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in the U.S., which results in there being no U.S. deferred tax assets or liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheet that need to be remeasured at the new 21% rate. Further, the Company determined that the new Transition Tax will be offset by U.S. tax attributes such as net operating loss carryforwards, and thus did not result in any incremental taxes payable. For the Transition Tax, further information is required to finalize the estimated amount of accumulated foreign earnings as well as to validate the amount of earnings represented by the aggregate foreign cash position as defined in the Tax Act. We expect to complete our analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118. The Company will continue to analyze the effects of the Act on its consolidated financial statements and operations. Any additional impacts from the enactment of the Act will be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin 118. 39 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future events, and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expense and related disclosures. We base our estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience, current trends and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. On a regular basis, we review our accounting policies, estimates, assumptions and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. We believe that the accounting policies below are those policies that involve the greatest degree of complexity and exercise of judgment by our management. The methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on our results of operations. For a more detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies, please refer to Note 3 in the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Contingent Consideration If a business combination provides for contingent consideration, the Company records the contingent consideration at fair value at the acquisition date. As a result of the acquisitions, the Company adjusts the contingent consideration liability at the end of each reporting period based on fair value inputs representing changes in the fair value of the Company’s common stock, changes in forecasted revenue of the acquired entities and the probability of an adjustment to the purchase price. Critical estimates include determining the forecasted revenue for certain acquisitions, probability and timing of cash collections and an appropriate discount rate. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration after the acquisition date are included in earnings if the contingent consideration is recorded as a liability. Goodwill Impairment Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually as of October 31 st, referred to as the annual test date. The Company will also test for impairment between annual test dates if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting-unit level. The Company has determined that its business consists of a single reporting unit. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment including the use of a discount cash flow and market approach methodology. These analyses require significant assumptions and judgments. These assumptions and judgements include estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, determination of our weighted average cost of capital and the selection of comparable companies and the interpretation of their data. Future business and economic conditions, as well as differences in actual financial results related to any of the assumptions, could materially impact the financial statements through impairment of goodwill or intangible assets and acceleration of the amortization period of the purchased intangible assets which are finite-lived assets. No impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. The fair value amount assigned to intangible assets is based on an exit price from a market participant’s viewpoint, and utilizes data such as discounted cash flow analysis and replacement cost models. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, historical and projected client retention rates, expected future cash inflows and outflows and estimated useful lives of those intangible assets. ASC 805 also specifies criteria that intangible assets acquired in a business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combinations and are expensed as incurred. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide an allowance for the portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. If necessary, provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding receivables. In determining the provision, we analyze our historical collection experience, the aging of our accounts receivable, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. We reassess this allowance each reporting period. If actual payment experience with our customers is different than our estimates, adjustments to this allowance may be necessary resulting in additional charges to our statement of operations. 40 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Results of Operations The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations as a percentage of total revenue for the years shown. Net revenue Operating expenses: Direct operating costs Selling and marketing General and administrative Change in contingent consideration Research and development Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total operating expenses Operating loss Interest expense - net Other income (expense) - net Loss before income taxes Income tax provision Net loss Comparison of 2017 and 2016 Revenue Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 100.0% 100.0% 55.6% 3.5% 36.9% 0.5% 3.4% 13.5% 0.9% 114.3% (14.3%) 4.1% 1.0% (17.4%) 0.2% (17.6%) 54.8% 5.0% 50.9% (2.9%) 3.7% 20.9% 0.0% 132.4% (32.4%) 2.6% (0.2%) (35.2%) 0.8% (36.0%) Years Ended December 31, Change 2017 31,810,635 $ 24,493,443 $ 2016 $ Amount Percent 7,317,192 30% Revenue. Total revenue of $31.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $7.3 million or 30% from revenue of $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $17.0 million and $264,000 of revenue from customers we acquired from acquisitions in 2016 and 2017, respectively, offset by attrition from customers. Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016 included $7.3 million of revenue from customers we acquired from the 2016 Acquisitions. 41 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Direct operating costs Selling and marketing General and administrative Research and development Change in contingent consideration Depreciation Amortization Restructuring charges Total operating expenses Years Ended December 31, Change 2017 17,679,070 $ 13,416,627 $ 2016 $ 1,106,698 11,738,201 1,081,832 151,423 634,395 3,665,548 275,628 1,224,243 12,458,820 902,186 (715,495) 527,072 4,580,963 - $ 36,332,795 $ 32,394,416 $ Amount Percent 4,262,443 (117,545) (720,619) 179,646 866,918 107,323 (915,415) 275,628 3,938,379 32% (10%) (6%) 20% 121% 20% (20%) 100% 12% Direct Operating Costs. Direct operating costs of $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $4.3 million or 32% from direct operating costs of $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Salary costs increased by $1.6 million and $529,000 in the U.S. and Sri Lanka, respectively, as a result of MediGain acquisition. Postage and delivery costs increased by $437,000 due to the acquisition of WFS Services, Inc. Salary and other direct operating costs in Pakistan increased by $1.3 million or 34% for the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of additional employees in Pakistan hired to service newly acquired customers. In addition, software platform costs increased by $610,000. During the year ended December 31, 2017, salary and benefit costs for the subsidiary in Poland decreased by $148,000. Selling and Marketing Expense. Selling and marketing expense of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $118,000 or 10% from selling and marketing expense of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense of $11.7 million decreased by $721,000 or 6% from general and administrative expense of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 which was primarily due to the decrease in salary cost from the MediGain acquisition due to the elimination of duplicate functions. Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $180,000 or 20% from research and development expense of $902,000 in the prior year, as a result of adding additional technical employees in Pakistan performing software development work. Contingent Consideration. The change in contingent consideration of $151,000 and ($715,000) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, relates to the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration. The loss in 2017 resulted from an increase in the price of the Company’s common stock for the shares held in escrow from the acquisition of Practicare Medical Management, Inc. in 2014. The gain in 2016 resulted primarily from changes in the revenue estimates for the acquisitions made in 2015 and the 2016 Acquisitions and also from a decrease in the price of the Company’s common stock for the shares held in escrow. Depreciation. Depreciation of $634,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $107,000 or 20% from depreciation of $527,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of additional property and equipment purchases and the MediGain acquisition. Amortization Expense. Amortization expense of $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, decreased by $915,000 or 20% from amortization expense of $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. This decrease is due to the intangible assets acquired in the 2014 acquisitions becoming fully amortized during 2017, net of the additional amortization related to the MediGain acquisition. Restructuring Charges. Restructuring charges primarily represent employee severance costs, remaining lease and termination fees, disposal of property and equipment and professional fees associated with the closing of the operations in India and Poland. There were no similar costs incurred in 2016. 42 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Interest income Interest expense Other income (expense) - net Income tax provision Years Ended December 31, Change 2017 2016 Amount Percent $ 16,944 $ 36,411 $ (1,324,219) 332,084 67,805 (682,083) (53,276) 196,802 (19,467) (642,136) 385,360 (128,997) (53%) (94%) 723% (66%) Interest Income. Interest income of $17,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $19,000 or 53% from interest income of $36,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Interest income primarily represents late fees from customers. Interest Expense. Interest expense of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $642,000 or 94% from interest expense of $682,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to additional interest costs on amounts related to the MediGain acquisition. Also, included in the 2017 interest expense is $463,000 of deferred financing costs related to the Opus credit agreement, which were written off in connection with the full repayment and termination of the loan agreement. Other Income (Expense) - net. Other income - net was $332,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to other expense - net of $53,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Included in other income (expense) are foreign currency transaction gains (losses) primarily resulting from transactions in foreign currencies other than the functional currency. These transaction gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations related to the recurring measurement and settlement of such transactions. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2017 also includes $59,000 in cash received, net of obligations assumed, from the former owners of an acquired business in settlement of a dispute. Income Tax Provision. There was a $68,000 provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $129,000 compared to the provision for income taxes of $197,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Included in the 2017 tax provision was a $26,542 deferred income tax provision related to the amortization of goodwill. The pre-tax loss decreased from $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Although the Company is forecasting a return to profitability, it incurred three years of cumulative losses which make realization of a deferred tax asset difficult to support in accordance with ASC 740. Accordingly, a valuation allowance was recorded against all deferred tax assets of $6.7 million and $7.2 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate is (1.1%) and our Federal statutory tax rate is 34%. The primary reason for this difference pertains to the net operating loss incurred in the current year which could not be recorded as a benefit as the Company recorded a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets. The Company has recorded goodwill as a result of its acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes. However, goodwill is tax deductible and therefore amortized over 15 years for tax purposes. As such, deferred income tax expense and a deferred tax liability arise as a result of the tax-deductibility of this indefinitely lived asset. The resulting deferred tax liability, which is expected to continue to increase over the amortization period, will have an indefinite life. This deferred tax liability could remain on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet indefinitely unless there is an impairment of goodwill (for financial reporting purposes) or a portion of the business is sold. Since the aforementioned deferred tax liability could have an indefinite life, it is not netted against the Company’s deferred tax assets when determining the required valuation allowance. Doing so would result in the understatement of the valuation allowance and related deferred income tax expense. The Company will maintain a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. While our plan is to be profitable in the future and begin utilizing these deferred tax assets, there is not sufficient evidence to allow us to avoid the full valuation allowance in 2016 and 2017. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and an income tax benefit for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change on the basis of the timing and level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve. The Company has a Federal NOL carry forward of approximately $15.5 million which will expire between 2034 and 2037. The Company has state NOL carry forwards of approximately $14.7 million which will expire at various dates from 2034 to 2037. 43 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (2) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on future dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations; (5) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (7) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has completed a preliminary analysis of the effects of the Tax Act on the Company and do not believe that it will have a significant impact as a result of the available Federal net operating losses available to the Company. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Company had a cash balance of $4.4 million at December 31, 2017 and no outstanding amount drawn on its credit facility with SVB. During October 2017, the Company repaid and closed its Opus credit facility and replaced it with a $5 million revolving line of credit with SVB. Borrowings under the SVB facility are based on 200% of repeatable revenue, reduced by an annualized attrition rate, as defined in the agreement. The entire facility is currently available to the Company. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all the covenants contained in the SVB credit agreement. In October 2016 the Company made an initial $2 million payment toward the MediGain acquisition, which had a total purchase price of $7 million, and the remaining $5 million, plus interest, was paid during the third quarter of 2017. The Company had a major turning point in liquidity during 2017, starting the year with $3.5 million in cash, $9.3 million of bank debt, a working capital deficit of $7.4 million and negative cash flows from operations of $889,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. In 2017, the Company generated $282,000 of positive cash flow from operations as the Company completed the integration of its 2016 Acquisitions and ended the year with $4.4 million in cash, positive working capital of $4.6 million and no bank debt. As profitability and liquidity improved during the year, the Company had fourth quarter 2017 cash flows provided by operating activities of $1.6 million, and also a net increase in cash for the quarter of $1.6 million. Management achieved extensive expense reductions following the acquisition of MediGain in October 2016. The cost cutting included closing certain domestic and foreign facilities, eliminating reliance on subcontractors, and reducing non-essential personnel where work could be performed by offshore employees more cost-effectively. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years presented. Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net increase (decrease) in cash Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 281,642 (902,211) 1,843,979 (338,058) 885,352 $ $ (889,342) (3,833,482) 148,806 11,336 (4,562,682) $ $ In September 2015, the Company secured a $10 million credit facility from Opus, including an $8 million term loan and a $2 million revolving line of credit. During October 2017, the credit facility with Opus was repaid and terminated, and replaced with a $5 million revolving line of credit from SVB. As of December 31, 2017, no amounts were drawn on the SVB credit line. 44 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The loss before income taxes was $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, of which $4.3 million was non-cash depreciation and amortization. Additionally, the loss included the non-cash write-off of the deferred financing costs due to the early termination of the Opus credit agreement amounting to approximately $463,000. During the year of 2017, the Company raised a total of $18.4 million in net proceeds from a series of equity financings. In May 2017, the Company completed a registered direct offering of one million shares of its common stock at $2.30 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $2.0 million. Between June and December 2017, the Company completed six public offerings of approximately 765,000 shares of Preferred Stock at $25.00 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $16.4 million. Management continues to focus on the Company's overall profitability, including growing revenue and managing expenses, and expects that these efforts will continue to enhance our liquidity and financial position. Based on management’s forecasts, the Company will have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations as they become due for the next twelve months from the date of financial statement issuance. Collectively, these developments dramatically improved the financial position of the Company. Operating Activities Cash provided by operating activities was $282,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to cash used in operating activities of $889,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in the net loss of $3.2 million included the following changes in non-cash items: decrease in depreciation and amortization of $808,000, decrease in stock-based compensation of $391,000, net of an increase in the adjustment for contingent consideration of $867,000. Revenue increased by $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, and expenses increased by $3.9 million for the same period primarily due to the acquisition of MediGain in the fourth quarter of 2016. Accounts receivable decreased by $42,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared with an increase of $456,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Accounts payable, accrued compensation and accrued expenses decreased by $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared with an increase of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Investing Activities Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $902,000, a decrease of $2.9 million compared to $3.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in spending is primarily due to only a small acquisition in 2017 for $205,000 compared to initial payments of $3.4 million for the 2016 Acquisitions. Financing Activities Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $1.8 million, compared to $149,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016. Cash provided by financing activities during 2017 includes $16.5 million of net proceeds from issuing approximately 765,000 shares of preferred stock, $2.0 million raised from issuing one million shares of common stock, offset by $7.7 million of repayments for debt obligations, a $5 million payment to Prudential and $1.5 million of preferred stock dividends. Cash provided by financing activities the year ended December 31, 2016 included $2 million of additional term loan borrowings from Opus Bank before financing costs, offset by $1.4 million repayment of debt obligations, $709,000 of preferred stock dividends and $546,000 of repurchases of common stock. Average borrowings from our revolving line of credit were $660,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. During October 2017, the Company replaced its Opus credit facility with a $5 million revolving line of credit from SVB. Borrowings under the credit facility are based on 200% of repeatable revenue reduced by an annualized attrition rate, as defined in the agreement. As of December 31, 2017, there were no amounts drawn on the line, and the full $5 million is currently available. In connection with the common stock buy-back program, the Company purchased 644,565 of its shares for an aggregate cost of $546,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. No shares were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2017. 45 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Contractual Obligations and Commitments We have contractual obligations under our line of credit and those related to contingent consideration in connection with the acquisitions made in 2015 and 2016. We also maintain operating leases for property and certain office equipment. We were in compliance with all SVB covenants in 2017. The following table presents certain payments due by the Company under our long-term contractual obligations with minimum firm commitments as of December 31, 2017. In addition, based on the obligations as of December 31, 2017, we expected interest expense to be approximately $20,000 during the years below. Notes payable Leases Contingent consideration Total Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 2018 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total Year Ending December 31, ($ in thousands) $ $ 169 335 505 1,009 $ $ 50 180 98 328 $ $ 40 - - 40 $ $ 18 - - 18 $ $ 13 - - 13 $ $ 290 515 603 1,408 As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special-purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Other than our operating leases for office space, computer equipment and other property, we do not engage in off- balance sheet financing arrangements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk We are a smaller reporting company as defined by 17 C.F.R. 229.10(f)(1) and are not required to provide information under this item, pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” which appears on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, based on the 2013 framework and criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017 as required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. 46 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2017 our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Management is required to base its assessment on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting on a suitable, recognized control framework. Management has utilized the criteria established in COSO to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our management has performed its assessment according to the guidelines established by COSO. Based on the assessment, management has concluded that our system of internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2017, is effective. Because of its inherent limitations, our internal controls over financial reporting provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the financial statements and footnotes thereto are free of material error. In addition, no internal control structure can provide absolute assurance that all instances of fraud have been detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate. This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 47 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“2018 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 11. Executive Compensation Information required by this item will be included in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information required by this item will be included in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information required by this item will be included in the 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Information required by this item will be included in our 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 48 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: (1) Financial Statements (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedules There are no Financial Statement Schedules filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as the required information is not applicable or is included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (b) Exhibit Index: Exhibit Number 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2013, by and among Tekhealth Services, Inc., Professional Accounts Management, Inc. and Practice Development Strategies, Inc., CastleRock Solutions, Inc., Rob Ramoji, and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on December 20, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference). Description Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2013, by and among Ultimate Medical Management, Inc., Practicare Medical Management, Inc., James Antonacci and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on December 20, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2014, by and among Laboratory Billing Services Providers, LLC, Medical Data Resources Providers, LLC, Medical Billing Resources Providers, LLC, Primary Billing Service Providers, Inc. Omni Medical Billing Services, LLC, Marc Haberman, Z Capital, LLC, Medsoft Systems, LLC and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.3 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on May 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2013, by and among Metro Medical Management Services, Inc. and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on December 20, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of March 5, 2014, by and among Tekhealth Services, Inc., Professional Accounts Management, Inc. and Practice Development Strategies, Inc., CastleRock Solutions, Inc., Rob Ramoji, and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.5 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 49 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of March 21, 2014 by and among Ultimate Medical Management, Inc., Practicare Medical Management, Inc., James Antonacci and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.6 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of June 10, 2014, by and among Laboratory Billing Services Providers, LLC, Medical Data Resources Providers, LLC, Medical Billing Resources Providers, LLC, Primary Billing Service Providers, Inc. Omni Medical Billing Services, LLC, Marc Haberman, Z Capital, LLC, Medsoft Systems, LLC and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.7 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on June 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of June 10, 2014, by and among Tekhealth Services, Inc., Professional Accounts Management, Inc. and Practice Development Strategies, Inc., CastleRock Solutions, Inc., Rob Ramoji, and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.8 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on June 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of June 16, 2014 by and among Ultimate Medical Management, Inc., Practicare Medical Management, Inc., James Antonacci and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.9 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on June 16, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of July 3, 2014 by and among Ultimate Medical Management, Inc., Practicare Medical Management, Inc., James Antonacci and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.10 to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on July 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of July 11, 2014, by and among Laboratory Billing Services Providers, LLC, Medical Data Resources Providers, LLC, Medical Billing Resources Providers, LLC, Primary Billing Service Providers, Inc. Omni Medical Billing Services, LLC, Marc Haberman, Z Capital, LLC, Medsoft Systems, LLC and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.11 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Form S- 1 filed on July 14, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of July 10, 2014, by and among Tekhealth Services, Inc., Professional Accounts Management, Inc. and Practice Development Strategies, Inc., CastleRock Solutions, Inc., Rob Ramoji, and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.12 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on July 14, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Addendum to Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of July 10, 2014 by and among Ultimate Medical Management, Inc., Practicare Medical Management, Inc., James Antonacci and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.13 to Amendment No. 7 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on July 14, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Post-closing Agreement dated as of September 12, 2014, by and among Laboratory Billing Services Providers, LLC, Medical Data Resources Providers, LLC, Medical Billing Resources Providers, LLC, Primary Billing Service Providers, Inc. Omni Medical Billing Services, LLC, Marc Haberman, Z Capital, Inc., Medsoft Systems, LLC and the Company (filed as Exhibit 2.14 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on September 4, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 50 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 2.15 2.16 Asset Purchase Agreement Modification/Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release dated February 19, 2015, by and between the Company, CastleRock Solutions, Inc., Professional Accounts Management, Inc., Tekhealth Services, Inc., and Ravindran Ramoji (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). Asset Purchase Agreement Modification/Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release dated February 19, 2015, by and between the Company, Ravindran Ramoji, Physician Development Strategies Inc. d/b/a Practice Development Strategies (“PDS”), and Christopher F. Burns (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.17 Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release, entered into as of February 25, 2015 by and between the Company, EA Health Corporation, and Christopher F. Burns (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.18 Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 10, 2015, by and between the Company and with SoftCare Solutions, Inc., the U.S. subsidiary of QHR Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 14, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.19 Asset Purchase Agreement dated August 31, 2015, by and between the Company and Jesjam Holdings, LLC doing business as MedTech Professional Billing, and Randy B. Spector (filed as Exhibit 2.19 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference). 2.20 Asset Purchase Agreement dated February 15, 2016, by and between the Company and Gulf Coast Billing, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.21 Asset Purchase Agreement dated May 2, 2016, by and between the Company and Renaissance Medical Billing, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 30, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.22 Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 1, 2016, by and among the Company and WFS Services, Inc., Deborah Shapiro, Ann Newman and Michael Newman (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 30, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). 2.23 2.24 2.25 Assignment Agreement dated October 3, 2016, by and between the Company, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, and Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). Strict Foreclosure Agreement dated October 3, 2016, by and between MTBC Acquisition, Corp., MediGain, LLC and Millennium Practice Management Associates, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). Transition Services Agreement dated October 3, 2016, by and between MTBC Acquisition, Corp., MediGain, LLC and Millennium Practice Management Associates, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). 51 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 2.26 2.27 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 First Amendment to Assignment Agreement dated January 3, 2017, by and between the Company, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, and Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 6, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). Second Amendment to Assignment Agreement dated January 23, 2017, by and between the Company, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, and Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 24, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on August 11, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of 11% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on August 11, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). First Amendment to Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of 11% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on September 15, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). Form of common stock certificate of the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on May 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). Form of stock certificate of the 11% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock. (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form S-1 on October 19, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference). Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated as of September 2, 2015 issued by the Company to Opus Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated as of July 13, 2016 issued by the Company to Opus Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated as of October 13, 2017 issued by the Company to Silicon Valley Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 16, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.1 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of its directors and executive officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on May 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 52 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 10.2* Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix B to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on February 10, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.3* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S- 1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.4 Lease between Company and Mahmud Haq with respect to offices located at 7 Clyde Road, Somerset, NJ 08873 (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on December 20, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.5* Employment Agreement between the Company and Mahmud Haq dated as of April 4, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.6* Employment Agreement between the Company and Stephen Snyder dated as of April 4, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.7* Employment Agreement between the Company and Bill Korn dated as of April 4, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 filed on April 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.8 Credit Agreement dated as of September 2, 2015 by and between Opus Bank and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.9 Term Note dated as of September 2, 2015 issued by the Company to Opus Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.10 Line of Credit Note dated as of September 2, 2015 issued by the Company to Opus Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.11 Security Agreement dated as of September 2, 2015 by and between Opus Bank and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.12* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).. 10.13 Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2016, between Medical Transcription Billing, Corp., and Opus Bank (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). 10.14 Waiver and Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2017, between Medical Transcription Billing, Corp., and Opus Bank. 10.15 21.1 Loan and Security Agreement dated as of October 13, 2017 between Medical Transcription Billing, Corp., MTBC Acquisition, Corp. and Silicon Valley Bank (filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 16, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). List of subsidiaries (filed as Exhibit 21.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on June 2, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). 53 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 23.1 31.1 Consent of Grant Thornton LLP. Certification of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 31.2 Certification of the Company’s Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 32.1 Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2 Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.LAB 101.PRE 101.DEF XBRL Instance XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase *Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. The certifications on Exhibit 32 hereto are deemed not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. 54 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 7, 2018. Signatures Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. By: /s/ Stephen Snyder Stephen Snyder Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Bill Korn Bill Korn Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Signature /s/ Mahmud Haq Mahmud Haq /s/ Stephen Snyder Stephen Snyder /s/ Bill Korn Bill Korn /s/ Norman Roth Norman Roth /s/ A. Hadi Chaudhry A. Hadi Chaudhry /s/ Anne Busquet Anne Busquet /s/ Howard L. Clark, Jr. Howard L. Clark, Jr. /s/ John N. Daly John N. Daly /s/ Cameron Munter Cameron Munter Title Executive Chairman and Director Principal Executive Officer and Director Principal Financial Officer Principal Accounting Officer President Director Director Director Director 55 Date March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Shareholders Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. Opinion on the financial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015. Iselin, New Jersey March 7, 2018 F-2 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash Accounts receivable - net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $185,000 and $156,000 at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively Current assets - related party Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment - net Intangible assets - net Goodwill Other assets TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts payable Accrued compensation Accrued expenses Deferred rent (current portion) Deferred revenue (current portion) Accrued liability to related party Borrowings under line of credit Current portion of long-term debt Notes payable - other (current portion) Contingent consideration (current portion) Dividend payable Total current liabilities Long - term debt, net of discount and debt issuance costs Notes payable - other Deferred rent Deferred revenue Contingent consideration Deferred tax liability Total liabilities COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 11) SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share - authorized 2,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,086,739 and 294,656 shares at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively Common stock, $0.001 par value - authorized 19,000,000 shares; issued 12,271,390 and 10,792,352 shares at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively; outstanding, 11,530,591 and 10,051,553 shares at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Accumulated other comprehensive loss Less: 740,799 common shares held in treasury, at cost at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Total shareholders’ equity TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-3 2017 2016 $ 4,362,232 $ 3,476,880 $ $ 3,879,463 25,203 662,822 8,929,720 1,385,743 2,509,544 12,263,943 436,713 25,525,663 991,859 1,137,351 616,778 81,826 62,104 10,675 - - 168,718 505,557 747,147 4,322,015 - 120,899 333,788 28,615 97,854 372,072 5,275,243 4,330,901 13,200 618,501 8,439,482 1,588,937 5,833,706 12,178,868 282,713 28,323,706 1,905,131 2,009,911 1,236,609 61,437 41,666 16,626 2,000,000 2,666,667 5,181,459 535,477 202,579 15,857,562 4,033,668 166,184 433,186 26,673 394,072 345,530 21,256,875 1,087 295 12,272 45,129,517 (23,509,386) (721,070) (662,000) 20,250,420 25,525,663 $ 10,793 26,038,063 (17,944,230) (376,090) (662,000) 7,066,831 28,323,706 $ $ $ EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016 NET REVENUE OPERATING EXPENSES: Direct operating costs Selling and marketing General and administrative Research and development Change in contingent consideration Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total operating expenses OPERATING LOSS OTHER: Interest income Interest expense Other income (expense) - net LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES Income tax provision NET LOSS Preferred stock dividend NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS Loss per common share: Basic and diluted loss per share Weighted-average basic and diluted shares outstanding See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 2017 2016 $ 31,810,635 $ 24,493,443 17,679,070 1,106,698 11,738,201 1,081,832 151,423 4,299,943 275,628 36,332,795 (4,522,160) 16,944 (1,324,219) 332,084 (5,497,351) 67,805 (5,565,156) 2,030,295 (7,595,451) (0.69) 11,010,432 $ $ $ 13,416,627 1,224,243 12,458,820 902,186 (715,495) 5,108,035 - 32,394,416 (7,900,973) 36,411 (682,083) (53,276) (8,599,921) 196,802 (8,796,723) 752,525 (9,549,248) (0.95) 10,036,988 $ $ $ EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016 NET LOSS OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME, NET OF TAX Foreign currency translation adjustment (a) COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 2017 2016 (5,565,156) $ (8,796,723) (344,980) (5,910,136) $ 22,889 (8,773,834) $ $ (a) No tax effect has been recorded as the Company recorded a valuation allowance against the tax benefit from its foreign currency translation adjustments. See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016 Balance- January 1, 2016 Net loss Foreign currency translation adjustment Issuance of stock under the Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan Common stock warrants issued Stock-based compensation, net of cash settlements Issuance of preferred stock, net of fees and expenses Purchase of common stock Preferred stock dividends Shares issued under customer loyalty program Balance - December 31, 2016 Net loss Foreign currency translation adjustment Issuance of stock under the Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan Common stock warrants issued Stock-based compensation, net of cash settlements Issuance of common stock, net of fees and expenses Issuance of common stock held as contingent consideration Issuance of preferred stock, net of fees and expenses Preferred stock dividends Balance - December 31, 2017 Preferred Stock Common Stock Shares Amount 231,616 $ - - Shares Amount 232 10,345,351 $ 10,346 $ 24,549,889 $ - - - - - - - - Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit (9,147,507) $ (8,796,723) - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Treasury (Common) Loss Stock (398,979) $ (122,031) $ - - - 22,889 Total Shareholders’ Equity 14,891,950 (8,796,723) 22,889 - - - - 447,001 - 447 - (447) 52,015 - - - - 920,247 - - - - - - - - - 52,015 - 920,247 63,040 - - - 294,656 $ - - - - - - 63 - - - - - - - 295 10,792,352 $ 10,793 $ 26,038,063 $ (17,944,230) $ (5,565,156) - - 1,270,465 - - (752,525) - (1,581) - - - - - - - - - 26,750 - 27 - 266,663 - 267 - (267) 390,479 - - - - 2,036,741 - - 1,000,000 1,000 1,971,065 - - 212,375 212 331,464 - - - - - 765,333 - 1,086,739 $ 765 - - 16,392,267 - - (2,030,295) - 1,087 12,271,390 $ 12,272 $ 45,129,517 $ (23,509,386) $ - - - - - - - (546,145) - 6,176 (376,090) $ (662,000) $ - - - (344,980) 1,270,528 (546,145) (752,525) 4,595 7,066,831 (5,565,156) (344,980) - - - - - - - 27 390,479 - 2,036,741 - 1,972,065 - 331,676 - - - - (721,070) $ (662,000) $ 16,393,032 (2,030,295) 20,250,420 See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016 OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: 2017 2016 $ (5,565,156) $ (8,796,723) 4,299,943 (53,263) 22,380 409,693 26,542 (248,518) 722,070 17,001 1,487,295 151,423 41,745 511,917 (1,541,430) 281,642 (697,211) (205,000) (902,211) 1,972,065 16,535,656 (1,485,727) - (195,912) - (7,719,520) (5,000,000) 9,197,863 (11,197,863) (145,885) (116,698) 1,843,979 (338,058) 885,352 3,476,880 4,362,232 26,746 - 747,147 222,634 390,479 9,304 612,285 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5,108,035 (33,951) (41,263) 291,465 174,261 92,160 200,157 - 1,877,815 (715,495) (456,468) 323,117 1,087,548 (889,342) (463,399) (3,370,083) (3,833,482) - 1,270,528 (709,182) (546,145) (8,500) 1,908,141 (1,389,082) - 6,000,000 (6,000,000) (190,831) (186,123) 148,806 11,336 (4,562,682) 8,039,562 3,476,880 222,214 678,367 202,579 313,577 52,015 52,462 451,526 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ F-7 Depreciation and amortization Deferred rent Deferred revenue Provision for doubtful accounts Provision for deferred income taxes Foreign exchange (gain) loss Interest accretion and write-off of deferred financing costs Non-cash restructuring charges Stock-based compensation expense Change in contingent consideration Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Other assets Accounts payable and other liabilities Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Capital expenditures Cash paid for acquisitions Net cash used in investing activities FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of placement costs Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of placement costs Preferred stock dividends paid Purchase of common shares Settlement of tax withholding obligations on stock issued to employees Proceeds from long term debt, net of costs Repayments of debt obligations Repayment of Prudential obligation Proceeds from line of credit Repayments of line of credit Contingent consideration payments Other financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH CASH - Beginning of the period CASH - End of period SUPPLEMENTAL NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Vehicle financing obtained Contingent consideration resulting from acquisitions Dividends declared, not paid Purchase of prepaid insurance through assumption of note Warrants issued SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION - Cash paid during the period for: Income taxes Interest See notes to consolidated financial statements. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION BILLING, CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016 1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. (and together with its subsidiaries “MTBC” or the “Company”) is a healthcare information technology company that offers an integrated suite of proprietary cloud-based electronic health records and practice management solutions, together with related business services, to healthcare providers. The Company’s integrated services are designed to help customers increase revenues, streamline workflows and make better business and clinical decisions, while reducing administrative burdens and operating costs. The Company’s services include full-scale revenue cycle management, electronic health records, and other technology-driven practice management services for private and hospital-employed healthcare providers. MTBC has its corporate offices in Somerset, New Jersey and maintains account management teams in various US offices and operates facilities in Pakistan and Sri Lanka. MTBC was founded in 1999 and incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2001. In 2004, MTBC formed MTBC Private Limited (or “MTBC Pvt. Ltd.”) a 99.9% majority-owned subsidiary of MTBC based in Pakistan. The remaining 0.01% of the shares of MTBC Pvt. Ltd. is owned by the founder and Executive Chairman of MTBC. In 2016, MTBC formed MTBC Acquisition Corp. (“MAC”), a Delaware corporation, in connection with its acquisition of substantially all the assets of MediGain, LLC and its subsidiary, Millennium Practice Management Associates, LLC (together “MediGain). MAC has a wholly- owned subsidiary in Sri Lanka, RCM MediGain Colombo, Pvt. Ltd. In conjunction with its continued growth of its offshore operations in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, in April 2017, MTBC began the winding down of its operations in India and Poland. These operations have been terminated and the subsidiaries are being liquidated. During the year 2016, the Company purchased substantially all the assets of Gulf Coast Billing, Inc. (“GCB”), Renaissance Medical Billing, LLC (“RMB”) and WFS Services, Inc. (“WFS”). On October 3, 2016, MAC acquired substantially all the assets of MediGain, LLC and its subsidiary (together “MediGain”) and collectively with GCB, RMB and WFS the “2016 Acquisitions.”) All of the 2016 Acquisitions were medical billing companies, although WFS had a mailing service operation as well. During the year 2017, the Company purchased substantially all the assets of Washington Medical Billing, LLC. (“WMB”), a medical billing company. 2. LIQUIDITY FASB Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern, requires that management evaluate whether there are relevant conditions and events that, in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Based upon the analysis set forth below, management believes there is not substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet the obligations as they become due within the next twelve months from the date of financial statement issuance. As part of the evaluation, management considered that on December 31, 2017, the Company had $4.4 million of cash and had no amounts drawn on its line of credit with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $282,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, the Company had a positive working capital of approximately $4.6 million. The loss before income taxes was $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, of which $4.3 million represents non-cash depreciation and amortization expenses. During the year of 2017, the Company raised $18.4 million in net proceeds from a series of equity financings. In May 2017, the Company completed a registered direct offering of one million shares of its common stock at $2.30 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $2.0 million. Between June and December 2017, the Company completed six public offerings of approximately 765,000 shares of its 11% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) at $25.00 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $16.4 million. F-8 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. These equity financings improved the financial and liquidity position of the Company and allowed the Company to repay the amounts owed to Prudential Insurance Company of America and Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (together, “Prudential”) and Opus Bank (“Opus”). In October 2017, the Company entered into a new credit facility with SVB and repaid and terminated its previous facility with Opus. The SVB credit facility is a $5 million secured revolving line of credit where borrowings are based on a formula of 200% of repeatable revenue adjusted by an annualized attrition rate as defined in the credit facility agreement. The full $5 million facility is currently available to the Company. Management continues to focus on the Company’s overall profitability, including growing revenue and managing expenses, and expects that these efforts will continue to enhance our liquidity and financial position. Management has based its expectations on assumptions that may prove to be wrong. 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of MTBC, its wholly-owned subsidiary MAC (since October 3, 2016) and MTBC-Europe (Poland), its majority-owned subsidiary MTBC Pvt. Ltd, and since October 3, 2016, the operating results and financial condition of the acquired subsidiaries in India and Sri Lanka. The non-controlling interest of MTBC Pvt. Ltd is inconsequential to the consolidated financial statements. The subsidiaries in India and Poland are in the process of being liquidated. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Segment Reporting — The Company views its operations as comprising one operating segment. The Chief Operating Decision Maker, which is the Company’s Executive Chairman, monitors and reviews financial information at a consolidated level for assessing operating results and the allocation of resources. Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to: (1) impairment of long-lived assets; (2) depreciable lives of assets; (3) allowance for doubtful accounts; (4) contingent consideration, (5) fair value of identifiable purchased tangible and intangible assets, including determination of expected customer life and (6) stock-based compensation. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition — The Company recognizes revenue when there is evidence of an arrangement, the service has been provided to the customer, the collection of the fees is reasonably assured, and the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable. Net revenue recorded in the consolidated statements operations represents gross billings after deducting credits and refunds. Medical billing The Company invoices its customers on a monthly basis, in arrears. Approximately 89% and 88% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, came from bundled services including revenue cycle management, practice management services and electronic health records. Fees charged to customers for the services provided are typically based on a percentage of net collections on the Company’s clients’ accounts receivable. The Company does not recognize revenue for service fees until the Company has received notification that a claim has been accepted and the amount which the physician will collect is determined, as the fees are not fixed and determinable until such time. As it relates to fees charged to customers at the outset of an arrangement, the Company charges a set fee which includes account set up, creating a website for the customer, establishing credentials, and training the customer’s office staff. This service does not have stand-alone value separate from the ongoing revenue cycle management, electronic health records and practice management services. The fees are deferred and recognized as revenue over the estimated customer relationship period. F-9 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Other services The Company also generated approximately 11% and 12% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, from a variety of ancillary services, including transcription services, patient statement services, printing and mailing services, coding services, platform usage fees for clients using third- party platforms, revenue from clearinghouse services, EDI services, maintenance and SaaS fees and consulting fees. Ancillary services are primarily charged at a fixed fee per unit of work, such as per line transcribed or per patient statement prepared, and the Company recognizes revenue monthly as it performs the services. The Company’s revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of refund for services provided. Direct Operating Costs — Direct operating costs consist primarily of salaries and benefits related to personnel who provide services to clients, claims processing costs, and other direct costs related to the Company’s services. Costs associated with the implementation of new clients are expensed as incurred. The reported amounts of direct operating costs include allocated amounts for rent and overhead costs. Research and Development Expenses — Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs incurred performing market research, analyzing proposed products and developing new products. Software development costs are included in research and development and are expensed as incurred. Internal-Use Software Costs — The Company capitalizes certain development costs incurred in connection with its internal-use software. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct, are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of intangible assets. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Internal use software is amortized on a straight line basis over its estimated useful life, generally three years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company capitalized approximately $170,000 and $167,000, respectively, of salaries and payroll-related costs of employees and consultants who devoted time to the development of a new accounting system and other projects. Selling and Marketing Expenses — Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits, travel and advertising expenses and are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred approximately $395,000 and $385,000 of advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Accounts Receivable — Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value. Accounts receivable are presented on the consolidated balance sheet net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is established based on reviews of receivable balances, an assessment of the customers’ current creditworthiness and the probability of collection. Accounts are written off when it is determined that collection of the outstanding balance is no longer possible. The movement in the allowances for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was as follows: Beginning balance Provision Write-offs Ending balance December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 $ $ 156,000 $ 410,000 (381,000) 185,000 $ 250,000 291,000 (385,000) 156,000 F-10 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line basis over the estimated lives of the assets ranging from three to five years. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation for computers is calculated over three years, while remaining assets (except leasehold improvements) are depreciated over five years. The Company amortizes leasehold improvements over the lesser of the lease term or the economic life of those assets. Generally, the lease term is the base lease term plus certain renewal option periods for which renewal is reasonably assured and for which failure to exercise the renewal option would result in an economic penalty to the Company. Intangible Assets — Intangible assets include customer contracts and relationships and covenants not-to-compete acquired in connection with acquisitions, as well as software purchase and development costs and trademarks acquired. Amortization is recorded primarily using the double declining balance method over three years. Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets — The Company reviews its property and equipment and intangible assets for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of undiscounted expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the Company will recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value of the asset. There was no impairment of internal-use software costs, intangibles or property and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Goodwill — Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 31st, referred to as the annual test date. Conditions that could trigger a more frequent impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change to the Company in certain agreements, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, loss of customer relationships, an economic downturn in customers' industries, or increased competition. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting-unit level. The Company has determined that its business consists of a single reporting unit and a single operating segment. No impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. Treasury Stock — Treasury stock is recorded at cost. During 2016, the Company repurchased 644,565 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $546,000. During the year 2016, 5,104 shares were issued from treasury stock on a first in, first out cost basis in connection with Company’s client loyalty program. No shares were repurchased or issued from treasury stock during 2017. Stock-Based Compensation — The Company recognizes compensation for all share-based payments granted based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and client incentive expenses for common stock given to clients are recognized when awards were claimed. The Company does not estimate forfeitures in recognizing the expense for share-based payments, as historical forfeiture rates have not been significant. For restricted stock units (“RSUs”) classified as equity, the market price of our common stock on the date of grant is used in recording the fair value of the award. For RSUs classified as a liability, the earned amount is marked to market based on the end-of-period common stock price. For client incentive expenses, the market price of our common stock on the date the award was claimed by the client was used to record the fair value of the award. Business Combinations — The Company accounts for business combinations under the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. ASC 805 also specifies criteria that intangible assets acquired in a business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combinations and are expensed as incurred. If the business combination provides for contingent consideration, the Company records the contingent consideration at fair value at the acquisition date with changes in the fair value recorded through earnings. F-11 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred approximately $30,000 and $476,000 of professional fees related to the acquisitions discussed in Note 4, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Income Taxes — The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent that these assets will more likely than not be realized. All available positive and negative evidence is considered in making such a determination, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. A valuation allowance would be recorded to reduce deferred income tax assets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the Company would not be able to realize its deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount. The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions that required recognition. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not recognize any penalties or interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in its consolidated financial statements. Dividends — Dividends are recorded when declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has declared monthly dividends on the preferred stock through February 2018. Preferred stock dividends are charged against paid in capital because the Company does not have the sufficient retained earnings. The Company is prohibited from paying dividends on its common stock without the prior written consent of its lender, SVB. Deferred Rent — Deferred rent consists of rent escalation payment terms related to the Company’s operating leases for its facilities. Deferred rent represents the difference between actual operating lease payments due and straight-line rent expense, which is recorded by the Company over the term of the lease, including any construction period. The excess of the difference between actual operating lease payments due and straight-line rent expense is recorded as a deferred credit in the early periods of the lease when cash payments are generally lower than straight-line rent expense, and is reduced in the later periods of the lease when payments begin to exceed the straight-line expense. Deferred Revenue — Deferred revenue primarily consists of payments received in advance of the revenue recognition criteria being met. Deferred revenue includes certain deferred implementation services fees that are recognized as revenue ratably over the longer of the life of the agreement or the estimated expected customer life, which is currently estimated to be five years. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as non-current. At the time of customer termination, any unrecognized service fees associated with implementation services are recognized as revenue. Fair Value Measurements — ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, requires the disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The Company follows a fair value measurement hierarchy to measure financial instruments. The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments is measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows: F-12 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 — Inputs are directly or indirectly observable, which include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable inputs that are used to measure fair value to the extent observable inputs are not available. The Company’s contingent consideration is a Level 3 liability and is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. The Company has certain financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances and include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, borrowings under term loans and line of credit, and notes payable. Due to the short term nature of these financial instruments or that the borrowings bear interest at prevailing market rates, the carrying value approximates the fair value (see Note 18). Foreign Currency Translation — The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated from their functional currency into U.S. dollars, the Company’s functional currency. All foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the period-end exchange rate, and all revenue and expenses are translated at transaction date exchange rates. The effects of translating the financial statements of the foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars are reported as a cumulative translation adjustment, a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity, except for transactions related to the intercompany receivable for which transaction adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as they are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. Foreign currency transaction gains/losses are reported as a component of other income (expense) – net in the consolidated statements of operations and amounted to a gain of approximately $249,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and a foreign exchange loss of approximately $92,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Stock Offering Costs — Common and preferred stock offering costs consist principally of professional fees, primarily legal and accounting, and other costs such as printing and registration costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the common stock and the Preferred Stock in 2017 and 2016. In connection with the 2017 and 2016 equity offerings, the Company incurred approximately $1.1 million and $305,000, respectively, of such costs, excluding underwriting commissions and placement agent fees. Exit Costs, Including Restructuring Costs — The Company accrues exit and restructuring costs when the Board of Directors approves a plan that requires such costs to be paid. Exit costs, including restructuring costs, represent costs related to the closing of the India and Poland subsidiaries such as costs related to workforce reductions, costs to terminate contracts and write-offs of equipment. On March 30, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a plan to liquidate those subsidiaries. Debt Acquisition Costs — Costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of bank financing are deferred and amortized over the estimated term of the related financing. Such amortization is included in interest expense. During the year ended December 31, 2017, $463,000 of deferred financing costs were written off as a result of the termination of the Opus credit agreement. Recent Accounting Pronouncements — From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently adopted and recently issued accounting pronouncements will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. F-13 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of this amendment is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09, as amended by ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein. These ASUs can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company will adopt Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method when it becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018. The Company will use the cumulative effect transition method. Such method provides that the cumulative effect from prior periods upon applying the new guidance is recognized in our consolidated balance sheet as of the date of adoption, including an adjustment to retained earnings. Prior periods will not be retrospectively adjusted. Implementation efforts have included a review of revenue agreements and the performance obligations contained therein, and review of our commercial terms and practices across our revenue streams and a comparison of our current revenue recognition procedures to those required under Topic 606. As part of this process, the Company closely monitored FASB activity, as well as working with non-authoritative groups to conclude on specific interpretative issues. As part of the adoption process, findings and progress of the project were regularly reported to senior management and the Audit Committee. The Company has reached conclusions on key accounting assessments and is substantially complete with the implementation of new processes for the accounting under the new accounting standard. These new processes include new procedures and an assessment of additional internal controls over financial reporting. The most significant impacts of the new standard upon adoption relate to the timing of revenue recognition of medical billing revenue and the accounting for commission costs. Under current accounting standards, the criterion impacting the timing of our revenue recognition is the requirement of fees to be either fixed or determinable, therefore, currently we do not recognize revenue for medical billing claims until these collections are posted, as the fees are not fixed or determinable until such time. The new guidance does not limit the recognition of revenue to only fees that are fixed or determinable. Instead, the standard focuses on recognizing revenue as value is transferred to customers. The impact on our medical billing services is a revenue recognition and reporting model that reflects revenue recognized over time rather than delaying the recognition of revenue until the point in time in which the fees to be charged become determinable. Under the new standard, the Company will begin to recognize revenue when the services begin on the medical billing claims, which is generally upon receipt of the claim from the provider. For medical billing services, the Company will estimate the value of the consideration it will earn over the remaining contractual period as our services are provided and recognize the fees over the term; this estimation will typically involve predicting the amounts our clients will ultimately collect associated with the services they provided. Certain significant estimates, such as payment–to-charge ratios, effective billing rates and the estimated contractual payment periods will be required to measure medical billing revenue under the new standard. The timing of the revenue recognition of our other revenue streams were not materially impacted by the adoption of Topic 606. Based on the Company’s analysis, it expects to record an adjustment as of January 1, 2018 of approximately $1.2 million as a contract asset to reflect the revenue associated with medical billing claims serviced through December 31, 2017 that are still outstanding. The Company determined that the only significant incremental cost incurred to obtain contracts within the scope of ASC 2014-09, as amended, are sales commissions paid to sales people and outside referral sources. Under the new standard, certain costs to obtain a contract, which we currently expense, will be deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or longer period, generally the expected client life. The impact to the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 will be immaterial. Our analysis and evaluation of the new standard will continue through the effective date in the first quarter of 2018. Some additional work remains due to complexity of revenue recognition within our industry and the increased number of judgements and estimates required by this new guidance. The Company will continue to quantify all impacts of this new guidance, including the topics discussed above. The Company will also implement any necessary changes/modifications to processes, accounting systems and internal controls. F-14 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard will require organizations that lease assets — referred to as “lessees” — to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP — which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet — the new ASU will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The amendments in this ASU are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with earlier adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new standard. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business . The ASU clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist companies and other reporting organizations with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or business. The amendments in this ASU provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reduce the costs of application, and make the definition of a business more operable. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The Company will apply the guidance in this ASU when evaluating whether acquired assets, disposals and activities constitute a business. Also in January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment . The ASU modifies the accounting for goodwill impairment with the objective of simplifying the process of determining impairment levels. Specifically, the amendments in the ASU eliminate a step in the goodwill impairment test which requires companies to develop a hypothetical purchase price allocation when analyzing goodwill impairment. This eliminates the need for companies to estimate the fair value of individual existing assets and liabilities within a reporting unit. Instead, goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s total carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other aspects of the goodwill impairment test process have remained the same. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning in the year 2020, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests after January 1, 2017. The Company has elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04. There is currently no impact on the consolidated financial statements as a result of this adoption. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting (Topic 718), which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. An entity will account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value of the modified award is the same as the original award, the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the original award and the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or liability instrument is the same as the original award. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The update is to be adopted prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company does not believe it will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 4. ACQUISITIONS 2017 Acquisition Effective July 1, 2017, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Washington Medical Billing, LLC (“WMB”), a Washington limited liability company. In accordance with the asset purchase agreement, the Company agreed to a non-refundable initial payment (the “Initial Payment Amount”) of $205,000. In addition to the Initial Payment Amount, the Company agreed to pay the sellers 22%, 23% and 24% of revenue collected from the WMB accounts in the first, second and third year, respectively, subsequent to the acquisition date to the extent such amounts in the aggregate exceed the Initial Payment Amount (the “WMB Installment Payments”). Based on the Company’s revenue forecast, it does not appear that there will be any WMB Installment Payments and therefore the aggregate purchase price of WMB was determined to be $205,000. F-15 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The purchase price allocation for WMB was performed by the Company and is summarized as follows: Customer relationships Goodwill $ $ 120,000 85,000 205,000 The goodwill from this acquisition is deductible ratably for income tax purposes over 15 years and represents the Company’s ability to have a local presence in the Washington market and the further ability to expand in that market. The weighted-average amortization period of the acquired intangible assets is three years. Revenue earned from the WMB acquisition was approximately $264,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017. 2016 Acquisitions On February 15, 2016 (the “GCB Closing Date”), the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Gulf Coast Billing, Inc. (“GCB”), pursuant to which the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of GCB. The aggregate final purchase price for GCB was $1,480,000 which consisted of cash of $1,250,000 and contingent consideration of $230,000. During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, an agreement was reached with GCB that no additional contingent consideration will be paid. On May 2, 2016 (the “RMB Closing Date”), the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Renaissance Medical Billing, LLC (“RMB”), pursuant to which the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of RMB. In accordance with the RMB asset purchase agreement, the Company paid $175,000 in initial cash consideration (“RMB Initial Payment”), on the RMB Closing Date. In addition, the Company will pay RMB twenty-seven percent (27%) of the revenue earned and received from the acquired RMB accounts for three years, less the RMB Initial Payment which will be deducted in full from the required payments (the “RMB Installment Payments”) before any additional payment is made to the seller. The aggregate purchase price for RMB was $325,000 which consisted of cash of $175,000 and contingent consideration of $150,000. Since the acquisition and through December 31, 2017, approximately $58,000 of contingent consideration payments have been made. Effective July 1, 2016 (the “WFS Closing Date”), the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with WFS Services, Inc. (“WFS”), pursuant to which the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of WFS. In accordance with the WFS asset purchase agreement, the Company did not pay any initial cash consideration on the WFS Closing Date but will make monthly payments of $5,000 for three years beginning July, 2016 subject to proportionate adjustment if annualized revenues decrease below a threshold specified in the APA. In addition, each quarter the Company will pay WFS fifty percent (50%) of Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the WFS asset purchase agreement, generated from the WFS customer accounts acquired for three years. The aggregate purchase price of WFS was determined to be $298,000, which was recorded as contingent consideration. Since the acquisition and through December 31, 2017, $90,000 of contingent consideration payments have been made. On October 3, 2016, MAC acquired substantially all of the assets of MediGain. Since MediGain was in default of its obligations to Prudential prior to the acquisition, MAC purchased 100% of MediGain’s senior secured debt from Prudential. The debt was collateralized by substantially all of MediGain’s assets, so immediately after purchasing the debt, MAC entered into a strict foreclosure agreement with MediGain transferring substantially all the assets (including accounts receivable, fixed assets, client relationships, and MediGain’s wholly-owned subsidiaries in India and Sri Lanka) to MAC in satisfaction of the outstanding obligations under the senior secured notes. The aggregate purchase price was $7 million which consisted of $2 million in cash paid at closing and $5 million, plus interest, which was paid during the third quarter of 2017. The Company engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist the Company in valuing the assets acquired from MediGain, GCB and RMB. The purchase price allocation for WFS was performed by the Company. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocations. F-16 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Allocation of Purchase Price: Customer relationships Working capital Goodwill Non-compete agreement Tangible assets Software and trademarks GCB RMB WFS MediGain $ $ 1,100,000 - 344,000 20,000 16,000 - 1,480,000 $ $ 190,000 - 135,000 - - - 325,000 $ $ 265,000 - 23,000 10,000 - - 298,000 $ $ 2,650,000 813,000 2,707,000 - 229,000 601,000 7,000,000 MediGain, GCB, RMB and WFS are collectively referred to as the “2016 Acquisitions.” Revenue earned from the 2016 Acquisitions was approximately $17.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. Pro forma financial information (Unaudited) The unaudited pro forma information below represents condensed consolidated results of operations as if the 2016 Acquisitions and the WMB acquisition occurred on January 1, 2016. The pro forma information has been included for comparative purposes and is not indicative of results of operations of the Company would have had if the acquisitions occurred on the above date, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results. Total revenue Net loss attributable to common shareholders Net loss per common share 5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS – NET Years Ended December 31, 2017 32,328,450 $ (7,294,453) $ (0.66) $ 2016 42,028,156 (17,328,481) (1.73) $ $ $ Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. The following is the summary of the changes to the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Beginning gross balance Acquisitions Ending gross balance December 31, 2017 12,178,868 $ 85,075 12,263,943 $ $ $ December 31, 2016 8,971,994 3,206,874 12,178,868 Below is a summary of intangible asset activity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: F-17 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. COST Balance, January 1, 2017 Purchase of other intangible assets Allocation from 2017 acquisition Balance, December 31, 2017 Useful lives ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION Balance, January 1, 2017 Amortization expense Balance, December 31, 2017 Net book value COST Balance, January 1, 2016 Purchase of other intangible assets Allocation from 2016 Acquisitions Balance, December 31, 2016 Useful lives ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION Balance, January 1, 2016 Amortization expense Balance, December 31, 2016 Net book value Customer Relationships Non-Compete Agreements Other Intangible Assets Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 16,371,375 - 119,925 16,491,300 3 Years 11,497,555 3,187,635 14,685,190 1,806,110 12,166,546 - 4,204,829 16,371,375 3 Years 7,351,532 4,146,023 11,497,555 4,873,820 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,236,377 - - 1,236,377 3 Years 1,106,706 120,895 1,227,601 8,776 1,206,272 - 30,105 1,236,377 3 Years 835,771 270,935 1,106,706 129,671 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,289,339 209,078 - 1,498,417 3 Years 459,124 344,635 803,759 694,658 488,082 200,404 600,853 1,289,339 3 Years 294,193 164,931 459,124 830,215 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 18,897,091 209,078 119,925 19,226,094 13,063,385 3,653,165 16,716,550 2,509,544 13,860,900 200,404 4,835,787 18,897,091 8,481,496 4,581,889 13,063,385 5,833,706 Other intangible assets primarily represents software costs. Amortization expense was approximately $3.7 million a n d $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period is three years. As of December 31, 2017, future amortization expense scheduled to be expensed is as follows: Years ending December 31 2018 2019 2020 Total $ $ 1,588,281 835,825 85,438 2,509,544 F-18 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following: Computers Office furniture and equipment Transportation equipment Leasehold improvements Assets not placed in service Total property and equipment Less accumulated depreciation Property and equipment – net December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 $ $ 1,776,463 $ 1,078,729 719,947 880,273 4,415 4,459,827 (3,074,084) 1,385,743 $ 1,637,949 1,005,790 711,386 777,073 52,451 4,184,649 (2,595,712) 1,588,937 Depreciation expense was approximately $634,000 and $527,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 7. CONCENTRATIONS Financial Risks — As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company held cash of approximately $56,000 and $67,000 respectively, in the name of its subsidiaries, at banks in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and Poland. The banking systems in these countries do not provide deposit insurance coverage. Additionally, from time to time, the Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions in the United States in excess of federal insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are managed by periodic credit evaluations of customers. The Company does not require collateral for outstanding trade accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2017, two customers individually accounted for approximately 8% and 6% of accounts receivable respectively. As of December 31, 2016, one customer accounted for approximately 5% of accounts receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2017, there was one customer with sales of approximately 9% of the total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2016, there were no customers with sales of 3% or more of the total. Geographical Risks — The Company’s offices in Islamabad and Bagh, Pakistan, and Colombo, Sri Lanka conduct significant back-office operations for the Company. The Company has no revenue earned outside of the United States. The office in Bagh is located in a different territory of Pakistan from the Islamabad office. The Bagh office was opened in 2009 for the purpose of providing operational support and operating as a backup to the Islamabad office. The Company’s operations outside the United States are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in the United States. The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic, and legal environment in the countries in which it operated and by the general state of these countries’ economies. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, changes in local countries’ telecommunications industries, regulatory rules and policies, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance, and rates and methods of taxation. Carrying amounts of net assets located outside the United States were approximately $157,000 and $288,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These balances exclude intercompany receivables of approximately $6.5 million and $5.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following is a summary of the net assets located outside the United States as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: F-19 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities 8. NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE December 31, 2017 2016 128,932 $ 1,281,433 1,410,365 (920,770) (333,060) 156,535 $ 249,280 1,311,708 1,560,988 (812,953) (460,474) 287,561 $ $ The following table reconciles the weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Basic and Diluted: Net loss attributable to common shareholders Weighted average shares applicable to common shareholders used in computing basic and diluted loss per share Net loss attributable to common shareholders per share - Basic and Diluted $ (7,595,451) $ (9,549,248) 11,010,432 $ (0.69) $ 10,036,988 (0.95) Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 All unvested RSUs, the 200,000 warrants granted to Opus, the 125,000 warrants granted to SVB as part of the Company’s new financing and the two million warrants issued during the second quarter of 2017 as part of the sale of common stock have been excluded from the above calculations as they were anti-dilutive. Vested RSUs and vested restricted shares have been included in the above calculations. 9. DEBT SVB — During October 2017, the Opus credit facility was replaced with a $5 million revolving line of credit from SVB under a three year agreement. Interest on the SVB revolving line of credit is charged at the prime rate plus 1.75%. There is also a fee of one-half of 1% for the unused portion of the credit line. Available borrowings are subject to 200% of repeatable revenue as defined, reduced by an annualized attrition rate. The debt is secured by all of the Company’s domestic assets and 65% of the shares in its offshore facilities. Future acquisitions are subject to approval by SVB. In connection with the SVB debt agreement, the Company paid SVB approximately $50,000 of fees upfront and issued warrants for SVB to purchase 125,000 shares of its common stock, and committed to pay an annual anniversary fee of $50,000 a year. Based on the terms in the SVB credit agreement, the warrants have a strike price equal to $3.92. They have a five-year exercise window, piggyback registration and net exercise rights, and were valued at $3.12 per warrant. The SVB credit agreement contains various covenants and conditions governing the revolving line of credit. These covenants include minimum levels of EBITDA, cash and accounts receivable and a minimum liquidity ratio. At December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all covenants. Opus — On September 2, 2015, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Opus. Opus extended a credit facility totaling $10 million to the Company, inclusive of $8 million of term loans and a $2 million revolving line of credit. The Company’s obligations to Opus were secured by substantially all of the Company’s domestic assets and 65% of the shares in its offshore subsidiaries. During October 2017, the Opus credit facility was fully paid and replaced with the SVB facility. F-20 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $463,000 of deferred financing costs which were written off as a result of the termination of the Opus credit agreement. Prudential Deferred Purchase Price — During the year, the entire amount due to Prudential of $5 million was paid, including $270,000 of accrued interest, which fully satisfied the amount owed. Vehicle Financing Notes — The Company financed certain vehicle purchases both in the United States and in Pakistan. The vehicle financing notes have three to six year terms and were issued at current market rates. Insurance Financing — The Company finances certain insurance purchases over the term of the policy life. The interest rate charged is 5.25%. Maturities of the outstanding notes payable and other obligations as of December 31, 2017 are as follows: Years ending December 31 Vehicle Financing Notes 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total $ $ 68,689 $ 50,113 39,966 18,385 9,752 2,683 189,588 $ Insurance Financing 100,029 $ Total - - - - - 100,029 $ 168,718 50,113 39,966 18,385 9,752 2,683 289,617 10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Treasury stock On January 25, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a $1,000,000 stock repurchase program. This plan expired January 25, 2017. During 2016, the Company repurchased 644,565 shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of approximately $546,000. Prior to 2016, 101,338 shares of common stock were purchased for an aggregate cost of $122,000. The Company has financed stock repurchases with existing cash balances. All of the repurchased shares have been recorded as treasury stock. The Company introduced a client loyalty program in September 2016, whereby clients were eligible to receive shares of the Company’s common stock. Through December 31, 2016, 5,104 shares of common stock have been issued to clients. The shares were issued from the Company’s treasury stock. The program concluded during 2017. Common stock In May 2017, the Company completed a registered direct offering of one million shares of its common stock at $2.30 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $2.0 million. Preferred Stock Between June and December 2017, the Company completed six additional public offerings of approximately 765,000 shares of its Preferred Stock at $25.00 per share, raising net proceeds of approximately $16.4 million after underwriting commissions and expenses. In July 2016, the Company completed a public preferred stock offering whereby 63,040 shares of Preferred Stock were sold at $25.00 per share. Dividends on the Preferred Stock of $2.75 annually per share are cumulative from the date of issue and are payable each month when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2017, the Board of Directors has declared monthly dividends on the Preferred Stock payable through February, 2018. F-21 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Commencing on or after November 4, 2020, the Company may redeem, at its option, the Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends to, but not including the redemption date. The Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or other mandatory redemption, and is not convertible into or exchangeable for any of the Company’s other securities. Holders of the Preferred Stock have no voting rights except for limited voting rights if dividends payable on the Preferred Stock are in arrears for eighteen or more consecutive or non- consecutive monthly dividend periods. If the Company were to liquidate, dissolve or wind up, the holders of the Preferred Stock will have the right to receive $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the date of payment, before any payment is made to the holders of the common stock. The Preferred Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “MTBCP.” Warrants The Company has issued 2,325,000 warrants for its common stock which remain outstanding at December 31, 2017. Of this amount, 2,000,000 warrants at a $5 exercise price expire in May 2018, 100,000 warrants at a $5 exercise price expire in September, 2022, 125,000 warrants at a $3.92 exercise price expire in October 2022, and 100,000 warrants at a $5 exercise price expire in July, 2023. 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Legal Proceedings — The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been fully adjudicated. These actions, when ultimately concluded and determined, will not, in the opinion of management, have a material adverse effect upon the consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company. Leases — The Company leases certain office space and other facilities under operating leases expiring through 2021. Certain of these leases contain renewal options. There is an offshore lease with monthly rent payments of approximately $22,000 that has a three month cancellation provision. The Company also has month to month leases for its US corporate facility and other locations amounting to $12,000 per month which it expects to remain month to month. (See Note 12). Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases for office space as of December 31, 2017 are as follows: Years Ending December 31 2018 2019 Total $ $ Total 335,382 179,731 515,113 Total rental expense, included in direct operating costs and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations amounted to approximately $935,000 and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Acquisitions — In connection with some of the Company’s acquisitions, contingent consideration as of December 31, 2017 is payable in the form of cash with payment terms through 2019. Depending on the terms of the agreement, if the performance measures are not achieved, the Company may pay less than the recorded amount, and if the performance measures are exceeded, the Company may pay more than the recorded amount. F-22 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 12. RELATED PARTIES The Company had sales to a related party, a physician who is the wife of the Executive Chairman. Revenues from this customer were approximately $17,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and approximately $18,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the receivable balance due from this customer was approximately $1,900 and $1,600, respectively. The Company is a party to a nonexclusive aircraft dry lease agreement with Kashmir Air, Inc. (“KAI”), which is owned by the Executive Chairman. The Company recorded expense of approximately $128,000 for both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had liabilities outstanding to KAI of approximately $11,000 and $17,000 respectively, which are included in accrued liability to related party in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company leases its corporate offices in New Jersey, its temporary housing for its foreign visitors, a storage facility and its backup operations center in Bagh, Pakistan, from the Executive Chairman. The related party rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $189,000 and $178,000, respectively, and is included in direct operating costs and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Current assets-related party in the consolidated balance sheets includes security deposits related to the leases of the Company’s corporate offices in the amount of $13,000 as of both December 31, 2017 and 2016. The December 31, 2017 balance also includes prepaid rent paid to the Executive Chairman of approximately $12,000. 13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The Company has a qualified 401(k) plan covering all U.S. employees who have completed three months of service. The plan provides for matching contributions by the Company equal to 100% of the first 3% of the qualified compensation, plus 50% of the next 2%. Employer contributions to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $137,000 and $102,000, respectively. Additionally, the Company has a defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees located in Pakistan who have completed three months of service. The plan provides for monthly contributions by the Company which are the lower of 10% of qualified employees’ basic monthly compensation or 750 Pakistani rupees. The Company’s contributions for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $123,000 and $120,000, respectively. The Company maintains a defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees in Sri Lanka. The employee and employer contribute 8% and 12%, respectively, of the employee’s gross salary. The Company’s contribution for the year ended December 31, 2017 and for the period October 3, to December 31, 2016 were approximately $67,000 and $14,000, respectively . The contributions are required to be deposited with the Employees’ Provident Fund Organization, a government owned entity. 14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In April 2014, the Company adopted the Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), reserving a total of 1,351,000 shares of common stock for grants to employees, officers, directors and consultants. During April 2017, the 2014 Plan was amended whereby an additional 1,500,000 shares of common stock and 100,000 shares of Preferred Stock were added to the plan for future issuance. The name of the 2014 Plan was changed to the Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”). As of December 31, 2017, 1,211,234 shares of common stock and 27,200 shares of Preferred Stock are available for grant. Permissible awards include incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, performance stock and cash-settled awards and other stock-based awards in the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors including unrestricted stock grants. The equity based RSUs contain a provision in which the units shall immediately vest and become converted into common shares at the rate of one common share per RSU, immediately after a change in control, as defined in the award agreement. Common stock During November 2016, a total of 120,000 restricted shares were granted to the four outside members of the Board of Directors which vested on January 3, 2017. F-23 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. During the third quarter of 2017, a total of 200,000 RSUs of common stock were granted equally to the four outside members of the Board of Directors and a total of 300,000 RSUs of common stock were granted equally to three executive officers. The RSUs vest over the next two years, at six month intervals. The following table summarizes the RSU and restricted stock transactions related to the common stock under the Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Outstanding and unvested at January 1, 2016 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding and unvested at January 1, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2017 386,733 568,200 (513,271) (34,703) 406,959 555,500 (327,159) (29,331) 605,969 As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was approximately $793,000 and $245,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to these RSUs. Of the total outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2017, 575,834 RSUs are classified as equity and 30,135 RSUs are classified as a liability. The following table summarizes the share activity during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the amount of shares available for grant at December 31, 2017: Shares available for grant at January 1, 2016 RSUs issued Restricted stock issued RSUs forfeited Shares available for grant at December 31, 2016 Additional shares available for grant RSUs issued RSUs forfeited Shares available for grant at December 31, 2017 Shares 770,900 (123,200) (445,000) 34,703 237,403 1,500,000 (555,500) 29,331 1,211,234 The liability for the cash-settled awards was approximately $41,000 and $31,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in accrued compensation in the consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, approximately $54,000 and $58,000, respectively, was paid in connection with the cash-settled awards. Preferred stock In November 2016, the Compensation Committee granted cash bonuses to three executives for the successful MediGain acquisition to be paid upon the closing of additional funding, which did not occur. The expense for this bonus was recorded in 2016. In January 2017, the Board of Directors recommended that these bonuses be paid in shares of Preferred Stock, subject to shareholder approval. In April 2017, shareholder approval was obtained and 33,000 shares of Preferred Stock were issued. F-24 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the issuance of a total of 33,000 restricted shares of Preferred Stock, contingent on meeting 2017 financial objectives, to three executive officers. Subsequent to year-end, the Compensation Committee determined that the financial objectives were attained and all of the shares were issued. Stock-based compensation expense recorded during 2017 for these awards was $845,000 based on the liquidation value of $25 per share which approximated the fair value on the date of the grant. Stock-based compensation expense The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the entire award. For stock awards classified as equity, the market price of our common stock or Preferred Stock on the date of grant is used in recording the fair value of the award. For stock awards classified as a liability, the earned amount is marked to market based on the end of period common stock price. The weighted average grant date fair value of the common stock price in connection with the RSUs classified as equity was $1.73 and $1.00 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following table summarizes the components of share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Stock-based compensation included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations: Direct operating costs General and administrative Research and development Selling and marketing Total stock-based compensation expense 15. INCOME TAXES Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 9,849 $ 1,419,068 8,378 50,000 1,487,295 $ 11,298 1,838,811 8,238 19,468 1,877,815 $ $ For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company estimated its income tax provision based upon the annual pre-tax loss. Although the Company is forecasting a return to profitability, it incurred cumulative losses which make realization of a deferred tax asset difficult to support in accordance with ASC 740. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded against all Federal and state deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, with the exception of a net deferred tax liability relating to the amortization of intangibles for tax purposes. The Company’s plan to repatriate earnings in Pakistan to the United States requires that U.S. Federal taxes be provided on the Company’s earnings in Pakistan. During 2017, all untaxed amounts became taxable due to a change in U.S. tax law. For state tax purposes, the Company’s Pakistan earnings generally are not taxed due to a subtraction modification available in most states. The activity in the deferred tax valuation allowance was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: Beginning balance (Benefit)/Provision Adjustments/true-ups Ending balance Year ended December 31, 2017 2016 $ $ 7,221,443 $ (648,281) 47,302 6,620,465 $ 2,759,641 3,429,175 1,032,627 7,221,443 The adjustments/true ups of $47,302 for 2017 primarily represent the use of Federal net operating losses to offset the Transition Tax as defined below. The adjustments/true ups of $1,032,627 for 2016 shown above primarily represents recording certain intangible assets for tax purposes in 2017 that were applicable to 2016. Accordingly, an additional valuation allowance needed to be provided. Since a full valuation allowance is recorded on the Company’s deferred tax assets, there was no effect on the Company’s 2016 consolidated balance sheet. F-25 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. Income (loss) before tax for financial reporting purposes during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following: United States Foreign Total Year ended December 31, 2017 2016 $ $ (6,949,433) $ 1,452,082 (5,497,351) $ (9,577,372) 977,451 (8,599,921) The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following: Year ended December 31, 2017 2016 Current: Federal State Foreign Deferred: Federal State $ - $ 31,028 10,235 41,263 7,183 19,359 26,542 67,805 $ (1,661) 17,805 6,397 22,541 135,769 38,492 174,261 196,802 Total income tax provision $ The components of the Company’s deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: Deferred tax assets: Allowance for doubtful accounts Accrued bonus Deferred revenue Deferred rent Property and intangible assets State net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards Cumulative translation adjustment Stock based compensation Other Valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Earnings and profits of the Pakistani subsidiary Goodwill amortization Net deferred tax liability December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 $ 45,944 $ - 7,121 1,857 2,227,455 569,847 3,245,846 179,510 325,243 17,642 (6,620,465) - - (372,072) (372,072) $ $ 59,639 339,770 10,206 1,830 2,606,804 461,055 3,611,199 143,985 362,222 118,003 (7,221,443) 493,270 (493,270) (345,530) (345,530) Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases, as well as from net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in future years. F-26 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. The Company has recorded goodwill as a result of its acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes. However, goodwill is tax deductible and therefore amortized over 15 years for tax purposes. As such, deferred income tax expense and a deferred tax liability arise as a result of the tax-deductibility of this indefinitely lived asset. The resulting deferred tax liability, which is expected to continue to increase over the amortization period, will have an indefinite life. This deferred tax liability could remain on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet indefinitely unless there is an impairment of goodwill (for financial reporting purposes) or a portion of the business is sold. Due to the fact that the aforementioned deferred tax liability could have an indefinite life, it is not netted against the Company’s deferred tax assets when determining the required valuation allowance in accordance with ASC 740 guidelines. Doing so would result in the understatement of the valuation allowance and related deferred income tax expense. A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate (34%) to the Company’s effective income tax rate (determined in dollars) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: Year ended December 31, 2016 2017 Federal tax (benefit) at statutory rate $ (1,869,100) $ (2,923,973) Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from: State tax expense, net of federal benefit Non-deductible items Impact of foreign operations Deferred tax impact from rate change Deferred true-up Valuation allowance Additional tax goodwill/contingent consideration Total provision $ 27,733 18,168 (733,043) 3,105,106 (42,453) (600,978) 162,372 67,805 $ (458,954) 10,942 6,400 - (1,073,676) 4,461,802 174,261 196,802 At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions that required recognition. The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, various states, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. As of December 31, 2017, tax years 2014 through 2016 remain open to examination in the United States by major taxing jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax. The Company’s 2015 Federal income tax return was examined during 2017 by the Internal Revenue Service. Upon the conclusion of the audit, there was an immaterial change to the reported amounts which slightly reduced the Company’s NOL carryforward. The Pakistan Federal Board of Revenue issued a tax holiday, which precludes the Pakistan subsidiary from being subject to income taxes through June 2019. It is the Company’s policy that any assessed penalties and interest on uncertain tax positions would be charged to income tax expense. For state tax purposes, the Company’s foreign earnings generally are not taxed due to a subtraction modification. The Pakistan tax holiday does not have a significant impact on the Company’s effective tax rate as all of its earnings in Pakistan are fully provided for at the U.S. Federal tax rate of 34%. The Pakistan statutory corporate tax rate is 31% before consideration of the aforementioned tax holiday. The Company has a Federal NOL carry forward of approximately $15.5 million which will expire between 2034 and 2037. The Company has state NOL carry forwards of approximately $14.7 million which will expire at various dates from 2034 to 2037. F-27 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (2) requiring companies to incur a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on future dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations commonly referred to as the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”); (5) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (7) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. As a result of the Tax Act, and pursuant to ASC 740 guidelines, impacts of legislative changes to deferred taxes are recorded in the period of enactment (fourth quarter of 2017). Consequently, we revalued all our ending deferred tax balances to the new statutory 21% federal U.S. tax rate which is effective January 1, 2018. The impact of the revaluation to our total gross deferred tax asset balance, before valuation allowance, was a reduction of approximately $3.3 million. The SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. Since the Act was passed late in the fourth quarter of 2017, and ongoing guidance and accounting interpretation are expected over the next 12 months, we consider the accounting for the transition tax and other items to be incomplete due to additional work necessary to (1) do a more detailed analysis of historical foreign earnings as well as to validate the amount of earnings represented by the aggregate foreign cash position as defined in the Tax Act; (2) assess any forthcoming guidance; and (3) finalize our ongoing analysis of final year-end data and tax positions. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to tax expense in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete. We expect to complete our analysis within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118. The Tax Act reduces the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. For our deferred tax liability related to the amortization of goodwill for tax purposes, we have recorded a decrease of $196,000, with a corresponding net adjustment to deferred tax benefit of that amount for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company has a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets in the U.S. which results in there being no U.S. deferred tax assets or liabilities recorded on the consolidated balances sheet. While there should not be any additional impact from the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate, deferred tax assets or liabilities may be affected by other analyses related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, our calculation of deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. Our accounting for the following elements of the Tax Act is incomplete. However, we were able to make reasonable estimates of certain effects and, therefore, recorded provisional adjustments as follows: - - The Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax (Transition Tax) is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (E&P) of certain of our foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, we must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. We are able to make a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and computed a Transition Tax of approximately $331,000. This amount is completely offset by an NOL deduction and therefore the Company did not record a liability for the Transition Tax. Valuation allowances: The Company must assess whether its valuation allowance analyses are affected by various aspects of the Tax Act (e.g., deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income, GILTI inclusions, new categories of FTCs). Since, as discussed herein, the Company has recorded provisional amounts related to certain portions of the Tax Act, any corresponding determination of the need for or change in a valuation allowance is also provisional. F-28 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 16. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) – NET Other income (expense) net for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following: Foreign exchange gain (loss) Other Other income (expense) - net Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 $ $ 248,517 $ 83,567 332,084 $ (92,160) 38,884 (53,276) Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) primarily result from transactions in foreign currencies other than the functional currency. These transaction gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations related to the recurring measurement and settlement of such transactions. 17. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES During March 2017, the Company decided to close its operations in Poland and India. In connection with the closing of these subsidiaries, in the first quarter of 2017, the Company expensed approximately $276,000 of restructuring charges representing primarily employee severance costs, remaining lease and termination fees, disposal of property and equipment and professional fees. The remaining amounts to be paid of approximately $10,000 are included in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. The Company does not believe that any additional restructuring charges will need to be recorded. 18. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amounts of receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and the amount due to Prudential (as of December 31, 2016) approximated their estimated fair values because of the short term nature of these financial instruments. Fair value measurements-Level 2 Our notes payable are carried at cost and approximate fair value since the interest rates being charged approximate market rates. The carrying value of our term loans and outstanding borrowings under the line of credit with Opus on December 31, 2016 were approximately $7.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The fair value of these borrowings approximated the carrying value at December 31, 2016, as these borrowings bore interest based on prevailing variable market rates currently available at those dates. As a result, the Company categorizes these borrowings as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Contingent Consideration The Company’s contingent consideration of approximately $603,000 and $930,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are Level 3 liabilities. The fair value of the contingent consideration at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was primarily driven by changes in revenue estimates related to the acquisitions during 2015 and 2016, the price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market (only for the December 31, 2016 contingent consideration amount), the passage of time and the associated discount rate. Due to the number of factors used to determine contingent consideration, it is not possible to determine a range of outcomes. Subsequent adjustments to the fair value of the contingent consideration liability will continue to be recorded in the Company’s results of operations until all contingencies are settled. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the contingent consideration measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Balance - January 1, Acquisitions Change in fair value Settlement in the form of shares issued Payments Balance - December 31, Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using Significant Unobservable Inputs, Level 3 Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 929,549 $ - 151,423 (331,676) (145,885) 603,411 $ 1,172,508 678,367 (715,495) - (205,831) 929,549 $ $ F-29 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EX-23.1 2 ex23-1.htm CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We have issued our report dated March 7, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said report in the Registration Statements of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. on Form S-3 (File No. 333-210391) and on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-203228 and 333-217317). Exhibit 23.1 /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Iselin, New Jersey March 7, 2018 EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EX-31.1 3 ex31-1.htm Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Stephen Snyder, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I: a. Are responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls; b. Have designed such internal controls to ensure that material information relating to the issuer and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to such officers by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the periodic reports are being prepared; c. Have evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s internal controls as of a date within 90 days prior to the report; and d. Have presented in the report their conclusions about the effectiveness of their internal controls based on their evaluation as of that date; 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 6. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have indicated in the report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. Dated: March 7, 2018 Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. By: /s/ Stephen Snyder Stephen Snyder Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EX-31.2 4 ex31-2.htm I, Bill Korn, certify that: CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.2 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I: a. Are responsible for established and maintained internal controls; b. Have designed such internal controls to ensure that material information relating to the issuer and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to such officers by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the periodic reports are being prepared; c. Have evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer's internal controls as of a date within 90 days prior to the report; and d. Have presented in the report their conclusions about the effectiveness of their internal controls based on their evaluation as of that date; 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 6. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have indicated in the report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. Dated: March 7, 2018 Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. By: /s/ Bill Korn Bill Korn Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer ) EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EX-32.1 5 ex32-1.htm Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Based on my knowledge, I, Stephen Snyder, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2017 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Form 10-K fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. Dated: March 7, 2018 Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. By: /s/ Stephen Snyder Stephen Snyder Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EX-3.2 6 ex32-2.htm Exhibit 32.2 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Based on my knowledge, I, Bill Korn, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. on Form 10-Q for the annual period ended December 31, 2017 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such Form 10-K fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. Dated: March 7, 2018 Medical Transcription Billing, Corp. By: /s/ Bill Korn Bill Korn Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved. 

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