2018Annual Report About Cisco
Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) is the worldwide technology leader
that has been making the Internet work since 1984. Our people,
products, and partners help society securely connect and seize
tomorrow’s digital opportunity today.
Discover more at thenetwork.cisco.com and follow us on
Twitter at @Cisco.
Our Culture
Our People Deal describes the culture Cisco wants and needs to lead in our industry. It is a
deal because there are two sides—what our people can expect from Cisco and what we ask
in return—and because every mature relationship needs both give and take.
These three pillars make up our unique experience at Cisco:
connect
everything
innovate
everywhere
benefit
everyone
We connect everything—people,
process, data, and things—and we use
those connections to help change our
world for the better. And we’re doing
it faster than ever before, in ways we
believe no one else can.
We innovate everywhere to create
fresh ideas and possibilities. We take
bold risks to shape the future because
we understand every failure is a
success if we learn from it.
We support each other and work
together to create shared success
that will benefit everyone. The
future of Cisco, the growth of our
customers and partners, and the lives
of people around the world—they’re
all connected.
Introduction to
Summary Report
This section provides an overview of Cisco. It does
not contain all of the information you should consider.
Please review our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our
Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders, and our Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) Report, all available on our corporate website.
Fiscal 2018
Summary Report
Letter to Shareholders
Financial Highlights for Fiscal 2018
Our Strategy
Leadership
Governance and Responsibility
Investor Relations
Online Report
2018
Annual Report
To see our interactive online report
visit our Annual Reports webpage. We
welcome any feedback you may have.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains projections and other forward-looking statements regarding future events or the future financial
performance of Cisco, including future operating results. These projections and statements are only predictions. Actual
events or results may differ materially from those in the projections or other forward-looking statements. See Cisco’s filings
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including its most recent filings on Forms 10-K and 10-Q, for a
discussion of important risk factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those in the projections
or other forward-looking statements.
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 1
Letter to
Shareholders
“With our commitment to providing a highly secure,
intelligent platform for digital business, Cisco is firmly
focused on being the most strategic partner for
our customers.”
To our shareholders,
Fiscal 2018 was a great year for Cisco.
As I look back, I am incredibly proud of
the tremendous progress we have made.
We returned to growth while transforming
our business model, we executed well
against our strategy, and our innovation
pipeline has never been stronger. I could
not be more excited about our future.
Harnessing the power of connections
In today’s complex, hyperconnected cloud
world, agility, security, and speed are
critical. To thrive, companies must be able
to understand and securely harness the
power of their connections, find patterns
and intelligence in data, and anticipate
and respond to shifting market conditions
and stakeholders’ needs. Our strategy
is aligned with the changing needs of
our customers. With our commitment
to providing a highly secure, intelligent
platform for digital business, Cisco is
firmly focused on being the most strategic
partner for our customers and helping
them succeed in today’s world.
The broad adoption of multicloud
environments is changing the way our
customers build and secure their IT
infrastructure, and Cisco is at the center of
this transition. Our highly secure, intelligent
platform provides a critically important
component: the ability to move workloads
seamlessly across public and private clouds
while ensuring that our customers’ security
policies are applied effectively. In fiscal
2018, we continued to innovate to manage
complexity, deliver solutions, and enable
applications for this environment. We
have also extended our broad partnership
ecosystem and have been working
Key Milestones
closely with the major cloud providers.
We are simplifying how our customers
work by providing consistent experiences
in on-premises and public-cloud
environments for the development,
deployment, and management of
applications, and we believe Cisco is
very well positioned to benefit from the
increasing adoption of multicloud.
This past year we have also seen incredible
momentum with our intent-based
networking platform. Our customers are
looking to have simplified, automated
networks, and Cisco is delivering
a fundamentally new, closed-loop
system that is powered by intent and
informed by context, constantly learning
and adapting. The 2014 launch of
our Application Centric Infrastructure
(Cisco ACI)—policy-based automation for
the data center—was our first step. We
then brought intent-based networking to
the access network with the launch of the
Cisco Catalyst 9000 series of switches,
Software-Defined Access (SD-Access),
and DNA Center—a centralized management
dashboard. Our Catalyst 9000 series of
switches has become the fastest ramping
product in Cisco’s history—testament,
we believe, to its ability to future-proof
networks; to integrate automation, security
and analytics; and to free up operating
expenses and resources for our customers.
We have now extended SD-Access
and DNA Center to the Internet of
Things (IoT) environment, as well as
extended Cisco ACI to the public cloud
with Cisco ACI Anywhere. We have
closed the loop with the addition of
network assurance capabilities, providing
continuous verification of the network’s
intent, and offering insights and visibility
into network policy and actions. We intend
to extend open, programmable access
across the entire network as we build
an ecosystem around our intent-based
networking portfolio.
Inevitably, as connections multiply, the
threat landscape continues to grow
and the concept of a security perimeter
disappears. Security is fundamental across
our portfolio and is foundational to all we
do at Cisco. Our strategy is to simplify
and increase security efficacy through an
architectural approach, with products that
work together and share analytics and
actionable threat intelligence. We have
been working hard to build an end-to-end
security architecture from the endpoint
to the network to the cloud, covering the
entire attack continuum.
Shortly after the end of fiscal 2018,
we announced our intention to acquire
Duo Security to expand our cloud
security capabilities. Duo’s multifactor
authentication solution verifies the
identity of users and the health of their
devices before granting them access to
applications, helping prevent cybersecurity
breaches. Duo’s relevance within the
context of our intent-based networking
strategy spans the entire extended
enterprise. Its portfolio of cloud-delivered
solutions will help enable what our
customers require in today’s multicloud
world: the ability to securely connect any
user on any device to any application on
any network.
300+ projects completed or under way as part of Cisco’s
Country Digital Acceleration (CDA) program, encompassing
economic development, entrepreneurship and innovation,
research and education, and national infrastructures
500,000+ registered
users in DevNet, Cisco’s
developer program
1.87 million students in 180 countries
participating in Cisco’s Networking
Academy in fiscal 2018
Partnership with Global
Citizen, whose mission is to
eradicate poverty by 2030
Five-year, $50 million commitment
440 million people
to “Destination: Home,” a nonprofit
organization, to help end
homelessness in Silicon Valley
positively impacted by our
cash grant investments
$383 million Cisco and
Cisco Foundation cash
and in-kind contributions
in fiscal 2018
2 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
“We are looking forward to fiscal 2019 with a clear
focus on growth, execution, and innovation.”
With intent-based networking, we have
not only changed the building blocks for
networks but have created a platform
for innovation across our entire portfolio.
In fiscal 2018, we introduced new
wide-area network (WAN) offerings
through the integration of Viptela’s
SD-WAN capabilities with our core
portfolio, as well as new access and data
center offerings. With the integration of
AppDynamics, we continued to develop
our analytics capabilities, bringing
end-to-end visibility and analytics from the
end user to the network to the application.
We also introduced new developer
capabilities spanning all network domains
through our DevNet program.
We are dedicated to creating better
experiences for our customers and
employees, and one way we do this is
through our collaboration portfolio. In
fiscal 2018, we created a new integrated
meetings experience with Cisco Webex
and added cloud calling and contact
center solutions through the acquisition
of Broadsoft and integration with Google.
With the acquisition of Accompany, we are
adding more intelligence and contextual
information to meeting and team
collaboration experiences.
Cultivating success
Our relationships with our customers are
changing from transactional to lifecycle, so
we have created a Customer Experience
organization to help ensure their success
at every stage of their digitization journey.
Our commitment to our customers’
success also drives our belief that it is
essential to have a diversity of experiences
and perspectives on our leadership team
to yield the best results.
We are committed not only to our
customers but also to making a difference
in the world and solving some of the
world’s greatest challenges. Two years
ago we set a goal to positively impact
one billion people by 2025, and every
day we come a step closer through our
focus on educating the workforce of the
future through the Cisco Networking
Academy, building stronger communities,
and applying our resources to the most
pressing societal issues.
Transforming our business model
As we integrate our products and services
into architectures, we are selling more
software and subscription-based offerings.
These are designed to provide our
customers with flexibility and continuous
value, and at the same time they help us to
shift our business model to more recurring
revenue streams.
In fiscal 2018, we delivered strong top-line
growth and profitability, reporting our
highest-ever revenue of $49.3 billion.
Recurring offers accounted for 32% of
our total revenue in fiscal 2018, and
revenue from subscriptions was 54% of
our software revenue. Our intention is to
continue to drive recurring revenues by
applying a subscription-based model to
many of the new products we launch and
ultimately across our entire portfolio.
Our balance sheet remains strong, and
we generated $13.7 billion in operating
cash flow in fiscal 2018. We returned
$23.6 billion to shareholders, comprising
$6.0 billion of dividends and $17.7 billion
of share repurchases.
Capitalizing on our opportunities
Our solid performance in fiscal 2018
demonstrates a combination of strong
customer adoption of our latest solutions,
the ongoing value customers see in our
software and subscription offerings, and
excellent execution. Our customers are
looking for us to provide even greater
value to them by redesigning their IT
architecture; delivering security; and
building, orchestrating, and managing
applications. We are delivering solutions
that matter to our customers, our strategy
is working, and we believe we are well
positioned to capture growth across
our portfolio.
We are looking forward to fiscal 2019
with a clear focus on growth, execution,
and innovation. We will continue to drive
automation, security, and analytics across
the entire network infrastructure. We will
also leverage our assets and the power
of connections across our portfolio and
create an architecture designed to support
our customers’ success—all the way
from IoT to multicloud—in a way that only
Cisco can.
Thank you for your continued support.
Charles H. Robbins
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
October 17, 2018
300+ projects completed or under way as part of Cisco’s
500,000+ registered
1.87 million students in 180 countries
Country Digital Acceleration (CDA) program, encompassing
users in DevNet, Cisco’s
participating in Cisco’s Networking
economic development, entrepreneurship and innovation,
developer program
Academy in fiscal 2018
research and education, and national infrastructures
Partnership with Global
Citizen, whose mission is to
eradicate poverty by 2030
Five-year, $50 million commitment
to “Destination: Home,” a nonprofit
organization, to help end
homelessness in Silicon Valley
440 million people
positively impacted by our
cash grant investments
$383 million Cisco and
Cisco Foundation cash
and in-kind contributions
in fiscal 2018
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 3
Financial
Highlights for
Fiscal 2018
“We executed well, with strong top-line growth. We’re seeing the
returns on the investments we’re making in innovation and driving
the shift to more software and subscriptions, delivering long-term
growth and shareholder value.”
— Kelly Kramer, CFO
Revenue trend ($B)
Margins (%)
49.2
48.0
49.3
12.0
37.2
12.3
12.6
35.7
36.7
50
42
34
26
18
10
70
58
46
34
22
10
62.9%
63.0%
62.0%
25.7%
24.9%
25.0%
2016
2017
2018
2016
2017
2018
Product revenue
Services revenue
Gross margin
Operating margin
Revenue by product category and services
Operating cash flow ($B)
13.6
13.9
13.7
2016
2017
2018
Operating cash flow
Infrastructure
Platforms
57%
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
Americas
59%
Services
26%
Other
2%
Applications
10%
Security
5%
Revenue by geographical segment
APJC
16%
EMEA
25%
4 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
Financial Highlights for Fiscal 2018
Capital Allocation
Primary uses
of cash
Share repurchases and
diluted share count (M)
Dividends paid
per share ($)
CapEx
2%
Share
repurchases
50%
Acquisitions
8%
Dividends
17%
Repayment
of debt
23%
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
5,088
5,049
432
148
118
4,881
2016
2017
2018
5,150
5,100
5,050
5,000
4,950
4,900
4,850
4,800
4,750
1.5
1.0
0.94
1.24
1.10
0.5
0
2016
2017
2018
Absolute number of shares repurchased (millions)
Dividends paid per share ($)
Diluted share count (millions)
Acquisitions closed in fiscal 2018
July 2017
July 2017
September 2017
October 2017
Infrastructure Platforms—
Routing and Switching
A software-defined wide area
network (SD-WAN) solution
that simplifies management,
increases agility, and reduces
costs of interconnecting
dispersed enterprise networks
Security
Cloud-native network
forensics security
applications delivered
as a service
Infrastructure Platforms—
Data Center Computing
A distributed file system
purpose-built for
hyperconvergence that enables
server-based storage systems
Applications—AppDynamics
Machine learning and data
processing technology and
expertise
December 2017
February 2018
February 2018
May 2018
Infrastructure Platforms—Cloud
A software solution that analyzes
cloud-deployed workloads and
consumption patterns and
identifies cost-optimization
strategies
Applications—Unified
Communications
Infrastructure Platforms—
Data Center Computing
Cloud calling and contact
center solutions
Cloud-managed,
hyperconverged systems that
run and protect
business-critical applications
Applications—Collaboration
An AI-driven relationship
intelligence platform for finding
new prospects, navigating the
selling process, and
strengthening relationships
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 5
Our Strategy
As our customers add billions of new connections
to their enterprises, and as more applications move
to a multicloud environment, we believe the network
continues to be extremely critical.
We believe that our customers are looking for intent-based networks that provide meaningful business value through
automation, security, and analytics. Our vision is to deliver highly secure, software-defined, automated, and intelligent
platforms for our customers. Our strategic priorities include accelerating our pace of innovation, increasing the value of the
network, and transforming our business model.
Accelerating Our Pace of Innovation and Increasing the Value of the Network
Reinvent the network
Our intent-based networking
platform is designed to be
intelligent, highly secure,
powered by intent and
informed by context—
features aiming to constantly
learn, adapt, automate,
and protect to optimize
network operations and
defend against an evolving
cyberthreat landscape.
Power a
multicloud world
Our cloud strategy is to
deliver solutions designed
to simplify, secure, and
transform how customers
work in this multicloud
world to maximize
business outcomes.
We offer a solution for all
cloud environments.
Unlock the power of data
We believe the network will
play an even more critical
role in enabling customers
to aggregate, automate, and
draw actionable insights from
highly distributed data,
where there is a premium
on security and speed.
Create meaningful
experiences
Our strategy is to
make collaboration
more effective
and comprehensive
and less complex by
creating innovative
solutions through
combining the power of
software, hardware,
and the network.
Security is foundational
Our security strategy is focused on delivering an effective
cybersecurity architecture combining network, cloud, and
endpoint solutions. Through our industry-leading Cisco
Talos offering, we intend to protect against and provide
security across the entire attack continuum—before, during,
and after a cyberattack—and to help customers shorten
the time between threat detection and response.
Transforming Our Business Model
We are transforming our offerings to meet the evolving needs of customers. We are developing and selling more software
and subscription-based offerings, which we expect will increase the amount of our recurring revenue. Historically, our
various networking technology products have aligned with their respective product categories. However, increasingly our
offerings are crossing multiple product categories. As our core networking evolves, we expect we will add more common
software features across our core networking platforms.
6 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
Cisco’s Executive
Leadership Team
Cisco’s Executive Leadership Team brings a diverse
set of experiences to identify and deliver strategic
priorities, accelerate our innovation, enhance our
execution, simplify how we do business, drive
operational rigor, and inspire our employees to be the
best that they can be.
Chuck Robbins
Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer
Mark Chandler
Executive Vice President,
Chief Legal Officer, and
Chief Compliance Officer
Amy Chang
Senior Vice President,
Collaboration
Technology Group
Gerri Elliott
Executive Vice President
and Chief Sales and
Marketing Officer
David Goeckeler
Executive Vice President and
General Manager, Networking
and Security Business
Anuj Kapur
Senior Vice President and
Chief Strategy Officer
Francine Katsoudas
Executive Vice President and
Chief People Officer
Kelly A. Kramer
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Maria Martinez
Executive Vice President
and Chief Customer
Experience Officer
Mark Patterson
Senior Vice President and
Chief of Staff to the CEO
Irving Tan
Senior Vice President,
Operations
Michael Timmeny
Senior Vice President
and Chief Government
Strategy Officer
Male
58%
Female
42%
Executive Leadership Team diversity
We believe it is essential to have a diversity of
experiences and perspectives on our Executive
Leadership Team to yield the best results.
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 7
Governance and
Responsibility
Cisco is committed to shareholder-friendly corporate
governance and the Board of Directors has adopted
clear corporate policies that promote excellence in
corporate governance.
Shareholder Engagement
At Cisco, we recognize the importance of regular and transparent communication with our shareholders. Each year,
we engage with a significant portion of shareholders that includes our top institutional investors. In fiscal 2018, we held
meetings and conference calls with investors representing approximately 32% of our outstanding shares. We engaged
with these shareholders on a variety of topics, including our corporate governance and risk management practices, board
refreshment, sustainability initiatives, executive compensation program, and other matters of shareholder interest.
Risk Management Approach
We believe that risk is inherent in innovation and the pursuit of long-term growth opportunities. Cisco’s management
is responsible for day-to-day risk management activities. The Board of Directors, acting directly and through its
committees, is responsible for the oversight of risk management. With the oversight of the Board of Directors,
Cisco has implemented practices and programs designed to help manage the risks to which we are exposed in our
business and to align risk-taking with our efforts to increase shareholder value.
Cisco’s management has implemented an enterprise risk management (ERM) program designed to work across the
business to identify, assess, govern, and manage risks and Cisco’s response to those risks. Cisco’s internal audit
function performs an annual risk assessment, which is utilized as part of the ERM program. The structure of the ERM
program includes both an ERM operating committee that focuses on risk management-related topics, and an ERM
executive committee consisting of members of senior management. The ERM operating committee conducts global
risk reviews and generally provides biannual updates to the ERM executive committee.
The Audit Committee, which oversees financial and risk management policies including data protection (comprising
both privacy and security), receives regular reports on ERM from the chair of the ERM operating committee and
regular reports on cybersecurity from Cisco’s Chief Security and Trust Officer. Other board committees oversee
specific categories of risk associated with their respective areas of responsibility. The Board of Directors regularly
discusses core subjects with senior management, including strategy, operations, information systems, finance, and
legal and public policy matters, in which risk management is an inherent element.
Policies and Practices
We have adopted these policies
and practices consistent with our
commitment to transparency and best-
in-class practices, as well as to ensure
compliance with the rules and regulations
of the SEC, the listing requirements
of NASDAQ, and applicable corporate
governance requirements.
8 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
% Shareholder proxy access
% Annual election of all directors
(since IPO)
% Majority voting (since 2007)
% Robust lead independent director role
% Shareholder right to call a special
meeting (since IPO)
% No poison pill
% Recoupment policy (since 2008)
% Stock ownership guidelines for
directors and executive officers
% Shareholder recommendations for
director candidate to the board
% Shareholder right to act by written
consent (since IPO)
Governance and
Responsibility
Executive
Compensation
Our pay practices align with our pay-for-performance
philosophy and underscore our commitment to sound
compensation and governance practices.
Executive Compensation Highlights
These charts summarize the major elements of target total direct compensation for our CEO and our other named executive
officers (NEOs1) as a group for fiscal 2018 and demonstrate our continued pay-for-performance philosophy.
CEO
NEOs other than CEO
Base salary
7%
Variable cash
incentive awards
(performance-
based)
15%
Time-based
equity incentive
awards
20%
Performance-
based equity
incentive
awards
52%
Performance-
based equity
incentive
awards
59%
Base salary
6%
Variable cash
incentive awards
(performance-
based)
8%
Time-based
equity incentive
awards
33%
Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.
1As defined in our Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
We apply leading executive compensation practices
% Independent compensation committee
% Stock ownership guidelines
% Independent compensation consultant
% Recoupment policy
% Comprehensive annual compensation
% No single trigger vesting of equity
program risk assessment
award grants
% Caps on incentive compensation
% No stock option repricing or cash-out
% No employment or severance or
change in control agreements
of underwater equity awards
% “No perks” policy with limited
exceptions
% No supplemental executive retirement
plan or executive-defined benefit
pension plan
% No golden parachute tax gross-ups
% Broad anti-pledging and
anti-hedging policies
Our executive compensation program rewards performance
% Compensation philosophy designed
% Performance measures aligned with
% Majority of annual total direct
to attract and retain, motivate
performance, and reward achievement
shareholder interests
compensation is performance-based
% No dividends on unvested awards
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 9
Governance and
Responsibility
The Cisco Board
of Directors
Cisco’s Board of Directors believes strongly in the value of an
independent board of directors. Independent board members
have consistently comprised over 75% of the members of Cisco’s
Board of Directors. All members of the key board committees—
the Audit Committee, the Compensation and Management
Development Committee, and the Nomination and Governance
Committee—are independent.
Charles H. Robbins
Skills/Attributes
Carol A. Bartz
Skills/Attributes
Chairman and CEO
Age 52
Director since 2015
Chairman since 2017
Lead Independent Director
Age 70
Director since 1996
Committees
Mr. Robbins brings to the Board of Directors extensive industry,
company and operational experience acquired from having
served as Cisco’s CEO since 2015, and prior to that from having
led Cisco’s global sales and partner teams. He has a thorough
knowledge of Cisco’s segments, technology areas, geographies,
and competition. He has a proven track record of driving results
and played a key role in leading and executing many of Cisco’s
investments and strategy shifts to meet its growth initiatives.
Ms. Bartz brings to the Board of Directors leadership experience,
including service as the chief executive of two public technology
companies. These roles have required technology industry
expertise combined with marketing, operational, and global
management expertise. Ms. Bartz also has experience as a public
company outside director.
(Retiring from the Board in December 2018)
M. Michele Burns
Skills/Attributes
Michael D. Capellas
Skills/Attributes
Independent Director
Age 60
Director since 2003
Committees
Independent Director*
Age 64
Director since 2006
Committees
Ms. Burns provides to the Board of Directors expertise in corporate
finance, accounting, and strategy, including experience gained
as the chief financial officer of three public companies. Through
her experience gained as chief executive officer of Mercer, she
brings expertise in global and operational management, including
a background in organizational leadership and human resources.
Ms. Burns also has experience serving as a public company
outside director.
Mr. Capellas brings to the Board of Directors experience in
executive roles and a background of leading global organizations
in the technology industry. Through this experience, he has
developed expertise in several valued areas, including strategic
product development, business development, sales, marketing,
and finance.
*The Board has appointed Michael Capellas as Lead Independent
Director effective upon Mr. Capellas’ re-election to the Board
of Directors.
Mark Garrett
Skills/Attributes
Dr. John L. Hennessy
Skills/Attributes
Independent Director
Age 60
Director since 2018
Committees
Independent Director
Age 66
Director since 2002
Committees
Mr. Garrett brings to the Board of Directors extensive history of
leadership in finance and accounting in the technology industry,
including experience in the transformation and transition to the
cloud. Mr. Garrett also has experience as a public company
outside director.
Dr. Hennessy brings to the Board of Directors an engineering
background as well as skill in the development of information
technology businesses. In addition, he has leadership and
management experience, both in an academic context at Stanford
University and in a corporate context as a board member of public
and private technology companies.
(Retiring from the Board in December 2018)
Key to skills/attributes
Leadership
Technology
10 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
Financial
experience
Global
business
Gender/ethnic
diversity
Sales and
marketing
Academia
Public company
board experience
Board Snapshot
Board governance structure
Board diversity
Balanced director tenure
Independent
directors
91%
Nonindependent
directors
9%
Male
73%
Female
27%
0-7 years
4
8-14 years
2
15+ years
5
Dr. Kristina M. Johnson
Skills/Attributes
Roderick C. McGeary
Skills/Attributes
Independent Director
Age 61
Director since 2012
Committees
Independent Director
Age 68
Director since 2003
Committees
Dr. Johnson brings to the Board of Directors an engineering
background as well as expertise in science, technology, business,
education, and government. In addition, she has leadership
and management experience, both in an academic context as
chancellor, provost, and dean of nationally recognized academic
institutions and in a corporate context as a board member of public
technology companies.
Mr. McGeary brings to the Board of Directors a combination
of executive experience in management and technology
consulting. He also has expertise in leading talented teams,
and skills in finance, accounting, and auditing with technology
industry experience.
Arun Sarin, KBE
Skills/Attributes
Brenton L. Saunders
Skills/Attributes
Independent Director
Age 63
Director since 2009
Committees
Independent Director
Age 48
Director since 2017
Committee
Mr. Sarin provides to the Board of Directors a telecommunications
industry and technology background, as well as leadership
skills, including through his global chief executive experience at
Vodafone Group Plc. He also provides an international perspective
as well as expertise in general management, finance, marketing,
and operations. Mr. Sarin also has experience as a director,
including service as an outside board member of companies
in the information technology, banking, financial services, and
retail industries.
Steven M. West
Skills/Attributes
Mr. Saunders brings to the Board of Directors his extensive
leadership experience, including as chief executive officer of two
global healthcare companies in addition to financial, strategic, and
operational experience. He is a natural innovator and leader with a
deep understanding of business transformation.
Board skills and attributes
(number of Board members)
Committees
11
11
Independent Director
Age 63
Director since 1996
Mr. West’s experience in the information technology industry
includes a variety of leadership and strategic positions, which
have provided him with accumulated expertise in operational
management, strategy, finance, and experience as an outside
board member and audit committee member. Mr. West is a
member of the National Association of Corporate Directors and
was named to the NACD Directorship 100 in 2018. He is also a
frequent speaker on audit committee and cybersecurity related
issues. In addition, Mr. West has knowledge of Cisco acquired
through more than 20 years of service on the Board of Directors.
9
9
7
5
4
2
Leadership
Technology
Financial
experience
Global
business
Gender/ethnic
diversity
Sales and
marketing
Academia
Public
company board
experience
Key to committees
AU Audit Committee
N
Nomination and
Governance Committee
F
Finance
Committee
C
Compensation and Management
Development Committee
AQ Acquisition
Committee
Committee Chair
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 11
Corporate
Social
Responsibility
Cisco pioneered the technology that connects
everything and has now developed intent-based
technologies that are constantly learning and adapting
to provide customers with a highly secure, intelligent
platform for their digital businesses. Through our
technology, the passion and expertise of our
people, and our network of partners, we are making
connections to help accelerate global problem solving
and advance positive social and environmental impact.
Cisco Connects
We are taking action across our three focus areas of people, society, and planet that are aligned with Cisco’s business
strategy and where we believe we can make the greatest impact.
People
y Attracting and retaining
top talent
y Inclusion and collaboration
y Employee community impact
Society
y Building skills and
entrepreneurship
y Strategic social investments
y Human rights
y Responsible sourcing and
manufacturing
Culture of integrity
Key Initiatives and Progress Toward Goals
Planet
y Energy and greenhouse gas
reduction
y Responsible resource use
People
Inclusion is the bridge that connects
diverse perspectives, challenges
the status quo, and unlocks the full
potential of our people. In this age
of digital transformation, we believe
inclusion, diversity, and collaboration
make us more innovative, more agile,
and ultimately more successful.
At Cisco, our commitment to inclusion
starts at the top. Women comprise
42% of our executive leadership team
(ELT). Based on gender and ethnicity,
our ELT is 58% diverse—making it
one of the most diverse executive
teams in our industry. We have driven
broad improvements in representation
across our global company that
have resulted in the most diverse
Cisco ever. In the past year, we have
delivered innovative new solutions to
some of our most business-critical
challenges and opportunities to
accelerate and develop diverse talent,
engage our employee community,
advocate for a future of fairness, and
impact society.
Our people are passionate about
sharing their time and talents to help
others in the community, and we want
everyone to have time to participate
in community-helping activities,
so we offer full-time employees
five days off per year to volunteer
through a program we call Time2Give.
Additionally, the Cisco Foundation
matches volunteer time and
employee donations up to $10,000
per employee per year, which is one
of the most generous matching gift
policies in the industry.
During fiscal 2018, employee
community engagement, measured
by the proportion of employees
volunteering or making donations,
increased by approximately 2
percentage points compared to fiscal
2017, to 46%.
80%
Achieve 80% employee
engagement (through
volunteering or making
donations) by 2020
12 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
Society
Cisco strives to accelerate global
problem solving by creating
exponential opportunity for social and
business impact.
We are enabling social enterprises and
nonprofits to accelerate early-stage,
technology-based solutions addressing
education, economic empowerment,
and critical human needs. Our
nonprofit partners report that our cash
grant investments positively impacted
208 million people in fiscal 2018. This
represents an increase of 54 million
from the fiscal 2017 number of
154 million. The cumulative total since
we announced the initiative in fiscal
2016 is 440 million, 44% of our goal of
positively impacting one billion people
by 2025.
Our strategic investment in the Cisco
Networking Academy helps countries
meet industry demand for a digitally
skilled workforce by providing a
Planet
In fiscal 2017, Cisco met its five-year
greenhouse gas (GHG) goal to reduce
Cisco’s worldwide Scope 1 and 2
GHG emissions by 40% in absolute
terms compared to our fiscal 2007
baseline. Early in fiscal 2018, we
announced new, five-year GHG and
renewable electricity goals, continuing
along the roadmap recommended
by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change in 2007.
Through the end of fiscal 2017, we
had invested more than $50 million—
with a payback of less than four
years—in 450 energy efficiency and
renewable energy projects to meet
our just completed, five-year 40%
reduction goal. We are planning to
invest $45 million over the next five
years to meet our fiscal 2022 goals.
comprehensive learning experience.
With 1.87 million students in 180
countries participating in the Cisco
Networking Academy in fiscal 2018,
we made tremendous progress
toward our goal of reaching two million
Cisco Networking Academy Students
per year by 2021.
In fiscal 2018, cash and in-kind
contributions from Cisco and the
Cisco Foundation totaled $383 million.
Ethical sourcing is an important
facet of our ethical conduct strategy.
Suppliers must acknowledge their
commitment to our Supplier Code
of Conduct, which is based on the
Supplier Code of Conduct put forth
by the Responsible Business Alliance
(RBA). We have also expanded our
Conflict Minerals Program to become
a Raw Materials Sourcing Program,
which now includes additional
minerals such as cobalt.
As part of the Platform for
Accelerating the Circular Economy
(PACE), at the World Economic
Forum in Davos in early 2018,
Cisco Chairman and CEO Chuck
Robbins pledged, as part of Cisco’s
sponsorship of the circular economy,
the following: provide product return
pickup and transport at no cost for
any customer worldwide; return used
product to Cisco; establish alternative
commercial models to promote
product return; offer comprehensive
warranty, replacement, service, and
repair for all products; and repurpose
returned products and components,
including closed-loop return to new
product manufacturing.
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 13
1 billion
Positively impact one billion
people by 2025
2 million
Reach two million Cisco
Networking Academy
students per year by 2021
60%
Reduce Scope 1 and 2 GHG
emissions worldwide by
60% absolute by fiscal 2022
(fiscal 2007 baseline)
85%
Use electricity generated
from renewable sources for
at least 85% of our global
electricity by 2022
Governance and Responsibility
CSR Governance and Recognition
CSR is integrated into Cisco’s business
strategy and functions. It is foundational to
our culture and a core value by which we
do business.
Cisco CSR Business Process
Business functions
Corporate Affairs
Performance
measurement
CSR reporting
Implementation
Stakeholder
engagement
and analysis
Prioritization, goals,
and initiatives
Stakeholder
feedback to
the business
CSR Governance
and Management
Cisco Corporate Affairs leads our social
investment programs and champions our
commitment to CSR performance and
transparency. This team engages with
internal and external stakeholders and leads
CSR materiality assessment and reporting
activities, which are aligned with standards
set by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
The team assesses and monitors CSR
priorities, establishes corporate CSR strategy,
drives process for CSR management, and
provides guidance and coordination across
business functions.
CSR priorities are owned by business functions
and are integrated into ongoing business
strategy and planning. Business functions set
CSR goals, implement plans, and measure
performance. Where a cross-functional
approach is needed, we establish teams to
implement our commitments.
Recognition
Earned the number one spot on
Barron’s 100 Most Sustainable
Companies list (based on a
review of 1000 publicly traded
companies headquartered in the
United States)
Earned Newsweek’s
Green Ranking –
coming in fifth in its
global list and ranking
as the number one IT
company worldwide
Named to Corporate
Knights’ Global 100 list
of the most sustainable
corporations, coming in at
number seven
Ranked third on Fortune’s
50 Best Workplaces for
Giving Back
Won a Smart Energy Decisions
Innovation Award for Cisco’s Global
EnergyOps Program
Ranked in Dow Jones Sustainability
North America and World Index
for 2018
Made seventh appearance on the CDP’s
Performance Leadership Index/
Climate A List. Fiscal 2018 represents
our 14th year reporting to CDP (formerly
Carbon Disclosure Project)
For more information about our performance, see our CSR website at csr.cisco.com. Our full fiscal 2018 CSR report will be
published in December 2018.
14 Cisco 2018 Annual Report
Investor
Relations
The latest information about our earnings and stock
performance, as well as presentations and webcasts,
can be found on our Investor Relations website.
Learn more at investor.cisco.com.
Our fiscal 2018 investor engagement
by number of events
Other
7%
Sell-side briefings
14%
Tech talks
9%
Roadshows
19%
Bus tours
31%
Investor
conferences
20%
Comparison of five-year cumulative total return
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
July 2013
July 2014
July 2015
July 2016
July 2017
July 2018
Cisco Systems, Inc.
S&P 500
S&P Information Technology
For webcasts and additional
information, view our events calendar.
This graph shows a five-year
comparison of the cumulative total
shareholder return on Cisco common
stock with the cumulative total returns
of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P
Information Technology Index. The
graph tracks the performance of a
$100 investment in Cisco’s common
stock and in each of the indexes (with
the reinvestment of all dividends)
on the date specified. Shareholder
returns over the indicated period are
based on historical data and should
not be considered indicative of future
shareholder returns.
Investor contact
To contact Investor Relations:
Investor Relations Department
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA
95134-1706 USA
Phone: 1 408 227 CSCO (2726)
Cisco 2018 Annual Report 15
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
(Mark one)
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended July 28, 2018
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission file number 0-18225
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
California
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California
(Address of principal executive offices)
77-0059951
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
95134-1706
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 526-4000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class:
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to
be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will
not be contained to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an
emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company”
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
Aggregate market value of registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of a share of the registrant’s
common stock on January 26, 2018 as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market on that date: $207,120,318,133
Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of August 31, 2018: 4,571,334,136
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to the registrant’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on December 12, 2018, are
incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
1
11
27
27
28
28
28
30
31
58
60
PART I
Item 1.
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 1A.
Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART II
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 8.
Item 9.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Item 9B.
Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
PART III
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Item 11.
Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . . 115
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
PART IV
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe
harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange
Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements.
These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we
operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,”
“projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “momentum,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “endeavors,” “strives,” “may,”
variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any
statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses,
and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these
forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to
predict, including those identified below, under “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may
differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise
or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.
Item 1.
Business
General
PART I
Cisco designs and sells a broad range of technologies that have been powering the Internet since 1984. Across networking,
security, collaboration, applications and the cloud, our evolving intent-based technologies are constantly learning and adapting
to provide customers with a highly secure, intelligent platform for their digital business.
We conduct our business globally, and manage our business by geography. Our business is organized into the following three
geographic segments: Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); and Asia Pacific, Japan, and China (APJC). For
revenue and other information regarding these segments, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our products and technologies are grouped into the following categories: Infrastructure Platforms; Applications; Security and
Other Products. In addition to our product offerings, we provide a broad range of service offerings, including technical support
services and advanced services. Increasingly, we are delivering our technologies through software and services. Our customers
include businesses of all sizes, public institutions, governments, and service providers. These customers often look to us as a
strategic partner to help them use information technology (IT) to differentiate themselves and drive positive business outcomes.
We were incorporated in California in December 1984, and our headquarters are in San Jose, California. The mailing address of
our headquarters is 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, California 95134-1706, and our telephone number at that location is (408)
526-4000. Our website is www.cisco.com. Through a link on the Investor Relations section of our website, we make available
the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC): our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form
8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. All such
filings are available free of charge. The information posted on our website is not incorporated into this report.
Strategy and Priorities
As our customers add billions of new connections to their enterprises, and as more applications move to a multi-cloud
environment, we believe the network continues to be extremely critical. We believe that our customers are looking for intent-
based networks that provide meaningful business value through automation, security, and analytics across private, hybrid, and
multi-cloud environments. Our vision is to deliver highly secure, software-defined, automated and intelligent platforms for
our customers. Our strategic priorities include the following: accelerating our pace of innovation, increasing the value of the
network, and transforming our business model.
Accelerating Pace of Innovation — Enabling Network Automation
In fiscal 2017, we announced the initial development of new network product offerings that feature our intent-based networking
technology. The intent-based networking platform is designed to be intelligent, highly secure, powered by “intent” and informed
by “context”—features aiming to constantly learn, adapt, automate and protect in order to optimize network operations and
defend against an evolving cyber threat landscape. To further our innovation in this area, we are applying the latest technologies
such as machine learning and advanced analytics, to operate and define the network. From a security standpoint, these new
network product offerings are designed to enable customers to detect threats, for instance, in encrypted traffic, and we have
created what is in our view the only network that is designed for security while maintaining privacy.
1
Our Catalyst 9000 series of switches represent the initial build of our intent-based networking capabilities and provide highly
differentiated advancements in security, programmability, and performance, while lowering operating costs by innovating at
the hardware and software layers. Our intent-based network started with the Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) technology,
one of our leading enterprise architectures. These offerings are designed to provide a single, highly secure network fabric that
helps ensure policy consistency and network assurance; enables faster launches of new business services; and significantly
improves issue resolution times while being open and extendable. SD-Access, built on the principles of Cisco Digital Networking
Architecture (DNA), provides what we see as a transformational shift in the building and managing of networks.
For the data center, our Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) solutions deliver centralized application-driven policy
automation, management, and visibility of both physical and virtual environments as a single system.
Increasing the Value of the Network
Unlocking the Power of Data. Our customers are increasingly using technology, and specifically, networks to grow their
businesses, drive efficiencies, and more effectively compete. We believe data is one of an organization's most strategic assets,
and this data is increasingly distributed across every organization and ecosystem, on customer premises, at the edge of the
network, and in the cloud. As the number of new devices connected to the Internet grows, we believe the network will play
an even more critical role in enabling our customers to aggregate, automate, and draw actionable insights from this highly
distributed data, where there is a premium on security and speed. We believe this is driving our customers to adopt entirely new
IT architectures and organizational structures and, more specifically, to seek network deployment solutions that deliver greater
agility, productivity, security, and other advanced network capabilities.
Security is Foundational. We believe that security is the top IT priority for many of our customers. Our security strategy is
focused on delivering an effective cybersecurity architecture combining network, cloud and endpoint-based solutions. Through
our industry-leading Cisco Talos offering, we intend to protect against and provide security across the entire attack continuum
before, during, and after a cyberattack to help our customers shorten the time between threat detection and response.
Powering a Multi-Cloud World. Our customers are operating in multi-cloud environments with private, public, and hybrid
clouds. Our cloud strategy is to deliver solutions designed to simplify, secure, and transform how customers work in this multi-
cloud world to maximize business outcomes.
As our customers navigate the multi-cloud world, they need to connect new devices, protect their assets and monitor cloud
consumption, and they also require advisory cloud services that are provided in a consistent manner. We are focused on enabling
simple, intelligent, automated and highly secure clouds by delivering the infrastructure to navigate the complex IT environment
through our software and subscription-based offerings including Webex, Meraki cloud networking, and certain other of our
Security and Applications offerings. We believe that customers and partners view our approach to the cloud as differentiated and
unique, recognizing that we offer a solution for all cloud environments, including private, hybrid, and public clouds.
In our view, over the next several years, customers will be increasingly writing modern applications that can run on any hybrid
cloud, and will be adding billions of connections to their environment. We believe Cisco is uniquely positioned to enable
successful business outcomes for customers in hybrid and multi-cloud environments. In our view, the network has never been
more critical to business success and we believe our customers will benefit from the insights and intelligence that we are making
accessible through our highly differentiated platforms.
Transforming our Business Model
We are transforming our offerings to meet the evolving needs of our customers. As part of the transformation of our business, we
continued to make strides during fiscal 2018 to develop and sell more software and subscription-based offerings, which we expect
will increase the amount of our recurring revenue. The Catalyst 9000 series of switches are an example of how we are beginning
to shift more of our core business to a subscription-based model. Historically, our various networking technology products have
aligned with their respective product categories. However, increasingly, our offerings are crossing multiple product categories.
As our core networking evolves, we expect we will add more common software features across our core networking platforms.
With respect to the disaggregation of hardware and software and how our customers want to consume our technology, we are
increasing the amount of software offerings that we provide. We have various types of software arrangements including system
software, on premise software, hybrid software and SaaS offerings. In terms of monetization, our software offerings fall into
the broad categories of subscription arrangements and perpetual licenses.
For a discussion of the risks associated with our strategy, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including the risk factor entitled “We
depend upon the development of new products and enhancements to existing products, and if we fail to predict and respond
to emerging technological trends and customers’ changing needs, our operating results and market share may suffer.” For
information regarding sales of our major products and services, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
2
Products and Services
Our products and services are grouped into the following categories:
Infrastructure Platforms
Infrastructure Platforms consist of our core networking technologies of switching, routing, data center products, and wireless
that are designed to work together to deliver networking capabilities and transport and/or store data. These technologies consist
of both hardware and software offerings that help our customers build networks, automate, orchestrate, integrate, and digitize
data. We believe it is critical for us to continue to deliver continuous value to our customers. Over fiscal 2018, we made ongoing
progress in shifting more of our business to software and subscriptions across our core networking portfolio, and in expanding
our software offerings. Our objective is to continue moving to cloud-managed solutions across our entire enterprise networking
portfolio. We continue to expand on our intent driven infrastructure, which focuses on simplicity, automation, and security,
allowing enterprises to manage and govern the interactions of users, devices and applications across their IT environments. In
fiscal 2017, we launched our Cisco Catalyst 9000 series of switches, which were developed for security, mobility, the Internet of
Things (IoT), and the cloud. These switches form the foundation for our leading enterprise architectures, built on the principles
of Cisco DNA. We continue to expand on this technology by extending SD-Access and Cisco DNA Center to the IoT environment
and Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) to the public cloud.
Our switching portfolio encompasses campus switching offerings as well as data center switching offerings. Our campus
switching offerings provide the foundation for converged data, voice, video, and IoT services. These switches offer enhanced
security and reliability and are designed to scale efficiently as our customers grow. Within campus switching are the recently
launched Catalyst 9000 series of switches that include hardware with embedded software, along with, a software subscription
referred to as Cisco DNA. Cisco DNA provides automation, analytics and security features and can be centrally monitored,
managed, and configured. Our data center switching offerings provide the foundation for mission critical data centers with high
availability, scalability, and security across traditional data centers and private and public cloud data centers.
Our routing portfolio interconnects public and private wireline and mobile networks and mobile networks, delivering highly secure
and reliable service to campus, data center and branch networks. Our routing solutions are designed to meet the scale, reliability,
and security needs of our customers. During fiscal 2018, we introduced the principles of Cisco DNA into our routing portfolio along
with software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN), increasing flexibility and simplicity and delivery through the cloud.
Our Data Center portfolio incorporates various technologies and solutions including the Cisco Unified Computing System
(Cisco UCS), HyperFlex (HX), and software management capabilities which combine computing, networking, and storage
infrastructure management and virtualization to deliver agility, simplicity and scale. These products are designed to extend the
power and simplicity of unified computing for data-intensive workloads, applications at the edge, and the next generation of
distributed application architectures.
Our Wireless portfolio provides indoor and outdoor wireless coverage designed for seamless roaming use of voice, video,
and data applications. These products include wireless access points that are standalone, controller appliance-based, switch-
converged, and Meraki cloud-managed offerings. In fiscal 2018, we expanded our capabilities to include network assurance and
automation through our Cisco DNA Center and location-based services.
Applications
The Applications product category consists primarily of software-related offerings that utilize the core networking and data center
platforms to provide their functions. Our Applications offerings consist of both hardware and software-based solutions, including
both software licenses and software-as-a-service. Applications include our collaboration offerings (unified communications, Cisco
TelePresence and conferencing) as well as the IoT and analytics software offerings from Jasper and AppDynamics, respectively.
Our strategy is to make collaboration more effective, comprehensive, and less complex by creating innovative solutions through
combining the power of software, hardware, and the network. We offer a portfolio of solutions which can be delivered from
the cloud, premise or mixed environments, and which integrate voice, video, and messaging on fixed and mobile networks
across a wide range of devices/endpoints such as mobile phones, tablets, desktop and laptop computers, video units and
collaboration appliances. Growth in cloud-connected products and services was highlighted by the acquisition of BroadSoft, a
leading provider of cloud-based unified communications. In addition, we announced innovative new cloud-connected products
and services within our Collaboration portfolio including the Cisco WebexVirtual Assistant, AI driven voice assistance for
workplace collaboration, and Webex Room telepresence endpoint devices. For on-premise collaboration markets, we launched
multi-party Internet Protocol (IP) Phones to extend our reach into third-party call control platforms as well as a new series of
telephony headsets which offer innovative integration with our market leading IP phone business.
Our analytics solutions seek to help businesses deliver consistently high quality digital experiences by connecting end-user
experience and application performance to business outcomes. Our applications monitor, correlate, analyze, and act on application
3
performance and business performance data in real time. This automated, cross-stack intelligence enables developers, IT
operations, and business owners to make mission critical and strategic improvements.
We continue to invest in IoT as the number of connected IoT devices continues to grow. Our Jasper Control Center Platform
enables enterprises to automate the lifecycle of connected devices, including tools designed to automatically and remotely
onboard, manage and monetize their IoT devices.
Security
The Security product category primarily includes our unified threat management products, advanced threat security products,
and web security products that are designed to provide a highly secure environment for our customers. Security continues to be
the top IT priority for many of our customers and we continue to believe that security solutions will help to protect the digital
economy. We believe that security will be an enabler that helps safeguard our customers’ business interests and can help create
competitive advantage for them. Our approach is designed to provide protection across the entire attack continuum before,
during, and after a cyber-attack and to help our customers shorten the time to threat detection and response. In our view, the
escalation of ransomware and other malware events in the past year demonstrates that organizations are more critically exposed
than ever.
Our security portfolio is designed to increase capability while reducing complexity by delivering simple, open, and automated
solutions resulting in more effective security. Our security portfolio spans endpoints, the network, and the cloud. Our offerings
cover the following network-related areas: network and data center security, advanced threat protection, web and email security,
access and policy, unified threat management, and advisory, integration, and managed services. Our offerings are powered by
Cisco Talos, our industry-leading, cloud delivered threat intelligence platform.
In fiscal 2018, we continued to invest in cloud security. These investments include introducing our Stealthwatch Cloud,
behavioral threat detection for IaaS (infrastructure as a service) and PaaS (platform as a service) environments, extending our
Umbrella Platform capabilities, and providing new functions such as shadow IT discovery in CloudLock, our CASB (Cloud
Access Security Broker) solution. We significantly extended our endpoint security portfolio (Advanced Malware Protection
for Endpoints) with new exploit prevention capabilities for fileless malware. We remain focused on delivering an integrated
architecture across our Security products, highlighted by the introduction of Cisco Visibility, a unified threat management
platform across many of our products.
Other Products
Our Other Products category primarily consists of Service Provider Video Software and Solutions and cloud and system
management products. We announced a definitive agreement to sell our Service Provider Video Software and Solutions business
in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. We expect this transaction to close in the first half of fiscal 2019 subject to regulatory
approvals and customary closing conditions.
Services
In addition to our product offerings, we provide a broad range of service and support options for our customers, including
technical support services and advanced services. In fiscal 2019, we introduced Customer Experience, combining our overall
service and support offerings into one organization that is responsible for the end-to-end customer experience.
Technical support services help our customers ensure their products operate efficiently, remain available, and benefit from the
most up-to-date system, and application software. These services help customers protect their network investments, manage
risk, and minimize downtime for systems running mission-critical applications. A key example is Cisco Smart Services, which
leverages the intelligence from the installed base of our products and customer connections to protect and optimize network
investment for our customers and partners. We have expanded our Technical Services offerings from traditional hardware
support to software, solutions, and premium support and outcome based offers.
Advanced services are part of a comprehensive program that is focused on providing responsive, preventive, and consultative
support of our technologies for specific networking needs. We are investing in and expanding our advanced services in the areas
of cloud, security, and analytics, which reflects our strategy of selling customer outcomes. We are focused on three priorities
including, utilizing Technology Advisory Services to drive higher product and services pull-through; Assessment and Migration
services providing the tools, expertise and methodologies to enable our customers to migrate to new technology platforms; and
providing optimization services aligned with customers’ measurable business outcomes.
We believe this strategy, along with our architectural approach and networking expertise, has the potential to further differentiate
us from competitors.
4
Customers and Markets
Many factors influence the IT, collaboration, and networking requirements of our customers. These include the size of the
organization, number and types of technology systems, geographic location, and business applications deployed throughout the
customer’s network. Our customer base is not limited to any specific industry, geography, or market segment. In each of the past
three fiscal years, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue. Our customers primarily operate in the following
markets: enterprise, commercial, service provider, and public sector.
Enterprise
Enterprise businesses are large regional, national, or global organizations with multiple locations or branch offices and typically
employ 1,000 or more employees. Many enterprise businesses have unique IT, collaboration, and networking needs within a
multivendor environment. We plan to take advantage of the network-as-a-platform strategy to integrate business processes with
technology architectures to assist customer growth. We offer service and support packages, financing, and managed network
services, primarily through our service provider partners. We sell these products through a network of third-party application
and technology vendors and channel partners, as well as selling directly to these customers.
Commercial
We define commercial businesses as organizations which typically have fewer than 1,000 employees. We sell to the larger, or
midmarket, customers within the commercial market through a combination of our direct sales force and channel partners. These
customers typically require the latest advanced technologies that our enterprise customers demand, but with less complexity.
Small businesses, or organizations with fewer than 100 employees, require information technologies and communication
products that are easy to configure, install, and maintain. We sell to these smaller organizations within the commercial market
primarily through channel partners.
Service Providers
Service providers offer data, voice, video, and mobile/wireless services to businesses, governments, utilities, and consumers
worldwide. This customer market category includes regional, national, and international wireline carriers, as well as Internet,
cable, and wireless providers. We also include media, broadcast, and content providers within our service provider market, as
the lines in the telecommunications industry continue to blur between traditional network-based, content-based and application-
based services. Service providers use a variety of our products and services for their own networks. In addition, many service
providers use Cisco data center, virtualization, and collaboration technologies to offer managed or Internet-based services
to their business customers. Compared with other customers, service providers are more likely to require network design,
deployment, and support services because of the greater scale and higher complexity of their networks, whose requirements are
addressed, we believe, by our architectural approach.
Public Sector
Public sector entities include federal governments, state and local governments, as well as educational institution customers.
Many public sector entities have unique IT, collaboration, and networking needs within a multivendor environment. We sell
to public sector entities through a network of third-party application and technology vendors and channel partners, as well as
through direct sales.
Sales Overview
As of the end of fiscal 2018, our worldwide sales and marketing departments consisted of approximately 25,200 employees,
including managers, sales representatives, and technical support personnel. We have field sales offices in 96 countries, and we
sell our products and services both directly and through a variety of channels with support from our salesforce. A substantial
portion of our products and services is sold through channel partners, and the remainder is sold through direct sales. Channel
partners include systems integrators, service providers, other resellers, and distributors.
Systems integrators and service providers typically sell directly to end users and often provide system installation, technical
support, professional services, and other support services in addition to network equipment sales. Systems integrators also
typically integrate our products into an overall solution. Some service providers are also systems integrators.
Distributors typically hold inventory and sell to systems integrators, service providers, and other resellers. We refer to sales through
distributors as our two-tier system of sales to the end customer. Revenue from two-tier distributors is recognized based on a sell-
through method using point of sales information provided by these distributors. Starting in fiscal 2019, in connection with the
adoption of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, a new accounting standard related to revenue recognition, we
will start recognizing revenue from two-tier distributors on a sell-in method. For further discussion of ASC 606, see Note 2 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. These distributors are generally given business terms that allow them to return a portion of
inventory, receive credits for changes in selling prices, and participate in various cooperative marketing programs.
5
For information regarding risks related to our channels, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including the risk factors entitled “Disruption
of, or changes in, our distribution model could harm our sales and margins” and “Our inventory management relating to our
sales to our two-tier distribution channel is complex, and excess inventory may harm our gross margins.”
For information regarding risks relating to our international operations, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including the risk factors
entitled “Our operating results may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic and market conditions and the uncertain
geopolitical environment;” “Entrance into new or developing markets exposes us to additional competition and will likely
increase demands on our service and support operations;” “Due to the global nature of our operations, political or economic
changes or other factors in a specific country or region could harm our operating results and financial condition;” “We are
exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows;” and
“Man-made problems such as cyber-attacks, data protection breaches, malware or terrorism may disrupt our operations, harm
our operating results and financial condition, and damage our reputation, and cyber-attacks or data protection breaches on our
customers’ networks, in cloud-based services provided by or enabled by us, could result in claims of liability against us, damage
our reputation or otherwise harm our business,” among others.
Our service offerings complement our products through a range of consulting, technical, project, quality, and software
maintenance services, including 24-hour online and telephone support through technical assistance centers.
Financing Arrangements
We provide financing arrangements for certain qualified customers to build, maintain, and upgrade their networks. We believe
customer financing is a competitive advantage in obtaining business, particularly for those customers involved in significant
infrastructure projects. Our financing arrangements include the following:
Sales-type
Direct financing
Operating
Leases:
•
•
•
Loans
Financed service contracts
Channels financing arrangements
End-user financing arrangements
Product Backlog
Our product backlog at July 28, 2018 was approximately $6.6 billion, an increase of 38% year over year. The product backlog
includes orders confirmed for products planned to be shipped within 90 days to customers with approved credit status.
Subscription-based sales arrangements are not included in product backlog. Our cycle time between order and shipment is
generally short and customers occasionally change delivery schedules. Additionally, orders can be canceled without significant
penalties. As a result of these factors, we do not believe that our product backlog, as of any particular date, is necessarily
indicative of actual product revenue for any future period.
Acquisitions, Investments, and Alliances
The markets in which we compete require a wide variety of technologies, products, and capabilities. Our growth strategy is
based on the components of innovation, which we sometimes refer to as “build, buy, partner, invest, and co-develop”. This
five-prong approach to how we innovate can be summarized as follows:
Build
Buy
Partner
Invest
Co-develop Developing new solutions with multi-party teams that may include customers, channel partners, startups,
Working within Cisco, with the developer community, or with customers
Acquiring or divesting, depending on goals
Strategically partnering to further build out the business
Making investments in areas where technology is in its infancy or where there is no dominant technology
independent software vendors, and academics
6
Acquisitions
We have acquired many companies, and we expect to make future acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions of high-technology
companies are inherently risky, especially if the acquired company has yet to generate revenue. No assurance can be given
that our previous or future acquisitions will be successful or will not materially adversely affect our financial condition or
operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products and
technologies to an inability to do so. The risks associated with acquisitions are more fully discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,”
including the risk factor entitled “We have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions that could disrupt our operations
and harm our operating results.”
Investments in Privately Held Companies
We make investments in privately held companies that develop technology or provide services that are complementary to our
products or that provide strategic value. The risks associated with these investments are more fully discussed in “Item 1A. Risk
Factors,” including the risk factor entitled “We are exposed to fluctuations in the market values of our portfolio investments and
in interest rates; impairment of our investments could harm our earnings.”
Strategic Alliances
We pursue strategic alliances with other companies in areas where collaboration can produce industry advancement and
acceleration of new markets. The objectives and goals of a strategic alliance can include one or more of the following: technology
exchange, product development, joint sales and marketing, or new market creation. Companies with which we have added
or expanded strategic alliances during fiscal 2018 and in recent years include Apple, Google, Salesforce.com and Ericsson,
among others.
Companies with which we have strategic alliances in some areas may be competitors in other areas, and in our view this trend
may increase. The risks associated with our strategic alliances are more fully discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including
the risk factor entitled “If we do not successfully manage our strategic alliances, we may not realize the expected benefits from
such alliances, and we may experience increased competition or delays in product development.”
Competition
We compete in the networking and communications equipment markets, providing products and services for transporting data,
voice, and video traffic across intranets, extranets, and the Internet. These markets are characterized by rapid change, converging
technologies, and a migration to networking and communications solutions that offer relative advantages. These market factors
represent both an opportunity, and a competitive threat to us. We compete with numerous vendors in each product category.
The overall number of our competitors providing niche product solutions may increase. Also, the identity and composition
of competitors may change as we increase our activity in our new product markets. As we continue to expand globally, we
may see new competition in different geographic regions. In particular, we have experienced price-focused competition from
competitors in Asia, especially from China, and we anticipate this will continue.
Our competitors include Amazon Web Services LLC; Arista Networks, Inc.; ARRIS Group, Inc.; Check Point Software
Technologies Ltd.; Dell Technologies Inc.; Extreme Networks, Inc.; F5 Networks, Inc.; FireEye, Inc.; Fortinet, Inc.; Hewlett-Packard
Enterprise Company; Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.; Juniper Networks, Inc.; Lenovo Group Limited; Microsoft Corporation;
New Relic, Inc.; Nokia Corporation; Nutanix, Inc.; Palo Alto Networks, Inc.; Symantec Corporation; Ubiquiti Networks and
VMware, Inc.; among others.
Some of these companies compete across many of our product lines, while others are primarily focused in a specific product area.
Barriers to entry are relatively low, and new ventures to create products that do or could compete with our products are regularly
formed. In addition, some of our competitors may have greater resources, including technical and engineering resources, than
we do. As we expand into new markets, we will face competition not only from our existing competitors but also from other
competitors, including existing companies with strong technological, marketing, and sales positions in those markets. We also
sometimes face competition from resellers and distributors of our products. Companies with which we have strategic alliances
in some areas may be competitors in other areas, and in our view this trend may increase. For example, the enterprise data center
is undergoing a fundamental transformation arising from the convergence of technologies, including computing, networking,
storage, and software, that previously were segregated within the data center. Due to several factors, including the availability
of highly scalable and general purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits offering advanced services,
standards-based protocols, cloud computing, and virtualization, the convergence of technologies within the enterprise data
center is spanning multiple, previously independent, technology segments. Also, some of our current and potential competitors
for enterprise data center business have made acquisitions, or announced new strategic alliances, designed to position them to
provide end-to-end technology solutions for the enterprise data center. As a result of all of these developments, we face greater
competition in the development and sale of enterprise data center technologies, including competition from entities that are
7
among our long-term strategic alliance partners. Companies that are strategic alliance partners in some areas of our business
may acquire or form alliances with our competitors, thereby reducing their business with us.
The principal competitive factors in the markets in which we presently compete and may compete in the future include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The ability to sell successful business outcomes
The ability to provide a broad range of networking and communications products and services
Product performance
Price
The ability to introduce new products, including providing continuous new customer value and products with price-
performance advantages
The ability to reduce production costs
The ability to provide value-added features such as security, reliability, and investment protection
Conformance to standards
• Market presence
•
•
The ability to provide financing
Disruptive technology shifts and new business models
We also face competition from customers to which we license or supply technology, and suppliers from which we transfer
technology. The inherent nature of networking requires interoperability. Therefore, we must cooperate and at the same time
compete with many companies. Any inability to effectively manage these complicated relationships with customers, suppliers,
and strategic alliance partners could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition
and accordingly affect our chances of success.
Research and Development
We regularly introduce new products and features to address the requirements of our markets. We allocate our research and
development budget among our product categories, which consist of Infrastructure Platforms, Applications, Security, and Other
Product technologies. Our research and development expenditures were $6.3 billion, $6.1 billion, and $6.3 billion in fiscal
2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. These expenditures are applied generally to all product areas, with specific areas of focus
being identified from time to time. Recent areas of increased focus include our intent-based networking technologies (which
encompasses switching, routing, and wireless technologies within Infrastructure Platforms), security, and analytics products.
Our expenditures for research and development costs were expensed as incurred.
The industry in which we compete is subject to rapid technological developments, evolving standards, changes in customer
requirements, and new product introductions and enhancements. As a result, our success depends in part upon our ability, on a cost-
effective and timely basis, to continue to enhance our existing products and to develop and introduce new products that improve
performance, and reduce total cost of ownership. To achieve these objectives, our management and engineering personnel work
with customers to identify and respond to customer needs, as well as with other innovators of Internet working products, including
universities, laboratories, and corporations. We also expect to continue to make acquisitions and investments, where appropriate,
to provide us with access to new technologies. Nonetheless, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully develop
products to address new customer requirements and technological changes or that those products will achieve market acceptance.
Manufacturing
We rely on contract manufacturers for all of our manufacturing needs. We presently use a variety of independent third-party
companies to provide services related to printed-circuit board assembly, in-circuit test, product repair, and product assembly.
Proprietary software on electronically programmable memory chips is used to configure products that meet customer
requirements and to maintain quality control and security. The manufacturing process enables us to configure the hardware
and software in unique combinations to meet a wide variety of individual customer requirements. The manufacturing process
uses automated testing equipment and burn-in procedures, as well as comprehensive inspection, testing, and statistical process
controls, which are designed to help ensure the quality and reliability of our products. The manufacturing processes and
procedures are generally certified to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 or ISO 9003 standards.
Our arrangements with contract manufacturers generally provide for quality, cost, and delivery requirements, as well as
manufacturing process terms, such as continuity of supply; inventory management; flexibility regarding capacity, quality, and
8
cost management; oversight of manufacturing; and conditions for use of our intellectual property. We have not entered into any
significant long-term contracts with any manufacturing service provider. We generally have the option to renew arrangements
on an as-needed basis. These arrangements generally do not commit us to purchase any particular amount or any quantities
beyond certain amounts covered by orders or forecasts that we submit covering discrete periods of time, defined as less than
one year.
Patents, Intellectual Property, and Licensing
We seek to establish and maintain our proprietary rights in our technology and products through the use of patents, copyrights,
trademarks, and trade secret laws. We have a program to file applications for and obtain patents, copyrights, and trademarks
in the United States and in selected foreign countries where we believe filing for such protection is appropriate. We also
seek to maintain our trade secrets and confidential information by nondisclosure policies and through the use of appropriate
confidentiality agreements. We have obtained a substantial number of patents and trademarks in the United States and in other
countries. There can be no assurance, however, that the rights obtained can be successfully enforced against infringing products
in every jurisdiction. Although we believe the protection afforded by our patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets has
value, the rapidly changing technology in the networking industry and uncertainties in the legal process make our future success
dependent primarily on the innovative skills, technological expertise, and management abilities of our employees rather than on
the protection afforded by patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws.
Many of our products are designed to include software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. While it may
be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of our products, we believe, based upon past
experience and standard industry practice that such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms.
Nonetheless, there can be no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Our inability
to obtain certain licenses or other rights or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation
regarding these matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Moreover, inclusion in our products of software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis
can limit our ability to protect our proprietary rights in our products.
The industry in which we compete is characterized by rapidly changing technology, a large number of patents, and frequent
claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that our patents
and other proprietary rights will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented; that others will not assert intellectual property
rights to technologies that are relevant to us; or that our rights will give us a competitive advantage. In addition, the laws of some
foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. The risks associated
with patents and intellectual property are more fully discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including the risk factors entitled
“Our proprietary rights may prove difficult to enforce,” “We may be found to infringe on intellectual property rights of others,”
and “We rely on the availability of third-party licenses.”
Employees
Employees are summarized as follows (approximate numbers):
Employees by geography:
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rest of world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employees by line item on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Cost of sales (1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1) Cost of sales includes manufacturing support, services, and training.
July 28, 2018
37,800
36,400
74,200
20,200
21,400
25,200
7,400
74,200
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Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following table shows the name, age, and position as of August 31, 2018 of each of our executive officers:
Name
Charles H. Robbins . . . . . . .
Mark Chandler . . . . . . . . . .
Gerri Elliott . . . . . . . . . . . . .
David Goeckeler . . . . . . . . .
Kelly A. Kramer . . . . . . . . .
Maria Martinez . . . . . . . . . .
Irving Tan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Position with the Company
Age
52 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
62 Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer
62 Executive Vice President and Chief Sales and Marketing Officer
56 Executive Vice President and General Manager, Security and Networking Business
51
60 Executive Vice President and Chief Customer Experience Officer
48
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Senior Vice President, Operations
Mr. Robbins has served as Chief Executive Officer since July 2015, as a member of the Board of Directors since May 2015 and
as Chairman of the Board since December 2017. He joined Cisco in December 1997, from which time until March 2002 he held
a number of managerial positions within Cisco’s sales organization. Mr. Robbins was promoted to Vice President in March 2002,
assuming leadership of Cisco’s U.S. channel sales organization. Additionally, in July 2005 he assumed leadership of Cisco’s
Canada channel sales organization. In December 2007, Mr. Robbins was promoted to Senior Vice President, U.S. Commercial,
and in August 2009 he was appointed Senior Vice President, U.S. Enterprise, Commercial and Canada. In July 2011, Mr. Robbins
was named Senior Vice President, Americas. In October 2012, Mr. Robbins was promoted to Senior Vice President, Worldwide
Field Operations, in which position he served until assuming the role of Chief Executive Officer. He is a member of the board
of directors of BlackRock, Inc.
Mr. Chandler joined Cisco in July 1996, upon Cisco’s acquisition of StrataCom, Inc., where he served as General Counsel.
He served as Cisco’s Managing Attorney for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from December 1996 until June 1999; as
Director, Worldwide Legal Operations from June 1999 until February 2001; and was promoted to Vice President, Worldwide
Legal Services in February 2001. In October 2001, Mr. Chandler was promoted to Vice President, Legal Services and General
Counsel, and in May 2003 he additionally was appointed Secretary, a position he held through November 2015. In February 2006,
Mr. Chandler was promoted to Senior Vice President, and in May 2012 he was appointed Chief Compliance Officer. In June
2018, Mr. Chandler was promoted to Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer. Before joining StrataCom, Mr. Chandler
had served as Vice President, Corporate Development and General Counsel of Maxtor Corporation.
Ms. Elliott joined Cisco in April 2018. Ms. Elliott is a former Executive Vice President of Juniper Networks, Inc., where she
served as EVP and Chief Customer Officer from March 2013 to February 2014, EVP and Chief Sales Officer from July 2011 to
March 2013 and EVP, Strategic Alliances from June 2009 to July 2011. Before joining Juniper, Ms. Elliott held a series of senior
executive positions with Microsoft Corporation from 2001-2008 including Corporate Vice President of Microsoft’s Industry
Solutions Group, Worldwide Public Sector and North American Enterprise Sales organizations. Prior to joining Microsoft
Corporation, Ms. Elliott spent 22 years at IBM Corporation, where she held several senior executive positions both in the U.S.
and internationally. Since 2014 Ms. Elliott has served as a director on several public company boards including Whirlpool
Corporation (since 2014), Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc. (2014-17), Imperva, Inc. (2015-18), Marvell Technology Group Ltd.
(2017-18) and Mimecast Ltd. (2017-18), and during this period she also founded and led the development of Broadrooms.com, an
informational resource for executive women who serve or want to serve on corporate boards in the U.S.
Mr. Goeckeler joined Cisco in May 2000, from which time until December 2010 he held a variety of leadership positions
within Cisco’s engineering organization, covering such technology focus areas as voice over IP, mobility, video infrastructure
and networking. In December 2010, Mr. Goeckeler was promoted to Vice President, Engineering, in which his responsibilities
included leading various product and platform-related initiatives within Cisco’s Service Provider Business group. In October 2012,
Mr. Goeckeler assumed leadership of engineering in Cisco’s Security Business, and in November 2014 was promoted to Senior
Vice President. In March 2016 he was elevated to Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Security Business. In
May 2016, Mr. Goeckeler added networking to his oversight responsibilities, assuming the role of Senior Vice President,
Networking and Security Business, and was promoted to Executive Vice President in July 2017. In March 2018, Mr. Goeckeler
assumed the added responsibility for Cisco’s IoT and analytics businesses.
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Ms. Kramer joined Cisco in January 2012 as Senior Vice President, Corporate Finance. She served in that position until October
2014 and served as Cisco’s Senior Vice President, Business Technology and Operations Finance from October 2013 until December
2014. She was appointed to her current position effective January 2015. From January 2009 until she joined Cisco, Ms. Kramer
served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of GE Healthcare Systems. Ms. Kramer served as Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer of GE Healthcare Diagnostic Imaging from August 2007 to January 2009 and as Chief Financial Officer of
GE Healthcare Biosciences from January 2006 to July 2007. Prior to that, Ms. Kramer held various leadership positions with
GE corporate and other GE businesses. She is a member of the board of directors of Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Ms. Martinez joined Cisco in April 2018. Prior to joining Cisco, she served in a variety of senior executive roles at Salesforce.
com, inc. including President, Global Customer Success and Latin America from March 2016 to April 2018; President, Sales
and Customer Success from February 2013 to March 2016; Executive Vice President and Chief Growth Officer from February
2012 to February 2013; and Executive Vice President, Customers for Life from February 2010 to February 2012. Ms. Martinez’s
experience prior to Salesforce includes Corporate Vice President of Worldwide Services at Microsoft Corporation, President and
Chief Executive Officer of Embrace Networks, Inc. and various senior leadership roles at Motorola, Inc. and AT&T Inc./Bell
Laboratories. Ms. Martinez was a member of the board of directors of Plantronics, Inc. from September 2015 to April 2018.
Mr. Tan joined Cisco in December 2005, serving in manager-level and director-level positions within Cisco’s Sales and
Managed Services functions until March 2008, at which time he joined Hewlett Packard Corporation as General Manager of its
Communications and Media Solutions Group in Asia Pacific and Japan. In April 2009, Mr. Tan rejoined Cisco, serving as Sales
Director in charge of Malaysia and Singapore, and in February 2013 he was promoted to Vice President, Sales with responsibility
for the Southeast Asia region. In April 2014, Mr. Tan was promoted to Senior Vice President, Sales with responsibility for
Cisco’s APJ geography. In January 2018, he was promoted to his current position.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other documents we file with the SEC are descriptions of the risks and
uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking
statements contained in this report.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY FLUCTUATE IN FUTURE PERIODS, WHICH MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT
OUR STOCK PRICE
Our operating results have been in the past, and will continue to be, subject to quarterly and annual fluctuations as a result of
numerous factors, some of which may contribute to more pronounced fluctuations in an uncertain global economic environment.
These factors include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fluctuations in demand for our products and services, especially with respect to service providers and Internet
businesses, in part due to changes in the global economic environment
Changes in sales and implementation cycles for our products and reduced visibility into our customers’ spending
plans and associated revenue
Our ability to maintain appropriate inventory levels and purchase commitments
Price and product competition in the communications and networking industries, which can change rapidly due to
technological innovation and different business models from various geographic regions
The overall movement toward industry consolidation among both our competitors and our customers
The introduction and market acceptance of new technologies and products, and our success in new and evolving
markets, and in emerging technologies, as well as the adoption of new standards
The transformation of our business to deliver more software and subscription offerings where revenue is recognized
over time
Variations in sales channels, product costs, mix of products sold, or mix of direct sales and indirect sales
The timing, size, and mix of orders from customers
11
• Manufacturing and customer lead times
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fluctuations in our gross margins, and the factors that contribute to such fluctuations, as described below
The ability of our customers, channel partners, contract manufacturers and suppliers to obtain financing or to fund
capital expenditures, especially during a period of global credit market disruption or in the event of customer, channel
partner, contract manufacturer or supplier financial problems
Actual events, circumstances, outcomes, and amounts differing from judgments, assumptions, and estimates used in
determining the values of certain assets (including the amounts of related valuation allowances), liabilities, and other
items reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements
How well we execute on our strategy and operating plans and the impact of changes in our business model that could
result in significant restructuring charges
Our ability to achieve targeted cost reductions
Benefits anticipated from our investments in engineering, sales, service, and marketing
Changes in tax laws or accounting rules, or interpretations thereof
As a consequence, operating results for a particular future period are difficult to predict, and, therefore, prior results are not
necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods. Any of the foregoing factors, or any other factors discussed
elsewhere herein, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition that could
adversely affect our stock price.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY UNFAVORABLE ECONOMIC AND
MARKET CONDITIONS AND THE UNCERTAIN GEOPOLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Challenging economic conditions worldwide have from time to time contributed, and may continue to contribute, to slowdowns
in the communications and networking industries at large, as well as in specific segments and markets in which we operate,
resulting in:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduced demand for our products as a result of continued constraints on IT-related capital spending by our customers,
particularly service providers, and other customer markets as well
Increased price competition for our products, not only from our competitors but also as a consequence of customers
disposing of unutilized products
Risk of excess and obsolete inventories
Risk of supply constraints
Risk of excess facilities and manufacturing capacity
Higher overhead costs as a percentage of revenue and higher interest expense
The global macroeconomic environment has been challenging and inconsistent. Instability in the global credit markets, the
impact of uncertainty regarding global central bank monetary policy, the instability in the geopolitical environment in many
parts of the world including as a result of the recent United Kingdom “Brexit” referendum to withdraw from the European
Union, the current economic challenges in China, including global economic ramifications of Chinese economic difficulties,
and other disruptions may continue to put pressure on global economic conditions. If global economic and market conditions,
or economic conditions in key markets, remain uncertain or deteriorate further, we may experience material impacts on our
business, operating results, and financial condition.
Our operating results in one or more segments may also be affected by uncertain or changing economic conditions particularly
germane to that segment or to particular customer markets within that segment. For example, emerging countries in the aggregate
experienced a decline in product orders in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, in fiscal 2017 and in certain prior periods.
In addition, reports of certain intelligence gathering methods of the U.S. government could affect customers’ perception of
the products of IT companies which design and manufacture products in the United States. Trust and confidence in us as an
12
IT supplier is critical to the development and growth of our markets. Impairment of that trust, or foreign regulatory actions
taken in response to reports of certain intelligence gathering methods of the U.S. government, could affect the demand for our
products from customers outside of the United States and could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
WE HAVE BEEN INVESTING AND EXPECT TO CONTINUE TO INVEST IN KEY PRIORITY AND GROWTH
AREAS AS WELL AS MAINTAINING LEADERSHIP IN INFRASTRUCTURE PLATFORMS AND IN SERVICES,
AND IF THE RETURN ON THESE INVESTMENTS IS LOWER OR DEVELOPS MORE SLOWLY THAN WE
EXPECT, OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY BE HARMED
We expect to realign and dedicate resources into key priority and growth areas, such as Security and Applications, while also
focusing on maintaining leadership in Infrastructure Platforms and in Services. However, the return on our investments may
be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. If we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments
(including if our selection of areas for investment does not play out as we expect), or if the achievement of these benefits is
delayed, our operating results may be adversely affected.
OUR REVENUE FOR A PARTICULAR PERIOD IS DIFFICULT TO PREDICT, AND A SHORTFALL IN REVENUE
MAY HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS
As a result of a variety of factors discussed in this report, our revenue for a particular quarter is difficult to predict, especially in
light of a challenging and inconsistent global macroeconomic environment and related market uncertainty.
Our revenue may grow at a slower rate than in past periods or decline as it did in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and in fiscal
2017 on a year-over-year basis. Our ability to meet financial expectations could also be adversely affected if the nonlinear sales
pattern seen in some of our past quarters recurs in future periods. We have experienced periods of time during which shipments
have exceeded net bookings or manufacturing issues have delayed shipments, leading to nonlinearity in shipping patterns. In
addition to making it difficult to predict revenue for a particular period, nonlinearity in shipping can increase costs, because
irregular shipment patterns result in periods of underutilized capacity and periods in which overtime expenses may be incurred,
as well as in potential additional inventory management-related costs. In addition, to the extent that manufacturing issues and
any related component shortages result in delayed shipments in the future, and particularly in periods in which our contract
manufacturers are operating at higher levels of capacity, it is possible that revenue for a quarter could be adversely affected if
such matters occur and are not remediated within the same quarter.
The timing of large orders can also have a significant effect on our business and operating results from quarter to quarter, primarily
in the United States and in emerging countries. From time to time, we receive large orders that have a significant effect on our
operating results in the period in which the order is recognized as revenue. The timing of such orders is difficult to predict, and the
timing of revenue recognition from such orders may affect period to period changes in revenue. As a result, our operating results
could vary materially from quarter to quarter based on the receipt of such orders and their ultimate recognition as revenue.
Inventory management remains an area of focus. We have experienced longer than normal manufacturing lead times in the past
which have caused some customers to place the same order multiple times within our various sales channels and to cancel the
duplicative orders upon receipt of the product, or to place orders with other vendors with shorter manufacturing lead times. Such
multiple ordering (along with other factors) or risk of order cancellation may cause difficulty in predicting our revenue and,
as a result, could impair our ability to manage parts inventory effectively. In addition, our efforts to improve manufacturing
lead-time performance may result in corresponding reductions in order backlog. A decline in backlog levels could result in more
variability and less predictability in our quarter-to-quarter revenue and operating results. In addition, when facing component
supply-related challenges we have increased our efforts in procuring components in order to meet customer expectations, which
in turn contribute to an increase in purchase commitments. Increases in our purchase commitments to shorten lead times could
also lead to excess and obsolete inventory charges if the demand for our products is less than our expectations.
We plan our operating expense levels based primarily on forecasted revenue levels. These expenses and the impact of long-term
commitments are relatively fixed in the short term. A shortfall in revenue could lead to operating results being below expectations
because we may not be able to quickly reduce these fixed expenses in response to short-term business changes.
Any of the above factors could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial results.
WE EXPECT GROSS MARGIN TO VARY OVER TIME, AND OUR LEVEL OF PRODUCT GROSS MARGIN
MAY NOT BE SUSTAINABLE
Our product gross margins declined on a year-over-year basis and could decline in future quarters due to adverse impacts from
various factors, including:
•
Changes in customer, geographic, or product mix, including mix of configurations within each product group
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction of new products, including products with price-performance advantages, and new business models
including the transformation of our business to deliver more software and subscription offerings
Our ability to reduce production costs
Entry into new markets or growth in lower margin markets, including markets with different pricing and cost
structures, through acquisitions or internal development
Sales discounts
Increases in material, labor or other manufacturing-related costs, which could be significant especially during
periods of supply constraints such as those impacting the market for memory components
Excess inventory and inventory holding charges
Obsolescence charges
Changes in shipment volume
The timing of revenue recognition and revenue deferrals
Increased cost (including those caused by tariffs), loss of cost savings or dilution of savings due to changes in
component pricing or charges incurred due to inventory holding periods if parts ordering does not correctly anticipate
product demand or if the financial health of either contract manufacturers or suppliers deteriorates
Lower than expected benefits from value engineering
Increased price competition, including competitors from Asia, especially from China
Changes in distribution channels
Increased warranty costs
Increased amortization of purchased intangible assets, especially from acquisitions
How well we execute on our strategy and operating plans
Changes in service gross margin may result from various factors such as changes in the mix between technical support services
and advanced services, as well as the timing of technical support service contract initiations and renewals and the addition of
personnel and other resources to support higher levels of service business in future periods.
SALES TO THE SERVICE PROVIDER MARKET ARE ESPECIALLY VOLATILE, AND WEAKNESS IN
ORDERS FROM THIS INDUSTRY MAY HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
Sales to the service provider market have been characterized by large and sporadic purchases, especially relating to our router
sales and sales of certain other Infrastructure Platforms and Applications products, in addition to longer sales cycles. Although
product orders from the service provider market increased in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, service provider product orders
decreased in the first nine months of fiscal 2018 and in fiscal 2017, and at various times in the past we have experienced
significant weakness in product orders from service providers. Product orders from the service provider market could continue
to decline and, as has been the case in the past, such weakness could persist over extended periods of time given fluctuating
market conditions. Sales activity in this industry depends upon the stage of completion of expanding network infrastructures; the
availability of funding; and the extent to which service providers are affected by regulatory, economic, and business conditions
in the country of operations. Weakness in orders from this industry, including as a result of any slowdown in capital expenditures
by service providers (which may be more prevalent during a global economic downturn, or periods of economic, political or
regulatory uncertainty), could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Such
slowdowns may continue or recur in future periods. Orders from this industry could decline for many reasons other than the
competitiveness of our products and services within their respective markets. For example, in the past, many of our service
provider customers have been materially and adversely affected by slowdowns in the general economy, by overcapacity, by
changes in the service provider market, by regulatory developments, and by constraints on capital availability, resulting in
business failures and substantial reductions in spending and expansion plans. These conditions have materially harmed our
business and operating results in the past, and some of these or other conditions in the service provider market could affect our
14
business and operating results in any future period. Finally, service provider customers typically have longer implementation
cycles; require a broader range of services, including design services; demand that vendors take on a larger share of risks; often
require acceptance provisions, which can lead to a delay in revenue recognition; and expect financing from vendors. All these
factors can add further risk to business conducted with service providers.
DISRUPTION OF OR CHANGES IN OUR DISTRIBUTION MODEL COULD HARM OUR SALES AND MARGINS
If we fail to manage distribution of our products and services properly, or if our distributors’ financial condition or operations
weaken, our revenue and gross margins could be adversely affected.
A substantial portion of our products and services is sold through our channel partners, and the remainder is sold through direct
sales. Our channel partners include systems integrators, service providers, other resellers, and distributors. Systems integrators
and service providers typically sell directly to end users and often provide system installation, technical support, professional
services, and other support services in addition to network equipment sales. Systems integrators also typically integrate our
products into an overall solution, and a number of service providers are also systems integrators. Distributors stock inventory
and typically sell to systems integrators, service providers, and other resellers. We refer to sales through distributors as our
two-tier system of sales to the end customer. Revenue from distributors is generally recognized based on a sell-through method
using information provided by them. These distributors are generally given business terms that allow them to return a portion
of inventory, receive credits for changes in selling prices, and participate in various cooperative marketing programs. If sales
through indirect channels increase, this may lead to greater difficulty in forecasting the mix of our products and, to a degree,
the timing of orders from our customers.
Historically, we have seen fluctuations in our gross margins based on changes in the balance of our distribution channels.
Although variability to date has not been significant, there can be no assurance that changes in the balance of our distribution
model in future periods would not have an adverse effect on our gross margins and profitability.
Some factors could result in disruption of or changes in our distribution model, which could harm our sales and margins,
including the following:
• We compete with some of our channel partners, including through our direct sales, which may lead these channel
partners to use other suppliers that do not directly sell their own products or otherwise compete with them
•
•
•
Some of our channel partners may demand that we absorb a greater share of the risks that their customers may ask
them to bear
Some of our channel partners may have insufficient financial resources and may not be able to withstand changes
and challenges in business conditions
Revenue from indirect sales could suffer if our distributors’ financial condition or operations weaken
In addition, we depend on our channel partners globally to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. To the extent that
they fail to do so, that could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Further,
sales of our products outside of agreed territories can result in disruption to our distribution channels.
THE MARKETS IN WHICH WE COMPETE ARE INTENSELY COMPETITIVE, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY
AFFECT OUR ACHIEVEMENT OF REVENUE GROWTH
The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapid change, converging technologies, and a migration to networking
and communications solutions that offer relative advantages. These market factors represent a competitive threat to us. We
compete with numerous vendors in each product category. The overall number of our competitors providing niche product
solutions may increase. Also, the identity and composition of competitors may change as we increase our activity in newer
product areas, and in key priority and growth areas. For example, as products related to network programmability, such as SDN
products, become more prevalent, we expect to face increased competition from companies that develop networking products
based on commoditized hardware, referred to as “white box” hardware, to the extent customers decide to purchase those product
offerings instead of ours. In addition, the growth in demand for technology delivered as a service enables new competitors to
enter the market.
As we continue to expand globally, we may see new competition in different geographic regions. In particular, we have
experienced price-focused competition from competitors in Asia, especially from China, and we anticipate this will continue.
For information regarding our competitors, see the section entitled “Competition” contained in Item 1. Business of this report.
15
Some of our competitors compete across many of our product lines, while others are primarily focused in a specific product area.
Barriers to entry are relatively low, and new ventures to create products that do or could compete with our products are regularly
formed. In addition, some of our competitors may have greater resources, including technical and engineering resources, than
we do. As we expand into new markets, we will face competition not only from our existing competitors but also from other
competitors, including existing companies with strong technological, marketing, and sales positions in those markets. We also
sometimes face competition from resellers and distributors of our products. Companies with which we have strategic alliances
in some areas may be competitors in other areas, and in our view this trend may increase.
For example, the enterprise data center is undergoing a fundamental transformation arising from the convergence of technologies,
including computing, networking, storage, and software, that previously were segregated. Due to several factors, including
the availability of highly scalable and general purpose microprocessors, ASICs offering advanced services, standards based
protocols, cloud computing and virtualization, the convergence of technologies within the enterprise data center is spanning
multiple, previously independent, technology segments. Also, some of our current and potential competitors for enterprise data
center business have made acquisitions, or announced new strategic alliances, designed to position them to provide end-to-end
technology solutions for the enterprise data center. As a result of all of these developments, we face greater competition in the
development and sale of enterprise data center technologies, including competition from entities that are among our long-term
strategic alliance partners. Companies that are strategic alliance partners in some areas of our business may acquire or form
alliances with our competitors, thereby reducing their business with us.
The principal competitive factors in the markets in which we presently compete and may compete in the future include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The ability to sell successful business outcomes
The ability to provide a broad range of networking and communications products and services
Product performance
Price
The ability to introduce new products, including providing continuous new customer value and products with price-
performance advantages
The ability to reduce production costs
The ability to provide value-added features such as security, reliability, and investment protection
Conformance to standards
• Market presence
•
•
The ability to provide financing
Disruptive technology shifts and new business models
We also face competition from customers to which we license or supply technology and suppliers from which we transfer
technology. The inherent nature of networking requires interoperability. As such, we must cooperate and at the same time
compete with many companies. Any inability to effectively manage these complicated relationships with customers, suppliers,
and strategic alliance partners could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition
and accordingly affect our chances of success.
OUR INVENTORY MANAGEMENT RELATING TO OUR SALES TO OUR TWO-TIER DISTRIBUTION
CHANNEL IS COMPLEX, AND EXCESS INVENTORY MAY HARM OUR GROSS MARGINS
We must manage our inventory relating to sales to our distributors effectively, because inventory held by them could affect our
results of operations. Our distributors may increase orders during periods of product shortages, cancel orders if their inventory
is too high, or delay orders in anticipation of new products. They also may adjust their orders in response to the supply of our
products and the products of our competitors that are available to them, and in response to seasonal fluctuations in end-user
demand. Revenue to our distributors generally is recognized based on a sell-through method using information provided by
them, and they are generally given business terms that allow them to return a portion of inventory, receive credits for changes
in selling price, and participate in various cooperative marketing programs. Inventory management remains an area of focus
as we balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of inventory
16
obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements. When facing component supply-related
challenges, we have increased our efforts in procuring components in order to meet customer expectations. If we ultimately
determine that we have excess inventory, we may have to reduce our prices and write down inventory, which in turn could result
in lower gross margins.
SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES, INCLUDING FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS OR
COMPONENT SUPPLIERS, OR A SHORTAGE OF ADEQUATE COMPONENT SUPPLY OR MANUFACTURING
CAPACITY THAT INCREASED OUR COSTS OR CAUSED A DELAY IN OUR ABILITY TO FULFILL
ORDERS, COULD HAVE AN ADVERSE IMPACT ON OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATING RESULTS,
AND OUR FAILURE TO ESTIMATE CUSTOMER DEMAND PROPERLY MAY RESULT IN EXCESS OR
OBSOLETE COMPONENT SUPPLY, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR GROSS MARGINS
The fact that we do not own or operate the bulk of our manufacturing facilities and that we are reliant on our extended supply
chain could have an adverse impact on the supply of our products and on our business and operating results:
•
•
•
Any financial problems of either contract manufacturers or component suppliers could either limit supply or increase
costs
Reservation of manufacturing capacity at our contract manufacturers by other companies, inside or outside of our
industry, could either limit supply or increase costs
Industry consolidation occurring within one or more component supplier markets, such as the semiconductor market,
could either limit supply or increase costs
A reduction or interruption in supply; a significant increase in the price of one or more components; a failure to adequately
authorize procurement of inventory by our contract manufacturers; a failure to appropriately cancel, reschedule, or adjust our
requirements based on our business needs; or a decrease in demand for our products could materially adversely affect our
business, operating results, and financial condition and could materially damage customer relationships. Furthermore, as a result
of binding price or purchase commitments with suppliers, we may be obligated to purchase components at prices that are higher
than those available in the current market. In the event that we become committed to purchase components at prices in excess of
the current market price when the components are actually used, our gross margins could decrease. We have experienced longer
than normal lead times in the past. Although we have generally secured additional supply or taken other mitigation actions when
significant disruptions have occurred, if similar situations occur in the future, they could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, and financial condition. See the risk factor above entitled “Our revenue for a particular period is
difficult to predict, and a shortfall in revenue may harm our operating results.”
Our growth and ability to meet customer demands depend in part on our ability to obtain timely deliveries of parts from our
suppliers and contract manufacturers. We have experienced component shortages in the past, including shortages caused by
manufacturing process issues, that have affected our operations. We may in the future experience a shortage of certain component
parts as a result of our own manufacturing issues, manufacturing issues at our suppliers or contract manufacturers, capacity
problems experienced by our suppliers or contract manufacturers including capacity or cost problems resulting from industry
consolidation, or strong demand in the industry for those parts. Growth in the economy is likely to create greater pressures on us
and our suppliers to accurately project overall component demand and component demands within specific product categories and
to establish optimal component levels and manufacturing capacity, especially for labor-intensive components, components for
which we purchase a substantial portion of the supply, or the re-ramping of manufacturing capacity for highly complex products.
During periods of shortages or delays the price of components may increase, or the components may not be available at all, and
we may also encounter shortages if we do not accurately anticipate our needs. We may not be able to secure enough components
at reasonable prices or of acceptable quality to build new products in a timely manner in the quantities or configurations needed.
Accordingly, our revenue and gross margins could suffer until other sources can be developed. Our operating results would also
be adversely affected if, anticipating greater demand than actually develops, we commit to the purchase of more components
than we need, which is more likely to occur in a period of demand uncertainties such as we are currently experiencing. There
can be no assurance that we will not encounter these problems in the future. Although in many cases we use standard parts and
components for our products, certain components are presently available only from a single source or limited sources, and a
global economic downturn and related market uncertainty could negatively impact the availability of components from one or
more of these sources, especially during times such as we have recently seen when there are supplier constraints based on labor
and other actions taken during economic downturns. We may not be able to diversify sources in a timely manner, which could
harm our ability to deliver products to customers and seriously impact present and future sales.
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We believe that we may be faced with the following challenges in the future:
•
•
New markets in which we participate may grow quickly, which may make it difficult to quickly obtain significant
component capacity
As we acquire companies and new technologies, we may be dependent, at least initially, on unfamiliar supply chains
or relatively small supply partners
• We face competition for certain components that are supply-constrained, from existing competitors, and companies
in other markets
Manufacturing capacity and component supply constraints could continue to be significant issues for us. We purchase components
from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. During
the normal course of business, in order to improve manufacturing lead-time performance and to help ensure adequate component
supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based
upon criteria as defined by us or that establish the parameters defining our requirements. In certain instances, these agreements
allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being
placed. When facing component supply-related challenges we have increased our efforts in procuring components in order
to meet customer expectations, which in turn contributes to an increase in purchase commitments. Increases in our purchase
commitments to shorten lead times could also lead to excess and obsolete inventory charges if the demand for our products is less
than our expectations. If we fail to anticipate customer demand properly, an oversupply of parts could result in excess or obsolete
components that could adversely affect our gross margins. For additional information regarding our purchase commitments with
contract manufacturers and suppliers, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
WE DEPEND UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS AND ENHANCEMENTS TO EXISTING
PRODUCTS, AND IF WE FAIL TO PREDICT AND RESPOND TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL
TRENDS AND CUSTOMERS’ CHANGING NEEDS, OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND MARKET SHARE
MAY SUFFER
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, new product
introductions, and evolving methods of building and operating networks. Our operating results depend on our ability to develop
and introduce new products into existing and emerging markets and to reduce the production costs of existing products. Many of
our strategic initiatives and investments we have made, and our architectural approach, are designed to enable the increased use of
the network as the platform for automating, orchestrating, integrating, and delivering an ever-increasing array of IT-based products
and services. For example, in June 2017 we announced our Catalyst 9000 series of switches which represent the initial foundation
of our intent-based networking capabilities. Other current initiatives include our focus on security; the market transition related to
digital transformation and IoT; the transition in cloud; and the move towards more programmable, flexible and virtual networks.
The process of developing new technology, including intent-based networking, more programmable, flexible and virtual networks,
and technology related to other market transitions— such as security, digital transformation and IoT, and cloud— is complex and
uncertain, and if we fail to accurately predict customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends our business could
be harmed. We must commit significant resources, including the investments we have been making in our priorities to developing
new products before knowing whether our investments will result in products the market will accept. In particular, if our model of
the evolution of networking does not emerge as we believe it will, or if the industry does not evolve as we believe it will, or if our
strategy for addressing this evolution is not successful, many of our strategic initiatives and investments may be of no or limited
value. For example, if we do not introduce products related to network programmability, such as software-defined-networking
products, in a timely fashion, or if product offerings in this market that ultimately succeed are based on technology, or an approach
to technology, that differs from ours, such as, for example, networking products based on “white box” hardware, our business
could be harmed. Similarly, our business could be harmed if we fail to develop, or fail to develop in a timely fashion, offerings to
address other transitions, or if the offerings addressing these other transitions that ultimately succeed are based on technology, or an
approach to technology, different from ours. In addition, our business could be adversely affected in periods surrounding our new
product introductions if customers delay purchasing decisions to qualify or otherwise evaluate the new product offerings.
Our strategy is to lead our customers in their digital transition with solutions that deliver greater agility, productivity, security
and other advanced network capabilities, and that intelligently connect nearly everything that can be connected. Over the last
few years, we have been transforming our business to move from selling individual products and services to selling products and
services integrated into architectures and solutions, and we are seeking to meet the evolving needs of customers which include
offering our products and solutions in the manner in which customers wish to consume them. As a part of this transformation,
we continue to make changes to how we are organized and how we build and deliver our technology, including changes in our
business models with customers. If our strategy for addressing our customer needs, or the architectures and solutions we develop
18
do not meet those needs, or the changes we are making in how we are organized and how we build and deliver or technology is
incorrect or ineffective, our business could be harmed.
Furthermore, we may not execute successfully on our vision or strategy because of challenges with regard to product planning
and timing, technical hurdles that we fail to overcome in a timely fashion, or a lack of appropriate resources. This could result in
competitors, some of which may also be our strategic alliance partners, providing those solutions before we do and loss of market
share, revenue, and earnings. In addition, the growth in demand for technology delivered as a service enables new competitors to
enter the market. The success of new products depends on several factors, including proper new product definition, component
costs, timely completion and introduction of these products, differentiation of new products from those of our competitors, and
market acceptance of these products. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify new product opportunities,
develop and bring new products to market in a timely manner, or achieve market acceptance of our products or that products
and technologies developed by others will not render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. The products
and technologies in our other product categories and key priority and growth areas may not prove to have the market success we
anticipate, and we may not successfully identify and invest in other emerging or new products.
CHANGES IN INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKET CONDITIONS COULD LEAD TO CHARGES
RELATED TO DISCONTINUANCES OF CERTAIN OF OUR PRODUCTS OR BUSINESSES, ASSET
IMPAIRMENTS AND WORKFORCE REDUCTIONS OR RESTRUCTURINGS
In response to changes in industry and market conditions, we may be required to strategically realign our resources and to
consider restructuring, disposing of, or otherwise exiting businesses. Any resource realignment, or decision to limit investment
in or dispose of or otherwise exit businesses, may result in the recording of special charges, such as inventory and technology-
related write-offs, workforce reduction or restructuring costs, charges relating to consolidation of excess facilities, or claims
from third parties who were resellers or users of discontinued products. Our estimates with respect to the useful life or ultimate
recoverability of our carrying basis of assets, including purchased intangible assets, could change as a result of such assessments
and decisions. Although in certain instances our supply agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our
requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed, our loss contingencies may include liabilities for
contracts that we cannot cancel with contract manufacturers and suppliers. Further, our estimates relating to the liabilities for
excess facilities are affected by changes in real estate market conditions. Additionally, we are required to perform goodwill
impairment tests on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances, and future goodwill impairment tests
may result in a charge to earnings.
We initiated a restructuring plan in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The implementation of this restructuring plan may be
disruptive to our business, and following completion of the restructuring plan our business may not be more efficient or effective
than prior to implementation of the plan. Our restructuring activities, including any related charges and the impact of the related
headcount restructurings, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
OVER THE LONG TERM WE INTEND TO INVEST IN ENGINEERING, SALES, SERVICE AND MARKETING
ACTIVITIES, AND THESE INVESTMENTS MAY ACHIEVE DELAYED, OR LOWER THAN EXPECTED,
BENEFITS WHICH COULD HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS
While we intend to focus on managing our costs and expenses, over the long term, we also intend to invest in personnel and other
resources related to our engineering, sales, service and marketing functions as we realign and dedicate resources on key priority
and growth areas, such as Security and Applications, and we also intend to focus on maintaining leadership in Infrastructure
Platforms and in Services. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than some of the
anticipated benefits, and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect. If we do
not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, or if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, our operating
results may be adversely affected.
OUR BUSINESS SUBSTANTIALLY DEPENDS UPON THE CONTINUED GROWTH OF THE INTERNET
AND INTERNET-BASED SYSTEMS
A substantial portion of our business and revenue depends on growth and evolution of the Internet, including the continued
development of the Internet and the anticipated market transitions, and on the deployment of our products by customers who
depend on such continued growth and evolution. To the extent that an economic slowdown or uncertainty and related reduction
in capital spending adversely affect spending on Internet infrastructure, including spending or investment related to anticipated
market transitions, we could experience material harm to our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Because of the rapid introduction of new products and changing customer requirements related to matters such as cost-
effectiveness and security, we believe that there could be performance problems with Internet communications in the future,
which could receive a high degree of publicity and visibility. Because we are a large supplier of networking products, our
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business, operating results, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected, regardless of whether or not these
problems are due to the performance of our own products. Such an event could also result in a material adverse effect on the
market price of our common stock independent of direct effects on our business.
WE HAVE MADE AND EXPECT TO CONTINUE TO MAKE ACQUISITIONS THAT COULD DISRUPT OUR
OPERATIONS AND HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS
Our growth depends upon market growth, our ability to enhance our existing products, and our ability to introduce new products on
a timely basis. We intend to continue to address the need to develop new products and enhance existing products through acquisitions
of other companies, product lines, technologies, and personnel. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:
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Difficulties in integrating the operations, systems, technologies, products, and personnel of the acquired companies,
particularly companies with large and widespread operations and/or complex products
Diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business and the challenges of managing
larger and more widespread operations resulting from acquisitions
Potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process research and development intangibles
Difficulties in entering markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors in such
markets have stronger market positions
Initial dependence on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners
Insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions
The potential loss of key employees, customers, distributors, vendors and other business partners of the companies
we acquire following and continuing after announcement of acquisition plans
Acquisitions may also cause us to:
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Issue common stock that would dilute our current shareholders’ percentage ownership
Use a substantial portion of our cash resources, or incur debt
Significantly increase our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay
for an acquisition
Assume liabilities
Record goodwill and intangible assets that are subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic
impairment charges
Incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets
Incur tax expenses related to the effect of acquisitions on our legal structure
Incur large and immediate write-offs and restructuring and other related expenses
Become subject to intellectual property or other litigation
Mergers and acquisitions of high-technology companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control,
and no assurance can be given that our previous or future acquisitions will be successful and will not materially adversely
affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could
materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful
introduction of new products and technologies to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has already developed and
marketed products, there can be no assurance that product enhancements will be made in a timely fashion or that pre-acquisition
due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products.
From time to time, we have made acquisitions that resulted in charges in an individual quarter. These charges may occur in
any particular quarter, resulting in variability in our quarterly earnings. In addition, our effective tax rate for future periods
is uncertain and could be impacted by mergers and acquisitions. Risks related to new product development also apply to
acquisitions. See the risk factors above, including the risk factor entitled “We depend upon the development of new products
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and enhancements to existing products, and if we fail to predict and respond to emerging technological trends and customers’
changing needs, our operating results and market share may suffer” for additional information.
ENTRANCE INTO NEW OR DEVELOPING MARKETS EXPOSES US TO ADDITIONAL COMPETITION AND
WILL LIKELY INCREASE DEMANDS ON OUR SERVICE AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS
As we focus on new market opportunities and key priority and growth areas, we will increasingly compete with large
telecommunications equipment suppliers as well as startup companies. Several of our competitors may have greater resources,
including technical and engineering resources, than we do. Additionally, as customers in these markets complete infrastructure
deployments, they may require greater levels of service, support, and financing than we have provided in the past, especially in
emerging countries. Demand for these types of service, support, or financing contracts may increase in the future. There can be
no assurance that we can provide products, service, support, and financing to effectively compete for these market opportunities.
Further, provision of greater levels of services, support and financing by us may result in a delay in the timing of revenue
recognition. In addition, entry into other markets has subjected and will subject us to additional risks, particularly to those
markets, including the effects of general market conditions and reduced consumer confidence. For example, as we add direct
selling capabilities globally to meet changing customer demands, we will face increased legal and regulatory requirements.
INDUSTRY CONSOLIDATION MAY LEAD TO INCREASED COMPETITION AND MAY HARM OUR
OPERATING RESULTS
There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years. We expect this trend to continue as companies
attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue
operations. For example, some of our current and potential competitors for enterprise data center business have made acquisitions,
or announced new strategic alliances, designed to position them with the ability to provide end-to-end technology solutions for the
enterprise data center. Companies that are strategic alliance partners in some areas of our business may acquire or form alliances with
our competitors, thereby reducing their business with us. We believe that industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors
that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in our operating results and
could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Furthermore, particularly in the
service provider market, rapid consolidation will lead to fewer customers, with the effect that loss of a major customer could have
a material impact on results not anticipated in a customer marketplace composed of more numerous participants.
PRODUCT QUALITY PROBLEMS COULD LEAD TO REDUCED REVENUE, GROSS MARGINS, AND
NET INCOME
We produce highly complex products that incorporate leading-edge technology, including both hardware and software. Software
typically contains bugs that can unexpectedly interfere with expected operations. There can be no assurance that our pre-shipment
testing programs will be adequate to detect all defects, either ones in individual products or ones that could affect numerous
shipments, which might interfere with customer satisfaction, reduce sales opportunities, or affect gross margins. From time to time,
we have had to replace certain components and provide remediation in response to the discovery of defects or bugs in products that
we had shipped. There can be no assurance that such remediation, depending on the product involved, would not have a material
impact. An inability to cure a product defect could result in the failure of a product line, temporary or permanent withdrawal from
a product or market, damage to our reputation, inventory costs, or product reengineering expenses, any of which could have a
material impact on our revenue, margins, and net income. For example, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 we recorded a charge to
product cost of sales of $125 million related to the expected remediation costs for anticipated failures in future periods of a widely-
used component sourced from a third party which is included in several of our products, and in the second quarter of fiscal 2014
we recorded a pre-tax charge of $655 million related to the expected remediation costs for certain products sold in prior fiscal years
containing memory components manufactured by a single supplier between 2005 and 2010.
DUE TO THE GLOBAL NATURE OF OUR OPERATIONS, POLITICAL OR ECONOMIC CHANGES OR
OTHER FACTORS IN A SPECIFIC COUNTRY OR REGION COULD HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND
FINANCIAL CONDITION
We conduct significant sales and customer support operations in countries around the world. As such, our growth depends in
part on our increasing sales into emerging countries. We also depend on non-U.S. operations of our contract manufacturers,
component suppliers and distribution partners. Emerging countries in the aggregate experienced a decline in orders in the first
quarter of fiscal 2018, in fiscal 2017 and in certain prior periods. We continue to assess the sustainability of any improvements
in these countries and there can be no assurance that our investments in these countries will be successful. Our future results
could be materially adversely affected by a variety of political, economic or other factors relating to our operations inside and
outside the United States, including impacts from global central bank monetary policy; issues related to the political relationship
between the United States and other countries that can affect the willingness of customers in those countries to purchase
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products from companies headquartered in the United States; and the challenging and inconsistent global macroeconomic
environment, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, including,
among others, the following:
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Foreign currency exchange rates
Political or social unrest
Economic instability or weakness or natural disasters in a specific country or region, including the current economic
challenges in China and global economic ramifications of Chinese economic difficulties; instability as a result of
Brexit; environmental protection measures, trade protection measures such as tariffs, and other legal and regulatory
requirements, some of which may affect our ability to import our products, to export our products from, or sell our
products in various countries
Political considerations that affect service provider and government spending patterns
Health or similar issues, such as a pandemic or epidemic
Difficulties in staffing and managing international operations
Adverse tax consequences, including imposition of withholding or other taxes on our global operations
WE ARE EXPOSED TO THE CREDIT RISK OF SOME OF OUR CUSTOMERS AND TO CREDIT EXPOSURES
IN WEAKENED MARKETS, WHICH COULD RESULT IN MATERIAL LOSSES
Most of our sales are on an open credit basis, with typical payment terms of 30 days in the United States and, because of local
customs or conditions, longer in some markets outside the United States. We monitor individual customer payment capability
in granting such open credit arrangements, seek to limit such open credit to amounts we believe the customers can pay, and
maintain reserves we believe are adequate to cover exposure for doubtful accounts. Beyond our open credit arrangements,
we have also experienced demands for customer financing and facilitation of leasing arrangements. We expect demand for
customer financing to continue, and recently we have been experiencing an increase in this demand as the credit markets have
been impacted by the challenging and inconsistent global macroeconomic environment, including increased demand from
customers in certain emerging countries.
We believe customer financing is a competitive factor in obtaining business, particularly in serving customers involved in
significant infrastructure projects. Our loan financing arrangements may include not only financing the acquisition of our
products and services but also providing additional funds for other costs associated with network installation and integration of
our products and services.
Our exposure to the credit risks relating to our financing activities described above may increase if our customers are adversely
affected by a global economic downturn or periods of economic uncertainty. Although we have programs in place that are
designed to monitor and mitigate the associated risk, including monitoring of particular risks in certain geographic areas, there
can be no assurance that such programs will be effective in reducing our credit risks.
In the past, there have been significant bankruptcies among customers both on open credit and with loan or lease financing
arrangements, particularly among Internet businesses and service providers, causing us to incur economic or financial losses.
There can be no assurance that additional losses will not be incurred. Although these losses have not been material to date,
future losses, if incurred, could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial
condition. A portion of our sales is derived through our distributors. These distributors are generally given business terms that
allow them to return a portion of inventory, receive credits for changes in selling prices, and participate in various cooperative
marketing programs. We maintain estimated accruals and allowances for such business terms. However, distributors tend to
have more limited financial resources than other resellers and end-user customers and therefore represent potential sources of
increased credit risk, because they may be more likely to lack the reserve resources to meet payment obligations. Additionally,
to the degree that turmoil in the credit markets makes it more difficult for some customers to obtain financing, those customers’
ability to pay could be adversely impacted, which in turn could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating
results, and financial condition.
WE ARE EXPOSED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN THE MARKET VALUES OF OUR PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS
AND IN INTEREST RATES; IMPAIRMENT OF OUR INVESTMENTS COULD HARM OUR EARNINGS
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. These securities are generally classified as
available-for-sale and, consequently, are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or
losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Our portfolio includes fixed
income securities and equity investments in publicly traded companies, the values of which are subject to market price volatility
to the extent unhedged. If such investments suffer market price declines, as we experienced with some of our investments in
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the past, we may recognize in earnings the decline in the fair value of our investments below their cost basis when the decline
is judged to be other than temporary. For information regarding the sensitivity of and risks associated with the market value of
portfolio investments and interest rates, refer to the section titled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Our investments in private companies are subject to risk of loss of investment capital. These investments are inherently risky
because the markets for the technologies or products they have under development are typically in the early stages and may never
materialize. We could lose our entire investment in these companies.
WE ARE EXPOSED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES THAT COULD NEGATIVELY
IMPACT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS AND CASH FLOWS
Because a significant portion of our business is conducted outside the United States, we face exposure to adverse movements in
foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve, and they could have a material
adverse impact on our financial results and cash flows. Historically, our primary exposures have related to nondollar-denominated
sales in Japan, Canada, and Australia and certain nondollar-denominated operating expenses and service cost of sales in Europe,
Latin America, and Asia, where we sell primarily in U.S. dollars. Additionally, we have exposures to emerging market currencies,
which can have extreme currency volatility. An increase in the value of the dollar could increase the real cost to our customers of
our products in those markets outside the United States where we sell in dollars and a weakened dollar could increase the cost of
local operating expenses and procurement of raw materials to the extent that we must purchase components in foreign currencies.
Currently, we enter into foreign exchange forward contracts and options to reduce the short-term impact of foreign currency
fluctuations on certain foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables. In addition, we periodically hedge anticipated
foreign currency cash flows. Our attempts to hedge against these risks may result in an adverse impact on our net income.
OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS MAY PROVE DIFFICULT TO ENFORCE
We generally rely on patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secret laws to establish and maintain proprietary rights in our
technology and products. Although we have been issued numerous patents and other patent applications are currently pending,
there can be no assurance that any of these patents or other proprietary rights will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented
or that our rights will, in fact, provide competitive advantages to us. Furthermore, many key aspects of networking technology
are governed by industrywide standards, which are usable by all market entrants. In addition, there can be no assurance that
patents will be issued from pending applications or that claims allowed on any patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our
technology. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the
laws of the United States. The outcome of any actions taken in these foreign countries may be different than if such actions were
determined under the laws of the United States. Although we are not dependent on any individual patents or group of patents for
particular segments of the business for which we compete, if we are unable to protect our proprietary rights to the totality of the
features (including aspects of products protected other than by patent rights) in a market, we may find ourselves at a competitive
disadvantage to others who need not incur the substantial expense, time, and effort required to create innovative products that
have enabled us to be successful.
WE MAY BE FOUND TO INFRINGE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF OTHERS
Third parties, including customers, have in the past and may in the future assert claims or initiate litigation related to exclusive
patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are relevant to us.
These assertions have increased over time as a result of our growth and the general increase in the pace of patent claims assertions,
particularly in the United States. Because of the existence of a large number of patents in the networking field, the secrecy of some
pending patents, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is not economically practical or even possible to determine in
advance whether a product or any of its components infringes or will infringe on the patent rights of others. The asserted claims
and/or initiated litigation can include claims against us or our manufacturers, suppliers, or customers, alleging infringement of their
proprietary rights with respect to our existing or future products or components of those products. Regardless of the merit of these
claims, they can be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us
to develop a non-infringing technology or enter into license agreements. Where claims are made by customers, resistance even to
unmeritorious claims could damage customer relationships. There can be no assurance that licenses will be available on acceptable
terms and conditions, if at all, or that our indemnification by our suppliers will be adequate to cover our costs if a claim were
brought directly against us or our customers. Furthermore, because of the potential for high court awards that are not necessarily
predictable, it is not unusual to find even arguably unmeritorious claims settled for significant amounts. If any infringement or
other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, if we are required to indemnify a customer
with respect to a claim against the customer, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights
on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially
and adversely affected. For additional information regarding our indemnification obligations, see Note 12(g) to the Consolidated
Financial Statements contained in this report.
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Our exposure to risks associated with the use of intellectual property may be increased as a result of acquisitions, as we
have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to such technology or the care taken to safeguard
against infringement risks. Further, in the past, third parties have made infringement and similar claims after we have acquired
technology that had not been asserted prior to our acquisition.
WE RELY ON THE AVAILABILITY OF THIRD-PARTY LICENSES
Many of our products are designed to include software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. It may be
necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of these products. There can be no assurance that
the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The inability to obtain certain licenses or other rights
or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation regarding these matters, could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Moreover, the inclusion in our products of
software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to protect our
proprietary rights in our products.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED AND DAMAGE TO OUR REPUTATION MAY
OCCUR DUE TO PRODUCTION AND SALE OF COUNTERFEIT VERSIONS OF OUR PRODUCTS
As is the case with leading products around the world, our products are subject to efforts by third parties to produce counterfeit
versions of our products. While we work diligently with law enforcement authorities in various countries to block the manufacture
of counterfeit goods and to interdict their sale, and to detect counterfeit products in customer networks, and have succeeded in
prosecuting counterfeiters and their distributors, resulting in fines, imprisonment and restitution to us, there can be no guarantee
that such efforts will succeed. While counterfeiters often aim their sales at customers who might not have otherwise purchased
our products due to lack of verifiability of origin and service, such counterfeit sales, to the extent they replace otherwise
legitimate sales, could adversely affect our operating results.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS COULD BE MATERIALLY HARMED BY
UNCERTAINTIES OF REGULATION OF THE INTERNET
Currently, few laws or regulations apply directly to access or commerce on the Internet. We could be materially adversely
affected by regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce in any country where we operate. Such regulations could include
matters such as voice over the Internet or using IP, encryption technology, sales or other taxes on Internet product or service
sales, and access charges for Internet service providers. The adoption of regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce could
decrease demand for our products and, at the same time, increase the cost of selling our products, which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
CHANGES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION AND TARIFFS COULD HARM OUR PROSPECTS AND
FUTURE SALES
Changes in telecommunications requirements, or regulatory requirements in other industries in which we operate, in the United
States or other countries could affect the sales of our products. In particular, we believe that there may be future changes in U.S.
telecommunications regulations that could slow the expansion of the service providers’ network infrastructures and materially
adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition, including “net neutrality” rules to the extent they
impact decisions on investment in network infrastructure.
Future changes in tariffs by regulatory agencies or application of tariff requirements to currently untariffed services could affect
the sales of our products for certain classes of customers. Additionally, in the United States, our products must comply with
various requirements and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission and other regulatory authorities. In countries
outside of the United States, our products must meet various requirements of local telecommunications and other industry
authorities. Changes in tariffs or failure by us to obtain timely approval of products could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, and financial condition.
FAILURE TO RETAIN AND RECRUIT KEY PERSONNEL WOULD HARM OUR ABILITY TO MEET
KEY OBJECTIVES
Our success has always depended in large part on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial, sales, and
marketing personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, especially in the Silicon Valley area of Northern California.
Stock incentive plans are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions and provide incentives for them to
remain with us. Volatility or lack of positive performance in our stock price or equity incentive awards, or changes to our
overall compensation program, including our stock incentive program, resulting from the management of share dilution and
share-based compensation expense or otherwise, may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees. As a result of
one or more of these factors, we may increase our hiring in geographic areas outside the United States, which could subject us
to additional geopolitical and exchange rate risk. The loss of services of any of our key personnel; the inability to retain and
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attract qualified personnel in the future; or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly engineering and sales personnel,
could make it difficult to meet key objectives, such as timely and effective product introductions. In addition, companies in our
industry whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that competitors have engaged in improper hiring
practices. We have received these claims in the past and may receive additional claims to this effect in the future.
ADVERSE RESOLUTION OF LITIGATION OR GOVERNMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS MAY HARM OUR
OPERATING RESULTS OR FINANCIAL CONDITION
We are a party to lawsuits in the normal course of our business. Litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal
business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. For example, Brazilian authorities
have investigated our Brazilian subsidiary and certain of its former employees, as well as a Brazilian importer of our products,
and its affiliates and employees, relating to alleged evasion of import taxes and alleged improper transactions involving the
subsidiary and the importer. Brazilian tax authorities have assessed claims against our Brazilian subsidiary based on a theory
of joint liability with the Brazilian importer for import taxes, interest, and penalties. The asserted claims by Brazilian federal
tax authorities which remain are for calendar years 2003 through 2007, and the asserted claims by the tax authorities from
the state of Sao Paulo are for calendar years 2005 through 2007. The total asserted claims by Brazilian state and federal tax
authorities aggregate to $218 million for the alleged evasion of import and other taxes, $1.4 billion for interest, and $1.0 billion
for various penalties, all determined using an exchange rate as of July 28, 2018. We have completed a thorough review of the
matters and believe the asserted claims against our Brazilian subsidiary are without merit, and we are defending the claims
vigorously. While we believe there is no legal basis for the alleged liability, due to the complexities and uncertainty surrounding
the judicial process in Brazil and the nature of the claims asserting joint liability with the importer, we are unable to determine
the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome against our Brazilian subsidiary and are unable to reasonably estimate a range of loss,
if any. We do not expect a final judicial determination for several years. An unfavorable resolution of lawsuits or governmental
investigations could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition. For additional
information regarding certain of the matters in which we are involved, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements,
subsection (h) “Legal Proceedings.”
CHANGES IN OUR PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES OR ADVERSE OUTCOMES RESULTING FROM
EXAMINATION OF OUR INCOME TAX RETURNS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR RESULTS
Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in
countries that have lower tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries that have higher tax rates; by changes in the valuation
of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; by changes to domestic manufacturing deduction laws, regulations, or interpretations
thereof; by expiration of or lapses in tax incentives; by transfer pricing adjustments, including the effect of acquisitions on our
legal structure; by tax effects of nondeductible compensation; by tax costs related to intercompany realignments; by changes
in accounting principles; or by changes in tax laws and regulations, treaties, or interpretations thereof, including changes
to the taxation of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, the deductibility of expenses attributable to foreign income, and the
foreign tax credit rules. Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attribute prescribed
in the accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), an international association comprised of 36 countries, including the United States, has made changes to numerous
long-standing tax principles. There can be no assurance that these changes, once adopted by countries, will not have an adverse
impact on our provision for income taxes. Further, as a result of certain of our ongoing employment and capital investment
actions and commitments, our income in certain countries is subject to reduced tax rates. Our failure to meet these commitments
could adversely impact our provision for income taxes. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income
tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes
resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that
the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS ARE ESPECIALLY SUBJECT TO THE RISKS OF EARTHQUAKES,
FLOODS, AND OTHER NATURAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS
Our corporate headquarters, including certain of our research and development operations are located in the Silicon Valley
area of Northern California, a region known for seismic activity. Additionally, a certain number of our facilities are located
near rivers that have experienced flooding in the past. Also certain of our suppliers and logistics centers are located in regions
that have been or may be affected by earthquake, tsunami and flooding activity which in the past has disrupted, and in the
future could disrupt, the flow of components and delivery of products. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, a
hurricane, volcano, or a flood, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
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MAN-MADE PROBLEMS SUCH AS CYBER-ATTACKS, DATA PROTECTION BREACHES, MALWARE OR
TERRORISM MAY DISRUPT OUR OPERATIONS, HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND FINANCIAL
CONDITION, AND DAMAGE OUR REPUTATION, AND CYBER-ATTACKS OR DATA PROTECTION BREACHES
ON OUR CUSTOMERS’ NETWORKS, OR IN CLOUD-BASED SERVICES PROVIDED BY OR ENABLED BY US,
COULD RESULT IN CLAIMS OF LIABILITY AGAINST US, DAMAGE OUR REPUTATION OR OTHERWISE
HARM OUR BUSINESS
Despite our implementation of network security measures, the products and services we sell to customers, and our servers, data
centers and the cloud-based solutions on which our data, and data of our customers, suppliers and business partners are stored, are
vulnerable to cyber-attacks, data protection breaches, malware, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering or human
error. Any such event could compromise our networks or those of our customers, and the information stored on our networks or
those of our customers could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen, which could subject us to liability to our customers,
suppliers, business partners and others, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial
condition and may cause damage to our reputation. Efforts to limit the ability of malicious third parties to disrupt the operations of
the Internet or undermine our own security efforts may be costly to implement and meet with resistance, and may not be successful.
Breaches of network security in our customers’ networks, or in cloud-based services provided by or enabled by us, regardless of
whether the breach is attributable to a vulnerability in our products or services, could result in claims of liability against us, damage
our reputation or otherwise harm our business.
In addition, the continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future
acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to the economies of the United States and other countries and create further
uncertainties or otherwise materially harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. Likewise, events such as loss of
infrastructure and utilities services such as energy, transportation, or telecommunications could have similar negative impacts. To
the extent that such disruptions or uncertainties result in delays or cancellations of customer orders or the manufacture or shipment
of our products, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
VULNERABILITIES AND CRITICAL SECURITY DEFECTS, PRIORITIZATION DECISIONS REGARDING
REMEDYING VULNERABILITIES OR SECURITY DEFECTS, FAILURE OF THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS TO
REMEDY VULNERABILITIES OR SECURITY DEFECTS, OR CUSTOMERS NOT DEPLOYING SECURITY
RELEASES OR DECIDING NOT TO UPGRADE PRODUCTS, SERVICES OR SOLUTIONS COULD RESULT IN
CLAIMS OF LIABILITY AGAINST US, DAMAGE OUR REPUTATION OR OTHERWISE HARM OUR BUSINESS
The products and services we sell to customers, and our cloud-based solutions, inevitably contain vulnerabilities or critical security
defects which have not been remedied and cannot be disclosed without compromising security. We may also make prioritization
decisions in determining which vulnerabilities or security defects to fix, and the timing of these fixes, which could result in an
exploit which compromises security. Customers also need to test security releases before they can be deployed which can delay
implementation. In addition, we rely on third-party providers of software and cloud-based service and we cannot control the rate at
which they remedy vulnerabilities. Customers may also not deploy a security release, or decide not to upgrade to the latest versions
of our products, services or cloud-based solutions containing the release, leaving them vulnerable. Vulnerabilities and critical
security defects, prioritization errors in remedying vulnerabilities or security defects, failure of third-party providers to remedy
vulnerabilities or security defects, or customers not deploying security releases or deciding not to upgrade products, services or
solutions could result in claims of liability against us, damage our reputation or otherwise harm our business.
IF WE DO NOT SUCCESSFULLY MANAGE OUR STRATEGIC ALLIANCES, WE MAY NOT REALIZE THE
EXPECTED BENEFITS FROM SUCH ALLIANCES AND WE MAY EXPERIENCE INCREASED COMPETITION
OR DELAYS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
We have several strategic alliances with large and complex organizations and other companies with which we work to offer
complementary products and services and in the past have established a joint venture to market services associated with our Cisco
Unified Computing System products. These arrangements are generally limited to specific projects, the goal of which is generally
to facilitate product compatibility and adoption of industry standards. There can be no assurance we will realize the expected
benefits from these strategic alliances or from the joint venture. If successful, these relationships may be mutually beneficial and
result in industry growth. However, alliances carry an element of risk because, in most cases, we must compete in some business
areas with a company with which we have a strategic alliance and, at the same time, cooperate with that company in other business
areas. Also, if these companies fail to perform or if these relationships fail to materialize as expected, we could suffer delays in
product development or other operational difficulties. Joint ventures can be difficult to manage, given the potentially different
interests of joint venture partners.
OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE VOLATILE
Historically, our common stock has experienced substantial price volatility, particularly as a result of variations between our
actual financial results and the published expectations of analysts and as a result of announcements by our competitors and
26
us. Furthermore, speculation in the press or investment community about our strategic position, financial condition, results of
operations, business, security of our products, or significant transactions can cause changes in our stock price. In addition, the
stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many technology
companies, in particular, and that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. These factors,
as well as general economic and political conditions and the announcement of proposed and completed acquisitions or other
significant transactions, or any difficulties associated with such transactions, by us or our current or potential competitors,
may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock in the future. Additionally, volatility, lack of positive
performance in our stock price or changes to our overall compensation program, including our stock incentive program, may
adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, virtually all of whom are compensated, in part, based on the performance
of our stock price.
THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION WILL
NOT BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY OUR INCURRENCE OF DEBT
As of the end of fiscal 2018, we have senior unsecured notes outstanding in an aggregate principal amount of $25.8 billion that
mature at specific dates from calendar year 2019 through 2040. We have also established a commercial paper program under
which we may issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes on a private placement basis up to a maximum aggregate
amount outstanding at any time of $10.0 billion, and we had no commercial paper notes outstanding under this program as of
July 28, 2018. The outstanding senior unsecured notes bear fixed-rate interest payable semiannually, except $1.0 billion of the
notes which bears interest at a floating rate payable quarterly. The fair value of the long-term debt is subject to market interest
rate volatility. The instruments governing the senior unsecured notes contain certain covenants applicable to us and our wholly-
owned subsidiaries that may adversely affect our ability to incur certain liens or engage in certain types of sale and leaseback
transactions. In addition, we will be required to have available in the United States sufficient cash to service the interest on our
debt and repay all of our notes on maturity. There can be no assurance that our incurrence of this debt or any future debt will
be a better means of providing liquidity to us than would our use of our existing cash resources. Further, we cannot be assured
that our maintenance of this indebtedness or incurrence of future indebtedness will not adversely affect our operating results or
financial condition. In addition, changes by any rating agency to our credit rating can negatively impact the value and liquidity
of both our debt and equity securities, as well as the terms upon which we may borrow under our commercial paper program or
future debt issuances.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 2.
Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located at an owned site in San Jose, California, in the United States of America. The locations
of our headquarters by geographic segment are as follows:
Americas
San Jose, California, USA
EMEA
Amsterdam, Netherlands
APJC
Singapore
In addition to our headquarters site, we own additional sites in the United States, which include facilities in the surrounding
areas of San Jose, California; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Richardson, Texas; Lawrenceville, Georgia; and
Boxborough, Massachusetts. We also own land for expansion in some of these locations. In addition, we lease office space in
many U.S. locations.
Outside the United States our operations are conducted primarily in leased sites. Other significant sites (in addition to the two
non-U.S. headquarters locations) are located in Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Poland, and
the United Kingdom.
We believe that our existing facilities, including both owned and leased, are in good condition and suitable for the conduct
of our business. For additional information regarding obligations under operating leases, see Note 12 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
27
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies - (h) Legal
Proceedings” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which
is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities
(a) Cisco common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CSCO. Information regarding
quarterly cash dividends declared on Cisco’s common stock during fiscal 2018 and 2017 may be found in Supplementary
Financial Data on page 114 of this report. There were 40,817 registered shareholders as of August 31, 2018. The high and
low common stock sales prices per share for each period were as follows:
Fiscal Quarter
First quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Second quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Third quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fourth quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High
Low
High
Low
$
$
$
$
34.73 $
42.69 $
46.16 $
46.37 $
30.36 $
33.67 $
37.35 $
40.94 $
31.95 $
31.89 $
34.53 $
34.60 $
29.86
29.12
30.42
30.37
FISCAL 2018
FISCAL 2017
(b) Not applicable.
(c)
Issuer purchases of equity securities (in millions, except per-share amounts):
Period
April 29, 2018 to May 26, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
May 27, 2018 to June 23, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
June 24, 2018 to July 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
Average Price Paid
per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
That May Yet
Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
44 $
41 $
53 $
138 $
44.63
43.65
42.65
43.58
44 $
41 $
53 $
138
23,076
21,271
19,036
On September 13, 2001, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a stock repurchase program. On February 14,
2018, our Board of Directors authorized a $25 billion increase to the stock repurchase program. As of July 28, 2018, the
remaining authorized amount for stock repurchases under this program, including the additional authorization, is approximately
$19.0 billion with no termination date.
For the majority of restricted stock units granted, the number of shares issued on the date the restricted stock units vest is net of
shares withheld to meet applicable tax withholding requirements. Although these withheld shares are not issued or considered
common stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program and therefore are not included in the preceding table, they are
treated as common stock repurchases in our financial statements as they reduce the number of shares that would have been
issued upon vesting (see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
28
Stock Performance Graph
The information contained in this Stock Performance Graph section shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “ filed”
or incorporated by reference in future filings with the SEC, or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, except to the extent that Cisco specifically incorporates it by reference into a document filed under the Securities
Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The following graph shows a five-year comparison of the cumulative total shareholder return on Cisco common stock with the
cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P Information Technology Index. The graph tracks the performance
of a $100 investment in the Company’s common stock and in each of the indexes (with the reinvestment of all dividends) on the
date specified. Shareholder returns over the indicated period are based on historical data and should not be considered indicative
of future shareholder returns.
Comparison of 5-Year Cumulative Total Return Among Cisco Systems, Inc.,
the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P Information Technology Index
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
July 2013
July 2014
July 2015
July 2016
July 2017
July 2018
Cisco Systems, Inc.
S&P 500
S&P Information Technology
Cisco Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S&P 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S&P Information Technology . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
$
100.00 $
100.00 $
100.00 $
105.04 $
119.40 $
131.22 $
118.32 $
128.10 $
144.52 $
131.64 $
136.90 $
159.12 $
140.72 $
158.98 $
207.12 $
196.18
184.80
268.65
July 2013
July 2014
July 2015
July 2016
July 2017
July 2018
29
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Five Years Ended July 28, 2018 (in millions, except per-share amounts)
July 28, 2018 (1)
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016 (2)(3)
July 25, 2015 (2)
Years Ended
Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net income per share—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net income per share—diluted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Shares used in per-share calculation—basic . . .
Shares used in per-share calculation—diluted . . .
Cash dividends declared per common share . . . $
Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . $
49,330 $
110 $
0.02 $
0.02 $
4,837
4,881
1.24 $
13,666 $
48,005 $
9,609 $
1.92 $
1.90 $
5,010
5,049
1.10 $
13,876 $
49,247 $
10,739 $
2.13 $
2.11 $
5,053
5,088
0.94 $
13,570 $
49,161 $
8,981 $
1.76 $
1.75 $
5,104
5,146
0.80 $
12,552 $
July 26, 2014 (4)
47,142
7,853
1.50
1.49
5,234
5,281
0.72
12,332
Cash and cash equivalents and investments . . . . $
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
46,548 $
108,784 $
25,569 $
19,685 $
70,492 $
129,818 $
33,717 $
18,494 $
65,756 $
121,652 $
28,643 $
16,472 $
60,416 $
113,373 $
25,354 $
15,183 $
52,074
105,070
20,845
14,142
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
July 25, 2015
July 26, 2014
(1) In fiscal 2018, Cisco recorded a provisional tax expense of $10.4 billion related to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Job Act (“the Tax
Act”) comprised of $8.1 billion of U.S. transition tax, $1.2 billion of foreign withholding tax, and $1.1 billion re-measurement of net deferred
tax assets and liabilities (DTA).
(2) In the second quarter of fiscal 2016, Cisco completed the sale of the SP Video CPE Business. As a result, revenue from this portion of
the Service Provider Video product category will not recur in future periods. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $253 million net of
certain transaction costs. The years ended July 30, 2016 and July 25, 2015 include SP Video CPE Business revenue of $504 million and
$1,846 million, respectively.
(3) In fiscal 2016 Cisco recognized total tax benefits of $593 million for the following: i) the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Cisco settled
all outstanding items related to Cisco’s federal income tax returns for fiscal 2008 through fiscal 2010, as a result of which Cisco recorded a net
tax benefit of $367 million; and ii) the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 reinstated the U.S. federal research and development
(R&D) tax credit permanently, as a result of which Cisco recognized tax benefits of $226 million, of which $81 million related to fiscal 2015
R&D expenses.
(4) In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, Cisco recorded a pre-tax charge of $655 million to product cost of sales, which corresponds to
$526 million, net of tax, for the expected remediation cost for certain products sold in prior fiscal years containing memory components
manufactured by a single supplier between 2005 and 2010. See Note 12(f) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
No other factors materially affected the comparability of the information presented above.
30
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors
created under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).
All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. These
statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and
the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,”
“plans,” “believes,” “momentum,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “endeavors,” “strives,” “may,” variations of such words,
and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to
projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characterizations
of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements
are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those under
“Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those
expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements
for any reason.
OVERVIEW
Cisco designs and sells a broad range of technologies that have been powering the Internet since 1984. Across networking,
security, collaboration, applications and the cloud, our evolving intent-based technologies are constantly learning and adapting
to provide customers with a highly secure, intelligent platform for their digital business.
A summary of our results is as follows (in millions, except percentages and per-share amounts):
Three Months Ended
61.7 %
July 28,
2018
Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 12,844
Gross margin percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,626
Sales and marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,348
General and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
543
Total R&D, sales and marketing,
general and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,517
Total as a percentage of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of purchased intangible
assets included in operating expenses . . . . . . . . . $
Restructuring and other charges
included in operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Operating income as a percentage
of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax percentage (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,803
Net income as a percentage of revenue . . . . . . . .
Earnings per share—diluted (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
26
33
26.1%
(5.9)%
29.6%
0.81
35.2 %
July 29,
2017
$ 12,133
Variance
6%
62.2% (0.5)
8%
1%
10%
$ 1,499
$ 2,318
495
$
$ 4,312
5%
35.5% (0.3)
$
$
58
(43)%
142
(82)%
25.0% 1.1
23.8% (29.7)
57%
$ 2,424
20.0% 9.6
0.48
69%
$
pts
pts
pts
July 28,
2018
$ 49,330
pts
62.0%
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
$ 48,005
Variance
3%
63.0% (1.0)
pts
$ 6,332
$ 9,242
$ 2,144
$ 6,059
$ 9,184
$ 1,993
$ 17,718
$ 17,236
5%
1%
8%
3%
pts
35.9%
35.9% — pts
$
$
$
$
221
358
$
$
259
756
(15)%
(53)%
25.0%
99.2%
110
0.2%
0.02
$
24.9% 0.1
21.8% 77.4
$ 9,609
(99)%
20.0% (19.8)
1.90
(99)%
pts
pts
pts
(1) Fourth quarter and fiscal year 2018 results include an $863 million benefit and a $10.4 billion charge, respectively, related to the enactment
of the Tax Act.
31
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
In fiscal 2018, we saw broad strength across the business and delivered solid revenue growth, margins, cash flow and returns
for our shareholders. We remain focused on accelerating innovation across our portfolio, and we believe that we have made
continued progress on our strategic priorities. Our product revenue reflected growth in Infrastructure Platforms, Applications
and Security, and we continued to make progress in the transition of our business model to increased software and subscriptions.
We continue to operate in a challenging and highly competitive environment. We experienced some weakness in the service
provider market and we expect ongoing uncertainty in that area. While the overall environment remains uncertain, we continue
to aggressively invest in priority areas with the objective of driving profitable growth over the long term.
Total revenue increased by 3% compared with fiscal 2017. Within total revenue, product and service revenue each increased by
3%. Total gross margin decreased by 1.0 percentage points, driven primarily by unfavorable impacts from pricing, a $127 million
legal and indemnification settlement charge, and unfavorable product mix, partially offset by productivity benefits. While
productivity was positive to overall product gross margin, the benefit was lower than in the prior year as these improvements
were adversely impacted by an increase in the cost of certain components which are currently constrained. As a percentage
of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses, collectively, were flat.
Operating income as a percentage of revenue increased by 0.1 percentage points. Diluted earnings per share and net income each
decreased by 99% due to the $10.4 billion provisional tax expense related to the Tax Act, comprised of $8.1 billion U.S. transition
tax, $1.2 billion of foreign withholding tax, and $1.1 billion of net deferred tax assets re-measurement.
In terms of our geographic segments, revenue from the Americas increased by $0.7 billion, EMEA revenue increased by
$0.4 billion, and revenue in our APJC segment increased by $0.2 billion. These increases reflect broad strength across several
countries within these segments. The “BRICM” countries experienced product revenue growth of 2% in the aggregate, driven by
increased product revenue in the emerging countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China of 17%, 10%, 3% and 3%, respectively,
partially offset by a product revenue decline of 16% in Mexico.
From a customer market standpoint, we experienced solid product revenue growth in the commercial market and, to a lesser
extent, in the enterprise and public sector markets. Product revenue in the service provider market declined with ongoing
uncertainty in that area.
From a product category perspective, the product revenue increase of 3% was driven by a 2% product revenue increase in
Infrastructure Platforms and solid product revenue growth in Applications and Security of 10% and 9%, respectively. We saw
broad strength across the portfolio, with the exception of routing related to the weakness in the service provider market.
32
Fourth Quarter Snapshot
For the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, as compared with the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, total revenue increased by 6%. Within
total revenue, product revenue increased by 7% and service revenue increased by 3%. With regard to our geographic segment
performance, on a year-over-year basis, revenue in the Americas, EMEA and APJC increased by 5%, 8% and 6%, respectively.
From a product category perspective, we experienced broad strength across the portfolio. Total gross margin decreased by
0.5 percentage points, driven by some specific transactions with service providers in our APJC segment. Our gross margin
also decreased due to unfavorable pricing, product mix and higher component costs, partially offset by improved productivity
benefits. As a percentage of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses
collectively decreased by 0.3 percentage points. Operating income as a percentage of revenue increased by 1.1 percentage points.
Diluted earnings per share increased by 69% and net income increased by 57%, due in part to an $863 million tax benefit related
to the Tax Act.
Strategy and Priorities
As our customers add billions of new connections to their enterprises, and as more applications move to a multi-cloud
environment, we believe the network continues to be extremely critical. We believe that our customers are looking for intent-
based networks that provide meaningful business value through automation, security, and analytics across private, hybrid, and
multi-cloud environments. Our vision is to deliver highly secure, software-defined, automated and intelligent platforms for
our customers. Our strategic priorities include the following: accelerating our pace of innovation, increasing the value of the
network, and transforming our business model.
For a full discussion of our strategy and priorities, see Item 1. Business.
Other Key Financial Measures
The following is a summary of our other key financial measures for fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017 (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents and investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repurchases of common stock—stock repurchase program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiscal 2018
$
$
$
$
$
$
46,548 $
13,666 $
19,685 $
17,661 $
5,968 $
1,846 $
Fiscal 2017
70,492
13,876
18,494
3,706
5,511
1,616
33
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the
Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes the
significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting
policies described below are significantly affected by critical accounting estimates. Such accounting policies require significant
judgments, assumptions, and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and actual results
could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these policies.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria have been met:
•
•
•
•
Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists. Contracts, Internet commerce agreements, and customer purchase orders
are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement.
Delivery has occurred. Shipping documents and customer acceptance, when applicable, are used to verify delivery. For
software, delivery is considered to have occurred upon unrestricted license access and license term commencement,
when applicable.
The fee is fixed or determinable. We assess whether the fee is fixed or determinable based on the payment terms associated
with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment.
Collectibility is reasonably assured. We assess collectibility based primarily on the creditworthiness of the customer as
determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history.
In instances where final acceptance of the product, system, or solution is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all
acceptance criteria have been met. When a sale involves multiple deliverables, such as sales of products that include services, the
multiple deliverables are evaluated to determine the unit of accounting, and the entire fee from the arrangement is allocated to
each unit of accounting based on the relative selling price. Revenue is recognized when the revenue recognition criteria for each
unit of accounting are met. For hosting arrangements, we recognize revenue ratably over the hosting period, while usage revenue
is recognized based on utilization. Software subscription revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the subscription term
upon delivery of the first product and commencement of the term.
The amount of revenue recognized in a given period is affected by our judgment as to whether an arrangement includes
multiple deliverables and, if so, our valuation of the units of accounting. Our multiple element arrangements may contain
only deliverables within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, Revenue Recognition, deliverables within
the scope of ASC 985-605, Software-Revenue Recognition, or a combination of both. According to the accounting guidance
prescribed in ASC 605, we use vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE) for each of those units, when available.
We determine VSOE based on our normal pricing and discounting practices for the specific product or service when sold
separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the historical standalone transactions have the selling
prices for a product or service fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by approximately 80% of such
historical standalone transactions falling within plus or minus 15% of the median rates. When VSOE does not exist, we apply the
selling price hierarchy to applicable multiple-deliverable arrangements. Under the selling price hierarchy, third-party evidence
of selling price (TPE) will be considered if VSOE does not exist, and estimated selling price (ESP) will be used if neither VSOE
nor TPE is available. Generally, we are not able to determine TPE because our go-to-market strategy differs from that of others
in our markets, and the extent of our proprietary technology varies among comparable products or services from those of our
peers. In determining ESP, we apply significant judgment as we weigh a variety of factors, based on the characteristics of the
deliverable. We typically arrive at an ESP for a product or service that is not sold separately by considering company-specific
factors such as geographies, competitive landscape, internal costs, profitability objectives, pricing practices used to establish
bundled pricing, and existing portfolio pricing and discounting.
As our business and offerings evolve over time, our pricing practices may be required to be modified accordingly, which could
result in changes in selling prices, including both VSOE and ESP, in subsequent periods. There were no material impacts during
fiscal 2018 from changes in VSOE, TPE, or ESP.
We make sales to distributors which we refer to as two-tier sales to the end customer. Revenue from two-tier distributors
is recognized based on a sell-through method using point-of-sale information provided by these distributors. Distributors
participate in various cooperative marketing and other incentive programs, and we maintain estimated accruals and allowances
for these programs. If actual credits received by distributors under these programs were to deviate significantly from our
estimates, which are based on historical experience, our revenue could be adversely affected.
34
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, a
new accounting standard related to revenue recognition. ASC 606 will supersede nearly all U.S. GAAP on revenue recognition
and eliminate industry-specific guidance. The underlying principle of the new standard is to recognize revenue when a customer
obtains control of promised goods or services at an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received in
exchange for those goods or services. It also requires increased disclosures including the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty
of revenues and cash flows related to contracts with customers.
ASC 606 allows two methods of adoption: i) retrospectively to each prior period presented (“full retrospective method”), or ii)
retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized in retained earnings as of the date of adoption (“modified retrospective
method”). We will adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method at the beginning of our first quarter of
fiscal 2019.
We do not expect that ASC 606 will have a material impact on total revenue for fiscal 2019 based on two factors: i) revenue will
be accelerated consistent with the changes in timing as indicated in the table in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements,
largely offset by ii) the reduction of revenue from software arrangements where revenue was previously deferred in prior periods
and recognized ratably over time as required under the current standard. This preliminary assessment is based on the types and
number of revenue arrangements currently in place. The exact impact of ASC 606 will be dependent on facts and circumstances
at adoption and could vary from quarter to quarter.
For the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we expect that the adoption of ASC 606 may increase total revenue by about 1% on a
year-over-year basis. For further discussion of ASC 606, including the estimated impacts on transition date, see Note 2 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allowances for Receivables and Sales Returns
The allowances for receivables were as follows (in millions, except percentages):
Allowance for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of gross accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss—lease receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of gross lease receivables (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss—loan receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of gross loan receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
2.3%
135
4.7%
60
1.2%
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
$
211
3.9%
162
5.5%
103
2.3%
$
$
(1) Calculated as allowance for credit loss on lease receivables as a percentage of gross lease receivables and residual value before
unearned income.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. We regularly review
the adequacy of these allowances by considering internal factors such as historical experience, credit quality and age of the
receivable balances as well as external factors such as economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay as well as
historical and expected default frequency rates, which are published by major third-party credit-rating agencies and are updated
on a quarterly basis. We also consider the concentration of receivables outstanding with a particular customer in assessing the
adequacy of our allowances for doubtful accounts. If a major customer’s creditworthiness deteriorates, if actual defaults are
higher than our historical experience, or if other circumstances arise, our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to us
could be overstated, and additional allowances could be required, which could have an adverse impact on our operating results.
The allowance for credit loss on financing receivables is also based on the assessment of collectibility of customer accounts. We
regularly review the adequacy of the credit allowances determined either on an individual or a collective basis. When evaluating
the financing receivables on an individual basis, we consider historical experience, credit quality and age of receivable balances,
and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. When evaluating financing receivables on a collective basis,
we use expected default frequency rates published by a major third-party credit-rating agency as well as our own historical
loss rate in the event of default, while also systematically giving effect to economic conditions, concentration of risk and
correlation. Determining expected default frequency rates and loss factors associated with internal credit risk ratings, as well as
assessing factors such as economic conditions, concentration of risk, and correlation, are complex and subjective. Our ongoing
consideration of all these factors could result in an increase in our allowance for credit loss in the future, which could adversely
affect our operating results. Both accounts receivable and financing receivables are charged off at the point when they are
considered uncollectible.
35
A reserve for future sales returns is established based on historical trends in product return rates. The reserve for future sales
returns as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 was $123 million and $122 million, respectively, and was recorded as a reduction
of our accounts receivable and revenue. If the actual future returns were to deviate from the historical data on which the reserve
had been established, our revenue could be adversely affected.
Inventory Valuation and Liability for Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers
Inventory is written down based on excess and obsolete inventories, determined primarily by future demand forecasts. Inventory
write-downs are measured as the difference between the cost of the inventory and market, based upon assumptions about future
demand, and are charged to the provision for inventory, which is a component of our cost of sales. At the point of the loss
recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not
result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
We record a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers
for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our excess and obsolete inventory.
Our provision for inventory was $63 million, $74 million, and $65 million in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The provision
for the liability related to purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers was $105 million, $124 million, and
$134 million in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. If there were to be a sudden and significant decrease in demand for our
products, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer
requirements, we could be required to increase our inventory write-downs, and our liability for purchase commitments with
contract manufacturers and suppliers, and accordingly our profitability, could be adversely affected. We regularly evaluate our
exposure for inventory write-downs and the adequacy of our liability for purchase commitments.
Loss Contingencies and Product Warranties
We are subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. We consider the likelihood of
impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in
determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or
a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate information available to
us to determine whether such accruals should be made or adjusted and whether new accruals are required.
Third parties, including customers, have in the past and may in the future assert claims or initiate litigation related to exclusive
patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are relevant to us.
These assertions have increased over time as a result of our growth and the general increase in the pace of patent claims assertions,
particularly in the United States. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is
successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms
and conditions, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Our products are generally covered by a warranty for periods ranging from 90 days to five years, and for some products we
provide a limited lifetime warranty. We accrue for warranty costs as part of our cost of sales based on associated material costs,
technical support labor costs, and associated overhead. Material cost is estimated based primarily upon historical trends in the
volume of product returns within the warranty period and the cost to repair or replace the equipment. Technical support labor
cost is estimated based primarily upon historical trends in the rate of customer cases and the cost to support the customer cases
within the warranty period. Overhead cost is applied based on estimated time to support warranty activities.
If we experience an increase in warranty claims compared with our historical experience, or if the cost of servicing warranty
claims is greater than expected, our profitability could be adversely affected.
Fair Value Measurements
Our fixed income and publicly traded equity securities, collectively, are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at a fair value
of $37.6 billion as of July 28, 2018, compared with $58.8 billion as of July 29, 2017. Our fixed income investment portfolio, as of
July 28, 2018, consisted primarily of high quality investment-grade securities. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As described more fully in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, a valuation hierarchy is based on the level of
independent, objective evidence available regarding the value of the investments. It encompasses three classes of investments:
Level 1 consists of securities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical securities; Level 2 consists of
securities for which observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs are used, such as quoted prices for similar securities in active
markets or quoted prices for identical securities in less active markets and model-derived valuations for which the variables are
derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data; and Level 3 consists of securities for which there are unobservable
inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value.
36
Our Level 2 securities are valued using quoted market prices for similar instruments or nonbinding market prices that are
corroborated by observable market data. We use inputs such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, and
other similar data, which are obtained from independent pricing vendors, quoted market prices, or other sources to determine
the ultimate fair value of our assets and liabilities. We use such pricing data as the primary input, to which we have not made
any material adjustments during fiscal 2018 and 2017, to make our assessments and determinations as to the ultimate valuation
of our investment portfolio. We are ultimately responsible for the financial statements and underlying estimates.
The inputs and fair value are reviewed for reasonableness, may be further validated by comparison to publicly available
information, and could be adjusted based on market indices or other information that management deems material to its estimate
of fair value. The assessment of fair value can be difficult and subjective. However, given the relative reliability of the inputs
we use to value our investment portfolio, and because substantially all of our valuation inputs are obtained using quoted market
prices for similar or identical assets, we do not believe that the nature of estimates and assumptions affected by levels of
subjectivity and judgment was material to the valuation of the investment portfolio as of July 28, 2018.
Other-than-Temporary Impairments
We recognize an impairment charge when the declines in the fair values of our fixed income or publicly traded equity securities
below their cost basis are judged to be other than temporary. The ultimate value realized on these securities, to the extent
unhedged, is subject to market price volatility until they are sold.
If the fair value of a debt security is less than its amortized cost, we assess whether the impairment is other than temporary. An
impairment is considered other than temporary if (i) we have the intent to sell the security, (ii) it is more likely than not that we
will be required to sell the security before recovery of its entire amortized cost basis, or (iii) we do not expect to recover the
entire amortized cost of the security. If an impairment is considered other than temporary based on (i) or (ii) described in the
prior sentence, the entire difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the security is recognized in earnings. If
an impairment is considered other than temporary based on condition (iii), the amount representing credit loss, defined as the
difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis of the debt security,
will be recognized in earnings, and the amount relating to all other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income
(OCI). In estimating the amount and timing of cash flows expected to be collected, we consider all available information,
including past events, current conditions, the remaining payment terms of the security, the financial condition of the issuer,
expected defaults, and the value of underlying collateral.
For publicly traded equity securities, we consider various factors in determining whether we should recognize an impairment
charge, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than our cost basis, the financial condition
and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for
any anticipated recovery in market value.
We also have investments in privately held companies, some of which are in the startup or development stages. As of July 28,
2018, our investments in privately held companies were $1,096 million, compared with $983 million as of July 29, 2017, and were
included in other assets. We monitor these investments for events or circumstances indicative of potential impairment, and we
make appropriate reductions in carrying values if we determine that an impairment charge is required, based primarily on the
financial condition and near-term prospects of these companies. These investments are inherently risky because the markets for
the technologies or products these companies are developing are typically in the early stages and may never materialize.
Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Asset Impairments
Our methodology for allocating the purchase price relating to purchase acquisitions is determined through established valuation
techniques. Goodwill represents a residual value as of the acquisition date, which in most cases results in measuring goodwill
as an excess of the purchase consideration transferred plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquired company
over the fair value of net assets acquired, including contingent consideration. We perform goodwill impairment tests on an annual
basis in the fourth fiscal quarter and between annual tests in certain circumstances for each reporting unit. The assessment of
fair value for goodwill and purchased intangible assets is based on factors that market participants would use in an orderly
transaction in accordance with the new accounting guidance for the fair value measurement of nonfinancial assets.
The goodwill recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 was $31.7 billion and $29.8 billion,
respectively. The increase in goodwill during fiscal 2018 was due in large part to our acquisition of BroadSoft. In response to changes
in industry and market conditions, we could be required to strategically realign our resources and consider restructuring, disposing
of, or otherwise exiting businesses, which could result in an impairment of goodwill. There was no impairment of goodwill in fiscal
2018, 2017, and 2016. For the annual impairment testing in fiscal 2018, the excess of the fair value over the carrying value for each
of our reporting units was $73.0 billion for the Americas, $53.0 billion for EMEA, and $35.5 billion for APJC.
37
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we performed a sensitivity analysis for goodwill impairment with respect to each of
our respective reporting units and determined that a hypothetical 10% decline in the fair value of each reporting unit would not
result in an impairment of goodwill for any reporting unit.
The fair value of acquired technology and patents, as well as acquired technology under development, is determined at acquisition
date primarily using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows to present value. The discount rates used
in the present value calculations are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and then adjusted to
reflect risks inherent in the development lifecycle as appropriate. We consider the pricing model for products related to these
acquisitions to be standard within the high-technology communications industry, and the applicable discount rates represent the
rates that market participants would use for valuation of such intangible assets.
We make judgments about the recoverability of purchased intangible assets with finite lives whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. Recoverability of purchased intangible assets with finite lives is measured
by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. We
review indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the asset might be impaired. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the
difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. Assumptions and estimates about future values
and remaining useful lives of our purchased intangible assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by a variety of
factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business
strategy and our internal forecasts. Our impairment charges related to purchased intangible assets were $1 million, $47 million,
and $74 million during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Our ongoing consideration of all the factors described previously
could result in additional impairment charges in the future, which could adversely affect our net income.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rates differ from the
statutory rate, primarily due to the tax impact of state taxes, foreign operations, R&D tax credits, domestic manufacturing
deductions, tax audit settlements, nondeductible compensation, international realignments, and transfer pricing adjustments.
Our effective tax rate was 99.2%, 21.8%, and 16.9% in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was enacted. The Tax Act significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax by, among
other things, lowering the statutory corporate income tax rate (“federal tax rate”) from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018,
implementing a modified territorial tax system, and imposing a mandatory one-time transition tax on accumulated earnings of
foreign subsidiaries. As a fiscal-year taxpayer, certain provisions of the Tax Act impact us in fiscal 2018, including the change
in the federal tax rate and the one-time transition tax, while other provisions will be effective at the beginning of fiscal 2019
including the implementation of a modified territorial tax system and other changes to how foreign earnings are subject to
U.S. tax, and elimination of the domestic manufacturing deduction.
As a result of the decrease in the federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, we have computed our income tax
expense for the July 28, 2018 fiscal year using a blended federal tax rate of 27%. The 21% federal tax rate will apply to our fiscal
year ending July 27, 2019 and each year thereafter. We must remeasure our DTA using the federal tax rate that will apply when
the related temporary differences are expected to reverse.
In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which addresses
how a company recognizes provisional estimates when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared or
analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the effect of the changes in the Tax Act.
The measurement period ends when a company has obtained, prepared, and analyzed the information necessary to finalize its
accounting, but cannot extend beyond one year. The final impact of the Tax Act may differ from the provisional estimates due to
changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, by changes
in accounting standard for income taxes and related interpretations in response to the Tax Act, and any updates or changes to
estimates used in the provisional amounts. We have determined that the $8.1 billion of tax expense for the U.S. transition tax on
accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, the $1.2 billion of foreign withholding tax, and the $1.1 billion of tax expense for
DTA re-measurement were each provisional amounts and reasonable estimates for fiscal 2018. Estimates used in the provisional
amounts include: the anticipated reversal pattern of the gross DTAs; and earnings, cash positions, foreign taxes and withholding
taxes attributable to foreign subsidiaries.
38
Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes.
Although we believe our reserves are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not
be different from that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. We adjust these reserves in light of
changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final
tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes
in the period in which such determination is made. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and
changes to reserves that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties.
Significant judgment is also required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing
the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence, including past operating results, estimates of future
taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that we change our determination as to the amount of
deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for
income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely impacted by earnings being lower than anticipated in
countries that have lower tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries that have higher tax rates; by changes in the valuation
of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; by changes to domestic manufacturing deduction laws, regulations, or interpretations
thereof; by expiration of or lapses in tax incentives; by transfer pricing adjustments, including the effect of acquisitions on our
legal structure; by tax effects of nondeductible compensation; by tax costs related to intercompany realignments; by changes
in accounting principles; or by changes in tax laws and regulations, treaties, or interpretations thereof, including changes to the
taxation of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, the deductibility of expenses attributable to foreign income, and the foreign
tax credit rules. Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attributes prescribed in the
accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
an international association comprised of 36 countries, including the United States, has made changes to numerous long-standing
tax principles. There can be no assurance that these changes, once adopted by countries, will not have an adverse impact on our
provision for income taxes. As a result of certain of our ongoing employment and capital investment actions and commitments,
our income in certain countries is subject to reduced tax rates. Our failure to meet these commitments could adversely impact
our provision for income taxes. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from
these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes
from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition.
39
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue
The following table presents the breakdown of revenue between product and service (in millions, except percentages):
July 28,
2018
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
2018 vs. 2017
2017 vs. 2016
July 30,
2016
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Revenue:
Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of revenue . . . . .
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of revenue . . . . .
36,709
$
35,705
$
37,254
$
1,004
3% $ (1,549)
(4)%
74.4%
12,621
25.6%
74.4%
12,300
25.6%
75.6%
11,993
24.4%
321
3%
307
3%
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
49,330
$
48,005
$
49,247
$
1,325
3% $ (1,242)
(3)%
We manage our business primarily on a geographic basis, organized into three geographic segments. Our revenue, which
includes product and service for each segment, is summarized in the following table (in millions, except percentages):
Revenue:
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of revenue . . . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of revenue . . . . .
APJC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of revenue . . . . .
July 28,
2018
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
2018 vs. 2017
2017 vs. 2016
July 30,
2016
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
29,070
$ 28,351
$
29,392
$
719
3% $ (1,041)
(4)%
58.9%
12,425
25.2%
7,834
15.9%
59.1%
12,004
25.0%
7,650
15.9%
59.7%
12,302
25.0%
7,553
15.3%
421
184
4%
2%
(298)
(2)%
97
1%
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
49,330
$ 48,005
$
49,247
$
1,325
3% $ (1,242)
(3)%
Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we completed the sale of the Customer Premises Equipment portion of our Service
Provider Video Connected Devices business (“SP Video CPE Business”). SP Video CPE Business revenue was $504 million
for fiscal 2016.
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Total revenue increased by 3%. Product and service revenue each increased by 3%. Our total revenue reflected growth across each
of our geographic segments. Product revenue for the emerging countries of BRICM, in the aggregate, experienced 2% product
revenue growth, with increases in Brazil, Russia, India and China partially offset by a decrease in Mexico.
In addition to the impact of macroeconomic factors, including a reduced IT spending environment and reductions in spending
by government entities, revenue by segment in a particular period may be significantly impacted by several factors related to
revenue recognition, including the complexity of transactions such as multiple-element arrangements; the mix of financing
arrangements provided to channel partners and customers; and final acceptance of the product, system, or solution, among other
factors. In addition, certain customers tend to make large and sporadic purchases, and the revenue related to these transactions
may also be affected by the timing of revenue recognition, which in turn would impact the revenue of the relevant segment. As
has been the case in certain emerging countries from time to time, customers require greater levels of financing arrangements,
service, and support, and these activities may occur in future periods, which may also impact the timing of the recognition
of revenue.
40
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Total revenue decreased by 3%. Total company revenue not including SP Video CPE products decreased 2%. Product revenue
decreased by 4% while service revenue increased by 3%. Fiscal 2017 had 52 weeks, compared with 53 weeks in fiscal 2016,
thus our results for fiscal 2017 reflect one less extra week. We estimate that the additional revenue associated with the extra
week was approximately $265 million, $200 million of which was from our services subscriptions, and $65 million from our
SaaS offerings such as WebEx, and a small amount from product distribution. Our total revenue declined in the Americas and
EMEA geographic segments, while revenue grew in our APJC geographic segment. The emerging countries of BRICM, in the
aggregate, experienced a 7% product revenue decline, with revenue declines in Mexico, China, and Brazil partially offset by
increases in the other two BRICM countries.
Product Revenue by Segment
The following table presents the breakdown of product revenue by segment (in millions, except percentages):
Product revenue:
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of product revenue . . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of product revenue . . . .
APJC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of product revenue . . . .
July 28,
2018
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
2018 vs. 2017
2017 vs. 2016
July 30,
2016
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
21,088
$ 20,487
$ 21,663
$
601
3% $ (1,176)
(5)%
57.5%
9,671
26.3%
5,950
16.2%
57.4%
9,369
26.2%
5,849
16.4%
58.1%
9,682
26.0%
5,909
15.9%
302
101
3%
2%
(313)
(3)%
(60)
(1)%
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
36,709
$ 35,705
$ 37,254
$
1,004
3% $ (1,549)
(4)%
Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.
Americas
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Product revenue in the Americas segment increased by 3%, driven by solid growth in the commercial and enterprise markets
and, to a lesser extent, growth in the public sector market. Product revenue in the service provider market was flat. From a
country perspective, product revenue increased by 3% in the United States, 9% in Canada and 17% in Brazil, partially offset by
a decrease of 16% in Mexico.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The 5% decrease in product revenue in the Americas segment was driven by declines in the service provider, public sector and
commercial markets. Product revenue in the enterprise market was flat. The product revenue decrease in the service provider
market was driven in large part by the absence of product sales related to our SP Video CPE Business in fiscal 2017. We had
$378 million in product sales related to our SP Video CPE Business in fiscal 2016 in this segment. The product revenue decline
in the public sector market was due primarily to lower sales to state and local governments and to the U.S. federal government.
From a country perspective, product revenue decreased by 5% in the United States, 28% in Mexico and 7% in Brazil, partially
offset by an increase of 2% in Canada.
EMEA
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The increase in product revenue in the EMEA segment of 3% was driven by solid growth in the commercial and public sector
markets and, to a lesser extent, growth in the enterprise market. These increases were partially offset by a product revenue
decline in the service provider market. Product revenue from emerging countries within EMEA and the remainder of the EMEA
segment, which primarily consists of countries in Western Europe, each increased by 3%.
41
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Product revenue in the EMEA segment decreased by 3%, driven by a decline in the service provider market and, to a lesser
extent, declines in the public sector and enterprise markets. Product revenue in the commercial market was flat. The product
revenue decrease in the service provider market was driven in part by the absence of product sales related to our SP Video
CPE Business in fiscal 2017. We had $108 million in product sales related to our SP Video CPE Business in fiscal 2016 in this
segment. Product revenue from emerging countries within EMEA and product revenue for the remainder of the EMEA segment
each decreased by 3%.
APJC
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Product revenue in the APJC segment increased by 2%. The product revenue increase was led by solid growth in the commercial
and enterprise markets. These increases were partially offset by product revenue declines in the service provider and public
sector markets. From a country perspective, product revenue increased by 3% in China and 3% in India, partially offset by a
decrease of 3% in Japan.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Product revenue in the APJC segment decreased by 1%. The product revenue decrease was led by declines in the service
provider and public sector markets, partially offset by product revenue growth in the commercial market. Product revenue in
the enterprise market was flat. From a country perspective, product revenue decreased by 12% in China, driven by a decrease
in sales of Service Provider Video Software and Solutions products, while product revenue increased by 11% in India, 9% in
Australia and 2% in Japan. Product sales for this geographic segment were adversely impacted by an $18 million decrease in
product sales related to the absence of our SP Video CPE Business.
Product Revenue by Groups of Similar Products
In addition to the primary view on a geographic basis, we also prepare financial information related to groups of similar
products and customer markets for various purposes. Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we began reporting our product
revenue in the following categories: Infrastructure Platforms, Applications, Security, and Other Products. This change better
aligns our product categories with our evolving business model. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the
current period’s presentation.
The following table presents revenue for groups of similar products (in millions, except percentages):
July 28,
2018
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
2018 vs. 2017
2017 vs. 2016
July 30,
2016
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Product revenue:
Infrastructure Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
28,270 $ 27,779 $ 28,851 $
4,568
5,035
2,153
2,353
1,205
1,050
36,709 $ 35,705 $ 37,254 $
4,438
1,969
1,996
491
467
200
(155)
1,004
2 % $ (1,072)
130
10%
184
9%
(791)
(13)%
3 % $ (1,549)
(4)%
3%
9%
(40)%
(4)%
Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.
Infrastructure Platforms
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The Infrastructure Platforms product category represents our core networking offerings related to switching, routing, wireless,
and the data center. Infrastructure Platforms revenue increased by 2%, or $491 million, with strength across the portfolio with the
exception of routing. Switching experienced growth, with solid revenue growth in data center switching driven by an increase in sales
of Cisco Nexus 9000 Series products, and with revenue growth in campus switching driven by our intent-based networking Cisco
Catalyst 9000 Series. Data center had strong double digit growth driven by higher sales of server products and our hyperconverged
data center offering, HyperFlex. We also experienced solid revenue growth from wireless products driven by Meraki as well as our
Wave 2 offerings. We had a decrease in sales of routing products, driven by continued weakness in the service provider market.
42
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Revenue from the Infrastructure Platforms product category decreased by 4% or $1,072 million, driven primarily by lower
revenue from switching products. Within switching, we experienced a decrease in sales of switching products used in campus
environments, which we believe was driven both by the uncertainty in the macro environment which led to a slowdown in
customer spending, as well as by a highly competitive landscape. These impacts were partially offset by an increase in sales
of our ACI portfolio which is included in our data center switching portfolio. We also experienced a decrease in revenue from
routing products driven by weakness in enterprise access and a decrease in revenue from data center due to lower sales of server
products. We had revenue growth from wireless products driven by Meraki.
Applications
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The Applications product category includes our collaboration offerings (unified communications, Cisco TelePresence and
conferencing) as well as the Internet of Things (IoT) and analytics software offerings from Jasper and AppDynamics, respectively.
Revenue in our Applications product category increased by 10%, or $467 million, with growth across all of the businesses.
We experienced solid growth in the Telepresence, unified communications, conferencing and analytics from our fiscal 2017
acquisition of AppDynamics. We continued to increase the amount of deferred revenue and the proportion of recurring revenue
related to our Applications product category.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The increase in revenue in our Applications product category by 3%, or $130 million, was in large part due to increased revenue
from our IoT software offerings, driven by our fiscal 2016 Jasper acquisition. The growth in Conferencing revenue and the
acquisition of AppDynamics in the third quarter of fiscal 2017 also contributed to the revenue increase in this product category.
These increases in revenue were partially offset by decreased revenue from unified communications and Telepresence.
Security
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Revenue in our Security product category increased 9%, or $200 million, driven by higher sales of unified threat management,
web security, policy and access and advanced threat products. We continued to increase the amount of deferred revenue and the
proportion of recurring revenue related to our Security product category.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Revenue in our Security product category increased 9%, or $184 million, driven by higher sales of unified threat management,
advanced threat security, and web security products.
Other Products
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The decrease in revenue from our Other Products category was primarily driven by a decrease in revenue from Service Provider
Video Software and Solutions (“SPVSS”).
On May 1, 2018, we announced a definitive agreement to sell the SPVSS business. We expect this transaction to close in the first
half of fiscal 2019 subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The decrease in revenue in our Other Products category was in large part due to a decrease in product sales of $504 million
related to our SP Video CPE Business and a decrease in revenue from SPVSS products.
43
Service Revenue by Segment
The following table presents the breakdown of service revenue by segment (in millions, except percentages):
Years Ended
Service revenue:
July 28,
2018
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
2018 vs. 2017
2017 vs. 2016
July 30,
2016
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Variance
in Dollars
Variance
in Percent
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Percentage of service revenue . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of service revenue . . .
APJC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of service revenue . . .
$
7,982
63.3%
2,754
21.8%
1,885
14.9%
$
7,864
63.9%
2,635
21.4%
1,801
14.7%
7,729
64.4%
2,620
21.9%
1,644
13.7%
$
118
2% $
135
119
84
5%
5%
2%
1%
15
157
10%
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
12,621
$ 12,300
$ 11,993
$
321
3% $
307
3%
Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Service revenue increased across all geographic segments. Technical support services revenue increased by 2% and advanced
services revenue increased by 4%. Technical support services revenue increased across all geographic segments. The increase
in technical support services revenue was driven by an increase in software and solution support offerings. Advanced services
revenue, which relates to professional services for specific customer network needs, had solid growth in the EMEA segment and,
to a lesser extent, increased in our Americas and APJC segments.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Service revenue grew 3%. Excluding the $200 million of additional revenue as a result of the extra week in fiscal 2016, service
revenue grew 4%. Service revenue grew across all of our geographic segments. Technical support services revenue increased
by 3% and advanced services revenue increased by 1%. Technical support services revenue increased across all geographic
segments. The increase in technical support services revenue was driven by contract initiations and renewals associated with
product sales and an increase in software support offerings. Advanced services revenue had solid revenue growth in our APJC
segment, declined slightly in our EMEA segment and was flat in our Americas segment.
Gross Margin
The following table presents the gross margin for products and services (in millions, except percentages):
Years Ended
Gross margin:
AMOUNT
PERCENTAGE
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
22,282 $
8,324
30,606 $
22,006 $
8,218
30,224 $
23,093
7,867
30,960
60.7%
66.0%
62.0%
61.6%
66.8%
63.0%
62.0%
65.6%
62.9%
44
Product Gross Margin
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The following table summarizes the key factors that contributed to the change in product gross margin percentage from fiscal
2017 to fiscal 2018:
Fiscal 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal and indemnification settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mix of products sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of purchased intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Productivity (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiscal 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product
Gross Margin
Percentage
61.6%
(1.4)%
(0.3)%
(0.2)%
(0.2)%
1.2%
60.7%
(1) Productivity includes overall manufacturing-related costs, such as component costs, warranty expense, provision for inventory, freight,
logistics, shipment volume, and other items not categorized elsewhere.
Product gross margin decreased by 0.9 percentage points due largely to unfavorable impacts from product pricing, a charge of
$127 million to product cost of sales recorded in fiscal 2018 related to legal and indemnification settlements, and unfavorable
product mix, partially offset by productivity benefits.
The negative pricing impact, which was lower than the year-over-year impact we experienced in fiscal 2017, was driven by
typical market factors and impacted each of our geographic segments and customer markets. While productivity was positive to
overall product gross margin, the benefit was lower than the prior year as these improvements were adversely impacted by an
increase in the costs of certain components which are currently constrained. We expect the higher component costs to continue
to impact productivity in the near term. Productivity improvements were driven by cost reductions including value engineering
efforts (e.g. component redesign, board configuration, test processes, and transformation processes), lower warranty expenses
and continued operational efficiency in manufacturing operations. The decrease in product gross margin was also due to an
unfavorable mix of products sold driven by negative mix impacts from our Infrastructure Platforms products, partially offset
by favorability from Security, Applications and Other Products. Our product gross margin in fiscal 2018 was also negatively
impacted by higher amortization expense from purchased intangible assets.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The following table summarizes the key factors that contributed to the change in product gross margin percentage from fiscal
2016 to fiscal 2017:
Fiscal 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mix of products sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplier component remediation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Productivity (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SP Video CPE Business impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiscal 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product
Gross Margin
Percentage
62.0%
(2.1)%
(0.3)%
(0.1)%
(0.1)%
1.4%
0.8%
61.6%
Product gross margin decreased by 0.4 percentage points as compared with fiscal 2016. The decrease in product gross margin
was largely due to unfavorable impacts from product pricing, lower productivity benefits, and unfavorable product mix, partially
offset by a benefit from the divestiture of the lower margin SP Video CPE business in fiscal 2016.
45
The negative pricing impact was driven by typical market factors and impacted each of our geographic segments and customer
markets. While productivity was positive to overall product gross margin, the benefit was lower than the prior year as these
improvements were adversely impacted by an increase in the cost of certain memory components. In addition, productivity
was negatively impacted by decreases in core routing and switching revenue which limited our ability to generate cost savings.
Productivity improvements were driven by value engineering efforts (e.g. component redesign, board configuration, test
processes, and transformation processes), lower warranty expenses and continued operational efficiency in manufacturing
operations. The decrease in product gross margin was also due to an unfavorable mix of products sold driven by negative mix
impacts from our Infrastructure platform products.
Service Gross Margin
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Our service gross margin percentage decreased by 0.8 percentage points due to increased headcount-related costs and, to a lesser
extent, unfavorable mix and increased delivery costs. These cost impacts were partially offset by the resulting benefit to gross
margin of higher sales volume in both advanced services and technical support services.
Our service gross margin normally experiences some fluctuations due to various factors such as the timing of contract initiations
in our renewals, our strategic investments in headcount, and the resources we deploy to support the overall service business.
Other factors include the mix of service offerings, as the gross margin from our advanced services is typically lower than the
gross margin from technical support services.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Our service gross margin percentage increased by 1.2 percentage points due to higher sales volume, decreased delivery costs,
favorable mix and, to a lesser extent, lower share-based compensation expense. These benefits to service gross margin were
partially offset by increased headcount-related costs.
Gross Margin by Segment
The following table presents the total gross margin for each segment (in millions, except percentages):
Years Ended
Gross margin:
July 28, 2018
AMOUNT
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
July 28, 2018
PERCENTAGE
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APJC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segment total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unallocated corporate items (1). . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
18,792
7,945
4,726
31,463
(857)
30,606
$
$
18,284
7,855
4,741
30,880
(656)
30,224
$
$
18,986
7,998
4,620
31,604
(644)
30,960
64.6%
63.9%
60.3%
63.8%
64.5%
65.4%
62.0%
64.3%
64.6%
65.0%
61.2%
64.2%
62.0%
63.0%
62.9%
Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.
(1) The unallocated corporate items include the effects of amortization and impairments of acquisition-related intangible assets, share-based
compensation expense, significant litigation settlements and other contingencies, charges related to asset impairments and restructurings,
and certain other charges. We do not allocate these items to the gross margin for each segment because management does not include such
information in measuring the performance of the operating segments.
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
We experienced a slight gross margin percentage increase in our Americas segment due to productivity improvements, partially
offset by unfavorable impacts from pricing and product mix. The unfavorable mix of products sold in this segment was driven
by negative mix impacts from our Infrastructure Platforms products, partially offset by favorability from Security, Applications
and Other products.
The gross margin percentage decrease in our EMEA segment was due primarily to negative impacts from pricing and, to a lesser
extent, an unfavorable product mix, partially offset by productivity improvements. Lower service gross margin also contributed
to the decrease in the gross margin in this geographic segment.
46
The APJC segment gross margin percentage decreased due primarily to the negative impacts from pricing and an unfavorable
product mix, partially offset by productivity improvements. Lower service gross margin also contributed to the decrease in
the gross margin in this geographic segment. Our gross margin in this segment was also negatively impacted by specific
transactions with service providers.
The gross margin percentage for a particular segment may fluctuate, and period-to-period changes in such percentages may or
may not be indicative of a trend for that segment.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The Americas segment experienced a slight gross margin percentage decrease due to negative impacts from pricing and product
mix, partially offset by productivity improvements and the sale of the lower margin SP Video CPE Business. The unfavorable
mix impact was driven by Infrastructure Platforms products.
The gross margin percentage increase in our EMEA segment was due primarily to higher service gross margin. Product gross
margin in this segment also increased slightly due to the impact of productivity improvements, the sale of the lower margin SP
Video CPE Business and a favorable product mix, partially offset by unfavorable impacts from pricing.
The APJC segment gross margin percentage increased due primarily to higher service gross margin. Product gross margin in
this segment decreased due to negative impacts from pricing and product mix, partially offset by productivity improvements.
The unfavorable mix impact was driven by Infrastructure Platforms products.
Research and Development (“R&D”), Sales and Marketing, and General and Administrative (“G&A”) Expenses
R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A expenses are summarized in the following table (in millions, except percentages):
Research and development . .
Percentage of revenue . . . . . .
Sales and marketing. . . . . . . .
Percentage of revenue . . . . . .
General and administrative. . .
Percentage of revenue . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of revenue . . .
July 28,
2018
6,332
$
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
6,059
$
2018 vs. 2017
2017 vs. 2016
July 30,
2016
6,296
$
Variance
in Dollars
273
$
Variance
in Percent
Variance
in Dollars
(237)
Variance
in Percent
(4)%
5% $
12.8%
9,242
18.7%
2,144
4.3%
12.6%
9,184
19.1%
1,993
4.2%
12.8%
9,619
19.5%
1,814
3.7%
58
151
1%
8%
(435)
(5)%
179
10%
$
17,718
$
17,236
$
17,729
$
482
3% $
(493)
(3)%
35.9%
35.9%
36.0%
Our fiscal 2016 had an extra week compared with fiscal 2017. We estimate that the extra week in fiscal 2016 contributed
approximately $116 million of the year-over-year decrease in total operating expenses (not including share-based
compensation expense).
R&D Expenses
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
R&D expenses increased primarily due to higher headcount-related expenses, higher discretionary spending and, to a lesser extent,
higher acquisition-related costs and higher share-based compensation expense, partially offset by lower contracted services.
We continue to invest in R&D in order to bring a broad range of products to market in a timely fashion. If we believe that we
are unable to enter a particular market in a timely manner with internally developed products, we may purchase or license
technology from other businesses, or we may partner with or acquire businesses as an alternative to internal R&D.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
R&D expenses decreased primarily due to lower contracted services, lower headcount-related expenses, lower discretionary
spending and lower acquisition-related costs, partially offset by higher share-based compensation expense. Lower headcount-
related expenses were due to efficiencies related to our restructuring actions and the extra week in fiscal 2016.
47
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Sales and marketing expenses increased due to increases in headcount-related expenses, discretionary spending, share-based
compensation expense and acquisition-related costs, partially offset by a decrease in contracted services.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Sales and marketing expenses decreased due to lower headcount-related expenses, lower contracted services, lower discretionary
spending, lower acquisition-related costs and, to a lesser extent, lower share-based compensation expense. Lower headcount-
related expenses were due to efficiencies related to our restructuring actions. The extra week in fiscal 2016 also contributed to
the decrease in headcount-related expenses.
G&A Expenses
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
G&A expenses increased due to increases in contracted services, headcount-related expenses, discretionary spending,
acquisition-related/divestiture costs and share-based compensation expense, partially offset by gains on divestitures.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
G&A expenses increased primarily due to the $253 million pre-tax gain from the sale of our SP Video CPE Business recorded
during fiscal 2016 and, to a lesser extent, higher share-based compensation expense. These increases were partially offset by
lower headcount-related expenses and lower contracted services. The extra week in fiscal 2016 contributed to the decreased
headcount-related expense.
Effect of Foreign Currency
In fiscal 2018, foreign currency fluctuations, net of hedging, increased the combined R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A
expenses by approximately $93 million, or 0.5%, compared with fiscal 2017. In fiscal 2017, foreign currency fluctuations, net
of hedging, decreased the combined R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A expenses by approximately $77 million, or 0.4%,
compared with fiscal 2016.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table presents share-based compensation expense (in millions):
Years Ended
Cost of sales—product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Cost of sales—service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total share-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
94 $
133
227
538
555
246
33
1,372
1,599 $
85 $
134
219
529
542
236
3
1,310
1,529 $
July 30, 2016
70
142
212
470
545
205
26
1,246
1,458
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The increase in share-based compensation expense was due primarily to higher expense related to equity awards assumed with
respect to our recent acquisitions.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The increase in share-based compensation expense was due primarily to higher expense related to equity awards assumed with
respect to our recent acquisitions.
48
Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets
The following table presents the amortization of purchased intangible assets (in millions):
Years Ended
Amortization of purchased intangible assets:
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Operating expenses
Amortization of purchased intangible assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
640 $
556 $
221
—
861 $
259
38
853 $
577
303
—
880
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Amortization of purchased intangible assets increased slightly as amortization from our recent acquisitions was partially offset
by decreases related to SPVSS purchased intangibles which were held for sale and lower impairment charges in fiscal 2018.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Amortization of purchased intangible assets decreased due to certain purchased intangible assets having become fully
amortized and lower impairment charges in fiscal 2017, partially offset by amortization of purchased intangible assets from our
recent acquisitions.
Restructuring and Other Charges
The following table presents the restructuring and other charges (in millions):
Years Ended
Restructuring and other charges:
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Operating expenses
— $
— $
(2)
Restructuring and other charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
358
358 $
756
756 $
268
266
We initiated a restructuring plan during fiscal 2018 in order to realign our organization and enable further investment in key
priority areas, with estimated pretax charges of approximately $300 million. We expect this restructuring plan to be substantially
completed in fiscal 2019. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We incurred restructuring and other charges of $358 million during fiscal 2018, $108 million of which was related to the
restructuring plan initiated during fiscal 2018 and the remainder of which was related to the restructuring plan announced in
August 2016.
We incurred restructuring and other charges of $756 million and $266 million during fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively, in
connection with the restructuring plans announced in August 2016 and August 2014.
These charges were primarily cash-based and consisted of employee severance and other one-time termination benefits, and other
associated costs. We expect to reinvest substantially all of the cost savings from these restructuring actions in our key priority
areas. As a result, the overall cost savings from these restructuring actions are not expected to be material for future periods.
Operating Income
The following table presents our operating income and our operating income as a percentage of revenue (in millions,
except percentages):
Years Ended
Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Operating income as a percentage of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
12,309
July 29, 2017
11,973
$
July 30, 2016
12,660
$
25.0%
24.9%
25.7%
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Operating income increased by 3%, and as a percentage of revenue operating income increased by 0.1 percentage points. These
increases resulted primarily from an increase in revenue and a decrease in restructuring and other charges.
49
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Operating income decreased by 5%, and as a percentage of revenue operating income decreased by 0.8 percentage points. These
decreases resulted primarily from an increase in restructuring and other charges related to the restructuring action announced
in August 2016 and the $253 million pre-tax gain from the sale of our SP Video CPE Business recorded in fiscal 2016.
Interest and Other Income (Loss), Net
Interest Income (Expense), Net The following table summarizes interest income and interest expense (in millions):
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
July 28,
2018
1,508
(943)
565
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
1,338
(861)
477
$
$
July 30,
2016
1,005
(676)
329
$
$
2018 vs. 2017
Variance
in Dollars
170
(82)
88
$
$
2017 vs. 2016
Variance
in Dollars
333
(185)
148
$
$
Interest income increased driven by higher yields on our portfolio. The increase in interest expense was driven by the impact of
higher effective interest rates.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
Interest income increased driven by an increase in our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents, and fixed income investments as well
as higher yields on our portfolio. The increase in interest expense was driven by higher average debt balances, which includes
commercial paper notes, and the impact of higher effective interest rates on floating-rate senior notes and interest rate swaps
associated with fixed-rate senior notes.
Other Income (Loss), Net The components of other income (loss), net, are summarized as follows (in millions):
July 28,
2018
Years Ended
July 29,
2017
July 30,
2016
2018 vs. 2017
Variance
in Dollars
2017 vs. 2016
Variance
in Dollars
Gains (losses) on investments, net:
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total available-for-sale investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Privately held companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net gains (losses) on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other gains (losses), net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other income (loss), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
529
(242)
287
11
298
(133)
165
$
$
(45) $
(42)
(87)
(46)
(133)
(30)
(163) $
$
33
(34)
(1)
(35)
(36)
(33)
(69) $
574
(200)
374
57
431
(103)
328
$
$
(78)
(8)
(86)
(11)
(97)
3
(94)
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The change in total net gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments was primarily attributable to higher realized gains on
publicly traded equity securities and lower impairment charges on publicly traded equity securities, partially offset by higher
realized losses on fixed income securities as a result of market conditions and the timing of sales of these securities.
The change in net gains (losses) on investments in privately held companies was primarily due to lower impairment charges
partially offset by lower realized gains on investments in privately held companies.
The change in other gains (losses), net was primarily driven by higher donation expense, net unfavorable foreign exchange
impacts and impacts from equity derivatives.
50
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The change in total net gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments was driven by $74 million of impairment charges on
publicly traded equity securities.
The change in net gains (losses) on investments in privately held companies was primarily due to higher impairment charges on
investments in privately held companies, partially offset by higher realized gains on investments in privately held companies.
The change in other gains (losses), net was driven by lower donation expense partially offset by impacts from customer lease
terminations, foreign exchange and equity derivatives.
Provision for Income Taxes
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
The provision for income taxes resulted in an effective tax rate of 99.2% for fiscal 2018, compared with 21.8% for fiscal 2017.
The net 77.4 percentage point increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the mandatory one-time transition tax on
accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, foreign withholding tax, and DTA re-measurement during fiscal 2018.
During fiscal 2018, we recorded a provisional tax expense of $10.4 billion related to the Tax Act, comprised of $8.1 billion of
U.S. transition tax, $1.2 billion of foreign withholding tax, and $1.1 billion re-measurement of net DTA. We plan to pay the
transition tax in installments over eight years in accordance with the Tax Act. The Tax Act is discussed more fully in Note 16 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As a result of the adoption of the new accounting standard on share-based compensation in fiscal 2018, our effective tax rate will
increase or decrease based upon the tax effect of the difference between the share-based compensation expenses and the benefits
taken on the company's tax returns. We recognize excess tax benefits on a discrete basis and therefore anticipate the effective
tax rate to vary from quarter to quarter depending on our share price in each period.
For a full reconciliation of our effective tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 27% and for further explanation of our
provision for income taxes, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016
The provision for income taxes resulted in an effective tax rate of 21.8% for fiscal 2017, compared with 16.9% for fiscal 2016.
The net 4.9 percentage point increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the recognition of a net benefit to the
provision for income taxes in fiscal 2016 related to our settlement with the IRS of all outstanding items covering fiscal 2008
through fiscal 2010 and reinstatement of the U.S. federal R&D tax credit on December 18, 2015.
51
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following sections discuss the effects of changes in our balance sheet, our capital allocation strategy including stock
repurchase program and dividends, our contractual obligations, and certain other commitments and activities on our liquidity
and capital resources.
Balance Sheet and Cash Flows
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents and investments
(in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
$
8,934 $
37,009
605
46,548 $
$
July 29, 2017
Increase
(Decrease)
11,708 $
57,077
1,707
70,492 $
(2,774)
(20,068)
(1,102)
(23,944)
The net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and investments from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018 was primarily driven by cash
returned to shareholders in the form of repurchases of common stock of $17.5 billion under the stock repurchase program and
cash dividends of $6.0 billion, net decrease in debt of $8.0 billion, net cash paid for acquisitions of $3.0 billion, the timing of
settlements of investments and other of $2.0 billion, and capital expenditures of $0.8 billion. These uses of cash were partially
offset by cash provided by operating activities of $13.7 billion.
In fiscal 2018, we repatriated $70 billion of foreign subsidiary earnings to the U.S. (in the form of cash, cash equivalents, or
investments), and paid foreign withholding tax of $1.2 billion. We also paid approximately $125 million of other one-time
foreign taxes as a result of the Tax Act. Future repatriation of cash and other property held by our foreign subsidiaries will
generally not be subject to U.S. federal tax. As we evaluate the impact of the Tax Act and the future cash needs of our global
operations, we may revise the amount of foreign earnings considered to be permanently reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries.
In addition to cash requirements in the normal course of business, on August 2, 2018 we announced our intent to acquire
Duo Security, Inc. for a purchase consideration of approximately $2.35 billion in cash and assumed equity awards. See
further discussion of liquidity and future payments under “Contractual Obligations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resource
Requirements” below.
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. We classify our investments as short-term
investments based on their nature and their availability for use in current operations. We believe the overall credit quality of
our portfolio is strong, with our cash equivalents and our fixed income investment portfolio consisting primarily of high quality
investment-grade securities. We believe that our strong cash and cash equivalents and investments position allows us to use our
cash resources for strategic investments to gain access to new technologies, for acquisitions, for customer financing activities,
for working capital needs, and for the repurchase of shares of common stock and payment of dividends as discussed below.
Free Cash Flow and Capital Allocation As part of our capital allocation strategy, we intend to return a minimum of 50% of our
free cash flow annually to our shareholders through cash dividends and repurchases of common stock.
We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less cash used to acquire property and equipment. The
following table reconciles our net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow (in millions):
Years Ended
Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition of property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Free cash flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
13,666
$
(834)
12,832
$
July 29, 2017
13,876
$
(964)
12,912
$
July 30, 2016
13,570
$
(1,146)
12,424
$
We expect that cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including
fluctuations in our operating results, the rate at which products are shipped during the quarter (which we refer to as shipment
linearity), the timing and collection of accounts receivable and financing receivables, inventory and supply chain management,
deferred revenue and the timing and amount of tax and other payments. For additional discussion, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk
Factors” in this report.
52
We consider free cash flow to be a liquidity measure that provides useful information to management and investors because
of our intent to return a stated percentage of free cash flow to shareholders in the form of dividends and stock repurchases.
We further regard free cash flow as a useful measure because it reflects cash that can be used to, among other things, invest in
our business, make strategic acquisitions, repurchase common stock, and pay dividends on our common stock, after deducting
capital investments. A limitation of the utility of free cash flow as a measure of financial performance and liquidity is that
the free cash flow does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the period. In addition, we have
other required uses of cash, including repaying the principal of our outstanding indebtedness. Free cash flow is not a measure
calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and should not be regarded in isolation or as an
alternative for net income provided by operating activities or any other measure calculated in accordance with such principles,
and other companies may calculate free cash flow in a different manner than we do.
The following table summarizes the dividends paid and stock repurchases (in millions, except per-share amounts):
DIVIDENDS
STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM
TOTAL
Years Ended
July 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Per Share
Amount
Shares
Weighted-Average
Price per Share
Amount
Amount
1.24 $
1.10 $
0.94 $
5,968
5,511
4,750
432 $
118 $
148 $
40.88 $ 17,661 $ 23,629
9,217
31.38 $
8,668
26.45 $
3,706 $
3,918 $
Any future dividends are subject to the approval of our Board of Directors.
On February 14, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized a $25 billion increase to the stock repurchase program. The remaining
authorized amount for stock repurchases under this program, including the additional authorization, is approximately
$19.0 billion, with no termination date. We expect to utilize this remaining authorized amount for stock repurchases over the
next 12 to 18 months.
The purchase price for the shares of our stock repurchased is reflected as a reduction to shareholders’ equity. We are required to
allocate the purchase price of the repurchased shares as (i) a reduction to retained earnings and (ii) a reduction of common stock
and additional paid-in capital. As a result of future stock repurchases, we may report an accumulated deficit in future periods
in shareholders’ equity.
Accounts Receivable, Net The following table summarizes our accounts receivable, net (in millions):
Accounts receivable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
5,554
$
July 29, 2017
5,146
$
Increase
(Decrease)
408
$
Our accounts receivable net, as of July 28, 2018 increased by approximately 8% compared with the end of fiscal 2017, primarily
due to higher product billings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 compared with the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.
Inventory Supply Chain The following table summarizes our inventories and purchase commitments with contract manufacturers
and suppliers (in millions):
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
1,846
$
July 29, 2017
1,616
$
Increase
(Decrease)
230
$
Inventory as of July 28, 2018 increased by 14% from our inventory balance at the end of fiscal 2017. The increase in inventory
was due to an increase in raw materials due to securing memory supply which is currently constrained and also higher levels of
manufactured finished goods in support of current order activity.
Our finished goods consist of distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales and manufactured finished goods. Distributor
inventory and deferred cost of sales are related to unrecognized revenue on shipments to distributors and retail partners as well
as shipments to customers. Manufactured finished goods consist primarily of build-to-order and build-to-stock products.
We purchase components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services
for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate
component supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that allow them to procure inventory
based upon criteria as defined by us or that establish the parameters defining our requirements and our commitment to securing
manufacturing capacity.
53
Our purchase commitments are for short-term product manufacturing requirements as well as for commitments to suppliers
to secure manufacturing capacity. Certain of our purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers relate to
arrangements to secure long-term pricing for certain product components for multi-year periods. A significant portion of our
reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. In
certain instances, these agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business
needs prior to firm orders being placed. We believe our inventory and purchase commitments levels are in line with our current
demand forecasts. The following table summarizes our purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers as of
the respective period ends (in millions):
Commitments by Period
Less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
1 to 3 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 to 5 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
4,620
20
—
4,640
5,407 $
710
360
6,477 $
Purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers increased by approximately 40% compared to the end of
fiscal 2017. On a combined basis, inventories and purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers increased
by 33% compared with the end of fiscal 2017.
Inventory and supply chain management remain areas of focus as we balance the need to maintain supply chain flexibility to
help ensure competitive lead times with the risk of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer
requirements. We believe the amount of our inventory and purchase commitments is appropriate for our revenue levels.
Financing Receivables and Guarantees The following table summarizes our financing receivables (in millions):
Lease receivables, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan receivables, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financed service contracts, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
July 28, 2018
$
2,576 $
4,939
2,316
9,831 $
July 29, 2017
Increase
(Decrease)
2,650 $
4,457
2,487
9,594 $
(74)
482
(171)
237
Financing Receivables Our financing arrangements include leases, loans, and financed service contracts. Lease receivables
include sales-type and direct-financing leases. Arrangements related to leases are generally collateralized by a security interest
in the underlying assets. Our loan receivables include customer financing for purchases of our hardware, software and services
and also may include additional funds for other costs associated with network installation and integration of our products and
services. We also provide financing to certain qualified customers for long-term service contracts, which primarily relate to
technical support services. The majority of the revenue from these financed service contracts is deferred and is recognized
ratably over the period during which the services are performed. Financing receivables increased by 2%. We expect to continue
to expand the use of our financing programs in the near term.
Financing Guarantees In the normal course of business, third parties may provide financing arrangements to our customers
and channel partners under financing programs. The financing arrangements to customers provided by third parties are related
to leases and loans and typically have terms of up to three years. In some cases, we provide guarantees to third parties for these
lease and loan arrangements. The financing arrangements to channel partners consist of revolving short-term financing provided
by third parties, generally with payment terms ranging from 60 to 90 days. In certain instances, these financing arrangements
result in a transfer of our receivables to the third party. The receivables are derecognized upon transfer, as these transfers qualify
as true sales, and we receive payments for the receivables from the third party based on our standard payment terms.
54
The volume of channel partner financing was $28.2 billion, $27.0 billion, and $26.9 billion in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016,
respectively. These financing arrangements facilitate the working capital requirements of the channel partners, and in some
cases, we guarantee a portion of these arrangements. The balance of the channel partner financing subject to guarantees was
$953 million and $1.0 billion as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively. We could be called upon to make payments under
these guarantees in the event of nonpayment by the channel partners or end-user customers. Historically, our payments under
these arrangements have been immaterial. Where we provide a guarantee, we defer the revenue associated with the channel
partner and end-user financing arrangement in accordance with revenue recognition policies, or we record a liability for the
fair value of the guarantees. In either case, the deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when the guarantee is removed. As
of July 28, 2018, the total maximum potential future payments related to these guarantees was approximately $308 million, of
which approximately $122 million was recorded as deferred revenue.
Borrowings
Senior Notes The following table summarizes the principal amount of our senior notes (in millions):
Maturity Date
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
Senior notes:
Floating-rate notes:
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.60% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 21, 2018
June 15, 2018
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.31% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 1, 2019
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.34% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2019
Fixed-rate notes:
June 15, 2018
1.40% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2018
1.65% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.95% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 15, 2019
1.60% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2019
2.125% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 1, 2019
1.40% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2019
4.45% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.45% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.20% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2021
2.90% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 4, 2021
1.85% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2021
3.00% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.60% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2023
2.20% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2023
3.625% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 4, 2024
June 15, 2025
3.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.95% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2026
2.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2026
5.90% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 15, 2039
January 15, 2040
5.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
January 15, 2020
June 15, 2020
June 15, 2022
$
$
— $
—
500
500
—
—
2,000
1,000
1,750
1,500
2,500
1,500
2,500
500
2,000
500
500
750
1,000
500
750
1,500
2,000
2,000
25,750 $
1,000
900
500
500
1,250
1,600
2,000
1,000
1,750
1,500
2,500
1,500
2,500
500
2,000
500
500
750
1,000
500
750
1,500
2,000
2,000
30,500
Interest is payable semiannually on each class of the senior fixed-rate notes, each of which is redeemable by us at any time,
subject to a make-whole premium. Interest is payable quarterly on the floating-rate notes. We were in compliance with all debt
covenants as of July 28, 2018.
Commercial Paper We have a short-term debt financing program in which up to $10.0 billion is available through the
issuance of commercial paper notes. We use the proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper notes for general corporate
purposes. We had no commercial paper notes and $3.2 billion in commercial paper notes outstanding as of July 28, 2018 and
July 29, 2017, respectively.
55
Credit Facility On May 15, 2015, we entered into a credit agreement with certain institutional lenders that provides for a
$3.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility that is scheduled to expire on May 15, 2020. Any advances under the credit
agreement will accrue interest at rates that are equal to, based on certain conditions, either (i) the highest of (a) the Federal
Funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) Bank of America’s “prime rate” as announced from time to time, or (c) LIBOR, or a comparable or
successor rate that is approved by the Administrative Agent (“Eurocurrency Rate”), for an interest period of one month plus
1.00%, or (ii) the Eurocurrency Rate, plus a margin that is based on our senior debt credit ratings as published by Standard &
Poor’s Financial Services, LLC and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., provided that in no event will the Eurocurrency Rate be less
than zero. We may also, upon the agreement of either the then-existing lenders or additional lenders not currently parties to the
agreement, increase the commitments under the credit facility by up to an additional $2.0 billion and/or extend the expiration
date of the credit facility up to May 15, 2022. This credit agreement requires that we comply with certain covenants, including
that we maintain an interest coverage ratio as defined in the agreement. As of July 28, 2018, we were in compliance with the
required interest coverage ratio and the other covenants, and we had not borrowed any funds under the credit facility.
Deferred Revenue The following table presents the breakdown of deferred revenue (in millions):
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product:
Deferred revenue related to recurring software and subscription offers . . . . . . . . . .
Other product deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total product deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reported as:
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noncurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
11,431
$
July 29, 2017
$ 11,302 $
Increase
(Decrease)
129
6,120
2,134
8,254
19,685
11,490
8,195
19,685
$
$
$
4,971
2,221
7,192
$ 18,494 $
1,149
(87)
1,062
1,191
$ 10,821 $
7,673
$ 18,494 $
669
522
1,191
Total deferred revenue increased 6% in fiscal 2018. Deferred product revenue increased 15% primarily due to product deferred
revenue related to recurring software and subscription offers, which grew 23% on a year-over-year basis to $6.1 billion.
Deferred service revenue increased 1%, driven by the impact of contract renewals, partially offset by amortization of deferred
service revenue.
Contractual Obligations
The impact of contractual obligations on our liquidity and capital resources in future periods should be analyzed in conjunction
with the factors that impact our cash flows from operations discussed previously. In addition, we plan for and measure our
liquidity and capital resources through an annual budgeting process. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations
at July 28, 2018 (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase commitments with contract manufacturers
and suppliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other purchase obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Senior notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transition tax payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other long-term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total by period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other long-term liabilities (uncertainty in the timing
of future payments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAYMENTS DUE BY PERIOD
1 to 3
Years
Less than 1
Year
3 to 5
Years
More than
5 Years
Total
$
1,220
$
392
$
483
$
234
$
111
5,407
956
5,250
787
—
12,792
$
710
976
9,000
1,302
264
12,735
$
360
125
3,000
1,302
168
5,189
$
—
135
8,500
4,703
861
14,310
$
6,477
2,192
25,750
8,094
1,293
45,026
1,419
46,445
$
$
Operating Leases For more information on our operating leases, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
56
Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers We purchase components from a variety of suppliers and use
several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. Our purchase commitments are for short-term
product manufacturing requirements as well as for commitments to suppliers to secure manufacturing capacity. Certain of our
purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers relate to arrangements to secure long-term pricing for certain
product components for multi-year periods. A significant portion of our reported estimated purchase commitments arising from
these agreements are firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. We record a liability for firm, noncancelable, and
unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our
excess and obsolete inventory. See further discussion in “Inventory Supply Chain.” As of July 28, 2018, the liability for these
purchase commitments was $159 million and is recorded in other current liabilities and is not included in the preceding table.
Other Purchase Obligations Other purchase obligations represent an estimate of all contractual obligations in the ordinary
course of business, other than operating leases and commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers, for which we
have not received the goods or services. Purchase orders are not included in the preceding table as they typically represent our
authorization to purchase rather than binding contractual purchase obligations.
Long-Term Debt The amount of long-term debt in the preceding table represents the principal amount of the respective debt
instruments. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Transition Tax Payable In connection with the Tax Act, we recorded an income tax payable of $8.1 billion for the U.S. transition
tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Amounts associated with the Tax Act are considered provisional and may
be subject to further adjustment during the measurement period. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Long-Term Liabilities Other long-term liabilities primarily include noncurrent income taxes payable, accrued liabilities
for deferred compensation, deferred tax liabilities, and certain other long-term liabilities. Due to the uncertainty in the timing of
future payments, our noncurrent income taxes payable of approximately $1,278 million and deferred tax liabilities of $141 million
were presented as one aggregated amount in the total column on a separate line in the preceding table. Noncurrent income taxes
payable include uncertain tax positions. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Commitments
In connection with our acquisitions, we have agreed to pay certain additional amounts contingent upon the achievement of
certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones or the continued employment with us of certain
employees of the acquired entities. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We also have certain funding commitments primarily related to our investments in privately held companies and venture funds,
some of which are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded
on demand. The funding commitments were $223 million as of July 28, 2018, compared with $216 million as of July 29, 2017.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We consider our investments in unconsolidated variable interest entities to be off-balance sheet arrangements. In the ordinary
course of business, we have investments in privately held companies including venture funds and provide financing to certain
customers. Certain of these investments are considered to be variable interest entities. We evaluate on an ongoing basis our
investments in these privately held companies and customer financings, and we have determined that as of July 28, 2018 there
were no material unconsolidated variable interest entities.
On an ongoing basis, we reassess our investments in privately held companies and customer financings to determine if they are
variable interest entities and if we would be regarded as the primary beneficiary pursuant to the applicable accounting guidance.
As a result of this ongoing assessment, we may be required to make additional disclosures or consolidate these entities. Because
we may not control these entities, we may not have the ability to influence these events.
We provide financing guarantees, which are generally for various third-party financing arrangements extended to our channel partners
and end-user customers. We could be called upon to make payments under these guarantees in the event of nonpayment by the channel
partners or end-user customers. See the previous discussion of these financing guarantees under “Financing Receivables and Guarantees.”
Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements
Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents, investments, cash generated
from operations, and ability to access capital markets and committed credit lines will satisfy, through at least the next 12 months,
our liquidity requirements, both in total and domestically, including the following: working capital needs, capital expenditures,
investment requirements, stock repurchases, cash dividends, contractual obligations, commitments, principal and interest
payments on debt, pending acquisitions, future customer financings, and other liquidity requirements associated with our
operations. There are no other transactions, arrangements, or relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that
are reasonably likely to materially affect the liquidity and the availability of, as well as our requirements for, capital resources.
57
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our financial position is exposed to a variety of risks, including interest rate risk, equity price risk, and foreign currency
exchange risk.
Interest Rate Risk
Fixed Income Securities We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. Our primary objective
for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate investment return consistent with preserving principal and
managing risk. At any time, a sharp rise in market interest rates could have a material adverse impact on the fair value of
our fixed income investment portfolio. Conversely, declines in interest rates, including the impact from lower credit spreads,
could have a material adverse impact on interest income for our investment portfolio. We may utilize derivative instruments
designated as hedging instruments to achieve our investment objectives. We had no outstanding hedging instruments for our
fixed income securities as of July 28, 2018. Our fixed income investments are held for purposes other than trading. Our fixed
income investments are not leveraged as of July 28, 2018. We monitor our interest rate and credit risks, including our credit
exposures to specific rating categories and to individual issuers. We believe the overall credit quality of our portfolio is strong.
The following tables present the hypothetical fair values of our fixed income securities, including the hedging effects when
applicable, as a result of selected potential market decreases and increases in interest rates. The market changes reflect immediate
hypothetical parallel shifts in the yield curve of plus or minus 50 basis points (“BPS”), plus 100 BPS, and plus 150 BPS. The
hypothetical fair values as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 are as follows (in millions):
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . .
VALUATION OF SECURITIES
GIVEN AN INTEREST RATE
DECREASE OF X BASIS POINTS
(100 BPS)
$37,527
(50 BPS)
$37,268
(150 BPS)
$37,786
VALUATION OF SECURITIES
GIVEN AN INTEREST RATE
DECREASE OF X BASIS POINTS
(100 BPS)
$58,177
(50 BPS)
$57,627
(150 BPS)
$58,728
FAIR VALUE
AS OF
JULY 28, 2018
$37,009
VALUATION OF SECURITIES
GIVEN AN INTEREST RATE
INCREASE OF X BASIS POINTS
100 BPS
50 BPS
$36,491
$36,750
150 BPS
$36,231
FAIR VALUE
AS OF
JULY 29, 2017
$57,077
VALUATION OF SECURITIES
GIVEN AN INTEREST RATE
INCREASE OF X BASIS POINTS
100 BPS
50 BPS
$55,977
$56,527
150 BPS
$55,426
Financing Receivables As of July 28, 2018, our financing receivables had a carrying value of $9.8 billion, compared with
$9.6 billion as of July 29, 2017. As of July 28, 2018, a hypothetical 50 BPS increase or decrease in market interest rates would
change the fair value of our financing receivables by a decrease or increase of approximately $0.1 billion, respectively.
Debt As of July 28, 2018, we had $25.8 billion in principal amount of senior notes outstanding, which consisted of $1.0 billion
in floating-rate notes and $24.8 billion in fixed-rate notes. The carrying amount of the senior notes was $25.6 billion, and the
related fair value based on market prices was $26.4 billion. As of July 28, 2018, a hypothetical 50 BPS increase or decrease in
market interest rates would change the fair value of the fixed-rate debt, excluding the $6.8 billion of hedged debt, by a decrease
or increase of approximately $0.5 billion, respectively. However, this hypothetical change in interest rates would not impact the
interest expense on the fixed-rate debt that is not hedged.
Equity Price Risk
The fair value of our equity investments in publicly traded companies is subject to market price volatility. We may hold equity
securities for strategic purposes or to diversify our overall investment portfolio. Our equity portfolio consists of securities with
characteristics that most closely match the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index or Nasdaq Composite Index. These equity securities are
held for purposes other than trading. To manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of certain equity securities, we may
enter into equity derivatives designated as hedging instruments.
Publicly Traded Equity Securities The following tables present the hypothetical fair values of publicly traded equity securities
as a result of selected potential decreases and increases in the price of each equity security in the portfolio, excluding hedged
equity securities, if any. Potential fluctuations in the price of each equity security in the portfolio of plus or minus 10%, 20%,
and 30% were selected based on potential near-term changes in those security prices.
58
The hypothetical fair values as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 are as follows (in millions):
VALUATION OF
SECURITIES
GIVEN AN X%
DECREASE IN
EACH STOCK’S PRICE
(20)%
$484
(10)%
$545
(30)%
$424
VALUATION OF
SECURITIES
GIVEN AN X%
DECREASE IN
EACH STOCK’S PRICE
(20)%
$1,366
(30)%
$1,195
(10)%
$1,536
FAIR VALUE
AS OF
JULY 28, 2018
$605
FAIR VALUE
AS OF
JULY 29, 2017
$1,707
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . .
VALUATION OF
SECURITIES
GIVEN AN X%
INCREASE IN
EACH STOCK’S PRICE
20%
$726
30%
$787
10%
$666
VALUATION OF
SECURITIES
GIVEN AN X%
INCREASE IN
EACH STOCK’S PRICE
20%
$2,048
10%
$1,878
30%
$2,219
Investments in Privately Held Companies We have also invested in privately held companies. These investments are recorded in
other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are accounted for using primarily either the cost or the equity method. As
of July 28, 2018, the total carrying amount of our investments in privately held companies was $1,096 million, compared with
$983 million at July 29, 2017. Some of the privately held companies in which we invested are in the startup or development stages.
These investments are inherently risky because the markets for the technologies or products these companies are developing are
typically in the early stages and may never materialize. We could lose our entire investment in these companies. Our evaluation
of investments in privately held companies is based on the fundamentals of the businesses invested in, including, among other
factors, the nature of their technologies and potential for financial return.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our foreign exchange forward and option contracts outstanding at fiscal year-end are summarized in U.S. dollar equivalents as
follows (in millions):
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Forward contracts:
Purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Sold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
1,850 $
845 $
Option contracts:
Purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Sold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
— $
— $
(2)
2
$
$
— $
— $
2,562 $
729 $
528 $
486 $
39
(2)
7
(1)
We conduct business globally in numerous currencies. The direct effect of foreign currency fluctuations on revenue has not
been material because our revenue is primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. However, if the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to
other currencies, such strengthening could have an indirect effect on our revenue to the extent it raises the cost of our products
to non-U.S. customers and thereby reduces demand. A weaker U.S. dollar could have the opposite effect. However, the precise
indirect effect of currency fluctuations is difficult to measure or predict because our revenue is influenced by many factors in
addition to the impact of such currency fluctuations.
Approximately 70% of our operating expenses are U.S.-dollar denominated. In fiscal 2018, foreign currency fluctuations, net of hedging,
increased our combined R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A expenses by approximately $93 million, or 0.5%, as compared with fiscal
2017. In fiscal 2017, foreign currency fluctuations, net of hedging, decreased our combined R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A expenses
by approximately $77 million, or 0.4%, as compared with fiscal 2016. To reduce variability in operating expenses and service cost of sales
caused by non-U.S.-dollar denominated operating expenses and costs, we may hedge certain forecasted foreign currency transactions
with currency options and forward contracts. These hedging programs are not designed to provide foreign currency protection over
long time horizons. In designing a specific hedging approach, we consider several factors, including offsetting exposures, significance
of exposures, costs associated with entering into a particular hedge instrument, and potential effectiveness of the hedge. The gains and
losses on foreign exchange contracts mitigate the effect of currency movements on our operating expenses and service cost of sales.
We also enter into foreign exchange forward and option contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations
on receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the entities. The market risks
associated with these foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables relate primarily to variances from our forecasted foreign
currency transactions and balances. We do not enter into foreign exchange forward or option contracts for speculative purposes.
59
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
61
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
62
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
63
Consolidated Balance Sheets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Consolidated Statements of Operations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
64
65
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
66
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Consolidated Statements of Equity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
67
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
68
68
Note 1: Basis of Presentation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
68
76
Note 3: Acquisitions and Divestitures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
78
Note 4: Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
81
Note 5: Restructuring and Other Charges � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
82
Note 6: Balance Sheet Details � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Note 7: Financing Receivables and Operating Leases � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
83
86
Note 8: Investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Note 9: Fair Value � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
89
91
Note 10: Borrowings � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
93
Note 11: Derivative Instruments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Note 12: Commitments and Contingencies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
96
Note 13: Shareholders’ Equity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 101
Note 14: Employee Benefit Plans � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102
Note 15: Comprehensive Income (Loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107
Note 16: Income Taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108
Note 17: Segment Information and Major Customers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 111
Note 18: Net Income per Share � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 113
Supplementary Financial Data � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 114
60
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Cisco Systems, Inc�
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cisco Systems, Inc� and its subsidiaries (“the Company”)
as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss),
cash flows and equity for each of the three years in the period ended July 28, 2018, including the related notes and schedule of
valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the three years in the period ended July 28, 2018 appearing under Item 15(a)(2)
(collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”)� We also have audited the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting as of July 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)�
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of the Company as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended July 28, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America� Also
in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 28,
2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO�
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control
over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the
accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting� Our responsibility is to express opinions
on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on
our audits� We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U�S� federal securities laws
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB�
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB� Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement,
whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects�
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement
of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks�
Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
financial statements� Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements� Our audit of internal control
over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that
a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the
assessed risk� Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances� We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions�
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles� A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions
of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation
of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the
company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements�
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements� Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate�
San Jose, California
September 6, 2018
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1988�
61
Reports of Management
Statement of Management’s Responsibility
Cisco’s management has always assumed full accountability for maintaining compliance with our established financial
accounting policies and for reporting our results with objectivity and the highest degree of integrity� It is critical for investors
and other users of the Consolidated Financial Statements to have confidence that the financial information that we provide is
timely, complete, relevant, and accurate� Management is responsible for the fair presentation of Cisco’s Consolidated Financial
Statements, prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and has full
responsibility for their integrity and accuracy�
Management, with oversight by Cisco’s Board of Directors, has established and maintains a strong ethical climate so that our
affairs are conducted to the highest standards of personal and corporate conduct� Management also has established an effective
system of internal controls� Cisco’s policies and practices reflect corporate governance initiatives that are compliant with the
listing requirements of Nasdaq and the corporate governance requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002�
We are committed to enhancing shareholder value and fully understand and embrace our fiduciary oversight responsibilities�
We are dedicated to ensuring that our high standards of financial accounting and reporting, as well as our underlying system
of internal controls, are maintained� Our culture demands integrity, and we have the highest confidence in our processes,
our internal controls and our people, who are objective in their responsibilities and who operate under the highest level of
ethical standards�
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Cisco� Internal
control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles� Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance
of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have
a material effect on the financial statements�
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements� Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate�
Management (with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer) conducted an evaluation
of the effectiveness of Cisco’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission� Based
on this evaluation, management concluded that Cisco’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of July 28,
2018� PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of Cisco’s
internal control over financial reporting and has issued a report on Cisco’s internal control over financial reporting, which is
included in their report on the preceding page�
Charles H� Robbins
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
September 6, 2018
Kelly A� Kramer
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
September 6, 2018
62
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions, except par value)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
of $129 at July 28, 2018 and $211 at July 29, 2017� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Inventories � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Financing receivables, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other current assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total current assets� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Property and equipment, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Financing receivables, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Goodwill � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Purchased intangible assets, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred tax assets� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
TOTAL ASSETS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accounts payable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Income taxes payable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accrued compensation� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred revenue � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other current liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total current liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Long-term debt � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Income taxes payable� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred revenue � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other long-term liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Equity:
Cisco shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value: 5 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding � � � � � � � �
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0�001 par value: 20,000 shares
authorized; 4,614 and 4,983 shares issued and outstanding at July 28, 2018 and
July 29, 2017, respectively � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Retained earnings � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total Cisco shareholders’ equity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Noncontrolling interests � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total equity� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements�
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
$
8,934
37,614
$
11,708
58,784
5,554
1,846
4,949
2,940
61,837
3,006
4,882
31,706
2,552
3,219
1,582
108,784
5,238
1,904
1,004
2,986
11,490
4,413
27,035
20,331
8,585
8,195
1,434
65,580
$
$
5,146
1,616
4,856
1,593
83,703
3,322
4,738
29,766
2,539
4,239
1,511
129,818
7,992
1,385
98
2,895
10,821
4,392
27,583
25,725
1,250
7,673
1,450
63,681
—
—
42,820
1,233
(849)
43,204
—
43,204
108,784
45,253
20,838
46
66,137
—
66,137
129,818
$
$
$
$
63
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in millions, except per-share amounts)
Years Ended
REVENUE:
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Product � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Service � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total revenue � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
$
COST OF SALES:
Product � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Service � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total cost of sales � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
GROSS MARGIN � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Sales and marketing � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
General and administrative � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Amortization of purchased intangible assets� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Restructuring and other charges � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total operating expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
OPERATING INCOME � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Interest income� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Interest expense � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other income (loss), net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Interest and other income (loss), net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES � � � � � � � � � � � �
Provision for income taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
NET INCOME � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net income per share:
Basic � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Diluted � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Shares used in per-share calculation:
Basic � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Diluted � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
36,709
12,621
49,330
14,427
4,297
18,724
30,606
6,332
9,242
2,144
221
358
18,297
12,309
1,508
(943)
165
730
13,039
12,929
110
0.02
0.02
4,837
4,881
$
$
$
$
35,705
12,300
48,005
13,699
4,082
17,781
30,224
6,059
9,184
1,993
259
756
18,251
11,973
1,338
(861)
(163)
314
12,287
2,678
9,609
1�92
1�90
5,010
5,049
37,254
11,993
49,247
14,161
4,126
18,287
30,960
6,296
9,619
1,814
303
268
18,300
12,660
1,005
(676)
(69)
260
12,920
2,181
10,739
2�13
2�11
5,053
5,088
Cash dividends declared per common share � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
$
1.24
$
1�10
$
0�94
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements�
64
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in millions)
Years Ended
Net income� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
July 28, 2018
110
$
July 29, 2017
9,609
$
July 30, 2016
10,739
$
Available-for-sale investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses, net of tax benefit (expense)
of $(11), $74, and $(49) for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively � � � � � � � �
Net (gains) losses reclassified into earnings, net of tax expense (benefit)
of $104, $(37), and $0 for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively � � � � � � � � �
Cash flow hedging instruments:
Change in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax benefit (expense)
of $(3), $(5), and $7 for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively � � � � � � � � � � �
Net (gains) losses reclassified into earnings, net of tax (benefit) expense
of $7, $(5), and $(4) for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively � � � � � � � � � � �
(554)
(183)
(737)
18
(61)
(43)
(89)
50
(39)
17
74
91
92
1
93
(59)
16
(43)
Net change in cumulative translation adjustment and actuarial
gains and losses, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(8), $(13), and $(42)
for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests� � � � � � � � � � � � �
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cisco Systems, Inc� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
$
(160)
(940)
(830)
—
(830) $
321
373
9,982
(1)
9,981
$
(447)
(397)
10,342
10
10,352
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements�
65
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions)
Years Ended
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � $
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, and other � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Share-based compensation expense� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Provision (benefit) for receivables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred income taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
(Gains) losses on divestitures, investments and other, net� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects
of acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Inventories � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Financing receivables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accounts payable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Income taxes, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accrued compensation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred revenue � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other liabilities� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net cash provided by operating activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Proceeds from sales of investments� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Proceeds from maturities of investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired � � � � � � �
Proceeds from business divestitures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Purchases of investments in privately held companies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Return of investments in privately held companies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Acquisition of property and equipment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuances of common stock � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Repurchases of common stock - repurchase program� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting
of restricted stock units � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Short-term borrowings, original maturities of 90 days or less, net � � � � � � � � �
Issuances of debt � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Repayments of debt � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Dividends paid � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net cash used in financing activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of fiscal year � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Cash and cash equivalents, end of fiscal year � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � $
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � $
Cash paid for income taxes, net� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � $
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements�
66
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
110
$
9,609
$
10,739
2,192
1,576
(134)
900
—
(322)
(269)
(244)
(219)
66
504
8,118
100
1,205
83
13,666
(14,285)
17,706
15,769
(3,006)
27
(267)
168
(834)
59
(13)
15,324
623
(17,547)
(703)
(2,502)
6,877
(12,375)
—
(5,968)
(169)
(31,764)
(2,774)
11,708
8,934
910
3,911
$
$
$
2,286
1,526
(8)
(124)
(153)
154
756
(394)
(1,038)
15
311
60
(110)
1,683
(697)
13,876
(42,702)
28,827
12,143
(3,324)
—
(222)
203
(964)
7
39
(5,993)
708
(3,685)
(619)
2,497
6,980
(4,151)
153
(5,511)
(178)
(3,806)
4,077
7,631
11,708
897
2,742
$
$
$
2,150
1,458
(9)
(194)
(129)
(317)
(404)
315
(150)
(37)
(65)
(300)
(101)
1,219
(605)
13,570
(46,760)
28,778
14,115
(3,161)
372
(256)
91
(1,146)
41
(191)
(8,117)
1,127
(3,909)
(557)
(4)
6,978
(3,863)
129
(4,750)
150
(4,699)
754
6,877
7,631
859
2,675
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(in millions, except per-share amounts)
Common Stock
and
Additional
Paid-In Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total Cisco
Shareholders’
Equity
Non-
controlling
Interests
Retained
Earnings
Shares of
Common
Stock
5,085 $
BALANCE AT JULY 25, 2015 � � � � � � � � � � �
Net income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � �
Issuance of common stock � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Repurchase of common stock � � � � � � � � � � � �
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings
on vesting of restricted stock units � � � � � � � �
Cash dividends declared ($0�94 per
common share) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Tax effects from employee stock
incentive plans � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Share-based compensation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Purchase acquisitions and other � � � � � � � � � � �
BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2016 � � � � � � � � � � �
Net income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � �
Issuance of common stock � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Repurchase of common stock � � � � � � � � � � � �
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings
on vesting of restricted stock units � � � � � � � �
Cash dividends declared ($1�10 per
common share) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Tax effects from employee stock
incentive plans � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Share-based compensation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Purchase acquisitions and other � � � � � � � � � � �
BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2017 � � � � � � � � � �
Net income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � �
Issuance of common stock � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Repurchase of common stock � � � � � � � � � � �
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings
on vesting of restricted stock units � � � � � � �
Cash dividends declared ($1.24 per
common share) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Effect of adoption of accounting
standards � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Share-based compensation � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Purchase acquisitions and other � � � � � � � � �
BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018 � � � � � � � � � �
43,592 $
16,045 $
10,739
61 $
(387)
113
(148)
(21)
1,127
(1,280)
(557)
30
1,458
146
44,516 $
5,029 $
92
(118)
(20)
708
(1,050)
(619)
(10)
1,540
168
45,253 $
4,983 $
83
(432)
(20)
623
(3,950)
(703)
(2,638)
(4,750)
19,396 $
9,609
(326) $
372
(2,656)
(5,511)
20,838 $
110
46 $
(940)
(13,711)
(5,968)
1,576
21
42,820 $
4,614 $
(36)
45
1,233 $
(849) $
59,698 $
10,739
(387)
1,127
(3,918)
(557)
(4,750)
30
1,458
146
63,586 $
9,609
372
708
(3,706)
(619)
(5,511)
(10)
1,540
168
66,137 $
110
(940)
623
(17,661)
(703)
(5,968)
9
1,576
21
43,204 $
9 $
(10)
Total Equity
59,707
10,739
(397)
1,127
(3,918)
(557)
(4,750)
30
1,458
146
63,585
9,609
373
708
(3,706)
(619)
(5,511)
(10)
1,540
168
66,137
110
(940)
623
(17,661)
(703)
(5,968)
9
1,576
21
43,204
(1) $
1
— $
— $
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements�
67
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Basis of Presentation
The fiscal year for Cisco Systems, Inc. (the “Company,” “Cisco,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the
last Saturday in July. Fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 were each 52-week fiscal years, while fiscal 2016 was a 53-week fiscal year.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of ours and those of our subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts
and transactions have been eliminated. We conduct business globally and are primarily managed on a geographic basis in the
following three geographic segments: the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); and Asia Pacific, Japan, and
China (APJC).
We consolidate our investments in a venture fund managed by SOFTBANK Corp. and its affiliates (“SOFTBANK”) as this is a
variable interest entity and we are the primary beneficiary. The noncontrolling interests attributed to SOFTBANK are presented
as a separate component from our equity in the equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. SOFTBANK's share of the
earnings in the venture fund are not presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as these amounts are not
material for any of the fiscal periods presented.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the amounts for prior years in order to conform to the current year’s presentation.
We have evaluated subsequent events through the date that the financial statements were issued.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity
of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with various
financial institutions.
(b) Available-for-Sale Investments We classify our investments in both fixed income securities and publicly traded equity
securities as available-for-sale investments. Fixed income securities primarily consist of U.S. government securities, U.S.
government agency securities, non-U.S. government and agency securities, corporate debt securities, and U.S. agency mortgage-
backed securities. These available-for-sale investments are primarily held in the custody of a major financial institution. A
specific identification method is used to determine the cost basis of fixed income and public equity securities sold. These
investments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on these investments,
to the extent the investments are unhedged, are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income
(AOCI), net of tax. We classify our investments as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use
in current operations.
(c) Other-than-Temporary Impairments on Investments When the fair value of a debt security is less than its amortized cost, it is
deemed impaired, and we will assess whether the impairment is other than temporary. An impairment is considered other than
temporary if (i) we have the intent to sell the security, (ii) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security
before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis, or (iii) we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the
security. If impairment is considered other than temporary based on condition (i) or (ii) described earlier, the entire difference
between the amortized cost and the fair value of the debt security is recognized in earnings. If an impairment is considered other
than temporary based on condition (iii), the amount representing credit losses (defined as the difference between the present
value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis of the debt security) will be recognized in earnings,
and the amount relating to all other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI).
We recognize an impairment charge on publicly traded equity securities when a decline in the fair value of a security below the
respective cost basis is judged to be other than temporary. We consider various factors in determining whether a decline in the
fair value of these investments is other than temporary, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value of the
security has been less than our cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our intent and ability
to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.
Investments in privately held companies are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are accounted for
using either the cost or equity method. We monitor these investments for impairments and make reductions in carrying values
if we determine that an impairment charge is required based primarily on the financial condition and near-term prospects of
these companies.
68
(d) Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates
actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. We provide inventory write-downs based on excess and obsolete inventories determined
primarily by future demand forecasts. The write-down is measured as the difference between the cost of the inventory and
market based upon assumptions about future demand and charged to the provision for inventory, which is a component of cost
of sales. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in
facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. In addition, we record
a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers for
quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with our valuation of excess and obsolete inventory.
(e) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectibility
of customer accounts. We regularly review the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality,
age of the accounts receivable balances, economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, and expected default
frequency rates. Trade receivables are written off at the point when they are considered uncollectible.
(f) Financing Receivables and Guarantees We provide financing arrangements, including leases, financed service contracts,
and loans, for certain qualified end-user customers to build, maintain, and upgrade their networks. Lease receivables primarily
represent sales-type and direct-financing leases. Leases have on average a four-year term and are usually collateralized by a
security interest in the underlying assets. Loan receivables include customers financing purchases of our hardware, software
and services and also may include additional funds for other costs associated with network installation and integration of our
products and services. Loan receivables generally have terms of up to three years. Financed service contracts typically have
terms of one to three years and primarily relate to technical support services.
We determine the adequacy of our allowance for credit loss by assessing the risks and losses inherent in our financing receivables
by portfolio segment. The portfolio segment is based on the types of financing offered by us to our customers: lease receivables,
loan receivables, and financed service contracts.
We assess the allowance for credit loss related to financing receivables on either an individual or a collective basis. We consider
various factors in evaluating lease and loan receivables and the earned portion of financed service contracts for possible
impairment on an individual basis. These factors include our historical experience, credit quality and age of the receivable
balances, and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. When the evaluation indicates that it is probable
that all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of the financing agreement, including scheduled interest payments, are
unable to be collected, the financing receivable is considered impaired. All such outstanding amounts, including any accrued
interest, are assessed and reserved at the customer level. Our internal credit risk ratings are categorized as 1 through 10, with the
lowest credit risk rating representing the highest quality financing receivables. Typically, we also consider financing receivables
with a risk rating of 8 or higher to be impaired and will include them in the individual assessment for allowance. We evaluate
the remainder of our financing receivables portfolio for impairment on a collective basis and record an allowance for credit loss
at the portfolio segment level. When evaluating the financing receivables on a collective basis, we use historical default rates
and expected default frequency rates published by major third-party credit-rating agencies as well as our own historical loss rate
in the event of default, while also systematically giving effect to economic conditions, concentration of risk, and correlation.
Expected default frequency rates and historical default rates are published quarterly by major third-party credit-rating agencies,
and the internal credit risk rating is derived by taking into consideration various customer-specific factors and macroeconomic
conditions. These factors, which include the strength of the customer’s business and financial performance, the quality of the
customer’s banking relationships, our specific historical experience with the customer, the performance and outlook of the
customer’s industry, the customer’s legal and regulatory environment, the potential sovereign risk of the geographic locations in
which the customer is operating, and independent third-party evaluations, are updated regularly or when facts and circumstances
indicate that an update is deemed necessary.
Financing receivables are written off at the point when they are considered uncollectible, and all outstanding balances, including
any previously earned but uncollected interest income, will be reversed and charged against the allowance for credit loss. We do
not typically have any partially written-off financing receivables.
Outstanding financing receivables that are aged 31 days or more from the contractual payment date are considered past due.
We do not accrue interest on financing receivables that are considered impaired or more than 90 days past due unless either the
receivable has not been collected due to administrative reasons or the receivable is well secured and in the process of collection.
Financing receivables may be placed on nonaccrual status earlier if, in management’s opinion, a timely collection of the full
principal and interest becomes uncertain. After a financing receivable has been categorized as nonaccrual, interest will be
recognized when cash is received. A financing receivable may be returned to accrual status after all of the customer’s delinquent
balances of principal and interest have been settled, and the customer remains current for an appropriate period.
69
We facilitate arrangements for third-party financing extended to channel partners, consisting of revolving short-term financing,
generally with payment terms ranging from 60 to 90 days. In certain instances, these financing arrangements result in a transfer
of our receivables to the third party. The receivables are derecognized upon transfer, as these transfers qualify as true sales,
and we receive a payment for the receivables from the third party based on our standard payment terms. These financing
arrangements facilitate the working capital requirements of the channel partners, and, in some cases, we guarantee a portion
of these arrangements. We also provide financing guarantees for third-party financing arrangements extended to end-user
customers related to leases and loans, which typically have terms of up to three years. We could be called upon to make
payments under these guarantees in the event of nonpayment by the channel partners or end-user customers. Deferred revenue
relating to these financing arrangements is recorded in accordance with revenue recognition policies or for the fair value of the
financing guarantees.
(g) Depreciation and Amortization Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation or amortization,
whenever applicable. Depreciation and amortization expenses for property and equipment were approximately $1.1 billion,
$1.1 billion, and $1.0 billion for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the
straight-line method, generally over the following periods:
Asset Category
Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer equipment and related software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, engineering, and other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Period
25 years
10 years
Shorter of remaining lease term or up to 10 years
30 to 36 months
Up to 5 years
Based on lease term
5 years
(h) Business Combinations We allocate the fair value of the purchase consideration of our acquisitions to the tangible assets,
liabilities, and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development (IPR&D), based on their estimated
fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities
is recorded as goodwill. IPR&D is initially capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset with an indefinite life and assessed for
impairment thereafter. When an IPR&D project is completed, the IPR&D is reclassified as an amortizable purchased intangible
asset and amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life. Acquisition-related expenses and related restructuring costs are
recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred.
(i) Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth fiscal quarter
and, when specific circumstances dictate, between annual tests. When impaired, the carrying value of goodwill is written down
to fair value. The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. The first step, identifying a potential impairment,
compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting
unit exceeds its fair value, the second step would need to be conducted; otherwise, no further steps are necessary as no potential
impairment exists. If necessary, the second step to measure the impairment loss would be to compare the implied fair value
of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Any excess of the reporting unit goodwill carrying
value over the respective implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are
carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets.
See “Long-Lived Assets” for our policy regarding impairment testing of purchased intangible assets with finite lives. Purchased
intangible assets with indefinite lives are assessed for potential impairment annually or when events or circumstances indicate
that their carrying amounts might be impaired.
(j) Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets that are held and used by us are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability of
long-lived assets is based on an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual
disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the
difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower
of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
(k) Fair Value Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for
assets and liabilities required or permitted to be either recorded or disclosed at fair value, we consider the principal or most
advantageous market in which we would transact, and we also consider assumptions that market participants would use when
pricing the asset or liability.
70
The accounting guidance for fair value measurement requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize
the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level
of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization
within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair
value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or
liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities
in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which
significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. We use inputs
such as actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, and other similar data, which are obtained from quoted market
prices, independent pricing vendors, or other sources, to determine the ultimate fair value of assets or liabilities.
Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant
to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The fair values are determined based on model-based techniques
such as discounted cash flow models using inputs that we could not corroborate with market data.
(l) Derivative Instruments We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and measure those instruments
at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the
resulting designation. For a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss is recognized in earnings
in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributed to the risk being hedged. For a
derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported
as a component of AOCI and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective
portion of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately. For a derivative instrument designated as a net investment
hedge of our foreign operations, the gain or loss is recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment within AOCI together
with the offsetting loss or gain of the hedged exposure of the underlying foreign operations. Any ineffective portion of the net
investment hedges is reported in earnings during the period of change. For derivative instruments that are not designated as
accounting hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings in the period of change. We record derivative instruments
in the statements of cash flows to operating, investing, or financing activities consistent with the cash flows of the hedged item.
Hedge effectiveness for foreign exchange forward contracts used as cash flow hedges is assessed by comparing the change in
the fair value of the hedge contract with the change in the fair value of the forecasted cash flows of the hedged item. Hedge
effectiveness for equity forward contracts and foreign exchange net investment hedge forward contracts is assessed by comparing
changes in fair value due to changes in spot rates for both the derivative and the hedged item. For foreign exchange option
contracts, hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the hedging instrument’s entire change in fair value. Hedge effectiveness for
interest rate swaps is assessed by comparing the change in fair value of the swap with the change in the fair value of the hedged
item due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.
(m) Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in a local currency environment,
where that local currency is the functional currency, are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance
sheet date, with the resulting translation adjustments directly recorded to a separate component of AOCI. Income and expense
accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Remeasurement adjustments are recorded in other income
(loss), net. The effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents was not material for any of the fiscal
years presented.
(n) Concentrations of Risk Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with
banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand
and are maintained with financial institutions with reputable credit and therefore bear minimal credit risk. We seek to mitigate
our credit risks by spreading such risks across multiple counterparties and monitoring the risk profiles of these counterparties.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and, with the exception of certain financing transactions, do not require
collateral from our customers. We receive certain of our components from sole suppliers. Additionally, we rely on a limited
number of contract manufacturers and suppliers to provide manufacturing services for our products. The inability of a contract
manufacturer or supplier to fulfill our supply requirements could materially impact future operating results.
(o) Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred,
the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. In instances where final acceptance of the product,
system, or solution is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. For hosting
arrangements, we recognize revenue ratably over the hosting period, while usage revenue is recognized based on utilization.
Software subscription revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the subscription term upon delivery of the first product
71
and commencement of the term. Technical support and consulting services revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over
the period during which the services are to be performed, which is typically from one to three years. Transactional advanced
services revenue is recognized upon delivery or completion of performance milestones.
We use distributors that typically stock inventory and sell to systems integrators, service providers, and other resellers. We refer
to this as our two-tier sales to the end customer. Revenue from distributors is recognized based on a sell-through method using
point-of-sale information provided by the distributors. Distributors and other partners participate in various rebate, cooperative
marketing, and other incentive programs, and we maintain estimated accruals and allowances for these programs. The ending
liability for these programs was included in other current liabilities, and the balance was $1.0 billion as of each of July 28, 2018
and July 29, 2017. We accrue for warranty costs, sales returns, and other allowances based on our historical experience. Shipping
and handling fees billed to customers are included in revenue, with the associated costs included in cost of sales.
Many of our products have both software and non-software components that function together to deliver the products’ essential
functionality. We also provide technical support and advanced services. We have a broad customer base that encompasses
virtually all types of public and private entities, including enterprise businesses, service providers, and commercial customers.
Cisco and our salesforce are not organized by product divisions, and our products and services can be sold standalone or together
in various combinations across our geographic segments or customer markets. For example, service provider arrangements
are typically larger in scale with longer deployment schedules and involve the delivery of a variety of product technologies,
including high-end routing, video and network management software, and other product technologies along with technical
support and advanced services. Our enterprise and commercial arrangements are unique for each customer and smaller in scale
and may include network infrastructure products such as routers and switches or collaboration technologies such as Unified
Communications and Cisco TelePresence systems products along with technical support services.
We enter into revenue arrangements that may consist of multiple deliverables of our product and service offerings due to the
needs of our customers. For example, a customer may purchase routing products along with a contract for technical support
services. This arrangement would consist of multiple elements, with the products delivered in one reporting period and the
technical support services delivered across multiple reporting periods. Another customer may purchase networking products
along with advanced service offerings, in which all the elements are delivered within the same reporting period. In addition,
distributors purchase products or technical support services on a standalone basis for resale to an end user or for purposes of
stocking certain products, and these transactions would not result in a multiple-element arrangement. We consider several
factors when reviewing multiple purchases made by the same customer within a short time frame in order to identify multiple-
element arrangements, including whether the deliverables are closely interrelated, whether the deliverables are essential to each
other’s functionality, whether payment terms are linked, whether the customer is entitled to a refund or concession if another
purchase is not completed satisfactorily, and/or whether the purchases were negotiated together as one overall arrangement.
In many instances, products are sold separately in standalone arrangements as customers may support the products themselves
or purchase support on a time-and-materials basis. Advanced services are sometimes sold in standalone engagements such
as general consulting, network management, or security advisory projects, and technical support services are sold separately
through renewals of annual contracts. We determine our vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) based on our normal
pricing and discounting practices for products or services when sold separately. VSOE determination requires that a substantial
majority of the historical standalone transactions has the selling prices for a product or service that fall within a reasonably
narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by approximately 80% of such historical standalone transactions falling within plus
or minus 15% of the median rates. In addition, we consider the geographies in which the products or services are sold, major
product and service groups and customer classifications, and other environmental or marketing variables in determining VSOE.
When we are not able to establish VSOE for all deliverables in an arrangement with multiple elements, which may be due to us
infrequently selling each element separately, not pricing products within a narrow range, or only having a limited sales history,
such as in the case of certain newly introduced product categories, we attempt to determine the selling price of each element
based on third-party evidence of selling price (TPE). TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables
when sold separately. Generally, our go-to-market strategy differs from that of our peers, and our offerings contain a significant
level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot be obtained. Furthermore,
we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products’ selling prices are on a standalone basis. Therefore, we are
typically not able to determine TPE.
When we are unable to establish fair value using VSOE or TPE, we use estimated selling prices (ESP) in our allocation of
arrangement consideration. The objective of ESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or
service were regularly sold on a standalone basis. ESP is generally used for new or highly proprietary offerings and solutions or
for offerings not priced within a reasonably narrow range. We determine ESP for a product or service by considering multiple
factors, including, but not limited to, geographies, market conditions, competitive landscape, internal costs, gross margin
objectives, and pricing practices. The determination of ESP is made through consultation with and formal approval by our
management, taking into consideration the go-to-market strategy.
72
We regularly review VSOE, TPE, and ESP and maintains internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates.
There were no material impacts during fiscal 2018 from changes in VSOE, TPE, or ESP.
Our arrangements with multiple deliverables may include one or more software deliverables that are subject to the software
revenue recognition guidance. In these cases, revenue for the software is generally recognized upon shipment or electronic
delivery and granting of the license. The revenue for these multiple-element arrangements is allocated to the software
deliverables and the non-software deliverables based on the relative selling prices of all of the deliverables in the arrangement
using the hierarchy in the applicable accounting guidance. In the circumstances where we cannot determine VSOE or TPE of
the selling price for all of the deliverables in the arrangement, including the software deliverables, ESP is used for the purposes
of performing this allocation. VSOE is required to allocate the revenue between multiple software deliverables. If VSOE is
available for the undelivered software elements, we apply the residual method; where VSOE is not available, software revenue is
either recognized when all software elements have been delivered or recognized ratably when post-contract support is the only
undelivered software element remaining.
(p) Advertising Costs We expense all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs included within sales and marketing
expenses were approximately $166 million, $209 million, and $186 million for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
(q) Share-Based Compensation Expense We measure and recognize the compensation expense for all share-based awards made
to employees and directors, including employee stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), performance-based restricted stock
units (PRSUs), and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Employee Stock Purchase Rights)
based on estimated fair values. The fair value of employee stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a lattice-binomial
option-pricing model (Lattice-Binomial Model) or the Black-Scholes model, and for employee stock purchase rights we estimate
the fair value using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value for time-based stock awards and stock awards that are contingent
upon the achievement of financial performance metrics is based on the grant date share price reduced by the present value of
the expected dividend yield prior to vesting. The fair value of market-based stock awards is estimated using an option-pricing
model on the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is reduced for forfeitures.
(r) Software Development Costs Software development costs, including costs to develop software sold, leased, or otherwise
marketed, that are incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized if significant. Costs
incurred during the application development stage for internal-use software are capitalized if significant. Capitalized software
development costs are amortized using the straight-line amortization method over the estimated useful life of the applicable
software. Such software development costs required to be capitalized have not been material to date.
(s) Income Taxes Income tax expense is based on pretax financial accounting income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their
reported amounts. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not
be realized.
We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions.
The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is
more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes,
if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon
settlement. We classify the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that we anticipate payment (or receipt)
of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes.
(t) Computation of Net Income per Share Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of
common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number
of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted shares outstanding includes the
dilutive effect of in-the-money options, unvested restricted stock, and restricted stock units. The dilutive effect of such equity
awards is calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury
stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options and the amount of compensation cost for future
service that we have not yet recognized are collectively assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
(u) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities We use a qualitative approach in assessing the consolidation requirement for
variable interest entities. The approach focuses on identifying which enterprise has the power to direct the activities that most
significantly impact the variable interest entity’s economic performance and which enterprise has the obligation to absorb losses
or the right to receive benefits from the variable interest entity. In the event that we are the primary beneficiary of a variable
interest entity, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the variable interest entity will be included in our Consolidated
Financial Statements.
73
(v) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported
in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for the following, among others:
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Revenue recognition
Allowances for accounts receivable, sales returns, and financing receivables
Inventory valuation and liability for purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers
Loss contingencies and product warranties
Fair value measurements and other-than-temporary impairments
Goodwill and purchased intangible asset impairments
Income taxes
The actual results experienced by us may differ materially from management’s estimates.
(w) New Accounting Updates Recently Adopted
Share-Based Compensation In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that impacts the accounting for
share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities,
and classification on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We adopted this accounting standard update beginning the
first quarter of fiscal 2018 on a prospective basis. This resulted in an overall decrease in the effective tax rate for fiscal 2018 due
to recognition of excess tax benefits from share-based compensation. The application of this accounting standard update did not
have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income In February 2018, the FASB issued an
accounting standard update that allows companies to reclassify from AOCI to retained earnings stranded tax effects resulting
from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The guidance is effective January 1, 2019 with early adoption
permitted. We early adopted this accounting standard update in the third quarter of fiscal 2018 and elected not to reclassify prior
periods. Adoption of this standard resulted in a decrease of $45 million to retained earnings due to the reclassification from
AOCI to retained earnings.
(x) Recent Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective as of Fiscal Year End
Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606, a new accounting standard related to revenue recognition. ASC
606 will supersede nearly all U.S. GAAP on revenue recognition and eliminate industry-specific guidance. The underlying
principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services at an amount
that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires increased
disclosures including the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows related to contracts with customers.
ASC 606 allows two methods of adoption: i) retrospectively to each prior period presented (“full retrospective method”), or ii)
retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized in retained earnings as of the date of adoption (“modified retrospective
method”). We will adopt ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method at the beginning of our first quarter of fiscal 2019.
We are in process of finalizing our new accounting policies, systems, processes, and internal controls necessary to support the
requirements of ASC 606. We have substantially completed our assessment of the financial statement impact of ASC 606, the
impacts of which are as discussed below.
74
ASC 606 will primarily impact our revenue recognition for software arrangements and sales to two-tier distributors. In both
areas, the new standard will accelerate the recognition of revenue. The table below details the timing of when revenue is
typically recognized under the current revenue standard compared to the timing of when revenue will typically be recognized
under ASC 606 for these major areas:
Current Revenue Standard New Revenue Standard
Software arrangements:
Perpetual software licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Term software licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security software licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enterprise license agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software support services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software-as-a-service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two-tier distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Upfront
Ratable
Ratable
Ratable
Ratable
Ratable
Sell-Through
Upfront
Upfront
Ratable
Upfront
Ratable
Ratable
Sell-In
In addition to the above revenue recognition timing impacts, ASC 606 requires incremental contract acquisition costs (such as
sales commissions) for customer contracts to be capitalized and amortized over the contract term. Currently, these costs are
expensed as incurred.
Upon adopting ASC 606 at the beginning of fiscal 2019, our cumulative effect adjustment will increase retained earnings by
approximately $2.3 billion. This cumulative effect adjustment is primarily driven by a reduction to our deferred product revenue
of approximately $2.8 billion, of which $1.3 billion relates to our recurring software and subscription offers, $0.6 billion relates
to two-tier distribution, and the remainder relates to non-recurring software, services and other adjustments. In addition to the
adjustment to deferred product revenue, other adjustments at transition include adjustments to accounts receivable, inventories,
other current and noncurrent assets, and other liabilities. The adjustment to other current and noncurrent assets is primarily for
capitalized incremental contract acquisitions costs and the establishment of contract assets. The cumulative effect adjustment is
recorded net of tax with the direct tax effect recorded primarily as a reduction of deferred tax assets. We also expect to record
in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 a net indirect tax benefit to our provision for income taxes related to intercompany adjustments
associated with the new standard. See Critical Accounting Estimates, “Revenue Recognition” for further discussion on the fiscal
2019 revenue impacts of ASC 606.
Financial Instruments In January 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that changes the accounting for equity
investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial
instruments. We will adopt this accounting standard update in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The most significant impact of this
accounting standard update for us is that it will require the remeasurement of investments that are not accounted for under the
equity method at fair value at the end of each reporting period with the changes recorded to the income statement. We estimate
an increase to retained earnings of approximately $0.3 billion upon adoption of the accounting standard at the beginning of fiscal
2019. The adjustment is primarily driven by a reclassification of net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax on available-for-sale
equity investments from accumulated other comprehensive income, and an increase related to our privately held investments.
We expect that this accounting standard update will increase the variability of other income (loss), net in future periods.
Income Taxes on Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets In October 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that requires
recognition of the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets (other than inventory) at the transaction date. We
will adopt this accounting standard update in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 on a modified retrospective basis. We estimate
an increase to retained earnings of approximately $1.3 billion upon adoption of the accounting standard at the beginning of
fiscal 2019. The increase to retained earnings reflects estimated changes to deferred tax assets and other assets related to the
recognition of income tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers (other than inventory) that occurred prior to the adoption date.
The ongoing impact of this standard will be facts and circumstances dependent on any transactions within its scope.
Classification of Cash Flow Elements In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update related to the classification
of certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. We will adopt this accounting standard update in the
first quarter of fiscal 2019 on a retrospective basis. We do not expect that this accounting standard update will have a material
impact on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Restricted Cash in Statement of Cash Flow In November 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that provides
guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.
We will adopt this accounting standard update in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using a retrospective transition method for each
period presented. We do not expect this accounting update will have a material impact, though it will change the presentation of
the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
75
Definition of a Business In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that clarifies the definition of a
business to help companies evaluate whether acquisition or disposal transactions should be accounted for as asset groups or as
businesses. We will adopt this accounting standard update beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 on a prospective basis.
The impact of this accounting standard update will be fact dependent, but we expect that some transactions that were previously
accounted for as business combinations or disposal transactions will be accounted for as asset purchases or asset sales under the
accounting standard update.
Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that removes
Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires the assessment of fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a
reporting unit to measure goodwill impairments. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s
carrying value exceeds its fair value. We will early adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 on a prospective basis.
We do not expect this accounting standard update will have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update, as well as subsequent amendments, related to leases
requiring lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities on the balance sheet, as well as corresponding right-of-
use assets. The new lease standard also makes some changes to lessor accounting and aligns key aspects of the lessor accounting
model with the revenue recognition standard. In addition, disclosures will be required to enable users of financial statements to
assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The accounting standard update will be effective
for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 on a modified retrospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We are
currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Losses of Financial Instruments In June 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that requires measurement
and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held based on historical experience, current conditions, and
reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount. The accounting standard update will be
effective for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 on a modified retrospective basis, and early adoption in fiscal 2020 is
permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. Acquisitions and Divestitures
(a) Acquisition Summary
We completed eight acquisitions during fiscal 2018. A summary of the allocation of the total purchase consideration is presented
as follows (in millions):
Fiscal 2018
Viptela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Springpath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BroadSoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accompany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Others (four in total) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Purchase
Consideration
Purchased
Intangible
Assets
Net Tangible
Assets
Acquired
(Liabilities
Assumed)
(18)
(11)
353
6
4
334
497 $
248
2,179
222
72
3,218 $
$
$
Goodwill
335
99
1,396
161
26
2,017
180 $
160
430
55
42
867 $
On July 31, 2017, we completed our acquisition of privately held Viptela Inc. (“Viptela”), a provider of software-defined wide area
networking products. Revenue from the Viptela acquisition has been included in our Infrastructure Platforms product category.
On September 22, 2017, we completed our acquisition of privately held Springpath, Inc. (“Springpath”), a hyperconvergence
software company. Revenue from the Springpath acquisition has been included in our Infrastructure Platforms product category.
On February 1, 2018, we completed our acquisition of publicly held BroadSoft, Inc. (“BroadSoft”), a cloud calling and contact
center solutions company. Revenue from the BroadSoft acquisition has been included in our Applications product category.
On May 10, 2018, we completed our acquisition of privately held Accompany, a provider of an AI-driven relationship intelligence
platform. Results from the Accompany acquisition will be included in our Applications product category.
76
The total purchase consideration related to our acquisitions completed during fiscal 2018 consisted of cash consideration and
vested share-based awards assumed. The total cash and cash equivalents acquired from these acquisitions was approximately
$187 million.
Fiscal 2017 Acquisitions
Allocation of the purchase consideration for acquisitions completed in fiscal 2017 is summarized as follows (in millions):
Fiscal 2017
CloudLock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
AppDynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MindMeld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Others (four in total) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net Tangible
Assets
Acquired
(Liabilities
Assumed)
Purchased
Intangible
Assets
Goodwill
Purchase
Consideration
249 $
3,258
104
26
3,637 $
— $
(175)
(11)
—
(186) $
36 $
785
51
6
878 $
213
2,648
64
20
2,945
On August 1, 2016, we acquired privately held CloudLock Inc. (“CloudLock”), a provider of cloud security that specializes
in cloud access security broker technology that provides enterprises with visibility and analytics around user behavior and
sensitive data in cloud services. Revenue from the CloudLock acquisition has been included in our Security product category.
On March 17, 2017, we acquired privately held AppDynamics, Inc. (“AppDynamics”), an application intelligence software
company. AppDynamics’s cloud application and business monitoring platform is designed to enable companies to improve
application and business performance. With the AppDynamics acquisition, we seek to provide end-to-end visibility and
intelligence from the customer’s network through to the application. Product revenue from the AppDynamics acquisition has
been included in our Other product category.
On May 26, 2017, we acquired privately held MindMeld, Inc. (“MindMeld”), an artificial intelligence (AI) company. MindMeld’s
unique AI platform enables customers to build intelligent and human-like conversational interfaces for any application or device.
Revenue from the MindMeld acquisition has been included in our Collaboration product category.
The total purchase consideration related to our acquisitions completed during fiscal 2017 consisted of cash consideration and
vested share-based awards assumed. The total cash and cash equivalents acquired from these acquisitions was approximately
$138 million.
Fiscal 2016 Acquisitions
In fiscal 2016, we completed 12 acquisitions for total purchase consideration of $3.4 billion.
(b) Pending Divestiture of Service Provider Video Software Solutions Business
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we announced a definitive agreement to sell our Service Provider Video Software Solutions
(“SPVSS”) business. As of July 28, 2018, this business had tangible assets of approximately $175 million (primarily comprised
of accounts receivables, inventories and various other current and long-term assets) and net intangible assets and goodwill
(based on relative fair value) of $300 million. In addition, the business had total liabilities of approximately $320 million
(primarily comprised of deferred revenue and various other current and long-term liabilities). These assets and liabilities were
held for sale and were not presented separately as the amounts were not material to the Consolidated Balance Sheet. We expect
to have an immaterial financial statement impact from this transaction upon closing. The transaction is expected to close in the
first half of fiscal 2019, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals.
(c) Pending Acquisition of Duo Security
On August 2, 2018, we announced our intent to acquire Duo Security, Inc., the leading provider of unified access security and
multi-factor authentication delivered through the cloud. Integrating our network, device and cloud security platforms with Duo
Security’s zero-trust authentication and access products is designed to enable customers to easily and securely connect users to
any application on any networked device.
Under the terms of the agreement, we have agreed to pay approximately $2.35 billion in cash and assumed equity awards to acquire
Duo Security. The acquisition is expected to close during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 subject to customary closing conditions and
regulatory approvals. Upon close of the acquisition, revenue from Duo Security will be included in our Security product category.
77
(d) Other Acquisition and Divestiture Information
Total transaction costs related to our acquisition and divestiture activities during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $41 million,
$10 million, and $32 million, respectively. These transaction costs were expensed as incurred in G&A expenses in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Our purchase price allocation for acquisitions completed during recent periods is preliminary and subject to revision as additional
information about fair value of assets and liabilities becomes available. Additional information that existed as of the acquisition
date but at that time was unknown to us, may become known to us during the remainder of the measurement period, a period
not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. Adjustments in the purchase price allocation may require a recasting of the
amounts allocated to goodwill retroactive to the period in which the acquisition occurred.
The goodwill generated from our acquisitions completed during fiscal 2018 is primarily related to expected synergies. The
goodwill is generally not deductible for income tax purposes.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the operating results of each acquisition from the date of acquisition. Pro forma
results of operations for the acquisitions completed during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 have not been presented because the
effects of the acquisitions, individually and in the aggregate, were not material to our financial results.
We completed two divestitures during fiscal 2018. The financial statement impact of these divestitures was not material for
fiscal 2018.
4. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets
(a) Goodwill
The following tables present the goodwill allocated to our reportable segments as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, as well as
the changes to goodwill during fiscal 2018 and 2017 (in millions):
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APJC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APJC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
Balance at
July 29, 2017 Acquisitions
$
18,691 $
7,057
4,018
29,766 $
1,355 $
491
171
2,017 $
Balance at
July 30, 2016 Acquisitions
$
16,529 $
6,269
3,827
26,625 $
2,042 $
740
163
2,945 $
Other
Balance at
July 28, 2018
19,998
7,529
4,179
31,706
(48) $
(19)
(10)
(77) $
Other
Balance at
July 29, 2017
18,691
7,057
4,018
29,766
120 $
48
28
196 $
“Other” in the tables above primarily consists of divestitures, foreign currency translation, as well as immaterial purchase
accounting adjustments.
78
(b) Purchased Intangible Assets
The following tables present details of our intangible assets acquired through acquisitions completed during fiscal 2018 and 2017
(in millions, except years):
TECHNOLOGY
FINITE LIVES
CUSTOMER
RELATIONSHIPS
INDEFINITE
LIVES
OTHER
IPR&D
TOTAL
Fiscal 2018
Viptela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Springpath . . . . . . . . . . .
BroadSoft . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accompany . . . . . . . . . . .
Others (four in total) . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiscal 2017
CloudLock . . . . . . . . . . . .
AppDynamics . . . . . . . . .
MindMeld . . . . . . . . . . . .
Others (four in total) . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted-
Average Useful
Life (in Years)
5.0 $
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
Amount
144
157
255
55
39
650
$
Weighted-
Average Useful
Life (in Years)
6.0 $
—
6.0
—
4.0
Amount
35
—
169
—
3
207
$
Weighted-
Average Useful
Life (in Years)
Amount
Amount
1.0 $
—
2.0
—
—
$
1 $
—
6
—
—
7 $
Amount
180
160
430
55
42
867
— $
3
—
—
—
3 $
TECHNOLOGY
FINITE LIVES
CUSTOMER
RELATIONSHIPS
INDEFINITE
LIVES
OTHER
IPR&D
TOTAL
Weighted-
Average Useful
Life (in Years)
6.0 $
4.0
4.0
3.0
Amount
32
525
51
6
614
$
Weighted-
Average Useful
Life (in Years)
4.0 $
7.0
1.0
—
Amount
3
235
—
—
238
$
Weighted-
Average Useful
Life (in Years)
Amount
Amount
1.5 $
2.3
—
—
$
1 $
25
—
—
26 $
Amount
36
785
51
6
878
— $
—
—
—
— $
The following tables present details of our purchased intangible assets (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Purchased intangible assets with finite lives:
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total purchased intangible assets with finite lives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-process research and development, with indefinite lives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 29, 2017
Purchased intangible assets with finite lives:
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total purchased intangible assets with finite lives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-process research and development, with indefinite lives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
$
$
$
$
3,711 $
1,538
63
5,312
103
5,415 $
(1,888) $
(937)
(38)
(2,863)
—
(2,863) $
1,823
601
25
2,449
103
2,552
Gross
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
3,182 $
1,353
82
4,617
111
4,728 $
(1,386) $
(765)
(38)
(2,189)
—
(2,189) $
1,796
588
44
2,428
111
2,539
Purchased intangible assets include intangible assets acquired through acquisitions as well as through direct purchases or licenses.
79
Impairment charges related to purchased intangible assets were approximately $1 million, $47 million, and $74 million for
fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017, and fiscal 2016, respectively. Impairment charges were as a result of declines in estimated fair value
resulting from the reduction or elimination of expected future cash flows associated with certain of our technology and IPR&D
intangible assets.
The following table presents the amortization of purchased intangible assets (in millions):
Years Ended
Amortization of purchased intangible assets:
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating expenses
Amortization of purchased intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
640 $
556 $
221
—
861 $
259
38
853 $
577
303
—
880
The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets with finite lives as of July 28, 2018 is as follows
(in millions):
Fiscal Year
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Amount
714
667
475
222
82
37
80
5. Restructuring and Other Charges
We initiated a restructuring plan during fiscal 2018 (the “Fiscal 2018 Plan”), in order to realign our organization and enable
further investment in key priority areas. The total pretax charges are estimated to be approximately $300 million. In connection
with the Fiscal 2018 Plan, we incurred charges of $108 million during fiscal 2018. These aggregate pretax charges are primarily
cash-based and consist of employee severance and other one-time termination benefits, and other associated costs. We expect
the Fiscal 2018 Plan to be substantially completed in fiscal 2019.
We announced a restructuring plan in August 2016 (the “Fiscal 2017 Plan”), in order to reinvest in our key priority areas. In
connection with the Fiscal 2017 Plan, we incurred cumulative charges of $1.0 billion, which were primarily cash-based and
consisted of employee severance and other one-time termination benefits, and other associated costs. We completed the Fiscal
2017 Plan in fiscal 2018.
We announced a restructuring action in August 2014 (the “Fiscal 2015 Plan”), in order to realign our workforce towards key
growth areas of our business such as data center, software, security, and cloud. In connection with this plan, we incurred
cumulative charges of approximately $756 million. We completed the Fiscal 2015 Plan at the end of fiscal 2016.
The following table summarizes the activities related to the restructuring and other charges, as discussed above (in millions):
Liability as of July 25, 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-cash items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liability as of July 30, 2016. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-cash items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liability as of July 29, 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-cash items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liability as of July 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
Other
FISCAL 2017 AND
PRIOR YEAR PLANS
Employee
Severance
60
$
225
(264)
—
21
625
(569)
(3)
74
227
(262)
2
41
29
43
(15)
(33)
24
131
(37)
(75)
43
23
(35)
(18)
13
$
$
$
FISCAL 2018 PLAN
Employee
Severance
$
Other
— $ — $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
92
(73)
—
19
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16
(2)
(14)
$ — $
Total
89
268
(279)
(33)
45
756
(606)
(78)
117
358
(372)
(30)
73
In addition to the above amounts, we incurred $2 million credit of restructuring and other charges within cost of sales during
fiscal 2016.
81
6. Balance Sheet Details
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in millions):
Inventories:
Raw materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Work in process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods:
Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufactured finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service-related spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Demonstration systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property and equipment, net:
Gross property and equipment:
Land, buildings, and building and leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer equipment and related software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, engineering, and other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total gross property and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue:
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product:
Deferred revenue related to recurring software and subscription offers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other product deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total product deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reported as:
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noncurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
$
$
$
$
$
423
—
443
689
1,132
258
33
1,846
4,710
1,085
5,734
356
358
12,243
(9,237)
3,006
$
$
$
289
1
451
552
1,003
300
23
1,616
4,926
1,258
5,707
356
572
12,819
(9,497)
3,322
$
11,431
$
11,302
6,120
2,134
8,254
19,685
11,490
8,195
19,685
4,971
2,221
7,192
18,494
10,821
7,673
18,494
$
$
$
$
$
$
82
7. Financing Receivables and Operating Leases
(a) Financing Receivables
Financing receivables primarily consist of lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts. Lease receivables
represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of Cisco's and complementary third-party products and
are typically collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. Lease receivables consist of arrangements with terms
of four years on average. Loan receivables represent financing arrangements related to the sale of our hardware, software,
and services, which may include additional funding for other costs associated with network installation and integration of our
products and services. Loan receivables generally have terms of up to three years. Financed service contracts include financing
receivables related to technical support and advanced services. Revenue related to the technical support services is typically
deferred and included in deferred service revenue and is recognized ratably over the period during which the related services are
to be performed, which typically ranges from one to three years.
A summary of our financing receivables is presented as follows (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Residual value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unearned income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Lease
Receivables
2,688
164
(141)
(135)
2,576
Loan
Receivables
4,999
$
—
—
(60)
4,939
$
Reported as:
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Noncurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
1,249
1,327
2,576
$
$
2,376
2,563
4,939
July 29, 2017
Gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Residual value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unearned income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Lease
Receivables
2,784
173
(145)
(162)
2,650
Loan
Receivables
4,560
$
—
—
(103)
4,457
$
Reported as:
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Noncurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
1,301
1,349
2,650
$
$
2,104
2,353
4,457
Financed Service
Contracts
$
$
$
$
2,326
—
—
(10)
2,316
1,324
992
2,316
Financed Service
Contracts
$
$
$
$
2,517
—
—
(30)
2,487
1,451
1,036
2,487
Total
10,013
164
(141)
(205)
9,831
4,949
4,882
9,831
Total
9,861
173
(145)
(295)
9,594
4,856
4,738
9,594
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Future minimum lease payments to Cisco on lease receivables as of July 28, 2018 are summarized as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount
1,311
745
415
177
12
28
2,688
$
$
Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.
83
(b) Credit Quality of Financing Receivables
Gross receivables, excluding residual value, less unearned income categorized by our internal credit risk rating as of July 28,
2018 and July 29, 2017 are summarized as follows (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Lease receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Loan receivables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financed service contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 29, 2017
Lease receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Loan receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financed service contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
1 to 4
5 to 6
7 and Higher
Total
1,294 $
3,184
1,468
5,946 $
1,199 $
1,752
835
3,786 $
54 $
63
23
140 $
2,547
4,999
2,326
9,872
INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
1 to 4
5 to 6
7 and Higher
Total
1,408 $
2,865
1,593
5,866 $
1,181 $
1,516
902
3,599 $
50 $
179
22
251 $
2,639
4,560
2,517
9,716
We determine the adequacy of our allowance for credit loss by assessing the risks and losses inherent in our financing receivables
by portfolio segment. The portfolio segment is based on the types of financing offered by us to our customers, which consist of
the following: lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts.
Our internal credit risk ratings of 1 through 4 correspond to investment-grade ratings, while credit risk ratings of 5 and
6 correspond to non-investment grade ratings. Credit risk ratings of 7 and higher correspond to substandard ratings.
In circumstances when collectibility is not deemed reasonably assured, the associated revenue is deferred in accordance with
our revenue recognition policies, and the related allowance for credit loss, if any, is included in deferred revenue. We also
record deferred revenue associated with financing receivables when there are remaining performance obligations, as we do for
financed service contracts.
The following tables present the aging analysis of gross receivables, excluding residual value and less unearned income as of
July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Lease receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Loan receivables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financed service contracts . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 29, 2017
Lease receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Loan receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financed service contracts . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
DAYS PAST DUE
(INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
31 - 60
61 - 90
91+
Total
Past Due
Current
Total
Nonaccrual
Financing
Receivables
72 $
104
138
314 $
27 $
55
78
160 $
155 $
252
304
711 $
254 $
411
520
1,185 $
2,293 $
4,588
1,806
8,687 $
2,547 $
4,999
2,326
9,872 $
DAYS PAST DUE
(INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
31 - 60
61 - 90
91+
Total
Past Due
Current
Total
Nonaccrual
Financing
Receivables
160 $
230
160
550 $
60 $
48
77
185 $
216 $
259
523
998 $
436 $
537
760
1,733 $
2,203 $
4,023
1,757
7,983 $
2,639 $
4,560
2,517
9,716 $
Impaired
Financing
Receivables
9
30
3
42
9 $
30
3
42 $
Impaired
Financing
Receivables
14
43
2
59
14 $
43
18
75 $
Past due financing receivables are those that are 31 days or more past due according to their contractual payment terms. The data
in the preceding tables is presented by contract, and the aging classification of each contract is based on the oldest outstanding
receivable, and therefore past due amounts also include unbilled and current receivables within the same contract. The balances
of either unbilled or current financing receivables included in the category of 91 days plus past due for financing receivables
were $503 million and $666 million as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
84
As of July 28, 2018, we had financing receivables of $182 million, net of unbilled or current receivables, that were in the category
of 91 days plus past due but remained on accrual status as they are well secured and in the process of collection. Such balance
was $315 million as of July 29, 2017.
(c) Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward
The allowances for credit loss and the related financing receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Financed Service
Contracts
Allowance for credit loss as of July 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provisions (benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recoveries (write-offs), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign exchange and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss as of July 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss as of July 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provisions (benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recoveries (write-offs), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign exchange and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss as of July 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss as of July 25, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provisions (benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recoveries (write-offs), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign exchange and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for credit loss as of July 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Operating Leases
Lease
Receivables
162
$
(26)
(1)
—
135
$
Lease
Receivables
230
$
(25)
(37)
(6)
162
$
Lease
Receivables
259
$
(13)
(10)
(6)
230
$
Loan
Receivables
103
$
(43)
(5)
5
60
$
Loan
Receivables
97
$
7
(11)
10
103
$
Loan
Receivables
87
$
13
—
(3)
97
$
$
$
30
(20)
—
—
10
$
$
48
(17)
(1)
—
30
$
$
36
17
(5)
—
48
Total
295
(89)
(6)
5
205
Total
375
(35)
(49)
4
295
Total
382
17
(15)
(9)
375
$
$
$
$
$
$
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Financed Service
Contracts
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Financed Service
Contracts
We provide financing of certain equipment through operating leases, and the amounts are included in property and equipment
in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts relating to equipment on operating lease assets and the associated accumulated
depreciation are summarized as follows (in millions):
Operating lease assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
356
(238)
118
July 29, 2017
356
$
(212)
144
$
Minimum future rentals on noncancelable operating leases as of July 28, 2018 are summarized as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Amount
166
97
34
2
1
300
85
8.
Investments
(a) Summary of Available-for-Sale Investments
The following tables summarize our available-for-sale investments (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Fixed income securities:
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-U.S. government and agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
7,318 $
732
209
27,765
1,488
37,512
372
$ 37,884 $
— $
—
—
44
—
44
233
277 $
(43) $
(5)
(1)
(445)
(53)
(547)
—
(547) $
7,275
727
208
27,364
1,435
37,009
605
37,614
July 29, 2017
Fixed income securities:
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-U.S. government and agency securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 19,880 $
2,057
389
31,626
2,037
996
60
57,045
1,180
$ 58,225 $
3 $
—
—
202
3
—
—
208
554
762 $
(60) $
(5)
(1)
(93)
(17)
—
—
(176)
(27)
(203) $
19,823
2,052
388
31,735
2,023
996
60
57,077
1,707
58,784
Net unsettled investment sales as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 were $1.5 billion and $30 million, respectively and were
included in other current assets and other current liabilities.
Non-U.S. government and agency securities include agency and corporate debt securities that are guaranteed by
non-U.S. governments.
(b) Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Investments
The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses related to our available-for-sale
investments (in millions):
Years Ended
Gross realized gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Gross realized losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
628
(341)
287
July 29, 2017
114
$
(201)
July 30, 2016
152
$
(153)
(1)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
$
(87) $
The following table presents the realized net gains and losses related to our available-for-sale investments by security
type (in millions):
Years Ended
Net gains/(losses) on investments in publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net gains/(losses) on investments in fixed income securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
529
(242)
287
July 29, 2017
$
July 30, 2016
33
(34)
(1)
(45) $
(42)
(87) $
$
86
The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale investments with gross unrealized losses and the duration
that those losses had been unrealized at July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 (in millions):
July 28, 2018
Fixed income securities:
U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government agency securities . . . . . .
Non-U.S. government and
agency securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities . . .
Total fixed income securities . . . . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 29, 2017
Fixed income securities:
U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government agency securities . . . . . . .
Non-U.S. government and
agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities . . .
Total fixed income securities . . . . . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNREALIZED LOSSES
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS
UNREALIZED LOSSES
12 MONTHS OR GREATER
TOTAL
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Fair Value
$
2,966 $
206
(20) $
(2)
4,303 $
521
(23) $
(3)
7,269 $
727
105
16,990
826
21,093
—
$ 21,093 $
(1)
(344)
(24)
(391)
—
(391) $
103
3,511
581
9,019
—
9,019 $
—
(101)
(29)
(156)
—
(156) $
208
20,501
1,407
30,112
—
30,112 $
(43)
(5)
(1)
(445)
(53)
(547)
—
(547)
UNREALIZED LOSSES
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS
UNREALIZED LOSSES
12 MONTHS OR GREATER
TOTAL
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Fair Value
$ 14,962 $
1,791
(55) $
(4)
771 $
130
(5) $
(1)
15,733 $
1,921
368
9,487
1,485
28,093
122
$ 28,215 $
(1)
(92)
(16)
(168)
(27)
(195) $
—
101
38
1,040
—
1,040 $
—
(1)
(1)
(8)
—
(8) $
368
9,588
1,523
29,133
122
29,255 $
(60)
(5)
(1)
(93)
(17)
(176)
(27)
(203)
For fiscal 2018, the realized net losses for available-for-sale investments included impairment charges of $52 million. These
impairment charges related primarily to publicly traded equity securities and were due to a decline in the fair value of those
securities below their cost basis that were determined to be other than temporary. For fiscal 2017, the realized net losses related to
available-for-sale investments included impairment charges of $74 million, primarily related to publicly traded equity securities.
These impairment charges were due to a decline in the fair value of those securities below their cost basis that were determined
to be other than temporary. For fiscal 2016, the realized net losses related to available-for-sale investments included impairment
charges of $3 million for fixed income securities.
As of July 28, 2018, for available-for-sale investments that were in unrealized loss positions, we have determined that no
additional other-than-temporary impairments were required to be recognized.
87
(c) Maturities of Fixed Income Securities
The following table summarizes the maturities of our fixed income securities at July 28, 2018 (in millions):
Less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Due in 1 to 2 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Due in 2 to 5 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Due after 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mortgage-backed securities with no single maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
12,361 $
7,573
14,290
1,800
1,488
37,512 $
12,316
7,514
14,012
1,732
1,435
37,009
Amortized Cost
Fair Value
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain
obligations. The remaining contractual principal maturities for mortgage-backed securities were allocated assuming
no prepayments.
(d) Securities Lending
We periodically engage in securities lending activities with certain of our available-for-sale investments. These transactions
are accounted for as a secured lending of the securities, and the securities are typically loaned only on an overnight basis. The
average daily balance of securities lending for fiscal 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 billion and $0.7 billion, respectively. We require
collateral equal to at least 102% of the fair market value of the loaned security and that the collateral be in the form of cash or
liquid, high-quality assets. We engage in these secured lending transactions only with highly creditworthy counterparties, and
the associated portfolio custodian has agreed to indemnify us against collateral losses. We did not experience any losses in
connection with the secured lending of securities during the periods presented. As of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, we had no
outstanding securities lending transactions.
(e) Investments in Privately Held Companies
The carrying value of our investments in privately held companies was included in other assets. For such investments that
were accounted for under the equity and cost method as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, the amounts are summarized in the
following table (in millions):
Equity method investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Cost method investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
124
859
983
118 $
978
1,096 $
For additional information on impairment charges related to investments in privately held companies, see Note 9.
Variable Interest Entities In the ordinary course of business, we have investments in privately held companies and provide
financing to certain customers. These privately held companies and customers may be considered to be variable interest entities.
We evaluate on an ongoing basis our investments in these privately held companies and our customer financings and have
determined that as of July 28, 2018, except as disclosed herein, there were no variable interest entities required to be consolidated
in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of July 28, 2018, the carrying value of our investments in privately held companies was $1.1 billion, of which $531 million
of such investments are considered to be in variable interest entities which are unconsolidated. In addition, we have additional
funding commitments of $223 million related to these investments, some of which are based on the achievement of certain
agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded on demand. The carrying value of these investments and
the additional funding commitments collectively represent our maximum exposure related to these variable interest entities.
88
9. Fair Value
(a) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
JULY 28, 2018
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
JULY 29, 2017
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Balance
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Balance
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,890 $
U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
6,890 $ 9,567 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $ 9,567
139
139
160
160
25
25
Available-for-sale investments:
U.S. government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. government agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-U.S. government and agency securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corporate debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publicly traded equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derivative assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19,823
— 19,823
2,052
2,052
—
388
388
—
31,735
— 31,735
2,023
2,023
—
996
996
—
60
60
—
— 1,707
1,707
149
149
—
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,495 $ 37,011 $ 44,506 $ 11,274 $ 57,550 $ 68,824
7,275
—
727
—
208
—
— 27,364
1,435
—
—
—
—
—
—
605
2
—
7,275
727
208
27,364
1,435
—
—
605
2
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $
74 $
74 $
74 $
74 $
— $
— $
4 $
4 $
4
4
We classify our cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments within Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy because
we use quoted prices in active markets or alternative pricing sources and models using market observable inputs to determine
their fair value. Our derivative instruments are classified as Level 2, as they are not actively traded and are valued using pricing
models that use observable market inputs. We did not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements
during the periods presented.
89
(b) Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following table presents gains and losses on assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis(in millions):
Investments in privately held companies (impaired) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Purchased intangible assets (impaired) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property held for sale - land and buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gains (losses) on assets no longer held at end of fiscal year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total gains (losses) for nonrecurring measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
TOTAL GAINS (LOSSES) FOR THE YEARS ENDED
July 29, 2017
(175)
$
(47)
(30)
(2)
(254)
July 30, 2016
(57)
$
(74)
—
(10)
(141)
July 28, 2018
(56)
(1)
20
(6)
(43)
$
$
These assets were measured at fair value due to events or circumstances we identified as having significant impact on their
fair value during the respective periods. To arrive at the valuation of these assets, we consider any significant changes in the
financial metrics and economic variables and also use third-party valuation reports to assist in the valuation as necessary.
The fair value measurement of the impaired investments was classified as Level 3 because significant unobservable inputs were
used in the valuation due to the absence of quoted market prices and inherent lack of liquidity. Significant unobservable inputs,
which included financial metrics of comparable private and public companies, financial condition and near-term prospects of
the investees, recent financing activities of the investees, and the investees’ capital structure as well as other economic variables,
reflected the assumptions market participants would use in pricing these assets. The impairment charges, representing the
difference between the net book value and the fair value as a result of the evaluation, were recorded to other income (loss), net.
The remaining carrying value of the investments that were impaired was $57 million and $81 million as of July 28, 2018 and
July 29, 2017, respectively.
The fair value for purchased intangibles assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis was categorized as Level 3 due
to the use of significant unobservable inputs in the valuation. Significant unobservable inputs that were used included expected
revenues and net income related to the assets and the expected life of the assets. The difference between the estimated fair value
and the carrying value of the assets was recorded as an impairment charge, which was included in product cost of sales and
operating expenses as applicable. See Note 4. The remaining carrying value of the specific purchased intangible assets that were
impaired was zero and $63 million as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
The fair value of property held for sale was measured with the assistance of third-party valuation models, which used discounted
cash flow techniques as part of their analysis. The fair value measurement was categorized as Level 3, as significant unobservable
inputs were used in the valuation report. The impairment charges as a result of the valuations, which represented the difference
between the fair value less cost to sell and the carrying amount of the assets held for sale, was included in restructuring and other
charges. The remaining carrying value of the property held for sale that was impaired was zero and $5 million as of July 28,
2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
(c) Other Fair Value Disclosures
The carrying value of our investments in privately held companies that were accounted for under the cost method was
$978 million and $859 million as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively. It was not practicable to estimate the fair value
of this portfolio.
The fair value of our short-term loan receivables and financed service contracts approximates their carrying value due to their
short duration. The aggregate carrying value of our long-term loan receivables and financed service contracts as of July 28, 2018
and July 29, 2017 was $3.6 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively. The estimated fair value of our long-term loan receivables and
financed service contracts approximates their carrying value. We use significant unobservable inputs in determining discounted
cash flows to estimate the fair value of our long-term loan receivables and financed service contracts, and therefore they are
categorized as Level 3.
As of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, the estimated fair value of our short-term debt approximates its carrying value due to the
short maturities. As of July 28, 2018, the fair value of our senior notes and other long-term debt was $26.4 billion, with a carrying
amount of $25.6 billion. This compares to a fair value of $32.1 billion and a carrying amount of $30.5 billion as of July 29, 2017.
The fair value of the senior notes and other long-term debt was determined based on observable market prices in a less active
market and was categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
90
10. Borrowings
(a) Short-Term Debt
The following table summarizes our short-term debt (in millions, except percentages):
Current portion of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
5,238
—
5,238
3.46% $
—
$
4,747
3,245
7,992
Amount
Effective Rate
Amount
Effective Rate
1.66%
1.16%
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
We have a short-term debt financing program of up to $10.0 billion through the issuance of commercial paper notes. We use the
proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper notes for general corporate purposes.
The effective rates for the short- and long-term debt include the interest on the notes, the accretion of the discount, the issuance
costs, and, if applicable, adjustments related to hedging.
91
(b) Long-Term Debt
The following table summarizes our long-term debt (in millions, except percentages):
Maturity Date
Amount
Effective Rate
Amount
Effective Rate
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
Senior notes:
Floating-rate notes:
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.60% . . . . . . . February 21, 2018
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.31% . . . . . . .
June 15, 2018
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.50% . . . . . . . March 1, 2019
Three-month LIBOR plus 0.34% . . . . . . . September 20, 2019
$
—
—
500
500
— $
—
2.86%
2.71%
1,000
900
500
500
Fixed-rate notes:
June 15, 2018
January 15, 2020
June 15, 2020
1.40% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2018
1.65% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.95% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 15, 2019
1.60% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2019
2.125% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 1, 2019
1.40% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2019
4.45% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.45% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.20% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2021
2.90% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 4, 2021
1.85% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2021
3.00% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.60% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2023
2.20% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2023
3.625% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 4, 2024
3.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
June 15, 2025
2.95% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 28, 2026
2.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 20, 2026
5.90% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 15, 2039
January 15, 2040
5.50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unaccreted discount/issuance costs . . . . . . . . . .
Hedge accounting fair value adjustments . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
June 15, 2022
Reported as:
Short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
—
—
2,000
1,000
1,750
1,500
2,500
1,500
2,500
500
2,000
500
500
750
1,000
500
750
1,500
2,000
2,000
25,750
(116)
(65)
$ 25,569
$
5,238
20,331
$ 25,569
—
—
5.17%
1.67%
2.71%
1.48%
4.52%
2.54%
2.30%
2.86%
1.90%
3.11%
2.68%
2.27%
2.98%
3.27%
3.01%
2.55%
6.11%
5.67%
1,250
1,600
2,000
1,000
1,750
1,500
2,500
1,500
2,500
500
2,000
500
500
750
1,000
500
750
1,500
2,000
2,000
30,500
(136)
108
$ 30,472
$
4,747
25,725
$ 30,472
1.84%
1.62%
1.76%
1.66%
1.47%
1.72%
4.96%
1.67%
1.84%
1.48%
3.84%
2.54%
2.30%
2.00%
1.90%
2.26%
2.68%
2.27%
2.12%
2.43%
3.01%
2.55%
6.11%
5.67%
We entered into interest rate swaps in prior periods with an aggregate notional amount of $6.75 billion designated as fair value
hedges of certain of our fixed-rate senior notes. These swaps convert the fixed interest rates of the fixed-rate notes to floating
interest rates based on the London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR). The gains and losses related to changes in the fair value
of the interest rate swaps substantially offset changes in the fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt that are
attributable to the changes in market interest rates. For additional information, see Note 11.
Interest is payable semiannually on each class of the senior fixed-rate notes and payable quarterly on the floating-rate notes.
Each of the senior fixed-rate notes is redeemable by us at any time, subject to a make-whole premium. The senior notes rank at
par with the commercial paper notes that have been issued in the future pursuant to our short-term debt financing program, as
discussed above under “(a) Short-Term Debt.” As of July 28, 2018, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.
92
As of July 28, 2018, future principal payments for long-term debt, including the current portion, are summarized as follows
(in millions):
Fiscal Year
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Amount
5,250
6,000
3,000
2,500
500
8,500
25,750
(c) Credit Facility
On May 15, 2015, we entered into a credit agreement with certain institutional lenders that provides for a $3.0 billion unsecured
revolving credit facility that is scheduled to expire on May 15, 2020. Any advances under the credit agreement will accrue interest
at rates that are equal to, based on certain conditions, either (i) the highest of (a) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) Bank of
America’s “prime rate” as announced from time to time, or (c) LIBOR, or a comparable or successor rate that is approved by the
Administrative Agent (“Eurocurrency Rate”), for an interest period of one-month plus 1.00%, or (ii) the Eurocurrency Rate, plus
a margin that is based on our senior debt credit ratings as published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC and Moody’s
Investors Service, Inc., provided that in no event will the Eurocurrency Rate be less than zero. We may also, upon agreement
of either the then-existing lenders or additional lenders not currently parties to the agreement, increase the commitments under
the credit facility by up to an additional $2.0 billion and/or extend the expiration date of the credit facility up to May 15, 2022.
This credit agreement requires that we comply with certain covenants, including that we maintain an interest coverage ratio as
defined in the agreement. As of July 28, 2018, we were in compliance with the required interest coverage ratio and the other
covenants, and we had not borrowed any funds under the credit facility.
11. Derivative Instruments
(a) Summary of Derivative Instruments
We use derivative instruments primarily to manage exposures to foreign currency exchange rate, interest rate, and equity price
risks. Our primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes
in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and equity prices. Our derivatives expose us to credit risk to the extent that the
counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. We do, however, seek to mitigate such risks by limiting our
counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this
type of credit risk is monitored. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.
The fair values of our derivative instruments and the line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to which they were recorded
are summarized as follows (in millions):
DERIVATIVE ASSETS
July 28,
2018
Balance Sheet Line Item
July 29,
2017
DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES
Balance Sheet Line Item
July 28,
2018
July 29,
2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current assets
Interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current assets
Interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current assets
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
1 $
—
—
1
1
1
2 $
46 Other current liabilities
— Other current liabilities
102 Other long-term liabilities
148
$
1 Other current liabilities
1
149
$
— $
10
62
72
2
2
74 $
1
—
—
1
3
3
4
93
The effects of our cash flow and net investment hedging instruments on other comprehensive income (OCI) and the Consolidated
Statements of Operations are summarized as follows (in millions):
GAINS (LOSSES) RECOGNIZED
IN OCI ON DERIVATIVES FOR
THE YEARS ENDED (EFFECTIVE PORTION)
GAINS (LOSSES) RECLASSIFIED FROM
AOCI INTO INCOME FOR
THE YEARS ENDED (EFFECTIVE PORTION)
July 28,
2018
July 29,
2017
July 30,
2016
Line Item in Statements
of Operations
July 28,
2018
July 29,
2017
July 30,
2016
Derivatives designated as cash flow
hedging instruments:
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . $
20 $
22 $
(66) Operating expenses . . . . . . $
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
20 $
22 $
(66)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Cost of sales — service . . .
52 $
16
68 $
(59) $
(20)
(79) $
(15)
(5)
(20)
Derivatives designated as net
investment hedging instruments:
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . $
(1) $
(15) $
16 Other income (loss), net. . . $ — $ — $ —
As of July 28, 2018, we estimate that approximately $1 million of net derivative gains related to our cash flow hedges included
in AOCI will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months when the underlying hedged item impacts earnings.
The effect on the Consolidated Statements of Operations of derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges and the
underlying hedged items is summarized as follows (in millions):
Derivatives Designated as Fair Value
Hedging Instruments
Interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense
Line Item in Statements
of Operations
GAINS (LOSSES) ON
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
July 29,
2017
$ (275)
July 28,
2018
$ (174)
July 30,
2016
GAINS (LOSSES) RELATED
TO HEDGED ITEMS FOR
THE YEARS ENDED
July 29,
2017
July 28,
2018
July 30,
2016
$ 175 $ 173 $
271 $ (169)
The effect on the Consolidated Statements of Operations of derivative instruments not designated as hedges is summarized as
follows (in millions):
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (loss), net
Total return swaps—deferred compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating expenses
Line Item in Statements of Operations
Cost of sales — product
Cost of sales — service
Other income (loss), net
Equity derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (loss), net
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The notional amounts of our outstanding derivatives are summarized as follows (in millions):
GAINS (LOSSES) FOR
THE YEARS ENDED
July 29,
2017
July 30,
2016
July 28,
2018
$ (24) $
50
1
3
(11)
(4)
15
$
$
13 $ (19)
6
53
—
2
1
3
—
—
13
11
1
82 $
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency derivatives—cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net investment hedging instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
147 $
6,750
250
1,696
6,750
351
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total return swaps—deferred compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2,298
566
10,011 $
2,258
535
11,590
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
94
(b) Offsetting of Derivative Instruments
We present our derivative instruments at gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, our master netting
and other similar arrangements with the respective counterparties allow for net settlement under certain conditions, which are
designed to reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement with the same counterparty. To further limit credit risk, we also enter
into collateral security arrangements related to certain derivative instruments whereby cash is posted as collateral between the
counterparties based on the fair market value of the derivative instrument. Information related to these offsetting arrangements
is summarized as follows (in millions):
GROSS AMOUNTS OFFSET IN THE
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
Gross Amounts
Offset
Gross Amounts
Recognized
Net Amounts
Presented
Gross Derivative
Amounts
GROSS AMOUNTS NOT OFFSET IN THE
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
BUT WITH LEGAL RIGHTS TO OFFSET
July 28, 2018
Derivatives assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Derivatives liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . $
2 $
74 $
— $
— $
2 $
74 $
Cash Collateral Net Amount
—
— $
19
(53) $
(2) $
(2) $
GROSS AMOUNTS OFFSET IN THE
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
GROSS AMOUNTS NOT OFFSET IN THE
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
BUT WITH LEGAL RIGHTS TO OFFSET
July 29, 2017
Derivatives assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Derivatives liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Gross Amounts
Recognized
Gross Amounts
Offset
Net Amounts
Presented
Gross Derivative
Amounts
149 $
4 $
— $
— $
149 $
4 $
Cash Collateral Net Amount
64
(81) $
—
— $
(4) $
(4) $
(c) Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We conduct business globally in numerous currencies. Therefore, we are exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency
exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, we enter into foreign currency contracts. We do not
enter into such contracts for speculative purposes.
We may hedge forecasted foreign currency transactions related to certain revenues, operating expenses and service cost of sales
with currency options and forward contracts. These currency options and forward contracts, designated as cash flow hedges,
generally have maturities of less than 24 months. We assess effectiveness based on changes in total fair value of the derivatives.
The effective portion of the derivative instrument’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of AOCI and subsequently
reclassified into earnings when the hedged exposure affects earnings. The ineffective portion, if any, of the gain or loss is
reported in earnings immediately. During the fiscal years presented, we did not discontinue any cash flow hedges for which it
was probable that a forecasted transaction would not occur.
We enter into foreign exchange forward and option contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on
assets and liabilities such as foreign currency receivables, including long-term customer financings, investments, and payables.
These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income
(loss), net, and substantially offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of intercompany balances or other
current assets, investments, or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity.
We hedge certain net investments in our foreign operations with forward contracts to reduce the effects of foreign currency
fluctuations on our net investment in those foreign subsidiaries. These derivative instruments generally have maturities of up
to six months.
(d) Interest Rate Risk
Interest Rate Derivatives, Investments Our primary objective for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate
investment return consistent with preserving principal and managing risk. To realize these objectives, we may utilize interest
rate swaps or other derivatives designated as fair value or cash flow hedges. As of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, we did not
have any outstanding interest rate derivatives related to our fixed income securities.
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Interest Rate Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges, Long-Term Debt In fiscal 2018, we did not enter into any interest
rate swaps. In prior fiscal years, we entered into interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges related to fixed-rate senior
notes that are due in fiscal 2019 through 2025. Under these interest rate swaps, we receive fixed-rate interest payments and make
interest payments based on LIBOR plus a fixed number of basis points. The effect of such swaps is to convert the fixed interest
rates of the senior fixed-rate notes to floating interest rates based on LIBOR. The gains and losses related to changes in the fair
value of the interest rate swaps are included in interest expense and substantially offset changes in the fair value of the hedged
portion of the underlying debt that are attributable to the changes in market interest rates. The fair value of the interest rate swaps
were reflected in other assets and other current and long-term liabilities.
(e) Equity Price Risk
We may hold equity securities for strategic purposes or to diversify our overall investment portfolio. The publicly traded equity
securities in our portfolio are subject to price risk. To manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of certain equity
securities, we have periodically entered into equity derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges. The changes in the value
of the hedging instruments are included in other income (loss), net, and offset the change in the fair value of the underlying
hedged investment. In addition, we periodically enter into equity derivatives that are not designated as accounting hedges. The
changes in the fair value of these derivatives are also included in other income (loss), net.
We are also exposed to variability in compensation charges related to certain deferred compensation obligations to employees.
Although not designated as accounting hedges, we utilize derivatives such as total return swaps to economically hedge
this exposure.
(f) Hedge Effectiveness
For the fiscal years presented, amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness were not material for fair value,
cash flow, and net investment hedges. In addition, hedge ineffectiveness for fair value, cash flow, and net investment hedges was
not material for any of the fiscal years presented.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
(a) Operating Leases
We lease office space in many U.S. locations. Outside the United States, larger leased sites include sites in Belgium, Canada,
China, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Poland, and the United Kingdom. We also lease equipment and vehicles. Future
minimum lease payments under all noncancelable operating leases with an initial term in excess of one year as of July 28, 2018
are as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year
2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount
392
293
190
138
96
111
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,220
Rent expense for office space and equipment totaled $442 million, $403 million, and $385 million in fiscal 2018, 2017, and
2016, respectively.
(b) Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers
We purchase components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services
for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate
component supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory
based upon criteria as defined by us or establish the parameters defining our requirements. A significant portion of our reported
purchase commitments arising from these agreements consists of firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. Certain
of these purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers relate to arrangements to secure long-term pricing
for certain product components for multi-year periods. In certain instances, these agreements allow us the option to cancel,
reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed.
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The following table summarizes our purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers (in millions):
Commitments by Period
Less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 to 3 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 to 5 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
5,407
$
710
360
6,477
$
July 29, 2017
4,620
$
20
—
4,640
$
We record a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of our future
demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our excess and obsolete inventory. As of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017,
the liability for these purchase commitments was $159 million and $162 million, respectively, and was included in other
current liabilities.
(c) Other Commitments
In connection with our acquisitions, we have agreed to pay certain additional amounts contingent upon the achievement of
certain agreed-upon technology, development, product, or other milestones or upon the continued employment with Cisco of
certain employees of the acquired entities.
The following table summarizes the compensation expense related to acquisitions (in millions):
Compensation expense related to acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
203
July 29, 2017
212
$
July 30, 2016
282
$
As of July 28, 2018, we estimated that future cash compensation expense of up to $352 million may be required to be recognized
pursuant to the applicable business combination agreements.
In fiscal 2012, we made an investment in Insieme, an early stage company focused on research and development in the data
center market. This investment included $100 million of funding and a license to certain of our technology. During fiscal
2014, we acquired the remaining interests in Insieme, at which time the former noncontrolling interest holders became eligible
to receive up to two milestone payments, which were determined using agreed-upon formulas based primarily on revenue
for certain of Insieme’s products. The former noncontrolling interest holders earned the maximum amount related to these
two milestone payments and were paid approximately $441 million during fiscal 2017. We recorded compensation expense of
$47 million and $160 million during fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively, related to these milestone payments.
We also have certain funding commitments, primarily related to our investments in privately held companies and venture funds,
some of which are based on the achievement of certain agreed-upon milestones, and some of which are required to be funded
on demand. The funding commitments were $223 million and $216 million as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
(d) Product Warranties
The following table summarizes the activity related to the product warranty liability (in millions):
Balance at beginning of fiscal year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Provisions for warranties issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjustments for pre-existing warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Divestiture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of fiscal year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
407
582
(38)
(592)
—
359
July 29, 2017
414
$
691
(21)
(677)
—
407
$
July 30, 2016
449
$
715
(8)
(714)
(28)
414
$
We accrue for warranty costs as part of our cost of sales based on associated material product costs, labor costs for technical
support staff, and associated overhead. Our products are generally covered by a warranty for periods ranging from 90 days to
five years, and for some products we provide a limited lifetime warranty.
(e) Financing and Other Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, we provide financing guarantees for various third-party financing arrangements extended
to channel partners and end-user customers. Payments under these financing guarantee arrangements were not material for the
periods presented.
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Channel Partner Financing Guarantees We facilitate arrangements for third-party financing extended to channel partners,
consisting of revolving short-term financing, generally with payment terms ranging from 60 to 90 days. These financing
arrangements facilitate the working capital requirements of the channel partners, and, in some cases, we guarantee a portion of
these arrangements. The volume of channel partner financing was $28.2 billion, $27.0 billion, and $26.9 billion in fiscal 2018, 2017,
and 2016, respectively. The balance of the channel partner financing subject to guarantees was $953 million and $1.0 billion as
of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
End-User Financing Guarantees We also provide financing guarantees for third-party financing arrangements extended to end-
user customers related to leases and loans, which typically have terms of up to three years. The volume of financing provided
by third parties for leases and loans as to which we had provided guarantees was $35 million, $51 million, and $63 million in
fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Financing Guarantee Summary The aggregate amounts of financing guarantees outstanding at July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017,
representing the total maximum potential future payments under financing arrangements with third parties along with the
related deferred revenue, are summarized in the following table (in millions):
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
Maximum potential future payments relating to financing guarantees:
Channel partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
End user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Deferred revenue associated with financing guarantees:
Channel partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
End user . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
277
31
308
$
$
(94) $
(28)
(122) $
240
74
314
(82)
(52)
(134)
Maximum potential future payments relating to financing guarantees, net of associated
deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
186
$
180
Other Guarantees Our other guarantee arrangements as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 that were subject to recognition and
disclosure requirements were not material.
(f) Supplier Component Remediation Liability
In fiscal 2014, we recorded a charge to product cost of sales of $655 million resulting from failures related to products containing
memory components manufactured by a single supplier between 2005 and 2010. We perform regular assessments of the
sufficiency of this liability and reduced the amount by $164 million and $74 million in fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2016, respectively,
based on updated analyses. We further reduced the liability by $141 million and $58 million in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018,
respectively, to reflect lower than expected defects, actual usage history, and estimated lower future remediation costs as more
of the impacted products age and near the end of the support period covered by the remediation program.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we recorded a charge to product cost of sales of $125 million related to the expected
remediation costs for anticipated failures in future periods of a widely-used component sourced from a third party which is
included in several of our products.
The liabilities related to the supplier component remediation matters were $44 million and $174 million as of July 28, 2018 and
July 29, 2017, respectively.
(g) Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, we indemnify other parties, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions
with us, with respect to certain matters. We have agreed to hold such parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of
representations or covenants or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made against certain parties. These
agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim.
We have been asked to indemnify certain of our service provider customers that have been subject to patent infringement claims
asserted by Sprint Communications Company, L.P. in federal court in Kansas and Delaware. Sprint alleges that the service
provider customers infringed Sprint’s patents by offering VoIP telephone services utilizing products provided by us generally
in combination with those of other manufacturers. Sprint seeks monetary damages. Following a trial on March 3, 2017 against
Time Warner Inc., a jury in Kansas found that Time Warner Cable willfully infringed five Sprint patents and awarded Sprint
$139.8 million in damages. On March 14, 2017, the Kansas court declined Sprint’s request for enhanced damages and entered
judgment in favor of Sprint for $139.8 million plus 1.06% in post-judgment interest. On May 30, 2017, the Court awarded Sprint
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$20.3 million in pre-judgment interest and denied Time Warner Cable’s post-trial motions. Time Warner Cable has appealed.
On October 16, 2017, Sprint and Comcast Cable Communications, LLC reached resolution of the claims in Sprint’s lawsuit
against Comcast and, on October 19, 2017, the Kansas court dismissed Sprint’s lawsuit. On December 6, 2017, Sprint and
Cox Communications, Inc. reached resolution of the claims in Sprint’s lawsuit against Cox, and the Delaware court dismissed
Sprint’s lawsuit against Cox on December 7, 2017.
We believe that Time Warner Cable continues to have strong non-infringement and invalidity defenses and arguments and/or
that Sprint’s damages claims are inconsistent with prevailing law at trial and/or on appeal. Due to the uncertainty surrounding
the litigation process, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of the Time Warner Cable litigation at this time.
Should Sprint prevail in litigation, mediation, or settlement, we, in accordance with our agreements, may have an obligation
to indemnify Time Warner Cable for damages, mediation awards, or settlement amounts arising from its use of our products.
On January 15, 2016, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. (“Huawei”) filed four patent infringement actions against T-Mobile US,
Inc. and T-Mobile USA, Inc. (collectively, “T-Mobile”) in federal court in the Eastern District of Texas. Huawei alleged that
T-Mobile’s use of 3GPP standards to implement its 3G and 4G cellular networks infringed 12 patents. Huawei’s infringement
allegations for some of the patents were based on T-Mobile’s use of products provided by us in combination with those of other
manufacturers. T-Mobile requested indemnity by Cisco with respect to portions of the network that use our equipment. On
December 22, 2017, the Eastern District of Texas court dismissed Huawei’s four lawsuits after the parties reached settlement,
and T-Mobile’s indemnity request was subsequently resolved.
During fiscal 2018, we recorded legal and indemnification settlement charges of $127 million to product cost of sales in relation to these
matters. At this time, we do not anticipate that our obligations regarding the final outcome of the above matters would be material.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, and our Amended and Restated
Bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to our agents.
It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to our limited history with
prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments
made by us under these agreements have not had a material effect on our operating results, financial position, or cash flows.
(h) Legal Proceedings
Brazil Brazilian authorities have investigated our Brazilian subsidiary and certain of our former employees, as well as a
Brazilian importer of our products, and its affiliates and employees, relating to alleged evasion of import taxes and alleged
improper transactions involving the subsidiary and the importer. Brazilian tax authorities have assessed claims against our
Brazilian subsidiary based on a theory of joint liability with the Brazilian importer for import taxes, interest, and penalties. In
addition to claims asserted by the Brazilian federal tax authorities in prior fiscal years, tax authorities from the Brazilian state
of Sao Paulo have asserted similar claims on the same legal basis in prior fiscal years.
The asserted claims by Brazilian federal tax authorities that remain are for calendar years 2003 through 2007, and the asserted
claims by the tax authorities from the state of Sao Paulo are for calendar years 2005 through 2007. The total asserted claims by
Brazilian state and federal tax authorities aggregate to $218 million for the alleged evasion of import and other taxes, $1.4 billion
for interest, and $1.0 billion for various penalties, all determined using an exchange rate as of July 28, 2018. We have completed
a thorough review of the matters and believe the asserted claims against our Brazilian subsidiary are without merit, and we are
defending the claims vigorously. While we believe there is no legal basis for the alleged liability, due to the complexities and
uncertainty surrounding the judicial process in Brazil and the nature of the claims asserting joint liability with the importer, we
are unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome against our Brazilian subsidiary and are unable to reasonably
estimate a range of loss, if any. We do not expect a final judicial determination for several years.
SRI International On September 4, 2013, SRI International, Inc. (“SRI”) asserted patent infringement claims against us in the
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, accusing our products and services in the area of network intrusion detection
of infringing two U.S. patents. SRI sought monetary damages of at least a reasonable royalty and enhanced damages. The trial
on these claims began on May 2, 2016 and, on May 12, 2016, the jury returned a verdict finding willful infringement of the
asserted patents. The jury awarded SRI damages of $23.7 million. On May 25, 2017, the Court awarded SRI enhanced damages
and attorneys’ fees, entered judgment in the new amount of $57.0 million, and ordered an ongoing royalty of 3.5% through the
expiration of the patents in 2018. We have appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on various
grounds. We believe we have strong arguments to overturn the jury verdict and/or reduce the damages award. While the ultimate
outcome of the case may still result in a loss, we do not expect it to be material.
SSL SSL Services, LLC (“SSL”) has asserted claims for patent infringement against us in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern
District of Texas. The proceeding was instituted on March 25, 2015. SSL alleges that our AnyConnect products that include Virtual
Private Networking functions infringed a U.S. patent owned by SSL. SSL seeks money damages from us. On August 18, 2015,
we petitioned the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) of the United States Patent and Trademark Office to review whether
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the patent SSL has asserted against us is valid over prior art. On February 23, 2016, a PTAB multi-judge panel found a reasonable
likelihood that we would prevail in showing that SSL’s patent claims are unpatentable and instituted proceedings. On June 28, 2016,
in light of the PTAB’s decision to review the patent’s validity, the district court issued an order staying the district court case
pending the final written decision from the PTAB. On February 22, 2017, following a hearing, the PTAB issued its Final Written
Decision that the patent’s claims are unpatentable. SSL appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and,
on May 7, 2018, the Federal Circuit summarily affirmed the PTAB’s decision of unpatentability.
Straight Path On September 24, 2014, Straight Path IP Group, Inc. (“Straight Path”) asserted patent infringement claims against
us in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, accusing our 9971 IP Phone, Unified Communications
Manager working in conjunction with 9971 IP Phones, and Video Communication Server products of infringement. All of
the asserted patents have expired and Straight Path was therefore limited to seeking monetary damages for the alleged past
infringement. On November 13, 2017, the Court granted our motion for summary judgment of non-infringement, thereby
dismissing Straight Path’s claims against us and cancelling a trial which had been set for March 12, 2018. On January 16, 2018,
Straight Path appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit.
DXC Technology On August 21, 2015, Cisco and Cisco Systems Capital Corporation (“Cisco Capital”) filed an action in Santa
Clara County Superior Court for declaratory judgment and breach of contract against HP Inc. (“HP”) regarding a services
agreement for management services of a third party’s network. HP had prepaid the service agreement through a financing
arrangement with Cisco Capital, and had terminated its agreement with us. Pursuant to the terms of the service agreement
with HP, we determined the credit HP was entitled to receive under the agreement for certain prepaid amounts. HP disputed
our credit calculation and contended that we owe a larger credit to HP than we had calculated. In December 2015, we filed an
amended complaint which dropped the breach of contract claim in light of HP’s continuing payments to Cisco Capital under
the financing arrangement. On January 19, 2016, HP Inc. filed a counterclaim for breach of contract simultaneously with its
answer to the amended complaint. DXC Technology Corporation (“DXC”) reported that it is the party in interest in this matter
pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement between the then Hewlett-Packard Co. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Company (“HPE”) and the subsequent Separation and Distribution Agreement between HPE and DXC. On January 8, 2018, the
court continued the trial date from March 12, 2018 to June 11, 2018. The parties entered into a settlement agreement effective
June 30, 2018, resolving all of the claims and cross-claims in the case, and on August 1, 2018, the Court dismissed all claims and
cross-claims with prejudice. The settlement did not have a material impact on our results of operations.
Arista Networks, Inc. On February 24, 2016, Arista Networks, Inc. (“Arista”) filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California, asserting monopolization claims in violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act
and an unfair competition claim under California Bus. and Prof. Code § 17200. On October 31, 2017, Arista filed an amended
complaint for Sherman Act monopolization and § 17200 claims, alleging an anticompetitive scheme comprising our copyright
infringement action against Arista (which was based on Arista’s copying of our copyright-protected user interfaces) and
communications related to that litigation. Arista sought injunctive relief, lost profits, enhanced damages, and restitution. A
jury trial was scheduled for August 6, 2018. On August 6, 2018, Cisco and Arista entered into a binding term sheet resolving,
except as described below, all of the outstanding litigation between the companies. The terms are as follows: (i) Arista shall
pay $400 million to Cisco; (ii) Cisco will not assert against Arista patents that were included in the litigation as long as Arista
continues to implement workarounds it had put in place to certain of those patents; (iii) for three years (subject to earlier
termination in some circumstances), any claim against the other party regarding patent infringement for its new products, or
new features of existing products, will be resolved by an arbitration process; the process will not apply to claims of copyright
infringement, trade secret misappropriation or certain other claims; (iv) for five years, neither party will bring an action against
the other for patent or copyright (except for any claims of source code misappropriation) infringement regarding their respective
products on the market before August 6, 2018; and (v) certain limited changes shall be implemented by Arista to its user
interfaces for operation of its products, and the parties will continue to undertake the appeal of the ruling in U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California regarding copyright infringement, with further limited changes if the case is
remanded or reversed. The parties also agreed that for five years neither party would bring an action against the other’s contract
manufacturers, partners or customers for patent or copyright (excluding claims of source code misappropriation) infringement
regarding the other party’s products on the market before August 6, 2018. We received payment from Arista of $400 million on
August 20, 2018, which will be reflected in Cisco’s first quarter fiscal 2019 results.
Oyster Optics On November 24, 2016, Oyster Optics, LLC (“Oyster”) asserted patent infringement claims against us in the
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Oyster alleges that certain Cisco ONS 15454 and NCS 2000 line cards
infringe U.S. Patent No. 7,620,327 (“the ‘327 Patent”). Oyster seeks monetary damages. Oyster filed infringement claims based
on the ‘327 Patent against other defendants, including ZTE, Nokia, NEC, Infinera, Huawei, Ciena, Alcatel-Lucent, and Fujitsu,
and the court consolidated the cases alleging infringement of the ‘327 Patent. During the course of the case, defendants ZTE,
Nokia, NEC, Fujitsu, Infinera and Huawei reached settlements with Oyster. On August 9, 2018, the court reset the trial for
November 5, 2018. While we believe that we have strong non-infringement arguments and that the patent is invalid, if we do not
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prevail in the District Court, we believe damages ultimately assessed would not be material. Due to uncertainty surrounding
patent litigation processes, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome of this litigation at this time. However, we
do not anticipate that any final outcome of the dispute would be material.
In addition, we are subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including
intellectual property litigation. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the
ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of
operations, or cash flows.
For additional information regarding intellectual property litigation, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors-We may be found to
infringe on intellectual property rights of others” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
13. Shareholders’ Equity
(a) Cash Dividends on Shares of Common Stock
We declared and paid cash dividends of $1.24, $1.10 and $0.94 per common share, or $6.0 billion, $5.5 billion and $4.8 billion,
on our outstanding common stock during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Any future dividends will be subject to the approval of our Board of Directors.
(b) Stock Repurchase Program
In September 2001, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program. On February 14, 2018, our Board of Directors
authorized a $25 billion increase to the stock repurchase program. As of July 28, 2018, the remaining authorized amount for stock
repurchases under this program, including the additional authorization, is approximately $19.0 billion, with no termination date.
A summary of the stock repurchase activity under the stock repurchase program, reported based on the trade date, is as follows
(in millions, except per-share amounts):
Years Ended
July 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted-
Average Price
per Share
Shares
Amount
432 $
118 $
148 $
40.88 $
31.38 $
26.45 $
17,661
3,706
3,918
There were $180 million, $66 million and $45 million in stock repurchases pending settlement as of July 28, 2018, July 29, 2017
and July 30, 2016, respectively.
The purchase price for the shares of our stock repurchased is reflected as a reduction to shareholders’ equity. We are required
to allocate the purchase price of the repurchased shares as (i) a reduction to retained earnings and (ii) a reduction of common
stock and additional paid-in capital.
(c) Restricted Stock Unit Withholdings
We repurchased approximately 20 million, 20 million and 21 million shares, or $703 million, $619 million and $557 million
of common stock in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock or stock units
during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
(d) Preferred Stock
Under the terms of our Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may determine the rights, preferences, and terms of our
authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.
101
14. Employee Benefit Plans
(a) Employee Stock Incentive Plans
Stock Incentive Plan Program Description As of July 28, 2018, we had one stock incentive plan: the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan
(the “2005 Plan”). In addition, we have, in connection with our acquisitions of various companies, assumed the share-based
awards granted under stock incentive plans of the acquired companies or issued share-based awards in replacement thereof.
Share-based awards are designed to reward employees for their long-term contributions to us and provide incentives for them
to remain with Cisco. The number and frequency of share-based awards are based on competitive practices, operating results of
Cisco, government regulations, and other factors. Our primary stock incentive plan is summarized as follows:
2005 Plan As of July 28, 2018, the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2005 Plan over its term was 694 million
shares, plus shares from certain previous plans that are forfeited or are terminated for any other reason before being exercised
or settled. If any awards granted under the 2005 Plan are forfeited or are terminated for any other reason before being exercised
or settled, the unexercised or unsettled shares underlying the awards will again be available under the 2005 Plan. In addition,
starting November 19, 2013, shares withheld by Cisco from an award other than a stock option or stock appreciation right to
satisfy withholding tax liabilities resulting from such award will again be available for issuance, based on the fungible share
ratio in effect on the date of grant.
Pursuant to an amendment approved by our shareholders on November 12, 2009, the number of shares available for issuance
under the 2005 Plan is reduced by 1.5 shares for each share awarded as a stock grant or a stock unit, and any shares underlying
awards outstanding from certain previous plans that expire unexercised at the end of their maximum terms become available for
reissuance under the 2005 Plan. The 2005 Plan permits the granting of stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs, the vesting of
which may be performance-based or market-based along with the requisite service requirement, and stock appreciation rights
to employees (including employee directors and officers), consultants of Cisco and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and non-
employee directors of Cisco. Stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the 2005 Plan have an exercise price of
at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date. The expiration date for stock options and stock
appreciation rights shall be no later than 10 years from the grant date.
The stock options will generally become exercisable for 20% or 25% of the option shares one year from the date of grant
and then ratably over the following 48 months or 36 months, respectively. Time-based stock grants and time-based RSUs
will generally vest over a four year term. The majority of the performance-based and market-based RSUs vests at the end of
the three-year requisite service period or earlier if the award recipient meets certain retirement eligibility conditions. Certain
performance-based RSUs that are based on the achievement of financial and/or non-financial operating goals typically vest
upon the achievement of milestones (and may require subsequent service periods), with overall vesting of the shares underlying
the award ranging from six months to three years. The Compensation and Management Development Committee of our Board
of Directors has the discretion to use different vesting schedules. Stock appreciation rights may be awarded in combination with
stock options or stock grants, and such awards shall provide that the stock appreciation rights will not be exercisable unless
the related stock options or stock grants are forfeited. Stock grants may be awarded in combination with non-statutory stock
options, and such awards may provide that the stock grants will be forfeited in the event that the related non-statutory stock
options are exercised.
(b) Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which includes its subplan named the International Employee Stock Purchase Plan
(together, the “Purchase Plan”), under which 621 million shares of our common stock have been reserved for issuance as of
July 28, 2018. Eligible employees are offered shares through a 24-month offering period, which consists of four consecutive
6-month purchase periods. Employees may purchase a limited number of shares of our stock at a discount of up to 15% of the
lesser of the market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of each 6-month purchase period. The Purchase
Plan is scheduled to terminate on January 3, 2020. We issued 22 million, 23 million, and 25 million shares under the Purchase
Plan in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. As of July 28, 2018, 78 million shares were available for issuance under the
Purchase Plan.
102
(c) Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense consists primarily of expenses for stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock, and
RSUs granted to employees. The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
Years Ended
Cost of sales—product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Cost of sales—service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General and administrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restructuring and other charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total share-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Income tax benefit for share-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
94 $
133
227
538
555
246
33
1,372
1,599 $
558 $
July 30, 2016
70
142
212
470
545
205
26
1,246
1,458
429
85 $
134
219
529
542
236
3
1,310
1,529 $
451 $
As of July 28, 2018, the total compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards not yet recognized was $3.1 billion,
which is expected to be recognized over approximately 2.5 years on a weighted-average basis.
(d) Share-Based Awards Available for Grant
A summary of share-based awards available for grant is as follows (in millions):
Years Ended
Balance at beginning of fiscal year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted stock, stock units, and other share-based awards granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shares withheld for taxes and not issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of fiscal year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
272
(70)
18
25
—
245
July 29, 2017
242
(76)
78
28
—
272
July 30, 2016
276
(96)
30
30
2
242
For each share awarded as restricted stock or a restricted stock unit award under the 2005 Plan, 1.5 shares was deducted from the
available share-based award balance. For restricted stock units that were awarded with vesting contingent upon the achievement
of future financial performance or market-based metrics, the maximum awards that can be achieved upon full vesting of such
awards were reflected in the preceding table.
103
(e) Restricted Stock and Stock Unit Awards
A summary of the restricted stock and stock unit activity, which includes time-based and performance-based or market-based
RSUs, is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 25, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled/forfeited/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled/forfeited/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled/forfeited/other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(f) Stock Option Awards
Restricted Stock/
Stock Units
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value per Share
Aggregate
Fair Value
143
62
6
(54)
(12)
145
50
15
(54)
(15)
141
46
1
(53)
(16)
119
$
$
22.08
25.90
24.58
20.68 $
22.91
24.26
27.89
32.21
23.14 $
23.56
26.94
35.62
28.26
26.02 $
28.37
30.56
1,428
1,701
1,909
A summary of the stock option activity is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
BALANCE AT JULY 25, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled/forfeited/expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled/forfeited/expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed from acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled/forfeited/expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
Weighted-Average
Number
Exercise Price per Share
Outstanding
28.68
$
103
5.17
18
19.22
(32)
30.01
(16)
26.78
73
4.47
8
12.11
(14)
31.83
(55)
6.15
12
8.20
3
5.77
(8)
8.75
(1)
7.18
6
$
The total pretax intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $257 million, $283 million,
and $266 million, respectively.
104
The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding and exercisable stock options as of July 28, 2018 (in millions,
except years and share prices):
STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
STOCK OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
Range of Exercise Prices
$0.01 – 35.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number
Outstanding
6
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in Years)
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Number
Exercisable
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
5.9 $
7.18 $
228
4 $
6.84 $
153
The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on Cisco's closing stock price of $42.57 as of
July 27, 2018. The total number of in-the-money stock options exercisable as of July 28, 2018 was 4 million. As of July 29, 2017,
6 million outstanding stock options were exercisable, and the weighted-average exercise price was $5.61.
(g) Valuation of Employee Share-Based Awards
Time-based restricted stock units and PRSUs that are based on our financial performance metrics or non-financial operating
goals are valued using the market value of our common stock on the date of grant, discounted for the present value of expected
dividends. On the date of grant, we estimated the fair value of the total shareholder return (TSR) component of the PRSUs using
a Monte Carlo simulation model. The assumptions for the valuation of time-based RSUs and PRSUs are summarized as follows:
Years Ended
Number of shares granted (in millions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grant date fair value per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted-average assumptions/inputs:
July 28, 2018
43
35.81
$
RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
July 29, 2017
43
28.38
$
$
July 30, 2016
57
26.01
Expected dividend yield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Range of risk-free interest rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2%
0.0% – 2.7%
3.5%
3.2%
0.0% – 1.5% 0.0% – 1.2%
Years Ended
Number of shares granted (in millions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grant date fair value per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted-average assumptions/inputs:
$
Expected dividend yield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Range of risk-free interest rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Range of expected volatilities for index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERFORMANCE BASED RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
July 30, 2016
July 29, 2017
July 28, 2018
5
3
24.70
32.69
7
28.94
$
$
3.5%
1.0% – 2.7%
3.1%
0.0% – 1.2%
12.5% – 82.8% 16.7% – 46.8% 15.3% – 54.3%
3.4%
0.1% – 1.5%
The PRSUs granted during the fiscal years presented are contingent on the achievement of our financial performance metrics,
our comparative market-based returns, or the achievement of financial and non-financial operating goals. For the awards based
on financial performance metrics or comparative market-based returns, generally 50% of the PRSUs are earned based on the
average of annual operating cash flow and earnings per share goals established at the beginning of each fiscal year over a
three-year performance period. Generally, the remaining 50% of the PRSUs are earned based on our TSR measured against
the benchmark TSR of a peer group over the same period. Each PRSU recipient could vest in 0% to 150% of the target shares
granted contingent on the achievement of our financial performance metrics or our comparative market-based returns, and 0%
to 100% of the target shares granted contingent on the achievement of non-financial operating goals.
105
The assumptions for the valuation of employee stock purchase rights are summarized as follows:
Years Ended
Weighted-average assumptions:
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS
July 30, 2016
July 29, 2017
July 28, 2018
Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk-free interest rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expected life (in years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted-average estimated grant date fair value per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
22.1%
1.3%
3.1%
1.3
7.48
$
24.6%
0.7%
3.2%
1.3
6.52
$
23.9%
0.4%
3.1%
1.3
5.73
The valuation of employee stock purchase rights and the related assumptions are for the employee stock purchases made during
the respective fiscal years.
We used third-party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in our Black-Scholes model. We are responsible for
determining the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of our share-based payment awards.
We used the implied volatility for traded options (with contract terms corresponding to the expected life of the employee stock
purchase rights) on our stock as the expected volatility assumption required in the Black-Scholes model. The implied volatility
is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon
observed interest rates appropriate for the term of our employee stock purchase rights. The dividend yield assumption is based
on the history and expectation of dividend payouts at the grant date.
(h) Employee 401(k) Plans
We sponsor the Cisco Systems, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”) to provide retirement benefits for our employees. As allowed under
Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, the Plan provides for tax-deferred salary contributions and after-tax contributions
for eligible employees. The Plan allows employees to contribute up to 75% of their annual eligible earnings to the Plan on a
pretax and after-tax basis, including Roth contributions. Employee contributions are limited to a maximum annual amount as
set periodically by the Internal Revenue Code. We match pretax and Roth employee contributions up to 100% of the first 4.5%
of eligible earnings that are contributed by employees. Therefore, the maximum matching contribution that we may allocate
to each participant’s account will not exceed $12,375 for the 2018 calendar year due to the $275,000 annual limit on eligible
earnings imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. All matching contributions vest immediately. Our matching contributions to
the Plan totaled $269 million, $265 million, and $262 million in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
The Plan allows employees who meet the age requirements and reach the Plan contribution limits to make catch-up contributions
(pretax or Roth) not to exceed the lesser of 75% of their annual eligible earnings or the limit set forth in the Internal Revenue
Code. Catch-up contributions are not eligible for matching contributions. In addition, the Plan provides for discretionary profit-
sharing contributions as determined by the Board of Directors. Such contributions to the Plan are allocated among eligible
participants in the proportion of their salaries to the total salaries of all participants. There were no discretionary profit-sharing
contributions made in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016.
We also sponsor other 401(k) plans as a result of acquisitions of other companies. Our contributions to these plans were not
material to Cisco on either an individual or aggregate basis for any of the fiscal years presented.
(i) Deferred Compensation Plans
The Cisco Systems, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), a nonqualified deferred compensation
plan, became effective in 2007. As required by applicable law, participation in the Deferred Compensation Plan is limited to
a select group of our management employees. Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, which is an unfunded and unsecured
deferred compensation arrangement, a participant may elect to defer base salary, bonus, and/or commissions, pursuant to such
rules as may be established by Cisco, up to the maximum percentages for each deferral election as described in the plan.
We may also, at our discretion, make a matching contribution to the employee under the Deferred Compensation Plan. A
matching contribution equal to 4.5% of eligible compensation in excess of the Internal Revenue Code limit for qualified plans
for calendar year 2018 that is deferred by participants under the Deferred Compensation Plan (with a $1.5 million cap on eligible
compensation) will be made to eligible participants’ accounts at the end of calendar year 2018. The total deferred compensation
liability under the Deferred Compensation Plan, together with deferred compensation plans assumed from acquired companies,
was approximately $651 million and $622 million as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively, and was recorded primarily
in other long-term liabilities.
106
15. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of AOCI, net of tax, and the other comprehensive income (loss), excluding noncontrolling interest, are
summarized as follows (in millions):
BALANCE AT JULY 25, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
attributable to Cisco Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Gains) losses reclassified out of AOCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax benefit (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total change for the period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
attributable to Cisco Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Gains) losses reclassified out of AOCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax benefit (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total change for the period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
attributable to Cisco Systems, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Gains) losses reclassified out of AOCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax benefit (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total change for the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of adoption of accounting standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Cash Flow
Hedging
Instruments
Cumulative
Translation
Adjustment and
Actuarial Gains
and Losses
$
(16) $
(233) $
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
61
Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Available-
for-Sale
Investments
310
$
151
1
(49)
103
413
(164)
87
37
(40)
373
(66)
20
3
(43)
(59)
22
79
(10)
91
32
(399)
(6)
(42)
(447)
(680)
318
16
(13)
321
(359)
(543)
(287)
93
(737)
54
(310) $
$
21
(68)
4
(43)
—
(11) $
(159)
7
(8)
(160)
(9)
(528) $
(314)
15
(88)
(387)
(326)
176
182
14
372
46
(681)
(348)
89
(940)
45
(849)
The net gains (losses) reclassified out of AOCI into the Consolidated Statements of Operations, with line item location, during
each period were as follows (in millions):
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017 July 30, 2016
Comprehensive Income Components
Net unrealized gains and losses on
available-for-sale investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net unrealized gains and losses on cash
flow hedging instruments
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income Before Taxes
Line Item in Statements of Operations
287
$
(87) $
(1) Other income (loss), net
52
16
68
(59)
(20)
(79)
(15) Operating expenses
(5) Cost of sales—service
(20)
Cumulative translation adjustment and actuarial
gains and losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total amounts reclassified out of AOCI . . . . . . . . . . . $
(7)
348
$
(16)
(182) $
6 Operating expenses
(15)
107
16. Income Taxes
(a) Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
Years Ended
Federal:
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
State:
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign:
Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income before provision for income taxes consists of the following (in millions):
9,900
1,156
11,056
$
$
1,300
(42)
1,258
340
(232)
108
86
56
142
865
(93)
772
78
13
91
1,789
(24)
1,765
$ 12,929
$
1,416
(138)
1,278
2,678
$
1,432
(114)
1,318
2,181
Years Ended
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
3,765 $
9,274
13,039 $
2,393 $
9,894
12,287 $
July 30, 2016
2,907
10,013
12,920
The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision for
income taxes consist of the following:
Years Ended
Federal statutory rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of:
July 28, 2018
27.0%
July 29, 2017
35.0%
July 30, 2016
35.0%
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign income at other than U.S. rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Domestic manufacturing deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock-based compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax audit settlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Impact of the Tax Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.6
(5.2)
(2.5)
(0.5)
(0.1)
—
80.1
(0.2)
99.2%
1.1
(13.4)
(1.2)
(0.4)
1.4
—
—
(0.7)
21.8%
0.5
(14.5)
(1.7)
(0.6)
1.4
(2.8)
—
(0.4)
16.9%
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was enacted. The Tax Act significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax by, among
other things, lowering the statutory corporate income tax rate (“federal tax rate”) from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018,
implementing a modified territorial tax system, and imposing a mandatory one-time transition tax on accumulated earnings
of foreign subsidiaries. As a fiscal-year taxpayer, certain provisions of the Tax Act impact Cisco in fiscal 2018, including the
change in the federal tax rate and the one-time transition tax, while other provisions will be effective at the beginning of fiscal
2019, including the implementation of a modified territorial tax system and other changes to how foreign earnings are subject to
U.S. tax, and elimination of the domestic manufacturing deduction.
As a result of the decrease in the federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, we have computed our income tax
expense for the July 28, 2018 fiscal year using a blended federal tax rate of 27%. The 21% federal tax rate will apply to our fiscal
year ending July 27, 2019 and each year thereafter. We must remeasure our deferred tax assets and liabilities ("DTA") using the
federal tax rate that will apply when the related temporary differences are expected to reverse.
108
As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $76 billion in undistributed earnings for certain foreign subsidiaries. These
undistributed earnings were subject to the U.S. mandatory one-time transition tax and are eligible to be repatriated to the
U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. We have historically asserted our intention to indefinitely reinvest foreign
earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries. We have reevaluated our historic assertion as a result of enactment of the Tax Act and no
longer consider these earnings to be indefinitely reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries. As a result of this change in assertion, we
recorded a $1.2 billion tax expense for foreign withholding tax in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. In fiscal 2018, we repatriated
$70 billion of foreign subsidiary earnings to the U.S. (in the form of cash, cash equivalents, or investments), and paid foreign
withholding tax of $1.2 billion.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded adjustments to the provisional amounts originally recorded in the second
quarter of fiscal 2018 related to the U.S transition tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries and re-measurement of net
DTA. These adjustments include an $863 million benefit to the U.S. transition tax provisional amount related to the U.S taxation
of deemed foreign dividends in the transition fiscal year. This benefit may be reduced or eliminated in future legislation. If such
legislation is enacted, we will record the impact of the legislation in the quarter of enactment.
During fiscal 2018, we recorded a provisional tax expense of $10.4 billion related to the Tax Act, comprised of $8.1 billion
of U.S. transition tax, $1.2 billion of foreign withholding tax (discussed above), and $1.1 billion re-measurement of net DTA.
We plan to pay the transition tax in installments over eight years in accordance with the Tax Act. The $1.2 billion foreign
withholding tax was paid in February 2018.
In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which addresses
how a company recognizes provisional estimates when a company does not have the necessary information available, prepared
or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the effect of the changes in the Tax Act.
The measurement period ends when a company has obtained, prepared, and analyzed the information necessary to finalize its
accounting, but cannot extend beyond one year. The final impact of the Tax Act may differ from the above provisional estimates
due to changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act,
by changes in accounting standard for income taxes and related interpretations in response to the Tax Act, and any updates
or changes to estimates used in the provisional amounts. We have determined that the $8.1 billion of tax expense for the U.S.
transition tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, the $1.2 billion of foreign withholding tax, and the $1.1 billion of
tax expense for DTA re-measurement were each provisional amounts and reasonable estimates for fiscal 2018. Estimates used in
the provisional amounts include: the anticipated reversal pattern of the gross DTAs; and earnings, cash positions, foreign taxes
and withholding taxes attributable to foreign subsidiaries.
During fiscal 2016, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Cisco settled all outstanding items related to the audit of our federal
income tax returns for the fiscal years ended July 26, 2008 through July 31, 2010. As a result of the settlement, we recognized a
net benefit to the provision for income taxes of $367 million, which included a reduction of interest expense of $21 million. In
addition, the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 reinstated the U.S. federal R&D tax credit permanently. As a
result, the tax provision in fiscal 2016 included a tax benefit of $226 million related to the U.S. federal R&D tax credit, of which
$81 million was attributable to fiscal 2015.
Foreign taxes associated with the repatriation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries were not provided for on a cumulative total of
$77 million of undistributed earnings for certain foreign subsidiaries as of the end of fiscal 2018. We intend to reinvest these
earnings indefinitely in such foreign subsidiaries. If these earnings were distributed in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if
the shares of the relevant foreign subsidiaries were sold or otherwise transferred, we would be subject to additional foreign taxes.
The amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these earnings is approximately $15 million.
As a result of certain employment and capital investment actions, our income in certain foreign countries is subject to reduced
tax rates. A portion of these incentives expired at the end of fiscal 2015. The majority of the remaining tax incentives are
reasonably expected to expire at the end of fiscal 2019. The gross income tax benefit attributable to tax incentives was estimated
to be $0.9 billion ($0.19 per diluted share) in fiscal 2018. As of the end of fiscal 2017 and 2016, the gross income tax benefits
attributable to tax incentives were estimated to be $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion ($0.25 and $0.23 per diluted share) for the
respective years. The gross income tax benefits were partially offset by accruals of U.S. income taxes on foreign earnings.
109
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows (in millions):
Years Ended
Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additions for tax positions of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reductions for tax positions of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lapse of statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
1,973
251
84
(129)
(124)
(55)
2,000
July 29, 2017
1,627
$
336
180
(78)
(43)
(49)
1,973
$
July 30, 2016
2,029
$
255
116
(457)
(241)
(75)
1,627
$
As a result of the IRS tax settlement related to the federal income tax returns for the fiscal years ended July 26, 2008 through
July 31, 2010, the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits in fiscal 2016 was reduced by approximately $563 million. We also
reduced the amount of accrued interest by $63 million.
As of July 28, 2018, $1.7 billion of the unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate if realized. During fiscal
2018, we recognized $10 million of net interest expense and reduced penalties by less than $1 million. During fiscal 2017, we
recognized $26 million of net interest expense and a $4 million reduction in penalties. During fiscal 2016, we recognized a
$55 million reduction in net interest expense and a $40 million reduction in penalties. Our total accrual for interest and penalties
was $180 million, $186 million, and $154 million as of the end of fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. We are no longer
subject to U.S. federal income tax audit for returns covering tax years through fiscal 2010. We are no longer subject to foreign
or state income tax audits for returns covering tax years through fiscal 1999, and fiscal 2008, respectively.
We regularly engage in discussions and negotiations with tax authorities regarding tax matters in various jurisdictions. We
believe it is reasonably possible that certain federal, foreign, and state tax matters may be concluded in the next 12 months.
Specific positions that may be resolved include issues involving transfer pricing and various other matters. We estimate that the
unrecognized tax benefits at July 28, 2018 could be reduced by approximately $300 million in the next 12 months.
(b) Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents the breakdown for net deferred tax assets (in millions):
Deferred tax assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total net deferred tax assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
July 28, 2018
3,219
(141)
3,078
July 29, 2017
4,239
$
(271)
3,968
$
110
The following table presents the components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities (in millions):
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
ASSETS
Allowance for doubtful accounts and returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Sales-type and direct-financing leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventory write-downs and capitalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IPR&D, goodwill, and purchased intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credits and net operating loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Share-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred tax assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
285
171
289
54
63
1,584
1,087
190
370
408
4,501
(374)
4,127
$
443
277
446
171
125
2,057
976
273
504
559
5,831
(244)
5,587
LIABILITIES
Purchased intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized gains on investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total net deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
(753)
(118)
(33)
(145)
(1,049)
3,078
(1,037)
(340)
(203)
(39)
(1,619)
3,968
$
As of July 28, 2018, our federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were $703 million,
$891 million, and $808 million, respectively. A significant amount of the net operating loss carryforwards relates to acquisitions
and, as a result, is limited in the amount that can be recognized in any one year. If not utilized, the federal, state and foreign net
operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2019. We have provided a valuation allowance of $125 million for
deferred tax assets related to foreign net operating losses that are not expected to be realized.
As of July 28, 2018, our federal, state, and foreign tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately
$47 million, $1.0 billion, and $5 million, respectively. The federal tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2019.
The majority of state and foreign tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely. We have provided a valuation allowance of
$249 million for deferred tax assets related to state and foreign tax credits that are not expected to be realized.
17. Segment Information and Major Customers
(a) Revenue and Gross Margin by Segment
We conduct business globally and are primarily managed on a geographic basis consisting of three segments: the Americas,
EMEA, and APJC. Our management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives
from our internal management system. Sales are attributed to a segment based on the ordering location of the customer. We
do not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to our segments in this
internal management system because management does not include the information in our measurement of the performance
of the operating segments. In addition, we do not allocate amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible
assets, share-based compensation expense, significant litigation settlements and other contingencies, charges related to asset
impairments and restructurings, and certain other charges to the gross margin for each segment because management does not
include this information in our measurement of the performance of the operating segments.
111
Summarized financial information by segment for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, based on our internal management system and as
utilized by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), is as follows (in millions):
Years Ended
Revenue:
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APJC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gross margin:
Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APJC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segment total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unallocated corporate items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
$
$
$
$
29,070
12,425
7,834
49,330
18,792
7,945
4,726
31,463
(857)
30,606
$
$
$
$
28,351
12,004
7,650
48,005
18,284
7,855
4,741
30,880
(656)
30,224
$
$
$
$
29,392
12,302
7,553
49,247
18,986
7,998
4,620
31,604
(644)
30,960
Revenue in the United States was $25.5 billion, $25.0 billion, and $25.9 billion for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
(b) Revenue for Groups of Similar Products and Services
We design, manufacture, and sell IP-based networking and other products related to the communications and IT industry and
provide services associated with these products and their use. Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we began reporting our
product and service revenue in the following five categories: Infrastructure Platforms, Applications, Security, Other Products,
and Services. The change better aligns our product categories with our evolving business model. Prior period amounts have been
reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.
The following table presents revenue for groups of similar products and services (in millions):
Years Ended
Revenue:
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
Infrastructure Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Products (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
28,270 $
5,035
2,353
1,050
36,709
12,621
49,330 $
27,779 $
4,568
2,153
1,205
35,705
12,300
48,005 $
28,851
4,438
1,969
1,996
37,254
11,993
49,247
(1) During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we completed the sale of our SP Video CPE Business. SP Video CPE Business revenue was
$504 million for fiscal 2016.
(c) Additional Segment Information
The majority of our assets as of July 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 were attributable to our U.S. operations. In fiscal 2018, 2017, and
2016, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue.
Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents property and
equipment information for geographic areas (in millions):
Property and equipment, net:
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$
$
2,487 $
519
3,006 $
2,711 $
611
3,322 $
2,822
684
3,506
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
July 30, 2016
112
18. Net Income per Share
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per-share amounts):
Years Ended
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Weighted-average shares—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effect of dilutive potential common shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted-average shares—diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income per share—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Net income per share—diluted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Antidilutive employee share-based awards, excluded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 28, 2018
July 29, 2017
110 $
4,837
44
4,881
0.02 $
0.02 $
61
July 30, 2016
10,739
5,053
35
5,088
2.13
2.11
148
9,609 $
5,010
39
5,049
1.92 $
1.90 $
136
Employee equity share options, unvested shares, and similar equity instruments granted and assumed by Cisco are treated as
potential common shares outstanding in computing diluted earnings per share. Diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive
effect of in-the-money options, unvested restricted stock, and restricted stock units. The dilutive effect of such equity awards
is calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock
method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options and the amount of compensation cost for future service
that has not yet recognized are collectively assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
113
Supplementary Financial Data (Unaudited)
(in millions, except per-share amounts)
Quarters Ended
Revenue
Gross margin
Operating income
Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) per share - basic
Net income (loss) per share - diluted
Cash dividends declared per common share
Cash and cash equivalents and investments
July 28, 2018 (1) April 28, 2018
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,844 $
7,922 $
3,346 $
3,803 $
0.81 $
0.81 $
0.33 $
46,548 $
12,463 $
7,759 $
3,134 $
2,691 $
0.56 $
0.56 $
0.33 $
54,431 $
January 27, 2018 (2)
October 28, 2017
12,136
$
11,887
7,427
$
7,498
2,756
$
3,073
2,394
(8,778) $
0.48
(1.78) $
0.48
(1.78) $
0.29
$
0.29
71,588
$
73,683
Quarters Ended
Revenue
Gross margin
Operating income
Net income
Net income per share - basic
Net income per share - diluted
Cash dividends declared per common share
Cash and cash equivalents and investments
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
July 29, 2017
April 29, 2017
January 28, 2017
12,133 $
7,546 $
3,034 $
2,424 $
049 $
048 $
029 $
70,492 $
11,940 $
7,518 $
3,169 $
2,515 $
050 $
050 $
029 $
67,974 $
11,580
7,276
2,893
2,348
047
047
026
71,845
October 29, 2016
12,352
$
7,884
$
2,877
$
2,322
$
046
$
046
$
026
$
70,968
$
(1) In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded adjustments to the provisional amounts related to the US transition tax on accumulated
earnings of foreign subsidiaries and re-measurement of net deferred tax assets These adjustments included an $863 million benefit to the
US transition tax provisional amount related to the US taxation of deemed foreign dividends after the date of enactment in the transition
fiscal year
(2) In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded a provisional tax expense of $111 billion related to the Tax Act, comprised of $90 billion
of US transition tax, $12 billion of foreign withholding tax, and $09 billion re-measurement of net DTA
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
None
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in
reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods
specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management,
including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management’s report on our internal control over financial reporting and the report of our independent registered public
accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting are set forth, respectively, on page 62 under the caption
“Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” and on page 61 of this report
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting
Item 9B.
Other Information
None
114
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
PART III
The information required by this item relating to our directors and nominees is included under the captions “Board
of Directors - Proposal No 1 —Election of Directors,” “Board of Directors —Proposal No 1 —Business Experience and
Qualifications of Nominees,” and “Board of Directors —Proposal No 1—Board Meetings and Committees —Nomination and
Governance Committee” in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein
by reference
The information required by this item regarding our Audit Committee is included under the caption “Board of Directors —
Proposal No 1 —Board Meetings and Committees” and “Audit Committee Matters” in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018
Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference
Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this item relating to our executive officers
is included under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this report
The information required by this item regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Act of 1934 is included
under the caption “Compensation Committee Matters —Ownership of Securities —Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership
Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein
by reference
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer and all members of our finance department,
including the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer This code of ethics is entitled “Special Ethics
Obligations for Employees with Financial Reporting Responsibilities: Financial Officer Code of Ethics” and is posted on our
website The Internet address for our website is wwwciscocom, and this code of ethics may be found from our main webpage
by clicking first on “About Cisco,” then on “All Investor Relations,” then on “Corporate Governance,” and finally on “Financial
Officer Code of Ethics”
We intend to satisfy any disclosure requirement under Item 505 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from,
a provision of this code of ethics by posting such information on our website, on the webpage found by clicking through to
“Financial Officer Code of Ethics” as specified above
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required by this item relating to executive compensation is included under the captions “Compensation
Committee Matters — Proposal No 3 — Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Committee
Matters —Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Matters —Compensation Committee Report,”
“Compensation Committee Matters —Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation
Committee Matters —Fiscal 2018 Compensation Tables —Summary Compensation Table,” “—Grants of Plan-Based
Awards — Fiscal 2018” and “—CEO Pay Ratio” in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
and is incorporated herein by reference
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is
included under the caption “Compensation Committee Matters —Ownership of Securities,” and the information required
by this item relating to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included under the caption “
Compensation Committee Matters —Proposal No 2 —Approval of Amendment and Restatement of the Employee Stock
Purchase Plan —Equity Compensation Plan Information,” in each case in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item relating to review, approval or ratification of transactions with related persons is
included under the caption “Audit Committee Matters —Certain Relationships and Transactions with Related Persons,” and the
information required by this item relating to director independence is included under the caption “Board of Directors —Proposal
No 1 —Election of Directors —Independent Directors,” in each case in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018 Annual Meeting
of Shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference
115
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is included under the captions “Audit Committee Matters -—Proposal No 4 —
Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-Principal Accountant Fees and Services” and “Audit Committee
Matters —Proposal No 4 — Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our Proxy Statement related to the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders,
and is incorporated herein by reference
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) 1
Financial Statements
PART IV
2
3
See the “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page 60 of this report
Financial Statement Schedule
See “Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts” (below) within Item 15 of this report
Exhibits
See the “Index to Exhibits” immediately before the signature page of this report
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in millions)
Allowances For
Financing
Receivables
Accounts
Receivable
Year ended July 30, 2016
Balance at beginning of fiscal year $
Provisions (benefits)
Recoveries (write-offs), net
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of fiscal year $
Year ended July 29, 2017
Balance at beginning of fiscal year $
Provisions (benefits)
Recoveries (write-offs), net
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of fiscal year $
Year ended July 28, 2018
Balance at beginning of fiscal year $
Provisions (benefits)
Recoveries (write-offs), net
Foreign exchange and other
Balance at end of fiscal year $
382
17
(15)
(9)
375
375
(35)
(49)
4
295
295
(89)
(6)
5
205
$
$
$
$
$
$
302
(26)
(28)
1
249
249
27
(61)
(4)
211
211
(45)
(37)
—
129
Foreign exchange and other includes the impact of foreign exchange and certain immaterial reclassifications
116
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
31
32
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
410
101*
102*
103*
104*
105*
106*
107*
108*
109
Form
S-3
File No.
333-56004
Exhibit
41
Filing Date
2/21/2001
8-K 000-18225
31
7/29/2016
8-K 000-18225
41
2/17/2009
8-K 000-18225
41
11/17/2009
8-K 000-18225
41
3/16/2011
8-K 000-18225
41
3/3/2014
8-K 000-18225
41
2/17/2009
8-K 000-18225
41
11/17/2009
8-K 000-18225
42
3/3/2014
8-K 000-18225
41
6/18/2015
8-K 000-18225
41
2/29/2016
8-K 000-18225
41
9/20/2016
Restated Articles of Incorporation of Cisco Systems, Inc,
as currently in effect
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cisco Systems, Inc, as
currently in effect
Indenture, dated February 17, 2009, between Cisco
Systems, Inc and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust
Company, NA, as trustee
Indenture, dated November 17, 2009, between Cisco
Systems, Inc and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust
Company, NA, as trustee
Indenture, dated March 16, 2011, between Cisco Systems,
Inc and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company,
NA, as trustee
Indenture, dated March 3, 2014, between the Company
and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, NA,
as trustee
Forms of Global Note for the registrant’s 495% Senior
Notes due 2019 and 590% Senior Notes due 2039
Forms of Global Note for the registrant’s 445% Senior
Notes due 2020 and 550% Senior Notes due 2040
Form of Officer’s Certificate setting forth the terms of the
Fixed and Floating Rate Notes issued in March 2014
Form of Officer’s Certificate setting forth the terms of the
Fixed and Floating Notes issued in June 2015
Form of Officer’s Certificate setting forth the terms of the
Fixed and Floating Notes issued in February 2016
Form of Officer’s Certificate setting forth the terms of the
Fixed and Floating Notes issued in September 2016
Cisco Systems, Inc 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (including
related form agreements)
Cisco Systems, Inc Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Cisco Systems, Inc Deferred Compensation Plan,
as amended
8-K 000-18225
10-Q 000-18225
X
101
101
102
107
108
101
11/24/2014
2/21/2017
12/12/2017
9/20/2004
9/20/2004
11/3/2016
Cisco Systems, Inc Executive Incentive Plan
8-K 000-18225
Form of Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement
10-K 000-18225
Form of Director Indemnification Agreement
Separation Agreement by and between Cisco Systems, Inc
and Pankaj Patel
10-K 000-18225
8-K 000-18225
International Transfer Agreement
(Managed Move), Relocation Payback and International
Transfer Tax Policy Agreements by and between Cisco
Systems, Inc and Chris Dedicoat
Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2015, by and among
Cisco Systems, Inc and Lenders party thereto, and Bank of
America, NA, as administration agent, swing line lender
and an L/C issuer
10-Q 000-18225
102
11/22/2016
10-Q 000-18225
101
5/20/2015
117
Exhibit Description
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
Exhibit
Number
1010
1011
1012
211
231
241
311
312
321
322
File No.
Form
8-K 000-18225
Exhibit
101
Filing Date
3/31/2017
10-Q 000-18225
10-Q 000-18225
101
102
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
364-Day Credit Agreement dated as of March 30, 2017, by
and among Cisco Systems, Inc and Lenders party thereto,
and Bank of America, NA, as administration agent and
a Lender
Form of Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement
Commercial Paper Issuing and Paying Agent Agreement
dated January 31, 2011 between the Registrant and Bank of
America, NA
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Power of Attorney (included on page 119 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K)
Rule 13a–14(a)/15d–14(a) Certification of Principal
Executive Officer
Rule 13a–14(a)/15d–14(a) Certification of Principal
Financial Officer
Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
101INS XBRL Instance Document
101SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
Linkbase Document
101DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
Linkbase Document
*
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
118
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized
September 6, 2018
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC
/S/ Charles h. robbins
Charles H. Robbins
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints
Charles H Robbins and Kelly A Kramer, jointly and severally, his attorney-in-fact, each with the full power of substitution,
for such person, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the
same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite
and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might do or could do in person
hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his substitute, may do or cause to be done
by virtue hereof
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by
the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated
Signature
Title
Date
/S/ Charles h. robbins
Charles H. Robbins
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
September 6, 2018
/S/ Kelly a. Kramer
Kelly A. Kramer
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
September 6, 2018
/S/ Prat s. bhatt
Prat S. Bhatt
Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
September 6, 2018
119
Signature
Title
Date
/S/ Carol a. bartz
Carol A. Bartz
/S/ m. miChele burns
M. Michele Burns
/S/ miChael D. CaPellas
Michael D. Capellas
/S/ marK Garrett
Mark Garrett
/S/ John l. hennessy
Dr. John L. Hennessy
/S/ Kristina m. Johnson
Dr. Kristina M. Johnson
/S/ roDeriCK C. mCGeary
Roderick C. McGeary
/S/ arun sarin
Arun Sarin
/S/ brenton l. saunDers
Brenton L. Saunders
/S/ steven m. West
Steven M. West
Lead Independent Director
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
September 6, 2018
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
120
Shareholder Information and Forward-Looking StatementsForward-Looking StatementsThis Annual Report contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbor provisions created under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, projections, and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “momentum,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “endeavors,” “strives,” “may,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to our anticipated growth, trends in our business, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and may differ materially from actual future events or results due to a variety of factors, including business and economic conditions and growth trends in the networking industry; our customer markets and various geographic regions; global economic conditions and uncertainties in the geopolitical environment; overall information technology spending; the growth and evolution of the Internet and levels of capital spending on Internet-based systems; variations in customer demand for products and services, including sales to the service provider market and other customer markets; the return on our investments in certain priorities, key growth areas, and in certain geographical locations, as well as maintaining leadership in routing, switching, and services; the timing of orders and manufacturing and customer lead times; changes in customer order patterns or customer mix; insufficient, excess, or obsolete inventory; variability of component costs; variations in sales channels, product costs, or mix of products sold; our ability to successfully acquire businesses and technologies and to successfully integrate and operate these acquired businesses and technologies; our ability to achieve expected benefits of our partnerships; increased competition in our product and service markets, including the data center market; dependence on the introduction and market acceptance of new product offerings and standards; rapid technological and market change; manufacturing and sourcing risks; product defects and returns; litigation involving patents, intellectual property, antitrust, shareholder, and other matters, and governmental investigations; our ability to achieve the benefits of the announced restructuring and possible changes in the size and timing of the related charges; man-made problems such as cyberattacks, data protection breaches, malware, or terrorism; natural catastrophic events; a pandemic or epidemic; our ability to achieve the benefits anticipated from our investments in sales, engineering, service, marketing, and manufacturing activities; our ability to recruit and retain key personnel; our ability to manage financial risk and to manage expenses during economic downturns; risks related to the global nature of our operations, including our operations in emerging markets; currency fluctuations and other international factors; changes in provision for income taxes, including changes in tax laws and regulations or adverse outcomes resulting from examinations of our income tax returns; potential volatility in operating results; and other factors listed in Cisco’s most recent report on Form 10-K contained in this Annual Report. Our results of operations for the year ended July 28, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future periods. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.Executive OfficersCharles H. Robbins Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerMark Chandler Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Chief Compliance OfficerGerri Elliott Executive Vice President and Chief Sales and Marketing OfficerDavid Goeckeler Executive Vice President and General Manager, Networking and Security BusinessKelly A. Kramer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial OfficerMaria Martinez Executive Vice President and Chief Customer Experience OfficerIrving Tan Senior Vice President, OperationsPrincipal Accounting OfficerPrat S. Bhatt Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting OfficerResourcesFor more information about Cisco, to view the Annual Report online, or to obtain other financial information without charge, contact:Investor RelationsCisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 1 408 227 CSCO (2726) http://investor.cisco.com Cisco’s stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol CSCO.Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, CaliforniaPrepared by www.argyleteam.comTransfer Agent and RegistrarComputershare Investor Services P.O. Box 43078 Providence, RI 02940-3078 www-us.computershare.com/ investor Toll-free: 1 800 254 5194 International: 1 781 575 2879Notice of Annual MeetingCisco Systems, Inc. Building 9 260 East Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 Wednesday, December 12, 2018 10 a.m. Pacific time Americas Headquarters
San Jose, CA, USA
Asia Pacific Headquarters
Singapore
Europe Headquarters
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cisco has more than 400 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website
at www.cisco.com/go/offices.
Published October 2018
© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco
and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks.
Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word “partner” does not imply a
partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. This document is Cisco public information.
The papers used in the production of this Annual Report are all certified for Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC®) standards, which promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and
economically viable management of the world’s forests. This Annual Report was printed by a
facility in North America which uses exclusively vegetable based inks, 100% renewable wind
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