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ClearStream Energy Services Inc.

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FY2020 Annual Report · ClearStream Energy Services Inc.
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ClearStream Announces Fourth Quarter and 2020 Annual Financial Results

Business shows resiliency with annual revenues of $393 million down only 15% from 2019

Calgary, Alberta  (March  4,  2021)  –  ClearStream  Energy  Services  Inc.  (“ClearStream”  or  the  "Company")  (TSX: 
CSM) today announced its results for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2020.  All amounts are in 
Canadian dollars and expressed in thousands of dollars unless otherwise noted.

“EBITDAS”  and  “Adjusted  EBITDAS”  are  not  standard  measures  under  IFRS.  Please  refer  to  the  Advisory 
regarding Non-Standard Measures at the end of this press release for a description of these items and limitations 
of their use.

“With the arrival of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the fourth quarter, activity levels returned to a 
level  similar  to  the  second  quarter  when  economic  activity  was  constrained  by  the  public  health  measures  as 
governments  responded  and  caused  customers  to  remain  cautious  regarding  their  spending  plans,”  said  Yves 
Paletta, Chief Executive Officer.

“With the recent recovery in both oil and natural gas prices that accelerated in the first two months of 2021 and 
the  expected  global  roll  out  of  vaccinations  for  COVID-19  this  year,  we  believe  that  activity  levels  will  start  to 
recover in the second half of 2021. However, as a sector, we can expect to be in a lower growth operating model 
for  the  conceivable  future  and,  as  such,  many  of  our  customers  have  moved  to  an  operational  mindset  that 
focuses  on  production  optimization,  reliability  and  environmental  considerations  through  operational  excellence. 
ClearStream is very well-positioned to support such trends,” said Mr. Paletta. 

“As previously announced, we were deeply saddened by the incident that occurred on December 28, 2020 at the 
Suncor  Fort  Hills  mine  that  resulted  in  the  death  of  two  valued  members  of  our  ClearStream  family.    We  are 
actively  working  with  Occupational  Health  and  Safety  with  respect  to  the  incident  investigation.    ClearStream’s 
strong HSE Management System and leadership’s commitment to the safety of our people is more than ever our 
most important core value," added Mr. Paletta.

HIGHLIGHTS

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Revenues  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  were  $393.1  million,  representing  a  decrease  of 
$71.2 million or 15.3% from 2019.

Adjusted EBITDAS for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $10.5 million, representing a decrease of 
$15.8 million or 60% from 2019.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $24.0 million, 
representing a decrease of $2.2 million or 8.6% from 2019.

Liquidity  remained  strong  with  total  cash  and  available  credit  facilities  of  $71.7  million  at  December  31, 
2020, up from $66.2 million at September 30, 2020.

New  project  awards  and  contract  renewals  were  $46  million  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31, 
2020  and  approximately  $100  million  for  2021  year-to-date  (as  announced  in  the  press  release  dated 
February  24,  2021).  Most  of  the  work  will  be  completed  in  2021  with  the  balance  scheduled  for 
2022-2025.

Completed a corporate reorganization at year-end 2020 to simplify the corporate legal structure with the 
closing and consolidation of various legacy entities in order to reduce compliance costs going forward.

Established  a  multi-disciplinary  team  to  oversee  the  implementation  of  internal  and  external  digitization 
strategies to transform ClearStream into a low cost, efficient and differentiated service provider.

Maintenance and Construction Services

Activity  levels  for  maintenance  and  construction  services  slowed  in  the  fourth  quarter  after  a  busy  third  quarter 
that saw the completion of 7 turnaround projects, many of which had originally been scheduled for the first half of 
2020.  Revenues from maintenance and construction services in 2020 were only down 11.1% from 2019, which 

Page 1

shows the resiliency of our business.  We benefited from a diverse customer base in the energy sector as those 
customer’s focussed on natural gas production experienced less volatility in their operations. 

With  the  continuing  recovery  in  world  oil  prices  combined  with  on-going  strength  in  North American  natural  gas 
prices, bidding activity for new work accelerated towards the end of 2020 and has continued to be very active in 
2021.  We remain focussed on consolidating various scopes of work with existing customers by adding additional 
services to enable more efficient execution and lower costs for our customers on each work site.

Wear Technology Overlay Services

In  2020,  activity  levels  for  wear  technology  overlay  services  remained  well  below  historical  levels  as  customers 
scaled  back  their  production  output  and  spending  on  consumables  in  response  to  weak  oil  prices.    With  the 
recovery  in  world  oil  prices,  we  are  seeing  customers  increase  their  production  outlook  for  2021,  which  has 
resulted in a modest increase in demand for wear technology overlay services in the first quarter of 2021. 

Environmental

We  are  actively  pursuing  opportunities  with  our  customers  to  secure  funding  under  the  federal  and  provincial 
programs for the closure and reclamation of oil and gas wells, pipelines and facilities in British Columbia, Alberta 
and  Saskatchewan.    We  expect  the  pace  at  which  funding  under  these  programs  is  released  to  accelerate  in 
2021.    In  addition,  we  are  seeing  oil  and  gas  companies  increase  their  own  expenditures  for  reclamation  and 
remediation activities.

FOURTH QUARTER AND ANNUAL 2020 FINANCIAL RESULTS

($ millions, except per share amounts)

Revenue
   Maintenance and Construction Services
   Wear Technology Overlay Services
Total
Gross Profit
   Maintenance and Construction Services
   Wear Technology Overlay Services
Total
% of revenue
Selling, general and administrative expenses
% of revenue
Adjusted EBITDAS
   Maintenance and Construction Services.
   Wear Technology Overlay Services
   Corporate
Total
% of revenue
Income (loss) from continuing operations

Net income (loss) per share from continuing 
operations (basic and diluted)

Note:

Three months ended 
December 31,

Twelve months ended 
December 31,

2020

2019 % Change

2020

2019 % Change

77.6
7.6
84.5

124.4
12.7
137.1

7.1
1.3
8.4

10.2
4.6
14.9
 9.9 %  10.8 %
9.9
 7.2 %

7.9
 9.4 %

 (37.6) %
 (40.2) %
 (38.3) %

 (30.7) %
 (72.4) %
 (43.7) %
 (0.9) %
 (20.1) %
 2.1 %

361.8
33.4
393.1

407.1
61.0
464.3

32.1
28.0
18.3
5.6
50.4
33.7
 8.6 %  10.9 %
26.2
24.0
 5.7 %
 6.1 %

 (11.1) %
 (45.3) %
 (15.3) %

 (12.6) %
 (69.2) %
 (33.2) %
 (2.3) %
 (8.6) %
 0.4 %

7.0
1.2
(7.7)
0.5
 0.6 %
1.8

10.4
4.5
(9.6)
5.4
 3.9 %
(10.4)

27.8
 (32.7) %
 (74.7) %
5.5
 (19.8) % (22.7)
10.5
 (91.1) %
 2.7 %
 (3.4) %
3.5
 (116.8) %

31.6
17.7
(23.0)
26.3
 5.7 %
(6.7)

 (12.1) %
 (69.1) %
 (1.4) %
 (60.0) %
 (3.0) %
 (152.1) %

0.02

(0.09)

 (116.8) %

0.03

(0.06)

 (152.1) %

(1) 
Standard Measures at the end of this press release for a description of this measure and limitations of its use. 

“Adjusted EBITDAS” is not a standard measure under IFRS. Please refer to the Advisory regarding Non-

Page 2

2020 RESULTS COMMENTARY

Revenue  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $393,121  compared  to  $464,252  for  the  same  period  in 
2019,  a  decrease  of  15.3%.  The  decrease  in  2020,  in  comparison  to  2019,  was  driven  by  overall  reduced 
customer spending and the postponement of a portion of scheduled maintenance and turnaround activities as a 
result of macro-economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross  profit  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $33,686  compared  to  $50,396  for  the  same  period  in 
2019,  a  decrease  of  33%.  Gross  profit  margin  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  8.6%  compared  to 
10.9% for the same period in 2019. The decrease in 2020, in comparison to 2019, was due to a reduction in both 
the total volume and the volume of higher margin work in the Wear Technology Overlay Services segment where 
certain fixed costs are required to operate the facilities in addition to downward pressure on margins by customers 
in  response  to  market  uncertainty. As  it  became  clear  that  the  COVID-19  outbreak  and  other  market  conditions 
were  going  to  have  longer  term  impacts  on  our  activity  levels  and  margins  across  the  whole  business,  we  took 
immediate steps to adjust our cost structures. During the third quarter, we closed ClearStream Wear's locations in 
Nisku and Edmonton and consolidated all operations into the Sherwood Park location. By eliminating these two 
facilities,  we  have  significantly  improved  production  flexibility  and  reduced  the  fixed  costs  associated  with 
ClearStream Wear's operations. 

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were  $23,986, in 
comparison to $26,240 in 2019, a decrease of 8.6%. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses for the year 
ended  December  31,  2020  were  6.1%  compared  to  5.7%  in  2019.  The  increase  in  SG&A  expenses  as  a 
percentage  of  revenue  was  due  to  the  decline  in  revenue  resulting  from  macro-economic  uncertainty  and  the 
economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the market uncertainty, we continued to right size our SG&A 
cost structures compared to the prior year as shown by the decrease in total SG&A expenses in 2020 compared 
to the same period 2019.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, Adjusted  EBITDAS  was  $10,524  compared  to  $26,282  in  2019. As  a 
percentage of revenue, Adjusted EBITDAS was 2.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 5.7% 
for  the  same  period  in  2019.  Adjusted  EBITDAS  as  a  percentage  of  revenue  decreased  due  to  gross  profit 
decreases  in  both  the  Maintenance  and  Construction  Services  segment  and  the  Wear  Technology  Overlay 
Services segment.

Income from government subsidies represents the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy ("CEWS") and the Canada 
Emergency  Rent  Subsidy  ("CERS")  received  from  the  Government  of  Canada  to  assist  with  the  payment  of 
employee  wages  and  rent  as  a  result  of  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  During  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, the Company qualified for both CEWS and CERS and recorded total grants of $33,521 in the 
Consolidated Interim Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). 

Income  from  continuing  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $3,469  compared  to  a  loss  of 
$6,652  in  2019.  The  income  variance  was  driven  by  the  government  subsidies  received,  the  recovery  of  the 
share-based  compensation  and  other  long-term  incentive  plans,  and  the  recovery  of  contingent  consideration 
liability  offset  by  the  goodwill  impairment  loss  and  decrease  to  gross  profit  for  the  2020  period  as  well  as  the 
bargain purchase gain in 2019.

FOURTH QUARTER RESULTS COMMENTARY

Revenues  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2020  were  $84,530  compared  to  $137,066  for  the  same 
period  in  2019,  a  decrease  of  38.3%  on  a  year-over-year  basis.  This  decrease  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2020 in comparison to the same period in 2019, was driven by overall reduced customer spending  
as a result of the volatility in crude oil prices due to macro-economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the 
COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross  profit  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $8,372  compared  to  $14,868  for  the  same 
period in 2019. Gross margins were 9.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2020 compared to 10.8% in 
the same period in 2019. The decrease in gross margin in 2020 was due to a reduction in both the total volume 
and  the  volume  of  higher  margin  work  in  the  Wear  Technology  Overlay  Services  segment  where  certain  fixed 
costs are required to operate the facilities in addition to downward pressure on margins by customers in response 

Page 3

to market uncertainty. As it became clear that the COVID-19 outbreak and other market conditions were going to 
have longer term impacts on our activity levels and margins across the whole business, we took immediate steps 
to  adjust  our  cost  structure  as  shown  by  the  gross  margin  increasing  to  9.9%  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2020 from 8.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

SG&A expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2020 were $7,923 compared to $9,912 for the same 
period  in  2019. As  a  percentage  of  revenue,  SG&A  expenses  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2020 
were  9.4%  compared  to  7.2%  for  the  same  period  in  2019  due  to  the  decline  in  revenue  resulting  from  macro-
economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ASSET-BASED LENDING FACILITY

On  March  3,  2021,  the  Company  received  confirmation  from  the  lead  lender  under  the ABL  Facility  that  it  had 
agreed to extend the maturity date of the Revolving Facility to March 23, 2022. The Company and the lead lender 
under  the ABL  Facility  are  preparing  an  amending  agreement  to  effect  the  extension  of  the  maturity  date  and 
certain  other  amendments.  Due  to  the  Company's  current  cash  position,  it  was  able  to  reduce  the  maximum 
borrowings available under the Revolving Facility to $15 million effective March 23, 2021.

OUTLOOK

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact both the local and global economy.  The public 
health measures to limit the spread of the virus, including business restrictions, travel restrictions, border closures, 
quarantines  and  social  distancing,  will  remain  in  place  for  the  near-term  to  allow  for  the  global  distribution  of 
vaccines for COVID-19.  As the rate of vaccinations increases, we expect that governments will start to re-open 
their economies.

With  the  recovery  in  world  oil  prices,  we  expect  that  our  customers  who  are  involved  in  the  energy  sector  will 
realize  higher  cash  flows,  begin  to  increase  their  spending  and  address  maintenance  projects  that  have  been 
deferred.    We  expect  that  activity  levels  will  recover  in  the  second  half  of  2021  as  customers  prioritize  asset 
management and integrity services to increase operational reliability.

With energy transition and environmental considerations becoming increasingly important for all stakeholders in 
the energy sector, our customers will focus on improving their operational processes for greater efficiencies and 
reliability. 

To better support our customers, ClearStream has continued to add new service offerings that encompass the full 
asset  lifecycle  and  is  now  offering  a  suite  of  more  than  40  services.  Through  the  extensive  regional  coverage 
provided  by  our  15  operating  facilities,  we  believe  that  ClearStream  is  well-positioned  to  consolidate  further 
multiple  services  required  at  various  operating  sites  while  generating  efficiencies  and  cost  reductions  for  its 
customers. 

ClearStream's  business  model  continues  to  prove  its  resilience  as  we  are  working  closely  with  our  customers 
every day in managing their operations. 

Additional Information

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  and  the  related  Management's 
Discussion  and  Analysis  of  the  operating  and  financial  results  can  be  accessed  on  our  website  at 
www.clearstreamenergy.ca and will be available shortly through SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

About ClearStream Energy Services Inc.

With a legacy of excellence and experience stretching back more than 50 years, ClearStream provides solutions 
for  the  Energy  and  Industrial  markets  including:  Oil  &  Gas,  Petrochemical,  Mining,  Power, Agriculture,  Forestry, 
Infrastructure and Water Treatment. With offices strategically located across Canada and a dedicated workforce, 
we provide maintenance, construction and environmental services that keep our clients moving forward. For more 
information about ClearStream, please visit www.clearstreamenergy.ca or contact:

Page 4

Randy Watt

Chief Financial Officer

Yves Paletta

Chief Executive Officer

ClearStream Energy Services Inc.

ClearStream Energy Services Inc.

(587) 318-0997

rwatt@clearstreamenergy.ca

(587) 318-0997

ypaletta@clearstreamenergy.ca

Advisory regarding Forward-Looking Information 

Certain  information  included  in  this  press  release  may  constitute  “forward-looking  information”  within  the  meaning  of  Canadian  securities  laws.  In  some  cases, 

forward-looking information can be identified by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, 

“continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. This press release contains forward-looking 

statements relating to but not limited to:  our business plans, strategies and objectives; the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on global commerce and oil prices; 

that customers will remain cautious regarding their spending plans; that activity levels will recover in the second half of 2021; that we will be in a lower growth 

operating model for the conceivable future; that customers will focus on production optimization, reliability and environmental considerations through operational 

excellence; the estimated value of contract renewals and project awards; that the implementation of internal and external digitization strategies will transform us 

into a low cost, efficient and differentiated service provider; that there will be a modest increase in demand for wear technology overlay services in the first quarter 

of  2021;  that  the  pace  at  which  funding  under  federal  and  provincial  programs  for  the  closure  and  reclamation  of  oil  and  gas  wells,  pipelines  and  facilities  is 

released will accelerate in 2021; that the consolidation of our wear technology overlay facilities has improved our production flexibility and reduced our fixed costs; 

that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact both the local and global economy; the duration of public health measures; that governments will start to re-

open their economies as the rate of vaccinations increases; that our customers who are involved in the energy industry will begin to increase their spending and 

address maintenance projects that have been deferred as they realize higher cash flows from the recovery in world oil prices; that activity levels will recover in the 

second half of 2021 as customers prioritize asset management and integrity services to increase operational reliability; that our customers will focus on improving 

their  operational  processes;  and  that  we  are  well-positioned  to  consolidate  further  multiple  services  while  generating  efficiencies  and  cost  reductions  for  our 

customers.

Forward-looking information involves significant risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the events 

and results discussed in the forward-looking information including, but not limited to, the success of our response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, risks related 

to  the  integration  of  acquired  businesses,  conditions  of  capital  markets,  economic  conditions,  commodity  prices,  dependence  on  key  personnel,  interest  rates, 

regulatory  change,  ability  to  meet  working  capital  requirements  and  capital  expenditure  needs,  factors  relating  to  the  weather  and  availability  of  labour.  These 

factors  should  not  be  considered  exhaustive.  Risks  and  uncertainties  about  ClearStream’s  business  are  more  fully  discussed  in  ClearStream’s  disclosure 

materials, including its annual information form and management’s discussion and analysis of the operating and financial results, filed with the securities regulatory 

authorities  in  Canada  and  available  at  www.sedar.com.  In  formulating  the  forward-looking  information,  management  has  assumed  that  business  and  economic 

conditions affecting ClearStream will continue substantially in the ordinary course, including, without limitation, with respect to general levels of economic activity, 

regulations,  taxes  and  interest  rates.  Although  the  forward-looking  information  is  based  on  what  management  of  ClearStream  consider  to  be  reasonable 

assumptions  based  on  information  currently  available  to  it,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  actual  events  or  results  will  be  consistent  with  this  forward-looking 

information, and management’s assumptions may prove to be incorrect.

This forward-looking information is made as of the date of this press release, and ClearStream does not assume any obligation to update or revise it to reflect new 

events or circumstances except as required by law. Undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking information. Forward-looking information is provided 

for the purpose of providing information about management's current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that such information 

may not be appropriate for other purposes.

Advisory regarding Non-Standard Measures

The  terms  ‘‘EBITDAS’’  and  “Adjusted  EBITDAS”  (collectively,  the  ‘‘Non-standard  measures’’)  are  financial  measures  used  in  this  press  release  that  are  not 

standard  measures  under  IFRS.    ClearStream’s  method  of  calculating  Non-standard  measures  may  differ  from  the  methods  used  by  other  issuers.  Therefore, 

ClearStream’s Non-standard measures, as presented may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.

EBITDAS  refers  to  net  earnings  determined  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  before  depreciation  and  amortization,  interest  expense,  income  tax  expense  (recovery), 

share-based compensation, and other long-term incentive plans. EBITDAS is used by management and the directors of ClearStream as well as many investors to 

determine the ability of an issuer to generate cash from operations.  Management also uses EBITDAS to monitor the performance of ClearStream’s reportable 

segments and believes that in addition to net income or loss and cash provided by operating activities, EBITDAS is a useful supplemental measure from which to 

determine ClearStream’s ability to generate cash available for debt service, working capital, capital expenditures and income taxes. ClearStream has provided a 

reconciliation of income (loss) from continuing operations to EBITDAS in its management's discussion and analysis of the operating and financial results for the 

year ended December 31, 2020. 

Page 5

Adjusted EBITDAS refers to EBITDAS excluding the gain on sale of assets held for sale, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, restructuring costs, gain on 

sale  of  property  plant  and  equipment,  recovery  of  contingent  consideration  liability,  other  loss,  one  time  incurred  expenses,  impairment  of  right-of-use  assets, 

bargain purchase gain, gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets, and government subsidies. ClearStream has used Adjusted EBITDAS as the basis for the 

analysis of its past operating financial performance. Adjusted EBITDAS is used by ClearStream and management believes it is a useful supplemental measure 

from  which  to  determine  ClearStream’s  ability  to  generate  cash  available  for  debt  service,  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  and  income  taxes.  Adjusted 

EBITDAS  is  a  measure  that  management  believes  facilitates  the  comparability  of  the  results  of  historical  periods  and  the  analysis  of  its  operating  financial 

performance  which  may be  useful  to  investors. ClearStream has provided a reconciliation of income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDAS its 

management's discussion and analysis of the operating and financial results for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Investors are cautioned that the Non-standard measures are not alternatives to measures under IFRS and should not, on their own, be construed as an indicator of 

performance  or  cash  flows,  a  measure  of  liquidity  or  as  a  measure  of  actual  return  on  the  shares.  These  Non-standard  measures  should  only  be  used  with 

reference to ClearStream’s Interim Financial Statements and Annual Financial Statements available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or on ClearStream’s website at 

www.clearstreamenergy.ca.

Page 6

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

March 4, 2021

The  following  is  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  (“MD&A”)  of  the  consolidated  results  of  operations, 
balance  sheets  and  cash  flows  of  ClearStream  Energy  Services  Inc.  ("ClearStream"  or  the  "Company")  for  the 
years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with ClearStream’s audited 
consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

All amounts in this MD&A are in Canadian dollars and expressed in thousands of dollars unless otherwise noted. 
The accompanying audited annual consolidated financial statements of ClearStream have been prepared by and 
are the responsibility of management. The contents of this MD&A have been approved by the Board of Directors 
of ClearStream on the recommendation of its Audit Committee. This MD&A is dated March 4, 2021 and is current 
to that date unless otherwise indicated.

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

This  MD&A  makes  reference  to  certain  measures  that  are  not  defined  in  IFRS  and  contains  forward-looking 
information. These measures do not have any standard meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to 
be  comparable  to  similar  measures  presented  by  other  issuers.  See  "Advisory  regarding  Forward-Looking 
Information" and "Advisory regarding Non-Standard Measures".

References to “we”, “us”, “our” or similar terms, refer to ClearStream, unless the context otherwise requires. 

P	A	G	E			7

Reportable Segments 

The  three  segments  listed  below  represent  the  reportable  segments  that  the  chief  operating  decision  maker 
considers when reviewing the performance of ClearStream and deciding where to allocate resources. 

ClearStream’s operations, assets and employees are mainly located in Canada with some activity in the United 
States  through  Universal  Weld  Overlays  Inc.  ClearStream  utilizes  EBITDAS  and  Adjusted  EBITDAS  as 
performance measures for its segmented results. These measures are considered to be non-standard measures 
under IFRS. 

Segment

Business Description

Maintenance and 
Construction Services

Operational, maintenance, turnaround and construction services to the 
conventional oil and gas, oilsands, and other industries as well as abandonment, 
decommissioning, and reclamation services.

Wear Technology Overlay 
Services

Custom fabrication services supporting pipeline and infrastructure projects, 
patented wear overlay technology services specializing in overlay pipe spools, 
pipe bends and plate.

Corporate

Head office management, administrative, legal and interest expenses.

Note: Certain amounts in the previous periods presented herein have been reclassified from the prior year to conform to the current period presentation. The 
Environmental Services division has been included in the Maintenance and Construction Services segment; the financial results for this division were not 
significant to overall financial results for this segment during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. 

P	A	G	E			8

Advisory regarding Forward-Looking Information 

Certain information included in this MD&A may constitute “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. In some cases, forward-

looking  information  can  be  identified  by  terminology  such  as  “may”,  “will”,  “should”,  “expect”,  “plan”,  “anticipate”,  “believe”,  “estimate”,  “predict”,  “potential”, 

“continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Specifically, this MD&A contains forward-

looking information relating to: our business plans, strategies and objectives; the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on global commerce and oil prices; that the 

COVID-19 outbreak and other market conditions will have longer term impacts on our activity levels and margins; that the consolidation of our wear technology 

overlay facilities has improved our production flexibility and reduced our fixed costs; the sufficiency of our liquidity and cash flow from operations to meet our short-

term contractual obligations and maintain compliance with our financial covenants through December 31, 2021; the effect of known claims and litigation on our 

financial position and results of operations; that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact both the local and global economy; the duration of public health 

measures; that governments will start to re-open their economies as the rate of vaccinations increases; that our customers who are involved in the energy industry 

will begin to increase their spending and address maintenance projects that have been deferred as they realize higher cash flows from the recovery in world oil 

prices; that activity levels will recover in the second half of 2021 as customers prioritize asset management and integrity services to increase operational reliability; 

that our customers will focus on improving their operational processes; and that we are well-positioned to consolidate further multiple services while generating 

efficiencies and cost reductions for our customers.

Forward-looking information involves significant risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the events 

and results discussed in the forward-looking information including, but not limited to, the success of our response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, risks related 

to  the  integration  of  acquired  businesses,  conditions  of  capital  markets,  economic  conditions,  commodity  prices,  dependence  on  key  personnel,  interest  rates, 

regulatory  change,  ability  to  meet  working  capital  requirements  and  capital  expenditure  needs,  factors  relating  to  the  weather  and  availability  of  labour.  These 

factors  should  not  be  considered  exhaustive.  Risks  and  uncertainties  about  ClearStream’s  business  are  more  fully  discussed  in  ClearStream’s  disclosure 

materials, including its annual information form and management’s discussion and analysis of the operating and financial results, filed with the securities regulatory 

authorities  in  Canada  and  available  at  www.sedar.com.  In  formulating the  forward-looking  information,  management  has  assumed  that  business  and  economic 

conditions affecting ClearStream will continue substantially in the ordinary course, including, without limitation, with respect to general levels of economic activity, 

regulations,  taxes  and  interest  rates.  Although  the  forward-looking  information  is  based  on  what  management  of  ClearStream  consider  to  be  reasonable 

assumptions  based  on  information  currently  available  to  it,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  actual  events  or  results  will  be  consistent  with  this  forward-looking 

information, and management’s assumptions may prove to be incorrect.

This forward-looking information is made as of the date of this MD&A, and ClearStream does not assume any obligation to update or revise it to reflect new events 

or circumstances except as required by law. Undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking information. Forward-looking information is provided for the 

purpose of providing information about management's current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that such information may not 

be appropriate for other purposes.

Advisory regarding Non-Standard Measures

The terms ‘‘EBITDAS’’, “Adjusted EBITDAS” and "Adjusted EBITDAS from Operations" (collectively, the ‘‘Non-Standard Measures’’) are financial measures used in 

this MD&A that are not standard measures under IFRS.  ClearStream’s method of calculating Non-Standard Measures may differ from the methods used by other 

issuers. Therefore, ClearStream’s Non-Standard Measures, as presented may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.

EBITDAS  refers  to  net  earnings  determined  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  before  depreciation  and  amortization,  interest  expense,  income  tax  expense  (recovery), 

share-based compensation, and other long-term incentive plans. EBITDAS is used by management and the directors of ClearStream as well as many investors to 

determine the ability of an issuer to generate cash from operations.  Management also uses EBITDAS to monitor the performance of ClearStream’s reportable 

segments and believes that in addition to net income or loss and cash provided by operating activities, EBITDAS is a useful supplemental measure from which to 

determine ClearStream’s ability to generate cash available for debt service, working capital, capital expenditures and income taxes. ClearStream has provided a 

reconciliation of income (loss) from continuing operations to EBITDAS in this MD&A.  

Adjusted EBITDAS refers to EBITDAS excluding the gain on sale of assets held for sale, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, restructuring costs, gain on 

sale  of  property  plant  and  equipment,  recovery  of  contingent  consideration  liability,  other  loss,  one  time  incurred  expenses,  impairment  of  right-of-use  assets, 

bargain purchase gain, gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets, and government subsidies. ClearStream has used Adjusted EBITDAS as the basis for the 

analysis of its past operating financial performance. Adjusted EBITDAS is used by ClearStream and management believes it is a useful supplemental measure 

from  which  to  determine  ClearStream’s  ability  to  generate  cash  available  for  debt  service,  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  and  income  taxes.  Adjusted 

EBITDAS  is  a  measure  that  management  believes  facilitates  the  comparability  of  the  results  of  historical  periods  and  the  analysis  of  its  operating  financial 

performance which may be useful to investors. ClearStream has provided a reconciliation of income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted EBITDAS in this 

MD&A.

Adjusted  EBITDAS  from  Operations  refers  to  Adjusted  EBITDAS  generated  from  the  Maintenance  and  Construction  Services  and  Wear  Technology  Overlay 

Services segments, before Adjusted EBITDAS used in the corporate segment. Management believes it is a useful measure for the users, because it provides the 

adjusted EBITDAS from operational segments only without taking into account corporate expenditures.

Investors are cautioned that the Non-Standard Measures are not alternatives to measures under IFRS and should not, on their own, be construed as an indicator 

of  performance  or  cash  flows,  a  measure  of  liquidity  or  as  a  measure  of  actual  return  on  the  shares. These  Non-Standard  Measures  should  only  be  used  with 

P	A	G	E			9

reference to ClearStream’s Interim Financial Statements and Annual Financial Statements available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or on ClearStream’s website at 

www.clearstreamenergy.ca.

P	A	G	E			10

2020 SUMMARY OF RESULTS – CONTINUING OPERATIONS ($000's)

For the year ended December 31,

Revenue

Cost of revenue

Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative expenses
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans recovery 
(expense) 

Amortization of intangible assets

Depreciation expense

Income from equity investment

Interest expense

Restructuring expense

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill

Impairment of right-of-use assets

Recovery of contingent consideration liability

Bargain purchase gain

Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Income tax recovery - current

Income tax recovery - deferred

Income from government subsidies

Income (loss) from continuing operations

Add:

Amortization of intangible assets

Depreciation expense
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans (recovery) 
expense

Interest expense

Income tax recovery - current

Income tax recovery - deferred

EBITDAS

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill

Restructuring expense

Income from government subsidies

One-time incurred expenses

Impairment of right-of-use assets

Recovery of contingent consideration liability

Bargain purchase gain

Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets
Adjusted EBITDAS

2020

2019

$ 

393,121  $ 

464,252 

(359,435)  

(413,856) 

33,686   

(23,986)  

50,396 

(26,240) 

1,127   

(1,824)  

(1,162) 

(1,023) 

(14,937)  

(13,867) 

1   

(19,028)  

(2,641)  

(5,000)  

—   

1,121   

—   

—   

154   

65   

1,210   

33,521   

3,469   

1,824   

14,937   

(1,127)  

19,028   

(65)  

(1,210)  

36,856   

(154)  

5,000   

2,641   

(33,521)  

823   

—   

(1,121)  

—   

—   

$ 

10,524  $ 

509 

(19,989) 

(8,361) 

— 

(1,680) 

623 

10,791 

127 

316 

— 

2,908 

— 

(6,652) 

1,023 

13,867 

1,162 

19,989 

— 

(2,908) 

26,481 

(316) 

— 

8,361 

— 

1,617 

1,680 

(623) 

(10,791) 

(127) 
26,282 

P	A	G	E			11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per share (dollars)
For the year ended December 31,
Basic & Diluted:
Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)

Selected Balance Sheet Accounts
As at December 31,
Total assets
ABL facility
Senior secured debentures
Other secured borrowings
Shareholders' deficit

2020 RESULTS

2020

2019

0.03  $ 

—  $ 

0.03  $ 

(0.06) 

0.02 

(0.04) 

2020

2019

215,607  $ 
40,626   
105,173   
17,703   
(19,942) $ 

257,573 
67,442 
96,955 
18,621 
(23,438) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Revenue  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $393,121  compared  to  $464,252  for  the  same  period  in 
2019,  a  decrease  of  15.3%.  The  decrease  in  2020,  in  comparison  to  2019,  was  driven  by  overall  reduced 
customer spending and the postponement of a portion of scheduled maintenance and turnaround activities as a 
result of macro-economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross  profit  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $33,686  compared  to  $50,396  for  the  same  period  in 
2019, a decrease of 33.2%. Gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2020 was 8.6% compared to 
10.9% for the same period in 2019. The decrease in 2020, in comparison to 2019, was due to a reduction in both 
the total volume and the volume of higher margin work in the Wear Technology Overlay Services segment where 
certain fixed costs are required to operate the facilities in addition to downward pressure on margins by customers 
in  response  to  market  uncertainty. As  it  became  clear  that  the  COVID-19  outbreak  and  other  market  conditions 
were  going  to  have  longer  term  impacts  on  our  activity  levels  and  margins  across  the  whole  business,  we  took 
immediate steps to adjust our cost structures. During the third quarter, we closed ClearStream Wear's locations in 
Nisku and Edmonton and consolidated all operations into the Sherwood Park location. By eliminating these two 
facilities,  we  have  significantly  improved  production  flexibility  and  reduced  the  fixed  costs  associated  with 
ClearStream Wear's operations. 

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $23,986, in 
comparison to $26,240 in 2019, a decrease of 8.6%. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses for the year 
ended  December  31,  2020  were  6.1%  compared  to  5.7%  in  2019.  The  increase  in  SG&A  expenses  as  a 
percentage  of  revenue  was  due  to  the  decline  in  revenue  resulting  from  macro-economic  uncertainty  and  the 
economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the market uncertainty, we continued to right size our SG&A 
cost structures compared to the prior year as shown by the decrease in total SG&A expenses in 2020 compared 
to the same period 2019.

Non-cash items that impacted the 2020 results were depreciation, amortization, and the recovery of share-based 
compensation  and  other  long-term  incentive  plans.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  depreciation  and 
amortization expense were $16,761 compared to $14,890 in 2019. The increase in depreciation and amortization 
expense was due to the increase in asset values as a result of the acquisition of certain assets of the production 
services  division  of AECOM  Production  Services  Ltd.  (the  "AECOM  PSD  Business")  as  well  as  additional  2020 
capital expenditures. Recovery of the share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans for the year 
ended December 31, 2020 of $1,127, in comparison to an expense of $1,162 in 2019, represents the change in 
the net present value of future cash payments as no payout is expected under the Cumulative Value Creation Unit 
Plan.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  interest  expenses  were  $19,028  compared  to  $19,989  in  2019,  a 
decrease  of  4.8%.  The  decrease  was  due  to  a  reduction  in  amounts  recognized  under  lease  liabilities  and 

P	A	G	E			12

 
 
 
deferred financing charges partially offset by an increase in interest on the ABL facility due to term loan advances 
made in Q2 and Q3 of 2019  in comparison to the full year's term loan interest impact in 2020. 

Restructuring expenses of $2,641 were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $8,361 
in 2019. The non-recurring restructuring expenses in 2020 were related to cost reduction initiatives in response to 
changing market conditions. The non-recurring restructuring expenses in 2019 were related to the acquisition of 
the AECOM PSD Business as well as termination benefits.

Impairment  of  $5,000  was  recorded  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  as  a  result  of  the  identification  of 
indicators  of  impairment  at  March  31,  2020  related  to  the  forecasted  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  which 
has decreased global demand for oil and gas and resulted in a reduction in the long-term outlook for commodity 
prices.  Management therefore performed impairment tests as at March 31, 2020 for the Wear and UWO cash-
generating units (“CGUs”), both of which are within the Wear Technology Overlay Services segment. This testing 
resulted  in  an  impairment  of  the  UWO  CGU  of  $5,000  in  the  twelve  months  ended  December  31,  2020.  No 
impairment was required for the Wear CGU.

Income from government subsidies represents the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy ("CEWS") and the Canada 
Emergency  Rent  Subsidy  ("CERS")  received  from  the  Government  of  Canada  to  assist  with  the  payment  of 
employee  wages  and  rent  as  a  result  of  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  During  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, the Company qualified for both CEWS and CERS and recorded total grants of $33,521 in the 
Consolidated Interim Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). 

Income  from  continuing  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $3,469  compared  to  a  loss  of 
$6,652  in  2019.  The  income  variance  was  driven  by  the  government  subsidies  received,  the  recovery  of  the 
share-based  compensation  and  other  long-term  incentive  plans,  and  the  recovery  of  contingent  consideration 
liability  offset  by  the  goodwill  impairment  loss  and  decrease  to  gross  profit  for  the  2020  period  as  well  as  the 
bargain purchase gain in 2019.

The gain from discontinued operations was $27 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to a gain of 
$1,940  for  the  same  period  in  2019.  The  gain  from  discontinued  operations  in  2020  was  due  to  a  settlement 
relating to Quantum Murray offset by associated legal fees. The gain from discontinued operations in 2019 was 
due to the Company's share of an income tax reassessment won by Brompton, offset by expenses relating to the 
sale  of  businesses  prior  to  March  2018.  The  Company  continues  to  incur  expenses  relating  to  the  sale  of 
businesses that it owned prior to March 2018. These expenses consist largely of legal costs relating to Quantum 
Murray and legal proceedings that existed prior to the sale of the business.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, Adjusted  EBITDAS  was  $10,524  compared  to  $26,282  in  2019. As  a 
percentage of revenue, Adjusted EBITDAS was 2.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 5.7% 
for  the  same  period  in  2019.  Adjusted  EBITDAS  as  a  percentage  of  revenue  decreased  due  to  gross  profit 
decreases  in  both  the  Maintenance  and  Construction  Services  segment  and  the  Wear  Technology  Overlay 
Services segment.

P	A	G	E			13

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

For the year ended December 31,
Revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation expense
Income from equity investments
Interest expense
Restructuring expense
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
Income from government subsidies
Income from continuing operations
Add:
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation expense
Interest expense
EBITDAS
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
Restructuring expense
Income from government subsidies
One-time incurred expenses
Adjusted EBITDAS

Revenues

2020

2019

$ 

$ 

361,816  $ 
(333,776)  
28,040   
(671)  
(261)  
(8,888)  
1   
(1,273)  
(501)  
615   
29,078   
46,140   

261   
8,888   
1,273   
56,562   
(615)  
501   
(29,078)  
386   
27,756  $ 

407,119 
(375,051) 
32,068 
(1,010) 
(142) 
(7,700) 
509 
(1,597) 
(859) 
316 
— 
21,585 

142 
7,700 
1,597 
31,024 
(316) 
859 
— 
— 
31,567 

Revenues for the Maintenance and Construction Services segment were $361,816 for the year ended December 
31, 2020 compared to $407,119 for the same period in 2019, which reflects a decrease of 11.1%. The decrease in 
2020  was  due  to  customers  continuing  to  reduce  spending  and  postponing  a  portion  of  their  scheduled 
maintenance  and  turnaround  activities. These  postponements  are  a  result  of  volatility  in  crude  oil  prices  due  to 
macro-economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross Profit

Gross  profit  was  $28,040  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  compared  to  $32,068  for  the  same  period  in 
2019, a decrease of 12.6%. Gross profit margin was 7.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 
7.9% for the same period in 2019. The decrease in gross profit margin was due to lower than anticipated volumes 
from our maintenance and turnaround business relative to indirect costs to manage this business as well as the 
downward market pressure on margins by our customers.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A  expenses  for  the  Maintenance  and  Construction  Services  segment  were  $671  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2020,  compared  to  $1,010  for  the  same  period  in  2019,  a  decrease  of  33.6%.  The  decrease  in 
SG&A expenses were primarily due to the impact of our cost mitigation initiatives in response to lower volumes 
from market uncertainty.

P	A	G	E			14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WEAR TECHNOLOGY OVERLAY SERVICES

For the year ended December 31,
Revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation expense
Interest and foreign exchange expense
Restructuring expense
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill
Impairment of right-of-use assets
Recovery of contingent consideration liability
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
Income from government subsidies
(Loss) income from continuing operations
Add:
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation expense
Interest expense
EBITDAS
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill
Restructuring expense
Income from government subsidies
One time incurred expenses
Impairment of right-of-use assets
Recovery of contingent consideration liability
Adjusted EBITDAS

Revenues

2020

2019

$ 

$ 

33,406  $ 
(27,760)  
5,646   
(544)  
(1,563)  
(3,410)  
(374)  
(41)  
(5,000)  
—   
—   
(359)  
2,484   
(3,161)  

1,563   
3,410   
374   
2,186   
359   
5,000   
41   
(2,484)  
379   
—   
—   
5,481  $ 

61,026 
(42,699) 
18,327 
(585) 
(881) 
(4,003) 
(590) 
(1,379) 
— 
(1,680) 
623 
— 
— 
9,832 

881 
4,003 
590 
15,306 
— 
— 
1,379 
— 
— 
1,680 
(623) 
17,742 

Revenues for this segment for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $33,406, compared to $61,026 for the 
same  period  in  2019,  a  decrease  of  45.3%.  The  decrease  in  2020  was  largely  due  to  activity  levels  for  weld 
technology  overlay  services  remaining  well  below  historical  levels  as  customers  scaled  back  their  production 
output and decreased spending on consumables in response to weak oil prices. A further decrease in revenue for 
the period is due to the loss of revenue generated by some fabrication facilities that were closed in mid-2019. 

Gross Profit

Gross  profit  was  $5,646  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  compared  to  $18,327  for  the  same  period  in 
2019, a decrease of 69.2%. Gross profit margins were 16.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 
30% for the same period in 2019. The decrease in gross profit margin was due to increased competition, a higher 
proportion  of  lower  margin  work  in  our  facilities,  and  the  overall  decline  in  volumes  with  certain  fixed  costs 
remaining steady. As it became clear that the COVID-19 outbreak and other market conditions were going to have 
longer term impacts on our activity levels and margins, we took immediate steps to adjust our cost structure and 
optimize  our  overlay  manufacturing  footprint  by  consolidating  all  operations  into  our  facility  in  Sherwood  Park 
resulting in the closure of the facilities in Edmonton and Nisku during the third quarter of 2020.

P	A	G	E			15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses for the Wear Technology Overlay Services segment were $544 for the year ended December 31, 
2020, compared to $585 for the same period in 2019.

CORPORATE

ClearStream’s head office functions are located in Calgary, Alberta. The Corporate segment provides typical head 
office functions, including strategic planning, corporate communications, taxes, legal, marketing, finance, human 
resources  and  information  technology,  for  the  entire  organization.  The  tables  below  reflect  the  costs  of 
ClearStream’s corporate function, as well as other corporate overhead expenses. 

For the year ended December 31,
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans recovery 
(expense)
Depreciation expense
Interest expense
Restructuring expense
Recovery of contingent consideration liability
Bargain purchase gain
Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
Income tax recovery - current
Income tax recovery - deferred
Income from government subsidies
Loss from continuing operations
Add:
Depreciation expense
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans (recovery) 
expense
Interest expense
Income tax recovery - current
Income tax recovery - deferred
EBITDAS
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
Restructuring expense
Income from government subsidies
One-time incurred expenses
Recovery of contingent consideration liability
Bargain purchase gain
Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets
Adjusted EBITDAS

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

2020

2019

$ 

(22,771) $ 

(24,645) 

1,127   
(2,639)  
(17,381)  
(2,099)  
1,121   
—   
—   
(102)  
65   
1,210   
1,959   
(39,510)  

(1,162) 
(2,164) 
(17,802) 
(6,124) 
— 
10,791 
127 
— 
— 
2,908 
— 
(38,071) 

2,639   

2,164 

(1,127)  
17,381   
(65)  
(1,210)  
(21,892)  
102   
2,099   
(1,959)  
58   
(1,121)  
—   
—   

$ 

(22,713) $ 

1,162 
17,802 
— 
(2,908) 
(19,851) 
— 
6,124 
— 
1,617 
— 
(10,791) 
(127) 
(23,028) 

SG&A expenses were $22,771 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $24,645 for the same period 
in  2019.  SG&A  expenses  as  a  percentage  of  revenue  were  5.8%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020 
compared to 5.3% for the same period in 2019. This increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue in 
2020 was due to the decline in revenue resulting from macro-economic uncertainty and the economic impact of 
the COVID-19 pandemic. As it became clear that the COVID-19 outbreak and other market conditions were going 
to  have  longer  term  impacts  on  our  activity  levels  and  margins,  we  took  immediate  steps  to  adjust  our  cost 
structure as shown by the decrease in total SG&A expenses in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. 

P	A	G	E			16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FOURTH QUARTER 2020 RESULTS

For three months ended December 31,

Revenue

Cost of revenue

Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative expenses
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans recovery 
(expense) 

Amortization of intangible assets

Depreciation expense

(Expense) income from equity investment

Interest expense

Restructuring expense

Recovery of contingent consideration liability

Bargain purchase loss

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Income tax recovery (expense) - deferred

Income from government subsidies

Income (loss) from continuing operations

Add:

Amortization of intangible assets

Depreciation expense
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans (recovery) 
expense

Interest expense

Income tax (recovery) expense - deferred

EBITDAS

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Restructuring expense

Income from government subsidies

One-time incurred expenses

Recovery of contingent consideration liability

Bargain purchase loss

Adjusted EBITDAS

2020

2019

$ 

84,530 

$  137,066 

(76,158) 

(122,198) 

8,372 

(7,923) 

18 

(495) 

(3,791) 

(127) 

(5,630) 

(1,153) 

1,121 

— 

112 

1,210 

10,040 

1,754 

495 

3,791 

(18) 

5,630 

(1,210) 

10,442 

(112) 

1,153 

(10,040) 

155 

(1,121) 

— 

$ 

477 

$ 

14,868 

(9,912) 

(1,098) 

(313) 

(3,974) 

413 

(6,060) 

(2,829) 

623 

(1,481) 

69 

(755) 

— 

(10,449) 

313 

3,974 

1,098 

6,060 

755 

1,751 

(69) 

2,829 

— 

— 

(623) 

1,481 

5,369 

FOURTH QUARTER 2020 RESULTS COMMENTARY

Revenues  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2020  were  $84,530  compared  to  $137,066  for  the  same 
period  in  2019,  a  decrease  of  38.3%  on  a  year-over-year  basis.  This  decrease  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2020 in comparison to the same period in 2019, was driven by overall reduced customer spending  
as a result of the volatility in crude oil prices due to macro-economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the 
COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross  profit  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $8,372  compared  to  $14,868  for  the  same 
period in 2019. Gross margins were 9.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2020 compared to 10.8% in 
the same period in 2019. The decrease in gross margin in 2020 was due to a reduction in both the total volume 

P	A	G	E			17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and  the  volume  of  higher  margin  work  in  the  Wear  Technology  Overlay  Services  segment  where  certain  fixed 
costs are required to operate the facilities in addition to downward pressure on margins by customers in response 
to market uncertainty. As it became clear that the COVID-19 outbreak and other market conditions were going to 
have longer term impacts on our activity levels and margins across the whole business, we took immediate steps 
to  adjust  our  cost  structure  as  shown  by  the  gross  margin  increasing  to  9.9%  for  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2020 from 8.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

SG&A expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2020 were $7,923 compared to $9,912 for the same 
period  in  2019. As  a  percentage  of  revenue,  SG&A  expenses  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2020 
were  9.4%  compared  to  7.2%  for  the  same  period  in  2019  due  to  the  decline  in  revenue  resulting  from  macro-
economic uncertainty and the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ADJUSTED EBITDAS

Three months ended 
December 31,

Twelve months ended 
December 31,

2020

2019

2020

2019

Maintenance and Construction Services

$ 

6,992  $ 

10,382  $ 

27,756  $ 

Wear Technology Overlay Services

Adjusted EBITDAS from operations

Corporate

Adjusted EBITDAS

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

For the year ended December 31,

Gain from discontinued operations

1,150   

8,142   

(7,665)  

4,544   

14,926   

(9,557)  

5,481   

33,237   

31,567 

17,742 

49,309 

(22,713)  

(23,028) 

$ 

477  $ 

5,369  $ 

10,524  $ 

26,282 

2020

2019

$ 

27  $ 

1,940 

The  gain  from  discontinued  operations  in  2020  was  due  to  a  settlement  relating  to  Quantum  Murray  offset  by 
associated  legal  fees.  The  gain  from  discontinued  operations  in  2019  was  due  to  the  Company's  share  of  an 
income tax reassessment won by Brompton, offset by expenses relating to the sale of businesses prior to March 
2018. The Company continues to incur expenses relating to the sale of businesses that it owned prior to March 
2018.  These  expenses  consist  largely  of  legal  costs  relating  to  Quantum  Murray  and  legal  proceedings  that 
existed prior to the sale of the business.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

For the year ended December 31,
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Cash used in investing activities
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Consolidated cash, end of period

2020

2019

$ 

$ 

60,025  $ 
(948)  
(35,709)  
30,477  $ 

(20,171) 
(57,974) 
74,416 
7,109 

The Company’s liquidity and cash flow provided by operations has been driven by a release of working capital as 
revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 declined in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2019. 
This  was  further  impacted  by  internal  billing  efficiencies  realized  in  2020  and  the  receipt  of  the  Canada 
Emergency Wage Subsidy and the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy.

The  Company  anticipates  that  its  liquidity  (cash  on  hand  and  available  credit  facilities)  and  cash  flow  from 
operations  will  be  sufficient  to  meet  its  short-term  contractual  obligations  and  to  maintain  compliance  with  its 
financial covenants through December 31, 2021.  

P	A	G	E			18

 
 
 
 
 
Investing Activities

Cash  outflows  related  to  investment  activities  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  consisted  of  the 
purchase of assets and an installment payment towards the outstanding deferred consideration liability related to 
the acquisition of Universal Weld Overlays Inc., offset partially by proceeds from the disposal of certain assets as 
well as proceeds from equity investments.

Financing Activities

a. ABL Facility

ClearStream  has  an  asset-based  lending  facility  (the  “ABL  Facility”)  comprised  of  (i)  a  revolving  credit  facility 
providing for maximum borrowings that range from $50,000 to $65,000 depending on the period (the “Revolving 
Facility”) with a syndicate of banks (the "Lenders") and (ii) a term loan facility providing for maximum borrowings 
of  up  to  $40,500  (the  “Term  Loan  Facility”)  with  Canso  Investment  Counsel  Ltd.,  in  its  capacity  as  portfolio 
manager for and on behalf of certain accounts that it manages (“Canso”).

The  ABL  Facility  provides  for  maximum  borrowings  under  the  Revolving  Facility  of  $65,000  during  the  period 
commencing March 1, 2020 and ending September 30, 2020, $60,000 during the period commencing October 1, 
2020 and ending December 31, 2020, and $50,000 during the period commencing January 1, 2021 and ending on 
the maturity date of the Revolving Facility. The Revolving Facility matures on March 23, 2021 and the Term Loan 
Facility matures 180 days thereafter.

The  amount  available  under  the  Revolving  Facility  will  vary  from  time  to  time  based  on  the  borrowing  base 
determined with reference to the accounts receivable of the Company. The Revolving Facility borrowing base as 
at December 31, 2020 was $49,054 (December 31, 2019 - $50,000). The obligations under the ABL Facility are 
secured by, among other things, a first ranking lien on all of the existing and after acquired accounts receivable 
and  inventories  of  the  Company  and  the  other  guarantors,  being  certain  of  the  Company's  direct  and  indirect 
subsidiaries. The interest rate on the Revolving Facility is prime plus 2.5%, increasing to prime plus 4.0% if the 
Revolving Facility is more than 50% drawn.

As  at  December  31,  2020,  nil  (December  31,  2019  -  $27,825)  was  drawn  on  the  Revolving  Facility,  and  there 
were $3,125 (December 31, 2019 - $2,930) of letters of credit reducing the amount available to be drawn. As at 
December  31,  2020,  the  net  unamortized  amount  of  deferred  financing  costs  was  $113  (December  31,  2019  - 
$883).

At December 31, 2020, $40,500 (December 31, 2019 - $40,500) was outstanding under the Term Loan Facility. 
The  Term  Loan  Facility  is  required  to  be  used  for  specific  purposes  and  cannot  be  redrawn  once  repaid.  The 
interest rate on the Term Loan Facility is equal to the interest rate on the Revolving Facility plus 2.0%.

The financial covenants applicable under the ABL Facility are as follows:

•

•

The  Company  must  maintain  a  fixed  charge  coverage  ratio  equal  to  or  greater  than  1.00:1.00  for  each 
twelve  month  period  calculated  and  tested  as  of  the  last  day  of  each  fiscal  quarter  (commencing 
March 31, 2020); and

The Company must not expend or become obligated for any capital expenditures in an aggregate amount 
exceeding $6,600 during the period commencing January 1, 2020 and ending December 31, 2020, and 
any fiscal year thereafter.

At December 31, 2020, ClearStream was in compliance with all financial covenants under the ABL Facility.

On  March  3,  2021,  the  Company  received  confirmation  from  the  lead  lender  under  the ABL  Facility  that  it  had 
agreed to extend the maturity date of the Revolving Facility to March 23, 2022. The Company and the lead lender 
under  the ABL  Facility  are  preparing  an  amending  agreement  to  effect  the  extension  of  the  maturity  date  and 
certain  other  amendments.  Due  to  the  Company's  current  cash  position,  it  was  able  to  reduce  the  maximum 
borrowings available under the Revolving Facility to $15,000 effective March 23, 2021.

P	A	G	E			19

b. Other Secured Borrowings

On June 26, 2019, the Company received $19,000 from two secured loans with the Business Development Bank 
of  Canada  (“BDC”)  as  a  partial  source  of  funds  for  the  acquisition  of  certain  assets  of  the  production  services 
division of AECOM Production Services Ltd. (the "AECOM PSD Business").

The  $13,500  loan  is  repayable  over  300  monthly  payments  of  $45.  The  interest  rate  on  the  loan  is  the  BDC 
Floating Base Rate less 1.0%. Interest accrues and is payable monthly. The Company allocated $195 in deferred 
financing costs to this loan that will be amortized over the life of the loan.

The $5,500 loan is repayable over 72 monthly payments of $76. The interest rate on the loan is the BDC Floating 
Base Rate less 0.5%. Interest accrues and is payable monthly. The Company allocated $85 in deferred financing 
costs to this loan that will be amortized over the life of the loan. 

The  loans  are  secured  by  a  first  security  interest  on  the  real  property  and  equipment  acquired  through  the 
acquisition of the AECOM PSD Business and a security interest in all other present and future property, subject to 
the  priorities  granted  to  existing  lenders  under  the  ABL  Facility,  senior  secured  debentures  and  other  existing 
commitments. 

The loans require the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio equal to or greater than 1.10:1.00 on 
annual basis.

On March 30, 2020, the Company signed an agreement with BDC to postpone effective May 1, 2020 all principal 
payments on the loans for a period of six months with the postponed payments being added to the end of loan 
term.  As a result, the final payment on the $13,500 loan will occur on September 2, 2045 and the final payment 
on the $5,500 loan will occur on September 28, 2025.

On May 13, 2020, the Company signed an agreement with BDC to postpone all interest payments on the loans for 
a period of six months with the amount of the deferred interest being payable at the end of the deferral period in 
twelve equal consecutive monthly installments.

At December 31, 2020, ClearStream was in compliance with all financial covenants under the loan agreements 
with BDC.

c. Senior Secured Debentures

On  March  23,  2016,  the  Company  issued  8.00%  senior  secured  debentures  due  March  23,  2026  (the  "Senior 
Secured Debentures") pursuant to a trust indenture between ClearStream, as issuer, and BNY Trust Company of 
Canada,  as  debenture  trustee,  as  amended  and  supplemented  (the  "Senior  Secured  Indenture"),  on  a  private 
placement  basis  to  Canso.  On  June  2,  2020,  the  debenture  trustee  was  changed  to  Computershare  Trust 
Company of Canada.

The  Senior  Secured  Debentures  bear  interest  at  an  annual  rate  of  8.00%  payable  semi‑annually  in  arrears  on 
June 30 and December 31 in each year. The maturity date of the Senior Secured Debentures is March 23, 2026. 
The Senior Secured Debentures are redeemable at the option of the Company and, in certain circumstances, are 
mandatorily  redeemable.  The  Senior  Secured  Debentures  are  secured  by  first‑ranking  liens  over  all  of  the 
property of the Company and its guarantor subsidiaries, other than certain limited classes of collateral over which 
the  Company  has  granted  a  prior‑ranking  lien  in  favour  of  the  ABL  Facility  and  the  BDC  Facility.  The  Senior 
Secured Debentures provide for certain events of default and covenants of the Company, including financial and 
reporting  covenants  and  restrictive  covenants  limiting  the  ability  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  to  make 
certain distributions and dispositions, incur indebtedness, grant liens and limitations with respect to acquisitions, 
mergers,  investments,  non‑arm’s  length  transactions,  reorganizations  and  hedging  arrangements  (subject  to 
certain exceptions).

In  June,  2020,  Canso  agreed  to  accept  the  issuance  of  an  additional  3,956  Senior  Secured  Debentures  on 
June 30, 2020 and 4,114 Senior Secured Debentures on December 31, 2020 at a principal amount of $1,000 per 
Senior Secured Debenture in order to satisfy the interest that would otherwise become due and payable on such 
dates (the “Payment in Kind Transactions”). The terms of the new Senior Secured Debentures issued pursuant to 
the  Payment  in  Kind  Transactions  were  the  same  as  the  existing  Senior  Secured  Debentures  in  all  material 

P	A	G	E			20

respects.  In connection with the Payment in Kind Transactions, the Company entered into the Fifth Supplemental 
Senior Secured Indenture on June 2, 2020.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The table below summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2020, on an undiscounted 
basis:

Total

 Less than 
One Year 

 One to Five 
Years 

After Five 
Years

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

$ 

34,614  $ 

34,614  $ 

—  $ 

Deferred consideration

Earn-out contingent liability

ABL facility

Lease liabilities

Other secured borrowings

Senior secured debentures

Total

866   

250   

40,626   

45,129   

17,905   

106,997   

433   

—   

40,626   

10,090   

1,457   

—   

433   

250   

—   

— 

— 

— 

— 

26,792   

5,784   

8,247 

10,665 

—   

106,997 

$ 

246,386  $ 

87,219  $ 

33,259  $ 

125,908 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

ClearStream  prepares  its  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS.    The  preparation  of  the 
consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and 
assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities,  disclosures  of  contingent  assets  and 
liabilities,  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  for  the  period  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.  Based  on  the  current  environment,  significant  market  uncertainty  exists  that  could  impact  the 
estimates  and  assumptions  made  by  the  ClearStream.  Significant  accounting  policies  and  methods  used  in  the 
preparation of the consolidated financial statements, including use of estimates and judgments, are described in 
note 1 of the consolidated financial statements.

CONTINGENCIES 

Contingencies  are  provided  for  when  they  are  likely  to  occur  and  can  be  reasonably  estimated.  ClearStream  is 
subject  to  claims  and  litigation  proceedings  arising  in  the  normal  course  of  operations.  The  known  claims  and 
litigation proceedings are not expected to materially affect the Company's financial position or reported results of 
operations.

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

($000s except unit amounts)

2020
Q4

2020
Q3

2020
Q2

2020
Q1

2019
Q4

2019
Q3

2019
Q2

2019
Q1

Revenue

$84,530 $100,755 $81,037 $126,799 $137,066 $139,542 $103,690 $83,954

Gross Profit Margin

$8,372

$9,965

$6,030

$9,319

$14,864 $15,831 $11,277

$8,424

Gross Profit Margin %
Net income (loss) from 
continuing operations

Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) per share 
from continuing operations

Net income (loss) per share

9.9%

9.9%

7.4%

7.3%

10.8% 11.3% 10.9% 10.0%

$1,754

$9,684

$1,303

$(9,272) $(10,449)

$1,722

$9,832

$1,299

$(9,357) $(10,536)

$0.02

$0.02

$0.09

$0.09

$0.01

$0.01

$(0.08)

$(0.09)

$(0.09)

$(0.10)

$928

$619

$0.01

$0.01

$7,091

$(4,222)

$6,785

$(1,580)

$0.06

$0.06

$(0.04)

$(0.01)

P	A	G	E			21

 
 
 
 
 
 
ClearStream’s  revenues  are  somewhat  seasonal,  in  particular  for  the  Maintenance  and  Construction  Services 
segment.  Typically,  there  are  scheduled  shutdown  turnaround  projects  in  the  spring  and  fall  which  increase 
revenues  over  and  above  the  standard  maintenance  and  operational  support  services.  In  2020,  this  trend  was 
disrupted  due  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  causing  the  postponement  of  scheduled  spring  shutdown  turnaround 
projects.

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES 

As  at  December  31,  2020,  directors,  officers  and  key  employees  beneficially  held  an  aggregate  of 
11,868,442 common shares or 10.79% of the issued and outstanding common shares. 

SHARE CAPITAL 

The  authorized  share  capital  of  the  Company  consists  of:  (i)  an  unlimited  number  of  common  shares,  and 
(ii) preferred shares issuable in series to be limited in number to an amount equal to not more than one half of the 
issued and outstanding common shares at the time of issuance of such preferred shares. 

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  Company's  issued  and  outstanding  share  capital  included  109,992,668  common 
shares, 127,735 Series 1 preferred shares, and 40,111 Series 2 preferred shares.

(in thousands, except number of shares and per share 
amounts)

Preferred 
Shares
Series I

Preferred 
Shares
Series II

Common Shares

Balance as at January 1, 2019

127,753

—

109,941,241

Issued

Converted to Common shares

Balance as at December 31, 2019

Balance as at December 31, 2020

—

(18)

127,735

127,735

40,111

—

40,111

40,111

—

51,427

109,992,668

109,992,668

As at December 31, 2020, the accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series I and Series II preferred shares totaled 
$43,102 (2019 - $26,300).  Assuming that the holders of the preferred shares exercise the right to convert such 
accrued  and  unpaid  dividends  into  additional  preferred  shares  and  then  convert  such  preferred  shares  into 
common  shares,  approximately  166,463,401  (2019  -  89,851,880)  common  shares  would  be  issued,  which 
represents approximately 151% (2019 - 82%) of the common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020.

OUTLOOK 

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact both the local and global economy.  The public 
health measures to limit the spread of the virus, including business restrictions, travel restrictions, border closures, 
quarantines  and  social  distancing,  will  remain  in  place  for  the  near-term  to  allow  for  the  global  distribution  of 
vaccines for COVID-19.  As the rate of vaccinations increases, we expect that governments will start to re-open 
their economies.

With  the  recovery  in  world  oil  prices,  we  expect  that  our  customers  who  are  involved  in  the  energy  sector  will 
realize  higher  cash  flows,  begin  to  increase  their  spending  and  address  maintenance  projects  that  have  been 
deferred.    We  expect  that  activity  levels  will  recover  in  the  second  half  of  2021  as  customers  prioritize  asset 
management and integrity services to increase operational reliability.

With energy transition and environmental considerations becoming increasingly important for all stakeholders in 
the energy sector, our customers will focus on improving their operational processes for greater efficiencies and 
reliability. 

To better support our customers, ClearStream has continued to add new service offerings that encompass the full 
asset  lifecycle  and  is  now  offering  a  suite  of  more  than  40  services.  Through  the  extensive  regional  coverage 
provided  by  our  15  operating  facilities,  we  believe  that  ClearStream  is  well-positioned  to  consolidate  further 
multiple  services  required  at  various  operating  sites  while  generating  efficiencies  and  cost  reductions  for  its 
customers. 

P	A	G	E			22

ClearStream's  business  model  continues  to  prove  its  resilience  as  we  are  working  closely  with  our  customers 
every day in managing their operations. 

RISK FACTORS 

An  investment  in  the  common  shares  of  ClearStream  involves  a  number  of  risks.  In  addition  to  the  other 
information contained in this MD&A and ClearStream’s other publicly-filed disclosure documents, investors should 
give careful consideration to the following factors, which are qualified in their entirety by reference to, and must be 
read  in  conjunction  with,  the  detailed  information  appearing  elsewhere  in  this  MD&A.  Any  of  the  matters 
highlighted  in  these  risk  factors  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  ClearStream’s  results  of  operations, 
business prospects or financial condition. The risks described below and referenced elsewhere in this MD&A are 
not  exhaustive. The  Company  operates  in  a  very  competitive  and  ever-changing  environment.  New  risk  factors 
emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess 
the impact of all such risk factors on the Company’s business.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

The  outbreak  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  its  impact  on  the  global  economy  (including  a  material 
reduction  in  the  demand  for  petroleum  products)  has  impacted  the  Company’s  plans  and  activities  by 
reducing  the  demand  for  its  services  and  its  gross  profit  margins.   There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the 
Company will not continue to be impacted by adverse consequences that may be brought about by the 
COVID-19 pandemic.  See "COVID-19 Pandemic" below.

Failure to comply with the covenants in the agreements governing the Company’s debt could adversely 
affect the Company’s financial condition.

The  Company’s  credit  facilities  may  not  provide  sufficient  liquidity  and  a  failure  to  renew  the  credit 
facilities could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition.

The Company’s access to capital or borrowing to maintain operations and/or finance future development 
and acquisitions may become restricted.

The Company’s growth potential is restricted by the use of the majority of its cash flow to service debt.

Common  Shares  issuable  on  conversion  of  Series  1  or  Series  2  preferred  shares,  substantially  all  of 
which are held by Canso Investment Counsel Ltd., in its capacity as portfolio manager for and on behalf 
of certain accounts that it manages, could result in the holders of the Common Shares being substantially 
diluted  and  Canso  being  in  a  position  to  unilaterally  elect  the  directors  of  the  Company  should  it  so 
choose.

The  Company’s  business  depends  on  the  oil  and  natural  gas  industry  and  particularly  on  the  level  of 
exploration, development and production for North American oil and natural gas, which is volatile.

The  Company  relies  on  certain  key  personnel  whose  absence  or  loss  could  disrupt  its  operations  and 
have a material adverse effect on its business.  

The Company’s financial performance depends on its performance under agreements with its customers 
and its ability to renew customer contracts and attract new business.

The  Company  is  subject  to  risk  of  default  by  counterparties  to  its  contracts,  and  its  counterparties  may 
deem the Company to be a default risk.

Failure to maintain the Company’s safety standards and record could lead to a decline in the demand for 
its services.

Difficulty  in  retaining,  replacing  or  adding  personnel  could  adversely  affect  the  Company’s  business.   A 
portion  of  the  Company’s  employees  are  unionized,  and  accordingly  the  Company  is  subject  to  the 
detrimental effects of a strike or other labour action, in addition to competitive cost factors.

The Company is subject to a number of federal, provincial and regional health, safety and environmental 
laws and regulations that may require it to make substantial expenditures or cause it to incur substantial 

P	A	G	E			23

liabilities.    Changes  in  legislation  and  regulations  that  affect  the  Company’s  customers,  or  failure  of 
customers  to  comply  with  such  regulations,  could  adversely  affect  demand  for  the  Company’s  services 
and the Company’s financial performance.

The  Company’s  industry  is  intensely  competitive.    The  Company’s  reputation  relative  to  its  competition 
significantly affects the Company’s long-term success and financial performance.

The Company has direct and indirect exposure to credit market volatility resulting from negative investor 
sentiment about the development and regulation of energy production.

The  Company  is  directly  and  indirectly  subject  to  the  influence  of  public  perception  on  the  regulatory 
regime governing resource development.

The  Company  is  susceptible  to  seasonal  volatility  in  its  operating  and  financial  results  due  to  adverse 
weather conditions.

The Company’s reliance on equipment and parts suppliers exposes it to risks, including timing of delivery 
and quality of parts and equipment.

The Company is subject to a number of additional business risks, which could adversely affect its ability 
to complete projects and service contracts on time and on budget.

The direct and indirect restrictions and costs of various environmental laws and regulations, existing and 
proposed, may adversely affect the Company’s business, operations and financial results.

The Company may participate in large contracts with a small number of customers, thus increasing the 
risk of economic dependence and concentration of credit.  The Company’s customer base is concentrated 
and loss of a significant customer could cause the Company’s revenue to decline substantially.

The  Company’s  performance  is  sensitive  to  impacts  of  localized  factors  and  trends  that  are  specific  to 
Alberta and British Columbia because a large percentage of the Company’s revenues originate in those 
provinces.

Since a significant portion of the Company’s work is in the oil sands sector, the Company’s performance is 
sensitive to factors affecting the oil sands sector, including temporary or permanent shutdown of projects 
due to downturns in oil and gas prices, natural disasters, mechanical breakdowns, technology failures or 
pressure from environmental activism.

ClearStream may not be able to convert its backlog into revenue and cannot guarantee that the revenues 
projected in its backlog will be realized or, if realized, will result in profits.

The  Company’s  current  technology  may  become  obsolete  or  experience  a  decrease  in  demand. To  the 
extent  that  ClearStream  does  not  keep  up  with  changes  in  technology,  demand  for  its  services  may  be 
hindered.

The  Company’s  operations  are  subject  to  hazards  inherent  in  the  oilfield  services  industry,  which  risks 
may not be covered to the full extent by the Company’s insurance policies.

The  Company  is  and  may  become  subject  to  legal  proceedings,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse 
effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Conservation  measures  and  technological  advances  could  reduce  demand  for  oil  and  natural  gas, 
resulting in reduced demand for the Company’s services.

Business acquisitions involve numerous risks and the failure to realize anticipated benefits of acquisitions 
and dispositions could negatively affect the Company’s results of operations.

Public announcement of strategic transactions could be delayed.

Improper access to confidential information could adversely affect the Company’s business.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

P	A	G	E			24

•

•

•

•

•

Cyber  attacks  and  loss  of  the  Company’s  information  and  computer  systems  could  adversely  affect  the 
Company’s business.

Income  tax  laws,  regulations  or  administrative  practices  relating  to  the  Company  and  its  shareholders 
may  in  the  future  be  changed  or  interpreted  in  a  manner  that  adversely  affects  the  Company  or  its 
shareholders.

The Company's business is subject to changes in general economic conditions over which ClearStream 
has little or no control.

The trading activity and price of the Common Shares could be unpredictable and volatile.

The  Company  may  issue  additional  Common  Shares  or  securities  exchangeable  for  or  convertible  into 
Common Shares in the future, which could result in the dilution of the interests of the holders of Common 
Shares.

For additional information regarding the risks that the Company is exposed to, see the disclosure provided under 
the  heading  “Risk  Factors”  in  the  Company’s Annual  Information  Form  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, 
which is available on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy (including a material reduction in 
the demand for petroleum products) has impacted the Company’s plans and activities by reducing the demand for 
its  services  and  its  gross  profit  margins. The  Company  may  face  disruption  to  operations,  supply  chain  delays, 
travel and trade restrictions and the impact on economic activity can be difficult to quantify. Such pandemics or 
diseases represent a serious threat to maintaining a skilled workforce and could be a major healthcare challenge 
for the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company’s personnel will not be impacted by COVID-19 
and  ultimately  that  the  Company  would  see  its  workforce  productivity  reduced.  In  addition,  the  COVID-19 
pandemic has created a dramatic slowdown in both the global and local economy. The duration of the COVID-19 
pandemic and the resulting travel restrictions, social distancing, Government response actions, business closures 
and business disruptions, can all have an impact on the Company’s operations and access to capital.

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  not  continue  to  be  impacted  by  adverse  consequences  that 
may be brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, including an extended period of low commodity prices further 
reducing  the  demand  for  its  services  and  its  gross  profit  margins  which  in  turn  will  put  pressure  on  its  financial 
liquidity. 

The full extent of the risks surrounding the severity and timing of the COVID-19 pandemic are continually evolving 
and are not fully known at this time; therefore, there is significant risk and uncertainty which may have a material 
and adverse affect on our operations. The following risks disclosed in our Annual Information Form for the year 
ended December 31, 2020 may be exacerbated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic: 

•

•

•

•

•

The Company’s credit facilities may not provide sufficient liquidity;

Failure to comply with the covenants in the agreements governing the Company’s debt could adversely 
affect the Company’s financial condition;

The  Company’s  business  depends  on  the  oil  and  natural  gas  industry  and  particularly  on  the  level  of 
exploration, development and production for North American oil and natural gas, which is volatile;

The  Company  relies  on  certain  key  personnel  whose  absence  or  loss  could  disrupt  its  operations  and 
have a material adverse effect on its business;

Since a significant portion of the Company’s work is in the oil sands sector, the Company’s performance is 
sensitive to factors affecting the oil sands sector, including temporary or permanent shutdown of projects 
due to downturns in oil and gas prices, natural disasters, mechanical breakdowns, technology failures or 
pressure from environmental activism;

P	A	G	E			25

•

•

•

The  Company  may  not  be  able  to  convert  its  backlog  into  revenue  and  cannot  guarantee  that  the 
revenues projected in its backlog will be realized or, if realized, will result in profits;

Cyber  attacks  and  loss  of  the  Company’s  information  and  computer  systems  as  its  workforce  moves  to 
remote connections could adversely affect the Company’s business; and

The Company's business is subject to changes in general economic conditions over which it has little or 
no control.

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES AND INTERNAL CONTROL OVER 
FINANCIAL REPORTING 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

National  Instrument  52-109,  “Certification  of  Disclosure  in  Issuers’  Annual  and  Interim  Filings”  (“NI  52-109”), 
issued by the CSA requires CEOs and CFOs to certify that they are responsible for establishing and maintaining 
the  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  for  the  issuer,  that  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  have  been 
designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to the issuer is made known to them, 
that  they  have  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  issuer’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  and  that  their 
conclusions about effectiveness of those disclosure controls and procedures at the end of the period covered by 
the relevant annual filings have been disclosed by the issuer. 

ClearStream’s  management,  including  its  CEO  and  CFO,  have  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  ClearStream’s 
disclosure controls and procedures as at December 31, 2020 and have concluded that those disclosure controls 
and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by ClearStream in its corporate 
filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time period for the year then ended. 
The CEO and CFO have certified the appropriateness of the financial disclosures in ClearStream’s filings for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2020  with  securities  regulators,  including  this  MD&A  and  the  accompanying  audited 
consolidated  financial  statements  and  that  they  are  responsible  for  the  design  of  the  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures.

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

NI  52-109  also  requires  CEOs  and  CFOs  to  certify  that  they  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  for  the  issuer,  that  those  internal  controls  have  been  designed  and  are 
effective  in  providing  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  and  that  the  issuer  has  disclosed  any  changes  in  its  internal 
controls during its most recent year end that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its 
internal control over financial reporting. 

There  have  been  no  changes  in  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  during  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2020  that  have  materially  affected  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect  internal  controls  over  financial 
reporting.  Furthermore,  ClearStream’s  management,  including  its  CEO  and  CFO,  have  evaluated  the 
effectiveness  of  ClearStream’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  at  December  31,  2020  and  have 
concluded  that  those  controls  were  effective.  Due  to  the  inherent  limitations  common  to  all  control  systems, 
management acknowledges that disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting 
may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Accordingly, management’s evaluation of our disclosure controls and 
procedures  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  provide  reasonable,  not  absolute,  assurance  that 
misstatements resulting from fraud or error will be detected. 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional  information  relating  to  ClearStream  is  available  in  our  Annual  Information  Form  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020.

P	A	G	E			26

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF

CLEARSTREAM ENERGY SERVICES INC.

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019

P	A	G	E			27

Calgary, Canada

March 4, 2021

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  ClearStream  Energy  Services  Inc.  (“ClearStream”)  and  all  of  the 
information in the annual report are the responsibility of management, including responsibility for establishing and 
maintaining disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable 
assurance that the information used internally by management and disclosed externally is complete and reliable in 
all material respects. Management has evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures and 
internal controls over financial reporting and has concluded that they are effective.

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  by  management  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  and  include  certain  estimates  that  are  based  on  management’s  best  judgments. 
Actual  results  may  differ  from  these  estimates  and  judgments.  Management  has  ensured  that  the  consolidated 
financial statements are presented fairly in all material respects.

Management  has  developed  and  maintains  a  system  of  internal  control  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
ClearStream’s  assets  are  safeguarded,  transactions  are  accurately  recorded,  and  the  consolidated  financial 
statements  report  ClearStream’s  operating  and  financial  results  in  a  timely  manner.  Financial  information 
presented elsewhere in the annual report has been prepared on a consistent basis with that in the consolidated 
financial statements.

The  Board  of  Directors  of  ClearStream  annually  appoints  an Audit  Committee  (the  “Committee”)  comprised  of 
Independent Directors. This Committee meets  regularly  with management and the auditors to review significant 
accounting, reporting and internal control matters. The auditors have unrestricted access to the Committee. The 
Committee  reviews  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  Management’s  Discussion  &  Analysis,  the  external 
auditor's report. The Committee reports its findings to the Board of Directors for their consideration in approving 
the consolidated financial statements for issuance to the shareholders. The Committee also considers, for review 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  approval  by  the  shareholders,  the  engagement  or  re-appointment  of  the  external 
auditors.

Ernst  &  Young  LLP,  an  independent  firm  of  Chartered  Professional  Accountants,  was  appointed  by  the 
shareholders  to  audit  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted 
auditing standards. Ernst & Young LLP has provided an independent auditor's report. 

Yves Paletta

Chief Executive Officer

Calgary, Canada

March 4, 2021

Randy Watt

Chief Financial Officer

P	A	G	E			28

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

To the Shareholders of ClearStream Energy Services Inc.

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of ClearStream Energy Services Inc. and its subsidiaries 
(collectively,  the  “Company”),  which  comprise  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  as  at  December  31,  2020  and 
2019  and  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  (loss)  and  comprehensive  income  (loss),  consolidated 
statements of shareholders’ deficit and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes 
to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In  our  opinion,  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the 
consolidated financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and its consolidated financial 
performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities 
under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor's  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  consolidated 
financial  statements  section  of  our  report.  We  are  independent  of  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical 
requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  Canada,  and  we  have 
fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that  the  audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in the audit of 
the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of the 
audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming the auditor’s opinion thereon, and we do 
not provide a separate opinion on these matters. For the matter below, our description of how our audit addressed 
the matter is provided in that context.

We  have  fulfilled  the  responsibilities  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements section of our report, including in relation to these matters.  Accordingly, our audit included 
the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment of the risks of material misstatement of 
the consolidated financial statements. The results of our audit procedures, including the procedures performed to 
address  the  matter  below,  provide  the  basis  for  our  audit  opinion  on  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial 
statements.

P	A	G	E			29

Key audit matter

How our audit addressed the key audit matter

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  carrying  amounts  of 
goodwill  and  indefinite  life  intangible  assets  were 
$7,949  and  $1,574,  respectively.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, an impairment loss of $5,000 was 
recorded  with  respect  to  goodwill.  Refer  to  Note  1 
Significant  accounting  policies  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements for a description of the Company’s 
accounting  policy  for  impairment  of  long-lived  assets, 
indefinite  life  intangible  assets  and  goodwill.  Refer  to 
the 
Note  4  Goodwill  and 
consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  Company’s 
impairment  disclosures.  Goodwill  and  indefinite  life 
intangible  assets  are  tested  at  least  annually  for 
the  carrying  amount  of  a  cash 
impairment. 
generating unit (“CGU”) or group of CGUs exceeds its 
recoverable  amount,  an 
is 
recognized 
recoverable 
for 
amounts  of  the  Company’s  CGUs  were  determined 
based on their value in use which was estimated using 
a discounted cash flow approach. 

intangible  assets  of 

the  difference.  The 

impairment  charge 

If 

To  test  the  estimated  recoverable  amounts  of  the  CGUs, 
our  audit  procedures  included,  among  others,  assessing 
the  significant  assumptions  discussed  above  and  the 
underlying data used by the Company in its analysis:
• We  involved  our  valuation  specialists  to  assess  the 
methodology applied and the various inputs utilized in 
determining  the  discount  rate  by  referencing  current 
industry,  economic,  and  comparable  company 
information, and company and cash-flow specific risk 
premiums;

the 

• We 

historical 

of 
assessed 
management’s  cash 
including 
EBITDA, capital expenditures, and working capital by 
comparing them to actual historical performance;
• We  compared  the  growth  rates  to  current  industry, 

flow  projections, 

accuracy 

market and economic trends;

• We  performed  sensitivity  analysis  on  significant 
assumptions 
the 
recoverable  amounts  of  the  CGUs  that  would  arise 
from changes in those assumptions; and

the  changes 

to  evaluate 

in 

the  subjective  nature  of 

the  Company’s  estimated 

Auditing 
recoverable 
amounts  for  the  Wear  and  UWO  CGUs  was  complex 
the  various 
to 
due 
management 
inputs  and  assumptions.  Significant 
assumptions  included  earnings  before  income  taxes, 
interest,  depreciation  and  amortization  (“EBITDA”), 
capital expenditures, growth rates, working capital and 
discount  rates,  which  are  affected  by  expectations 
about future market and economic conditions.

• We  assessed 

the  Company’s 
the  adequacy  of 
disclosures  included  in  the  notes  to  the  consolidated 
financial statements in relation to this matter.

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:

• Management’s Discussion and Analysis

•

The information, other than the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the 
Annual Report

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express 
any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information,  and  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the 
consolidated  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially 
misstated. 

We obtained Management’s Discussion & Analysis and the Annual Report prior to the date of this auditor’s report. 
If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of  this  other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities  of  management  and  those  charged  with  governance  for  the  consolidated  financial 
statements

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in 
accordance  with  IFRS,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  management  determines  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error.

P	A	G	E			30

In  preparing  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  management  is  responsible  for  assessing  the  Company's 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going  concern  basis  of  accounting  unless  management  either  intends  to  liquidate  the  Company  or  to  cease 
operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  as  a 
whole  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor's  report  that 
includes  our  opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance,  but  is  not  a  guarantee  that  an  audit 
conducted  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards  will  always  detect  a  material 
misstatement  when  it  exists.  Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if, 
individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users 
taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional 
judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

a.

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether 
due  to  fraud  or  error,  design  and  perform  audit  procedures  responsive  to  those  risks,  and  obtain  audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a 
material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve 
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

b. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that 
are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the 
effectiveness of the Company's internal control. 

c. Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management.

d. Conclude  on  the  appropriateness  of  management's  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  and, 
based  on  the  audit  evidence  obtained,  whether  a  material  uncertainty  exists  related  to  events  or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we 
conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the 
related  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  or,  if  such  disclosures  are  inadequate,  to 
modify  our  opinion.  Our  conclusions  are  based  on  the  audit  evidence  obtained  up  to  the  date  of  our 
auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a 
going concern.

e. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including 
the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions 
and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

f. Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business 
activities  within  the  Company  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  We  are 
responsible  for  the  direction,  supervision  and  performance  of  the  Company  audit.  We  remain  solely 
responsible for our audit opinion.

We  communicate  with  those  charged  with  governance  regarding,  among  other  matters,  the  planned  scope  and 
timing  of  the  audit  and  significant  audit  findings,  including  any  significant  deficiencies  in  internal  control  that  we 
identify during our audit.

We  also  provide  those  charged  with  governance  with  a  statement  that  we  have  complied  with  relevant  ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may 
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

P	A	G	E			31

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of 
most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the 
key  audit  matters.  We  describe  these  matters  in  our  auditor’s  report  unless  law  or  regulation  precludes  public 
disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be 
communicated  in  our  report  because  the  adverse  consequences  of  doing  so  would  reasonably  be  expected  to 
outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor's report is Kim Wiggins.  

Calgary, Canada

March 4, 2021

P	A	G	E			32

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

As at December 31, 
Assets
Cash
Restricted cash
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Total current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill and intangible assets
Long-term investments
Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Deferred consideration
Earn-out contingent liability
ABL facility
Current portion of lease liabilities
Current portion of provision
Current portion of other secured borrowings
Total current liabilities
Lease liabilities
Other secured borrowings
Senior secured debentures
Deferred tax liability
Total liabilities
Common shares
Preferred shares
Contributed surplus
Deficit
Total shareholders' deficit
Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors,

Fraser Clarke, Director

Sean McMaster, Director 

Notes

2020

2019

$ 

30,477  $ 

19
2

3
4

5
6
7
8

7

8
7
7
13

15
15

$ 

$ 

$ 

—   
89,508   
6,885   
1,813   
128,683   
72,688   
13,842   
394   

215,607  $ 

34,614  $ 
802   
170   
40,626   
7,604   
—   
1,679   
85,495   
28,858   
16,023   
105,173   
—   
235,549   
462,054   
141,933   
20,679   
(644,608)  
(19,942)  
215,607  $ 

7,109 
805 
138,638 
9,739 
1,888 
158,178 
78,244 
20,332 
819 
257,573 

57,472 
1,158 
1,234 
67,442 
7,756 
885 
1,322 
137,269 
28,278 
17,299 
96,955 
1,210 
281,011 
462,054 
141,933 
20,679 
(648,104) 
(23,438) 
257,573 

P	A	G	E			33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

For the year ended December 31,

Notes

2020

2019

Revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative expenses
Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans recovery 
(expense) 
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation expense
Income from equity investment
Interest expense
Restructuring costs
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
Impairment of right-of-use assets
Recovery of contingent consideration liability

Bargain purchase gain

Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
Income from government subsidies

Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes
Income tax recovery - current
Income tax recovery - deferred
Income (loss) from continuing operations

Gain from discontinued operations (net of income taxes)

Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)

Net income (loss) per share (dollars)
Basic & diluted:

Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Net income (loss)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

10

$ 

393,121  $ 
(359,435)  
33,686   

464,252 
(413,856) 
50,396 

11

17
4
3

12
16
4
3
6

9

3
14

13

(23,986)  

(26,240) 

1,127   
(1,824)  
(14,937)  
1   
(19,028)  
(2,641)  
(5,000)  
—   
1,121   

—   

—   

154   
33,521   

2,194   
65   
1,210   
3,469   

27   

(1,162) 
(1,023) 
(13,867) 
509 
(19,989) 
(8,361) 
— 
(1,680) 
623 

10,791 

127 

316 
— 

(9,560) 
— 
2,908 
(6,652) 

1,940 

$ 

3,496  $ 

(4,712) 

$ 
$ 
$ 

0.03  $ 
0.00  $ 
0.03  $ 

(0.06) 
0.02 
(0.04) 

P	A	G	E			34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit

(In thousands of Canadian dollars, except number of shares)

January 1, 2020

Net income

Number of 
Common 
Shares

Notes

Common 
Shares

Preferred 
Shares

Contributed 
Surplus

Deficit

Total 
Shareholders' 
Deficit

  109,992,668  $  462,054  $ 141,933  $ 

20,679  $ (648,104) $ 

(23,438) 

—   

—   

—   

—   

3,496   

3,496 

At December 31, 2020

  109,992,668  $  462,054  $ 141,933  $ 

20,679  $ (644,608) $ 

(19,942) 

January 1, 2019

Net loss

Share-based compensation 

Issuance of preferred shares
Conversion of preferred shares to 
common shares

15

15

Number of 
Common 
Shares

Notes

Common 
Shares

Preferred 
Shares

Contributed 
Surplus

Deficit

Total 
Shareholders' 
Deficit

  109,941,241  $  462,036  $ 102,203  $ 

20,716  $ (643,392) $ 

(58,437) 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

39,748   

51,427   

18   

(18)  

—   

(4,712)  

(4,712) 

(37)  

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(37) 

39,748 

— 

At December 31, 2019

  109,992,668  $  462,054  $ 141,933  $ 

20,679  $ (648,104) $ 

(23,438) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

P	A	G	E			35

 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

For the year ended December 31,
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)
Adjustments for:

Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans 
(recovery) expense
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation expense
Income from equity investments
Non-cash interest expense
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
Impairment of right-of-use assets
Recovery of contingent consideration liability
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use assets
Bargain purchase gain
Deferred income tax recovery
Change in provision
Changes in non-cash working capital

Cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities
Investing activities:

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Net proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of intangible assets
Proceeds from equity investment
Payment of deferred consideration
Transaction costs
Changes in non-cash working capital
Cash flow used in investing activities

Financing activities:
Decrease in restricted cash
Repayment of other secured borrowings
Proceeds from the issuance of preferred shares
Proceeds from the issuance of other secured borrowings
Proceeds from the issuance of ABL term loans
Repayment of convertible debentures
Refinancing fees
Repayment of ABL facility
Repayment of lease liabilities
Cash flow (used in) provided by financing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash
Cash, beginning of year

Cash, end of year

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Notes

2020

2019

$ 

3,496   

(4,712) 

17
4
3

7

4
3

3

9

20

9
3
3
4

5
9

7

7
7
8

(1,127)  
1,824   
14,937   
(1)  
10,065   
5,000   
—   
(1,121)  
(154)  
—   
—   
(1,210)  
—   
28,316   
60,025  $ 

—   
(1,918)  
1,312   
(335)  
426   
(433)  
—   
—   
(948) $ 

805   
(827)  
—   
—   
—   
—   
(654)  
(26,942)  
(8,091)  
(35,709) $ 
23,368   
7,109   

30,477  $ 

1,162 
1,023 
13,867 
(509) 
3,314 
— 
1,680 
(623) 
(316) 
(127) 
(10,791) 
(2,908) 
883 
(22,114) 
(20,171) 

(54,320) 
(3,749) 
1,915 
(374) 
— 
— 

(2,798) 
1,352 
(57,974) 

175 
(459) 
32,200 
19,000 
30,500 
(1,216) 
(820) 
4,864 
(9,828) 
74,416 
(3,729) 
10,838 

7,109 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

P	A	G	E			36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLEARSTREAM ENERGY SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

Years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Reporting Entity

ClearStream  Energy  Services  Inc.  (“ClearStream”  or  the  “Company”)  is  a  corporation  formed  pursuant  to  the 
Business  Corporations  Act  (Ontario).  The  head  office  is  located  at  311  -  6th  Avenue  S.W.,  Calgary,  Alberta. 
ClearStream  is  a  fully-integrated  provider  of  upstream,  midstream,  and  downstream  production  services,  which 
includes maintenance and turnarounds, facilities construction, welding and fabrication and environmental services 
with locations across Western Canada. 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  were  authorized  for  issuance  in  accordance  with  a  resolution  of  the 
Board of Directors of ClearStream on March 4, 2021.

1 

Significant accounting policies

a. Basis of presentation 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  a  historical  cost  basis  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”).  The  accounting  policies  that  follow  have  been 
consistently applied to all years presented. Certain amounts have been reclassified from the prior year to 
conform to the current period presentation.

b. Principles of consolidation

These  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries as at December 31, 2020. The Company conducts business through numerous subsidiaries, 
all  of  which  are  wholly-owned  and  therefore  controlled,  by  the  Company.  The  financial  results  of 
subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences 
until the date that control ceases. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on 
consolidation.  

c.

Joint ventures

A  joint  venture  is  a  type  of  joint  arrangement  whereby  the  parties  that  have  joint  control  of  the 
arrangement  have  rights  to  the  net  assets  of  the  joint  venture.  Joint  control  is  the  contractually  agreed 
sharing  of  control  of  an  arrangement,  which  exists  only  when  decisions  about  the  relevant  activities 
require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.  

d. Financial instruments

(i) Financial assets 

When  financial  assets  are  recognized  initially,  they  are  measured  at  fair  value,  plus,  in  the  case  of 
investments  not  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss,  directly  attributable  transaction  costs.    The 
Company  considers  whether  a  contract  contains  an  embedded  derivative  when  the  entity  first 
becomes  a  party  to  it.    Embedded  derivatives  are  separated  from  the  host  contract  which  is  not 
measured  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  when  the  analysis  shows  that  the  economic 
characteristics and risks of embedded derivatives are not closely related to those of the host contract.

The  Company  determines  the  classification  of  its  financial  assets  at  initial  recognition  and,  where 
allowed  and  appropriate,  re-evaluates  this  designation  at  each  financial  year  end.  Financial  assets 
and  financial  liabilities  are  recognized  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  balance  sheet  when  the 
Company  becomes  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the  instrument.  Financial  assets  are 

P	A	G	E			37

derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or when the 
contractual  rights  to  those  assets  are  transferred.  Financial  liabilities  are  derecognized  when  the 
obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.

Cash and restricted cash

Cash  and  restricted  cash  are  comprised  of  cash  on  deposit  with  financial  institutions.    These  are 
measured at amortized cost.  

Accounts receivable

Accounts  receivable,  which  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  that  have  fixed  or  determinable 
payments that are not quoted in an active market, are classified as amortized cost and subsequently 
measured using the effective interest rate method, net of any impairment.

Impairment provisions for trade receivables are recognized based on lifetime expected credit losses. 
During  this  process  the  probability  of  the  non-payment  of  the  trade  receivables  is  assessed.  This 
probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from default to determine the 
lifetime expected credit loss for the accounts receivable. For accounts receivable, which are reported 
net, such provisions are recorded in a separate provision account with the loss being recognized in 
the  consolidated  statement  of  net  loss.  On  confirmation  that  the  trade  receivable  will  not  be 
collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

(ii) Financial liabilities

Financial  liabilities  include  accounts  payable,  the  ABL  Facility,  senior  secured  debentures,  other 
secured borrowings, deferred consideration and earn-out liabilities. Accounts payable are obligations 
to  pay  for  goods  or  services  that  have  been  acquired  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  from 
suppliers. Other liabilities are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. 
If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Other liabilities are recognized initially at fair value 
and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

(iii) Fair value hierarchy

The  Company  uses  a  three  level  hierarchy  to  categorize  the  significance  of  the  inputs  used  in 
measuring the fair value of financial instruments.  The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

Level 1 – Where financial instruments are traded in active financial markets, fair value is determined 
by reference to the appropriate quoted unadjusted market price at the reporting date. Active markets 
are  those  in  which  transactions  occur  in  significant  frequency  and  volume  to  provide  pricing 
information on an ongoing basis. 

Level 2 – If there is no active market, fair value is established using inputs other than quoted prices 
that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly, including quoted forward prices, 
time value, volatility factors and broker quotations. 

Level 3 – Valuations in this level are those with inputs that are not based on observable market data 
and  which  are  less  observable,  unavailable  or  where  the  observable  data  does  not  support  the 
majority  of  the  instrument’s  fair  value.  Level  3  instruments  may  include  items  based  on  pricing 
services or broker quotes where the Company is unable to verify the observability of inputs into their 
prices.  Level  3  instruments  include  longer-term  transactions,  transactions  in  less  active  markets  or 
transactions  at  locations  for  which  pricing  information  is  not  available.  In  these  instances,  internally 
developed  methodologies  are  used  to  determine  fair  value  which  primarily  includes  extrapolation  of 
observable future prices to similar location, similar instruments or later time periods. 

If  different  levels  of  inputs  are  used  to  measure  a  financial  instrument’s  fair  value,  the  classification 
within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. 

P	A	G	E			38

e.

Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories includes 
the costs to purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location. Costs 
such  as  storage  costs  and  administrative  overheads  that  do  not  directly  contribute  to  bringing  the 
inventories  to  their  present  location  and  condition  are  specifically  excluded  from  the  cost  of  inventories 
and  are  expensed  in  the  period  incurred.  The  cost  of  inventories  of  items  that  are  not  ordinarily 
interchangeable  and  goods  or  services  produced  and  segregated  for  specific  projects  are  assigned  by 
using  specific  identification  of  their  individual  costs.  The  weighted  average  cost  formula  is  used  for 
inventories other than those dealt with by the specific identification of cost formula. 

f. Property, plant and equipment

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  accumulated 
impairment losses. 

Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.  The cost of self-
constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, costs directly attributable to bringing 
the asset to a working condition for its intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the items 
and restoring the site on which they are located.  Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of 
the related equipment is capitalized as part of that equipment.  Borrowing costs related to the acquisition 
or construction of qualifying assets are capitalized.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for 
as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

The assets’ residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each financial year 
and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Depreciation  is  calculated  following  the  method  that  best  reflects  usage  and  annual  rates  based  on  the 
estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Asset class

Furniture, tools and equipment
Computer hardware
Automotive & heavy equipment
Buildings

Basis
Declining balance
Declining balance
Declining balance
Declining balance

Leasehold improvements

Straight-line

Rate
10% - 50%
20% - 30%
15% - 30%
5% - 10%
The shorter of expected useful life 
or term of lease

g.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired individually or as part of a group of other assets are recognized and measured 
at cost.  Intangible assets acquired in a transaction, including those acquired in business combinations, 
are initially recorded at their fair value. Intangible assets with determinable useful lives, such as customer 
relationships,  management  contracts,  computer  software  and  sales  orders,  are  amortized  over  their 
useful lives.  Intangible assets having an indefinite life, such as brands, are not amortized but are subject 
to an annual impairment test (refer to Note 1(g)). The Company expects to renew the registration of the 
brand names indefinitely, and expects these assets to generate economic benefit in perpetuity. As such, 
the Company assessed brand name intangible assets as having indefinite useful lives with an exception 
of  the  Universal  Weld  Overlays  Inc.  ("UWO")  brand  name.  UWO  brand  name  was  assessed  as  having 
definite useful live and is being amortized according to the method and rate provided in the table below.

Some intangible assets are contained in a physical form, such as a compact disc in the case of computer 
software.  When the software is not an integral part of the related hardware, computer software is treated 
as an intangible asset.

P	A	G	E			39

Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized using the following methods and rates based on 
the estimated useful life of the asset as follows: 

Asset class

Customer relationships
Computer software
UWO brand name

Basis

Straight line
Declining balance
Straight line

Rate / Term

2 – 10 years
30% - 100%
10 years

h.

Impairment of long-lived assets, indefinite life intangible assets and goodwill

Assets  with  definite  useful  lives,  including  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets,  are 
amortized  over  their  estimated  useful  lives.    Long-lived  assets  are  assessed  for  impairment  at  each 
balance sheet date, or whenever events or changes in circumstances occur, to assess whether there is 
an indication that such assets may not be recoverable.

If indicators of impairment exist, an estimate of the recoverable amount is made.  If the carrying amount of 
an  asset  or  cash  generating  unit  (“CGU”)  exceeds  its  recoverable  amount,  an  impairment  charge  is 
recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.  

Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually, or 
more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. For the 
purposes  of  impairment  testing,  goodwill  is  allocated  to  the  CGU  or  group  of  CGUs  whose  acquisition 
gave rise to the goodwill. Assessment of goodwill impairment is performed at the level at which goodwill is 
monitored for internal management purposes, which is the CGU level. Goodwill impairment is determined 
by  assessing  whether  the  carrying  amount  of  the  CGU  or  relevant  group  of  CGUs  exceeds  the 
recoverable amount. Indefinite life intangible impairment is determined by assessing whether the carrying 
amount of the CGU to which those indefinite life intangible assets relate exceeds the recoverable amount.  

The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  of  disposal  (“FVLCD”)  and  its 
value in use (“VIU”).  If it is not possible to estimate the  recoverable amount of an individual asset, the 
CGU to which the asset belongs is tested for impairment. The FVLCD excludes any costs with respect to 
restructuring,  employee  severance  and  termination  benefits.    VIU  is  determined  using  the  estimated 
future  cash  flows  generated  from  use  and  eventual  disposition  of  an  asset  or  CGU  discounted  to  their 
present  value  using  a  post-tax  discount  rate  and  excludes  any  costs  with  respect  to  restructuring, 
employee severance and termination benefits.  

Assets to be disposed of are presented separately in the consolidated balance sheet and reported at the 
lower of the carrying amount or FVLCD.  

An  assessment  is  made  at  each  reporting  date  as  to  whether  there  is  any  indication  that  previously 
recognized  impairment  losses  may  no  longer  exist  or  may  have  decreased.    If  such  indication  exists, 
ClearStream  estimates  the  assets'  or  CGUs'  recoverable  amount.   A  previously  recognized  impairment 
loss  is  reversed  only  if  there  has  been  a  change  in  the  assumption  used  to  determine  the  asset’s 
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized.  The reversal is limited such that the 
carrying  amount  of  the  asset  does  not  exceed  its  recoverable  amount,  nor  exceed  the  carrying  amount 
that would have been determined net of depreciation had the impairment loss not been recognized for the 
asset in prior years.  Such reversal is recognized in the consolidated statement of income. 

i. Revenue recognition

Maintenance and Construction services revenue includes revenue from contracts entered into to provide 
maintenance  and  construction  services  to  various  industries,  including  energy,  mining,  agriculture,  pulp 
and  paper  and  petrochemical.    The  majority  of  the  revenue  within  the  Maintenance  and  Construction 
segment  relates  to  contracts  with  customers  to  perform  services  based  on  cost  plus  an  agreed-upon 
margin. 

Wear Technology Overlay services revenue includes the sale of goods with respect to custom fabrication 
services  supporting  pipeline  and  infrastructure  projects,  patented  wear  overlay  technology  services 

P	A	G	E			40

specializing  in  overlay  pipe  spools,  pipe  bends  and  plate,  and  regulatory  and  environmental  advisory 
services.    The  majority  of  revenue  within  the  Wear  Technology  Overlay  services  segment  relates  to 
contracts with customers to construct goods to client specifications for an agreed-upon price.

i.

Revenue from the sale of services

Performance  obligations  arising  from  contracts  with  customers  require  ClearStream  to  provide  labour 
hours and rental of equipment as requested.  Each individual contract may contain multiple performance 
obligations and at contract inception, consideration is variable as the total number of hours required is not 
fixed.    However,  under  the  terms  of  its  contracts  with  customers,  ClearStream  has  the  right  to 
consideration  in  an  amount  that  corresponds  directly  with  the  value  to  its  customers  of  performance 
completed  to  date,  and  therefore  recognizes  revenue  over  time  based  on  the  amount  ClearStream  has 
the right to invoice. 

ii.

Revenue from the sale of goods

At  the  inception  of  each  contract  with  a  customer,  ClearStream  identifies  the  distinct  performance 
obligations based on promises to transfer distinct goods to the customer.  A contract’s transaction price is 
allocated  to  each  distinct  performance  obligation  and  recognized  as  revenue  when,  or  as,  the 
performance  obligation  is  satisfied.    ClearStream’s  performance  obligations  are  generally  satisfied  over 
time  as  work  progresses  because  of  continuous  transfer  of  control  to  the  customer.    For  contracts  with 
multiple  performance  obligations,  the  contract’s  transaction  price  is  allocated  to  each  performance 
obligation using the Company’s best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good in the 
contract.  

Transfer of control is measured utilizing an input method to measure progress for contracts based on an 
analysis  of  costs  incurred  to  date  compared  to  total  estimated  costs.    These  costs,  once  incurred,  are 
considered  a  measure  of  progress  and  are  expensed  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  incurred.    Total 
estimated  project  costs  and  resulting  contract  income  are  affected  by  changes  in  the  expected  cost  of 
materials  and  labor,  productivity,  scheduling  and  other  factors.  Additionally,  external  factors  such  as 
customer  requirements  and  other  factors  outside  of  ClearStream’s  control  may  affect  the  progress  and 
estimated  cost  of  a  project’s  completion  and,  therefore,  the  timing  and  amount  of  revenue  and  income 
recognition.  Changes in total estimated contract cost and losses, if any, are recognized in the period they 
are determined.

j.

Income taxes

Income  tax  expense  or  recovery  comprises  current  and  deferred  taxes.  Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax 
payable  or  recoverable  on  the  taxable  income  for  the  year  and  is  recognized  in  the  period  to  which  it 
relates.      Amounts  included  in  current  tax  reflect  the  income  tax  expense  or  recovery  relating  to  the 
taxable income of ClearStream and its subsidiaries.

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between 
the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for 
taxation  purposes.    Deferred  tax  is  not  recognized  for  the  following  temporary  differences:  the  initial 
recognition  of  assets  or  liabilities  in  a  transaction  that  is  not  a  business  combination  and  that  affects 
neither  accounting  nor  taxable  profit,  and  differences  relating  to  investments  in  subsidiaries  and  jointly 
controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.  In 
addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition 
of goodwill.  Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary 
differences when they reverse based on the tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by 
the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if ClearStream has a legally enforceable 
right to offset current tax assets/liabilities and if the corresponding deferred tax assets and liabilities relate 
to  the  income  taxes  raised  by  the  same  taxation  authority  on  either  the  same  taxable  entity  or  different 
taxable  entities  that  intend  to  settle  their  current  tax  assets  and  liabilities  either  on  a  net  basis  or 
simultaneously. 

P	A	G	E			41

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent it is probable that future taxable profits will be available 
against  which  the  temporary  difference  can  be  utilized.    Deferred  tax  assets  are  reviewed  at  each 
reporting  date  and  are  reduced  to  the  extent  it  is  no  longer  probable  that  the  related  tax  benefit  will  be 
realized. 

k. Leases

i.

Leases as a Lessee 

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. The Company recognizes 
a  right-of-use  asset  and  corresponding  lease  liability  with  respect  to  all  lease  contracts  in  which  it  is  a 
lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less or leases of low value assets.

A right-of-use asset and lease liability is recognized on the lease commencement date. The right-of-use 
asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any 
lease payments made on or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Right-of-
use assets are subsequently depreciated using the straight line method from the commencement date to 
the end of the lease term, including periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is 
reasonably certain to exercise that option. 

Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the 
lease commencement date. The associated lease payments are discounted using the rate implicit in the 
lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. Lease 
liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The lease 
liability is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index 
or  rate,  if  there  is  change  in  the  Company’s  estimate  of  the  amount  expected  to  be  payable  under  a 
residual  value  guarantee,  or  if  the  Company  changes  its  assessment  of  whether  it  will  exercise  a 
purchase, extension or termination option. 

ii. Leases as a Lessor 

The Company enters into sub-lease agreements as a lessor with respect to some of its buildings. When 
the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for the head lease and the sublease as two separate 
contracts.  The  sub-lease  is  classified  as  a  finance  or  operating  lease  by  reference  to  the  right-of-use 
asset arising from the head lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and 
rewards  of  ownership  to  the  lessee,  the  contract  is  classified  as  a  finance  lease.  All  other  leases  are 
classified as operating leases. Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight line basis 
over the term of the lease.

l. Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans

Employees,  directors  and  consultants  of  the  Company  may  receive  remuneration  in  the  form  of  share-
based  payment  transactions  and  other  long-term  incentive  plans  for  services  rendered.    Equity-settled 
awards  are  recorded  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  loss  for  awards  granted,  with  a  corresponding 
amount reflected in contributed surplus.  The fair value of equity-settled awards is estimated, at the date 
of grant, using the Black-Scholes pricing model, and amortized over the expected vesting period using the 
graded  vesting  method.  Market  vesting  conditions  are  factored  into  the  fair  value  of  share-based 
payments on the date of grant and no subsequent adjustments are made to reflect the occurrence or non-
occurrence  of  those  conditions.  Performance  vesting  conditions  are  adjusted  at  each  reporting  date  to 
reflect the actual number of awards expected to vest.  

Share-based awards that can be settled in either cash or equity at the sole discretion of ClearStream are 
classified as equity-settled if management and the Board of Directors do not intend to settle the awards in 
cash (and there is no history of settling those awards in cash).

Cash-settled  RSUs  and  CVCUs  are  recorded  at  their  fair  value  at  each  reporting  date  through  the 
consolidated  statement  of  loss,  with  a  corresponding  amount  reflected  as  a  liability.    The  fair  value  of 
RSUs and CVCUs approximates the intrinsic value as the awards have no exercise price.  Share-based 

P	A	G	E			42

payment  expense  (recovery)  is  recognized  over  the  vesting  period  of  the  RSUs  and  CVCUs,  using  the 
graded vesting method.   

m.

Income (loss) per share

The income (loss) per share of ClearStream is computed by dividing ClearStream’s income (loss) by the 
weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  during  the  reporting  period.    Diluted  income 
(loss) per share is determined by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
for the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares, using the treasury stock method.   

n. Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, ClearStream has a present legal or constructive 
obligation  that  can  be  estimated  reliably  and  it  is  probable  that  an  outflow  of  economic  benefits  will  be 
required  to  settle  the  obligation.    Provisions  are  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  expenditures 
expected  to  be  required  to  settle  the  obligation  using  a  discount  rate  that  reflects  current  market 
assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  obligation.    The  increase  in  the 
provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense.

o. Business combinations

Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.  The  cost  of  an  acquisition  is 
measured  as  the  aggregate  fair  values  of  the  assets  given,  equity  instruments  issued  and  liabilities 
incurred  or  assumed  at  the  date  of  exchange  for  control  of  the  acquiree.  Transaction  costs  directly 
attributable  to  the  acquisition  are  expensed.  Identifiable  assets  acquired,  liabilities  and  contingent 
liabilities  assumed  in  a  business  combination  are  measured  initially  at  fair  values  at  the  date  of 
acquisition, irrespective of the extent of any non-controlling interest.  

Goodwill is initially measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration paid over the fair value of 
the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired.  If the fair value of consideration paid is less 
than  the  fair  value  of  the  net  identifiable  tangible  and  intangible  assets  acquired,  the  difference  is 
recognized directly in net income as a bargain purchase gain.

p. Government Assistance

The  Company  recognizes  government  subsidies  on  an  accrual  basis  when  there  is  a  reasonable 
assurance that it will comply with the conditions required to qualify for the subsidy and that the collection 
of  the  subsidy  is  also  reasonably  assured.  Government  subsidies  are  recognized  on  the  Consolidated 
Balance Sheet under accounts receivable and are recognized on the Consolidated Interim Statements of 
Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the periods in which the expense that the subsidy 
is intended to offset are recognized.

q. Use of estimates and judgements

In  March  2020,  the  World  Health  Organization  declared  a  global  pandemic  related  to  the  novel 
coronavirus known as COVID-19. Due to public health measures, the movement of people and goods has 
become restricted, and economic activity has significantly contracted in most countries around the world. 
In  addition,  there  has  been  extreme  volatility  with  crude  oil  prices  due  to  a  significant  reduction  in 
demand,  increased  supply  from  OPEC  and  Russia  and  a  potential  lack  of  storage  capacity  forcing 
production shut-ins. The rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic combined with the drop in oil prices 
has  created  a  requirement  to  proactively  adapt  to  the  current  market  environment. These  uncertainties, 
which may persist beyond when it is determined how to contain the virus or treat its impact and further 
impacts from crude oil price volatility, may increase the complexity of estimates and assumptions used to 
prepare  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  and  changes  to  these  assumptions  could  result  in  a 
material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  and  liabilities  within  the  next  financial  year. 
Examples  of  significant  estimates  and  judgments  made  by  management  in  the  preparation  of  these 
consolidated financial statements are outlined below.

P	A	G	E			43

i.

Depreciation and amortization

Measurement  of  the  net  book  value  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets 
requires  the  Company  to  make  estimates  of  the  expected  useful  lives  of  the  assets,  method  of 
depreciation and amortization and whether impairment in value has occurred.  Residual values of 
the  assets,  estimates  useful  lives  and  depreciation  and  amortization  methodology  are  reviewed 
annually  with  prospective  application  of  any  changes,  if  deemed  appropriate.    Changes  to 
estimates  and  specifically  those  related  to  automotive  and  heavy  equipment,  which  could  be 
significant, could be caused by a variety of factors, including changes to the physical life of the 
assets or changes in the nature of the utilization of the assets.  A change in any of the estimates 
would result in a change in the amount of depreciation or amortization and, as a result, a charge 
to net income recorded in the period in which the change occurs.  

ii. Revenue recognition – percentage of completion

The nature of certain of the Company’s contracts with customers is such that revenue is earned 
over time as the related good is produced. In these instances, revenue is recognized as work is 
completed  and  this  requires  management  to  make  a  number  of  estimates  and  assumptions 
surrounding the expected profitability of the contract, the estimated degree of completion based 
on  hours  and  costs  incurred  and  other  detailed  factors.  Although  these  factors  are  routinely 
reviewed as part of the project management process, changes in these estimates or assumptions 
could lead to changes in revenues recognized in a given period. 

iii. Determination of cash generating units (“CGUs”)

Assets are grouped into CGUs that have been identified as being the smallest identifiable group 
of assets that generate cash inflows that are independent of cash flows of other assets or groups 
of  assets.  The  allocation  of  assets  into  CGUs  requires  significant  judgment  and  interpretations. 
Factors  considered  in  the  classification  include  the  integration  between  assets,  the  ability  of 
management to allocate finite resources to complete future projects or contracts, and the way in 
which  management  monitors  the  operations.  The  recoverability  of  the  Company’s  assets  is 
assessed  at  the  CGU  level  and  therefore  the  determination  of  a  CGU  could  have  a  significant 
effect on impairment losses or reversals.

iv.

Income taxes

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognized  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profit  will  be 
available against which the deductible temporary differences and carried forward tax losses can 
be  utilized.    Assessing  the  recoverability  of  deferred  taxes  requires  management  to  make 
significant  estimates  related  to  expectations  of  future  taxable  income  and  the  application  of 
existing tax laws. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets  is reviewed  each reporting  date 
and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available 
to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are 
reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable 
that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. 

Deferred  income  taxes  contain  uncertainties  because  of  the  assumptions  made  about  when 
deferred  tax  assets  are  likely  to  reverse,  and  a  judgment  as  to  whether  or  not  there  will  be 
sufficient  taxable  profits  available  to  offset  the  tax  assets  when  they  do  reverse.  This  requires 
assumptions regarding future profitability and is therefore inherently uncertain. 

v. Contingencies

By their nature, contingencies will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail 
to  occur.    The  assessment  of  contingencies  inherently  involves  the  exercise  of  significant 
judgment and estimates of the outcome of future events.  Judgment and estimates are necessary 
to  determine  the  likelihood  that  a  pending  litigation  or  other  claim  will  succeed  or  a  liability  will 
arise and to quantify the possible range of the final settlement.

P	A	G	E			44

ClearStream  is  subject  to  claims  and  litigation  proceedings  arising  in  the  normal  course  of 
operations. The known claims and litigation proceedings are not expected to materially affect the 
Company's financial position or reported results of operations.

vi.

Impairment of non-financial assets

With  respect  to  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  definite  life  intangible  assets,  judgment  is 
applied  by  management  in  assessing  whether  there  are  any  indicators  of  impairment  at  each 
reporting  date  that  would  require  a  full  impairment  test  to  be  performed.    Impairment  indicators 
include, but are not limited to, a significant decline in an asset’s market value, significant adverse 
changes  in  the  technological,  market,  economic  or  legal  environment  in  which  the  assets  are 
operated, evidence of obsolescence or physical damage of an asset, significant changes in the 
planned use of an asset, or ongoing under-performance of an asset.  Application of these factors 
to the facts and circumstances of a particular asset requires a significant amount of judgment.

Should an impairment test be required, the determination of the magnitude of impairment involves 
the  use  of  estimates,  assumptions  and  judgments  on  highly  uncertain  matters  particularly  with 
respect  to  estimating  the  recoverable  amount  of  a  CGU  or  a  group  of  CGUs.  Such  estimates, 
assumption and judgments include, but are not limited to: the choice of discount rates that reflect 
appropriate  asset-specific  risks,  timing  of  revenue  and  customer  turnover,  inflation  factors  for 
projected  costs  and  the  level  of  capital  expenditures  required  in  future  periods  to  maintain 
operations.  

vii. Carrying amount of accounts receivable

Initially recorded at fair value, and are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective 
interest  rate  method,  less  provision  for  impairment.  Impairment  provisions  for  trade  receivables 
are recognized based on the simplified approach using the lifetime expected credit losses.

viii. Going concern

These  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis,  which  assumes  the 
realization  of  assets  and  discharge  of  liabilities  and  commitments  in  the  normal  course  of 
business  within  the  foreseeable  future.  Management  uses  judgment  to  assess  the  Company’s 
ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  and  the  conditions  that  cast  doubt  upon  the  use  of  the 
going concern assumption.

ix. Discount rate for the measurement of lease liabilities

Lease  liability  is  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  that  are  not  paid  at  the 
commencement  date. The  lease  payments  are  discounted  using  the  implicit  interest  rate  in  the 
lease. If the rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used. 
The Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate based on the economic environment, the 
nature and quality of the asset, the Company’s credit rating and other factors.

2. 

Inventories

Inventories comprise the following:

As at December 31,

Raw materials

Work-in-progress
Finished goods

Parts and supplies

Total

2020

2019

4,451  $ 

50   
2,352   

32   

6,885  $ 

5,374 

229 
3,473 

663 

9,739 

$ 

$ 

P	A	G	E			45

 
 
 
Work  in  progress  includes  amounts  for  work  performed  in  excess  of  amounts  billed  for  contracts 
accounted  for  using  the  percentage  of  completion  method.  Included  in  cost  of  revenues  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2020 is the cost of inventories of $13,174 (2019 - $34,558).

3. 

Property, plant and equipment

Land 
and 
buildings

Computer 
hardware

Furniture, 
tools and 
equipment

Leasehold 
improvem
ents

Equipment 
under 
finance 
lease

Right-of-
use 
assets

Automotive 
and heavy 
equipment

Total

$ 

525   

1,076   

16,142   

3,318   

10,136   

—   

26,656    57,853 

—   

—   

—   

888   

—   

517   

  18,230   

—   

1,327   

—   

—   

(264)  

(58)  

(5,167)  

(787)  

—   

(10,136)   56,442   

—    46,306 

—   

—   

—   

1,596   

2,344   

5,345 

2,567   

13,447    35,571 

(792)  

(1,306)  

(8,374) 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—    (10,275)  

—    (10,275) 

$ 18,491  $  1,906  $  12,819  $ 

2,531  $ 

—  $  49,538  $  41,141  $ 126,426 

—   

—   

—   

—   

278   

—   

—   

—   

824   

—   

(675)  

(403)  

608   

—   

—   

403   

—   

—   

—   

6,203   

2,418   

208   

8,121 

—   

2,418 

(697)  

(1,928)  

(3,300) 

—   

(7,037)  

7,037   

— 

$ 18,491  $  2,184  $  12,565  $ 

3,542  $ 

—  $  50,425  $  46,458  $ 133,665 

$ 

272  $ 

767  $ 

9,184  $ 

2,891  $ 

3,060  $ 

—  $  18,161  $ 34,335 

—   

313   

(149)  

14   

—   

—   

—   

(3,060)  

8,120   

—   

5,060 

235   

1,729   

(49)  

(3,698)  

—   

—   

109   

(704)  

—   

—   

—   

—   

8,709   

2,772    13,867 

(457)  

(1,703)  

(6,760) 

1,666   

—   

1,680 

$ 

450  $ 

953  $ 

7,215  $ 

2,296  $ 

—  $  18,038  $  19,230  $ 48,182 

703   
—   
—   

394   
—   
—   

2,010   
(313)  
(62)  

206   
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   

8,074   
(470)  
(5,871)  

3,550    14,937 
(2,142) 
(1,359)  
— 
5,933   

$  1,153  $  1,347  $ 

8,850  $ 

2,502  $ 

—  $  19,771  $  27,354  $ 60,977 

Cost

Balance as at January 1, 
2019
Adoption of IFRS 16

Additions

Acquisitions

Disposals

Revaluation

Balance as at December 
31, 2019
Additions

Remeasurement

Disposals

Asset class transfer

Balance as at December 
31, 2020
Accumulated Depreciation

Balance as at January 1, 
2019
Adoption of IFRS 16

Depreciation

Disposals

Impairment

Balance as at December 
31, 2019
Depreciation
Disposals
Asset class transfer
Balance as at December 
31, 2020
Net book value

As at December 31, 2019

$ 18,041  $ 

953  $ 

5,604  $ 

235  $ 

—  $  31,500  $  21,911  $ 78,244 

As at December 31, 2020

$ 17,338  $ 

837  $ 

3,715  $ 

1,040  $ 

—  $  30,654  $  19,104  $ 72,688 

a. Collateral:

As at December 31, 2020, property, plant and equipment included $15,249 subject to a general security 
agreement  under 
(2019  -  $12,145)  and  $26,785  subject  to  a  general  security  agreement  under  the  other  secured 
borrowings (2019 - $30,022).

the  Senior  Secured  Debentures  and 

the  Convertible  Secured  Debentures               

b. Disposals:

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company disposed of assets with a cost of $3,300 (2019 
- $8,375) and accumulated depreciation of $2,142 (2019 - $6,760), for cash proceeds of $1,312 (2019 - 
$1,915), and recognized a net gain on sale of $154 (2019 - $316) and impairment loss of nil (2019 - $16).

P	A	G	E			46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
c. Right-of-use assets consist of the following:

Land and 
buildings

Furniture, tools 
and equipment

Automotive and 
heavy equipment

Total

Cost

Adoption of IFRS 16

Remeasurement

Acquisitions

Additions

Disposals

46,237   

(10,275)  

1,319   

146   

—   

69   

—   

—   

—   

—   

10,136   

—   

1,248   

1,450   

(792)  

Balance as at December 31, 2019 $ 

37,427  $ 

69  $ 

12,042  $ 

Remeasurement

Asset class transfer

Additions

Disposals

2,418   

—   

3,506   

(114)  

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(7,037)  

2,698   

(583)  

Balance as at December 31, 2020 $ 

43,237  $ 

69  $ 

7,120  $ 

Accumulated Depreciation

Adoption of IFRS 16

Disposals

Depreciation

Impairment

5,060   

—   

6,466   

1,666   

Balance as at December 31, 2019 $ 

13,192  $ 

Disposals

Depreciation

Asset class transfer

(72)  

5,594   

—   

Balance as at December 31, 2020 $ 

18,714  $ 

Net book value

As at December 31, 2019

As at December 31, 2020

$ 

$ 

24,235  $ 

24,523  $ 

—   

—   

31   

—   

31  $ 

—   

24   

—   

55  $ 

38  $ 

14  $ 

3,060   

(457)  

2,212   

—   

4,815  $ 

(398)  

2,456   

(5,871)  

1,002  $ 

56,442 

(10,275) 

2,567 

1,596 

(792) 

49,538 

2,418 

(7,037) 

6,204 

(697) 

50,425 

8,120 

(457) 

8,709 

1,666 

18,038 

(470) 

8,074 

(5,871) 

19,771 

7,227  $ 

6,118  $ 

31,500 

30,654 

During the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company exercised options to extend the terms of certain 
building  lease  agreements  representing  lease  modifications  in  accordance  with  IFRS  16,  and  therefore 
the lease liability and right-of-use assets were remeasured.

Information regarding lease liabilities can be found in Note 8.

P	A	G	E			47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

Customer 
relationships

Computer 
software

Brands

Intangible 
Total

Cost

Balance as at January 1, 2019

$ 

92,029   

83,552   

2,647   

16,142  $ 

102,341 

Additions

8,652   

4,300   

374   

345   

5,019 

Balance as at December 31, 2019 $ 

100,681  $ 

87,852  $ 

3,021  $ 

16,487  $ 

107,360 

Additions

—   

—   

335   

—   

335 

Balance as at December 31, 2020 $ 

100,681  $ 

87,852  $ 

3,356  $ 

16,487  $ 

107,695 

Amortization and impairments

Balance as at January 1, 2019

$ 

(87,732)  

(81,828)  

(2,558)  

(14,568) $ 

(98,954) 

Amortization

—   

(863)  

(145)  

(15)  

(1,023) 

Balance as at December 31, 2019 $ 

(87,732)  

(82,691)  

(2,703)  

(14,583) $ 

(99,977) 

Amortization

Impairment

—   

(1,530)  

(5,000)  

—   

(264)  

—   

(30)  

—   

(1,824) 

— 

Balance as at December 31, 2020 $ 

(92,732) $ 

(84,221) $ 

(2,967) $ 

(14,613) $ 

(101,801) 

Net book value

As at December 31, 2019

As at December 31, 2020

$ 

$ 

12,949  $ 

7,949  $ 

5,161  $ 

3,631  $ 

318  $ 

389  $ 

1,904  $ 

1,874  $ 

7,383 

5,894 

ClearStream  has  five  CGUs,  one  of  which  has  intangible  assets  with  an  indefinite  life.  Goodwill  is 
monitored  by  management  at  the  CGU  level.  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  ClearStream  Wear 
Technologies LP ("Wear") CGU had indefinite life intangible assets of $1,574 (2019 - $1,574), the Wear 
CGU had goodwill of $4,297 (2019 - $4,297), and the UWO CGU had goodwill of $3,652 (2019 - $8,652). 

ClearStream  identified  indicators  of  impairment  at  March  31,  2020  for  the  Wear  and  UWO  CGUs  as  a 
result  of  the  forecasted  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  which  has  decreased  global  demand  for  oil 
and gas, resulting in a reduction in long-term commodity price outlooks.  ClearStream’s customers’ capital 
spending budgets have been reduced in the near-term and there is significant uncertainty as to the scale 
and duration of these developments.

Management therefore performed impairment tests as at March 31, 2020 for the Wear and UWO CGUs, 
both  of  which  are  within  the  Wear  Technology  Overlay  Services  segment.    This  testing  resulted  in  the 
carrying  amount  of  the  UWO  CGU  exceeding  its  recoverable  amount  by  $5,000  and  therefore  the 
goodwill within that CGU was impaired by $5,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020.  

Based  on  the  results  of  the  impairment  test  for  the  Wear  CGU,  the  recoverable  amount  exceeded  its 
carrying amount and no impairment was required to be recorded.

On  December  31,  2020  ClearStream  performed  its  annual  impairment  test  on  indefinite  life  intangible 
assets and goodwill for both the Wear and UWO CGUs. Based on the results of this test, the Company 
concluded that the recoverable amount of each CGU approximated or exceeded its carrying amount, and 
therefore there was no further impairment.

Valuation technique

The  recoverable  amounts  of  ClearStream’s  CGUs  were  calculated  based  on  value  in  use,  which  was  
determined  through  a  discounted  cash  flow  (“DCF”)  approach  for  all  CGUs.  The  DCF  method  involves 
projecting  cash  flows  and  converting  them  into  a  present  value  equivalent  through  discounting.  The 
discounting process uses a rate of return that is commensurate with the risk associated with the business 
or asset and the time value of money. This approach requires assumptions about earnings before taxes, 
interest, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), capital expenditures, growth rates, working capital and 
discount rates.

P	A	G	E			48

 
 
 
 
 
Projected EBITDA and Capital Expenditures

Projected EBITDA and capital expenditures are based on ClearStream’s internal budget for the following 
year and take into consideration past experience, economic trends and market/industry trends at the time 
the budget is developed. The annual budget is developed during the fourth quarter of the previous year 
and is updated quarterly by senior management based on actual results; anticipated future cash flows are 
updated to reflect any subsequent changes in expected demand for products and services.

Growth rate and terminal value

ClearStream  used  projected  EBITDA  and  capital  expenditures  for  the  following  year  and  applied  a 
perpetual long-term growth rate of 2%-4% thereafter for the Wear and UWO CGUs. The perpetual growth 
rates  are  management's  estimate  of  long-term  inflation  and  productivity  growth  in  the  industry  and 
geographic locations in which it operates. 

Discount rate

ClearStream assumed post-tax discount rates of 18.5%-24.4% in order to calculate the present value of 
projected future cash flows. The discount rates represent a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for 
comparable  companies  operating  in  similar  industries  based  on  publicly  available  information  for  each 
CGU. The WACC is an estimate of the overall required rate of return on an investment for both debt and 
equity  owners  and  serves  as  the  basis  for  developing  an  appropriate  discount  rate,  adjusted  for  risks 
specific to each CGU.

5. 

Deferred consideration

On June 28, 2019, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of UWO. The total 
purchase  price  of  $16,024  included  deferred  consideration  of  $1,114  (undiscounted  -  $1,300),  which 
represents the fair value of three equal installments of $433 due on June 28, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The  
deferred consideration as at December 31, 2020 of $802 reflects the increase from acquisition date as a 
results of the passage of time less the first installment payment of $433. 

6. 

Earn-out contingent liability

On June 28, 2019, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of UWO. The total 
purchase price of $16,024 included an earn-out contingent liability of $861 (undiscounted - $1,612), which 
represented the fair value of the expected amount estimated by management at the acquisition date to be 
paid  to  the  sellers  on  June  28,  2022.  The  maximum  undiscounted  earn-out  is  $2,000.  The  earn-out 
contingent  liability  has  decreased  from  $1,234  (undiscounted  -  $2,000)  at  December  31,  2019  to  $170 
(undiscounted - $250) at December 31, 2020. The earn-out contingent liability will fluctuate depending on 
the EBITDA-based performance condition over the specified period and is therefore subject to estimation 
uncertainty.

7. 

ABL Facility and Other Borrowings

a. ABL Facility

ClearStream  has  an  asset-based  lending  facility  (the  “ABL  Facility”)  comprised  of  (i)  a  revolving  credit 
facility  providing  for  maximum  borrowings  that  range  from  $50,000  to  $65,000  depending  on  the  period 
(the “Revolving Facility”) with a syndicate of banks (the "Lenders") and (ii) a term loan facility providing for 
maximum borrowings of up to $40,500 (the “Term Loan Facility”) with Canso Investment Counsel Ltd., in 
its capacity as portfolio manager for and on behalf of certain accounts that it manages (“Canso”).

The ABL  Facility  provides  for  maximum  borrowings  under  the  Revolving  Facility  of  $65,000  during  the 
period  commencing  March  1,  2020  and  ending  September  30,  2020,  $60,000  during  the  period 
commencing  October  1,  2020  and  ending  December  31,  2020,  and  $50,000  during  the  period 
commencing  January  1,  2021  and  ending  on  the  maturity  date  of  the  Revolving  Facility. The  Revolving 
Facility matures on March 23, 2021 and the Term Loan Facility matures 180 days thereafter.

P	A	G	E			49

The  amount  available  under  the  Revolving  Facility  will  vary  from  time  to  time  based  on  the  borrowing 
base  determined  with  reference  to  the  accounts  receivable  of  the  Company.  The  Revolving  Facility 
borrowing base as at December 31, 2020 was $49,054 (December 31, 2019 - $50,000). The obligations 
under the ABL Facility are secured by, among other things, a first ranking lien on all of the existing and 
after  acquired  accounts  receivable  and  inventories  of  the  Company  and  the  other  guarantors,  being 
certain  of  the  Company's  direct  and  indirect  subsidiaries.  The  interest  rate  on  the  Revolving  Facility  is 
prime plus 2.5%, increasing to prime plus 4.0% if the Revolving Facility is more than 50% drawn.

As at December 31, 2020, nil (December 31, 2019 - $27,825) was drawn on the Revolving Facility, and 
there were $3,125 (December 31, 2019 - $2,930) of letters of credit reducing the amount available to be 
drawn.  As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  net  unamortized  amount  of  deferred  financing  costs  was  $113 
(December 31, 2019 - $883).

At December 31, 2020, $40,500 (December 31, 2019 - $40,500) was outstanding under the Term Loan 
Facility. The Term Loan Facility is required to be used for specific purposes and cannot be redrawn once 
repaid. The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility is equal to the interest rate on the Revolving Facility 
plus 2.0%.

The financial covenants applicable under the ABL Facility are as follows:

•

•

The Company must maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio equal to or greater than 1.00:1.00 for 
each  twelve  month  period  calculated  and  tested  as  of  the  last  day  of  each  fiscal  quarter 
(commencing March 31, 2020); and

The Company must not expend or become obligated for any capital expenditures in an aggregate 
amount  exceeding  $6,600  during  the  period  commencing  January  1,  2020  and  ending 
December 31, 2020, and any fiscal year thereafter.

At  December  31,  2020,  ClearStream  was  in  compliance  with  all  financial  covenants  under  the  ABL 
Facility.

On March 3, 2021, the Company received confirmation from the lead lender under the ABL Facility that it 
had agreed to extend the maturity date of the Revolving Facility to March 23, 2022. The Company and the 
lead  lender  under  the ABL  Facility  are  preparing  an  amending  agreement  to  effect  the  extension  of  the 
maturity date and certain other amendments. Due to the Company's current cash position, it was able to 
reduce  the  maximum  borrowings  available  under  the  Revolving  Facility  to  $15,000  effective  March  23, 
2021.

b. Other Secured Borrowings

On  June  26,  2019,  the  Company  received  $19,000  from  two  secured  loans  with  the  Business 
Development Bank of Canada (“BDC”) as a partial source of funds for the acquisition of certain assets of 
the production services division of AECOM Production Services Ltd. (the "AECOM PSD Business").

The  $13,500  loan  is  repayable  over  300  monthly  payments  of  $45. The  interest  rate  on  the  loan  is  the 
BDC  Floating  Base  Rate  less  1.0%.  Interest  accrues  and  is  payable  monthly.  The  Company  allocated 
$195 in deferred financing costs to this loan that will be amortized over the life of the loan.

The $5,500 loan is repayable over 72 monthly payments of $76. The interest rate on the loan is the BDC 
Floating Base Rate less 0.5%. Interest accrues and is payable monthly. The Company allocated $85 in 
deferred financing costs to this loan that will be amortized over the life of the loan. 

The loans are secured by a first security interest on the real property and equipment acquired through the 
acquisition of the AECOM PSD Business and a security interest in all other present and future property, 
subject to the priorities granted to existing lenders under the ABL Facility, senior secured debentures and 
other existing commitments. 

The  loans  require  the  Company  to  maintain  a  fixed  charge  coverage  ratio  equal  to  or  greater  than 
1.10:1.00 on annual basis.

P	A	G	E			50

On March 30, 2020, the Company signed an agreement with BDC to postpone effective May 1, 2020 all 
principal payments on the loans for a period of six months with the postponed payments being added to 
the end of loan term.  As a result, the final payment on the $13,500 loan will occur on September 2, 2045 
and the final payment on the $5,500 loan will occur on September 28, 2025.

On May 13, 2020, the Company signed an agreement with BDC to postpone all interest payments on the 
loans for a period of six months with the amount of the deferred interest being payable at the end of the 
deferral period in twelve equal consecutive monthly installments.

At  December  31,  2020,  ClearStream  was  in  compliance  with  all  financial  covenants  under  the  loan 
agreements with BDC.

c. 

Senior Secured Debentures

Balance as at January 1, 2019

Accretion

Balance as at December 31, 2019

Accretion

Debentures issued to settle interest

Balance as at December 31, 2020

$ 

$ 

96,746 

209 

96,955 

149 

8,069 

$ 

105,173 

On  March  23,  2016,  the  Company  issued  8.00%  senior  secured  debentures  due  March  23,  2026  (the 
"Senior  Secured  Debentures")  pursuant  to  a  trust  indenture  between  ClearStream,  as  issuer,  and  BNY 
Trust Company of  Canada, as debenture trustee, as amended and supplemented (the "Senior Secured 
Indenture"), on a private placement basis to Canso. On June 2, 2020, the debenture trustee was changed 
to Computershare Trust Company of Canada.

The  Senior  Secured  Debentures  bear  interest  at  an  annual  rate  of  8.00%  payable  semi‑annually  in 
arrears on June 30 and December 31 in each year. The maturity date of the Senior Secured Debentures 
is March 23, 2026. The Senior Secured Debentures are redeemable at the option of the Company and, in 
certain circumstances, are mandatorily redeemable. The Senior Secured Debentures are secured by first‑
ranking  liens  over  all  of  the  property  of  the  Company  and  its  guarantor  subsidiaries,  other  than  certain 
limited classes of collateral over which the Company has granted a prior‑ranking lien in favour of the ABL 
Facility  and  the  BDC  Facility. The  Senior  Secured  Debentures  provide  for  certain  events  of  default  and 
covenants of the Company, including financial and reporting covenants and restrictive covenants limiting 
the  ability  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  to  make  certain  distributions  and  dispositions,  incur 
indebtedness,  grant  liens  and  limitations  with  respect  to  acquisitions,  mergers,  investments,  non‑arm’s 
length transactions, reorganizations and hedging arrangements (subject to certain exceptions).

In June, 2020, Canso agreed to accept the issuance of an additional 3,956 Senior Secured Debentures 
on June 30, 2020 and 4,114 Senior Secured Debentures on December 31, 2020 at a principal amount of 
$1,000  per  Senior  Secured  Debenture  in  order  to  satisfy  the  interest  that  would  otherwise  become  due 
and payable on such dates (the “Payment in Kind Transactions”). The terms of the new Senior Secured 
Debentures issued pursuant to the Payment in Kind Transactions were the same as the existing Senior 
Secured Debentures in all material respects.  In connection with the Payment in Kind Transactions, the 
Company entered into the Fifth Supplemental Senior Secured Indenture on June 2, 2020.

8. 

Leases

a. As a lessee

The  Company  recognized  the  following  amounts  related  to  lease  liabilities  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

P	A	G	E			51

 
 
 
For the year ended December 31,

Depreciation of right-of-use assets

Interest expense on lease liabilities

Expense relating to leases of low value assets

2020

2019

$ 

8,074 

$ 

2,868 

7 

7,078 

2,555 

17 

Expense relating to variable lease payments not included in the 
measurement of the lease liability

$ 

204 

$ 

576 

Overall  the  variable  payments  constitute  up  to  3.8%  (2019  -  5.9%)  of  the  Company's  entire  lease 
payments. Variable payments are primarily based on management fees related to the use of the rented 
property.

The  total  cash  outflow  for  leases  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  was  $10,529  (December  31, 
2019 - $9,828).

Maturity analysis - contractual undiscounted cash flows

As at December 31,

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

After 2026

Total

Less: effects of discounting

Total discounted lease liabilities

Analyzed as:

Current

Non-current

b. As a lessor

$ 

10,090 

8,458 

7,410 

6,262 

4,661 

8,247 

$ 

45,129 

(8,666) 

$ 

36,462 

$ 

$ 

7,604 

28,858 

The  Company  has  entered  into  operating  lease  agreements  as  a  lessor  with  respect  to  some  of  its 
buildings that it is sub-leasing. Total income recognized from sub-leasing right-of-use assets for the year 
ending  December  31,  2020  is  $1,136  (2019  -  $1,168),  and  has  been  recorded  within  Revenue. These 
leases  do  not  include  any  variable  payments. The  undiscounted  lease  receivable  within  less  than  one 
year as at December 31, 2020 is $183.

9. 

Business combinations

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  the  Company  entered  into  two  business  combinations  to 
complement  existing  service  lines  and  further  broaden  potential  market  opportunities  resulting  in  a 
bargain  purchase  gain  of  $10,791.  The  gain  represents  the  difference  between  the  fair  value  of  the 
identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  acquired  and  the  total  purchase  price  paid  for  the AECOM  Production 
Services Division. The bargain purchase gain arose primarily due to the strategic decision of the sellers to 
exit these assets due to a variety of factors.

AECOM Production Services Division -  Asset Purchase

On June 28, 2019,  the Company acquired  certain assets of the production services division of AECOM 
Production Services Ltd. (the "AECOM PSD Business"), a leading provider of mechanical, electrical and 
instrumentation  services  to  upstream,  midstream  and  downstream  operators  across  Canada.  The 

P	A	G	E			52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
acquired assets include equipment and properties located throughout Alberta, as well as rights to the Flint 
brand in Canada. 

The total purchase price was $40,546 cash, net of a post-closing working capital adjustment.

Universal Weld Overlay Inc. ("UWO") - Share Purchase

On  June  28,  2019,  the  Company  acquired  100%  of  the  issued  and  outstanding  shares  of  UWO,  a 
privately  held  specialty  weld  overlay  fabricator  that  provides  customers  with  protection  of  pre-fabricated 
components  across  the  oil  and  gas,  pulp  and  paper,  petrochemical,  power,  pipeline,  mining,  subsea, 
aerospace  and  pressure  vessel  fabrication  sectors. The  transaction  is  expected  to  complement  existing 
service lines in addition to expanding the Company’s offerings to customers.

The total purchase price for UWO of $16,024 consisted of four components, including:

•

•

•

•

Cash of $11,997;

Deferred consideration of $1,114 (undiscounted - $1,300), which represents the fair value of three 
equal instalments of $433 due on June 28, 2020, 2021 and 2022;

Working capital adjustment of $2,052, which is not included in deferred consideration; 

Earn-out  contingent  liability  of  $861  (undiscounted  -  $1,612),  which  represents  the  fair  value  of 
the expected payout to the sellers on June 28, 2022, based on management’s best estimate of 
performance against agreed targets for average three-year EBITDA (as defined in the purchase 
and sale agreement). The maximum undiscounted earn-out is $2,000.

During  the  twelve  months  ending  December  31,  2019,  the  Company  recognized  $373  and  $44  in 
accretion  expense  related  to  the  earn-out  contingent  liability  and  deferred  consideration,  respectively, 
recorded under interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Loss, as well as $2,798 in transaction 
costs on both transactions recorded under restructuring expense on the Consolidated Statement of Loss.

Cost of Acquisition

Cash

Deferred consideration

Working capital adjustment

Earn-out contingent liability

Total

AECOM PSD

UWO

$ 

42,036  $ 

11,997  $ 

—

(1,490)

—

1,114

2,052

861

Total

54,033 

1,114

562

861

$ 

40,546  $ 

16,024  $ 

56,570 

P	A	G	E			53

Identifiable Assets Acquired & Liabilities Assumed

Cash

Accounts receivable

Inventories

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Deferred revenue

Deferred tax liability

Property, plant and equipment

Goodwill and intangible assets

Lease liabilities

Bargain purchase gain

Total

Bargain purchase gain

AECOM PSD

$ 

—  $ 

36,191

—

(13,592)

(428)

(2,822) 

34,021

—

(2,033)

(10,791) 

UWO

275  $ 

4,343

125

Total

275 

40,534

125

(1,692)

(15,284)

—

(1,295)

1,550

13,252

(534)

(428)

(4,117)

35,571

13,252

(2,567)

—

(10,791)

$ 

40,546  $ 

16,024  $ 

56,570 

The bargain purchase gain of $10,791 from the acquisition of the AECOM PSD Business represents the 
difference between the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired and the total purchase 
price  paid  for  the  AECOM  PSD  Business.  The  bargain  purchase  gain  has  arisen  primarily  due  to  the 
strategic decision of the sellers to exit these assets due to a variety of factors.

Goodwill 

The goodwill of $8,652 recognized as part of the UWO acquisition is mainly attributed to expected future 
revenue growth, future market development and synergies expected from the integration of UWO into the 
operations of the Company.

Impact on Operations 

During the twelve months ending December 31, 2019, the AECOM PSD Business contributed $79,225 in 
revenues and $6,796 in earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization in the results of the 
Company. If the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2019, management estimates that the AECOM 
PSD  Business  would  have  contributed  $131,868  to  twelve  month  pro  forma  revenue  and  $11,200  to 
twelve  month  pro  forma  earnings  before  interest,  tax,  depreciation,  and  amortization.  The  pro  forma 
information  is  not  necessarily  indicative  of  the  results  of  operations  that  would  have  resulted  had  the 
acquisition been effective on the date indicated, or of future results.

During the twelve months ending December 31, 2019, UWO contributed $4,678 in revenues and $1,662 
in  earnings  before  interest,  tax,  depreciation,  and  amortization  in  the  results  of  the  Company.  If  the 
acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2019, management estimates that the UWO operations would 
have  contributed  $12,018  to  twelve  month  pro  forma  revenue  and  $4,494  to  twelve  month  pro  forma 
earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization. The pro forma information is not necessarily 
indicative of the results of operations that would have resulted had the acquisition been effective on the 
date indicated, or of future results.

P	A	G	E			54

 
 
10. 

Revenue

The following are amounts for each significant category of revenue recognized during the years ended 
December 31, 2020 and 2019:

For the year ended December 31,

Rendering of services

Sales of goods

Total revenue

11. 

Selling, general & administrative expenses

For the year ended December 31,

Salaries & benefits

Occupancy and office costs

Professional fees
Travel & advertising

Insurance

Total

12.  

Interest expense

2020

2019

$ 

$ 

345,154  $ 

399,455 

47,967  $ 

64,797 

393,121  $ 

464,252 

2020

2019

$ 

16,962  $ 

17,808 

2,092   

2,364   
876   

1,692   

1,990 

3,316 
1,738 

1,388 

$ 

23,986  $ 

26,240 

For the year ended December 31,

2020

2019

Interest expense on senior secured debentures

$ 

8,069  $ 

Interest expense on ABL facility

Interest expense on lease liabilities

Deferred financing costs amortized

Interest expense - other

Interest expense on other secured borrowings

Accretion expense

Interest expense on convertible secured debentures

5,812   

2,868   

1,356   

150   

744   

29   

—   

7,911 

4,785 

3,419 

1,822 

129 

502 

1,362 

58 

Total interest expense

$ 

19,028  $ 

19,989 

P	A	G	E			55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.  

Income taxes

The reconciliation of statutory income tax rates to ClearStream’s effective tax rate is as follows:

For the year ended December 31,

Loss from continuing operations before tax

Tax rate

Income tax recovery at statutory rates

Permanent differences

Change in rates on temporary differences

Deferred tax asset not recognized

Income tax (recovery) expense

2020

2019

2,194 

$ 

(9,560) 

 24.50 %

 26.74 %

537 

$ 

(2,556) 

$ 

$ 

619 

381 

(2,812) 

$ 

(1,275)  $ 

(2,226) 

5,311 

(3,437) 

(2,908) 

The statutory rate declined from 26.74% to 24.50% due to the reduction of the Alberta income tax rates 
from 11% to 10% starting on January 1, 2020 and then 8% starting on on July 1, 2020.

Deferred income taxes have been recognized at December 31, 2020 and 2019 in respect of the following 
temporary differences:

As at December 31,

Property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets

Senior secured debentures

Non-capital losses

Deferred tax liability

2020

2019

$ 

(34,105)  $ 

(22,070) 

— 

— 

34,105 

(2,365) 

(3,731) 

26,956 

$ 

— 

$ 

(1,210) 

A deferred tax asset has not been recognized in respect of the following deductible temporary differences:

As at December 31,

Intangible Assets

Senior secured debentures

Non-capital loss carryforward

Net capital loss carryforward

Lease liabilities

Other

2020

$ 

10,263  $ 

4,487   

2019

— 

— 

48,618   

107,346 

80,606   

36,462   

4,662   

70,848 

36,034 

6,522 

Unrecognized deductible temporary differences

$ 

185,098  $ 

220,750 

A deferred tax asset has been recognized in respect of $34,105 of non-capital losses and a deferred tax 
asset  has  not  been  recognized  in  respect  of  $48,618  of  non-capital  losses.  The  total  of  $82,723  non-
capital losses begin to expire in 2035.

ClearStream  has  approximately  $80,606  of  net  capital  losses  that  have  not  been  recognized  in  the 
consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $70,848). There is no expiry of capital 
losses.

14.  

Income from government subsidies

Income from government subsidies represents the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy ("CEWS") and the 
Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy ("CERS") received from the Government of Canada to assist with the 
payment  of  employee  wages  and  rent  as  a  result  of  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  During  the 
year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  qualified  for  both  CEWS  and  CERS  and  recorded  total 

P	A	G	E			56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
grants of $33,521 in the Consolidated Interim Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income 
(Loss). 

As at December 31, 2020, included in accounts receivable was $663 of accrued income from government 
subsidies.

15. 

Share capital and loss per share

The authorized share capital of the Company consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares, and 
(ii) preferred shares issuable in series to be limited in number to an amount equal to not more than one 
half of the issued and outstanding common shares at the time of issuance of such preferred shares. 

As of December 31, 2020, issued and outstanding share capital included 109,992,668 common shares, 
127,735 Series 1 preferred shares, and 40,111 Series 2 preferred shares.

The following table summarizes the number of preferred and common shares.

(in thousands, except number of shares and per 
share amounts)
Balance as at January 1, 2019

Issued

Converted to Common shares

Balance as at December 31, 2019

Balance as at December 31, 2020

Preferred Shares
Series I

Preferred Shares
Series II

Common Shares

127,753

—

(18)

127,735

127,735

—

109,941,241

40,111

—

40,111

40,111

—

51,427

109,992,668

109,992,668

The  Series  1  and  Series  2  Preferred  Shares  have  a  10%  fixed  cumulative  preferential  cash  dividend 
payable  when  the  Company  shall  have  sufficient  monies  to  be  able  to  do  so,  including  under  the 
provisions of applicable law and contracts affecting the Company. The board of directors of the Company 
does not intend to declare or pay any cash dividends until such time as the Company’s balance sheet and 
liquidity  position  supports  the  payment.  Any  accrued  and  unpaid  dividends  are  convertible  in  certain 
circumstances at the option of the holder into additional Series 1 and Series 2 Preferred Shares.

As  at  December  31,  2020,  the  accrued  and  unpaid  dividends  on  the  Series  I  and  Series  II  preferred 
shares totaled $43,102 (2019 - $26,300).  Assuming that the holders of the preferred shares exercise the 
right to convert such accrued and unpaid dividends into additional preferred shares and then convert such 
preferred  shares  into  common  shares,  approximately  166,463,401  (2019  -  89,851,880)  common  shares 
would be issued, which represents approximately 151% (2019 - 82%) of the common shares outstanding 
as of December 31, 2020.

In  addition,  Holders  of  the  Series  1  and  Series  2  Preferred  Shares  have  the  right,  at  their  option,  to 
convert their Preferred Shares into Common Shares at a price of $0.35 and $0.10 per Common Share, 
respectively, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The Series 1 and Series 2 Preferred Shares 
are redeemable by the Company for cash at 110% of the purchase price for such shares, plus accrued 
but unpaid dividends, once all of the outstanding Senior Secured Debentures have been repaid and are 
subject to repayment in the event of certain change of control transactions.

Based upon the conversion rights of the Series 1 and Series 2 Preferred Shares there could be significant 
dilution to the current holders of Common Shares. Up to approximately 766,067,000 (2019 - 766,067,000) 
additional  Common  Shares  would  be  issuable  upon  conversion  of  the  face  amount  of  the  Preferred 
Shares  into  Common  Shares,  representing  approximately  697%  (2019  -  697%)  of  the  Common  Shares 
outstanding as of December 31, 2020.

As the terms of the preferred shares do not create an unavoidable obligation to pay cash, the preferred 
shares are accounted for within shareholders’ deficit, net of transaction costs.

P	A	G	E			57

(in thousands, except number of shares and per share amounts)

2020

2019

Net income (loss) - basic and diluted

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted

Net income (loss) per common shares - basic and diluted

$ 

$ 

3,496  $ 

(4,712) 

109,992,668

109,944,607

0.03  $ 

(0.04) 

The  only  potentially  dilutive  securities  as  at  December  31,  2020  were  the  preferred  shares  and  stock 
options. All potentially dilutive securities were anti-dilutive for the year ended December 31, 2020.

16. 

Restructuring costs

Restructuring costs of $2,641 were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 - $8,361). 
The  2020  non-recurring  restructuring  costs  are  primarily  related  to  the  right  sizing  of  our  SG&A  cost 
structures  to  mitigate  the  COVID-19  pandemic  impacts  including  severance,  office,  and  corporate  legal 
structure  consolidation  costs.  The  2019  non-recurring  restructuring  costs  are  primarily  related  to  the 
acquisitions  of  the  AECOM  PSD  Business  and  UWO,  which  closed  on  June  28,  2019,  as  well  as  the 
closure of two business locations, severance and growth initiatives.

17. 

Share-based compensation and other long-term incentive plans

a. Stock options

The Company’s IOP allows for the issuance of stock options to employees, consultants and directors of 
the  Company.  The  options  vest  based  on  service  requirements  over  either  two-year  or  three-year 
periods;  the  options  expire  five  years  from  the  date  of  grant.  The  summary  of  stock  option  activity  is 
presented below:

Balance as at January 1, 2019

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2020 and 2019

Exercisable as at December 31, 2020

Number of 
stock options

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

1,830,000   

(200,000)  

1,630,000   

—   

0.28 

0.28 

0.28 

— 

The  options  outstanding  at  December  31,  2020  have  a  weighted  average  remaining  contractual  life  of 
1.1 years (2019 – 2.1 years).  For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized nil of 
share-based compensation expense relating to stock options (2019 – $4).

b. Cumulative Value Creation Unit

The Board of Directors approved the Cumulative Value Creation Unit (“CVCU”) Plan on June 19, 2019.

CVCUs provide eligible participants with a cash settlement based on the calculation of cumulative value 
creation,  which  represents  the  increase  in  the  value  of  the  Company's  equity  over  a  specified  period. 
CVCUs vest based on service requirements three years after the start of the performance period. Each 
CVCU  has  a  value  of  $1,000.  The  number  of  CVCUs  that  will  vest  depends  on  an  EBITDA-based 
performance condition and is therefore subject to estimation uncertainty.

CVCUs are settled in cash and payable within one month following approval of the Company’s annual 
financial statements for the final fiscal year in the performance period.

The carrying amount of nil (December 31, 2019 - $1,109) is recorded as accounts payable and accrued 
liabilities, and represents the net present value of future cash payments expected to be earned under the 
program  based  on  management’s  best  estimate  of  EBITDA  over  the  performance  period,  adjusted  for 

P	A	G	E			58

 
 
 
 
the  portion  of  the  performance  period  that  has  been  completed.  The  fair  value  of  the  CVCUs 
approximates their intrinsic value as the awards have no exercise price. 

c. Restricted Share Units 

RSUs vest based on service requirements over either two-year or three-year periods and are settled in 
cash by multiplying the numbers of units with the Company’s share price based on the volume weighted-
average trading price for the five trading days preceding the vesting date  of the award. The fair value of 
the RSUs is based on the market value of the Company’s common shares at the reporting date.  As at 
December 31, 2020 the intrinsic value of the RSUs outstanding was nil (2019 - $90).

The following table summarizes the units outstanding:

Balance as at January 1, 2019

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2019

Forfeited

Balance as at December 31, 2020

Exercisable as at December 31, 2020

RSUs

3,620,000 

— 

3,620,000 

(3,620,000) 

— 

— 

ClearStream’s  five  day  weighted  average  closing  share  price  at  December  31,  2020  was  $0.025         
(2019  -  $0.055).    RSUs  had  fully  vested  as  of  December  31,  2020.  For  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2020, a recovery of $18 (2019 - $90 expense) of share-based compensation was recognized relating to 
RSUs.

18. 

Related party disclosures

a. Termination benefits

On  June  27,  2019,  $1,373  was  recognized  in  selling,  general  &  administrative  expenses  in  connection 
with the termination benefits, representing the fair value of expected payments to a Director in connection 
with  the  past  service  as  an  executive  officer.  Under  the  agreement,  the  Director  will  receive  quarterly 
payments  from  June  30,  2019  to  December  31,  2021. At  December  31,  2020  $476  (2019  -  $916)  was 
included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

b. Compensation for key management personnel

ClearStream’s key management personnel are comprised of officers and directors. The remuneration for 
these key management personnel during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

For the year ended December 31,

Short-term employment benefits

Share-based compensation

Termination benefits

Total compensation

2020

2019

$ 

$ 

5,511  $ 

—   

—   

5,511  $ 

3,989 

1,162 

1,413 

6,564 

19. 

Financial instruments and risk management

Financial  instruments  consist  of  cash,  accounts  receivable,  bank  indebtedness,  accounts  payable, ABL 
Facility,  senior  secured  debentures,  other  secured  borrowings,  deferred  consideration  and  earn-out 
liability. 

P	A	G	E			59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a. Risk management

ClearStream’s  Board  of  Directors  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  establishment  and  oversight  of 
ClearStream’s  risk  management 
to  credit  risk,customer 
concentration risk, and liquidity risk. 

framework.  ClearStream  has  exposure 

i. Credit risk

The Company has exposure to credit risk, which is the risk of financial loss to ClearStream if a customer 
or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from 
ClearStream’s  accounts  receivable.  The  following  table  outlines  ClearStream’s  maximum  exposure  to 
credit risk:

As at December 31,

Cash

Restricted cash

Accounts receivable

Total

2020

2019

$ 

30,477  $ 

—   

89,508   

$ 

119,985  $ 

7,109 

805 

138,638 

146,551 

Cash is held at Canadian Schedule A Banks and is therefore considered low credit risk.

ClearStream  has  a  credit  policy  under  which  each  new  customer  is  analyzed  individually  for 
creditworthiness before standard payment terms and conditions are offered.  ClearStream’s exposure to 
credit  risk  with  its  customers  is  influenced  mainly  by  the  individual  characteristics  of  each  customer.  
When available, ClearStream reviews credit bureau ratings, bank accounts and financial information for 
each  new  customer.    ClearStream’s  customers  are  primarily  Canadian  energy  companies  engaged  in 
upstream, midstream and downstream activities, all of which have strong creditworthiness.   

Of  the  total  balance  of  accounts  receivable  at  December  31,  2020,  $73,704  (December  31,  2019  - 
$99,305)  related  to  trade  receivables  and  $15,804  (December  31,  2019  -  $39,333)  related  to  accrued 
revenue (i.e. for work performed but not yet invoiced).

Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and generally due on 30-90 day terms.  As at December 31, 
2020,  approximately  $5,884  of  ClearStream’s  trade  receivables  had  been  outstanding  longer  than  90 
days  (December  31,  2019  -  $5,856).  Subsequent  to  December  31,  2020,  $2,938  of  the  $5,884  over  90 
days  was  collected.  Management  has  fully  evaluated  the  outstanding  receivables  as  at  December  31, 
2020 and has determined that the lifetime expected credit losses of the trade receivables was immaterial 
at this time.

ii. Customer concentration risk

Revenues  of  ClearStream  are  concentrated,  with  its  top  three  customers  representing  24.9%  of 
consolidated revenue (2019 – 39.1%) and 26.3% of the consolidated accounts receivable for ClearStream 
(2019 – 24%).  More specifically, ClearStream’s largest customer within the Maintenance & Construction 
operating segment accounted for 10.3% or $40,309 of ClearStream’s consolidated revenue for the year 
ended December 31, 2020 (2019 – 19.7% or $91,365).

iii. Liquidity risk

Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  ClearStream  will  not  be  able  to  meet  its  financial  obligations  as  they  come 
due. ClearStream’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have 
sufficient  liquidity  to  meet  its  liabilities  when  due,  under  both  normal  and  stressed  conditions,  without 
incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to its reputation. 

P	A	G	E			60

 
 
The  table  below  summarizes  the  contractual  maturity  profile  of  the  ClearStream's  financial  liabilities  at 
December 31, 2020, on an undiscounted basis:

Total

 Less than 
One Year 

 One to Five 
Years 

After Five 
Years

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 

34,614  $ 

34,614  $ 

—  $ 

Deferred consideration

Earn-out contingent liability

ABL facility

Lease liabilities

Other secured borrowings

Senior secured debentures

866   

250   

40,626   

45,129   

17,905   

106,997   

433   

—   

40,626   

10,090   

1,457   

—   

433   

250   

—   

— 

— 

— 

— 

26,792   

5,784   

8,247 

10,665 

—   

106,997 

Total

$ 

246,386  $ 

87,219  $ 

33,259  $ 

125,908 

ClearStream’s strategy is that long-term debt should always form part of its capital structure, assuming an 
appropriate cost. As existing debt approaches maturity, ClearStream will replace it with new debt, convert 
it into equity or refinance or restructure, depending on the state of the capital markets at the time. 

ClearStream  manages  its  liquidity  risk  by  continuously  monitoring  forecast  and  actual  gross  profit  and 
cash flows from operations. 

The Company anticipates that its liquidity (cash on hand and available credit facilities) and cash flow from 
operations will be sufficient to meet its short-term contractual obligations and to maintain compliance with 
its financial covenants through December 31, 2021.  

20. 

Supplemental cash flow information

a. 

Changes in non-cash working capital

As at December 31,

Accounts receivables

Inventories

Prepaid expenses

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Provision

2020

2019

$ 

49,130  $ 

(38,388) 

2,854   

75   

(22,858)  

(885)  

(3,880) 

4,115 

16,039 

— 

Total changes in non-cash balances

$ 

28,316  $ 

(22,114) 

P	A	G	E			61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b. 

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities 

ABL facility

Lease 
liabilities

Senior and 
convertible 
secured 
debentures

Other 
secured 
borrowings

Total liabilities 
from financing 
activities

Balance as at January 1, 2019 $ 

32,322  $ 

5,326  $ 

97,598  $ 

—  $ 

135,246 

Borrowings

Deferred financing

Repayment

Adoption of IFRS 16
Extinguishment of debt, net of 
deferred financing fees

Accretion
Balance as at December 31, 
2019

Borrowings

Repayments
Interest settled for additional 
senior secured debentures

Non-cash changes
Balance as at December 31, 
2020

35,374   

(254)  

—   

—   

—   

—   

1,609   

—   

(9,831)  

38,930   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(858)  

215   

19,000   

55,983 

(280)  

(459)  

—   

—   

360   

(534) 

(10,290) 

38,930 

(858) 

575 

$ 

67,442  $ 

36,034  $ 

96,955  $ 

18,621  $ 

219,052 

—   

(26,942)  

—   

126   

8,752   

(8,091)  

—   

(233)  

—   

—   

8,069   

149   

—   

8,752 

(827)  

(35,860) 

—   

(91)  

8,069 

(49) 

$ 

40,626  $ 

36,462  $ 

105,173  $ 

17,703  $ 

199,964 

21. 

Segment information

The  Company  has  organized  the  business  around  differences  in  products  and  services  provided  to 
customers.  All  or  substantially  all  of  ClearStream’s  operations,  assets  and  employees  are  located  in 
Canada.   

ClearStream  has  five  operating  segments,  which  are  aggregated  into  two  reportable  segments,  as 
follows:

•

•

The  Maintenance  and  Construction  Services  segment  is  a  fully  integrated  provider  of 
maintenance  and  construction  services  to  the  energy  industry.  This  segment  provides 
maintenance  services,  welding,  fabrication,  machining,  construction,  turnaround  services,  and  a 
resource/labour  supply  to  Canadian  energy  companies  engaged  in  upstream,  midstream  and 
downstream  activities.  The  Maintenance  and  Construction  reportable  segment  consists  of  the 
Union and Non-union operating segments as well as the Environmental operating segment on the 
basis of the similarities in their service offerings, customers and business environment.

The  Wear  Technology  Overlay  Services  segment  specializes  in  the  supply  and  fabrication  of 
overlay  pipe  spools,  pipe  bends,  wear  plates  and  vessels  for  corrosion  and  abrasion  resistant 
applications across various end markets. This reportable segment consists of the Wear and UWO 
CGUs on the basis of similarities in their service offerings, customers and technologies.

In addition to the reportable operating segments, the Corporate division is a standard head office function, 
which deals with strategic planning, corporate communications, taxes, legal, marketing, finance, financing 
(including interest expense), human resources and information technology for the entire organization.

The  Eliminations  column  includes  adjustments  required  to  account  for  joint  ventures  as  equity 
investments,  and  eliminations  of  inter-divisional  transactions.  ClearStream  accounts  for  inter-segment 
sales based on transaction price.

P	A	G	E			62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For year ended December 31, 2020

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Selling, general & administrative expenses
Share-based compensation and other long-
term incentive plans recovery

Amortization of intangible assets

Depreciation expense

Income from equity investment

Interest expense

Restructuring expense

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill

Recovery of contingent consideration liability
Gain (loss) on sale of property, plant and 
equipment

Income from government subsidies

Income (loss) before taxes

Income tax recovery - current

Income tax recovery - deferred

Maintenance 
and 
Construction 
Services

Wear 
Technology 
Overlay 
services

Corporate Eliminations

Total

$ 

361,816  $ 

33,406  $ 

—  $ 

(2,101) $ 393,121 

(333,776)  

(27,760)  

28,040   

(671)  

—   

(261)  

—   

—   

5,646   

(544)  

(22,771)  

—   

1,127   

(1,563)  

—   

(8,888)  

(3,410)  

(2,639)  

1 

(1,273)  

(501)  

—   

—   

615   

29,078   

46,140   

—   

—   

—  

—   

(374)  

(17,381)  

(41)  

(2,099)  

(5,000)  

—   

—   

1,121   

(359)  

(102)  

2,484   

1,959   

(3,161)  

(40,785)  

—   

—   

65   

1,210   

2,101    (359,435) 

—    33,686 

—   

(23,986) 

—   

—   

1,127 

(1,824) 

—   

(14,937) 

—   

1 

—   

(19,028) 

—   

—   

—   

(2,641) 

(5,000) 

1,121 

—   

154 

—    33,521 

—   

—   

—   

2,194 

65 

1,210 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

$ 

46,140  $ 

(3,161) $  (39,510) $ 

—  $  3,469 

For year ended December 31, 2019

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative expenses
Share-based compensation and other long-
term incentive plans expense

Amortization of intangible assets

Depreciation expense

Interest expense

Restructuring expense

Impairment of right-of-use assets

Recovery of contingent consideration liability

Bargain purchase gain
Gain on remeasurement of right-of-use 
assets

Gain on sale property, plant and equipment

Maintenance 
and 
Construction 
Services

Wear 
Technology 
Overlay 
services

Corporate Eliminations

Total

$ 

407,119  $ 

61,026  $ 

—  $ 

(3,894) $ 464,251 

(375,051)  

(42,699)  

18,327   

—   

—   

3,894    (413,856) 

—   

50,395 

(585)  

(24,645)  

—   

(26,240) 

—   

(1,162)  

(881)  

—   

—   

—   

(1,162) 

(1,023) 

(7,699)  

(4,003)  

(2,164)  

—   

(13,867) 

(1,597)  

(590)  

(17,802)  

—   

(19,989) 

(856)  

(1,379)  

(6,124)  

(1,680)  

623   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(8,359) 

(1,680) 

623 

—    10,791   

—   

10,791 

—   

—   

127   

—   

—   

—   

127 

316 

32,068   

(1,010)  

—   

(142)  

—   

—   

—   

—   

316   

Income from equity investment

509 

—  

—   

—   

509 

Income (loss) income before taxes

21,587   

9,832   

(40,980)  

—   

(9,560) 

Income tax recovery - deferred

—   

—   

2,908   

—   

2,908 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

$ 

21,587  $ 

9,832  $  (38,072) $ 

—  $ 

(6,652) 

P	A	G	E			63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE	INFORMATION

BOARD	OF	DIRECTORS
Sean	McMaster	(1)	(2)
Chair	of	the	Board
Jordan	Bitove	(2)	(3)
Director
H.	Fraser	Clarke	(1)	(2)
Director
Karl	Johannson	(1)	(2)	(3)	
Director
Dean	MacDonald	(3)
Director

Yves	Paletta
Director

Notes:

(1) Member	of	the	Audit	Committee
(2) Member	of	the	Corporate	Governance	and	Compensation	Committee
(3) Member	of	the	Health,	Safety	and	Environment	Committee

HEAD	OFFICE
ClearStream	Energy	Services	Inc.
Intact	Place,	East	Tower
1650,	311	–	6th	Avenue	S.W.
Calgary,	Alberta	T2P	3H2
T:	587-318-0997
F:	587-475-2181
www.clearstreamenergy.ca

BANKERS
Bank	of	Montreal
Alberta	Treasury	Branches

AUDITORS
Ernst	&	Young	LLP

OFFICERS
Yves	Paletta
Chief	Executive	Officer

Randy	Watt
Chief	Financial	Officer

Neil	Wotton
Chief	Operating	Officer

Barry	Card
Chief	Commercial	Officer

Murray	Desrosiers
Senior	Vice	President	and	General	Counsel

Deloris	Hetherington
Vice	President,	Human	Resources

Angela	Martens
Vice	President,	Finance	and	Corporate	
Controlling
Brad	Naeth
Vice	President,	Wear	Technology	Overlay

Herb	Thomas
Vice	President,	Operations	(Flint)

Angela	Thompson
Vice	President,	Project	Services

Clint	Tisnic
Vice	President,	Operational	Finance

LEGAL	COUNSEL
Blake,	Cassels	&	Graydon	LLP
McCarthy	Tetrault	LLP

TRANSFER	AGENT
Computershare	Investor	Services	Inc.

EXCHANGE	LISTING
Toronto	Stock	Exchange
Symbol:	CSM

P	A	G	E			64