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Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

coda · NASDAQ Industrials
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Sector Industrials
Industry Aerospace & Defense
Employees 103
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FY2019 Annual Report · Coda Octopus Group, Inc.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-38154

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

34-200-8348
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

3300 S Hiawassee Rd, Suite 104-105, Orlando, Florida, 32835
(Address, Including Zip Code of Principal Executive Offices)

801.973.9136
(Issuer’s telephone number)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE PER SHARE

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
NONE

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by  check  mark  if  disclosure  of  delinquent  filers  pursuant  to  Item  405  of  Regulation  S-K  (229.405  of  this  chapter)  is  not  contained herein,  and  will  not  be
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements  incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment
to this Form 10-K. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.

Large accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer [  ]

Accelerated filer [  ]
Smaller reporting company [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

State issuer’s revenues for its most recent fiscal year: $25,056,934

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity
was  last  sold,  or  the  average bid  and  asked  price  of  such  common  equity,  as  of April  30,  2019,  representing  the  last  business  day  of  the  registrant’s  most  recently
completed second fiscal quarter: approximately $51,236,000.

State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: 10,721,881 as of January 27, 2020.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGIST RANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY

SECURITIES

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15.

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

SIGNATURES

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to in this annual report as
the  Securities Act,  and  Section  21E  of  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  which  we  refer  to  in  this  annual  report  as  the  Exchange Act.  Forward-looking
statements are not statements of historical fact but rather reflect our current expectations, estimates and predictions about future results and events. These statements may use
words  such  as  “anticipate,”  “believe,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “intend,”  “predict,”  “project”  and  similar  expressions  as  they  relate  to  us  or  our  management.  When  we  make
forward-looking statements, we are basing them on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, using information currently available to us. These forward-looking statements
are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including but not limited to, risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed in this annual report. Factors that can cause or
contribute to these differences include those described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

If  one  or  more  of  these  or  other  risks  or  uncertainties  materialize,  or  if  our  underlying  assumptions  prove  to  be  incorrect,  actual  results  may  vary  materially  from  what  we
projected. Any  forward-looking  statement  you  read  in  this  annual  report  reflects  our  current  views  with  respect  to  future  events  and  is  subject  to  these  and  other  risks,
uncertainties  and  assumptions  relating  to  our  operations,  results  of  operations,  growth  strategy  and  liquidity. All  subsequent  written  and  oral  forward-looking  statements
attributable to us, or individuals acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. You should specifically consider the factors identified in this
annual report, which would cause actual results to differ before making an investment decision. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the
date of this annual report or to conform these statements to actual results.

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 ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

 PART I

Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (“Coda” “the Company” or “we”), through its wholly owned subsidiaries, operates two distinct businesses:

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●

the Marine Technology Business (“also referred to as “Products Segment”); and

the Marine Engineering Business (“also referred to as “Services Segment”).

Our  Marine  Technology  Business  is  a  technology  solution  provider  to  the  subsea  market  that  owns  key  proprietary  technology  for  commercial  and  defense  applications.  It
designs, develops, manufactures and sells solutions for the subsea market including our range of flagship volumetric real time sonar solutions. All of our products are designed,
developed and manufactured within the Company. These solutions/products are used primarily in the underwater construction market, offshore wind energy industry (offshore
renewables),  and  offshore  oil  and  gas,  complex  dredging,  port  security,  mining  and  marine  sciences  sectors.  Our  customers  include  service  providers  to  major  oil  and  gas
(“O&G”) companies, renewable companies, underwater construction companies, law enforcement agencies, ports, mining companies, defense bodies, research institutes and
universities.

Our Marine Engineering Business is a supplier of embedded solutions and sub-assemblies which are sold into mission critical integrated defense systems such as the Close-In-
Weapons System (CIWS). The Services Segment established its business in 1977 and has been supporting a number of significant defense programs for over 30 years, including
Raytheon’s CIWS and Northrop Grumman’s Mine Hunting Systems Program. The Services Segment’s business model entails designing small runs of prototypes for defense
programs which typically lead to contracts for the manufacture, repair and upgrade of these parts. For the parts they supply into these programs they are sole source providers.
This business model ensures recurring and long tail revenues since we continue to supply parts to these programs typically for the life of the program. Coda Octopus Colmek,
Inc. qualifies as a small business and as such works on larger programs with the prime defense contractors.

A  significant  part  of  our  revenues  from  the  Marine  Engineering  Business  is  highly  concentrated  and  emanates  from  a  small  number  of  prime  defense  contractors  such  as
Raytheon or Northrop. In any one year, up to 20% of our revenues are derived from these customers either alone or collectively.

The Services Segment operates through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. (“Colmek”) based in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Coda Octopus Martech
Limited (“Martech”) based in the United Kingdom.

Our  Products  and  Services  Segments  have  established  synergies  in  terms  of  customers  and  specialized  engineering  skills  set  for  robust,  rugged  and  repeated  engineering
solutions relating to data acquisition, data computation and display of the data. Increasingly drawing on each part of the business strengths, they work jointly on projects.

Our corporate structure is as follows:

Corporate History

The Company began as Coda Technologies Limited. This company now operates under the name Coda Octopus Products Limited, a United Kingdom corporation formed in
1994  as  a  start-up  company  with  its  origins  as  a  research  group  at  Herriot-Watt  University,  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Initially,  its  operations  consisted  primarily  of  developing
software for subsea mapping and visualization using sidescan sonar (a technology widely used in commercial offshore geophysical survey and naval mine-hunting to detect
objects on, and textures of, the surface of the seabed).

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In June 2002, we acquired Octopus Marine Systems Ltd, a UK corporation, and changed our name to Coda Octopus Limited. At the time of its acquisition, Octopus Marine
Systems was producing geophysical products broadly similar to those of Coda, but targeted at the less sophisticated, easy-to-use, “work-horse” market. The Octopus Marine
Systems acquisition led to the introduction of the Motion product (F180® series) into the Products Segment.

In  December  2002,  Coda  Octopus  Ltd  acquired  OmniTech AS,  a  Norwegian  company,  which  became  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company  and  which  subsequently
changed its name to Coda Octopus R&D AS. OmniTech owned the patents to a “method for producing a 3-D Image” (which has now expired). At the time of acquisition, this
company  had  been  engaged  for  over  ten  years  in  developing  a  revolutionary  imaging  and  visualization  sonar  technology  capable  of  producing  real  time  three-dimensional
(“3D”) underwater images for use in subsea activities. Coda Octopus Products Limited (Edinburgh) then developed the visualization software to control and display the images
from the real time 3D sonar. This patented technology is now marketed by us under the name “Echoscope ®”. We believe that this technology is superior to the other imaging
sonars in the market as it generates real time 3D images of the underwater environment irrespective of low or zero visibility conditions and, unlike conventional sonars, can
image a volume (as opposed to a slice of data) and subsea moving objects. There are a number of patents around this technology and as we continue to innovate around our 4th
and  5th  generation  products,  we  continue  to  file  significant  patent  applications.  Currently,  a  substantial  part  of  our  R&D  efforts  is  focused  on  further  innovation  and
development  of  this  technology. All  of  our  research,  development  and  manufacturing  relating  to  our  sonar  products  is  conducted  by  our  Edinburgh  based  subsidiary,  Coda
Octopus Products Limited.

Revenues from our Products Segment are now mainly generated from our real time 3D sonar products including hardware, software, accessories (such as integrated rotators to
automatically  move  the  sonars  covering  a  wider  viewing  area)  and  associated  services  such  as  training,  on-site  support  and  ongoing  technical  support  (via Annual  Support
Subscription or our Through Life Support Program). For breakdown of our revenues, please see Note 12 of our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal years
ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 (“Segment Analysis”).

On  July  13,  2004,  the  Company  effected  a  reverse  merger  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  a  share  exchange  agreement  between  The  Panda  Project,  Inc.  (“Panda”),  a  Florida
corporation, and a now defunct entity affiliated with Coda Octopus Ltd. (“Coda Parent”). Panda acquired the shares of Coda Octopus Limited, a UK corporation and wholly-
owned subsidiary of Coda Parent, in consideration for the issuance of a total of 1,432,143 shares of common stock to Coda Parent and other shareholders of Coda Octopus
Limited. The shares issued represented approximately 90.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Panda. The share exchange was accounted for as a reverse acquisition of
Panda by Coda. Subsequently, Panda was reincorporated in Delaware and changed its name to Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

In June 2006, we acquired the now Coda Octopus Martech Limited which is part of our Services Segment or Marine Engineering Business. This is an English corporation.

In April 2007, we acquired Colmek, the now Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. which is part of our Services Segment or Marine Engineering Business. This is a Utah corporation.

Both Martech and Colmek largely have the same business model, provide similar engineering services and sell to a similar customer base (one is UK focused and the other is
US focused).

Coda Octopus Group, Inc., is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware as a holding company that conducts its business through subsidiaries, several of which are
organized under the laws of foreign jurisdictions, including England, Scotland, Denmark and Australia. This may have an adverse impact on the ability of U.S. investors to
enforce  a  judgment  obtained  in  U.S.  courts  against  these  entities,  or  to  effect  service  of  process  on  the  officers  and  directors  managing  the  foreign  subsidiaries.  These
companies’ operations must comply with the laws of the countries under which they are incorporated and are likely to be different from the equivalent laws of the United States.

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Marine Technology Business (“Products Segment”)

Our Marine Technology Business develops proprietary solutions for both the commercial and defense subsea market. The range of our solutions are complementary and include:

● Geophysical Systems comprising hardware and software; and
● Motion and Positioning Systems comprising hardware and software; and
● Real Time Volumetric Imaging Sonar comprising hardware and software.

These products are sold, leased or rented into various marine sectors and include:

Salvage and decommissioning

● Marine geophysical survey
● Underwater construction
● Offshore energy and renewables
●
● Oil and gas
● Commercial fisheries
●
● Defense
● Marine vehicles and robotics
●
● Research and education

Environmental, mammal and habitat monitoring

Security, law enforcement and first responders

1. Geophysical Range of Products

Our  geophysical  systems  (“GEO”)  range  of  products  include  geophysical  data  acquisition  systems,  processing  and  analysis  software  that  are  used  primarily  by  survey
companies,  research  institutions,  salvage  companies  and,  more  recently,  offshore  energy  and  renewables  operators.  These  systems  are  used  to  survey  large  areas  and  create
images of the seabed, identify seabed boulders and objects, mark seabed type boundaries and identify existing subsurface structural features, geological layers, and/or buried
debris.

2. GPS aided Inertial Positioning Systems

These are referred to as our MOTION range of products and offer high accuracy GPS aided inertial positioning and attitude data, essential for all marine survey applications.
The products are commonly bundled with our GEO and real time sonar solutions offering our customers a seamless integration and support experience.

3. Real Time Volumetric Sonars (ranging from 3D/4D – 5D and 6D)

We design, develop and supply what we believe is the world’s most advanced Real-Time Volumetric Imaging Sonar. This is the culmination of over 25 years of research and
development.  This  technology  is  protected  by  multiple  patents.  Furthermore,  during  2018  and  2019,  we  filed  numerous  patents  relating  to  the  first  5D  and  6D  Real  Time
Volumetric Sonars which we expect to launch in the second quarter of 2020. Our sonar innovations are multi-tiered and extend to hardware, firmware and software, all of which
co-exist and are co-dependent on each other. In other words, hardware, firmware and software operate as sub-systems to each other. We believe that the highly complex nature
of this new technology will make it almost impossible to reverse engineer our products. Pioneering this unique technology gives us a significant advantage over our competitors
in  the  subsea  imaging  sonar  market  sectors.  We  also  believe  that  our  three-tier  product  development  capability  of  hardware,  software  and  solution  delivery  adds  to  our
competitive lead.

Sonar Hardware

During  fiscal  2019,  we  completed  critical  innovation  and  advancement  milestones  around  our  core  technology.  With  a  ground  up  development  and  reinvented  processing
architecture,  we  have  created  the  world’s  first  5D  and  6D  Volumetric  Imaging  Sonar  technology  (discussed  below).  Heralding  another  significant  leap  forward  in  subsea
imaging, we have filed in excess of 10 new patents around the new technological breakthrough PIPE (Parallel Intelligent Processing Engine).

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We believe that our Real-time Volumetric Sonar Imaging products are revolutionizing the sonar market due to the following unique capabilities:

A. Live 3D  imaging  of  any  moving  objects  within  the  sonar  field  of  view  including  construction  assets,  divers,  subsea  vehicles  and tools  and  machinery  executing  tasks

underwater.

B. Accurate three-dimensional data unaffected by motion or water visibility.
C. Mapping of complex structures with a volumetric ping as opposed to individual angular slices of data. The more complex the structure, the greater the benefit of real-time

volumetric sonar imaging over a traditional survey.

D. Live situational awareness of static and moving objects for safe terrain navigation or target tracking.
E. First Person Perspective imaging allowing the operator to point the real-time volumetric imaging sonar towards any target, regardless of where in the water column the

target is located and generate a true image first person perspective image.
Imaging or visualizing subsea environments in low or zero visibility conditions and in situations of high waterflow and active noise pollution (dredging and rock dumping).
F.
G. 3D Range gating of the live image to focus on specific targets or features at specified ranges – regardless of signal strength. This specifically allows for weak targets close

to the sonar to be discarded from the image (e.g. bubbles or fish) or detected as threats (e.g. fishing nets).

H. Coherent single sensor delivery for multiple applications.
I. Unique rendering and viewing software techniques that simplifies data interpretation.
J. Direct integration  with  a  range  of  compatible  sensors  (e.g.  GPS,  attitude  sensors),  actuators (pan,  tilt)  and  custom,  task-specific  software  that  provides  task  or  mission

solutions for key markets such as the underwater construction market and offshore wind energy sector.

In  January  2018  we  launched  the  first  product  within  our  4th  Gen  sonar  series  (Echoscope®  Surface)  and  completed  these  in  2019.  The  4th  Gen  series  is  an  important
development  milestone  in  that  it  satisfies  customer  demand  for  a  broader  range  of  sonar  options  given  the  application  and  platform  used.  It  also  offers  key  performance
improvements. This represents the first major hardware revision over the previous 3rd Gen products in 6 years.

The key deliverables by the 4th Gen product family are:

● New sonar designs that make them smaller and lighter.
●

Introduction of  a  brand-new Surface  range  of  sonars,  specifically  targeted  at  shallow  depth  deployments  with  a  significant 50%  weight  saving  over  deeper  rated
equivalent models and at a more affordable price point.
The entire 4th Gen range consumes 30% less power making them more suitable for the growing autonomous vehicle market that is dependent on battery-life;
Leveraged state-of-the-art technology by upgrading and de-risking obsolescence of older parts within the technology

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● Replaced the previous proprietary data interface with industry standard Ethernet allowing much simpler integration on all platforms.
●

The technology  is  much  more  scalable  and  adaptable  for  our  market  applications  and  in  different  sectors  where  we  did  not  previously operate  (example,  small
autonomous surface vehicles) – thus positioning the Company for uptake in the market for its offerings

● Allows for more competitively priced products across the range of offering, competing more effectively with other products and solutions in the market.
●

Provides the  hardware  ready  platform  for  the  introduction  of  our  upcoming  5D  and  6D  volumetric  imaging  sonar  and  allowing  customers of the 4th  Gen  products  a
competitive forward migration path.

During 2020, we intend to launch a range of 5D capable real-time volumetric imaging sonars leveraging the technology backbone of the 4th Gen hardware series. We consider
this to be a significant catalyst for our technology and now advances the Company’s technology from Real-Time 3D (4D) to a 5D imaging capability. This will be the first
underwater  sonar  technology  capable  of  5D  underwater  imaging.  The  PIPE  processing  engine  will  also  be  capable  of  6D  imaging  under  a  continual  upgrade  program  with
expected launch of the additional 6D capability late in 2020.

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The following diagram outlines the capability summary progression as we transition from our current Real-Time 3D (4D) volumetric imaging sonar system to 5D and then 6D.
Considered introduction and implementation of the new 5D and 6D capability will be managed through backwards compatibility operations, allowing continuation of real-time
3D imaging and users to migrate in a controlled way to the new more powerful platform and to leverage the additional processing, accuracy and multi-tasking capability.

Sonar Software

Our software development capability is an important part of our strategy to maintain our lead in designing, manufacturing and selling state-of-the-art real time 3D solutions.

Our existing 3rd Gen Underwater Survey Explorer is a product which we have been developing for over 15 years. Because of technological advancements, including access to
off the shelf components for more advanced processing of data (speed and size being factors), in 2016, the Company started the process of re-conceiving and developing its top-
end software for our now much more advanced sonars. In this connection, in 2019 we launched for customer evaluation our 4th Gen of top-end software for our sonars – 4G
Underwater Survey Explorer (“4G USE”). We have also filed a number of provisional patents around our 4G USE.

Our 3rd Gen Underwater Survey Explorer software is feature rich and offers advanced processing and application focused capabilities for various markets. 3G USE has been in
the market for over 15 years. While 3G USE is a mature and feature rich product, communication and graphics processing technologies have advanced considerably over recent
years, allowing (for example) improved methods for processing larger volumes of data and leveraging new capabilities in recent PC hardware and the GPU.

The new 4G USE software is a ground-up development based on the latest processor capabilities and software architecture. 4G USE will offer a completely new level of real-
time  visualization  and  automation  processing  to  complement  the  new  upcoming  sonar  launches.  The  initial  release  of  4G  USE  allows  multiple  devices  being  utilized
simultaneously  (example  multiple  sonars  and  rotators)  and  viewing  the  real-time  data  result  in  a  consolidated  image.  4G  USE  which  is  also  subject  to  a  number  of  patent
applications, is designed as an enterprise class platform, allowing many users access and control of data of the data in real-time for better collaboration, tighter quality control,
remote surveying and faster processing.

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Our  software  packages  are  feature  rich  and  include  techniques  which  are  the  subject  of  patents  in  a  number  of  our  modules.  In  general,  our  software  package  contains
significant  capabilities  that  are  designed  to  enable  surveying  a  dynamic  subsea  setting  (as  opposed  to  a  static  mapping  of  the  seabed  as  is  typical  for  conventional  sonar
technology). Some of our unique features include:

Feature Description
Real Time Measurements

  Functionality

important for many types of subsea operations such as block or asset placements or aiding diving operations;

Models + Software Module

allows the user to import existing models and engineering drawings into the real time subsea environment;

Edge Detection Algorithm

allows the user to superimpose an edge to easily identify a subsea target;

Rendering a Noise Free Image

allows for a crisp, clear and high-resolution photo-like image without any processing (which would be required for conventional
sonars); and

Tracking Algorithm

  Algorithm is used to track known objects within the real time 3D Data. This is currently utilized in our Construction Monitoring

Software Package (see below)

3D MATT

  Algorithm is used to track both known and unknown objects and advances the capability of our real time volumetric sonar. For a
number of  subsea  applications  this  is  a  significant  move  forward  in  automating  a  number  of  repetitive  tasks  such  as  offshore
renewables for cable tracking.

Our Echoscope® PIPE (the first 6-Dimensional Sonar) will also bring significant capabilities to include multiple parallel processing (enabling different parameters to be set and
utilized) in real time mode. We are not aware of any sonars that can offer this capability. This will allow multiple tasks and users of the real time data simultaneously, thus
increasing efficiency even more and enabling tasks which were previously impossible.

Our Solutions

In 2019 we also launched for trialing our 3D MATT (Multiple Automatic Target Tracking) solution. This is a key product for our sonar as it is our first step in automating a
number of Echoscope® applications such as cable laying for offshore renewable products where the Echoscope® operator no longer needs to manually click on the seabed touch
down points for the seabed. 3D MATT is also used for diver tracking (and forms part of the package for the Navy DAVDS Head up Display. 3D MATT is the subject of a
number of patent applications.

Additionally,  our  Echoscope®  and  Construction  Monitoring  Software  (CMS)  have  important  applications  for  breakwater  construction.  Our  CMS  package  includes  patented
algorithms for tracking and placement of single layer armor blocks used in breakwater construction. It embeds the complete workflow process for placement of breakwater
construction from the pre-survey, placement to post-lay survey and quality control documentation.

We believe that our technology is becoming the preferred solution for subsea block placements in breakwater solutions because it allows crane operators to visualize in real time
the moving blocks and tracking these into their placement position accurately. We believe that our solution has significantly simplified and made safer this area of the workflow
process in breakwater construction. It has also increased significantly the lay-rate for blocks being placed with customers reporting up to a 5000% increase in productivity.

Sonar Summary

The developments and critical milestones outlined above are all significant investments that the Company is making in ensuring that the technology retains its competitive leads.
We believe that they constitute foundational pillars in our strategy to increase market share in both the commercial and defense sectors as they pertain to subsea imaging. All
developments have been funded from the Company’s cashflow.

We believe that the development strategy and investments we are making in advancing our technology is necessary for the standardization of real time volumetric sonars in the
subsea market and grow the number of applications for this technology, particularly for defense applications. The move from 3rd Gen to 4th Gen hardware opens the market for
increased  adoption  as  the  platforms  on  which  our  sensors  are  being  deployed  are  becoming  increasingly  smaller  due  to  drone  technology.  Some  of  these  platforms  are
autonomous surface vehicles or unmanned underwater vehicles (“drone-like”). Our 4th Gen is smaller, lighter and consumes less power. Our 3rd Gen sonars are not suitable for
these smaller deployment platforms. Our 4th Gen roll out focused on the physical redesign of our hardware. The 5th Gen roll out is focused on capability and performance. This
will include the launch of our 5 Dimensional and 6 Dimensional sonars, both of which will result in major improvements in real time processing and rendering of data.

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
These are complex products and we can give no assurance that we will be successful in realizing commercially viable products or that we will not encounter technical glitches
which may involve significant costs or other consequences or that our goals of increasing our market share will be realized.

Geophysical Products and Solutions

We started our business in 1994 designing and developing the CodaOctopus® GeoSurvey software and hardware package for acquisition and processing of sidescan sonar and
sub-bottom profiler data. For over two decades, our GeoSurvey has been an industry leading software package on the market for data acquisition and interpretation and provides
feature  rich  solutions  and  productivity  enhancing  tools  for  the  most  exacting  survey  requirements.  Designed  specifically  for  sidescan  and  sub-bottom  data  acquisition,
CodaOctopus® GeoSurvey has been purchased by numerous leading survey companies throughout the world.

We generate around 5% of our revenues from the Products Segments from this range of products. With the launch of the new products we would anticipate our revenues from
this line to increase over time.

Geophysical Hardware

These consist of a range of hardware solutions for field acquisition of sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler, which includes analogue and digital interfaces compatible with all
geophysical survey systems.

In 2018, we introduced our DA4G-USB product. This allows customers to integrate the DA4G hardware into their own PC configuration. Based on the CodaOctopus® DA4G
system, it offers the same functionality, robustness and ease of use. CodaOctopus ® DA4G  is  the  4th  generation  of  our  successful  DA  series  and  is  built  on  twenty  years  of
knowledge,  experience  and  innovation  in  supplying  unparalleled  products  and  service  to  the  worldwide  geophysical  survey  sector.  These  purpose-built,  turn-key,  systems
incorporate the very latest hardware specifications and are designed and delivered to meet the demanding nature of offshore survey work.

The CodaOctopus® DA4G range consists of a number of options and is backed (like all our products) with global service and support.

This consists of an integrated suite of software that automates the tasks of analyzing, annotating and mosaicing complex data sets, thus ensuring faster and more precise results.

Geophysical Software

Our CodaOctopus® GeoSurvey software is supplied to complement our DA4G hardware, offering field acquisition of sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler data.

Our Survey Engine software product offers a more advanced post-processing solution for sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler data. Designed to streamline processing of very
large data sets – many 100GBs – it offers comprehensive processing, interpretation, visualization, reporting and exporting functionality.

We continue to advance this range of products and in 2018 we launched our first product based on Artificial Intelligence techniques which allows us to automatically identify
boulders on the seabed (“Survey Engine Automatic Object Detection”). This new product presents a real opportunity to radically change workflow process for post-processing
and analyzing side scan sonar data to assess, among other things, the suitability of an area for exploration and construction activities (O&G installations, pipeline and cable
laying activities). This is in its early stage of roll out and has sparked significant interest. This is an area where we are investing our research and development efforts.

10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additionally, in 2019 we introduced our Seabed Classification module (again based on Artificial Intelligence techniques). This automatically classifies sidescan sonar imagery
into different seabed types, computes and exports polygonal boundaries for these areas, and thereby simplifies sidescan processing.

Motion Sensing Products

Our F180® (and the more recently introduced CodaOctopus® F170 families) has been developed for the marine environment and is based on technology originally developed
for the extreme world of motor racing. Modifications and enhancements have resulted in a simple-to-use, off-the-shelf product that brings accurate positioning and motion data
into extreme offshore conditions for precision marine survey applications worldwide. Variants within the F180® series include the F190, exclusively configured for use ‘inland’,
e.g. within ports and harbors, and the F185, with enhanced precision positioning to 2 cm accuracy (<1”). Octopus iHeave, an intelligent software product for dealing with long
period ocean swell compensation, is fully integrated within the F180® series.

Our Motion Sensing Products are sold alone or in conjunction with our real time 3D sonars. We are currently expending a significant amount of our resources in developing the
next generation of our motion sensors.

We are aiming to launch our 4th GEN of Motion Sensing Products (F280®) in 2020. The new hardware motion sensing products will be based on more advanced technology
and new software. It is also highly complementary to our real time 3D sonar series and they are packaged together to provide a more comprehensive solution to our customers.

We generate around 8% of our revenues from the Products Segments from our Motion Sensing Products. With the launch of the new products we anticipate our revenues from
this line to increase over time and give us much more flexibility in how we package this product with our volumetric sonars.

Sales and Marketing

We market our volumetric sonars both as a stand-alone sonar device and as a fully integrated system. The fully integrated system is marketed under the name “CodaOctopus®
UIS (Underwater Inspection System)”. This system is specifically aimed at the port security market and has been adopted by a significant number of ports in the United States.
Since 2015 we have built upon our success in selling in excess of 30 Underwater Inspection Systems to ports in the USA by selling a number of systems to an East Asian
government  agency  for  use  in  salvage  operations  and  port  and  harbor  inspection.  Our  4th  Gen  sonar  products  are  smaller,  lighter,  with  less  power  requirements  present  an
opportunity to introduce a new UIS with a lower price point, thus presenting the opportunity to increase the number of ports investing in this equipment.

We  have  an  internal  sales  and  marketing  team  which  is  engaged  in  marketing  and  selling  our  products.  We  also  have  a  network  of  non-exclusive  independent  global  sales
agents.

Coda Octopus Products Limited has the requisite accreditations for its business including being Lloyds Register accredited to ISO 9001:2015.

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marine Engineering Businesses (“Service Segment”)

Our Marine Engineering Businesses comprise Colmek based in Salt Lake City and Martech based in the United Kingdom.

These two operating entities supply engineered sub-assembly solutions which form part of mission critical integrated defense systems, test equipment, instrumentation and the
like. They operate as sub-contractors to defense primes and their engineering solutions are typically within broader defense programs where high levels of reliability and quality
are essential pre-requisites for securing and maintaining these agreements with their customers. Typically, we prototype products for these customers and after going through
various  acceptance  tests,  including  first  article  inspection  approvals,  we  are  given  the  production  contracts.  Many  of  these  production  contracts  have  a  repeat  orders  profile
which typically follows the life cycle of the defense program that is using the production part.

These arrangements often give us long term preferred/sole supplier status, technology refresh and obsolescence management for such customers and we generally use these
long-standing relationships to win more contracts with these customers.

In addition, we are increasingly combining our engineering capabilities with our product offerings. This enables us to offer systems which are complete with installation and
support to maximize the utilization of our collective expertise to advance our real time 3D technology.

Coda Octopus Martech Limited (“Martech”)

Martech operates in the specialized niche of bespoke design and manufacturing services mainly to the United Kingdom defense and subsea industries. Its services are provided
on a custom sub-contract basis where high quality and high integrity devices are required in small quantities.

The Company enjoys pre-approvals to allow it to be short-listed for certain types of government contracts. Much of the more significant business secured by Martech is through
the formal government or government contractor tendering process. Government contracts may be terminated at any time at the discretion of the government. If the government
does terminate a contract, the Company is allowed to recover the costs incurred up to the date of termination. During the last few years, only one non-material government
contract was terminated for convenience.

Martech is a key supplier of various parts to our Marine Technology Business and has been assisting in the further development of a number of those products.

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. (“Colmek”)

Colmek is a service provider of defense engineering solutions, particularly in the fields of data acquisition, storage, transmission and display. It has grown and diversified since
beginning its operations in 1977 and now provides services and products to a wide range of defense, research and exploration organizations in the United States.

It designs, manufactures and supports systems that are reliable and effective in multiple military and commercial applications where ruggedness and reliability under extreme
operational conditions are paramount and where lives depend on accurate and precise information.

Colmek has long standing relationships with a number of prime defense contractors and has been supporting a number of defense programs for over 30 years including the
Close in Weapons Support Program (CIWS) for which it supplies proprietary parts and services and technical refresh programs. As a result, Colmek has recurring revenues
from these long-standing programs. Colmek continues to expand the number of established programs into which it supplies proprietary parts.

In June 2014 Colmek completed the acquisition of the Thermite® which is a rugged visual mission computer line and the Sentiris® AV1 XMC video card for $1,100,000 in
cash. Colmek also acquired hardware, Thermite stock, and other intellectual property rights (such as software code and trademarks pertaining to these products).

The Thermite® Product fits within established programs with Department of Defense (“DoD”) prime contractors and benefits from being a single source product under this
program. Customers for this item include the US Army, Benchmark, and Endeavor Robotics Defense and Security Division.

Thermite ® Rugged Visual Computers

● Rugged, graphics-based PCs designed to perform in the most brutal environmental conditions;

●

●

●

●

Focus on graphics-based high-performance computing with integrated accelerated video capture capability;

Lightweight, power efficient and conduction-cooled;

Three models, optimized for man-wearable, vehicle, and airborne platforms; and

Programs include dismounted soldier training, mission rehearsal, real time imaging, robotic control, weapon system control, sensor processing and display.

13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have now designed and developed our next generation of the Thermite® “Octal”. The new Octal is in trials with a number of new customers who fit the profile of large
quantity purchasers with repeat and long-term requirements for this product.

The Thermite is one of our key growth catalysts and we are now incubating an embedded solutions division around Thermite® research and development work, where we aim
to leverage the Thermite® solution cross-group.

Sentiris® AV1 XMC

●

●

FPGA-based PCI Express Mezzanine Card designed for video and graphics processing applications; and

Targeted platforms include MH-47G helicopters, MH-60M Blackhawk helicopters, MC-130H Combat Talon II and CV-22 Tilt-Rotor aircraft.

Since  acquiring  the  Sentiris®  (as  part  of  the  Thermite  acquisition),  we  have  successfully  completed  the  first  article  inspection  (“FAI”)  approval  phase  and  are  now  in  the
production phase. We have received orders for approximately $1,200,000 since completion of the FAI process.

This is expected to be a significant new product as this program is funded and there will be ongoing demand for this product over the life of the program.

Other products offered by Colmek include subsea telemetry and data acquisition systems, rugged workstations, analog-to-digital converters and rugged LCD displays.

Competition

In our Products Segment, we are exposed to the following competitive challenges:

Data Acquisition Products (GEO Products)

The sonar equipment industry is fragmented with several companies occupying niche areas, and we face competition from different companies with respect to our different
products. In the field of geophysical products, Triton Imaging Inc., a US-based company, now part of the ECA Group (Toulon, France), Chesapeake, a US-based company, and
Oceanic Imaging Consultants, Hawaii, USA, dominate the market with an estimated 25% each of world sales, while we believe that we control approximately 5% of world-
wide sales.

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Motion Sensing Products

In the field of motion sensing equipment, where our product addresses a small part of the overall market, we believe that we have four principal competitors: TSS (International)
Ltd in Watford, England which is focused on the mid-performance segments with about 25% of the world market; Ixsea, a French company which covers all segments, with
about 20% of the market; Kongsberg Seatex, a Norwegian company (part of Kongsberg Gruppen) which has products across all segments, with about 15% of the market; and
Applanix, a Canadian company, now part of Trimble which has one major product focused on the high end of the market, with about 20% of the market. We believe that our
market share in the field of motion sensing equipment is only about 5%. This market is fiercely competitive and with the advancement of technology, there are new entrants to
the market such as SBG Systems (a French based manufacturer of motion sensors). Due to the price pressure in this market, we are selling our products more in conjunction
with our real time 3D sonars than on a standalone basis.

Real Time Volumetric Sonar

In  the  field  of  Real  Time  3D  imaging,  we  are  unaware  of  other  companies  offering  a  similar  product.  The  entry  into  this  market  is  dependent  upon  specialized  marine
electronics, acoustic and software development skills. The learning curve, which has resulted in the advancement of our real time 3D sonar device, is the culmination of two
decades of research and development into this field. We are aware of a number of high profile and substantial competitors’ real time 3D projects that have failed. Over the last
several years there have been lower grade sonars entering the market for 3D imaging. Companies such as Tritech International Ltd., United Kingdom, BlueView Technologies
Inc.,  USA  (now  a  part  of  Teledyne  Technologies  Incorporated),  and  Norbit  Group AS  Norway  are  examples,  but  none  of  these  sonar  offerings  are  directly  comparable  or
competitors  to  our  real  time  volumetric  sonar  solutions.  Specifically,  we  believe  that  they  do  not  have  the  same  capabilities  as  our  Echoscope®  technology  in  terms  of
generating real time 3D images of submerged objects and environments in low or zero visibility conditions. However, Teledyne has in the last four years acquired a significant
number of subsea companies (examples are Reson and BlueView). Teledyne has much greater resources and liquidity than the Company. We therefore can give no assurance
that  companies  such  as  these  will  not  enter  this  market.  Notwithstanding,  we  have  now  advanced  our  technology  to  the  level  where  it  is  now  a  5D/6D  Volumetric  Sonar
(Echoscope® PIPE) that is the subject of numerous patent applications.

We  seek  to  compete  on  the  basis  of  producing  high  quality  products  employing  cutting  edge  technology  that  is  easy  to  use  by  operators  without  specialized  skills  in  sonar
technology. We intend to continue our research and development activities to continually improve our products, seek new applications for our existing products, to develop new
innovative products and grow the market for our products and expertise.

In our Services Segment, we are exposed to the following competitive challenges:

Marine Engineering Businesses

Through our marine engineering operations, Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and Coda Octopus Martech Limited, we are involved in custom engineering for the defense industry in
the United States and in the United Kingdom. Martech competes with larger contractors in the defense industry. Typical among these are Ultra Electronics, BAE Systems, and
Thales, all of whom are also partners on various projects. In addition, the strongest competitors are often the clients themselves. Because of their size, they often have the option
to proceed with a project in-house instead of outsourcing to a sub-contractor like Martech or Colmek.

Intellectual Property

Our product portfolio and technologies are protected by intellectual property rights including trademarks, copyrights and patents. We have a number of fundamental patents
around  our  sonar  products  including  a  patent  covering  combining  two  or  more  acoustic  images  to  produce  a  composite  image.  This  covers  the  real  time  acoustic  image
generation element of what we do, and we believe it provides us with a competitive advantage. In the last 2 years we have advanced our existing sonar technology and have
invented a number of significant innovations around our new technology portfolio. In this connection we have filed a number of patents. During fiscal year 2020, we expect to
spend approximately $700,000 in implementing our Patent Strategy.

Patents

Our patented inventions along with our strategy to enhance these inventions are at the heart of the Company’s strategy for growth and development.

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our patent portfolio consists of the following:

Patent Number

Description

Expiration Date

US Patent No. 7,466,628

  Concerns a  “Method  of  constructing  mathematical  representations  of  objects  from  reflected

August 15, 2026

sonar signals.”

US Patent No. 7,489, 592

  Concerns a  “Method  of  automatically  performing  a  patch  test  for  a  sonar  system,  where  data
from a plurality of overlapping 3D sonar scans of a surface, as the platform is moved, are used to
compensate for biases in mounting the sonar system on the platform”.

January 19, 2027

US Patent No. 7,898,902

  Concerns a “method of representation of sonar images” allowing sonar three-dimensional (3D)

June 13, 2028

data to be represented by a two-dimensional image.

US Patent No. 8,059,486

  Concerns a method of rendering volume representation of sonar images.

US Patent No. 8,854,920

  Concerns a method of volumetric rendering of three-dimensional sonar data sets

US Patent No. 9,019,795

  Method of object tracking using sonar imaging

US Patent No. 10,088,566

  Object Tracking using sonar imaging

April 16, 2028

September 5, 2032

September 5, 2032

October 30, 2035 

January 31, 2031

JP Patent No. 5565964

JP Patent No. 5565957

Trademarks

To  provide  a  method  for  drilling/levelling  thereof  by  an  Underwater  drilling/levelling  work
machine construction device

To  Provide  a  construction  management  method  by  a  3-Dimensional  Sonar  by  construction
management device

October 31, 2030

We own the registered trademarks listed below and they are used in conjunction with the products that we market and sell:

Coda®,  Octopus®,  CodaOctopus®,  CodaOctopus  &  Design®,  Octopus  &  Design®,  F180®,  F280®,  F280  Series®,  Echoscope®,  Echoscope  4G®,  Echoscope  5D®,  5D
Echoscope®,  Echoscope  6D®,  6D  Echoscope®,  Ping-Pong  Echoscope  Sonar®,  Ping-Pong  Echoscope®,  Ping-Pong  Sonar®,  4G  Underwater  Survey  Explorer®,  4G  USE®,
Survey Engine®, Dimension®, DAseries®, CodaOctopus® Vantage; CodaOctopus® UIS; CodaOctopus® USE, Sentiris® and Thermite®.

We also use the following trademarks: CodaOctopus®F170, CodaOctopus®F175, CodaOctopus®F190, CodaOctopus® UIS, CodaOctopus® TEAM and CodaOctopus® TLS.

In  addition,  we  have  registered  a  number  of 
www.martechsystems.co.uk.

Research and Development

internet  domain  names 

including  www.codaoctopus.com;  www.codaoctopusgroup.com;  www.colmek.com  and

During  the  fiscal  years  ended  2019  and  2018,  we  spent  approximately  $2,801,331  million  and  $2,571,714  million,  respectively,  on  Research  and  Development.  These
expenditures were on the development of our real time Volumetric sonar technology (which we have now advanced to a 5 Dimensional and 6 Dimensional (5D and 6D) sonar
capability, our new Motion Sensor F280®, our Artificial Intelligence Algorithm (Automatic Boulder Detection and now Seabed Classification Algorithms), Thermite ® Octal
development and developing GEN 1 prototype Head Up Display (DAVS) system pursuant to the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with NSWC
Panama Division for use by NAVSEA.

Research and Development is foundational to our business strategy to maintain our lead in the Real Time Underwater Imaging and in general to grow our business.

We believe we have reached the apotheosis of our investments in R&D in our 4th and 5th generations of our products and as such in 2020, we would expect to maintain R&D at
the 2019 level.

The only exceptional expenses we anticipate in the 2020 fiscal year will be in the investments we need to make to transition the production of the Navy Head Up Display (HUD)
product production to the Orlando Office. Under the terms of the exclusive license which was granted to us by Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama Division to commercially
exploit the invention pertaining to the faceplate of the HUD, the Company must transfer such manufacturing to the USA within 12 months of grant of the exclusive license.
Currently, prototyping is done across four sites: two in the UK and two in the USA. We anticipate an investment of around $500,000 in the 2020 period to achieve the transfer.
This investment will encompass (i) implementing the required IT and other security measures for our Orlando Facilities; (ii) recruiting and training personnel; and (iii) making
our Orlando facilities manufacturing ready.

Our products are complex and therefore we can give no assurance that we will be successful in the above-stated goals. Furthermore, even following launch of any product we
may not succeed. Moreover, we may incur significant research and development expenditures without realizing viable products.

16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government Regulation

Because  of  the  nature  of  some  of  our  products,  they  may  be  subject  to  United  States  and  other  jurisdictions’  export  control  regimes  and  may  be  exported  outside  these
jurisdictions only with the required level of export license or through an export license exception or general export authorization/license.

We  are  also  required  to  maintain  certain  accreditations  such  as  ISO  accreditation,  approvals  to  hold  government  items  or  materials  and/or  certain  personnel  or  facility
clearances.

In  addition,  as  a  provider  for  the  US  Government,  we  may  be  subject  to  numerous  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  award,  administration  and  performance  of  US
Government  contracts,  including  the  False  Claims Act.  Non-compliance  found  by  any  one  agency  could  result  in  fines,  penalties,  debarment,  or  suspension  from  receiving
additional contracts with all US Government agencies. Given our dependence on US Government business, suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations.

Employees

As of the date hereof, we employ approximately 120 employees worldwide, of which 12 hold management positions. A large majority of our employees have a background in
science, technology and engineering, with a substantial part being educated to degree and PhD level. None of our employees are employed under a collective agreement and we
have not experienced any organized labor difficulties in the past.

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Orlando, Florida

Our corporate offices are co-located with our subsidiary Coda Octopus Products, Inc. in Orlando. We own these business premises comprising 3,000 square feet that includes
office space and R&D facilities.

Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Coda Octopus Colmek operates from its premises which comprises 16,000 square feet and includes production, R&D Facilities and office space. These premises are owned by
Coda Octopus Colmek.

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Current Premises

Coda Octopus Products Limited (Edinburgh based) operates from its premises comprising 12,070 square feet of internal space and includes production, R&D Facilities and
office space. These premises are owned by Coda Octopus Products Limited.

Copenhagen, Denmark

As a mitigation strategy in relation to the UK relationship with the European Union (“Brexit”) we have leased business premises in Copenhagen, Denmark. The lease runs from
September 1, 2019 to September 1, 2023 with a clause allowing us to break the lease with effect from September 1, 2019 upon 6 months’ notice.

Annual rent is DKK 131,625 plus Value Added Tax (being an equivalent of $19,660 per annum) with an annual increase of 3%.

Portland, Dorset, UK

Martech uses premises owned by Coda Octopus Products Limited. These premises are located in the Marine Center in Portland, Dorset, United Kingdom, and are owned by
Coda Octopus Products Ltd and comprise 9,890 square feet. The building comprises both office space and manufacturing and testing facilities. The lease is on a rent-free basis
for a period of 2 years expiring late 2020.

18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All non-US Dollar denominated rents are stated according to prevailing exchange rates as of the date of each respective lease agreement.

 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent
uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings
that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not Applicable.

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PART II

  ITEM  5.  MARKET  FOR  REGISTRANT’S  COMMON  EQUITY,  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER  MATTERS  AND  ISSUER  PURCHASES  OF  EQUITY
SECURITIES

Our  common  stock  has  been  traded  on  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market  under  the  symbol  “CODA”  since  July  19,  2017.  Prior  thereto,  it  had  been  quoted  on  the  OTCQX  since
February 8, 2017 under the symbol COGI, and prior thereto, on the OTC Pink under the symbol CDOC. The following table sets forth the range of high and low bid prices of
our common stock as reported and summarized on the Nasdaq, OTCQX or OTC Pink, as applicable, for the periods indicated. These prices are based on inter-dealer bid and
asked prices, without markup, markdown, commissions, or adjustments and may not represent actual transactions.

Year Ended October 31, 2019
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

Year Ended October 31, 2018
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

  $
  $
  $
  $

  $
  $
  $
  $

HIGH

LOW

6.86    $
15.30    $
18.97    $
11.66    $

HIGH

LOW

6.10    $
5.43    $
6.15    $
6.52    $

5.23 
5.91 
9.71 
7.16 

4.65 
3.31 
3.65 
4.12 

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business, and
we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The decision whether to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be made by our board of directors,
in their discretion, and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that the board of directors considers significant.

 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not applicable.

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The  information  herein  contains  forward-looking  statements.  All  statements  other  than  statements  of  historical  fact  made  herein  are  forward  looking.  In  particular,  the
statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be
identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should” or other variations
or  similar  words.  No  assurances  can  be  given  that  the  future  results  anticipated  by  the  forward-looking  statements  will  be  achieved.  Forward-looking  statements  reflect
management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management’s expectations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, included herewith. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the
results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future.
Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

General Overview

We operate two distinct business operations. These are:

● Marine Technology Business (“also referred to as “Products Segment”); and

● Marine Engineering Business (“also referred to as “Services Segment”).

Our  Marine  Technology  Business  is  a  technology  solution  provider  to  the  subsea  market.  It  has  a  long-established  pedigree  in  this  market,  and  it  designs,  develops  and
manufactures proprietary solutions for this market (both for commercial and defense applications) including our range of flagship volumetric real time sonar solutions.

These  solutions/products  are  used  primarily  in  the  underwater  construction  market,  offshore  oil  and  gas,  offshore  wind  energy  industry,  and  in  the  complex  dredging,  port
security,  mining  and  marine  sciences  sectors.  Our  customers  include  service  providers  to  major  oil  and  gas  (“O&G”)  companies,  law  enforcement  agencies,  ports,  mining
companies, defense bodies, research institutes and universities.

Our Marine Engineering Business is a supplier of engineering services and embedded solutions (such as mission computers) to prime defense contractors such as Raytheon and
Northrop  Grumman.  Generally,  the  items  supplied  into  the  defense  market  are  sub-systems  in  broader  mission  critical  integrated  systems  and  thus  requires  a  high  level  of
reliability, consistency in standards and robustness.

We have long-standing relationships with prime defense contractors, and we use these credentials to secure more business. We support some significant defense programs by
supplying  and  maintaining  proprietary  parts  (or  parts  for  which  we  are  preferred  suppliers)  through  obsolescence  management  programs.  These  services  provide  recurring
stream of revenues for our Services segment.

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Both Business Operations have established synergies in terms of customers and specialized engineering skill sets encompassing capturing, computing and displaying data in
harsh environments.

Our business is affected by a number of factors including those set out below:

A. United Kingdom’s  withdrawal  from  the  European  Union  (“Brexit”)  including  the  possibility  that  such  withdrawal  will take  place  without  a  deal  on  their

future relationship (“No Deal Brexit Issue”)

Following a national referendum and the recent elections in the United Kingdom which saw a majority Government, a bill has now been passed for the United Kingdom
to leave the European Union on January 31, 2020. A transitional period of 12 months is expected. During the transitional period, the United Kingdom Government and
the European Union will negotiate its future trade relationship. If no agreement is reached, the UK Government which now has a majority for its actions, has stated that
it will leave the European Union without a deal on its future relationship,

A  No  Deal  Brexit  could  affect  our  UK  operations  which  represents  a  significant  part  of  our  earnings  (Coda  Octopus  Products  Limited  (Edinburgh-based)  and  Coda
Octopus Martech Limited (Portland, England-based).

The ongoing uncertainty also impacts the British Pound (which is the trading currency of our UK operations). Although the appointment of a majority government on
December 13, 2019 saw a surge in the UK Pound against all major currencies, it is expected that the ongoing uncertainty around the future relationship with the European
Union will cause the UK Pound to continue to be volatile against major currencies, including the US Dollar. Since our reporting currency is the US Dollar, depreciation
of the UK Pound has an adverse impact on revenues reported and devaluation of our consolidated balance sheet assets.

Because there is no precedent for a European Union member state leaving the Union, the full implications for the Company are not clear. The outcome is dependent on
the type of future relationship that is struck between the United Kingdom and the European Union. In a worst-case scenario, where no deal on the future of the UK
relationship with the European Union is struck, it is widely believed that the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules will apply. Operating on this basis would have far-
reaching  implications  for  our  Company  particularly  in  the  area  of  costs  associated  with  import/export  arrangements  for  our  products  including  custom  duties  on
purchases and sales and delays and increased compliance costs in the supply chain (both purchasing and selling). We currently benefit from mutual recognition rules in a
number of areas including export control requirements and quality standards which allow us to distribute our products freely in the European Union. If these are removed
it  is  likely  to  involve  new  qualifications  requirements  that  we  would  need  to  meet  with  the  attendant  costs  and  delays  involved.  Furthermore,  if  free  movement  is
restricted this will also limit our ability to utilize our trained engineers and experts on customer projects in the European Union.

The  Company  continues  to  make  plans  to  mitigate  the  departure  from  the  European  Union.  The  Company  established  a  company,  Coda  Octopus  Products A/S,  in
Denmark to maintain a presence in the European Union and to address some of the foreseeable issues. However, we can give no assurance that this in itself would be
sufficient to address the impact of both a No Deal Brexit and a No Deal Brexit.

22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B. Currency Risks:

The Company’s operations are split between the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Denmark. A large proportion of our revenues (approximately 48%) and
costs are incurred outside of the USA with a significant part (46% of our total revenues) of that in the United Kingdom (“UK”). In addition, a significant part of our
assets  (both  current  and  fixed)  are  held  in  British  Pounds  by  our  foreign  subsidiaries.  Fiscal  years  2017  through  2019  saw  the  weakening  of  the  British  Pound.  The
continued uncertainty around the future relationship with the European Union and the United Kingdom, is likely to see significant volatility in the British Pound against
major  currencies.  The  depreciation  of  the  British  Pound  against  major  currencies  adversely  impacts  our  revenues  as  a  whole  which  are  reported  in  U.S.  Dollars.
Furthermore, a large part of our assets is held in British Pounds while the majority of our liabilities (which comprise our senior secured debentures are maintained in
U.S. Dollars see Note 8 - Loans and Notes Payable - of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements October 31, 2019 and 2018). In fiscal year 2019 we incurred a
gain  on  our  exchange  rate  translations  in  respect  of  our  comprehensive  income  and  loss  account.  See  Note  2,  paragraph  n,  of  the  audited  Consolidated  Financial
Statements October 31, 2019 and 2018 regarding our Foreign Currency Translation policy. Until a longer-term trade arrangement is agreed between the United Kingdom
and the European Union, we expect to see continued volatility in the British Pounds. We currently do not hedge our currency risks. However, we continue to evaluate the
prudency of hedging such risks.

C. Trade Disputes:

The costs of our raw materials could become a serious concern due to inter-country trade disputes. Our US Services Segment has suffered increased cost of raw materials
sourced within the United States due to ongoing trade dispute between the USA, China and Canada. Furthermore, with the ongoing trade dispute between the USA and
China, the Products Segment has seen a decline of sales into China in the 2019 fiscal year.

D. Price of Commodities:

The  price  of  commodities,  in  particular  oil  and  gas  (“O&G”).  The  decline  in  O&G  prices  since  2014  with  a  partial  recovery  since  2016  has  resulted  in  large  scale
reductions in capital and operational expenditures and seismic changes in the subsea market. This directly impacts on the Products Segment by reducing the quantity of
sales  and  rentals  into  O&G  and  related  markets.  O&G  has  remained  very  competitive  and  customers  are  increasingly  seeking  significant  discounts  to  place  orders.
Around 7% of the Marine Technology Business revenues emanate from this sector. Historically, and prior to the price downturn, the vast majority of our revenues were
generated from O&G sector.

E. Government Spending for Defense:

The allocation of funds to defense procurement by governments in the United States and the United Kingdom. A large part of our revenues in the Services Segment
emanates from government funding in the defense sector. In general, where there is a change of government, spending priorities change which may have an impact on
our revenues.

F. Political Landscape:

Global-political uncertainties affect the markets for our goods and services. For example, the current unrest in Hong Kong has resulted in significant shipments to China
being delayed as we have seen an increased number of UK Customs Border Police detaining shipments to China. We anticipate that revenues will be affected if we are
unable to meet our contractual obligations as a result of ship detentions.

Global  trends  which  make  certain  geographical  regions  more  competitive  in  providing  engineering  solutions  because  of  lower  labor  costs  (e.g.  India  and  China)  are
likely to affect our Services Segments.

G. Resourcing Levels

Being a small technology company, we are hindered in our ability to compete for certain specialized electronic engineering skills as our remuneration package is not as
competitive as those offered by bigger companies.

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H.

Investments:

We lack the financial resources to advance our flagship technology at the commercially appropriate pace required to capture new markets and increase our sales which
could  facilitate  new  entrants  to  the  market.  For  example,  Teledyne  Technologies  Incorporated,  a  multi-billion  company,  has  recently  acquired  a  number  of  subsea
companies that may speed up their entry into our market.

In relative terms, the Company has limited external sources of capital available, and as such is reliant upon its ability to sell its products and services to provide sufficient
working capital for its operations and obligations. Notwithstanding, on or around November 27, 2019 the Company secured a $4m Revolving Credit Line from HSBC
NA, its current bankers which can be used for working capital including expansion activities as required.

I. Technological Advancement:

A significant part of our growth strategy is predicated on our flagship real time volumetric imaging sonar technology. The technology space is inherently uncertain due to
the fast pace of innovations and therefore we can give no assurance that we can maintain our leading position in the real time volumetric imaging sonar market or that
innovations  in  other  areas  may  not  surpass  our  unique  capability  that  we  currently  supply  to  subsea  market.  Some  examples  of  new  technology  entering  the  subsea
market is LIDAR technology. However, this technology cannot be employed in zero visibility conditions and cannot generate a volume pulse or image moving objects.

Critical Accounting Policies

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of America  (“GAAP”).  The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  US  GAAP  requires  our
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported levels of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Below  is  a  discussion  of  accounting  policies  that  we  consider  critical  to  an  understanding  of  our  financial  condition  and  operating  results  and  that  may  require  complex
judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion
of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies” of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

All of our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater technologies and equipment for imaging,
mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services that we provide. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration
so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential variable additional consideration. Our product sales do not include a right of return
by the customer.

With regard to our Products Segment, all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we
also provide services (e.g., installation, training, etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value
of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

For further discussion of our revenue recognition accounting policies, refer to Note 2 – “Revenue Recognition” in these financial statements

24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock based Compensation

We recognize the expense related to the fair value of stock based compensation awards within the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The stock
based fair value compensation is determined as of the date of the grant or the date at which the performance of the services is completed (measurement date) and is recognized
over the periods in which the related services are rendered.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). Under ASC 740, deferred income tax
assets and liabilities are recorded for the income tax effects of differences between the bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their bases for income
tax reporting. The Company’s differences arise principally from the use of various accelerated and modified accelerated cost recovery system lives for income tax purposes
versus straight line depreciation used for book purposes and from the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the amounts by which the Company’s future income taxes are expected to be impacted by these differences as they reverse. Deferred tax
assets  are  based  on  differences  that  are  expected  to  decrease  future  income  taxes  as  they  reverse.  Correspondingly,  deferred  tax  liabilities  are  based  on  differences  that  are
expected to increase future income taxes as they reverse. Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements discusses the amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and also
presents the impact of significant differences between financial reporting income and taxable income.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For  income  tax  purposes,  the  Company  uses  the  percentage  of  completion  method  of  recognizing  revenues  on  long-term  contracts  which  is  consistent  with  the  Company’s
financial reporting under U.S. GAAP.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist principally of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (i.e. goodwill), customer relationships, non-compete agreements and licenses.
Goodwill was allocated to our reporting units based on the original purchase price allocation. Goodwill is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually or more often
if circumstances indicate impairment may exist. Customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents and licenses are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods
of 2 to 15 years. The Company amortizes its limited lived intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. We periodically evaluate the
recoverability of intangible assets and take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists.

The first step of the goodwill impairment test used to identify potential impairment compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its’ carrying amount, including goodwill. If
the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the second
step must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The Company will early adopt Accounting Standards Codification 2017 – 04, Simplifying the Test
for Goodwill Impairment, which permits the Company to impair the difference between carrying amount in excess of the fair value of the reporting unit as the reduction in
goodwill. ASC 2017-04 eliminates the requirement in previous GAAP to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.

At the end of each year, we evaluate goodwill on a separate reporting unit basis to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. An impairment loss
would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over the fair value of the reporting unit.

Fiscal Year 2019 Consolidated Results of Operations

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the Marine Technology Business generated 52% of our consolidated revenues compared to 64% in the previous fiscal year and,
similarly, the Marine Engineering Business generated 48% compared to 36% in the previous fiscal year respectively.

Overall, consolidated revenues in the 2019 fiscal year were up by 39.1%; Gross Profit was up by 29.7%; Total Operating Expenses was up by 7.0%; Income from Operations
was up by 94.1%; Net Income Before Taxes was up by 106.5%. There were no material exceptional costs or financial events in the 2019 fiscal year, except that in fiscal year
2019, we recorded a tax expense of $1,007,354 compared to a tax benefit of $1,754,169 in the 2018 fiscal year.

In  the  fiscal  year  2019,  R&D  expenditures  increased  by  8.9%  and  SG&A  by  8.8%.  We  believe  we  have  reached  the  pinnacle  of  our  investments  in  R&D  in  our  4th and  5th
generations of our products and as such in 2020, we would expect to maintain R&D at approximately the same 2019 levels. The only exceptional expenses we anticipate will be
in the investments we need to make to transition the production of the Navy Head Up Display (HUD) product production to the Orlando Office and incubating our embedded
solutions division which we see as an investment in future growth of the Company. Under the terms of the exclusive license which is being negotiated with Naval Surface
Warfare Center Panama Division to practice the invention pertaining to the HUD face plate, the Company must transfer such manufacturing within 12 months of grant of the
exclusive license. We anticipate an investment of around $500,000 in the 2020 period to achieve the transfer. This investment will encompass (i) implementing the required
security measures; (ii) recruiting and training personnel; and (iii) making our Orlando facilities (acquired in 2019) manufacturing ready.

Comparison of fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 (“2019 Fiscal Year” or “2019 FY”) to fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 (“2018 Fiscal Year” or “2018 FY”)

The information provided below pertains to the Company’s consolidated financial results. For information on the performance of each Segment including the disaggregation of
revenues and geographical split, see Note 12 of our audited Consolidated Financial Statements of October 31, 2019 and 2018.

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue:

$

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

25,056,934 

$

18,019,429   

Percentage Change
Increase of 39.1%

We realized a significant increase in revenues in the 2019 FY compared to the 2018 FY. This is because in the 2019 FY our Services Segment achieved its revenue plan unlike
the 2018 FY where it experienced delay in securing anticipated annual defense contracts as a result in the delay in the adoption of the US Federal Defense Budget. In the 2019
FY the Services Segment received backlog orders and is now back on plan.

During 2019 Fiscal Year, the Products Segment generated revenues of $12,908,110 and Services Segment $12,148,824. During the 2019 FY, the Products Segment revenues
grew by 12.7% over the 2018 FY and the Services Segment revenues grew by 84.9% over the said period.

During the 2019 FY, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenue from this customer was $6,764,199 or 27% of
net revenues during the 2019 FY. Total accounts receivable from this customer at October 31, 2019 was $898,584 or 20% of accounts receivable.

Gross Margin:

Year Ended October 31, 2019
65.5%
(gross profit of $16,429,319)

Year Ended October 31, 2018
70.3%
(gross profit of $12,662,362)

Percentage Change
Decrease of 4.8 percentage points

Gross Margin is determined by the composition of our consolidated sales achieved in the reporting period. In general, the Gross Profit  Margins  are  greater  on  the  Products
Segment sales than the Services Segment as the latter’s margins are dictated by government contracting rules. Further variations in Gross Margin depend on the composition of
sales in each segment, for example, in respect of the Products Segment margins may vary according to whether it is software or hardware, outright sale versus rental or lease. On
the Services side margins fluctuate less. However, margins will depend on whether the sale relates to development or manufacturing. In the 2019 FY, margins were less due to
the fact that there were more units of sale from the Services Segment than in the 2018 FY.

For more detailed information on the composition and disaggregation of our revenues, please refer to Note 12 of our audited Consolidated Financial Statements of October 31,
2019 and 2018 (“Segment Analysis” section).

Research and Development (R&D):

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

2,801,331 

$

2,571,714   

Percentage Change
Increase of 8.9%

We continue to invest in research and development to further our business goals including maintaining our lead in volumetric imaging sonar sector (Products Segment) and
becoming an embedded supplier of mission computers through re-engineering our Thermite® (now Thermite® Octal) via our Services Segment and launching derivatives of
the newly designed Thermite® Octal. The key Unique Selling Point for the Thermite® range is that we can customize these for specific customer requirements. Big competing
companies sell standard mission computers and in general do not customize per requirement.

In the 2019 FY this category of expenditure increased by 8.9%.

In  the  2019  FY,  the  Products  Segment  continued  to  invest  in  the  4th  Gen  and  5th  Gen  of  its  products  (including  its  real  time  volumetric  imaging  sonar).  In  early  2020,  the
Products Segment will be transitioning a number of new products from our R&D division into production and for sale in the market such as its 5th Gen 5 Dimensional and 6
Dimensional (5D and 6D) sonars. This is a significant milestone for the business, and we believe will be pivotal in giving the Company a decisive and irrefutable lead in the
underwater volumetric imaging sonar market. No other sonar is either 5D or 6D capable allowing the user to have configurable real time 3D data sets in parallel (Echoscope®
PIPE). Many competing companies have recognized the importance of real time 3D and have started labelling their products as such. Our leap forward to a 6D platform will
decisively distinguish our capabilities and we hope will cement our lead.

The Services Segment continues to invest in Thermite® Octal and we have now established an embedded engineering division within the Services Segment – with the goal of
providing customizable Thermite® Octal solutions for embedding into a broader range of customer programs and solutions.

In  the  FY2019  Period,  the  Group  invested  in  engineering  GEN  1  of  the  production  prototype  of  the  Head  Up  Display  System  for  Divers  (the  “HUD”)  pursuant  to  the
collaboration under the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (“CRADA”) with Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama Division (“NSWC PCD”) for NAVSEA
entered into on or around July 2018. Under its terms, the Company was required to take NSWC’s concept into production by funding and delivering the GEN 1 HUD Prototype
within 12 months of the Agreement. The Company has now achieved this goal and this has been formally confirmed by the Project Sponsor NAVSEA.

Following the successful transitioning of the GEN 1 HUD product from NSWC PCD, the Company has now entered into an exclusive license with NSWC PCD to manufacture
and sell in the commercial market in the USA. Subject to the terms of the exclusive license (such as payment of fees and royalties), the license will be for the duration of the
Licensor’s patent pertaining to the face plate used in the HUD and will be exclusive. It allows us to practice the invention in the USA in the commercial market. However, no
license is required for sales outside of the USA or sales to the government. We also will have to pay an annual license fee and royalties on commercial sales. We also expect the
Coda Octopus Echoscope® and HUD system will be included on the Approved Navy Use (ANU) list allowing the Navy and government bodies to acquire these items.

We anticipate that a small number of GEN 1 HUD units will be purchased across various Navy divisions and by NASA in 2020 for continued assessment. In the same time
frame, we also expect to receive R&D funding from the Navy to commence the second generation (GEN 2) development between in January 2020.

We further anticipate that the GEN 1 HUD will be operational in the Navy Fleet in early 2020.

27

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We budgeted a total of $500,000 for the development of the first prototype HUD in 2019 and have largely expended this amount.

We believe we have reached the pinnacle of our current R&D investments in our products and we would expect that in 2020 these expenditures will remain approximately at the
2019 level. Furthermore, we expect that GEN 2 of the HUD will be funded by the Navy.

Changes in this category by Segment are set out immediately below:

Description
Marine Technology Business (Products Segment) 2019FY
Marine Technology Business (Products Segment) 2018FY
Marine Engineering Business (Services Segment) 2019 FY
Marine Engineering Business (Services Segment) 2018 FY
Coda Octopus Group, Inc. 2019 FY (representing the HUD Costs)
Coda Octopus Group, Inc. 2018 FY

Amount

% increase /
(decrease)

$
$
$
$
$
$

2,208,749   
2,048,205   
146,061   
455,414   
446,521   
Nil   

7.4%

(64.93%)

Infinite

We believe that we are at the point where we can now manage down R&D expenditures as we have achieved a number of significant development milestones. We will continue
to innovate but we believe our 2020 focus will be in the areas of developing the market for our newly innovated and launched products – thus redirecting investments into sales
and marketing.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A):

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

7,374,551 

$

6,779,881   

Percentage Change
Increase of 8.8%

Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Group for the year ended October 31, 2019 compared to the year ended October 31, 2018

Expenditure

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

Wages and Salaries
Legal and Professional Fees (including accounting, audit and investment
banking services)
Rent for our various locations
Marketing

$

$
$
$

3,048,783   

1,046,005   
85,303   
173,810   

$

$
$
$

3,070,548   

1,054,379   
84,462   
125,411   

Percentage Change
Decrease of .7%

Decrease of 0.8%
Increase of 1%
Increase of 38.6%

In our core areas of reporting on SG&A expenditures, variations between the 2019 FY and the 2018 FY were relatively modest, except in the category of Marketing where we
expect this to continue to increase to reflect the increased marketing and sales related activities we will be performing in connection with our various product launches and
strategy to increase our sales, mainly in the Products Segment. We intend to launch some significant products in 2020 and we are refocusing our investments from R&D to sales
and marketing. We therefore expect SG&A to increase to reflect investments we are making in recruiting a number of senior sales personnel across the Group.

In the 2020 FY, we expect to invest more in Marketing where we have a number of significant new products to bring to market including our 5th Gen 5D and 6D sonars and our
Head Up Display (HUD) real time diving solutions for both the defense and commercial markets. The investment involves bringing in new sales and marketing staff, attending
more trade events and travelling to see potential customers.

In respect of the category “Rent”, we expect this to be substantially lower in the 2020 period as most of our facilities associated with our operations are owned, except for our
premises in Denmark where we have taken on new premises to ensure that we can continue to operate in the European Union irrespective of the outcome of Brexit (see the
beginning of Item 7 where we discuss Brexit and its implications for our business, more fully).

In the 2019 FY we had expenses of $650,409 for stock based compensation (a non-cash item) as compared to $448,449 in the corresponding 2018 FY.

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income:

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

6,253,437 

$

3,310,767   

Percentage Change
Increase of 88.9%

In the 2019 FY both operating businesses (Products and Services) largely performed their business plan which resulted in an increase in revenues even though Gross Margins
were less and R&D and SG&A increased.

Interest Expense:

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

91,096 

$

249,090   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 63.4%

On or around April 28, 2017 we entered into a Senior Secured Debenture Instrument with HSBC NA (“HSBC Debenture”) for an amount of $8,000,000 (“Proceeds”). This
HSBC Debenture has an interest rate of 4.56% per annum. The Proceeds from the HSBC Debenture were used to repay an existing Senior Debenture which was obtained in
2007. As the interest payable under the HSBC Debenture was significantly lower, this resulted in this category of interest being reduced over time.

On  or  around  March  28,  2018,  using  proceeds  from  a  capital  raise,  the  Company  reduced  its  indebtedness  under  the  HSBC  Debenture  to  approximately  $1,917,602. As  of
October 31, 2019, our balance on the HSBC Debenture was $1,059,574. The amortization schedule for the HSBC Debenture is set out in Note 8 of the audited Consolidated
Financial Statements of October 31, 2019 and 2018.

Due to the events described in the preceding paragraph, our interest expense was reduced significantly in the 2019 FY.

Other Income:

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

70,212 

$

41,222   

Percentage Change
Increase of 70.3%

The make-up of this category is UK Value Added Tax rebates from purchases made outside of the European Union by our UK operations and is subject to fluctuations based
upon the amount of those purchases.

Net Income before Income taxes for the year ended October 31, 2019 compared to the year ended October 31, 2018

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

6,232,553 

$

3,102,899   

Percentage Change
Increase of 100.9%

In the 2019 FY, Net Income before taxes was considerably greater as a result of a 39.7% increase in our revenues over the 2018 FY. Although margins were lower in the 2019
FY,  Gross  Profit  was  up  along  with  an  increase  of  100.6%  increase  in  our  Income  from  Operations,  despite  significant  increases  in  both  R&D  and  SG&A  expenditures
(increased by 12.5% during this fiscal year).

Net Income after Income taxes for the year ended October 31, 2019 compared to the year ended October 31, 2018

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

5,225,199 

$

4,988,531   

Percentage Change
Increase of 4.7%

Although Net Income after taxes increased by 7.6% in the 2019 FY, the increase is not proportional to our 2018 FY net financial results. This is due to the Company in the 2018
FY recognizing and recording a tax benefit of $1,754,169 as a result of management’s judgement in the 2018 FY that the probability of utilizing the Company’s Net Operating
Loss (“NOLs”) carry forwards had materially increased. In the 2018 FY, our Net Income after tax included a tax benefit of $1,754,169 whereas in the 2019 FY the Company
recorded a tax expense of $1,007,354.

Comprehensive Income for the year ended October 31, 2019 compared to the year ended October 31, 2018

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2018

$

5,318,454 

$

4,798,299   

Percentage Change
Increase of 10.8%

We conduct a large part of our business in various foreign currencies, for example, the British pound and Australian Dollars.

This category is affected by foreign currency adjustments during the reporting period. In the 2019 FY we had a gain of $93,255 compared to a loss of $190,232 in the 2018 FY.
There are generally significant foreign currency fluctuations particularly between the US$ (our reporting currency) and the British Pound. Since the UK decided to leave the
European Union the British pound has been falling significantly against the US dollar (see Note 2 paragraph n of Notes to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for
October 31, 2019 and 2018 for fuller information regarding our Foreign Currency Translation policy). See also Item 7 (Management Discussions and Analysis of Financial
Conditions and Results of Operations), where we discuss “Currency Risks”.

Segment Analysis

We are operating in two reportable segments, which are managed separately based upon fundamental differences in their operations. Segment operating income is total segment
revenue reduced by operating expenses identifiable with the business segment. Overhead includes general corporate administrative costs.

29

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon operating income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described
in the summary of accounting policies.

There are inter-segment sales in the table below which have been eliminated from our financial statements. However, for the purpose of segment reporting, these inter-segment
sales are included in the table below only.

The following tables summarize certain balance sheet and statement of operations information by reportable segment for the financial years ending October 31, 2019 and 2018,
respectively.

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Revenues from External Customers

$

12,908,110 

$

12,148,824   

$

-   

$

25,056,934 

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income

Interest (Expense)

Total Other Income (Expense)

2,519,768 

10,388,342 

2,208,749 
3,080,134 

5,288,883 

5,099,459 

70,186 

(10,564)  

59,622 

6,107,847   

6,040,977   

146,061   
2,492,410   

-   

-   

446,521   
1,802,007   

8,627,615 

16,429,319 

2,801,331 
7,374,551 

2,638,471   

2,248,528   

10,175,882 

3,402,506   

(2,248,528)  

6,253,437 

26   

(14,820)  

(14,794)  

-   

(65,712)  

(65,712)  

70,212 

(91,096)

(20,884)

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

5,159,081 

3,387,712   

(2,314,240)  

6,232,553 

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
Current Tax Benefit
Deferred Tax (Expense)

Total Income Tax (Expense)

(9,391)  
(336,101)  

(345,492)  

33,454   
(496,318)  

(462,864)  

15,359   
(214,357)  

39,422 
(1,046,776)

(198,998)  

(1,007,354)

Net Income (Loss)

$

4,813,589 

$

2,924,848   

$

(2,513,238)  

$

5,225,199 

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended October 31, 2018

Revenues from External Customers

  $

11,449,416 

  $

6,570,013    $

-    $

18,019,429 

Marine
Technology
Business
(Products)

Marine
Engineering
Business
(Services)

Overhead

Total

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income
Interest (Expense) Income

1,894,808 

3,462,259     

9,554,608 

2,048,285 
2,882,049 

4,930,334 

4,624,274 

3,107,754     

523,429     
2,366,226     

-     

-     

-     
1,531,606     

5,357,067 

12,662,362 

2,571,714 
6,779,881 

2,889,655     

1,531,606     

9,351,595 

218,099     

(1,531,606)    

3,310,767 

39,122 
(12,154)    

2,100     
(59,599)    

-     
(177,337)    

41,222 
(249,090)

Total Other Income (Expense)

26,968 

(57,499)    

(177,337)    

(207,868)

Net Income (Loss) before income taxes

4,651,242 

160,600     

(1,708,943)    

3,102,899 

Income refund (expense)
Deferred tax benefit

Income benefit (expense)

Net Income (Loss)

133,419 
- 

133,419 

-     
-     

-     

(1,956)    
1,754,169     

131,463 
1,754,169 

1,752,213     

1,885,632 

  $

4,784,661 

  $

160,600    $

43,270    $

4,988,531 

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
   
      
      
  
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

At  October  31,  2019,  the  Company  had  an  accumulated  deficit  of  $26,769,207,  working  capital  of  $21,112,407  and  stockholders’  equity  of  $30,627,773.  For  the  year  then
ended, the Company generated cash flow from operations of $6,391,269.

We believe that our current level of cash and cash generation will be sufficient to meet our short and medium-term liquidity needs. At October 31, 2019, we had cash on hand of
approximately $11.7 million and both billed and unbilled receivables of approximately $6.7 million. Our current cash balance represents approximately 18 months of Selling,
General and Administrative Expenses. The Company continues to critically evaluate the level of expenses that we incur and reduce those expenses as appropriate.

Furthermore,  on  or  around  November  26,  2019,  the  Company  was  granted  a  revolving  line  of  credit  of  $4  million  from  HSBC  NA.  This  line  of  credit  is  available  to  the
Company for short term working capital. All amounts under the Revolving Line of Credit are payable at the end of each financial year. The facility is renewable annually. To
date, the Company has not borrowed any funds under this credit line, and it has no current intent to borrow any funds under the arrangement in the near future.

Our main liquidity issues are funding our research and development program (“R&D”) which requires significant expenditures in attracting engineering skills and incurring
non-recoverable and non-recurring costs for researching, developing and prototyping products; managing our currency exposure; and servicing our senior secured debentures.

We  have  a  significant  concern  about  adverse  currency  fluctuations  and  the  effect  that  those  currency  fluctuations  have  on  our  operations  and  profitability. As  mentioned
previously, Brexit has had a significant negative effect on the value of the British pound versus the US Dollar. A significant portion of our business is in the United Kingdom
and the substantial decrease in the value of the British pound is reflected in lower revenues for our product sales. In addition, all our loans are denominated in US Dollars, which
means that the dollar value of those loans has effectively gone up since these are partially serviced with British Pounds. The UK is poised to leave the European Union on
January 31, 2020 and fundamental uncertainties will continue until its’ future relationship with the European Union member states is clarified. While we have chosen not to
hedge any of our currency exposure, we continue to evaluate the need to do so and will consider a hedging strategy if and when appropriate.

Operating Activities

Net cash generated from operating activities for the year ended October 31, 2019 was $6,391,269. We recorded net income for the period of $5,225,199. Other items in uses and
sources  of  funds  from  operations  included  non-cash  charges  related  to  depreciation  and  amortization  and  stock-based  compensation,  which  collectively  totaled  $1,493,399.
Changes in operating assets decreased net cash from operating activities by $645,553 and changes in current liabilities increased net cash from operating activities by $318,224.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities for the year ended October 31, 2019 was $1,582,558.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended October 31, 2019 was $692,705 as a result of paying down the debt of the Company and issuing stock for cash.

Secured Promissory Note

On April 28, 2017, Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (the “Company”) together with its wholly owned US subsidiaries, Coda Octopus Products, Inc. and Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc.
(together, the “Subsidiaries”), entered into a loan agreement with HSBC Bank NA (the “Lender”) for a loan in the principal amount of $8,000,000 (the “Loan”). The annual
interest rate is fixed at 4.56%.

The obligations in connection with the repayment of the Loan are secured by all assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries. In addition, the repayment of the Loan is guaranteed
by three of the Company’s overseas subsidiaries.

In March 2018, the Company repaid a significant portion of the outstanding HSBC Debenture. As of October 31, 2019, we had $1,059,574 outstanding under this Debenture.
We anticipate that the remaining balance will be repaid within 22 months from the end of the 2019 fiscal year.

Private Placement

On  January  29,  2018  (“Transaction  Date”),  the  Company  consummated  the  sale  and  issuance  of  1,125,950  shares  of  its  common  stock  in  a  private  placement  of  shares  of
common stock at $4.40 per share (the “Offering”). Total gross proceeds from the Offering were $4,954,180. The purchase price per share was based on a 10% discount of the
volume weighted average price of the common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market for the 30-consecutive trading-day period ending on January 22, 2018. For a period of 36
months  from  the  Transaction  Date,  the  investors  also  have  the  right  to  purchase,  based  on  their  pro-rata  ownership  of  common  stock,  shares  (or  securities  convertible  into
shares) offered in subsequent offerings, subject to certain limited exceptions.

Foreign Currency

The  Company  maintains  its  books  in  local  currency:  US  Dollars  for  its  US  operations,  Pounds  Sterling  for  its  United  Kingdom  operations,  Danish  Kroner  for  its  Danish
operations and Australian Dollars for its Australian operations.

For  the  fiscal  year  ended  2019,  54%  of  the  Company’s  operations  were  conducted  inside  the  United  States  and  46%  outside  the  United  States  through  its  wholly  owned
subsidiaries. As  a  result,  fluctuations  in  currency  exchange  rates  may  significantly  affect  the  Company’s  sales,  profitability,  balance  sheet  valuations  and  financial  position
when the foreign currencies of its international operations are translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting. In addition, we are also subject to currency fluctuation risks
with respect to certain foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. Although the Company cannot predict the extent to which currency fluctuations may affect the
Company’s  business  and  financial  position,  there  is  a  risk  that  such  fluctuations  will  have  an  adverse  impact  on  the  Company’s  sales,  profits,  balance  sheet  valuations  and
financial position. Because differing portions of our revenues and costs are denominated in foreign currency, movements in those currencies could impact our margins by, for
example, decreasing our foreign revenues when the dollar strengthens and not correspondingly decreasing our expenses. The Company does not currently hedge its currency
exposure. In the future, we may engage in hedging transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risk.

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The translation of the Company’s UK operations’ British Pound denominated balance sheets and results of operations into US dollars was affected by changes in the average
value of the US dollar against the British Pound. The average exchange rate during the 2019 period was $1.275 USD to the GBP against $1.3420 USD to the GBP during the
2018 period – a decline of the value of the GBP against the USD of 5.3%.

The translation of the Company’s Australian operations’ Australian Dollar denominated balance sheets and results of operations into US dollars was affected by changes in the
average value of the US dollar against the Australian Dollar. The average exchange rate during the 2019 period was $0.7007 against $0.7534 USD to the AUD during the 2018
period – a decline of the value of the AUD against the USD of 7.5%.

The  translation  of  the  Company’s  Danish  operation’s  Danish  Kroner  (DKK)  denominated  balance  sheets  and  results  of  operations  into  US  dollars  was  minimal  and  had  no
material impact on our results.

These are the values that have been used in the calculations below.

The impact of these currency fluctuations on the 2019 period is shown below:

British Pounds

Australian Dollar

Danish Kroner

Revenues
Costs
Net profit (losses)
Assets
Liabilities
Net assets

    11,484,964      12,092,234     
    3,455,893      3,638,624     
    8,029,071      8,453,610     
    17,560,556      17,357,954     
(1,542,232)    
    16,000,323      15,815,722     

(1,560,233)    

Actual
Results

    Constant

Rates

Actual
    Results

Actual
    Results

    Constant    
Rates

Actual
Results

US Dollar
    Constant

Rates

    Constant    
Rates
582,793     
11,961     
570,832     
770,336     
(20,580)    
749,756     

542,072     
11,125     
530,947     
748,622     
(20,000)    
728,622     

-     
-     
-     
23,260     
3,880     
27,140     

-      12,027,036      12,675,027     
-      3,467,018      3,650,585     
-      8,560,018      9,024,442     
23,655      18,332,438      18,151,945     
(1,576,353)    
27,601      16,756,085      16,756,085     

(1,576,353)    

3,946     

Total
Effect
(647,991)
(183,567)
(464,424)
180,493 
(17,487)
163,006 

This table shows that the effect of constant exchange rates, versus the actual exchange rate fluctuations, decreased net income for the year by $464,424 and increased net assets
by $163,006. All of these amounts are material to our overall financial results.

The United Kingdom’s continued relationship with the European Union introduces some ongoing uncertainty which, among other things, is likely to see significant volatility in
the UK Pound against major currencies including the US Dollar. This volatility is likely to impact revenues and balance sheet consolidated valuation, since a significant part of
our operations are in the United Kingdom. While we have chosen not to hedge any of our currency exposure, we continue to evaluate on an ongoing basis the cost benefit
analysis of doing so.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

The effect of inflation on the Company’s operating results was not significant during the 2019 period.

34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Reference is made to the Index of Financial statements following Part III of this Report for a listing of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or
submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission’s  rules  and  forms.  Disclosure  controls  and  procedures  include,  without  limitation,  controls  and  procedures  designed  to  ensure  that
information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal
executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The  Company’s  management,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  (and  principal  accounting)
Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-
15(e)  of  the  Exchange Act)  as  of  October  31,  2019.  Based  upon  that  evaluation  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  concluded  that  the  Company’s
disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  by,  or  under  the  supervision  of,  a  public  company’s  principal  executive  and  principal  financial
officers,  or  persons  performing  similar  functions,  and  effected  by  the  board  of  directors,  management  and  other  personnel,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  (“GAAP”)
including those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of
the assets of the company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP,
and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive
Officer  and  Group  Financial  Officer,  has  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  October  31,  2019.  In  making  this  assessment,  our
management  used  the  criteria  established  in Internal  Control—Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission
(COSO 2013 Framework). Based on its assessment, our management believes that, as of October 31, 2019 our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on
those criteria.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to
provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have made material changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. During the fiscal year ended October 31,
2019 we took steps to bolster internal control over financial reporting. As part of that process, we added additional layers of review. We hired an outside consultant to help
perform additional review functions and properly segregate duties. Based on its assessment, our management believes that, as of October 31, 2019, our internal control over
financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors and Executive Officers

The following persons are the executive officers and directors as of the date hereof:

 PART III

Name
Annmarie Gayle
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham
Michael Hamilton
Captain Charlie Plumb
Mary Losty
Tyler G. Runnels

Age
54
67
50
72
77
60
63

  Position
  Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
  Chief Financial Officer, Chief Executive Officer of Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc.

President of Technology

  Director
  Director
  Director
  Director

Annmarie  Gayle  has  been  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  since  2011  and  our  Chairman  since  March  2017.  She  is  also  our  Chief
Executive Officer for our flagship products business, Coda Octopus Products, Limited (UK) since 2013. Prior thereto, she spent two years assisting with the restructuring of
our  Company.  She  previously  served  with  the  Company  as  Senior  Vice  President  of  Legal Affairs  between  2006  and  2007.  Earlier  in  her  career  she  worked  for  a  leading
London law practice specializing in Intellectual Property Rights, the United Nations and the European Union. Ms. Gayle has a strong background in restructuring and has spent
more than 12 years in a number of countries where she has been the lead adviser to a number of transitional administrations on privatizing banks and reforming state-owned
assets  in  the  Central  Eastern  European  countries  including  banking,  infrastructure,  mining  and  telecommunications  assets.  Ms.  Gayle  has  also  managed  a  number  of  large
European  Union  funded  projects.  Ms.  Gayle  holds  a  Law  degree  gained  at  the  University  of  London  and  a  Masters  of  Law  degree  in  International  Commercial  Law  from
Cambridge  University.  She  is  qualified  to  practice  as  a  solicitor  in  England  &  Wales.  Because  of  her  wealth  of  experience  in  corporate  governance,  large  scale  project
management, restructuring, strategy, structuring and managing corporate transactions, we believe that she is highly qualified to act as our Chief Executive Officer.

Michael Midgley has been our Chief Financial Officer since December 2017 and our acting Chief Financial Officer since 2013. He has also been Chief Executive Officer of
Colmek since 2010, which he joined in 2008. He is a qualified CPA and has had his own practice as well as working for regional accounting firms, specializing in SEC and Tax
practice areas. Mr. Midgley attended the University of Utah where he obtained a BA in Accounting. Due to Mr. Midgley’s expertise in financial reporting, we believe that he is
highly qualified to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

Blair Cunningham has been with the Company since July 2004 and has had a number of roles including President of Technology and CEO of Coda Octopus Products, Inc.
(current positions), Chief Technology Officer since 2005 and Technical Manager of Coda Octopus Products Ltd between July 2004 and July 2005. Mr. Cunningham received an
HND  in  Computer  Science  in  1989  from  Moray  College  of  Further  Education,  Elgin,  Scotland.  Because  of  Mr.  Cunningham’s  expertise  in  technology,  systems  software
development and project management, the Company believes that he is highly qualified to serve in his current roles.

Michael Hamilton  was  our  Chairman  of  the  Board  between  June  2010  and  March  2017.  He  is  currently  serving  as  an  independent  director  of  our  Board.  Since  2014,  Mr.
Hamilton has provided accounting and valuation services for a varied list of clients. He was Senior Vice President of Powerlink Transmission Company from 2011 through
2014. From 1988 to 2003, he was an audit partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from St. Frances College and is a certified public
accountant and is accredited in business valuation. Because of Mr. Hamilton’s background in auditing, strategic corporate finance solutions, financial management and financial
reporting, we believe that he is highly qualified to be a member of our Board of Directors.

G. Tyler Runnels was elected as a director at the 2018 annual meeting to fill a vacancy. Mr. Runnels has nearly 30 years of investment banking experience including debt and
equity financings, private placements, mergers and acquisitions, initial public offerings, bridge financings, and financial restructurings. Since 2003 Mr. Runnels has been the
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of T.R. Winston & Company, LLC, an investment bank and member of FINRA, where he began working in 1990. Mr. Runnels was an
early stage investor in our company and T.R. Winston & Company, LLC has served as our exclusive placement agent in one of our private placements raising early rounds of
capital for our company. Mr. Runnels has successfully completed and advised on numerous transactions for clients in a variety of industries, including healthcare, oil and gas,
business services, manufacturing, and technology. Mr. Runnels is also responsible for working with high net worth clients seeking to diversify their portfolios to include real
estate products through established relationships with real estate brokers, accountants, attorneys, qualified intermediaries and financial advisors. Prior to joining T.R. Winston &
Co., LLC, Mr. Runnels held the position of Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance for H.J. Meyers & Company, a regional investment bank.  Mr. Runnels received a B.S.
and MBA from Pepperdine University. Mr. Runnels holds FINRA Series 7, 24, 55, 63 and 79 licenses.

36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Captain J. Charles Plumb has been a member of Coda’s Board of Directors since September 2019. Captain Plumb is a retired U.S. Navy fighter pilot. On his 75th  combat
mission, just five days before the end of his tour in Vietnam, he was shot down over Hanoi, taken prisoner and tortured. During his nearly six years as a prisoner of war, he
distinguished himself as a pro in underground communications. He was a great inspiration to all the other POWs and served as chaplain for two years. Following his repatriation,
Captain Plumb continued his Navy flying career in Reserve Squadrons where he flew A-4 Sky Hawks, A-7 Corsairs and FA-18 Hornets. His last two commands as a Naval
Reservist were on the Aircraft Carrier Corral Sea and at Fighter Air Wing in California. He retired from the United States Navy after 28 years of service. His military honors
include two Purple Hearts, the Legion of Merit, the Silver Star, the Bronze Star and the P.O.W. Medal. He has been a motivational speaker, consultant and executive coach
since  1973.  His  clients  include  General  Motors,  Fedex,  Hilton, Aflac,  the  U.S.  Navy,  BMW  and  NASA.  Since  2010,  he  has  been  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the
Lightspeed Aviation Foundation. Captain Plumb earned a B.S. in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. We selected Captain Plumb because of his
close ties to the U.S. Defense establishment.

Mary Losty has been a director since July 2017. She is a private investor in both US equities and real estate. She currently serves as Commissioner on both Dorchester County
and the City of Cambridge, Maryland’s Planning and Zoning Commissions. She also serves as a Committeeman for the Eastern Shore Land Conservancy as well as the Pine
Street Committee of Cambridge, MD. She served as a member of the Board of Procera Networks, Inc. from March 2007 until that company was successfully sold in June 2015
to a private equity firm. She was a member of that company’s Audit Committee and the former Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee. Ms. Losty was a
director  of  Blue  Earth,  Inc.  (formerly  Genesis  Fluid  Solutions  Holdings,  Inc.)  from  2009  to  2011.  Ms.  Losty  retired  in  2010  as  the  General  Partner  at  Cornwall  Asset
Management, LLC, a portfolio management firm located in Baltimore, Maryland, where she was responsible for the firm’s investment in numerous companies since 1998. Ms.
Losty’s prior experience includes working as a portfolio manager at Duggan & Associates from 1992 to 1998 and as an equity research analyst at M. Kimelman & Company
from  1990  to  1992.  Prior  to  that,  she  worked  as  an  investment  banker  at  Morgan  Stanley  and  Co.,  and  for  several  years  prior  to  that  she  was  the  top  aide  to  James  R.
Schlesinger, a five-time U.S. cabinet secretary. Ms. Losty received both her BS and JD from Georgetown University, the latter with magna cum laude distinction. We believe
that Ms. Losty’s extensive dealings with the investment community makes her highly qualified to be a member of our Board of Directors.

Family Relationships

Other than Tyler Runnels and Charlie Plumb who are brothers in law, none of our Directors are related by blood, marriage, or adoption to any other Director, executive officer,
or other key employees.

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board Leadership Structure

The Board of Directors is currently chaired by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Annmarie Gayle. The Company believes that combining the positions of Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors helps to ensure that the Board of Directors and management act with a common purpose. Integrating the positions of
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman can provide a clear chain of command to execute the Company’s strategic initiatives. The Company also believes that it is advantageous
to have a Chairman with an extensive history with, and knowledge of, the Company. Notwithstanding the combined role of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, key strategic
initiatives and decisions involving the Company are discussed and approved by the entire Board of Directors. The Company believes that the current leadership structure and
processes maintains an effective oversight of management and independence of the Board of Directors as a whole without separate designation of a lead independent director.
However, the Board of Directors will continue to monitor its functioning and will consider appropriate changes to ensure the effective independent function of the Board of
Directors in its oversight responsibilities.

Independence of the Board of Directors and its Committees

After  review  of  all  relevant  transactions  or  relationships  between  each  director,  or  any  of  his  or  her  family  members,  and  the  Company,  its  senior  management  and  its
Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting  Firm,  the  Board  of  Directors  has  determined  that  all  of  the  Company’s  directors  are  independent  within  the  meaning  of  the
applicable  NASDAQ  listing  standards,  except  Ms.  Gayle,  the  Company’s  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  Officer.  The  Board  of  Directors  met  four  times  and  acted  by
unanimous written consent four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. Each member of the Board of Directors attended all meetings of the Board of Directors
held in the last fiscal year during the period for which he or she was a director and of the meetings of the committees on which he or she served in the last fiscal year during the
period for which he or she was a committee member.

The Board of Directors has three committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee. Below is a description of each committee of
the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of each committee meets the applicable rules and regulations regarding “independence” and
that each member is free of any relationship that would interfere with his or her individual exercise of independent judgment with regard to the Company.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting process. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs
several functions. The Audit Committee, among other things: evaluates the performance, and assesses the qualifications, of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm;
determines and pre-approves the engagement of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to perform all proposed audit, review and attest services; reviews and pre-
approves the retention of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to perform any proposed, permissible non-audit services; determines whether to retain or terminate
the existing Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm or to appoint and engage a new independent registered Public Accounting Firm for the ensuing year; confers with
management and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm regarding the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; establishes procedures as required
under applicable law, for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and
the confidential and anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; reviews the financial statements to be included in
the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Company’s periodic quarterly filings on Form 10-Q, recommends whether or not such financial statements should be so
included;  and  discusses  with  management  and  the  Independent  Registered  Public Accounting  Firm  the  results  of  the  annual  audit  and  review  of  the  Company’s  quarterly
financial statements.

The Audit Committee is currently composed of three outside directors: Michael Hamilton (Chairman), Mary Losty and Captain J. Charles Plumb. The Audit Committee met
five times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. The Audit Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, www.codaoctopusgroup.com.

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Board of Directors periodically reviews the NASDAQ listing standards’ definition of independence for Audit Committee members and has determined that all members of
the Company’s Audit Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) of the NASDAQ listing standards and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the
Securities  Exchange  Act,  as  amended).  The  Board  of  Directors  has  determined  that  Michael  Hamilton  qualifies  as  an  “audit  committee  financial  expert,”  as  defined  in
applicable SEC rules. The Board of Directors made a qualitative assessment of Mr. Hamilton’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including his
formal education and his service in executive capacities having financial oversight responsibilities.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors reviews, modifies and approves the overall compensation strategy and policies for the Company. The Compensation
Committee,  among  other  things,  reviews  and  approves  corporate  performance  goals  and  objectives  relevant  to  the  compensation  of  the  Company’s  officers;  determines  and
approves  the  compensation  and  other  terms  of  employment  of  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer;  determines  and  approves  the  compensation  and  other  terms  of
employment of the other officers of the Company; and administers the Company’s stock option and purchase plans, pension and profit sharing plans and other similar programs.

The  Compensation  Committee  is  composed  of  three  outside  directors:  Chairman  Captain  J.  Charles  Plumb,  Mary  Losty  and  G.  Tyler  Runnels.  All  members  of  the
Compensation Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards). The Compensation Committee met three
times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. The Compensation Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, www.codaoctopusgroup.com.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

No  member  of  our  compensation  committee  has  at  any  time  been  an  employee  of  ours.  None  of  our  executive  officers  serves  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  or
compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee.

Nominating Committee

The  Nominating  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors  is  responsible  for,  among  other  things,  identifying,  reviewing  and  evaluating  candidates  to  serve  as  directors  of  the
Company; reviewing, evaluating and considering incumbent directors; recommending to the Board of Directors for selection candidates for election to the Board of Directors;
making  recommendations  to  the  Board  of  Directors  regarding  the  membership  of  the  committees  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  assessing  the  performance  of  the  Board  of
Directors.

The  Nominating  and  Governance  Committee  is  currently  composed  of  three  outside  directors:  Mary  Losty  (Chair),  G.  Tyler  Runnels  and  Captain  J.  Charles  Plumb. All
members  of  the  Nominating  Committee  are  independent  (as  independence  is  currently  defined  in  Rule  5605(a)(2)  of  the  NASDAQ  listing  standards).  The  Nominating
Committee  met  three  of  times  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  October  31,  2019.  The  Nominating  Committee  Charter  is  available  on  the  Company’s  website,
www.codaoctopusgroup.com.

The Nominating Committee has not established any specific minimum qualifications that must be met for recommendation for a position on the Board of Directors. Instead, in
considering  candidates  for  director  the  Nominating  Committee  will  generally  consider  all  relevant  factors,  including  among  others  the  candidate’s  applicable  education,
expertise and demonstrated excellence in his or her field, the usefulness of the expertise to the Company, the availability of the candidate to devote sufficient time and attention
to the affairs of the Company, the candidate’s reputation for personal integrity and ethics and the candidate’s ability to exercise sound business judgment. Other relevant factors,
including diversity, experience and skills, will also be considered. Candidates for director are reviewed in the context of the existing membership of the Board of Directors
(including the qualities and skills of the existing directors), the operating requirements of the Company and the long-term interests of its stockholders.

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Nominating Committee considers each director’s executive experience and his or her familiarity and experience with the various operational, scientific and/or financial
aspects of managing companies in our industry.

With respect to diversity, the Nominating Committee seeks a diverse group of individuals who have executive leadership experience and a complementary mix of backgrounds
and  skills  necessary  to  provide  meaningful  oversight  of  the  Company’s  activities.  The  Nominating  Committee  annually  reviews  the  Board’s  composition  in  light  of  the
Company’s changing requirements. The Nominating Committee uses the Board of Director’s network of contacts when compiling a list of potential director candidates and may
also engage outside consultants. Pursuant to its charter, the Nominating Committee will consider, but not necessarily recommend to the Board of Directors, potential director
candidates recommended by stockholders. All potential director candidates are evaluated based on the factors set forth above, and the Nominating Committee has established
no special procedure for the consideration of director candidates recommended by stockholders.

Employment Agreements

Annmarie Gayle

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated March 16, 2017, the Company employs Ms. Gayle as its Chief Executive Officer on a full-time basis and a member of
its Board of Directors. Effective July 1, 2019, Ms. Gayle’s annual salary was revised from $230,000 to $305,000. She is also entitled to an annual performance bonus of up to
$100,000, upon achieving certain targets that are to be defined on an annual basis. The agreement provides for 30 days of paid vacation in addition to public holidays observed
in Scotland.

The agreement has no definitive term and may be terminated only upon twelve months’ prior written notice by Ms. Gayle. In the event that the Company terminates her at any
time without cause, she is entitled to a payment equal to her annual salary as well as a separation bonus of $150,000. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause,
immediately  and  without  notice. Among  others,  “for  cause”  includes  gross  misconduct,  a  serious  or  repeated  breach  of  the  agreement  and  negligence  and  incompetence  as
reasonably determined by the Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

Blair Cunningham

Under the terms of an employment contract dated January 1, 2013, our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus Products, Inc. employs Blair Cunningham as its Chief Executive
Officer and President of Technology. He is being paid an annual base salary of $200,000 with effect from January 1, 2020, subject to review by the Company’s Chief Executive
Officer. Mr. Cunningham is entitled to 25 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The agreement may be terminated only upon twelve-month prior written notice without cause. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, immediately and without
notice. Among others, “for cause” includes gross misconduct, a serious or repeated breach of the agreement and negligence and incompetence as reasonably determined by the
Company’s Board. The agreement includes an 18-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

Michael Midgley

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated June 1, 2011, Mike Midgley was appointed the Chief Executive Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus
Colmek, Inc and our Chief Financial Officer. He is being paid an annual salary of $210,000 with effect from January 1, 2020 subject to an annual review by Colmek’s Board of
Directors and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Midgley is entitled to 20 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The  agreement  may  be  terminated  at  any  time  upon  4  months  prior  written  notice.  The  Company  may  terminate  the  agreement  for  cause,  immediately  and  without  notice.
Among  others,  “for  cause”  includes  gross  misconduct,  a  serious  or  repeated  breach  of  the  agreement  and  negligence  and  incompetence  as  reasonably  determined  by  the
Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision. On December 6, 2017, the board of directors of the Company appointed
Mr. Midgley to be the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. In connection with this appointment, all rights and obligations under Mr. Midgley’s employment agreement with
Colmek were transferred to and have been assumed by the Company.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics for all our employees, including our chief executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, and/or
persons performing similar functions, which is available on our website, under the link entitled “Code of Ethics”.

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The  Summary  Compensation  Table  shows  certain  compensation  information  for  services  rendered  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  October  31,  2019  and  2018  by  our  executive
officers.  The  following  information  includes  the  dollar  value  of  base  salaries,  bonus  awards,  stock  options  grants  and  certain  other  compensation,  if  any,  whether  paid  or
deferred.

Name and Principal
Position

Annmarie Gayle**
Chief Executive Officer

Michael Midgley
Chief Financial Officer

Blair Cunningham
President of Technology

Salary
($)

Bonus
($)

Restricted
Stock
Awards
($)

Option
Awards
($)

* All Other
Compensation    
($)

Total
($)

255,003 
230,000 

200,000 
200,000 

179,000 
172,000 

-0- 
-0- 

-0- 
-0- 

-0- 
-0- 

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

7,479   
11,558   

18,952   
18,085   

255,003 
230,000 

207,579 
211,558 

197,952 
190,085 

Year

2019
2018

2019
2018

2019
2018

*The amounts described in the category of “All Other Compensation” comprise Health, Dental, Vision, Short Term Disability, Long Term Disability and Accidental Death and
Dismemberment insurance premiums which the Company contributed to the officers’ identified plan.

**Ms. Gayle’s salary was revised effective July 1, 2019.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  compensation  paid  to  each  of  our  directors  (who  are  not  also  officers  of  the  Company)  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  October  31,  2019,  in
connection with their services to the company. In accordance with the Commission’s rules, the table omits columns showing items that are not applicable. Except as set forth in
the table, no other persons were paid any compensation for director services.

Name
Michael Hamilton
Per Wimmer*
Captain J Charles Plumb
Mary Losty
Tyler G Runnels

Fees Earned 
or Paid in 
Cash ($)

Stock Awards 
($)

Total 
($)

40,000 
36,556 
3,444 
40,000 
40,000 

-   
-   
-   
-   
42,287   

40,000 
36,556 
3,444 
40,000 
82,287 

*Mr. Wimmer did not stand for re-election at our most recent annual meeting of stockholders and, accordingly, retired from our Board of Directors effective September 10,
2019.

2017 Stock Incentive Plan

On December 6, 2017, the Board of Directors adopted the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The purpose of the Plan is to advance the interests of the Company and its
stockholders  by  enabling  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  to  attract  and  retain  qualified  individuals  through  opportunities  for  equity  participation  in  the  Company,  and  to
reward  those  individuals  who  contribute  to  the  Company’s  achievement  of  its  economic  objectives.  The  Plan  was  adopted  subject  to  stockholders’  approval.  This  Plan  was
approved by Stockholders at its meeting held on or around July 24, 2018.

The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that will be available for issuance under the Plan is 913,612. The shares available for issuance under the Plan may, at the
election of the Committee, be either treasury shares or shares authorized but unissued, and, if treasury shares are used, all references in the Plan to the issuance of shares will, for
corporate law purposes, be deemed to mean the transfer of shares from treasury.

The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors which has the authority to determine all provisions of Incentive Awards as the Committee
may deem necessary or desirable and as consistent with the terms of the Plan, including, without limitation, the following: (i) eligible recipients; (ii) the nature and extent of the
Incentive Awards  to  be  made  to  each  Participant;  (iii)  the  time  or  times  when  Incentive Awards  will  be  granted;  (iv)  the  duration  of  each  Incentive Award;  and  (v)  the
restrictions and other conditions to which the payment or vesting of Incentive Awards may be subject.

On September 16, 2019, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan 2017 to a director of one of our
foreign subsidiaries for services rendered. These were valued at $260,500.

On  September  16,  2019,  the  Company  issued  a  total  of  5,357  shares  of  common  stock  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Company’s  Stock  Incentive  Plan  2017  to  one  of  its
employees for services rendered. These were valued at $55,820.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Under  the  Exchange Act,  our  directors,  our  executive  officers,  and  any  persons  holding  more  than  10%  of  our  common  stock  are  required  to  report  their  ownership  of  the
common stock and any changes in that ownership to the Securities and Exchange Commission. To our knowledge, based solely on our review of the copies of such reports
received or written representations from certain reporting persons that no other reports were required, except as set forth below, we believe that during our fiscal year ended
October 31, 2019, no reports relating to our securities required to be filed by current reporting persons were filed late.

Bryan Ezralow and the Bryan Ezralow 1994 Trust were late in their filing of a Form 4 relating to a transaction that took place on May 14, 2019.

Steven Emerson was late in his filing of a transaction that took place May 14, 2019.

G. Tyler Runnels, one of our directors, was late in his filing of a transaction that took place on July 25, 2019.

We will continue monitoring Section 16 compliance by each of our directors and executive officers and will assist them where possible in their filing obligations.

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth information as of January 22, 2020, regarding the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock, based on information provided by (i) each of our
executive  officers  and  directors;  (ii)  all  executive  officers  and  directors  as  a  group;  and  (iii)  each  person  who  is  known  by  us  to  beneficially  own  more  than  5%  of  the
outstanding shares of our Common Stock. The percentage ownership in this table is based on 10,721,881 shares issued and outstanding as of January 27, 2020.

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the following table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock that
they beneficially own.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
Michael Hamilton
Annmarie Gayle (2)
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham
J. Charles Plumb (3)
Mary Losty
Niels Sondergaard
Carit Etlars Vej 17A
8700 Horsens
Denmark
G. Tyler Runnels (4)
2049 Century Park East, Suite 320
Los Angeles, CA 90067
J. Steven Emerson (5)
1522 Ensley Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Bryan Ezralow (6)
23622 Calabasas Rd. Suite 200
Calabasas, CA 91302
FH Fentener van Vlissingen (7)
Albert Hahnplantsoen 23
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (Seven persons):

*) Less than 1%.

Amount and Nature
of Beneficial
Ownership of 
Common Stock

Percent of 
Common Stock

7,143   
13,037   
7,143   
24,297   
5,000   
82,143   

2,317,486   

1,141,232   

1,048,935   

1,083,610   

709,818   
1,399,308   

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

21.6%

10.6%

9.8%

10.2%

6.6%
13.1%

1) Unless otherwise indicated, the address of all individuals and entities listed below is c/o Coda Octopus Group, Inc. 3300 S Hiawassee Rd, Suite 104-105, Orlando, Florida,

32835.

2) Does not include 2,317,486 shares beneficially owned by Ms. Gayle’s domestic partner. Ms. Gayle disclaims any beneficial ownership in those shares.
3) Does not include 6,434 shares that vest in September 2020.

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4)

5)

Includes 1,032,052  shares  held  by  the  G.  Tyler  Runnels  and  Jasmine  Niklas  Runnels  TTEES  of  The Runnels  Family  Trust  DTD  1-11-2000  of  which  Mr.  Runnels  is  a
trustee; 252,700 shares held by T.R. Winston; 24,368 shares held by TRW Capital Growth Fund, Ltd.; and 14,286  shares held by Pangaea Partners. The Company has been
advised that Mr. Runnels has voting and dispositive power with respect to all of these shares.
Includes the following: 148,081 held by J. Steven Emerson IRA R/O II; 216,073 shares held by J. Steven Emerson Roth IRA; 49,328 shares held by the Brian Emerson
IRA; 310,928 shares held by Emerson Partners; 56,146 shares held by 1993 Emerson Family Trust; 8,286 shares held by the Alleghany Meadows IRA; and 8,286 shares
held by the Jill Meadows IRA. The Company has been advised that Mr. Emerson has voting and dispositive power with respect to all of these shares.

6) Consists of  1,012,569  shares  held  by  the  Bryan  Ezralow  1994  Trust  u/t/d  12/22/1994;  and  177,041  shares  held  by  EZ  MM&B  Holdings, LLC.  The  Company  has  been

advised that Mr. Ezralow has voting and dispositive power with respect to these shares.

7) According to filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Sandy Hills BV directly owns all of the shares reported herewith. Malabar Hill NV, as the statutory
director of Sandy Hills BV, and Drs F.H. van Vlissingen, as statutory director of Malabar  Hill NV, have voting and dispositive power over the shares held by Sandy Hills
BV.

 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

On October 24, 2016, our CEO provided a loan of $1,000,000 to our subsidiary Coda Octopus Colmek. The loan provided for 4.5% interest and a repayment date of November
30, 2018. This amount was repaid in full on or around December 24, 2018. No further amounts are payable to our CEO under the loan agreement.

On or around March 4, 2019, we sold residential property located in Orlando (purchased by the Company in February 2016) to one of our executive officers for $705,000 in
cash net of closing costs. The sale price was deemed fair market value based on a review of comparable sales and was approved by the Company’s board of directors. The
proceeds of this sale were used to purchase a business property in Orlando (Offices and Manufacturing Plant) for our ongoing expansion activities.

 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees. The aggregate fees billed by Frazier & Deeter, LLC, our principal accountants, for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual financial
statements for the last two fiscal years and for the reviews of the financial statements included in the Company’s Quarterly reports on Form 10-Q during the last two fiscal years
2019 and 2018 were $204,198 and $173,470 respectively.

Audit-Related  Fees.  The  aggregate  fees  billed  by  Frazier  &  Deeter,  LLC,  our  principal  accountants,  for  professional  services  rendered  in  connection  with  the  audits  of  the
Company, the review of and consent to the filing of registration statements, and assistance in responding to comment letters issued by the Securities & Exchange Commission
during the last two fiscal years 2019 and 2018 were $0 and $0, respectively.

Tax Fees. The Company did not engage its principal accountants to render any tax services to the Company during the last two fiscal years.

All Other Fees. The Company did not engage its principal accountants to render services to the Company during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.

Prior to the Company’s engagement of its independent auditor, such engagement is approved by the Company’s audit committee. The services provided under this engagement
may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to one year and any pre-approval is detailed as to the
particular  service  or  category  of  services  and  is  generally  subject  to  a  specific  budget.  Pursuant  to  the  Company’s Audit  Committee  Charter,  the  independent  auditors  and
management are required to report to the Company’s audit committee at least quarterly regarding the extent of services provided by the independent auditors in accordance with
this pre-approval, and the fees for the services performed to date. The audit committee may also pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis. All audit-related fees,
tax fees and other fees incurred by the Company for the year ended October 31, 2019, were approved by the Company’s audit committee.

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

Exhibit
Number   Description
2.1
3.1
3.1.1.
3.2
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33

  Plan and Agreement of Merger dated July 12, 2004 by and between Panda and Coda Octopus *
  Restated Certificate of Incorporation**
  Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock******
  By-Laws *
  Deed of Amendment to Loan Note Transaction Documents dated October 31, 2015 by and between the Company and CCM Holdings LLC***
  [Reserved]
  Employment Contract between Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and Mike Midgley****
  [Reserved]
  Employment Contract dated January 1, 2013 between Coda Octopus Products, Inc. and Blair Cunningham****
  Deed of Amendment to Loan Note Transaction Documents dated October 17, 2016 by and between the Company and CCM Holdings LLC**
  Deed of Amendment to Loan Note Transaction Documents dated November 1, 2016 by and between the Company and CCM Holdings LLC*****
  Employment Contract dated March 16, 2017 between the Company and Annmarie Gayle*****
  Loan Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2017, by and between Coda Octopus Group, Inc., Coda Octopus Products, Inc., Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and HSBC Bank

USA, N.A.******

10.34
10.35
10.36
14
23.1
31.1
32

  Form of Security Agreement, dated April 28, 2017******
  Promissory Note dated April 28, 2017******
  2017 Stock Incentive Plan*******
  Code of Ethics*******
  Consent of Frazier & Deeter, LLC (filed herewith)
  Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer Certification
  Certificate Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350

*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******   Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 for the year ended October 31, 2017

  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (SEC File No.143144)
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10.
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2007
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2010
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10/A filed March 29,2017
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 2, 2017

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

DATE: January 28, 2020

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

 SIGNATURES

/s/ Annmarie Gayle
Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Annmarie Gayle, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
re-substitution, severally, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this annual report on Form 10-K,
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to
all  intents  and  purposes  as  he  might  or  could  do  in  person,  hereby  ratifying  and  confirming  all  that  said  attorneys-in-fact  and  agents,  or  any  of  them  or  their  or  his  or  her
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney may be executed in counterparts.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.

Signature

  Title

/s/ Annmarie Gayle
Annmarie Gayle

/s/ Michael Midgley
Michael Midgley

/s/ Michael Hamilton
Michael Hamilton

/s/ Captain Charlie Plumb
Charlie Plumb

/s/ Mary Losty
Mary Losty

  Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
  (Principal Executive Officer)

  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

  Director

  Director

  Director

/s/ G. Tyler Runnels

  Director

45

  Date

  January 28, 2020

  January 28, 2020

  January 28, 2020

  January 28, 2020

  January 28, 2020

  January 28, 2020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended October 31, 2019 and 2018

 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF OCTOBER 31, 2019 AND 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2019 AND 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2019 AND 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2019 AND 2018

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PAGE

F-1

F-2

F-4

F-5

F-6

F-7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Coda  Octopus  Group,  Inc.  and  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  as  of  October  31,  2019  and  2018,  and  the
related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, and the
related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of their operations and cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  Company’s  consolidated
financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are
required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to
perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing
procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of
the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

/s/ Frazier & Deeter, LLC
Tampa, Florida
January 28, 2020

F-1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CURRENT ASSETS

Cash
Accounts Receivable, net
Inventory
Unbilled Receivables
Other Current Assets
Prepaid Expenses

Total Current Assets

FIXED ASSETS

Property and Equipment, net

OTHER ASSETS

Goodwill and Other Intangibles, net
Deferred Tax Asset

Total Other Assets

Total Assets

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018

ASSETS

2019

2018

$

$

11,721,683   
4,431,971   
5,350,514   
2,279,362   
117,936   
198,140   

7,512,422 
3,326,623 
3,823,243 
3,013,116 
219,424 
227,479 

24,099,606   

18,122,307 

5,986,812   

5,246,183 

3,612,891   
631,684   

4,244,575   

3,613,952 
1,754,169 

5,368,121 

$

34,330,993    

$

28,736,611 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-2

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018

CURRENT LIABILITIES

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accounts Payable
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Loans and Note Payable, current
Deferred Revenue, current

Total Current Liabilities

LONG TERM LIABILITIES

Deferred Revenue, long term
Loans and Note Payable, long term

Total Long Term Liabilities

Total Liabilities

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock, $.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 10,721,881 and 10,640,416 shares issued and
outstanding as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively
Additional Paid-in Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Deficit

Total Stockholders’ Equity

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

2019

2018

$

$

1,273,490   
396,421   
487,140   
830,148   

988,148 
685,454 
964,695 
602,914 

2,987,199   

3,241,211 

143,587   
572,434   

716,021   

3,703,220   

48,906 
1,059,544 

1,108,450 

4,349,661 

10,723   
59,521,665   
(2,135,408)  
(26,769,207)  

10,641 
58,599,378 
(2,228,663)
(31,994,406)

30,627,773   

24,386,950 

$

34,330,993   

$

28,736,611 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-3

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
For the Periods Indicated

Year Ended October 31

2019

2018

Net Revenues
Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

OPERATING EXPENSES
Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Other Income
Interest Expense

Total Other Income (Expense)

NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)

Current Tax Benefit
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit

Total Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

NET INCOME

NET INCOME PER SHARE:

Basic

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES:

Basic

NET INCOME

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

$

$

$

$

$

25,056,934   
8,627,615   

$

16,429,319   

2,801,331   
7,374,551   

10,175,882   

6,253,437   

70,212   
(91,096)  

(20,884)  

6,232,553   

39,422   
(1,046,776)  

(1,007,354)  

5,225,199   

$

18,019,429 
5,357,067 

12,662,362 

2,571,714 
6,779,881 

9,351,595 

3,310,767 

41,222 
(249,090)

(207,868)

3,102,899 

131,463 
1,754,169 

1,885,632 

4,988,531 

0.49   

$

0.49 

10,680,007   

10,093,538 

5,225,199   

$

93,255   

93,255   

5,318,454   

$

4,988,531 

(190,232)

(190,232)

4,798,299 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC. 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 
For the Years Ended October 31, 2019 and 2018

Preferred Stock
Series C

Common Stock

Shares

  Amount

Shares

  Amount

  Additional  
Paid-in
Capital

  Accumulated  
Other
  Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)  

  Accumulated  
Deficit

Total

Balance, October 31, 2017

1,000 

  $

1 

9,136,121 

  $

9,136 

  $ 52,839,651 

  $

(2,038,431)   $ (36,982,937)   $ 13,827,420 

Stock Issued to Investors
Stock Issued to Consultants
Stock Issued to Former Officer
Redemption of the Series C Preferred Stock
Issuance of Stock to Redeem Series C Preferred Stock
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Net Income
Balance, October 31, 2018

Stock Issued to Investors
Stock Issued to Directors
Stock Issued to Employee
Stock Issued to Consultant
Disgorgement of Stock Sales
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Net Income
Balance, October 31, 2019

- 
- 
- 

(1,000)  

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

  $

  $

- 
- 
- 
(1)  
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,203,727 
37,500 
63,068 
- 
200,000 
- 
- 
  10,640,416 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

23,965 
32,143 
5,357 
20,000 
- 
- 
- 
  10,721,881 

  $

  $

1,204 
38 
63 
- 
200 
- 
- 
10,641 

25 
32 
5 
20 
- 
- 
- 
10,723 

5,311,528 
170,962 
277,436 
(999,999)  
999,800 
- 
- 
  $ 58,599,378 

  $

105,421 
302,757 
55,815 
291,780 
166,514 
- 
- 
  $ 59,521,665 

  $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-5

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

5,312,732 
- 
171,000 
- 
277,499 
- 
- 
(1,000,000)
- 
1,000,000 
(190,232)
- 
4,988,531 
4,988,531 
(2,228,663)   $ (31,994,406)   $ 24,386,950 

(190,232)  

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
93,255 
- 

105,446 
- 
302,789 
- 
- 
55,820 
291,800 
- 
166,514 
- 
93,255 
- 
5,225,199 
5,225,199 
(2,135,408)   $ (26,769,207)   $ 30,627,773 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
For the Periods Indicated

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
Stock compensation
Loss (Gain) on the sale of property and equipment

(Increase) decrease in operating assets:

Accounts receivable
Inventory
Unbilled receivables
Other current assets
Prepaid expenses
Deferred tax asset

(Decrease) increase in operating liabilities:

Accounts payable and other current liabilities
Deferred revenue

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchases of property and equipment
Purchases of other intangible assets
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

Net Cash used in Investing Activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Repayments - loans and notes payable
Disgorgement of stock sales
Issuance of common stock for cash
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

EFFECT OF CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE ON CHANGES IN CASH

NET INCREASE IN CASH

CASH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR

CASH AT THE END OF THE YEAR

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for taxes

Non-cash Transactions
Transfer of Demo assets from inventory to property and equipment
Common stock issued for redemption of Series C preferred stock

Years Ended October 31,

2019

2018

$

5,225,199   

$

4,988,531 

833,775   
650,409   
9,215   

(1,105,348)  
(1,527,271)  
733,754   
101,488   
29,339   
1,122,485   

(3,691)  
321,915   
6,391,269   

(2,263,007)  
(38,628)  
719,077   
(1,582,558)  

(964,665)  
166,514   
105,446   
(692,705)  
93,255   

4,209,261   

7,512,422   

11,721,683   

91,097   
7,840   

-   
-   

$

$
$

$
$

774,743 
448,499 
(16,335)

(1,908,509)
(349,823)
(289,944)
101,390 
64,144 
(1,754,169)

172,400 
199,722 
2,430,649 

(565,290)
(71,862)
- 
(637,152)

(6,255,114)
- 
5,312,732 
(942,382)
(190,232)

660,883 

6,851,539 

7,512,422 

291,802 
27,192 

178,829 
1,000,000 

$

$
$

$
$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (“Coda,” “the Company,” or “we”) operates two distinct operating business units. These are the Marine Technology Business (“Products Segment”)
and the Marine Engineering Business (“Services Segment”). The Marine Technology Business sells solutions which it designs, develops and manufactures to the subsea market.
Among the solutions it designs and develops is its real time volumetric imaging sonar which is a unique and leading product in the subsea market. The Marine Engineering
Business  supplies  proprietary  parts  (for  which  it  enjoys)  sole  source  status  to  prime  defense  contractors.  These  parts  are  part  of  a  broader  sub-system  into  mission  critical
defense systems.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. and our domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions
and balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a. Basis of Presentation

The Company has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (Codification). The Codification is the single official source
of authoritative accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities, and
all of the Codification’s content carries the same level of authority.

b. Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. At times such investments may be in
excess of federal deposit insurance limits.

c. Trade Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company provides for an allowance for doubtful collections that is based upon a review
of  outstanding  receivables,  historical  collection  information,  and  existing  economic  conditions.  Balances  still  outstanding  after  the  Company  has  used  reasonable  collection
efforts are written off though a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to trade accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $47,807 and $47,807 as of
October 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively.

d. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for minor replacements, maintenance and repairs which do not increase the useful lives
of the property and equipment are charged to operations as incurred. Major additions and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the
straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which is typically three to five years for equipment and 30 years for buildings.

F-7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

e. Advertising

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred, which aggregated $18,271 and $5,017 for the years ended October, 31 2019 and
2018 respectively.

f. Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (weighted average method) or net realizable value. Inventory consisted of the following components:

Raw materials and parts
Work in progress
Finished goods
Total Inventory

g. Estimates

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

  $

  $

4,379,260    $
517,354   
453,900   
5,350,514    $

2,887,505 
472,204 
463,534 
3,823,243 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues including unbilled and
deferred revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include estimates related to the percentage of
completion  method  used  to  account  for  contracts  including  costs  and  earnings  in  excess  of  billings,  billings  in  excess  of  costs  and  estimated  earnings  and  the  valuation  of
goodwill.

h. Revenue Recognition

Beginning  on  November  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board’s  Topic  606, Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“Topic  606”).
Previously, we had recognized revenue in accordance with FASB Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. After carefully comparing the old and the new revenue standards, we believe
that our previous revenue recognition policy is substantially consistent with our new revenue recognition policy and that revenues are consistently stated between periods and
there was not a cumulative effect adjustment.

F-8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

h. Revenue Recognition (Continued)

Topic 606 has established a five-step process to determine the amount of revenue to record from contracts with customers. The five steps are:

● Determine if we have a contract with a customer;
● Determine the performance obligations in that contract;
● Determine the transaction price;
● Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
● Determine when to recognize revenue.

All of our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater technologies and equipment for imaging,
mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services that we provide. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration
so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential variable consideration. Our product sales do not include a right of return by the
customer.

With regard to our Marine Technology Business (Products Segment), all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the
products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., installation, training, etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts
based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the
provision of those services exist.

Revenue derived from rental of our equipment is recognized when performance obligations are met, in particular, on a daily basis during the rental period.

For  arrangements  with  multiple  performance  obligations,  we  recognize  product  revenue  by  allocating  the  transaction  revenue  to  each  performance  obligation  based  on  the
relative fair value of each deliverable and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met including when equipment is delivered, and for rental of equipment, when
installation and other services are performed.

Our contracts sometimes require customer payments in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as revenue when the Company has fulfilled its obligations under the
respective contracts. Until such time, we recognize this prepayment as deferred revenue.

For software license sales for which any services rendered are not considered essential to the functionality of the software, we recognize revenue upon delivery of the software.

F-9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

h. Revenue Recognition (Continued)

With respect to revenues related to our Marine Engineering Business (Services Segment) that are generated, there are contracts in place that specify the fixed hourly rate and
other  reimbursable  costs  to  be  billed  based  on  material  and  direct  labor  hours  incurred.  Revenue  is  recognized  on  these  contracts  based  on  material  and  direct  labor  hours
incurred. Revenues from fixed-price contracts are recognized on the percentage of completion method, measured by the percentage of costs incurred (materials and direct labor
hours) to date to estimated total services (materials and direct labor hours) for each contract. This method is used as we consider expenditures for direct materials and labor hours
to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts.

Quarterly, we examine all of our fixed-price contracts to determine if there are any losses to be recognized during the period. Any such loss is recorded in the quarter in which
the  loss  first  becomes  apparent  based  upon  costs  incurred  to  date  and  the  estimated  costs  to  complete  as  determined  by  experience  from  similar  contracts.  Variations  from
estimated contract performance could result in adjustments to operating results.

Recoverability of Deferred Costs

In accordance with Topic 606, we defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of direct and incremental costs to customize and install systems,
as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties. The
pricing of these service contracts is intended to provide for the recovery of these types of deferred costs over the life of the contract.

We  recognize  such  costs  in  accordance  with  our  revenue  recognition  policy  by  contract.  For  revenue  recognized  under  the  percentage  of  completion  method,  costs  are
recognized as products are delivered or services are provided in accordance with the percentage of completion calculation. For revenue recognized ratably over the term of the
contract, costs are recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each quarterly balance sheet date, we review deferred
costs, to ensure they are ultimately recoverable.

Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

Other Revenue Disclosures

See  Note  12  –  Segment Analysis  for  a  breakdown  of  revenues  from  external  customers  and  cost  of  those  revenues  between  our  Product  Segment  and  Services  Segment
including information on the split of revenues by geography.

F-10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

i. Concentrations of Risk

Credit losses, if any, have been provided for in the consolidated financial statements and are based on management’s expectations. The Company’s accounts receivables are
subject to potential concentrations of credit risk, since a significant part of the Company’s sales are to a small number of companies (particularly on the Services Segment side)
and, even though these are generally established businesses, unforeseen events may affect our customers’ ability to meet their obligations to us. Furthermore, trade disputes may
result in impairment or delays in receivables.

The Company’s bank deposits are held with financial institutions both in and out of the USA. At times, such amounts may be in excess of applicable government mandated
insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts or lack of access to its cash, and believes it is not exposed to significant risk of loss with respect
to cash.

j. Contracts in Progress (Unbilled Receivables and Deferred Revenue)

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent accumulated project expenses and fees which have not been invoiced to customers as of
the date of the balance sheet. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as Unbilled Receivables of $2,279,362 and $3,013,116 as of October 31, 2019 and
2018, respectively.

Our Deferred Revenue of $973,735 and $651,820 as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, consists of billings in excess of costs and revenues received as part of our
warranty obligations upon completing a sale – elaborated further in the last paragraph of this note.

Revenue received as part of sales of equipment includes a provision for warranty and is treated as deferred revenue, along with extended warranty sales which may be purchased
by customers. These amounts are amortized over the relevant warranty period (12 is our standard warranty or 24, 36 or 60 months for extended warranty) from the date of sale.
These  amounts  are  stated  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  as  a  component  of  Deferred  Revenue  and  were  $497,819  and  $335,646  as  of  October  31,  2019  and  2018,
respectively.

k. Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). Under ASC 740, deferred income tax assets and
liabilities  are  recorded  for  the  income  tax  effects  of  differences  between  the  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  their  bases  for  income  tax
reporting.  The  Company’s  differences  arise  principally  from  the  use  of  various  accelerated  and  modified  accelerated  cost  recovery  systems  for  income  tax  purposes  versus
straight line depreciation used for book purposes and from the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the amounts by which the Company’s future income taxes are expected to be impacted by these differences as they reverse. Deferred tax
assets are based on differences that are expected to decrease future income taxes as they reverse.

F-11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

k. Income Taxes (Continued)

Correspondingly, deferred tax  liabilities  are  based  on  differences  that  are  expected  to  increase  future  income  taxes  as  they  reverse.  Note  7  below  discusses  the  amounts  of
deferred tax assets and liabilities, and also presents the impact of significant differences between financial reporting income and taxable income.

For  income  tax  purposes,  the  Company  uses  the  percentage  of  completion  method  of  recognizing  revenues  on  long-term  contracts  which  is  consistent  with  the  Company’s
financial reporting under U.S. GAAP.

l. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist principally of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (or goodwill), customer relationships, non-compete agreements and licenses.
Goodwill was allocated to our reporting units based on the original purchase price allocation. Goodwill is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually or more often
if circumstances indicate impairment may exist. Customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents and licenses are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods
of 2 to 15 years. The Company amortizes its limited life intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. We periodically evaluate the
recoverability of intangible assets and take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists.

The first step of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If
the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the second
step must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. If the Company experiences an impairment of its goodwill, the Company will adopt Accounting
Standards Codification 2017 – 04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which permits the Company to impair the difference between carrying amount in excess of the
fair value of the reporting unit as the reduction in goodwill. ASC 2017-04 eliminates the requirement in previous GAAP to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.

At the end of each year, we evaluate goodwill on a separate reporting unit basis to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. An impairment loss
would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over the fair value of the reporting unit.

There were no impairment charges recognized during the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.

m. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The  Company’s  financial  instruments  include  cash,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable,  accrued  expenses  and  notes  payable.  The  carrying  amounts  of  cash,  accounts
receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The aggregate carrying amount of the notes
payable approximates fair value as they bear interest at a market interest rate based on their term and maturity.

F-12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

m. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates its carrying amount based on the fact that the Company believes it could obtain similar terms and conditions for
similar debt.

n. Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. Related revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates
in effect during the period. Stockholders’ equity, fixed assets and long-term investments are recorded at historical exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded
as a separate component in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income or (loss) as may be appropriate. Foreign currency transaction gains and
losses are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

o. Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived  assets  to  be  held  and  used  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be
recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if its carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use
and eventual disposal of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. No impairment loss was
recognized during the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

p. Research and Development

Research and development costs consist of expenditures for the development of present and future patents and technology, which are not capitalizable. Under current legislation,
we are eligible for UK tax credits related to our qualified research and development expenditures.

Tax credits are classified as a reduction of research and development expense. During the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $0 and $140,015 of such credits,
respectively.

q. Stock Based Compensation

We recognize the expense related to the fair value of stock based compensation awards within the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

F-13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

r. Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive  income  is  defined  to  include  all  changes  in  equity  except  those  resulting  from  investments  by  owners  and  distributions  to  owners.  Comprehensive  income
includes gains and losses on foreign currency translation adjustments and is included as a component of stockholders’ equity.

s. Earnings per Share

We  compute  basic  earnings  per  share  by  dividing  the  income  attributable  to  common  shareholders  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  in  the
reporting period. We did not have any dilutive shares in the 2019 or 2018 fiscal years.

Following is a reconciliation of earnings from continuing operations and weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings
per share:

Fiscal Period
Numerator:

Net Income (Loss)

Denominator:

Year
Ended
Oct 31, 2019

Year
Ended
Oct 31, 2018

  $

5,225,199    $

4,988,531 

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

10,680,007   

10,093,538 

Earnings from continuing operations

Basic

  $

0.49    $

0.49 

F-14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

t. Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
An adjustment has been made to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, to identify the breakout of the fixed asset additions and
disposals. This change in classification does not affect previously reported cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

u. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On February 24, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, requiring lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with
the exception of short-term leases. For lessees, leases will continue to be classified as either operating or finance leases in the balance sheet. Lessor accounting is similar to the
current  model  but  updated  to  align  with  certain  changes  to  the  lessee  model.  Lessors  will  continue  to  classify  leases  as  operating,  direct  financing  or  sales-type  leases.  The
effective date of the new standard for public companies is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is
permitted. The new standard may be adopted using a prospective transition option that will result in the adoption of this standard prospectively at the beginning of the adoption
period  (i.e.  November  1,  2019  for  the  Company).  We  do  not  have  any  material  lease  obligations  as  we  own  substantially  all  of  our  facilities  and  believe  that  the  effect  of
adopting this standard will be immaterial.

With  the  exception  of  the  updated  standard  discussed  above,  there  have  been  no  new  accounting  pronouncements  not  yet  effective  that  have  significance,  or  potential
significance, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 3 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets are evaluated on an annual basis. If there is reason to believe that their values have been diminished or impaired, those write-downs will
be included in results from operations.

The identifiable intangible assets acquired and their carrying value as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, are as follows:

Amortization of patents, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and licenses included as a charge to income amounted to $39,689 and $47,190 for the years ended
October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Goodwill is not being amortized.

Customer relationships (weighted average life of 10 years)
Non-compete agreements (weighted average life of 3 years)
Patents and other (weighted average life of 10 years)

Total identifiable intangible assets - gross carrying value

Less: accumulated amortization

Total intangible assets, net

Future estimated annual amortization expenses as of October 31, 2019 as follows:

Years Ending October 31,
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Thereafter

Totals

F-16

October 31,
2019

October 31,
2018

  $

720,592    $
198,911   
381,785   

1,301,288   

(1,070,505)  

720,592 
198,911 
343,157 

1,262,660 

(1,030,816)

  $

230,783    $

231,844 

Amount

40,005 
35,443 
35,423 
33,083 
22,092 
64,737 

230,783 

  $

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 3 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL (Continued)

As  a  result  of  the  acquisitions  of  Coda  Octopus  Martech,  Ltd.,  Coda  Octopus  Colmek,  Inc.  and  Coda  Octopus  Products,  Ltd.  the  Company  has  goodwill  in  the  amount  of
$3,382,108 as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The carrying amount of goodwill as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are recorded below:

Breakout of Goodwill:

Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc.
Coda Octopus Products, Ltd
Coda Octopus Martech, Ltd

Total Goodwill

October 31,
2019

October 31,
2018

$

$

$

2,038,669   
62,315   
1,281,124   

3,382,108   

$

2,038,669 
62,315 
1,281,124 

3,382,108 

Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of goodwill. Based on various market factors and projections used by management, actual results
could vary significantly from management’s estimates.

Company’s policy is to test its goodwill balances for impairment on an annual basis, in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the asset might be impaired.

The  goodwill  assets  of  the  Company  arise  chiefly  from  the  acquisition  of  two  wholly  owned  subsidiaries  that  comprise  the  Company’s  Services  Segments  –  Coda  Octopus
Colmek and Coda Octopus Martech. The goodwill impairment evaluation was conducted at the end of the financial year 2019 and management’s opinion is that the carrying
values are recoverable.

Based on these evaluations, the fair value of goodwill exceeds its carrying value. As such no impairment was recorded by management.

F-17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consist of the following as of:

Buildings
Land
Office machinery and equipment
Furniture, fixtures and improvements
Totals
Less: accumulated depreciation

Property and Equipment – Net

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

$

$

$

4,654,029   
200,000   
3,423,062   
1,158,033   
9,435,124   
(3,448,312)  

5,986,812   

$

3,856,860 
340,0000 
2,875,444 
1,109,225 
8,181,529 
(2,935,346)

5,246,183 

Depreciation expense for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 was $794,086 and $727,553 respectively.

NOTE 5 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Other current assets consisted of the following at:

Deposits/other receivables
Tax receivables
Total Other Current Assets

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

$

$

42,932   
75,004   
117,936   

$

$

162,301 
57,123 
219,424 

F-18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 6 – CAPITAL STOCK

Common Stock

On January 29, 2018, the Company issued 1,125,950 shares to two investors pursuant to the terms of a private placement for a total purchase price of $4,954,180.

On February 5, 2018, the Company issued to one of its directors pursuant to the terms of the private placement 75,000 shares for a purchase price of $345,750.

On February 12, 2018, the Company issued 2,777 shares to one investor pursuant to their pre-emption rights under the terms of the private placement effected on or around
January 29, 2018 for a purchase price of $12,802.

On February 22, 2018 and March 6, 2018, the Company issued a total of 12,500 shares to two individuals for services rendered. These were valued at $57,250.

On April 19, 2018 the Company issued 63,068 shares of common stock to a former officer pursuant to the terms of a settlement entered into on or around January 14, 2011.
These were valued at $277,499.

On August 12, 2018, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered. These were valued $113,750.

On October 31, 2018 the Company issued 200,000 shares of common stock to the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock for a value of $1,000,000 pursuant to the terms of
Certificate of Designation for the Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding which provided for a conversion price of $5.00 per share.

On November 16, 2018, the Company issued 23,965 shares to one investor pursuant to their pre-emption rights under the terms of the private placement effected on or around
January 29, 2018 for a purchase price of $105,446.

On February 3, 2019, the Company issued a total of 7,143 shares to one of its directors for services rendered. These were valued at $42,289.

On June 24, 2019, the Company issued 20,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered. These were valued at $291,800.

On September 16, 2019, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan 2017 to a director of one of our
foreign subsidiaries for services rendered. These were valued at $260,500.

On  September  16,  2019,  the  Company  issued  a  total  of  5,357  shares  of  common  stock  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Company’s  Stock  Incentive  Plan  2017  to  one  of  its
employees for services rendered. These were valued at $55,820.

F-19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 6 – CAPITAL STOCK (Continued)

Preferred Stock

Series A and Series C Preferred Stock

The Company is also authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. We have designated 50,000 preferred shares as Series A
preferred stock and 50,000 preferred shares as Series C preferred stock. The remaining 4,900,000 shares of preferred stock are not designated.

On or around October 31, 2018, the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock referred to in the preceding paragraph, elected to convert all 1,000 units of Series C Preferred Stock
into the Company’s Common Stock.

As of October 31, 2019, there are no Series A or Series C Preferred Stock issued or outstanding.

NOTE 7 - INCOME TAXES

The provision for federal and foreign income taxes consisted of the following:

Current income tax expense (benefit)

Federal
Foreign

Deferred income tax expense (benefit)

Federal
Foreign

Total

The expense for income taxes differed from the U.S. statutory rate due to the following:

Statutory tax rate
Change in deferred taxes
Alternative Minimum Tax (refund)
Foreign tax (benefit) expense

Total

Deferred tax assets consisted of the following on October 31:

Noncurrent deferred tax assets
U.S. NOL carryforwards
Other Foreign deferred tax liabilities

Total

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

$

$

(75,004)  
35,582 

$

1,046,776 
- 

1,007,354 

$

7,840 
(139,303)

(1,754,169)
- 

(1,885,632)

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

21.0%  
(4.2%) 
(1.2%) 
0.5%  

16.1%  

21.0%
(77.5%)
0.3%
(4.5%)

(60.7%)

2019

2018

$

$

670,787   
(39,103)  

$

1,754,169 
- 

631,684   

$

1,754,169 

As of October 31, 2019, we had U.S. federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $3,368,538, which will expire at various dates as follows:

2028
2029

Total

  $

2,707,158 
661,380 

  $

3,368,538 

F-20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 8 - LOANS AND NOTES PAYABLE

Loans and notes payable consisted of the following at:

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

Secured note payable to HSBC NA with interest payable on the 28th day of each month at 4.56% per
annum. Our monthly repayment obligation under this loan is $43,777 (comprising both principal and
interest repayment).
One of the subsidiaries had an unsecured working capital loan from the CEO of the Group. The note was
repaid in full in December 2018 and carried an interest rate of 4.5%.

Total
Less: current portion
Total Long Term Loans and Notes Payable

The remaining payments on the HSBC NA loan at October 31, 2019 are as follows:

$

$

1,059,574   

$

-   

1,059,574   
(487,140)  
572,434   

$

Years Ending October 31,
2020
2021
2022

Totals

Amount

$

$

1,524,239 

500,000 

2,024,239 
(964,695)
1,059,544 

487,140 
509,807 
62,627 

1,059,574 

The HSBC loan is secured by a blanket lien on all of the Company’s US subsidiaries. The foreign subsidiaries are each guarantors of the obligations undertaken in the loan
agreement.

We have an unused line of credit for up to $455,000 with HSBC UK to use specifically for bank guarantees and performance bonuses. As of October 31, 2019, the balance is
$0.

Subsequent to the end of the financial year 2019, we secured a new line of credit of $4 million which is unused. See Note 14 (Subsequent Events)

NOTE 9 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments. Total other comprehensive income (loss) was $93,255 and $(190,232) for the years
ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

A reconciliation of the other comprehensive income (loss) in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

October 31, 2019

October 31, 2018

Balance, beginning of year
Total other comprehensive income for the year - foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance, end of period

$

$

(2,228,663)  
93,255   
(2,135,408)  

$

$

(2,038,431)
(190,232)
(2,228,663)

F-21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 10 - CONCENTRATIONS

Significant Customers

During the year ended October 31, 2019, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenue from this customer was
$6,764,199, or 27% of net revenues during the period. Total accounts receivable from this customer at October 31, 2019 was $898,584 or 20% of accounts receivable.

During the year ended October 31, 2018, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from this customer was
$2,882,761, or 16% of net revenues during the year. Total accounts receivable from this customer at October 31, 2018 was $24,993 or 1% of accounts receivable.

NOTE 11 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries maintain a matching 401(k) retirement plan. The plan allows the Company to make matching contributions of 10 cents per dollar of employee
contributions, up to a maximum of $1,900. U.S. employees who have at least nine months of service with the Company are eligible. In addition, the Company’s UK subsidiaries
operate pension schemes which provide for the payment of the full contribution by the Company. These schemes in the UK operate on a defined contribution money purchase
basis and the  contributions  are  charged  to  operations  as  they  arise.  Finally,  the  Company  is  obligated  to  provide  pension  funding  according  to  Norwegian  legislation  for  its
subsidiary located in Norway. The Company has an arrangement that fulfills this requirement. Employee benefit costs for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 were
$59,927 and $51,693, respectively.

F-22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 12 - SEGMENT ANALYSIS

We  operate  in  two  reportable  segments,  which  are  managed  separately  based  upon  fundamental  differences  in  their  operations.  Coda  Octopus  Martech  and  Coda  Octopus
Colmek  (together  “Marine  Engineering  Business”  or  “Service  Segments”)  operate  as  contractors  and  Coda  Octopus  Products  operations  are  comprised  primarily  of  product
sales, rental of equipment and/or software and associated services (“Marine Technology Business” or “Products Segment”).

Segment operating income is total segment revenue reduced by operating expenses identifiable with the business segment. Corporate includes general corporate administrative
costs (“Overhead”).

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon segment operating income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those
described in the summary of accounting policies.

There are inter-segment sales which have been eliminated in our financial statements but are disclosed in the tables below for information purposes.

The following table summarizes segment asset and operating balances by reportable segment as of and for the year ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company’s reportable business segments operate in four geographic locations:

● Americas
●
Europe
● Australia/Asia
● Middle East/Africa

Information concerning principal geographic areas is presented below according to the area where the activity has taken place for the year ended October 31, 2019 and 2018
respectively:

F-23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Year Ended October 31, 2019

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Revenues from External Customers

$

12,908,110 

$

12,148,824   

$

-   

$

25,056,934 

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income

Interest (Expense)

Total Other Income (Expense)

2,519,768 

10,388,342 

2,208,749 
3,080,134 

5,288,883 

5,099,459 

70,186 

(10,564)  

59,622 

6,107,847   

6,040,977   

146,061   
2,492,410   

-   

-   

446,521   
1,802,007   

8,627,615 

16,429,319 

2,801,331 
7,374,551 

2,638,471   

2,248,528   

10,175,882 

3,402,506   

(2,248,528)  

6,253,437 

26   

(14,820)  

(14,794)  

-   

(65,712)  

(65,712)  

70,212 

(91,096)

(20,884)

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

5,159,081 

3,387,712   

(2,314,240)  

6,232,553 

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
Current Tax Benefit
Deferred Tax (Expense)

Total Income Tax (Expense)

Net Income (Loss)

Supplemental Disclosures

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales
above

Depreciation and Amortization

Purchases of Long-lived Assets

(9,391)  
(336,101)  

(345,492)  

4,813,589 

19,206,401 

1,573,572 

1,590,548 

581,942 

2,183,009 

F-24

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

33,454   
(496,318)  

(462,864)  

15,359   
(214,357)  

39,422 
(1,046,773)

(198,998)  

(1,007,354)

2,924,848   

$

(2,513,238)  

$

5,225,199 

14,165,120   

962,641   

145,150   

236,092   

81,446   

$

$

$

$

$

959,472   

1,167,007   

2,700,000   

15,741   

37,180   

$

$

$

$

$

34,330,993 

3,703,220 

4,435,698 

833,775 

2,301,635 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Year Ended October 31, 2018

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Revenues from External Customers

$

11,449,416 

$

6,570,013   

$

-   

$

18,019,429 

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)

Other Income
Interest Expense

Total Other Income (Expense)

1,894,808 

9,554,608 

2,048,285 
2,882,049 

4,930,334 

4,624,274 

39,122 
(12,154)  

26,968 

3,462,259   

3,107,754   

523,429   
2,366,226   

-   

-   

-   
1,531,606   

2,889,655   

1,531,606   

218,099   

(1,531,606)  

2,100   
(59,599)  

(57,499)  

-   
(177,337)  

(177,337)  

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

4,651,242 

160,600   

(1,708,943)  

Current Tax Benefit (Expense)
Deferred Tax Benefit

Income Tax Benefit

Net Income

Supplemental Disclosures

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales
above

Depreciation and Amortization

Purchases of Long-lived Assets

133,419 
- 

133,419 

4,784,661 

15,061,693 

1,142,661 

1,176,438 

448,620 

487,159 

F-25

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

-   
-   

-   

(1,956)  
1,754,169   

1,752,213   

160,600   

$

43,270   

$

4,988,531 

11,674,640   

1,498,828   

437,387   

311,980   

76,041   

$

$

$

$

$

2,000,278   

1,708,172   

3,100,000   

14,143   

76,561   

$

$

$

$

$

28,736,611 

4,349,661 

4,713,825 

774,743 

639,761 

5,357,067 

12,662,362 

2,571,714 
6,779,881 

9,351,595 

3,310,767 

41,222 
(249,090)

(207,868)

3,102,899 

131,463 
1,754,169 

1,885,632 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales

Americas

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Europe

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services
Australia/Asia

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Middle East & Africa
Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Total Net Sales

Total Net Sales by Geographic Area

Americas
Europe
Australia/Asia
Middle East & Africa

Total Net Sales

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2019
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

744,604   
639,055   
53,540   
-   
1,187,873   

1,626,052   
1,137,244   
167,903   
-   
726,050   

4,259,093   
876,141   
324,222   
627,615   

301,165   
36,130   
58,826   
142,597   

$

57,497   
-   
-   
9,117,338   
1,744,577   

145,933   
-   
-   
1,023,822   
59,657   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

802,101 
639,055 
53,540 
9,117,338 
2,932,450 

1,771,985 
1,137,244 
167,903 
1,023,822 
785,707 

4,259,093 
876,141 
324,222 
627,615 

301,165 
36,130 
58,826 
142,597 

12,908,110   

$

12,148,824   

$

25,056,934 

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2019
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

2,625,072   
3,657,249   
6,087,071   
538,718   

$

10,919,412   
1,229,412   
-   
-   

13,544,484 
4,886,661 
6,087,071 
538,718 

12,908,110   

$

12,148,824   

$

25,056,934 

$

$

$

$

F-26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

Total Net Sales by Product Line

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Total Net Sales

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales

Americas

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Europe

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Australia/Asia

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Middle East & Africa
Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Total Net Sales

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2019
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

6,930,914   
2,688,570   
604,491   
-   
2,684,135   

$

203,430   
-   
-   
10,141,160   
1,804,234   

7,134,344 
2,688,570 
604,491 
10,141,160 
4,488,369 

12,908,110   

$

12,148,824   

$

25,056,934 

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2018
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

719,973   
681,757   
52,145   
-   
1,025,608   

1,640,546   
1,526,302   
249,779   
-   
836,578   

2,580,263   
117,389   
568,407   
238,234   

1,017,527   
41,067   
85,419   
68,422   

$

-   
-   
-   
4,468,170   
441,842   

211,366   
-   
-   
1,448,635   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

719,973 
681,757 
52,145 
4,468,170 
1,467,450 

1,851,912 
1,526,302 
249,779 
1,448,635 
836,578 

2,580,263 
117,389 
568,407 
238,234 

1,017,527 
41,067 
85,419 
68,422 

11,449,416   

$

6,570,013   

$

18,019,429 

$

$

$

$

F-27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2018
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

  $

2,479,483    $
4,253,205   
3,504,293   
1,212,435   

4,910,012    $
1,660,001   
-   
-   

7,389,495 
5,913,206 
3,504,293 
1,212,435 

  $

11,449,416    $

6,570,013    $

18,019,429 

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2018
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

  $

5,958,309    $
2,366,515   
955,750   
-   
2,168,842   

211,366    $

-   
-   
5,916,805   
441,842   

6,169,675 
2,366,515 
955,750 
5,916,805 
2,610,684 

  $

11,449,416    $

6,570,013    $

18,019,429 

Total Net Sales by Geographic Area

Americas
Europe
Australia/Asia
Middle East & Africa

Total Net Sales

Total Net Sales by Product Line

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Total Net Sales

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS

Employment Agreements

Annmarie Gayle

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated March 16, 2017, the Company employs Ms. Gayle as its Chief Executive Officer on a full-time basis and a member of
its Board of Directors. Effective July 1, 2019, Ms. Gayle’s annual salary was revised from $230,000 to $305,000 payable on a monthly basis. Ms. Gayle is also entitled to an
annual performance bonus of up to $100,000, upon achieving certain targets that are to be defined on an annual basis. The agreement provides for 30 days of paid holidays in
addition to public holidays observed in Scotland.

The agreement has no definitive term and may be terminated only upon twelve months’ prior written notice by Ms. Gayle. In the event that the Company terminates her at any
time without cause, she is entitled to a payment equal to her annual salary as well as a separation bonus of $150,000. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause,
immediately  and  without  notice. Among  others,  “for  cause”  includes  gross  misconduct,  a  serious  or  repeated  breach  of  the  agreement  and  negligence  and  incompetence  as
reasonably determined by the Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

F-28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2019 and 2018

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Employment Agreements (Continued)

Blair Cunningham

Under the terms of an employment contract dated January 1, 2013, our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus Products, Inc. employs Blair Cunningham as its Chief Executive
Officer and President of Technology. He is being paid an annual base salary of $200,000 with effect from January 1, 2020, subject to review by the Company’s Chief Executive
Officer. Mr. Cunningham is entitled to 25 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The agreement may be terminated only upon twelve-month prior written notice without cause. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, immediately and without
notice. Among others, “for cause” includes gross misconduct, a serious or repeated breach of the agreement and negligence and incompetence as reasonably determined by the
Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 18-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

Michael Midgley

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated June 1, 2011, Mike Midgley was appointed the Chief Executive Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus
Colmek, Inc. and our Chief Financial Officer. He is being paid an annual salary of $210,000 with effect from January 1, 2020, subject to an annual review by Colmek’s Board
of Directors and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Midgley is entitled to 20 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The agreement may be terminated at any time upon 4-month prior written notice. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, immediately and without notice. Among
others, “for cause” includes gross misconduct, a serious or repeated breach of the agreement and negligence and incompetence as reasonably determined by the Company’s
Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision. On December 6, 2017, the board of directors of the Company appointed Mr. Midgley
to be the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. In connection with this appointment, all rights and obligations under Mr. Midgley’s employment agreement with Colmek were
transferred to and have been assumed by the Company.

NOTE 14 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On or around November 26, 2019, the Company entered into a Revolving Line of Credit Facility with HSBC NA its existing bankers. This Credit Line is for $4 million and if
used interest is payable with the interest rate based on the Wall Street Journal US Prime Rate and is secured against all our business undertaking in the US and our foreign
subsidiaries are each guarantors of the obligations undertaken under the Credit Agreement.

NOTE 15 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION

During the year the company sold our Orlando property to Blair Cunningham an Officer for $705,000 cash. It was determined that this was a fair value for the property based on
review of comparable sales. The funds were used to purchase the current office space in Orlando.

F-29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-224408; 333-233524; and No. 333-236029) and Form S-8 (No. 333-
227704) of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. of our report dated January 28, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended October 31, 2019
and 2018, of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. which are part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Exhibit 23.1

/s/ Frazier & Deeter, LLC
Frazier & Deeter, LLC
Tampa, Florida
January 28, 2020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

I, Annmarie Gayle and Mike Midgley, certify that:

1. We have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Coda Octopus Group, Inc.:

2. Based on our knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of

the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on our knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results

of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and we are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-

15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision, to  ensure  that  material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which
this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under our  supervision,  to  provide
reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally
accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure

controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially  affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and we have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal  control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors

and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect

the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 28, 2020

Date: January 28, 2020

/s/ Annmarie Gayle

/s/ Michael Midgley

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32

In  connection  with  the  annual  report  of  Coda  Octopus  Group,  Inc.  (the  “Company”)  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  October  31,  2019  as  filed  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Annmarie Gayle, Chief Executive Officer, and I, Michael Midgley, Chief Financial Officer, certify pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

(1) This report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Annmarie Gayle
Chief Executive Officer

Date: January 28, 2020

/s/ Michael Midgley
  Chief Financial Officer

  Date: January 28, 2020