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Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

coda · NASDAQ Industrials
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Industry Aerospace & Defense
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FY2020 Annual Report · Coda Octopus Group, Inc.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-38154

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

34-200-8348
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

3300 S Hiawassee Rd, Suite 104-105, Orlando, Florida, 32835
(Address, Including Zip Code of Principal Executive Offices)

407 735 2402
(Issuer’s telephone number)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE PER SHARE

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
NONE

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.

Large accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer [  ]

Accelerated filer [  ]
Smaller reporting company [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

State issuer’s revenues for its most recent fiscal year: $20,043,810

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was
last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of April 30,  2020 representing the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed
fiscal year: approximately $27,325,000

State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: 10,751,881 as of January 28, 2021.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY

SECURITIES

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B OTHER INFORMATION

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15.

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

SIGNATURES

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

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This Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to in this annual report as
the  Securities Act,  and  Section  21E  of  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  which  we  refer  to  in  this  annual  report  as  the  Exchange Act.  Forward-looking
statements are not statements of historical fact but rather reflect our current expectations, estimates and predictions about future results and events. These statements may use
words  such  as  “anticipate,”  “believe,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “intend,”  “predict,”  “project”  and  similar  expressions  as  they  relate  to  us  or  our  management.  When  we  make
forward-looking statements, we are basing them on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, using information currently available to us. These forward-looking statements
are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including but not limited to, risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed in this annual report. Factors that can cause or
contribute to these differences include those described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

If  one  or  more  of  these  or  other  risks  or  uncertainties  materialize,  or  if  our  underlying  assumptions  prove  to  be  incorrect,  actual  results  may  vary  materially  from  what  we
projected. Any  forward-looking  statement  you  read  in  this  annual  report  reflects  our  current  views  with  respect  to  future  events  and  is  subject  to  these  and  other  risks,
uncertainties  and  assumptions  relating  to  our  operations,  results  of  operations,  growth  strategy  and  liquidity. All  subsequent  written  and  oral  forward-looking  statements
attributable to us, or individuals acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. You should specifically consider the factors identified in this
annual report, which would cause actual results to differ before making an investment decision. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the
date of this annual report or to conform these statements to actual results.

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 PART I

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (“Coda” “the Company” or “we”), through its wholly owned subsidiaries, operates two distinct businesses:

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the Marine Technology Business (also referred to in this Form 10-K as “Products Business”, “Products Operations” or “Products Segment”); and

the Marine Engineering Business (also referred to in this Form 10-K as “Engineering Business”, “Engineering Operations”, or “Services Segment”).

Our  Marine  Technology  Business  is  a  technology  solution  provider  to  the  subsea  and  underwater  market.  It  owns  key  proprietary  sonar  technology  used  for  underwater
commercial  and  defense  applications. All  design,  development  and  manufacturing  of  our  technology  and  solutions  are  performed  within  the  Company.  These  products  and
solutions  are  used  primarily  in  the  underwater  construction  market,  offshore  wind  energy  industry  (offshore  renewables),  and  offshore  oil  and  gas,  complex  dredging,  port
security,  mining,  fisheries  and  marine  sciences  sectors.  Our  volumetric  real  time  sonar  technology  is  our  most  promising  product  for  the  Group’s  growth  due  to  its  unique
capabilities including real time 3D visualization of moving objects underwater including in zero-visibility water conditions. Our customers include service providers to major oil
and gas (“O&G”) companies, renewable companies, underwater construction companies, law enforcement agencies, ports, mining companies, defense bodies, research institutes
and universities. We are widely considered the leading solution providers for real time 3D visualization underwater.

Our Marine Engineering Business is a supplier of embedded solutions and sub-assemblies which they design and manufacture and sell into mission critical integrated defense
systems  such  as  the  Close-In-Weapons  System  (CIWS).  The  Services  Segment  established  its  business  in  1977  and  has  been  supporting  a  number  of  significant  defense
programs for over 40 years, including Raytheon’s CIWS and Northrop Grumman’s Mine Hunting Systems Program. The Services Segment’s business model entails designing
sub-assembly prototypes for defense programs which typically lead to contracts for the manufacture, repair and upgrade of these sub-assemblies. We are the sole source for the
parts that we supply into these programs. This business model ensures recurring and long tail revenues since we continue to supply parts, typically for the life of the program,
which can span decades. Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and Coda Octopus Martech Ltd, each qualifies as a small business. This opens up opportunity under state requirements to
collaborate with Prime Defense Contractors on these programs.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due to the above, a significant part of the revenues generated by the Marine Engineering Business is highly concentrated and are derived from a small number of prime defense
contractors such as Raytheon or Northrop. In any one year, between 20% to 30% of our consolidated revenues may be derived from these customers either alone or collectively.

The Services Segment operates through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. (“Colmek”) based in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Coda Octopus Martech
Limited (“Martech”) based in the United Kingdom.

Our  Products  and  Services  operations  have  established  synergies  in  terms  of  customers  and  specialized  engineering  skills  set  for  robust,  rugged  and  repeated  engineering
solutions relating to data acquisition, data computation and display of the data. Increasingly drawing on each part of the business strengths, the Marine Technology business and
Marine Engineering Business work jointly on projects including responding jointly for tenders.

Our corporate structure is as follows:

Corporate History

The Company began as Coda Technologies Limited. This company now operates under the name Coda Octopus Products Limited, a United Kingdom corporation formed in
1994  as  a  start-up  company  with  its  origins  as  a  research  group  at  Herriot-Watt  University,  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Initially,  its  operations  consisted  primarily  of  developing
software for subsea mapping and visualization using sidescan sonar (a technology widely used in commercial offshore geophysical survey and naval mine-hunting to detect
objects on, and textures of, the surface of the seabed).

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In June 2002, we acquired Octopus Marine Systems Ltd, a UK corporation, and changed our name to Coda Octopus Limited. At the time of its acquisition, Octopus Marine
Systems was producing geophysical products broadly similar to those of Coda, but targeted at the less sophisticated, easy-to-use, “work-horse” market. The Octopus Marine
Systems acquisition led to the introduction of the Motion product (F180® series) into the Products Segment.

In  December  2002,  Coda  Octopus  Ltd  acquired  OmniTech AS,  a  Norwegian  company,  which  became  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company  and  which  subsequently
changed its name to Coda Octopus R&D AS. OmniTech owned the patents to a “method for producing a 3-D Image” (which has now expired). At the time of acquisition, this
company  had  been  engaged  for  over  ten  years  in  developing  a  revolutionary  imaging  and  visualization  sonar  technology  capable  of  producing  real  time  three-dimensional
(“3D”) underwater images for use in subsea activities. Coda Octopus Products Limited (Edinburgh based) then developed the visualization software to control and display the
images  from  the  real  time  3D  sonar.  This  patented  technology  is  now  marketed  by  us  under  the  brand  name  “Echoscope ®”. All  activities  of  this  now-defunct  Norwegian
subsidiary have been transferred to Coda Octopus Products Limited (Edinburgh).

On  July  13,  2004,  the  Company  effected  a  reverse  merger  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  a  share  exchange  agreement  between  The  Panda  Project,  Inc.  (“Panda”),  a  Florida
corporation, and a now defunct entity affiliated with Coda Octopus Ltd. (“Coda Parent”). Panda acquired the shares of Coda Octopus Limited, a UK corporation and a wholly-
owned subsidiary of Coda Parent, in consideration for the issuance of a total of 1,432,143 shares of common stock to Coda Parent and other shareholders of Coda Octopus
Limited. The shares issued represented approximately 90.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Panda. The share exchange was accounted for as a reverse acquisition of
Panda by Coda. Subsequently, Panda was reincorporated in Delaware and changed its name to Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

In June 2006, we acquired Coda Octopus Martech Limited which is part of our Services Segment or Marine Engineering Business. This is an English corporation.

In April 2007, we acquired Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. which is part of our Services Segment or Marine Engineering Business. This is a Utah corporation.

Both Martech and Colmek largely have the same business model, provide similar engineering services and sell to a similar customer base (one is UK focused and the other is
US focused).

Coda Octopus Group, Inc., is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware as a holding company that conducts its business through subsidiaries, several of which are

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
organized under the laws of foreign jurisdictions, including England, Scotland, Denmark and Australia. This may have an adverse impact on the ability of U.S. investors to
enforce  a  judgment  obtained  in  U.S.  courts  against  these  entities,  or  to  effect  service  of  process  on  the  officers  and  directors  managing  the  foreign  subsidiaries.  These
companies’ operations must comply with the laws of the countries under which they are incorporated and are likely to be different from the equivalent laws of the United States.

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Marine Technology Business (“Products Segment”)

Our Marine Technology Business develops proprietary solutions for both the commercial and defense subsea market. The range of our solutions are complementary and include:

● Geophysical Systems comprising hardware and software; and
● Motion and Positioning Systems comprising hardware and software; and
● Real Time Volumetric Imaging Sonar comprising hardware and software.

These products are sold, leased or rented into various marine sectors and include:

Salvage and decommissioning

● Marine geophysical survey
● Underwater construction
● Diving
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● Oil and gas
● Commercial fisheries
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● Defense
● Marine vehicles and robotics
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● Research and education

Environmental, mammal and habitat monitoring

Security, law enforcement and first responders

1. Geophysical Range of Products

Our  geophysical  systems  (“GEO”)  range  of  products  include  geophysical  data  acquisition  systems,  processing  and  analysis  software  that  are  used  primarily  by  survey
companies,  research  institutions,  salvage  companies  and,  more  recently,  offshore  energy  and  renewables  operators.  These  systems  are  used  to  survey  large  areas  and  create
images of the seabed, identify seabed boulders and objects, mark seabed type boundaries and identify existing subsurface structural features, geological layers, and/or buried
debris.

2. GPS aided Inertial Positioning Systems

These are referred to as our MOTION range of products and offer high accuracy GPS aided inertial positioning and attitude data, essential for all marine survey applications.
The products are commonly bundled with our GEO and real time sonar solutions offering our customers a seamless integration and support experience.

3. Real Time Volumetric Imaging Sonars (ranging from 3D/4D, 5D and 6D)

We design, develop and supply what we believe is the world’s most advanced series of real time volumetric imaging sonar. This is the culmination of over 25 years of research
and development. This technology is protected by multiple patents. Furthermore, we continue to file patents relating to our new and revolutionary sonars, our 5-Dimensional
(5D) and 6-Dimensional (6D) real time volumetric imaging sonars (marketed under the name Echoscope® PIPE (Parallel Intelligent Processing Engine). Our sonar innovations
are multi-tiered and extend to hardware, firmware and software, all of which co-exist and are co-dependent on each other. In other words, hardware, firmware and software
operate  as  sub-systems  to  each  other.  We  believe  that  the  highly  complex  nature  of  this  new  technology  will  make  it  extremely  difficult  to  reverse  engineer  our  products.
Pioneering this unique technology gives us a significant advantage over our competitors in the subsea imaging sonar market sectors. We also believe that our three-tier product
development capability of hardware, software and solution delivery adds to our competitive lead.

We  believe  that  this  technology  is  superior  to  the  other  imaging  sonars  in  the  market  as  it  generates  real  time  3D,  4D,  5D  and  6D  images  of  the  underwater  environment
irrespective of low or zero visibility conditions and, unlike conventional sonars, can image a volume (as opposed to a slice of data) and subsea moving objects.

Sonar Hardware

During fiscal 2019, we completed critical innovation and advancement milestones around our core volumetric real time sonar technology. We have now introduced the world’s
first 5D and 6D series of volumetric imaging sonar technology. We believe our 5D and 6D series of sonars heralds a significant leap forward in real time subsea imaging as this
inventive capability allows a single sonar to provide to different parts of the survey operations multiple real time data sets (as opposed to one 3D dataset) for each part of the
survey teams’ requirements.

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We believe that our real time volumetric imaging sonar products are revolutionizing the sonar market due to the following unique capabilities:

A. Live 3D  imaging  of  any  moving  objects  within  the  sonar  field  of  view  including  construction  assets,  divers,  subsea  vehicles  and tools  and  machinery  executing  tasks

underwater.

B. Accurate three-dimensional data unaffected by motion or water visibility.
C. Mapping of complex structures with a volumetric ping as opposed to individual angular slices of data. The more complex the structure, the greater the benefit of real-time

volumetric sonar imaging over a traditional survey.

D. Live situational awareness of static and moving objects for safe terrain navigation or target tracking.
E. First Person Perspective imaging allowing the operator to point the real-time volumetric imaging sonar towards any target, regardless of where in the water column the target

is located and generate a true first person perspective image.
Imaging or visualizing subsea environments in low or zero visibility conditions and in situations of high waterflow and active noise pollution (dredging and rock dumping).

F.
G. 3D Range gating of the live image to focus on specific targets or features at specified ranges – regardless of signal strength. This specifically allows for weak targets close to

the sonar to be discarded from the image (e.g. bubbles or fish) or detected as threats (e.g. fishing nets).

H. Coherent single sensor delivery for multiple applications.
I. Unique rendering and viewing software techniques that simplifies data interpretation.
J. Direct integration with a range of compatible sensors (e.g. GPS, attitude sensors), actuators (pan and tilt) and custom, task-specific software that provides task or mission

solutions for key markets such as the underwater construction market and offshore wind energy sector.

Prior to January 2018, we were selling our third generation (3G) sonar series. In January 2018 we launched the first product within our fourth generation series of sonars (“4G

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
sonar series”). The 4G sonar series is an important development milestone for the Company. Due to the form factor of our previous generation of 3G sonar series this limited the
types of subsea vessels/vehicles this generation of sonar could be integrated on (and therefore be used for) due to (i) size; (ii) weight and (iii) power requirements (“form factor
barriers”).  With  the  launch  of  the  4G  sonar  series  we  have  removed  these  form  factor  barriers  and  can  now  integrate  on  the  majority  of  underwater  vehicles  in  the  market
including the new and fast emerging smaller underwater vehicles such as autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) which are propelling
growth in the underwater market.

The 4G sonar series developments were largely form factor driven as opposed to being based on performance and capability advancements. In fiscal years 2019 and 2020 we
continued our innovation of our sonar technology to focus on performance and capability advancements, particularly on the beamforming and the data processing capability of
our sonar series. In the previous generation of our sonars, due to limitations in processing capability technology there were restrictions on how much of the captured sonar data
could be processed. Our previous generations of sonars processed 16,384 pieces of data per sonar ping (compared to around 256 pieces of data per sonar ping for competing
technology such as the multibeam). Under our new 5D/6D sonars series for each signal that is generated by the sonar we receive back up to 40 million pieces of information
which we can now process. We believe that this advancement allows us to deliver to the market the first 5-Dimensional (5D) sonar and 6-Dimensional (6D) sonar capabilities
and  significantly  builds  on  our  4G  sonar  series.  Our  5D  capability  allows  customers  to  collect  full  time  series  4D  backscatter  data  in  real  time.  Our  6D  capability  allows
customers to use a single sonar for multiple simultaneous real time data sets using different real time capture and processing parameters (such as range, frequency and field of
view).

The  4G  sonar  series  development  which  we  launched  in  2018  now  combined  with  the  performance  and  capability  advancements  (5D  and  6D  capability)  crystalizes  the
completion of the main pillars of development plans for our real time volumetric sonar series. We believe these achievements are critical milestones in the Company’s growth
strategy and also distinguishes our sonar capabilities from all other imaging sonar offerings in the market. This will enable us to refocus a significant part of our spending from
R&D to marketing and business development post-Pandemic.

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The following diagram outlines the capability summary progression as we transition from our current Real-Time 3D (4D) volumetric imaging sonar system to 5D and then 6D.

Sonar Software

Our  software  development  capability  is  an  important  part  of  our  strategy  to  maintain  our  lead  in  designing,  manufacturing  and  selling  state-of-the-art  real  time  volumetric
imaging sonars.

Our existing third generation (3G) Underwater Survey Explorer software used in conjunction with our real time volumetric sonars, is a product which we have been developing
for over 15 years. Because of technological advancements, including access to off the shelf components for more advanced processing of data (speed and size being factors), in
2016, the Company started the process of re-conceiving and developing its top-end software for our now much more advanced sonars. In this connection, in 2019, we launched
for customer evaluation our 4th Gen of top-end software for our sonars – 4G Underwater Survey Explorer (“4G USE®”). We have also filed several provisional patents around
our 4G USE®.

Our 3G Underwater Survey Explorer software is feature rich and offers advanced processing and application focused capabilities for various markets. 3G USE has been in the
market  for  over  15  years.  While  this  generation  of  our  software  is  a  mature  and  feature  rich  product,  communication  and  graphics  processing  technologies  have  advanced
considerably over recent years, allowing (for example) improved methods for processing larger volumes of data and leveraging new capabilities in recent PC hardware and the
GPU.

Our new 4G USE® software is a ground-up development based on the latest processor capabilities and software architecture. 4G USE® will offer a completely new level of
real-time visualization and automation processing to complement our recent sonar launches including our 5D and 6D sonars. The initial release of 4G USE® allows multiple
devices being utilized simultaneously (example multiple sonars, rotators and inertial and positioning systems) and viewing the real-time data result in a consolidated image. 4G
USE® which is also subject to a number of patent applications, is designed as an enterprise class platform, allowing many users access and control of data in real-time for better
collaboration, tighter quality control, remote surveying and faster processing.

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Our  software  packages  are  feature  rich  and  include  techniques  which  are  the  subject  of  patents  in  a  number  of  our  modules.  In  general,  our  software  package  contains
significant  capabilities  that  are  designed  to  enable  surveying  a  dynamic  subsea  setting  (as  opposed  to  a  static  mapping  of  the  seabed  as  is  typical  for  conventional  sonar
technology). Some of our unique features include:

Feature Description
Real Time Measurements

  Functionality

important for many types of subsea operations such as block or asset placements or aiding diving operations;

Models + Software Module

allows the user to import existing models and engineering drawings into the real time subsea environment;

Edge Detection Algorithm

allows the user to superimpose an edge to easily identify a subsea target;

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rendering a Noise Free Image

allows for a crisp, clear and high-resolution photo-like image without any processing (which would be required for conventional
sonars); and

Tracking Algorithm

  Algorithm is used to track known objects within the real time 3D Data. This is currently utilized in our Construction Monitoring

Software Package (see below)

Our Echoscope® PIPE (the first 6-Dimensional Sonar) will also bring significant capabilities to include multiple parallel processing (enabling different parameters to be set and
utilized) in real time mode. We are not aware of any sonars that can offer this capability. This will allow multiple tasks and users of the real time data simultaneously, thus
increasing efficiency and enabling tasks which were previously impossible.

Geophysical Products and Solutions

We started our business in 1994 designing and developing the CodaOctopus® GeoSurvey software and hardware package for acquisition and processing of sidescan sonar and
sub-bottom profiler data. For over two decades, our GeoSurvey has been an industry leading software package in the market for data acquisition and interpretation and provides
feature  rich  solutions  and  productivity  enhancing  tools  for  the  most  exacting  survey  requirements.  Designed  specifically  for  sidescan  and  sub-bottom  data  acquisition,
CodaOctopus® GeoSurvey has been purchased by numerous leading survey companies throughout the world.

The Products Business generates around 5% of its revenues from this range of products. With the launch of the new products based on Artificial Intelligence technology for
which we believe there is increased demand we would anticipate our revenues from this line to increase over time.

Geophysical Hardware

These consist of a range of hardware solutions for field acquisition of sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler, which includes analog and digital interfaces compatible with all
geophysical survey systems.

In 2018, we introduced our DA4G-USB product. This allows customers to integrate the DA4G hardware into their own PC configuration. Based on the CodaOctopus® DA4G
system, it offers the same functionality, robustness and ease of use. CodaOctopus ® DA4G  is  the  4th  generation  of  our  successful  DA  series  and  is  built  on  twenty  years  of
knowledge,  experience  and  innovation  in  supplying  unparalleled  products  and  service  to  the  worldwide  geophysical  survey  sector.  These  purpose-built,  turn-key,  systems
incorporate the very latest hardware specifications and are designed and delivered to meet the demanding nature of offshore survey work.

The CodaOctopus® DA4G range consists of a number of options and is backed (like all our products) with global service and support.

This consists of an integrated suite of software that automates the tasks of analyzing, annotating and mosaicing complex data sets, thus ensuring faster and more precise results.

Geophysical Software

Our CodaOctopus® GeoSurvey software is supplied to complement our DA4G hardware, offering field acquisition of sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler data.

Our Survey Engine software product offers a more advanced post-processing solution for sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler data. Designed to streamline processing of very
large data sets – many 100GBs – it offers comprehensive processing, interpretation, visualization, reporting and exporting functionality.

We continue to advance this range of products and in 2018 we launched our first product based on Artificial Intelligence techniques which allows us to automatically identify
boulders on the seabed (“Survey Engine Automatic Object Detection (SEADP)”). This new product presents a real opportunity to radically change workflow process for post-
processing and analyzing side scan sonar data to assess, among other things, the suitability of an area for exploration and construction activities (O&G installations, pipeline and
cable laying activities). This is in its early stage of roll out and has sparked significant interest. This is an area where we are investing our research and development efforts.

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Additionally, in 2019 we introduced our Seabed Classification module (again based on Artificial Intelligence techniques). This automatically classifies sidescan sonar imagery
into different seabed types, computes and exports polygonal boundaries for these areas, and thereby simplifies sidescan processing.

Inertial Positioning and Attitude Measurement Systems (“Motion Products”)

Our  Motion  Products  are  Global  Navigational  Satellite  System  (referred  to  in  the  industry  as  “GNSS” Aided  Inertial  Measurement  Units)  provide  measurement  data  on  the
position and attitude of a vessel.  This device provides real-time data on these measurements which are applied to compensate for vessel movement in order to align sonar data
and remove motion blur.

We have had our F180® series in the market for over 15 years. These systems are used either alone and then paired with third parties multibeam sonars or used in conjunction
with our volumetric real time sonars.   This technology has been developed for the marine environment and is based on technology originally developed for the extreme world
of motor racing. Modifications and enhancements have resulted in a simple-to-use, off-the-shelf product that brings accurate positioning and motion data into extreme offshore
conditions for precision marine survey applications worldwide. Variants within the F180 ® series include the F190, exclusively configured for use ‘near-land’, e.g., within ports
and harbors, and the F185, with enhanced precision positioning to 1cm accuracy (<0.5”). Coda Octopus iHeave, an intelligent software product for dealing with long period
ocean swell compensation, is fully integrated within the F180® series.

New Generation of Motion Products

We have now completed the ground up development of our new generation of Motion Products (F280®). The new F280 is based on more advanced technology, more accurate
than our F180® series. The new technology is much more scalable towards future development of new product variants. The F280® series is highly complementary to our real
time volumetric sonar series and they are packaged together to provide a more comprehensive solution to our customers. The F280 is sold with and without our sonar series.

Sales and Marketing

We  market  our  products  primarily  through  our  website,  industry  events,  webinars  and  industry  relationships. We  also  have  an  internal  sales  and  marketing  team  which  is
engaged in marketing and selling our products. In addition, we have a network of non-exclusive independent global sales agents.

Coda Octopus Products Limited has the requisite accreditations for its business including being Lloyds Register accredited to ISO 9001:2015 and Cyber Essentials certification.

10

Marine Engineering Businesses (“Service Segment”)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our Marine Engineering Businesses comprise Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. based in Salt Lake City and Coda Octopus Martech Limited based in the United Kingdom.

These two operating entities supply engineered sub-assembly solutions which form part of mission critical integrated defense systems, test equipment, instrumentation and the
like. They operate as sub-contractors to prime defense contractors and their engineering solutions are typically within broader defense programs where high levels of reliability
and quality are essential pre-requisites for securing and maintaining these agreements with their customers. Typically, we prototype products for these customers and after going
through various acceptance tests, including first article inspection approvals, we are given the production contracts. Many of these production contracts have a repeat orders
profile which typically follows the life cycle of the defense program that is using the production part.

These arrangements often give us long term preferred/sole supplier status for the parts we supply, technology refresh and obsolescence management business opportunities with
these customers and we generally use these long-standing relationships to win more contracts with these customers.

This business relies on increasing the number of new programs it attracts annually.

In addition, we are increasingly combining our engineering capabilities with our product offerings. This enables us to offer systems which are complete with installation and
support to maximize the utilization of our collective expertise to advance our real time volumetric sonar technology.

Coda Octopus Martech Limited (“Martech”)

Martech operates in the specialized niche of bespoke design and manufacturing services mainly to the United Kingdom defense and subsea industries. Its services are provided
on a custom sub-contract basis where high quality and high integrity devices are required in small quantities.

The Company enjoys pre-approvals to allow it to be short-listed for certain types of government contracts. Much of the more significant business secured by Martech is through
the formal government or government contractor tendering process. Government contracts may be terminated at any time at the discretion of the government. If the government
does terminate a contract, the Company is allowed to recover the costs incurred up to the date of termination. During the last few years, only one non-material government
contract was terminated for convenience.

11

Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. (“Colmek”)

Colmek is a service provider of defense engineering solutions, particularly in the fields of data acquisition, storage, transmission and display. It has grown and diversified since
beginning its operations in 1977 and now provides services and products to a wide range of defense, research and exploration organizations in the United States.

It designs, manufactures and supports systems that are reliable and effective in multiple military and commercial applications where ruggedness and reliability under extreme
operational conditions are paramount and where lives depend on accurate and precise information.

Colmek has long standing relationships with a number of prime defense contractors and has been supporting a number of defense programs for over 40 years including the
Close in Weapons Support Program (CIWS) for which it supplies proprietary parts and services and technical refresh programs. As a result, Colmek has recurring revenues
from these long-standing programs. Colmek continues to expand the number of established programs into which it supplies proprietary parts.

In June 2014 Colmek completed the acquisition of the Thermite® which is a rugged visual mission computer line and the Sentiris® AV1 XMC video card for $1,100,000 in
cash. Colmek also acquired hardware, Thermite inventory and other intellectual property rights (such as software code and trademarks pertaining to these products). Thermite®
was acquired with the goal of updating the technology and expanding the market for this rugged mission computer.

The Thermite® Product fits within established programs with Department of Defense (“DoD”) prime contractors and benefits from being a single source product under this
program. Customers for this item include the US Army, Benchmark, and Endeavor Robotics Defense and Security Division.

Thermite ® Rugged Visual Computers

● Rugged, graphics-based PCs designed to perform in the most brutal environmental conditions;

●

●

●

●

Focus on graphics-based high-performance computing with integrated accelerated video capture capability;

Lightweight, power efficient and conduction-cooled;

Three models optimized for man-wearable, vehicle, and airborne platforms; and

Programs include dismounted soldier training, mission rehearsal, real time imaging, robotic control, weapon system control, sensor processing and display.

12

We  consider  Thermite® to  be  an  important  part  of  our  growth  strategy  and  are  investing  in  the  new  generation  of  these  mission  computers  and  have  expended  significant
development costs on re-engineering this. To this end, we have now designed and developed our next generation of the Thermite® “Octal”. The new Octal is in trials with a
number of new customers who fit the profile of large quantity purchasers with repeat and long-term requirements for this product. The coronavirus Pandemic has interrupted the
completion of these trials. The Thermite is one of our key growth catalysts.

Other products offered by Colmek include subsea telemetry and data acquisition systems, rugged workstations, analog-to-digital converters and rugged LCD displays.

Competition

In our Products Segment, we are exposed to the following competitive challenges:

Data Acquisition Products (GEO Products)

The sonar equipment industry is fragmented with several companies occupying niche areas, and we face competition from different companies with respect to our different
products. In the field of geophysical products, Triton Imaging Inc., a US-based company, now part of the ECA Group (Toulon, France), Chesapeake, a US-based company, and
Oceanic Imaging Consultants, Hawaii, USA, dominate the market with an estimated 25% each of world sales, while we believe that we control approximately 5% of world-
wide sales.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13

Inertial Positioning and Attitude Measurement Systems (“Motion Products”)

In the field of motion sensing equipment, where our product addresses a small part of the overall market, we believe that we have four principal competitors: TSS (International)
Ltd in Watford, England which is focused on the mid-performance segments with about 25% of the world market; Ixsea, a French company which covers all segments, with
about 20% of the market; Kongsberg Seatex, a Norwegian company (part of Kongsberg Gruppen) which has products across all segments, with about 15% of the market; and
Applanix, a Canadian company, now part of Trimble which has one major product focused on the high end of the market, with about 20% of the market. We believe that our
market share in the field of motion sensing equipment is only about 5%. This market is fiercely competitive and with the advancement of technology, there are new entrants to
the market such as SBG Systems (a French based manufacturer of motion sensors). Due to the price pressure in this market, we are selling our products more in conjunction
with our real time 3D sonars than on a standalone basis. However, with the development of our new F280®product, this gives us the opportunity to increase our market share.

Real Time Volumetric Sonar

In the field of Real Time 3D/4D/5D imaging, we are unaware of other companies offering a similar product. The entry into this market is dependent upon specialized marine
electronics, acoustic and software development skills. The learning curve, which has resulted in the advancement of our real time 3D sonar device, is the culmination of two
decades of research and development into this field. Companies such as Tritech International Ltd., United Kingdom, BlueView Technologies Inc., USA (now a part of Teledyne
Technologies Incorporated), and Norbit Group AS Norway are examples, but none of these sonar offerings are directly comparable or competitors to our real time volumetric
sonar solutions. Specifically, we believe that they do not have the same capabilities as our Echoscope® technology in terms of generating real time 3D, 4D, 5D and 6D images
of  moving  objects  underwater  including  in  environments  in  low  or  zero  visibility  conditions.  Nor  the  ability  to  use  a  single  sonar  for  multiple  real  time  3D  images
simultaneously.  Notwithstanding  it  should  be  noted  that  Teledyne  has  acquired  a  significant  number  of  substantial  subsea  companies  (examples  are  Reson  and  BlueView).
Teledyne has much greater resources, liquidity and market reach than our Company and has many operating verticals. We therefore can give no assurance that companies such
as  these  will  not  enter  this  market.  Notwithstanding,  we  believe  that  our  recent  development  and  introduction  of  5D/6D  -  Echoscope  PIPE®)  sonar  capability  further
distinguishes our volumetric sonars and significantly extends our lead over competitors in the subsea imaging market. We are not aware of any other imaging sonars in the
market capable of generating real time 5D and 6D imagery underwater. The innovations around Echoscope PIPE® are the subject of numerous patent applications.

We  seek  to  compete  on  the  basis  of  producing  high  quality  products  employing  cutting  edge  technology  that  is  easy  to  use  by  operators  without  specialized  skills  in  sonar
technology. We intend to continue our research and development activities to continually improve our products, seek new applications for our existing products, to develop new
innovative products and grow the market for our products and expertise.

In our Services Segment, we are exposed to the following competitive challenges:

Marine Engineering Businesses

Through our marine engineering operations, Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and Coda Octopus Martech Limited, we are involved in custom engineering for the defense industry in
the United States and in the United Kingdom. Martech competes with larger contractors in the defense industry. Typical among these are Ultra Electronics, BAE Systems, and
Thales, all of whom are also partners on various projects. In addition, the strongest competitors are often the clients themselves. Because of their size, they often have the option
to proceed with a project in-house instead of outsourcing to a sub-contractor like Martech or Colmek.

Intellectual Property

Our  product  portfolio  and  technologies  are  protected  by  intellectual  property  rights  including  trademarks,  copyrights  and  patents.  In  the  last  2  years  we  have  advanced  our
existing sonar technology and have filed a number of significant patents applications pertaining to these inventions including covering our newly innovated 5D and 6D sonars.

Patents

Our patented inventions along with our strategy to enhance these inventions are at the heart of the Company’s strategy for growth and development.

14

Our patent portfolio consists of the following:

Patent Number

Description

Expiration Date

US Patent No. 7,466,628

  Concerns a  “Method  of  constructing  mathematical  representations  of  objects  from  reflected

January 1, 2027

sonar signals.”

US Patent No. 7,489,592

  Concerns a  “Method  of  automatically  performing  a  patch  test  for  a  sonar  system,  where  data
from a plurality of overlapping 3D sonar scans of a surface, as the platform is moved, are used to
compensate for biases in mounting the sonar system on the platform”.

July 8, 2027

US Patent No. 7,898,902

  Concerns a “method of representation of sonar images” allowing sonar three-dimensional (3D)

June 13, 2028

data to be represented by a two-dimensional image.

US Patent No. 8,059,486

  Concerns a method of rendering volume representation of sonar images.

US Patent No. 8,854,920

  Concerns a method of volumetric rendering of three-dimensional sonar data sets

US Patent No. 9,019,795

  Concerns a method of object tracking using sonar imaging

US Patent No. 10,088,566

  Concerns a method of object tracking using sonar imaging

US Patent No. 10,718,865

  Concerns a method of compressing beamforming sonar data

US Patent No. 10,816,652

Concerns a method of compressing sonar data

JP Patent No. 5565964

To  provide  a  method  for  drilling/levelling  thereof  by  an  Underwater  drilling/levelling  work
machine construction device

April 16, 2028

June 22, 2033

November 30, 2033

November 26, 2036

March 1, 2039

October 28, 2038

January 31, 2031

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
JP Patent No. 5565957

To Provide a construction management method by a three- dimensional Sonar by a construction
management device

October 31, 2030

Trademarks

We own the registered trademarks listed below and they are used in conjunction with the products that we market and sell:

Coda®,  Octopus®,  CodaOctopus®,  CodaOctopus  &  Design®,  Octopus  &  Design®,  F180®,  F280®,  F280  Series®,  Echoscope®,  Echoscope  4G®,  Echoscope  5D®,  5D
Echoscope®,  Echoscope  6D®,  6D  Echoscope®,  Echoscope  PIPE®  Ping-Pong  Echoscope  Sonar®,  Ping-Pong  Echoscope®,  Ping-Pong  Sonar®,  4G  Underwater  Survey
Explorer®,  4G  USE®,  Survey  Engine®,  Dimension®,  DAseries®,  CodaOctopus®  Air,  CodaOctopus ®  Vantage;  CodaOctopus ®  UIS;  CodaOctopus®  USE,  Sentiris®  and
Thermite®.

In  addition,  we  have 
www.martechsystems.co.uk.

registered 

several 

internet  domain  names 

including  www.codaoctopus.com;  www.codaoctopusgroup.com;  www.colmek.com  and

Research and Development

Research and Development is foundational to our business strategy to ensure our growth strategy and maintain our competitiveness. During the fiscal years ended 2020 and
2019, we spent $3,188,389 and $2,801,331 (a 13.8% increase), respectively, on Research and Development.  With the crystallization of our sonar series developments and our
F280® inertial navigation system, we would expect R&D expenditures in this area to be less in 2021 fiscal year.

Our products are complex and therefore we can give no assurance that even with spending a significant part of our resources on R&D, we will be successful in our development
goals. Furthermore, even following launch of any product we may not succeed. Moreover, we may incur significant research and development expenditures without realizing
viable products.

15

Government Regulation

Because of the nature of some of our products, they may be subject to export control regimes including in the United States, United Kingdom, Denmark and Australia where we
conduct business operations. Where our products are subject to such export control requirements, they may only be exported to our customers if there is a valid export license
granted  by  the  relevant  government  body.  Moreover,  these  regulations  may  change  from  time  to  time  in  these  jurisdictions,  including  the  United  States,  depending  on  the
existing relationship with the country to which the goods are exported. See Item 7 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation) for
further discussion on this.

We are also required to maintain certain accreditations such as ISO accreditation, cyber security certifications, approvals to hold government items or materials and/or certain
personnel or facility clearances.

In  addition,  as  a  provider  for  the  US  Government,  we  may  be  subject  to  numerous  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  award,  administration  and  performance  of  US
Government  contracts,  including  the  False  Claims Act.  Non-compliance  found  by  any  one  agency  could  result  in  fines,  penalties,  debarment,  or  suspension  from  receiving
additional contracts with all US Government agencies. Given our dependence on US Government business, suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations.

Employees

As of the date hereof, we employ approximately 110 employees worldwide, of which 12 hold management positions. A large majority of our employees have a background in
science, technology and engineering, with a substantial part being educated to degree and PhD level. None of our employees are employed under a collective agreement and we
have not experienced any organized labor difficulties in the past.

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Orlando, Florida

16

Our corporate offices are co-located with our subsidiary Coda Octopus Products, Inc. in Orlando. We own these business premises comprising 3,000 square feet that includes
office space and R&D facilities.

Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Coda Octopus Colmek operates from its premises which comprises 16,000 square feet and includes production, R&D Facilities and office space. These premises are owned by
Coda Octopus Colmek.

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Coda Octopus Products Limited (Edinburgh based) operates from its premises comprising 12,070 square feet of internal space and includes production, R&D Facilities and
office space. These premises are owned by Coda Octopus Products Limited.

Copenhagen, Denmark

As a mitigation strategy in relation to the UK leaving the European Union membership, thus limiting trade relations with EU member states, we have leased business premises

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in Copenhagen, Denmark. The lease runs from September 1, 2019 to September 1, 2023 with a clause allowing us to break the lease with effect from September 1, 2021 upon 6
months’ notice.

Annual rent is DKK 131,625 plus Value Added Tax (being an equivalent of $19,660 per annum) with an annual increase of 3%.

Portland, Dorset, UK

Martech uses premises owned by Coda Octopus Products Limited. These premises are located in the Marine Center in Portland, Dorset, United Kingdom, and comprise 9,890
square feet. The building comprises both office space and manufacturing and testing facilities. The lease is on a rent-free basis for a period of 2 years expiring December 31,
2020. After this Martech will resume paying Coda Octopus Products Limited rent amounting to the equivalent of $56,457 per annum.

All non-US Dollar denominated rents are stated according to prevailing exchange rates as of the date of each respective lease agreement.

 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent
uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings
that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not Applicable.

17

 PART II

  ITEM  5.  MARKET  FOR  REGISTRANT’S  COMMON  EQUITY,  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER  MATTERS  AND  ISSUER  PURCHASES  OF  EQUITY
SECURITIES

Our  common  stock  has  been  traded  on  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market  under  the  symbol  “CODA”  since  July  19,  2017.  Prior  thereto,  it  had  been  quoted  on  the  OTCQX  since
February 8, 2017 under the symbol COGI, and prior thereto, on the OTC Pink Sheets under the symbol CDOC. The following table sets forth the range of high and low bid
prices of our common stock as reported and summarized on the Nasdaq, for the periods indicated. These prices are based on inter-dealer bid and asked prices, without markup,
markdown, commissions, or adjustments and may not represent actual transactions.

Year Ended October 31, 2020
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

Year Ended October 31, 2019
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

  $
  $
  $
  $

  $
  $
  $
  $

HIGH

LOW

9.26    $
7.04    $
6.17    $
6.73    $

HIGH

LOW

6.86    $
15.30    $
18.97    $
11.66    $

6.29 
4.63 
4.41 
5.42 

5.23 
5.91 
9.71 
7.16 

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business, and
we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The decision whether to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be made by our board of directors,
in their discretion, and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that the board of directors considers significant.

 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not applicable.

18

 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The  information  herein  contains  forward-looking  statements.  All  statements  other  than  statements  of  historical  fact  made  herein  are  forward  looking.  In  particular,  the
statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be
identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should” or other variations
or  similar  words.  No  assurances  can  be  given  that  the  future  results  anticipated  by  the  forward-looking  statements  will  be  achieved.  Forward-looking  statements  reflect
management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management’s expectations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, included herewith. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the
results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future.
Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

General Overview

We operate two distinct business operations. These are:

●

●

the Marine Technology Business (also referred to in this Form 10-K as “Products Business”, “Products Operations” or “Products Segment”); and

the Marine Engineering Business (also referred to in this Form 10-K as “Engineering Business”, “Engineering Operations”, or “Services Segment”).

Our Marine Technology Business is a technology solution provider to the subsea and underwater market. It has a long-established pedigree in this market, and it innovates,
designs, develops and manufactures proprietary solutions for this market (both for commercial and defense applications) including our range of flagship volumetric real time

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
sonar solutions.

These solutions and products are used primarily in the underwater construction market, offshore oil and gas, offshore wind energy industry, and in the complex dredging, port
security,  mining  and  marine  sciences  sectors.  Our  customers  include  service  providers  to  major  oil  and  gas  (“O&G”)  companies,  law  enforcement  agencies,  ports,  mining
companies, defense bodies, fisheries and research institutes.

Our Marine Engineering Business is a supplier of engineering services and embedded solutions (such as mission computers) to prime defense contractors such as Raytheon and
Northrop  Grumman.  Generally,  the  items  supplied  into  the  defense  market  are  sub-systems  in  broader  mission  critical  integrated  systems  and  thus  requires  a  high  level  of
reliability, consistency in standards and robustness.

We have long-standing relationships with prime defense contractors, and we use these credentials to secure more business. We support some significant defense programs by
supplying  and  maintaining  proprietary  parts  (or  parts  for  which  we  are  preferred  suppliers)  through  obsolescence  management  programs.  These  services  provide  recurring
stream of revenues for our Services segment.

19

Both  the  Marine  Technology  Business  and  Marine  Engineering  Business  have  established  synergies  in  terms  of  customers  and  specialized  engineering  skill  sets  (hardware,
firmware and software) encompassing capturing, computing, processing and displaying data in harsh environments.

Our business is affected by a number of factors including those set out below:

A. United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union (“Brexit”)

The UK was a member of the European Union member states for close to 50 years. This membership enabled the freedom of movement of goods, persons, capital and
services  between  member  states.  Following  a  referendum  in  2016  where  the  country  voted  to  leave  the  EU,  the  UK  withdrew  from  its  membership  of  the  EU  on
December 31, 2020. This withdrawal removed these rights.

As  part  of  the  withdrawal,  the  UK  Government  and  EU  reached  an  agreement  on  December  30,  2020  on  trade  in  certain  areas. At  this  stage  there  is  scant  analysis
available on the details of the trade agreement concluded between the parties. However, from the information available we understand that for the solutions and products
we supply to the EU member states, there will be no trade tariffs or quotas (applicable at this stage).

However, the change in the UK EU membership status still adversely impacts our business in a number of important areas:

● We will not be able to recruit workers from the EU member states without getting a work permit.
● Our technology requires training to support its effective implementation. Typically for sales  and rentals we would mobilize our engineers to train and assist
these customers in set up of the equipment. Under the new trade agreement, we will need to obtain the necessary work permits from the EU member state to
which we intend to send our engineer. This will be time consuming and costly and the rules for granting such permit will vary from member state to member
state. Furthermore, we have no precedent to know if these permits will be granted.

● We are  now  subject  to  custom  procedures  for  exporting  our  goods  to  EU  member  states.  Furthermore, the  introduction  of  border  controls,  where  the
infrastructure is not in place to support the expeditious movement of vehicles across border, could result in delays of exports and supply chain delays, which
could impact on our ability to manufacture our products and meet customer demand in a timely manner.

Since there  is  scant  detailed  analysis  available  on  the  recently  concluded  trade  agreement  between  the  UK  and  the  EU,  including  preconditions,  reservations  and
exclusions that may be present, the full implications for the Company are, at this stage, not completely clear.

The Company established a company, Coda Octopus Products A/S, in Denmark to maintain a presence in the European Union and to address some of the foreseeable
issues. Even with the trade deal in place, this subsidiary is still considered important for the Company.

20

B. Currency Risks:

The Company’s operations are split between the United States, United Kingdom, Denmark and Australia. A large proportion of our revenues (approximately 47%) and
costs are incurred outside of the USA with a significant part (46% of our total revenues) of that in the United Kingdom (“UK”). In addition, a significant part of our
assets  (both  current  and  fixed)  is  held  in  British  Pounds  by  our  foreign  subsidiaries. Significant  currency  fluctuations  (particularly  the  British  Pound  versus  the  US
Dollar) may affect our financial results and the value of our assets. With the conclusion of the trade agreement between the UK and EU, we anticipate that unlike the last
4 years which saw increased volatility between the British Pound and other major currencies, including the US Dollar, it will be more stable.

C.

Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak (referred to in this Form 10-K as “Coronavirus”, (“Pandemic”) or (“COVID-19”)

General Impact

The global outbreak of the Coronavirus has resulted in governments throughout the world, implementing measures restricting the freedom of movement of people and
curtailment of business activities including business closure to curb the spread of the coronavirus.

Our business started to be impacted in February 2020 when several significant industry events such as trade shows important for the promotion and marketing of our
products were cancelled. In addition, several navy projects which had been scheduled for implementation were indefinitely postponed in February 2020. During March
2020, governments introduced “global restrictions of movement” that impacted our ability to conduct much of our income generating business activities. Our financial
performance was materially impacted in the second quarter of 2020. In the Third Quarter we saw improvement in market conditions. However, in the Fourth Quarter
with the resurgence of the so-called “second wave”, our operations were once again hampered with various degrees of closure of the business or reduction in activities to
comply  with  Government  regulations  or  to  perform  company-wide  COVID-19  tests,  all  of  which  resulted  in  substantial  fall  in  business  productivity,  the  decline  of
revenues in the Fourth Quarter of our fiscal year along with increased costs of operation associated with our Pandemic response. The Pandemic has affected the industry
in which our businesses operate in and has resulted in reduced demand for our goods and services in the 2020 FY resulting in a material fall in our revenues with total
operating expenses remaining at the same level thus resulting in a fall in our net earnings in the 2020 FY.

In  January  2021,  the  UK  Government  imposed  the  highest  level  of  restrictions  limiting  business  operations.  Our  UK  Business  is  therefore  affected  and  will  largely
remain closed for the months of January and February 2021. Since we are a manufacturing company, it is increasingly difficult and not financially viable to institute
remote working.

Impact on Revenues and Earnings

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Until the business environment normalizes, we are uncertain as to the extent of the impact the coronavirus outbreak will have on our future financial results. In the 2020
FY we have experienced three full quarters of the coronavirus impact and our financial results have been negatively impacted as we are seeing less demand for our goods
and services and at the same time increased costs associated with managing the Pandemic response in the Company. Furthermore, the ability to continue to implement
projects successfully is impacted by rules requiring staff to quarantine (which can be for many weeks). This is further compounded by the size of our business, where
often, key functions are concentrated in a small team of staff members who may all be affected by this issue at the same time.

On the Products Business side, a significant part of our revenues is generated from field customer support work (training, assistance in mobilization of equipment or
operating the equipment on behalf of our customers). Coronavirus has caused many of these field projects to be postponed indefinitely – which in turn negatively affects
our revenues and financial results. This is evident in our rental income which is down by 51.5% in the 2020 FY over the 2019 FY. We believe that travel will not be
normalized  for  much  of  2021  and  therefore  we  believe  that  we  will  continue  to  be  impacted  by  the  Pandemic  (even  with  the  vaccination  program  now  being
implemented).

21

On the Services Business side, travel is also an important element as many of its engineering projects require customers to attend its premises to conduct Critical Design
Reviews (“CDRs”). The Coronavirus outbreak has resulted in travel restrictions due to customers’ policy or quarantine requirements. This in turn has resulted in the
delay in many engineering projects, thus negatively impacting our revenues and financial results. This business is also affected by the same business interruptions caused
by requirements for staff members to self-isolate and this may be an entire team, affecting our ability to operate the business and perform customer projects. It has also
dampened demand for our services as many purchasing decisions have been deferred due to many Government employees’ working from home making it difficult to
take these decisions in accordance with their practices.

Government Policies on Coronavirus

Our operations are based in a number of countries, with each country establishing different rules related to coronavirus including rules on restricting business operations,
limiting  staff  travel  work  and  quarantining  rules.  This  has  generally  resulted  in  a  much  less  predictable  working  environment  for  planning  and  delivering  customer
projects and project cost management. Several implications flow from this including:

Impairment of the business’ productivity
Project over runs
Increased operation costs resulting from our Pandemic response
Increase project costs due to the delay caused by self-isolation rules or business closure or restriction on travel to work

●
●
●
●
● Higher staff costs due to increased sick pay allowance which varies according to the country where the business operations are located, combined

with lower overall productivity.

Impact on Liquidity, Balance Sheet and Assets

Failure to curb the coronavirus Pandemic in the near future, coupled with a downturn in the global economic outlook, may adversely impact on our availability of our
free cashflow, working capital and business prospects. As of October 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $15.1 million and for the year then
ended we generated approximately $4.4 M of cash from operations. Based on our outstanding obligations including loans and notes payable, their terms and our cash
balances we believe we have sufficient working capital to effectively continue our business operations for the foreseeable future.

Products Business Outlook

In  the  2020  FY  the  Products  Business  revenues  fell  by  12.6%  compared  to  the  previous  2019  FY.  This  was  largely  due  to  the  business  interruption  caused  by  the
coronavirus outbreak and the restrictive measures put in place by various governments to contain the virus.

The coronavirus outbreak started to impact our business at the beginning of the second quarter of the current fiscal year (February 2020). The outbreak has limited the
number of offshore projects which are undertaken by our customers. This has resulted in a significant fall in the category of revenues relating to project work (rentals)
which fell in the 2020 FY by 49.4% and was $1,361,151 compared to $2,688,570 in the 2019 FY. In addition, we have seen a reduced demand for our products and
services,  which  are  attributed  to  the  Pandemic,  its  impact  on  spending  by  our  customers  and  also  change  in  policy  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  USA  Government
concerning exporting of our products to China. In the current fiscal year, we have had the equivalent of $1,300,000 of orders intended for China refused by the UK
Government. This is material for our business.

The  Products  Business  operations  are  global  and  much  of  our  income  generating  activities  require  us  to  attend  customer  sites,  often  on  an  offshore  vessel.  Offshore
activities now require more planning to ensure personnel entering the offshore facility are virus-free. The new norm requires personnel to be quarantined for a 14-day
period in the country where the job site is located, prior to entering the vessel. This limits available resources for customer projects (as project implementation time is
likely to increase by the 14 days arrival quarantine and the additional 14 days upon return to home country). It also increases the costs of executing these projects.

A  significant  part  of  the  Products  Business  human  capital  and  resources  are  based  in  the  UK.  The  UK  Government  has  introduced  a  tiered  system  to  manage  the
coronavirus outbreak in various regions of the UK. In January 2021, the Scottish Government moved to the highest levels of restrictions which introduced a national
lockdown for the period of January. This restricts our ability to operate the business and we anticipate that this will adversely affect our revenues.

22

A substantial part of our revenues is generated by our UK operations. With the UK leaving the European Union, we believe that we will realize less sales from the EU
member states countries.

We rely on specialist software development skills. There is an acute shortage of these skills which has resulted in reduced resourcing of these skills in our business and
at the same time significantly increased costs associated with securing these skills. This could impact our ability to service and develop our products and/or serve to
increase our overall costs, and therefore impact on our financial results.

We rely on sophisticated electronics for our products and we anticipate delay in the supply chain and increase in price. This may affect, among other things, our gross
margins and ability to fulfill customer orders in a timely manner along with a resulting decline in revenues.

Services Business Outlook

In the 2020 FY the Services Segment revenues fell by 27.8% compared to FY 2019.

This is due to the impact of the coronavirus outbreak which has resulted in reduce demand for our services. In addition, our engineering projects require customers to
attend our sites for Critical Design Reviews (“CDRs”). Due to the policy of many organizations to limit travel to “essential travel only”, many CDRs are postponed and
this negatively impacts on the advancement of the engineering projects which will impact revenues. The Services Business is likely to continue to be impacted until the

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
curtailments caused by the coronavirus are removed.

The Services Business is also impacted by the change in the US Administration. This will result in a delay in approving the budget and making the appropriations. In
addition,  there  may  be  changes  in  the  Government’s  Defense  Spending  priorities  which  could  affect  the  programs  that  use  our  products.  This  could  be  further
compounded where the new Administration in the Senate is operating on a slim majority – which may result in further delays in the finalization of the Federal Defense
Budget.

D. Political Landscape/Exporting to China

We sell our products globally and increasingly to Asia. The recent change in both the US and UK Governments attitude towards trade with China, directly affects the sale
of our products to customers based in China. Our real time 3D sonars which are rated above 300 meters along with our inertial navigation and attitude measurement
sensors (F280® series) are subject to export control for certain countries, including China.

Recently the US Government Department of Commerce (Bureau of Industry and Security) amended the Export administration Regulations (EAR) to add seventy seven
(77) Chinese entities “determined ….to be acting contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the united States”. The amended EAR in general states
that there is a “presumption of denial” of grant of export licenses to these entities and their affiliates.

The UK Government is generally in step lock with the US Government’s position and recently, refused to grant export licenses for several applications for end users in
China  for  the  first  time  in  25  years  of  our  dealing  with  the  UK  Export  Control  Organization.  The  curtailment  of  access  to  this  market  due  to  refusal  to  issue  export
licenses is likely to significantly impact our revenues from Asia.

Furthermore, even though our sonars which are rated at 250m or less do not require export licenses for China, the UK Customs are now seizing these items which are
destined for China.

In 2020 FY we were unable to meet demand for $1,300,000 of sales order for China, due to refusal by the UK Government to issue export licenses.

The  removal  of  China  as  a  trading  partner  is  likely  to  have  significant  negative  impact  on  our  revenues  and  growth  strategy.  China  has  one  of  the  largest  planned
investment programs for offshore renewables, the market which most of our technology is used for in China. After significant business development in China, we had
started to see persistent and credible growth for our products in this market. Unless there is a change in this policy, we are likely to see a decline in growth and sales into
the Chinese Market. It is estimated that around 50-75 multibeam sonars are sold to China Commercial Market each year (approximately $10 million). It is this market we
had  started  to  make  significant  inroads  in  to  increase  our  global  market  share.  Unless  the  Government’s  current  policy/stance  changes  and  becomes  favorable  to
resumption of trade with China, we are unlikely to realize this potential, imminently.

23

E. Price of Commodities and Supply Chain:

The price of commodities, in particular oil and gas (“O&G”) has a direct impact on the Products Business. The decline in O&G prices since 2014 with a partial recovery
since 2016 has resulted in large scale reductions in capital and operational expenditures and seismic changes in the subsea market. This directly impacts on the Products
Business  by  reducing  the  quantity  of  sales  and  rentals  into  O&G  and  related  markets.  O&G  has  remained  very  competitive  and  customers  are  increasingly  seeking
significant discounts to place orders. Around 5% of the Marine Technology Business revenues emanates from this sector. Historically, and prior to the price downturn,
the vast majority of our revenues were generated from the O&G sector.

Our technology is based on electronics that are designed and manufactured to our specification exclusively for us. These electronic components are costly. Advancement
in technology may make these specialized components or circuits obsolete. Reengineering these key components could result in significant capital expenditure and also
may cripple the production of our products since quick replacements cannot be found.

F. Government Spending for Defense:

We are dependent on the timely allocation of funds to defense procurement by governments in the United States and the United Kingdom. A large part of our revenues in
the Services Segment derives from government funding in the defense sector. In general, where there is a change of government, spending priorities may change from
those priorities of the previous Administration. This may adversely impact on our revenues. Since the US Government is due to change in January 2021, this introduces a
number of uncertainties including the new Government’s defense priorities and its ability to find consensus in the Senate on the Defense Budget. There is therefore a
high probability that this will have an adverse impact on the order take of the Services Business in the 2021 calendar year.

G. Resourcing Levels

Due  to  the  fact  that  in  relative  terms  we  are  a  small  business,  we  are  hindered  in  our  ability  to  compete  for  certain  specialized  electronic  engineering  skills  as  our
remuneration  package  is  not  as  competitive  as  those  offered  by  bigger  companies.  This  is  further  compounded  by  the  UK  leaving  the  European  Union  which  now
restricts our ability to recruit outside of the UK. We are also currently suffering from acute shortage of software resources which could hamper our ability to support our
products and therefore impact on revenues and growth plans.

24

H.

Investments:

We lack the financial resources to advance our flagship technology at the commercially appropriate pace required to capture new markets and increase our sales which
could facilitate new entrants to the market. For example, Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, a multi-billion company, has in recent years acquired a number of subsea
companies that may speed up their entry into our market.

In relative terms, the Company has limited external sources of capital available, and as such is reliant upon its ability to sell its products and services to provide sufficient
working capital for its operations and obligations. Notwithstanding, on or around November 27, 2019 the Company secured a $4 million Revolving Credit Line from
HSBC NA, its current bankers which can be used for working capital purposes, including expansion activities as required.

I. Technological Advancement:

A significant part of our growth strategy is predicated on our flagship real time volumetric imaging sonar technology. The technology space is inherently uncertain due to
the fast pace of innovations and therefore we can give no assurance that we can maintain our leading position in the real time volumetric imaging sonar market or that
innovations  in  other  areas  may  not  surpass  our  unique  capability  that  we  currently  supply  to  the  subsea  market. An  example  of  new  technology  entering  the  subsea
market is LIDAR technology. However, unlike our sonar technology, LIDAR technology cannot be employed in zero visibility conditions and cannot generate a volume
pulse or image moving objects.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires our
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported levels of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Below  is  a  discussion  of  accounting  policies  that  we  consider  critical  to  an  understanding  of  our  financial  condition  and  operating  results  and  that  may  require  complex
judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion
of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies” of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

All of our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater technologies and equipment for imaging,
mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services that we provide. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration
so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential variable additional consideration. Our product sales do not include a right of return
by the customer.

With regard to our Products Segment, all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we
also provide services (e.g., installation, training, etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value
of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

For further discussion of our revenue recognition accounting policies, refer to Note 2, paragraph h – “Revenue Recognition” in these financial statements.

25

Stock based Compensation

We recognize the expense related to the fair value of stock based compensation awards within the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The stock
based fair value compensation is determined as of the date of the grant or the date at which the performance of the services is completed (measurement date) and is recognized
over the periods in which the related services are rendered.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). Under ASC 740, deferred income tax
assets and liabilities are recorded for the income tax effects of differences between the bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their bases for income
tax reporting. The Company’s differences arise principally from the use of various accelerated and modified accelerated cost recovery system lives for income tax purposes
versus straight line depreciation used for book purposes and from the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the amounts by which the Company’s future income taxes are expected to be impacted by these differences as they reverse. Deferred tax
assets  are  based  on  differences  that  are  expected  to  decrease  future  income  taxes  as  they  reverse.  Correspondingly,  deferred  tax  liabilities  are  based  on  differences  that  are
expected to increase future income taxes as they reverse. Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements discusses the amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and also
presents the impact of significant differences between financial reporting income and taxable income.

26

For  income  tax  purposes,  the  Company  uses  the  percentage  of  completion  method  of  recognizing  revenues  on  long-term  contracts  which  is  consistent  with  the  Company’s
financial reporting under U.S. GAAP.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets consist principally of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (i.e. goodwill), customer relationships, non-compete agreements
and licenses. Goodwill was allocated to our reporting units based on the original purchase price allocation. Goodwill is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually
or more often if circumstances indicate impairment may exist. Customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents and licenses are being amortized on a straight-line basis
over periods of 2 to 15 years. The Company amortizes its limited lived goodwill and intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. We
periodically evaluate the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets and carefully consider events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that
indicate that impairment exists.

Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test used to identify potential impairment compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair
value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the second step
(Step 2) must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The Company will early adopt Accounting Standards Codification 2017 – 04, Simplifying the
Test for Goodwill Impairment, which permits the Company to impair the difference between carrying amount in excess of the fair value of the reporting unit as the reduction in
goodwill. ASC 2017-04 eliminates the requirement in previous GAAP to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.

At the end of each year, we evaluate goodwill on a separate reporting unit basis to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. An impairment loss
would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit compared to the fair value of the reporting unit.

Fiscal Year 2020 Consolidated Results of Operations

For the purpose of this Form 10-K, 2020 FY means the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 FY means the fiscal year ended October 31,2019.

Our consolidated financial results in the 2020 FY were down compared to the 2019 FY. This is due to the ongoing impact of the Pandemic. This has resulted in material business
interruptions extending to both our Products and Services operations. This has, amongst other things, resulted in increased project costs related to the cost of our Pandemic
response, project delays, a substantial reduction in order in-take and demand for our products and services due to our customers largely being in the same situation.

During  2020  FY,  the  Marine  Technology  Business  generated  56%  of  our  consolidated  revenues  compared  to  52%  in  the  previous  fiscal  year  and  the  Marine  Engineering
Business generated 44% compared to 48% in the previous fiscal year.

Overall, consolidated revenues in the 2020 FY were down over the 2019 FY by 20%; Gross Profit marginally fell from 65.5% to 63.5%; Total Operating Expenses were down
by 2.5%; Income from Operations was down by 55.2%; Net Income before Taxes was down by 45.4%. There were no material exceptional costs. A new financial event which

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
occurred in Fiscal Year 2020 is that in the UK, we had payroll grants from the UK Government under its Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme Program (“CJRS” of $257,844 as
contribution to UK furloughed UK employees’ salary (as part of the support package for companies during the Pandemic). This is recorded in our accounts as a reduction of
payroll (thus, SG&A expenses). In the 2020 FY our companies established in the USA received $648,871 as contribution to US employees’ salary during the Pandemic under
the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“PPP”). This amount has now been forgiven under the Program and is recorded in our accounts as “Other Income”.

In the fiscal year 2020, R&D expenditures increased by 13.8% and SG&A expenditures were down 8.6%. We believe that we have realized a large part of our goals for the
immediate development of our real time volumetric sonar technology and other products. As such, it is our expectation that the Marine Technology Business will start reducing
its R&D expenditures and now focus on its growth strategy thus redirecting resources to marketing and business development.

Diver Augmented Visualization Display (“DAVD”) Progress

In 2018, pursuant to the terms of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (“CRADA”) we collaborated in the development of the first-generation prototype Heads
Up Display (HUD) Unit for Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in conjunction with Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama Division. The first-generation prototype
DAVD was signed off under the CRADA at the end of the calendar year in 2019. This product was approved for sale to the market, including the US Navy and is on the US
Approved Navy Use (ANU) list along with certain models of our real time 3D sonar series. We also received an exclusive-license to use the face-plate invention and sell this to
the commercial market. We have now started to sell GEN 1 DAVD systems and, also in 2020 we continued the funded development of GEN 2.

Despite the business interruption caused by the Pandemic, we were able to make significant progress in developing the second generation of the DAVD. We have also started to
sell DAVD systems to NAVSEA.

DAVD Units sold in 2020 FY
DAVD R&D Funding for GEN 2 DAVD for 2020FY
recognized as revenues

  Approximately $560,000

  Approximately $1,000,000

A key pillar of our strategy is to increase the sale of our products into the Defense programs which increases funding available for the development and sale of our products.

Comparison of fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 to fiscal year ended October 31, 2019

The information provided below pertains to the Company’s consolidated financial results. For information on the performance of each Segment including the disaggregation of
revenues and geographical split, see Note 12 (“Segment Analysis”) of our audited Consolidated Financial Statements of October 31, 2020 and 2019.

27

Revenue:

$

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

20,043,810 

  $

25,056,934   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 20%

We realized a significant decrease in revenues in the 2020 FY compared to the 2019 FY. This is due to the impact of the Pandemic on our business which resulted in widespread
and persistent business interruption causing downturn in the markets that we operate resulting in lower demand for our products and services. This in turn impacted on our
revenue generation.

Products Business Revenues 2020 FY
Products Business Revenues 2019 FY
Services Business Revenues 2020 FY
Services Business Revenues 2019 FY

  $
  $
  $
  $

11,278,181 
12,908,110 
8,765,629 
12,148,824 

The Products Business revenues declined by 12.6% in the 2020 FY over the 2019 FY and the Services Business revenues declined by 27.8% over the said period. Notably, rental
revenues generated by the Products Business suffered and declined by 49.4% in the 2020 FY compared to the 2019 FY, where rental revenues were $1,361,151 and $2,688,570,
respectively.

A significant part of the revenues recognized in the 2020 FY by both the Products Business and Services Business comprise of orders received prior to the outbreak of the
Pandemic. Our order book going into 2021 is significantly weaker than previous fiscal years.

Within our 2020 FY Revenues we have $560,000 recognized for the sale of DAVD systems and approximately $1,000,000 for GEN 2 DAVD R&D developments.

During the 2020 FY, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenue from this customer was $4,273,702 or 21% of
net revenues during the 2020 FY. Total accounts receivable from this customer at October 31, 2020 was $214,747 or 11% of accounts receivable.

Gross Margin:

Year Ended October 31, 2020
63.5%
(gross profit of $12,729,448)

Year Ended October 31, 2019
65.5%
(gross profit of $16,429,319)

Percentage Change
Decrease of 2.0 percentage points

Gross Profit Margins reported in our financial results may vary according to several factors. These include:

●

●

●

●

The percentage  of  consolidated  sales  attributed  by  Marine  Technology  Business.  The  Gross  Profit  Margin  yielded  by  the  Marine  Technology  Business  is  generally
higher than that of the Services Business;
The percentage of consolidated sales attributed by the Services Business. The Services Business yields a lower gross profit margin on generated sales which are largely
based on time and materials contracts (except for its Thermite® products);
The mix of sales within the Marine Technology Business including:

● Outright Sale versus Rentals;
● Hardware Sale versus Software;
● Mix of Services rendered in the period – Offshore Engineering Services versus Paid Customer Research and Development Projects;

The mix of engineering projects performed (Design prototyping versus manufacturing), may also affect Gross Profit Margins;
Level of commissions we may give on products due to volume purchase by customer and commissions on sales (both the Services and Marine Technology Businesses
work with sales agents).

In the 2020 FY Gross Profit Margins for the Products Operation were 80.0% compared to 80.5% in the 2019 FY. For the Services Operation these were 42.3% in the 2020 FY
compared to 49.7% in the 2019 FY. Since there are more variable factors affecting Gross Profit Margins in the Products Business, a table showing a summary break-out of sales
generated by the Products Business in the 2020 FY compared to the 2019 FY is set out below:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Total Net Sales

2020 FY 
Products

2019 FY 
Products

Percentage Change  

$

$

$

7,183,580   
1,361,151   
453,638   
2,279,812   

6,930,914   
2,688,570   
604,491   
2,684,135   

11,278,181   

$

12,908,110   

3.3%
(49.4)%
(24.9)%
(15.1)%

(12.6)%

The significant reduction in our rental revenues is due to lower demand caused by the coronavirus Pandemic as customers are pursuing only essential projects. Most customers
are still operating essential travel only policy (restricting therefore the number of projects that can be executed). Furthermore, the increase in outright sales means that there is an
increase in commission payable which affects our margins. In the mix of our products sales for 2020 FY we have new products which are now being sold, namely, DAVD HUD
and Echoscope® C500 companion systems which are sold to the US Navy. Margins on the DAVD HUD and C500 companion systems are less than our margins yielded on our
other products since this pricing of the DAVD HUD takes account of volume versus margins. In the event that we are successful with this product (i.e. it is reliable and delivers
the functionality required for diving operations), we believe this could be a volume sale product.

For more detailed information on the composition and disaggregation of our revenues, please refer to Note 12 of our audited Consolidated Financial Statements of October 31,
2020 and 2019 (“Segment Analysis” section).

Research and Development (R&D):

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

3,188,389 

  $

2,801,331   

Percentage Change
Increase of 13.8%

We continue to invest in research and development to further our business goals including maintaining our lead in volumetric imaging sonar sector (Products Segment) and
becoming an embedded supplier of mission computers through re-engineering our Thermite® (now Thermite® Octal) via our Services Segment and launching derivatives of
the  newly  designed  Thermite®  Octal.  The  key  unique  selling  point  for  the  Thermite®  range  is  that  we  can  customize  these  for  specific  customer  requirements.  Competing
companies sell standard off the shelf mission computers and, in general, do not offer customize solutions. This is the business opportunity for our Thermite technology.

In the 2020 FY this category of expenditure increased by 13.8%. The increase was largely incurred in the Marine Engineering Business.

In 2020 FY the Products Business continued to develop the range of its product offerings including its volumetric real time imaging sonar series, the new inertial navigation and
positioning  system  (its  new  F280®  series),  its  new  sonar  software  platform.  The  Products  Business  has  now  crystallized  many  of  these  developments  and  as  such  R&D
expenditures in the Products Operations were down by 11.5% in 2020 FY compared to the 2019 FY.

The Services Operations continued to invest in Thermite® Octal with the goal of providing customizable Thermite® Octal solutions for embedding into a broader range of
customer programs and solutions and as such R&D expenditures increased by 613.5% in the 2020 FY for this segment compared to 2019 FY.

Changes in this category by Segment are set out immediately below:

Description
Marine Technology Business (Products Segment) 2020FY
Marine Technology Business (Products Segment) 2019FY
Marine Engineering Business (Services Segment) 2020 FY
Marine Engineering Business (Services Segment) 2019 FY
Coda Octopus Group, Inc. 2020 FY (representing the Head Up Display Costs)
Coda Octopus Group, Inc. 2019 FY

Amount

% increase /
(decrease)

$
$
$
$
$
$

1,955,364   
2,208,749   
1,042,243   
146,061   
190,782   
446,521   

(11.47)%

613.57%

(57.27%)

We  believe  that  we  are  at  the  point  where  we  can  now  manage  down  R&D  expenditures  as  we  have  achieved  a  number  of  significant  development  milestones  which  have
required significant expenditures. We will continue to innovate but we believe our 2021 focus, subject to the Pandemic being under control, will be in the area of developing the
market for our newly innovated and launched products (such as our 5D/6D sonar series, our F280® and our new 4G USE® software), thus redirecting a significant part of our
financial resources into sales and marketing.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A):

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

6,737,294 

  $

7,374,551   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 8.6%

Overall, SG&A in the 2020 FY reduced by 8.6% over the 2019 FY due to certain government relief grants relating to the coronavirus Pandemic coupled with reduction in
expenditures in this area. Further discussions on SG&A are set out immediately below:

Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Group for the year ended October 31, 2020 compared to the year ended October 31, 2019

Expenditure

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

Percentage Change

Wages and Salaries
Legal and Professional Fees (including accounting, audit and investment
banking services)
Rent for our various locations
Marketing

  $

  $
  $
  $

3,194,061 

  $

1,004,340 
55.581 
92,296 

  $
  $
  $

3,048,783    Increase of 4.77%

1,046,005    Decrease of 3.98%
85,303    Decrease of 34.84%
173,810   

Decrease of 46.90%

We incurred a material increase in the category of Wages and Salaries expenditures. In 2020 FY under the UK Government CJRS we had grants for UK employees retained
during the Pandemic period of $257,844. Without this contribution under the CJRS this category of expenditures would be $3,451,905 thus representing an increase of 13.2%
over the 2019 FY. Additionally, wages and salaries for employees increased to reflect material annual revisions (committed prior to the Pandemic), increase in costs of attracting
new  software  development  resources  (for  which  we  are  experiencing  severe  competition);  increase  in  Employers’  Pension  Contribution  (UK)  and  US  401K  plan  totaling
$124,622 account for the increase in this category of expenditures.

In the 2020 FY expenditures relating to the category of “Rent” reduced by 34.84% compared to FY 2019 as most premises which we now use for our business operations are
owned by the Company with the exception of premises used in Denmark and other small storage facilities that we use.

 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
In 2020 FY expenditures relating to the category of “Marketing” reduced by 46.90% due to reduction in travel and trade show costs as a result of the coronavirus Pandemic
which restricted movement. We also suffered losses resulting from non-cancellation fees of approximately $40,000, again due to events being cancelled.

In the 2020 FY we had expenses of $610,780 for stock based compensation (a non-cash item) as compared to $650,409 in the corresponding 2019 FY.

28

Operating Income:

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

2,803,765 

  $

6,253,437   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 55.2%

Operating Income in the 2020 FY compared to the 2019 FY was significantly down due to the impact of the coronavirus on our operations which have been curtailed due to
Government restrictions in the countries we operate, reduction in demand for our products resulting from this and increased expenditures relating to our Pandemic response and
general increase in costs of our projects due the Pandemic.

Interest Expense:

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

70,203 

  $

91,096   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 22.9%

The reduction in Interest Expense is a reflection of the reduction in the principal amount outstanding under our Senior Secured Debenture with HSBC NA.

Other Income:

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

668,245 

  $

70,212   

Percentage Change
Increase of 851.8%

In 2020 FY, we received $648,871 under the Paycheck Protection Program scheme (“PPP”) which the US Administration made available as part of the Pandemic response
package  for  companies. All  the  PPP  amounts  received  have  been  utilized  in  accordance  with  the  purpose  and  objective  of  the  program  and  these  amounts  have  now  been
forgiven under the Program.

Additionally, the composition of this category includes UK Value Added Tax rebates from purchases made outside of the European Union by our UK operations and is subject
to fluctuations based upon the amount of those purchases.

Net Income before Income taxes for the year ended October 31, 2020 compared to the year ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

3,401,807 

  $

6,232,553   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 45.5%

In the 2020 FY, Net Income before taxes was down by 45.5% due to the significant reduction in revenues (by 20% over the previous 2019 FY) which was compounded by
“Total Operating Expense’s remaining broadly the same as 2019 FY (a slight reduction of 2.5% in 2020 FY). This resulted in a material decline in Net Income before taxes of
45.5% in the 2020 FY as compared to the 2019 FY.

Net Income after Income taxes for the year ended October 31, 2020 compared to the year ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

3,343,585 

  $

5,225,199   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 36.0%

In the 2020 FY Net Income after Income taxes declined by 36.0% due to the reasons explained in the preceding paragraphs.

Comprehensive Income for the year ended October 31, 2020 compared to the year ended October 31, 2019

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Year Ended October 31, 2019

$

3,157,715 

  $

5,318,454   

Percentage Change
Decrease of 40.6%

We conduct a large part of our business in various foreign currencies, for example, the British pound, Danish Kroner, Euros and Australian Dollars.

This category is affected by foreign currency adjustments during the reporting period. In the 2020 FY we had a loss of $185,870 compared to a gain of $93,255 in the 2019 FY.
There are generally significant foreign currency fluctuations, particularly between the US dollar (our reporting currency) and the British Pound. Since the UK decided to leave
the European Union the British Pound has been falling significantly against the US dollar (see Note 2, paragraph n of Notes to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements
for October 31, 2020 and 2019 for fuller information regarding our Foreign Currency Translation policy). See also Item 7 (Management Discussions and Analysis of Financial
Conditions and Results of Operations), where we discuss “Currency Risks”.

Segment Analysis

We are operating in two reportable segments, which are managed separately based upon fundamental differences in their operations. Segment operating income is total segment
revenue reduced by operating expenses identifiable with the business segment. Overhead includes general corporate administrative costs.

29

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon operating income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described
in the summary of accounting policies.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There are inter-segment sales in the table below which have been eliminated from our financial statements. However, for the purpose of segment reporting, these inter-segment
sales are included in the table below only.

The following tables summarize certain balance sheet and statement of operations information by reportable segment for the financial years ending October 31, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.

Coda Octopus Martech and Coda Octopus Colmek (“Services Segment” or “Marine Engineering Business”) are providing engineering services as sub-contractors mainly to
prime defense contractors and Coda Octopus Products operations are comprised primarily of product sales, technology solutions sales, rental of equipment and/or software and
associated services (“Products Segment” or “Marine Technology Business”).

The Company’s reportable business segments sell their goods and services in four geographic locations:

● Americas

●

Europe

● Australia/Asia

● Middle East/Africa

Year Ended October 31, 2020

30

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Revenues from External Customers

$

11,278,181 

$

8,765,629   

$

-   

$

20,043,810 

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)
Other Income
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program
Interest (Expense)

Total Other Income (Expense)

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
Current Tax Benefit (Expense)
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit

Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

Net Income (Loss)

Supplemental Disclosures

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales
above

Depreciation and Amortization

Purchases of Long-lived Assets

2,254,008 

9,024,173 

1,955,364 
2,779,662 

4,735,026 

4,289,147 

19,184 
122,327  
(10,612)  

130,899 

4,420,046 

63,590 
(196,664)  

5,060,354   

3,705,275   

1,042,243   
2,260,849   

-   

-   

190,782   
1,696,783   

3,303,092   

1,887,565   

402,183   

(1,887,565)  

190   
526,544    
(15,672)  

511,062   

-   
-   
(43,919)  

(43,919)  

7,314,362 

12,729,448 

3,188,389 
6,737,294 

9,925,683 

2,803,765 

19,374 
648,871  
(70,203)

598,042 

913,245   

(1,931,484)  

3,401,807 

-   
273,666   

(12,927)  
(185,887)  

50,663 
(108,885)

(133,074)  

273,666   

(198,814)  

(58,222)

$

$

$

$

$

$

4,286,972 

22,200,123 

1,572,314 

997,150 

678,449 

811,352 

31

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,186,911   

$

(2,130,298)  

$

3,343,585 

14,347,827   

1,321,011   

354,373   

105,775   

19,660   

$

$

$

$

$

1,491,201   

749,558   

2,700,000   

22,462   

167,323   

$

$

$

$

$

38,039,151 

3,642,883 

4,051,523 

806,686 

998,335 

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Year Ended October 31, 2019

Revenues from External Customers

$

12,908,110 

$

12,148,824   

$

-   

$

25,056,934 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)
Other Income
Interest Expense

Total Other Income (Expense)

2,519,768 

10,388,342 

2,208,749 
3,080,134 

5,288,883 

5,099,459 

70,186 
(10,564)  

59,622 

6,107,847   

6,040,977   

146,061   
2,492,410   

-   

-   

446,521   
1,802,007   

8,627,615 

16,429,319 

2,801,331 
7,374,551 

2,638,471   

2,248,528   

10,175,882 

3,402,506   

(2,248,528)  

6,253,437 

26   
(14,820)  

(14,794)  

-   
(65,712)  

(65,712)  

70,212 
(91,096)

(20,884)

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

5,159,081 

3,387,712   

(2,314,240)  

6,232,553 

Current Tax Benefit
Deferred Tax (Expense)

Total Income Tax Expense

Net Income (Loss)

Supplemental Disclosures

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales
above

Depreciation and Amortization

Purchases of Long-lived Assets

Liquidity and Capital Resources

(9,391)  
(336,101)  

(345,492)  

4,813,589 

19,386,652 

1,753,823 

1,590,548 

581,942 

2,183,009 

32

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

33,454   
(496,318)  

(462,864)  

15,359   
(214,357)  

39,422 
(1,046,776)

(198,998)  

(1,007,354)

2,924,848   

$

(2,513,238)  

$

5,225,199 

14,165,120   

962,641   

145,150   

236,092   

81,446   

$

$

$

$

$

959,472   

1,167,007   

2,700,000   

15,741   

37,180   

$

$

$

$

$

34,511,244 

3,883,471 

4,435,698 

833,775 

2,301,635 

At  October  31,  2020,  the  Company  had  an  accumulated  deficit  of  $23,425,622,  working  capital  of  $24,301,375  and  stockholders’  equity  of  $34,396,268.  For  the  year  then
ended, the Company generated cash flow from operations of $4,434,406.

We believe that our current level of cash and cash generation will be sufficient to meet our short and medium-term liquidity needs. At October 31, 2020, we had cash on hand of
approximately $15.1 million and both billed and unbilled receivables of approximately $2.9 million. Our current cash balance represents approximately 26 months of Selling,
General and Administrative Expenses. The Company continues to critically evaluate the level of expenses that we incur and reduce those expenses as appropriate.

We also have access to a revolving line of credit of $4 million from HSBC NA. This line of credit is available to the Company for short-term working capital purpose. All
amounts under the Revolving Line of Credit are payable at the end of each financial year. The facility was renewed for another year and extends to November 2021. To date, the
Company has not borrowed any funds under this credit line.

Our  main  liquidity  issues  are  forward  buying  components  and  inventory  for  our  products  which  encompass  specialized  electronics,  funding  our  research  and  development
program  (“R&D”)  which  requires  significant  expenditures  in  attracting  engineering  skills  and  incurring  non-recoverable  costs  for  researching,  developing  and  prototyping
products and managing our currency exposure.

Operating Activities

Net cash generated from operating activities for the year ended October 31, 2020 was $4,434,406. We recorded net income for the period of $3,343,585. Other items in uses and
sources  of  funds  from  operations  included  non-cash  charges  related  to  depreciation  and  amortization,  deferred  tax  asset  and  stock-based  compensation,  which  collectively
totaled $1,487,248. Funding from the Paycheck Protection Program was recognized as income and reduced cash from operating activities by $648,871. Changes in operating
assets increased net cash from operating activities by $6,566 and changes in current liabilities increased net cash from operating activities by $245,878.

33

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended October 31, 2020 was $998,335.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided in financing activities for the year ended October 31, 2020 was $162,405 as a result of paying down the debt of the Company and receiving funding from the
Paycheck Protection Program.

Secured Promissory Note

On April 28, 2017, Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (the “Company”) together with its wholly owned US subsidiaries, Coda Octopus Products, Inc. and Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(together, the “Subsidiaries”), entered into a loan agreement with HSBC Bank NA (the “Lender”) for a loan in the principal amount of $8,000,000 (the “Loan”). The annual
interest rate is fixed at 4.56%.

The obligations in connection with the repayment of the Loan are secured by all assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries. In addition, the repayment of the Loan is guaranteed
by three of the Company’s overseas subsidiaries.

In March 2018, the Company repaid a significant portion of the outstanding HSBC Debenture. As of October 31, 2020, we had $573,108 outstanding under this Debenture. We
anticipate that in accordance with our current repayment schedule the remaining balance will be repaid by the end of the Financial Year 2021.

Foreign Currency

The  Company  maintains  its  books  in  local  currency:  US  Dollars  for  its  US  operations,  British  Pounds  for  its  United  Kingdom  operations,  Danish  Kroner  for  its  Danish
operations and Australian Dollars for its Australian operations.

For the 2020 FY, 44% of the Company’s operations were conducted inside the United States and 56% outside the United States through its wholly owned subsidiaries. As a
result,  currency  fluctuations  may  significantly  affect  the  Company’s  sales,  profitability,  balance  sheet  valuations  and  financial  position  when  the  foreign  currencies  of  its
international  operations  are  translated  into  U.S.  dollars  for  financial  reporting  purposes.  In  addition,  we  are  also  subject  to  currency  fluctuation  risks  with  respect  to  certain
foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. Although the Company cannot predict the extent to which currency fluctuations may affect the Company’s business
and financial position, there is a risk that such fluctuations will have an adverse impact on the Company’s sales, profits, balance sheet valuations and financial position. Because
differing portions of our revenues and costs are denominated in foreign currency, movements in those currencies could impact our margins by, for example, decreasing our
foreign revenues when the dollar strengthens and not correspondingly decreasing our expenses. The Company does not currently hedge its currency exposure. In the future, we
may engage in hedging transactions to mitigate foreign exchange risk.

34

The translation of the Company’s UK operations’ British Pound denominated balance sheets and results of operations into US dollars was affected by changes in the average
value of the US dollar against the British Pound. The average exchange rate during the 2020 FY was $1.2897 USD to the GBP against $1.275 USD to the GBP during the 2019
period – an increase of the value of the GBP against the USD of 1.2%.

The translation of the Company’s Australian operations’ Australian Dollar denominated balance sheets and results of operations into US dollars was affected by changes in the
average value of the US dollar against the Australian Dollar. The average exchange rate during the 2020 FY was $0.6830 against $0.7007 USD to the AUD during the 2019
period – a decline of the value of the AUD against the USD of 2.5%.

The  translation  of  the  Company’s  Danish  operations’  Danish  Kroner  denominated  balance  sheets  and  results  of  operations  into  US  dollars  was  affected  by  changes  in  the
average value of the US dollar against the Danish Krone. The average exchange rate during the 2020 FY was $0.1517 against $0.1505 USD to the DKK during the 2019 period
– an increase of the value of the DKK against the USD of 0.8%.

These are the values that have been used in the calculations below.

The impact of these currency fluctuations on the 2020 FY is shown below:

Revenues
Costs
Net profit (losses)
Assets
Liabilities
Net assets

British Pounds

Actual
Results
10,056,033 
3,868,545 
6,187,488 
18,257,597 
(1,800,549)  
16,457,048 

Constant
Rates
9,938,260 
3,823,238 
6,135,022 
17,910,603 
(1,766,326)  
16,144,275 

Australian Dollar

Actual
Results

  Constant

Rates

Danish Kroner

Actual
Results

  Constant

Rates

230,565 
9,456 
221,109 
968,808 
16 
968,824 

236,534 
9,701 
226,833 
997,170 
16 
997,186 

- 
- 
- 
24,243 
3,335 
27,578 

- 
- 
- 
24,421 
3,359 
27,780 

Actual
Results
10,286,598 
3,878,001 
6,408,597 
19,250,648 
(1,797,198)  
17,453,450 

US Dollar
Constant
Rates
10,174,794 
3,832,939 
6,341,855 
18,932,194 
(1,762,953)  
17,169,241 

Total
Effect

111,804 
45,062 
66,742 
318,454 
(34,245)
284,209 

This table shows that the effect of constant exchange rates, versus the actual exchange rate fluctuations, increased net income for the year by $66,742 and increased net assets
by $318,454. These amounts are material to our overall financial results.

Since the UK voted to leave the European Union membership in 2016 until recently, the UK’s future trade relationship with the European Union was uncertain. This uncertainty
gave rise to significant volatility of the UK Pound against major currencies including the US Dollar causing us to suffer losses due to currency fluctuations. With the future
relationship now determined, it is anticipated that the fluctuations between the British Pound and other major currencies including the US Dollar will not be as extreme and we
anticipate that losses suffered due to this is likely to reduce.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

The effect of inflation on the Company’s operating results was not significant during the 2020 period.

35

 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Reference is made to the Index of Financial statements following Part III of this Report for a listing of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure
that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal
executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The  Company’s  management,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  (and  principal  accounting)
Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-
15(e)  of  the  Exchange Act)  as  of  October  31,  2020.  Based  upon  that  evaluation  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  concluded  that  the  Company’s
disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  by,  or  under  the  supervision  of,  a  public  company’s  principal  executive  and  principal  financial
officers,  or  persons  performing  similar  functions,  and  effected  by  the  board  of  directors,  management  and  other  personnel,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”)
including those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of
the assets of the company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with US
GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company, and (iii) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive
Officer  and  Group  Financial  Officer,  has  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  October  31,  2020.  In  making  this  assessment,  our
management  used  the  criteria  established  in Internal  Control—Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission
(COSO 2013 Framework). Based on its assessment, our management believes that, as of October 31, 2020 our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on
those criteria.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to
provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the year ended October 31, 2020, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the
Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 ITEM 9B. Other Information

Not Applicable

36

 PART III

 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors and Executive Officers

The following persons are the executive officers and directors as of the date hereof:

Name
Annmarie Gayle
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham
Michael Hamilton
Captain Charlie Plumb
Mary Losty
Tyler G. Runnels

Age
55
68
51
73
78
60
64

  Position
  Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
  Chief Financial Officer, Chief Executive Officer of Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc.

President of Technology

  Director
  Director
  Director
  Director

Annmarie  Gayle  has  been  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  since  2011  and  our  Chairman  since  March  2017.  She  is  also  our  Chief
Executive Officer for our flagship products business, Coda Octopus Products, Limited (UK) since 2013. Prior thereto, she spent two years assisting with the restructuring of
our  Company.  She  previously  served  with  the  Company  as  Senior  Vice  President  of  Legal Affairs  between  2006  and  2007.  Earlier  in  her  career  she  worked  for  a  leading
London law practice specializing in Intellectual Property Rights, the United Nations and the European Union. Ms. Gayle has a strong background in restructuring and has spent
more than 12 years in a number of countries where she has been the lead adviser to a number of transitional administrations on privatizing banks and reforming state-owned
assets  in  the  Central  Eastern  European  countries  including  banking,  infrastructure,  mining  and  telecommunications  assets.  Ms.  Gayle  has  also  managed  a  number  of  large
European  Union  funded  projects.  Ms.  Gayle  holds  a  Law  degree  gained  at  the  University  of  London  and  a  Masters  of  Law  degree  in  International  Commercial  Law  from
Cambridge University and has completed her professional law exams to practice law in England & Wales. Because of her wealth of experience in corporate governance, large
scale project management, restructuring, strategy, structuring and managing corporate transactions, we believe that she is highly qualified to act as our Chief Executive Officer.

Michael Midgley has been our Chief Financial Officer since December 2017 and our acting Chief Financial Officer since 2013. He has also been Chief Executive Officer of
Colmek since 2010, which he joined in 2008. He is a qualified CPA and has had his own practice as well as working for regional accounting firms, specializing in SEC and Tax
practice areas. Mr. Midgley attended the University of Utah where he obtained a BA in Accounting. Due to Mr. Midgley’s expertise in financial reporting, we believe that he is
highly qualified to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

Blair Cunningham has been with the Company since July 2004 and has had a number of roles including President of Technology and CEO of Coda Octopus Products, Inc.
(current positions), Chief Technology Officer since 2005 and Technical Manager of Coda Octopus Products Ltd between July 2004 and July 2005. Mr. Cunningham received an
HND  in  Computer  Science  in  1989  from  Moray  College  of  Further  Education,  Elgin,  Scotland.  Because  of  Mr.  Cunningham’s  expertise  in  technology,  systems  software
development and project management, the Company believes that he is highly qualified to serve in his current roles.

Michael Hamilton  was  our  Chairman  of  the  Board  between  June  2010  and  March  2017.  He  is  currently  serving  as  an  independent  director  of  our  Board.  Since  2014,  Mr.
Hamilton has provided accounting and valuation services for a varied list of clients. He was Senior Vice President of Powerlink Transmission Company from 2011 through
2014. From 1988 to 2003, he was an audit partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from St. Frances College and is a certified public
accountant and is accredited in business valuation. Because of Mr. Hamilton’s background in auditing, strategic corporate finance solutions, financial management and financial

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
reporting, we believe that he is highly qualified to be a member of our Board of Directors.

G. Tyler Runnels was elected as a director at the 2018 annual meeting to fill a vacancy. Mr. Runnels has nearly 30 years of investment banking experience including debt and
equity financings, private placements, mergers and acquisitions, initial public offerings, bridge financings, and financial restructurings. Since 2003 Mr. Runnels has been the
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of T.R. Winston & Company, LLC, an investment bank and member of FINRA, where he began working in 1990. Mr. Runnels was an
early stage investor in our company and T.R. Winston & Company, LLC has served as our exclusive placement agent in one of our private placements raising early rounds of
capital for our company. Mr. Runnels has successfully completed and advised on numerous transactions for clients in a variety of industries, including healthcare, oil and gas,
business services, manufacturing, and technology. Mr. Runnels is also responsible for working with high net worth clients seeking to diversify their portfolios to include real
estate products through established relationships with real estate brokers, accountants, attorneys, qualified intermediaries and financial advisors. Prior to joining T.R. Winston &
Co., LLC, Mr. Runnels held the position of Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance for H.J. Meyers & Company, a regional investment bank. Mr. Runnels received a B.S.
and MBA from Pepperdine University. Mr. Runnels holds FINRA Series 7, 24, 55, 63 and 79 licenses.

37

Captain J. Charles Plumb has been a member of Coda’s Board of Directors since September 2019. Captain Plumb is a retired U.S. Navy fighter pilot. On his 75th  combat
mission, just five days before the end of his tour in Vietnam, he was shot down over Hanoi, taken prisoner and tortured. During his nearly six years as a prisoner of war, he
distinguished himself as a pro in underground communications. He was a great inspiration to all the other POWs and served as chaplain for two years. Following his repatriation,
Captain Plumb continued his Navy flying career in Reserve Squadrons where he flew A-4 Sky Hawks, A-7 Corsairs and FA-18 Hornets. His last two commands as a Naval
Reservist were on the Aircraft Carrier Corral Sea and at Fighter Air Wing in California. He retired from the United States Navy after 28 years of service. His military honors
include two Purple Hearts, the Legion of Merit, the Silver Star, the Bronze Star and the P.O.W. Medal. He has been a motivational speaker, consultant and executive coach
since  1973.  His  clients  include  General  Motors,  Fedex,  Hilton, Aflac,  the  U.S.  Navy,  BMW  and  NASA.  Since  2010,  he  has  been  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the
Lightspeed Aviation Foundation. Captain Plumb earned a B.S. in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. We selected Captain Plumb because of his
close ties to the U.S. Defense establishment.

Mary Losty has been a director since July 2017. She is a private investor in both US equities and real estate. She currently serves as Commissioner on both Dorchester County
and the City of Cambridge, Maryland’s Planning and Zoning Commissions. She also serves as a Committeeman for the Eastern Shore Land Conservancy as well as the Pine
Street Committee of Cambridge, MD. She served as a member of the Board of Procera Networks, Inc. from March 2007 until that company was successfully sold in June 2015
to a private equity firm. She was a member of that company’s Audit Committee and the former Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee. Ms. Losty was a
director  of  Blue  Earth,  Inc.  (formerly  Genesis  Fluid  Solutions  Holdings,  Inc.)  from  2009  to  2011.  Ms.  Losty  retired  in  2010  as  the  General  Partner  at  Cornwall  Asset
Management, LLC, a portfolio management firm located in Baltimore, Maryland, where she was responsible for the firm’s investment in numerous companies since 1998. Ms.
Losty’s prior experience includes working as a portfolio manager at Duggan & Associates from 1992 to 1998 and as an equity research analyst at M. Kimelman & Company
from  1990  to  1992.  Prior  to  that,  she  worked  as  an  investment  banker  at  Morgan  Stanley  and  Co.,  and  for  several  years  prior  to  that  she  was  the  top  aide  to  James  R.
Schlesinger, a five-time U.S. cabinet secretary. Ms. Losty received both her BS and JD from Georgetown University, the latter with magna cum laude distinction. We believe
that Ms. Losty’s extensive dealings with the investment community makes her highly qualified to be a member of our Board of Directors.

Family Relationships

Other than Tyler Runnels and Charlie Plumb who are brothers in law, none of our Directors are related by blood, marriage, or adoption to any other Director, executive officer,
or other key employees.

38

Board Leadership Structure

The Board of Directors is currently chaired by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Annmarie Gayle. The Company believes that combining the positions of Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors helps to ensure that the Board of Directors and management act with a common purpose. Integrating the positions of
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman can provide a clear chain of command to execute the Company’s strategic initiatives. The Company also believes that it is advantageous
to have a Chairman with an extensive history with, and knowledge of, the Company. Notwithstanding the combined role of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, key strategic
initiatives and decisions involving the Company are discussed and approved by the entire Board of Directors. The Company believes that the current leadership structure and
processes maintains an effective oversight of management and independence of the Board of Directors as a whole without separate designation of a lead independent director.
However, the Board of Directors will continue to monitor its functioning and will consider appropriate changes to ensure the effective independent function of the Board of
Directors in its oversight responsibilities.

Independence of the Board of Directors and its Committees

After  review  of  all  relevant  transactions  or  relationships  between  each  director,  or  any  of  his  or  her  family  members,  and  the  Company,  its  senior  management  and  its
Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting  Firm,  the  Board  of  Directors  has  determined  that  all  of  the  Company’s  directors  are  independent  within  the  meaning  of  the
applicable  NASDAQ  listing  standards,  except  Ms.  Gayle,  the  Company’s  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  Officer.  The  Board  of  Directors  met  five  (5)  times  and  acted  by
unanimous written consent four times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020. Each member of the Board of Directors attended all meetings of the Board of Directors
held in the last fiscal year during the period for which he or she was a director and of the meetings of the committees on which he or she served in the last fiscal year during the
period for which he or she was a committee member.

The Board of Directors has three committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee. Below is a description of each committee of
the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of each committee meets the applicable rules and regulations regarding “independence” and
that each member is free of any relationship that would interfere with his or her individual exercise of independent judgment with regard to the Company.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting process. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs
several functions. The Audit Committee, among other things: evaluates the performance, and assesses the qualifications, of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm;
determines and pre-approves the engagement of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to perform all proposed audit, review and attest services; reviews and pre-
approves the retention of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to perform any proposed, permissible non-audit services; determines whether to retain or terminate
the existing Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm or to appoint and engage a new independent registered Public Accounting Firm for the ensuing year; confers with
management and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm regarding the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; establishes procedures as required
under applicable law, for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and
the confidential and anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; reviews the financial statements to be included in
the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Company’s periodic quarterly filings on Form 10-Q, recommends whether or not such financial statements should be so
included;  and  discusses  with  management  and  the  Independent  Registered  Public Accounting  Firm  the  results  of  the  annual  audit  and  review  of  the  Company’s  quarterly
financial statements.

The Audit Committee is currently composed of three outside directors: Michael Hamilton (Chairman), Mary Losty and Captain J. Charles Plumb. The Audit Committee met

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
four (4) times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020. The Audit Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, www.codaoctopusgroup.com.

39

The Board of Directors periodically reviews the NASDAQ listing standards’ definition of independence for Audit Committee members and has determined that all members of
the Company’s Audit Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) of the NASDAQ listing standards and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the
Securities  Exchange  Act,  as  amended).  The  Board  of  Directors  has  determined  that  Michael  Hamilton  qualifies  as  an  “audit  committee  financial  expert,”  as  defined  in
applicable SEC rules. The Board of Directors made a qualitative assessment of Mr. Hamilton’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including his
formal education and his service in executive capacities having financial oversight responsibilities.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors reviews, modifies and approves the overall compensation strategy and policies for the Company. The Compensation
Committee,  among  other  things,  reviews  and  approves  corporate  performance  goals  and  objectives  relevant  to  the  compensation  of  the  Company’s  officers;  determines  and
approves  the  compensation  and  other  terms  of  employment  of  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer;  determines  and  approves  the  compensation  and  other  terms  of
employment of the other officers of the Company; and administers the Company’s stock option and purchase plans, pension and profit sharing plans and other similar programs.

The  Compensation  Committee  is  composed  of  three  outside  directors:  Chairman  Captain  J.  Charles  Plumb,  Mary  Losty  and  G.  Tyler  Runnels.  All  members  of  the
Compensation Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards). The Compensation Committee met three
times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020. The Compensation Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website at: www.codaoctopusgroup.com.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

No  member  of  our  compensation  committee  has  at  any  time  been  an  employee  of  ours.  None  of  our  executive  officers  serves  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  or
compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee.

Nominating Committee

The  Nominating  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors  is  responsible  for,  among  other  things,  identifying,  reviewing  and  evaluating  candidates  to  serve  as  directors  of  the
Company; reviewing, evaluating and considering incumbent directors; recommending to the Board of Directors for selection candidates for election to the Board of Directors;
making  recommendations  to  the  Board  of  Directors  regarding  the  membership  of  the  committees  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  assessing  the  performance  of  the  Board  of
Directors.

The  Nominating  and  Governance  Committee  is  currently  composed  of  three  outside  directors:  Mary  Losty  (Chair),  G.  Tyler  Runnels  and  Captain  J.  Charles  Plumb. All
members  of  the  Nominating  Committee  are  independent  (as  independence  is  currently  defined  in  Rule  5605(a)(2)  of  the  NASDAQ  listing  standards).  The  Nominating
Committee  met  one  time  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  October  31,  2020.  The  Nominating  Committee  Charter  is  available  on  the  Company’s  website  at
www.codaoctopusgroup.com.

The Nominating Committee has not established any specific minimum qualifications that must be met for recommendation for a position on the Board of Directors. Instead, in
considering  candidates  for  director  the  Nominating  Committee  will  generally  consider  all  relevant  factors,  including  among  others  the  candidate’s  applicable  education,
expertise and demonstrated excellence in his or her field, the usefulness of the expertise to the Company, the availability of the candidate to devote sufficient time and attention
to the affairs of the Company, the candidate’s reputation for personal integrity and ethics and the candidate’s ability to exercise sound business judgment. Other relevant factors,
including diversity, experience and skills, will also be considered. Candidates for director are reviewed in the context of the existing membership of the Board of Directors
(including the qualities and skills of the existing directors), the operating requirements of the Company and the long-term interests of its stockholders.

40

The Nominating Committee considers each director’s executive experience and his or her familiarity and experience with the various operational, scientific and/or financial
aspects of managing companies in our industry.

With respect to diversity, the Nominating Committee seeks a diverse group of individuals who have executive leadership experience and a complementary mix of backgrounds
and skills necessary to provide meaningful oversight of the Company’s activities. The Company meets the proposed NASDAQ standards for diversity on the board of directors.
The  Nominating  Committee  annually  reviews  the  Board’s  composition  in  light  of  the  Company’s  changing  requirements.  The  Nominating  Committee  uses  the  Board  of
Director’s  network  of  contacts  when  compiling  a  list  of  potential  director  candidates  and  may  also  engage  outside  consultants.  Pursuant  to  its  charter,  the  Nominating
Committee  will  consider,  but  not  necessarily  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Directors,  potential  director  candidates  recommended  by  stockholders.  All  potential  director
candidates are evaluated based on the factors set forth above, and the Nominating Committee has established no special procedure for the consideration of director candidates
recommended by stockholders.

Employment Agreements

Annmarie Gayle

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated March 16, 2017, the Company employs Ms. Gayle as its Chief Executive Officer on a full-time basis and a member of
its Board of Directors. Effective July 1, 2019, Ms. Gayle’s annual salary was revised from $230,000 to $305,000. She is also entitled to an annual performance bonus of up to
$100,000, upon achieving certain targets that are to be defined on an annual basis. The agreement provides for 30 days of paid vacation in addition to public holidays observed
in Denmark.

The agreement has no definitive term and may be terminated upon twelve months’ prior written notice by Ms. Gayle. In the event that the Company terminates her at any time
without  cause,  she  is  entitled  to  a  payment  equal  to  her  annual  salary  as  well  as  a  separation  bonus  of  $150,000.  The  Company  may  terminate  the  agreement  for  cause,
immediately  and  without  notice. Among  others,  “for  cause”  includes  gross  misconduct,  a  serious  or  repeated  breach  of  the  agreement  and  negligence  and  incompetence  as
reasonably determined by the Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

Blair Cunningham

Under the terms of an employment contract dated January 1, 2013, our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus Products, Inc. employs Blair Cunningham as its Chief Executive
Officer and President of Technology. He is being paid an annual base salary of $200,000 with effect from January 1, 2020, subject to review by the Company’s Chief Executive
Officer. Mr. Cunningham is entitled to 25 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The agreement may be terminated only upon twelve-month prior written notice without cause. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, immediately and without
notice. Among others, “for cause” includes gross misconduct, a serious or repeated breach of the agreement and negligence and incompetence as reasonably determined by the
Company’s Board. The agreement includes an 18-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Midgley

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated June 1, 2011, Mike Midgley was appointed the Chief Executive Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus
Colmek, Inc and our Chief Financial Officer. He is being paid an annual salary of $210,000 with effect from January 1, 2020 subject to an annual review by Colmek’s Board of
Directors and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Midgley is entitled to 20 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The  agreement  may  be  terminated  at  any  time  upon  4  months  prior  written  notice.  The  Company  may  terminate  the  agreement  for  cause,  immediately  and  without  notice.
Among  others,  “for  cause”  includes  gross  misconduct,  a  serious  or  repeated  breach  of  the  agreement  and  negligence  and  incompetence  as  reasonably  determined  by  the
Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision. On December 6, 2017, the board of directors of the Company appointed
Mr. Midgley to be the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. In connection with this appointment, all rights and obligations under Mr. Midgley’s employment agreement with
Colmek were transferred to and have been assumed by the Company.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics for all our employees, including our chief executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, and/or
persons performing similar functions, which is available on our website, under the link entitled “Code of Ethics”.

41

 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The  Summary  Compensation  Table  shows  certain  compensation  information  for  services  rendered  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  October  31,  2020  and  2019  by  our  executive
officers.  The  following  information  includes  the  dollar  value  of  base  salaries,  bonus  awards,  stock  options  grants  and  certain  other  compensation,  if  any,  whether  paid  or
deferred.

Name and Principal
Position

Annmarie Gayle**
Chief Executive Officer

Michael Midgley
Chief Financial Officer

Blair Cunningham
President of Technology

Salary
($)

Bonus
($)

Restricted
Stock
Awards
($)

Option
Awards
($)

* All Other
Compensation    
($)

Total
($)

  ***271,115   
255,003   

208,077   
200,000   

195,192   
179,000   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

221,000   
-0-   

221,000   
-0-   

165,750   
-0-   

-0-   
-0-   

15,988   
7,479   

19,257   
18,952   

492,115 
255,003 

445,065 
207,579 

380,199 
197,952 

Year

2020
2019

2020
2019

2020
2019

*The amounts described in the category of “All Other Compensation” comprise Health, Dental, Vision, Short Term Disability, Long Term Disability and Accidental Death and
Dismemberment insurance premiums which the Company contributed to the officers’ identified plan.

**Ms. Gayle’s salary was increased effective July 1, 2019.

*** Ms. Gayle’s annual salary is $305,000. During the Pandemic she waived certain amounts of her salary as is disclosed on Form 8-K filed with the SEC in 2020.

Grants of plan-based awards at October 31, 2020

Name

Grant Date

Annmarie Gayle
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham

3/23/2020 
3/23/2020 
3/23/2020 

Outstanding option awards at October 31, 2020

All other 
option 
awards;
number of 
securities 
underlying 
options

100,000   
100,000   
75,000   

Option Awards

Number of
securities 
underlying
unexercised 
options 
exercisable

Number of 
securities 
underlying unexercised 
options
unexercisable

100,000 
100,000 
75,000 

               -   
-   
-   

Name

Annmarie Gayle
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham

Option exercises for October 31, 2020

Name

Exercise 
or base 
price of 
option 
swards

Exercise
or base 
price of 
option 
swards

4.62   
4.62   
4.62   

4.62   
4.62   
4.62   

Grant date 
fair value 
of option 
awards

221,000 
221,000 
165,750 

Option 
expiration 
date

3/23/2023
3/23/2023
3/23/2023

Option Awards

Number of
shares
acquired 
on 
exercise

Value 
realized 
on 
exercise

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annmarie Gayle
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham

-   
-   
-   

- 
- 
- 

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  compensation  paid  to  each  of  our  directors  (who  are  not  also  officers  of  the  Company)  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  October  31,  2020,  in
connection with their services to the company. In accordance with the SEC’s rules, the table omits columns showing items that are not applicable. Except as set forth in the
table, no other persons were paid any compensation for director services.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Name
Michael Hamilton
Captain J Charles Plumb
Mary Losty
Tyler G Runnels

**Fees Earned 
or Paid in 
Cash ($)

30,000   
30,000   
30,000   
30,000   

Stock Awards 
($)

Total 
($)

-   
-   
-   

30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 

** In 2020 FY, each Board Member waived one Quarter’s Fee Payment as part of the cost reduction effort relating to the Company’s Pandemic response, as is disclosed on
Form 8K filed with the SEC in 2020.

2017 Stock Incentive Plan

On December 6, 2017, the Board of Directors adopted the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The purpose of the Plan is to advance the interests of the Company and its
stockholders  by  enabling  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  to  attract  and  retain  qualified  individuals  through  opportunities  for  equity  participation  in  the  Company,  and  to
reward  those  individuals  who  contribute  to  the  Company’s  achievement  of  its  economic  objectives.  The  Plan  was  adopted  subject  to  stockholders’  approval.  This  Plan  was
approved by Stockholders at its meeting held on or around July 24, 2018.

The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that will be available for issuance under the Plan is 913,612. The shares available for issuance under the Plan may, at the
election of the Committee, be either treasury shares or shares authorized but unissued, and, if treasury shares are used, all references in the Plan to the issuance of shares will, for
corporate law purposes, be deemed to mean the transfer of shares from treasury.

The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors which has the authority to determine all provisions of Incentive Awards as the Committee
may deem necessary or desirable and as consistent with the terms of the Plan, including, without limitation, the following: (i) eligible recipients; (ii) the nature and extent of the
Incentive Awards  to  be  made  to  each  Participant;  (iii)  the  time  or  times  when  Incentive Awards  will  be  granted;  (iv)  the  duration  of  each  Incentive Award;  and  (v)  the
restrictions and other conditions to which the payment or vesting of Incentive Awards may be subject.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 564,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Plan to
various eligible individuals. During the year 3,000 options were forfeited. As a result, as of October 31, 2020, there were 319,255 shares available for future issue under the
Plan.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Under  the  Exchange Act,  our  directors,  our  executive  officers,  and  any  persons  holding  more  than  10%  of  our  common  stock  are  required  to  report  their  ownership  of  the
common stock and any changes in that ownership to the SEC. To our knowledge, based solely on our review of the copies of such reports received or written representations
from certain reporting persons that no other reports were required, except as set forth below, we believe that during our fiscal year ended October 31, 2020, no reports relating
to our securities required to be filed by current reporting persons were filed late.

Entities affiliated with Bryan Ezralow were late in their filing of a Form 4 relating to transactions that took place during March 2020.

Maty Losty, one of our directors, was one day late in her filing of a Form 4 relating to a transaction that took place on April 8, 2020.

We will continue monitoring Section 16 compliance by each of our directors and executive officers and will assist them where possible in their filing obligations.

42

 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth information as of January 28, 2021, regarding the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock, based on information provided by (i) each of our
executive  officers  and  directors;  (ii)  all  executive  officers  and  directors  as  a  group;  and  (iii)  each  person  who  is  known  by  us  to  beneficially  own  more  than  5%  of  the
outstanding shares of our Common Stock. The percentage ownership in this table is based on 10,751,881 shares issued and outstanding as of January 28, 2021.

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the following table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock that
they beneficially own.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
Michael Hamilton
Annmarie Gayle (2)
Michael Midgley
Blair Cunningham
J. Charles Plumb
Mary Losty
Niels Sondergaard
Carit Etlars Vej 17A
8700 Horsens
Denmark

Amount and 
Nature 
of Beneficial 
Ownership of
Common Stock

Percent of 
Common Stock

1,143   
2,330,523   
-0-   
24,297   
11,434   
57,143   

2,317,486   

 * 
21.7%
 * 
  * 
  * 
  *

21.6%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
G. Tyler Runnels (3)
2049 Century Park East, Suite 320
Los Angeles, CA 90067
J. Steven Emerson (4)
1522 Ensley Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Bryan Ezralow (5)
23622 Calabasas Rd. Suite 200
Calabasas, CA 91302
FH Fentener van Vlissingen (6)
Albert Hahnplantsoen 23
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (Seven persons):

*) Less than 1%. 

1,125,685   

1,244,159   

1,073,120   

592,958   
3,550,225   

10.5%

11.6%

9.9%

5.5%
33.1%

1) Unless otherwise indicated, the address of all individuals and entities listed below is c/o Coda Octopus Group, Inc. 3300 S Hiawassee Rd, Suite 104-105, Orlando, Florida,

2)
3)

4)

32835.
Includes 2,317,486 shares beneficially owned by Ms. Gayle’s spouse, Niels Sondergaard. Ms. Gayle disclaims any beneficial ownership in those shares.
Includes 859,331 shares held by the G. Tyler Runnels and Jasmine Niklas Runnels TTEES of The Runnels Family Trust DTD 1-11-2000 of which Mr. Runnels is a trustee;
227,700 shares held by T.R. Winston; 24,368 shares held by TRW Capital Growth Fund, Ltd.;  and 14,286 shares held by Pangaea Partners. The Company has been advised
that Mr. Runnels has voting and dispositive power with respect to all of these shares.
Includes the following: 167,081 held by J. Steven Emerson IRA R/O II; 300,000 shares held by J. Steven Emerson Roth IRA; 49,328 shares  held by the Brian Emerson IRA;
310,928 shares held by Emerson Partners; 400,250 shares held by 1993 Emerson Family Trust; 8,286 shares held by the Alleghany Meadows IRA; 8,286 shares held by the
Jill  Meadows  IRA;  and  24,073  shares  held  by  the  Emerson family  Foundation.  The  Company  has  been  advised  that  Mr.  Emerson  has  voting  and  dispositive  power  with
respect to all of these shares.

 5) Consists of 896,079 shares held by the Bryan Ezralow 1994 Trust u/t/d 12/22/1994; and 177,041 shares held by EZ MM&B Holdings, LLC. The Company has been advised

that Mr. Ezralow has voting and dispositive power with respect to these shares.

6) According to filings made with the SEC, Sandy Hills BV directly owns all of the shares reported herewith. Malabar Hill NV, as the statutory  director of Sandy Hills BV, and

Drs F.H. van Vlissingen, as statutory director of Malabar Hill NV, have voting and dispositive power over the shares held by Sandy Hills BV.

43

 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

None that are required to be reported herein.

 ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees. The aggregate fees billed by Frazier & Deeter, LLC, our principal accountants, for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual financial
statements for the last two fiscal years and for the reviews of the financial statements included in the Company’s Quarterly reports on Form 10-Q during the last two fiscal years
2020 and 2019 were $212,369 and $204,198 respectively.

Audit-Related  Fees.  The  aggregate  fees  billed  by  Frazier  &  Deeter,  LLC,  our  principal  accountants,  for  professional  services  rendered  in  connection  with  the  audits  of  the
Company, the review of and consent to the filing of registration statements, and assistance in responding to comment letters issued by the Securities & Exchange Commission
during the last two fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were $0 and $0, respectively.

Tax Fees. The Company did not engage its principal accountants to render any tax services to the Company during the last two fiscal years.

All Other Fees. The Company did not engage its principal accountants to render services to the Company during the last two fiscal years, other than as reported above.

Prior to the Company’s engagement of its independent auditor, such engagement is approved by the Company’s audit committee. The services provided under this engagement
may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to one year and any pre-approval is detailed as to the
particular  service  or  category  of  services  and  is  generally  subject  to  a  specific  budget.  Pursuant  to  the  Company’s Audit  Committee  Charter,  the  independent  auditors  and
management are required to report to the Company’s audit committee at least quarterly regarding the extent of services provided by the independent auditors in accordance with
this pre-approval, and the fees for the services performed to date. The audit committee may also pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis. All audit-related fees,
tax fees and other fees incurred by the Company for the year ended October 31, 2020, were approved by the Company’s audit committee.

44

 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Exhibit
Number
2.1
3.1
3.1.1.
3.2
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33

Description

  Plan and Agreement of Merger dated July 12, 2004 by and between Panda and Coda Octopus *
  Restated Certificate of Incorporation**
  Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock******
  By-Laws *
  Deed of Amendment to Loan Note Transaction Documents dated October 31, 2015 by and between the Company and CCM Holdings LLC***
  [Reserved]
  Employment Contract between Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and Mike Midgley****
  [Reserved]
  Employment Contract dated January 1, 2013 between Coda Octopus Products, Inc. and Blair Cunningham****
  Deed of Amendment to Loan Note Transaction Documents dated October 17, 2016 by and between the Company and CCM Holdings LLC**
  Deed of Amendment to Loan Note Transaction Documents dated November 1, 2016 by and between the Company and CCM Holdings LLC*****
  Employment Contract dated March 16, 2017 between the Company and Annmarie Gayle*****
  Loan Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2017, by and between Coda Octopus Group, Inc., Coda Octopus Products, Inc., Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. and HSBC Bank

USA, N.A.******

10.34

  Form of Security Agreement, dated April 28, 2017******

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.35
10.36
14
23.1
31.1
32

  Promissory Note dated April 28, 2017******
  2017 Stock Incentive Plan*******
  Code of Ethics*******
  Consent of Frazier & Deeter, LLC (filed herewith)
  Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer Certification
  Certificate Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350

*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******   Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10 for the year ended October 31, 2017

  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (SEC File No.143144)
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10.
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2007
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2010
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10/A filed March 29,2017
  Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 2, 2017

45

 SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

DATE: January 28, 2021

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

/s/ Annmarie Gayle
Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Annmarie Gayle, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
re-substitution, severally, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this annual report on Form 10-K,
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to
all  intents  and  purposes  as  he  might  or  could  do  in  person,  hereby  ratifying  and  confirming  all  that  said  attorneys-in-fact  and  agents,  or  any  of  them  or  their  or  his  or  her
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney may be executed in counterparts.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.

Signature

  Title

/s/ Annmarie Gayle
Annmarie Gayle

/s/ Michael Midgley
Michael Midgley

/s/ Michael Hamilton
Michael Hamilton

/s/ Captain Charlie Plumb
Charlie Plumb

/s/ Mary Losty
Mary Losty

  Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
  (Principal Executive Officer)

  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

  Director

  Director

  Director

/s/ G. Tyler Runnels

  Director

46

  Date

  January 28, 2021

  January 28, 2021

  January 28, 2021

  January 28, 2021

  January 28, 2021

  January 28, 2021

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF OCTOBER 31, 2020 AND 2019

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2020 AND 2019

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2020 AND 2019

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2020 AND 2019

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PAGE

F-2

F-4

F-5

F-6

F-7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Coda  Octopus  Group,  Inc.  and  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  as  of  October  31,  2020  and  2019,  and  the
related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, and the
related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of their operations and cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  Company’s  consolidated
financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are
required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to
perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing
procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of
the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

/s/ Frazier & Deeter, LLC
Tampa, Florida
January 28, 2021

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash
Accounts Receivable, net
Inventory
Unbilled Receivables
Other Current Assets
Prepaid Expenses

Total Current Assets

FIXED ASSETS

Property and Equipment, net

OTHER ASSETS

Goodwill and Other Intangibles, net
Deferred Tax Asset

Total Other Assets

Total Assets

F-1

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019

ASSETS

$

2020

2019

$

15,134,289   
2,014,660   
9,142,273   
861,300   
244,171   
289,204   

27,685,897   

11,721,683 
4,431,971 
5,350,514 
2,279,362 
298,187 
198,140 

24,279,857 

6,059,900   

5,986,812 

3,731,452   
561,902    

4,293,354    

3,612,891 
631,684 

4,244,575 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

$

38,039,151   

$

34,511,244 

F-2

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019

2020

2019

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts Payable
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Notes Payable
Deferred Revenue

Total Current Liabilities

LONG TERM LIABILITIES

Deferred Revenue, less current portion
Notes Payable, less current portion

Total Long Term Liabilities

Total Liabilities

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock, $.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 10,751,881 and 10,721,881 shares
issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
Additional Paid-in Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Deficit

Total Stockholders’ Equity

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

$

$

1,284,097   
584,202   
509,769   
1,006,454   

3,384,522   

195,022   
63,339   

258,361   

3,642,883   

10,753   
60,132,415   
(2,321,278)  
(23,425,622)  

34,396,268   

$

38,039,151   

$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-3

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
For the Periods Indicated

Year Ended October 31,

2020

2019

Net Revenues
Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

OPERATING EXPENSES
Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Other Income
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program
Interest Expense

Total Other Income (Expense)

NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)

Current Tax Benefit
Deferred Tax Expense

Total Income Tax Expense

NET INCOME

NET INCOME PER SHARE:

Basic
Diluted

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES:

Basic

$

$

$
$

20,043,810   
7,314,362   

$

12,729,448   

3,188,389   
6,737,294   

9,925,683   

2,803,765   

19,374   
648,871    
(70,203)  

598,042   

3,401,807   

6,232,553 

50,663   

(108,885)  

(58,222)  

3,343,585    

$

0.31   
0.30   

$
$

39,422 

(1,046,776)

(1,007,354)

5,225,199 

0.49 
0.49 

10,733,799   

10,680,007 

1,273,490 
576,672 
487,140 
830,148 

3,167,450 

143,587 
572,434 

716,021 

3,883,471 

10,723 
59,521,665 
(2,135,408)
(26,769,207)

30,627,773 

34,511,244 

25,056,934 
8,627,615 

16,429,319 

2,801,331 
7,374,551 

10,175,882 

6,253,437 

70,212 
-  
(91,096)

(20,884)

 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
Diluted

NET INCOME

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

11,294,799   

10,680,007 

$

$

3,343,585    
(185,870)  

$

(185,870)  

3,157,715   

$

5,225,199 
93,255 

93,255 

5,318,454 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-4

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
For the Years Ended October 31, 2020 and 2019

Additional    

Other

Accumulated    

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Paid-in
Capital

    Comprehensive    Accumulated   

Income (Loss)    

Deficit

Total

Balance, October 31, 2018

  10,640,416   

$

10,641   

$ 58,599,378   

$

(2,228,663)  

$ (31,994,406)  

$ 24,386,950 

Stock Issued to Investors
Director stock based compensation
Employee stock based compensation
Consultant stock based compensation
Disgorgement of stock sales
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net Income
Balance, October 31, 2019

Employee stock based compensation
Consultant stock based compensation
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net Income
Balance, October 31, 2020

23,965   
32,143   
5,357   
20,000   
-   
-   
-   
  10,721,881   

-   
30,000   
-   
-   
  10,751,881   

$

25   
32   
5   
20   
-   
-   
-   
10,723   

-   
30   
-   
-   
10,753   

105,421   
302,757   
55,815   
291,780   
166,514   
-   
-   
  59,521,665   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
93,255   
-   
(2,135,408)  

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
5,225,199   
  (26,769,207)  

105,446 
302,789 
55,820 
291,800 
166,514 
93,255 
  5,225,199 
  30,627,773 

441,280   
169,470   
-   
-   
$ 60,132,415   

$

-   
-   
(185,870)  
-   
(2,321,278)  

-   
-   
-   
3,343,585   
$ (23,425,622)  

441,280 
169,500 
(185,870)
  3,343,585 
$ 34,396,268 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-5

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
Stock based compensation
Deferred tax asset
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program recognized as income
Loss on the sale of property and equipment

(Increase) decrease in operating assets:

Accounts receivable
Inventory
Unbilled receivables
Other current assets
Prepaid expenses

Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:

Accounts payable and other current liabilities
Deferred revenue

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchases of property and equipment
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment
Purchases of other goodwill and intangible assets

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Repayment of notes
Disgorgement of stock sales
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program
Issuance of common stock for cash

Net Cash Provided (Used) in Financing Activities

EFFECT OF CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE ON CHANGES IN CASH

Year Ended October 31,

2020

2019

$

3,343,585   

$

806,686   
610,780   
69,782    
(648,871 )  
-   

2,417,311   
(3,791,759)  
1,418,062   
54,016   
(91,064)  

18,137   
227,741   
4,434,406   

(835,132)  
-   
(163,203)  
(998,335)  

(486,466)  
-   
648,871    
-   
162,405  
(185,870)  

5,225,199 

833,775 
650,409 
1,122,485 
-  
9,215 

(1,105,349)
(1,527,271)
733,754 
(78,762)
29,339 

176,560
321,915 
6,391,269 

(2,263,007)
719,077 
(38,628)
(1,582,558)

(964,665)
166,514 
- 
105,446 
(692,705)
93,255 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NET INCREASE IN CASH

CASH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD

CASH AT THE END OF THE PERIOD

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for taxes

3,412,606   

11,721,683   

15,134,289   

70,202   
-   

$

$
$

4,209,261 

7,512,422 

11,721,683 

91,097 
7,840 

$

$
$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-6

 CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (“Coda,” “the Company,” or “we”) operates two distinct operating business units. These are Marine Technology Business (“Products Business”) and
Marine Engineering Business (“Services Business”). The Marine Technology Business sells solutions which it designs, develops and manufactures to the subsea market. Among
the solutions it designs and develops its real time volumetric imaging sonar which is a unique and leading product in the subsea/underwater market. The Marine Engineering
Business supplies proprietary parts for which it enjoys sole source status to prime defense contractors. These parts are part of a broader sub-system into mission critical defense
systems.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. and our domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions
and balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a. Basis of Presentation

The  Company  has  adopted  the  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  (FASB)  Codification  (Codification).  The  Codification  is  the  single  official  source  of  authoritative
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of America  (U.S.  GAAP)  recognized  by  the  FASB  to  be  applied  by  nongovernmental  entities,  and  all  of  the
Codification’s content carries the same level of authority.

b. Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. At times such investments may be in
excess of federal deposit insurance limits.

c. Trade Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company provides for an allowance for doubtful collections that is based upon a review
of  outstanding  receivables,  historical  collection  information,  and  existing  economic  conditions.  Balances  still  outstanding  after  the  Company  has  used  reasonable  collection
efforts are written off though a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to trade accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $47,807 as of October 31,
2020 and 2019, respectively.

d. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for minor replacements, maintenance and repairs which do not increase the useful lives
of the property and equipment are charged to operations as incurred. Major additions and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the
straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which is typically three to five years for equipment and 30 years for buildings.

F-7

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

e. Advertising

Coda  follows  the  policy  of  charging  the  costs  of  advertising  to  expense  as  incurred,  which  aggregated  $4,884  and  $18,271  for  the  years  ended  October,  31  2020  and  2019
respectively.

f. Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (Weighted Average method) or net realizable value. Inventory consisted of the following components:

Inventory
Raw materials and parts
Work in progress
Finished goods

Total Inventory

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

$

$

7,322,688   
698,756   

1,120,829   
9,142,273   

$

$

4,379,260 
517,354 

453,900 
5,350,514 

 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
g. Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues including unbilled and
deferred revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include estimates related to the percentage of
completion  method  used  to  account  for  contracts  including  costs  and  earnings  in  excess  of  billings,  billings  in  excess  of  costs  and  estimated  earnings  and  the  valuation  of
goodwill.

h. Revenue Recognition

Beginning  on  November  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board’s  Topic  606, Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“Topic  606”).
Previously, we had recognized revenue in accordance with FASB Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. After carefully comparing the old and the new revenue standards, we believe
that our previous revenue recognition policy is substantially consistent with our new revenue recognition policy and that revenues are consistently stated between periods and no
cumulative effect adjustment was required.

F-8

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

h. Revenue Recognition (Continued)

Topic 606 has established a five-step process to determine the amount of revenue to record from contracts with customers. The five steps are:

● Determine if we have a contract with a customer;
● Determine the performance obligations in that contract;
● Determine the transaction price;
● Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
● Determine when to recognize revenue.

Our  revenues  are  earned  under  formal  contracts  with  our  customers  and  are  derived  from  both  sales  and  rental  of  underwater  technologies  and  equipment  for  real  time  3D
imaging, mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services which we provide primarily to prime defense contractors. Our contracts do not include the
possibility for additional contingent consideration so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential additional variable consideration.
Our sales do not include a right of return by the customer.

With regard to our Marine Technology Business (“Products Business”), all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of
the products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., installation, training, post-sales technical support etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or
are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the
customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

Revenue derived from either our subscription package offerings or rental of our equipment is recognized when performance obligations are met, in particular, on a daily basis
during the subscription or rental period.

For  arrangements  with  multiple  performance  obligations,  we  recognize  product  revenue  by  allocating  the  transaction  revenue  to  each  performance  obligation  based  on  the
relative fair value of each deliverable and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met including when equipment is delivered, and for rental of equipment, when
installation and other services are performed.

Our contracts sometimes require customer payments in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as revenue when the Company has fulfilled its obligations under the
respective contracts. Until such time, we recognize this prepayment as deferred revenue.

For software license sales for which any services rendered are not considered distinct to the functionality of the software, we recognize revenue upon delivery of the software.

F-9

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

h. Revenue Recognition (Continued)

With  respect  to  revenues  related  to  our  Services  Business,  there  are  contracts  in  place  that  specify  the  fixed  hourly  rate  and  other  reimbursable  costs  to  be  billed  based  on
material and direct labor hours incurred and, revenue is recognized on these contracts based on material and the direct labor hours incurred. Revenues from fixed-price contracts
are  recognized  on  the  percentage-of-completion  method,  measured  by  the  percentage  of  costs  incurred  (materials  and  direct  labor  hours)  to  date  to  estimated  total  services
(materials and direct labor hours) for each contract. This method is used as we consider expenditures for direct materials and labor hours to be the best available measure of
progress on these contracts.

On a quarterly basis, we examine all of our fixed-price contracts to determine if there are any losses to be recognized during the period. Any such loss is recorded in the quarter
in which the loss first becomes apparent based upon costs incurred to date and the estimated costs to complete as determined by experience from similar contracts. Variations
from estimated contract performance could result in adjustments to operating results.

Recoverability of Deferred Costs

In accordance with Topic 606, we defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of incremental direct costs to customize and install systems, as
defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties. The
pricing of these service contracts is intended to provide for the recovery of these types of deferred costs over the life of the contract.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  recognize  such  costs  in  accordance  with  our  revenue  recognition  policy  by  contract.  For  revenue  recognized  under  the  percentage  of  completion  method,  costs  are
recognized  as  products  are  delivered  or  services  are  provided  in  accordance  with  the  percentage  of  completion  calculation.  For  revenue  recognized  over  time,  costs  are
recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each quarterly balance sheet date, we review deferred costs, to ensure they
are ultimately recoverable.

Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

Deferred Commissions

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consists of sales commissions are deferred and amortized over the period of the contract performance. We classify
deferred commissions as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred commissions
are  included  in  prepaid  expenses  and  other  current  assets,  and  other  assets,  net,  respectively,  in  our  consolidated  balance  sheets. As  of  October  31,  2020  and  2019,  we  had
deferred commissions of $3,884 and $68,175, respectively. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions was $125,284 and $127,590 in the years ended October 31,
2020 and 2019, respectively.

F-10

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

h. Revenue Recognition (Continued)

Other Revenue Disclosures

See  Note  12  –  Segment Analysis  for  a  breakdown  of  revenues  from  external  customers  and  cost  of  those  revenues  between  our  Product  Segment  and  Services  Segment
including information on the split of revenues by geography.

i. Concentrations of Risk

Credit losses, if any, have been provided for in the consolidated financial statements and are based on management’s expectations. The Company’s accounts receivables are
subject  to  potential  concentrations  of  credit  risk,  since  a  significant  part  of  the  Company’s  sales  are  to  a  small  number  of  companies  and,  even  though  these  are  generally
established businesses, market fluctuations such as the price of oil may affect our customers’ ability to meet their obligations to us. Furthermore, Trade disputes may result in
impairment or delays in receivables.

The Company’s bank deposits are held with financial institutions both in and outside the USA. At times, such amounts may be in excess of applicable government mandated
insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts or lack of access to its cash, and believes it is not exposed to significant risk of loss with respect
to cash.

j. Contracts in Progress (Unbilled Receivables and Deferred Revenue)

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent accumulated project expenses and fees which have not been invoiced to customers as of
the date of the balance sheet. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as Unbilled Receivables of $861,300 and $2,279,362 as of October 31, 2020 and
2019, respectively.

Our Deferred Revenue of $989,588 and $973,735 as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, consists of billings in excess of costs and revenues received as part of our
warranty obligations upon completing a sale, as elaborated further in the last paragraph of this note.

Revenue  received  as  part  of  sales  of  equipment  includes  a  provision  for  warranty  and  is  treated  as  deferred  revenue,  along  with  extended  warranty  sales,  which  may  be
purchased by customers. These amounts are amortized over the relevant warranty period (12 months is our standard warranty or 24, 36 or 60 months for extended warranty)
from the date of sale. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as a component of Deferred Revenue and were $211,888 and $497,819 as of October 31,
2020 and 2019, respectively.

F-11

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

k. Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). Under ASC 740, deferred income tax assets and
liabilities  are  recorded  for  the  income  tax  effects  of  differences  between  the  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  their  bases  for  income  tax
reporting.  The  Company’s  differences  arise  principally  from  the  use  of  various  accelerated  and  modified  accelerated  cost  recovery  systems  for  income  tax  purposes  versus
straight line depreciation used for book purposes and from the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the amounts by which the Company’s future income taxes are expected to be impacted by these differences as they reverse. Deferred tax
assets  are  based  on  differences  that  are  expected  to  decrease  future  income  taxes  as  they  reverse.  Correspondingly,  deferred  tax  liabilities  are  based  on  differences  that  are
expected to increase future income taxes as they reverse. Note 7 below discusses the amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and also presents the impact of significant
differences between financial reporting income and taxable income.

For  income  tax  purposes,  the  Company  uses  the  percentage  of  completion  method  of  recognizing  revenues  on  long-term  contracts  which  is  consistent  with  the  Company’s
financial reporting under U.S. GAAP.

l. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible assets consist principally of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (or goodwill), customer relationships, non-compete agreements

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and licenses. Goodwill was allocated to our reporting units based on the original purchase price allocation. Goodwill is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually
or more often if circumstances indicate impairment may exist. Customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents and licenses are being amortized on a straight-line basis
over periods of 2 to 15 years. The Company amortizes its limited life goodwill and intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. We
periodically evaluate the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets and take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that
indicate that impairment exists.

Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the
fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the Step 2 must
be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The Company has adopted Accounting Standards Codification 2017 – 04, simplifying the Test for Goodwill
Impairment, which permits the Company to impair the difference between carrying amounts in excess of the fair value of the reporting unit as the reduction in goodwill. ASC
2017-04 eliminates the requirement in previous GAAP to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.

At the end of each year, we evaluate goodwill on a separate reporting unit basis to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. An impairment loss
would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit over the fair value of the reporting unit.

There were no impairment charges recognized during the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019.

F-12

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

m. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The  Company’s  financial  instruments  include  cash,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable,  accrued  expenses  and  notes  payable.  The  carrying  amounts  of  cash,  accounts
receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The aggregate carrying amount of the notes
payable approximates fair value as they bear interest at a market interest rate based on their term and maturity.

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates its carrying amount based on the fact that the Company believes it could obtain similar terms and conditions for
similar debt.

n. Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. Related revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates
in effect during the period. Stockholders’ equity, fixed assets and long-term investments are recorded at historical exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded
as a separate component in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income or (loss) as may be appropriate. Foreign currency transaction gains and
losses are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

o. Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived  assets  to  be  held  and  used  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be
recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if its carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use
and  eventual  disposal  of  the  asset.  Long-lived  assets  to  be  disposed  of  are  reported  at  the  lower  of  carrying  amount  or  fair  value  less  cost  to  sell.  No  impairment  loss  was
recognized during the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

p. Research and Development

Research and development costs consist of expenditures for the development of present and future patents and technology, which are not capitalizable. Under current legislation,
we are eligible for UK tax credits related to our qualified research and development expenditures.

Tax credits are classified as a reduction of research and development expense. During the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, we had $0 and $0, respectively.

q. Stock Based Compensation

In accordance with the accounting rules for stock compensation, for time based awards, the Company is accruing a stock compensation expense and increase to additional paid
in capital based on the market value of the common stock as of the grant date throughout the vesting period. The vesting period for the awards is three years and is based on the
employee’s continuous service to the Company. Prior to vesting, the awards are subject to forfeiture in whole or in part under certain circumstances. We use the Black-Scholes
method for equity instruments granted to employees.

F-13

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

r. Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive  income  is  defined  to  include  all  changes  in  equity  except  those  resulting  from  investments  by  owners  and  distributions  to  owners.  Comprehensive  income
includes gains and losses on foreign currency translation adjustments and is included as a component of stockholders’ equity.

s. Earnings per Share

We  compute  basic  earnings  per  share  by  dividing  the  income  attributable  to  common  shareholders  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  in  the
reporting period.

Following is a reconciliation of earnings from continuing operations and weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
per share:

Fiscal Period
Numerator:

Net Income (Loss)

Denominator:

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
Options issued
Diluted outstanding shares

Earnings (Loss) from continuing operations

Basic
Diluted

t. Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Year
Ended
October 31,
2020

Year
Ended
October 31,
2019

  $

3,343,585    $

5,225,199 

10,733,799   
561,000   
11,294,799   

10,680,007 
- 
10,680,007 

  $
  $

0.31    $
0.30    $

0.49 
0.49 

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
An adjustment has been made to the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, to reclassify the Value
Added Tax (VAT) receivable.

u. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that have significance, or potential significance, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-14

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 3 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets are evaluated on an annual basis. If there is reason to believe that their values have been diminished or impaired, those write-downs will
be included in results from operations.

The identifiable goodwill and intangible assets acquired and their carrying value as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, are as follows:

Amortization of patents, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and licenses included as a charge to income amounted to $44,642 and $39,689 for the years ended
October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Goodwill is not being amortized.

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

Customer relationships (weighted average life of 10 years)
Non-compete agreements (weighted average life of 3 years)
Patents and other (weighted average life of 10 years)

Total identifiable intangible assets - gross carrying value

Less: accumulated amortization

Total intangible assets, net

Future estimated annual amortization expenses as of October 31, 2020 as follows:

$

$

$

720,592   
198,911   
472,173   

1,391,676   

(1,042,332)  

349,344   

$

Years Ending October 31,
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter

Totals

Amount

$

720,592 
198,911 
381,785 

1,301,288 

(1,070,505)

230,783 

46,338 
46,317 
43,978 
33,000 
19,409 
160,302 

349,344 

F-15

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 3 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

As  a  result  of  the  acquisitions  of  Coda  Octopus  Martech,  Ltd.,  Coda  Octopus  Colmek,  Inc.  and  Coda  Octopus  Products,  Ltd.,  the  Company  has  goodwill  in  the  amount  of
$3,382,108  as  of  October  31,  2020  and  2019,  respectively.  We  enlisted  the  assistance  of  an  independent  valuation  consultant  to  determine  the  values  of  our  goodwill  and

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
intangible assets at the dates of acquisition and by management for the dates thereafter. The carrying amount of goodwill as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are
recorded below:

Breakout of Goodwill:

Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc.
Coda Octopus Products, Ltd
Coda Octopus Martech, Ltd

Total Goodwill

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

$

$

$

2,038,669   
62,315   
1,281,124   

3,382,108   

$

2,038,669 
62,315 
1,281,124 

3,382,108 

Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of goodwill. Based on various market factors and projections used by management, actual results
could vary significantly from management’s estimates.

The  Company’s  policy  is  to  test  its  goodwill  balances  for  impairment  on  an  annual  basis,  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  year,  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  changes  in
circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Based on these evaluations, the fair value of reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. As such no impairment was recorded by management.

F-16

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of:

Buildings
Land
Office machinery and equipment
Rental Assets
Furniture, fixtures and improvements
Totals
Less: accumulated depreciation

Property and Equipment – Net

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

$

$

$

5,103,324   
200,000   
2,044,405   
1,531,351   
1,187,927   
10,067,007   
(4,007,107)  

6,059,900   

$

4,654,029 
200,000 
1,954,938 
1,468,124 
1,158,033 
9,435,124 
(3,448,312)

5,986,812 

Depreciation expense for the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 was $758,297 and $794,086 respectively.

We own substantially all of our facilities and believe that the effect of adopting the FASB’s lease accounting standard has been immaterial.

NOTE 5 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Other current assets consisted of the following at:

Other Current Assets

Deposits
Tax receivables
Total Other Current Assets

NOTE 6 – CAPITAL STOCK

Common Stock

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

$

$

112,984   
131,187   
244,171   

$

$

42,932 
255,255 
298,187 

F-17

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

On November 16, 2018, the Company issued 23,965 shares to one investor pursuant to their pre-emption rights under the terms of the private placement effected on or around
January 29, 2018 for a purchase price of $105,446.

On February 3, 2019, the Company issued a total of 7,143 shares to one of its directors for services rendered. These shares had a fair value of $42,289.

On June 24, 2019, the Company issued 20,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered. These shares had a fair value of $291,800.

On September 16, 2019, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan 2017 to a director of one of our
foreign subsidiaries for services rendered. These shares had a fair value of $260,500.

On September 16, 2019, the Company issued a total of 5,357 of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan 2017 to one of its employees for
services rendered. These shares had a fair value of $55,820.

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On June 9, 2020, the Company issued 30,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered. These shares had a fair value of $169,500.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 561,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the Plan to
various eligible individuals. As a result, as of October 31, 2020, there were 352,612 shares available under the Plan.

The following table presents stock option activity for the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019.

Stock Options

Outstanding at October 31, 2018

Granted
Vested
Exercises
Forfeited or cancelled

Outstanding at October 31, 2019

Granted
Vested
Exercises
Forfeited or cancelled

Outstanding at October 31, 2020

Aggregate Intrinsic Value

October 31, 2019

Aggregate Intrinsic Value

October 31, 2020

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

Exercisable    

    Non-Vested   

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
4.65   
-   
-   
4.65   

4.65   

$

$

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
        -   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

       -   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
564,000   
-   
-   
(3,000)  

-   

-   

-   

$

$

-   

561,000   

$

$

-   

-   

$

$
$

$

$

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
4.65 
- 
- 
4.65 

4.65 

Total

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
564,000 
- 
- 

(3,000)  

561,000 

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

- 

491,280 

The intrinsic value as of October 31, 2020 was $491,280 and $0 for October 31, 2019.

The total expense recognized by the Company during the year ended October 31, 2020 was $441,280. The expense in future years is $815,880. 

Preferred Stock

Series A and Series C Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. We had previously designated 50,000 preferred shares as Series A
preferred stock and 50,000 preferred shares as Series C preferred stock. Both series have since been eliminated and as of October 31, 2020 there were no Series A or Series C
Preferred Stock issued or outstanding.

F-18

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 7 - INCOME TAXES

The Company provides for income taxes and the related accounts under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference
between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the basis differences reverse.
Valuation allowances are established when management determines it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes comprises:

Current federal benefit
Foreign tax (benefit) expense

Total Current Tax Benefit

Deferred federal expense
Deferred foreign benefit

Deferred Tax Expense

Total Income Tax Expense

The expense for income taxes differed from the U.S. statutory rate due to the following:

Statutory tax rate
Change in deferred taxes

Alternative Minimum Tax (refund)

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

(12,502)  
(38,161)  

$

(50,663)  

305,125   
(196,240)  

108,885   

58,222   

$

(75,004)
35,582 

(39,422)

1,046,776 
- 

1,046,776 

1,007,354 

$

$

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

21.0%  

(17.1)% 
(1.1)% 

21.0%

(4.2)%
(1.2)%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign tax expense

Total

(1.1)% 

1.7%  

0.5%

16.1%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts
used for income tax purposes.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

Noncurrent deferred tax assets
U.S. NOL carryforwards
Other
Stock option compensation
Foreign R&D refunds

Total

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

$

$

$

272,993   
-    
92,669   
196,240   

561,902   

$

670,787 
(39,103 )
- 
-

631,684 

As of October 31, 2020, we had U.S. federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $1,299,969, which expire in 2029.

F-19

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 8 - NOTES PAYABLE

Notes payable consisted of the following at:

Secured note payable to HSBC NA with interest payable on the 28th day of each month at 4.56% per
annum. Our monthly repayment obligation under this loan is $43,777 (comprising both principal and
interest repayment). The maturity of this Loan is December 28, 2021

Total
Less: current portion
Total Long Term Notes Payable

Years Ending October 31,
2021
2022

Totals

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

$

$

573,108   

$

573,108   
(509,769)  
63,339   

$

$

1,059,574 

1,059,574 
(487,140)
572,434 

509,769 
63,339 

573,108 

Amount

The HSBC loan is secured by a blanket lien on all of the Company’s US subsidiaries. The foreign subsidiaries are each guarantors of the obligations undertaken in the loan
agreement.

The Company concluded a $4,000,000 revolving line of credit facility with HSBC NA on November 27, 2019, with the interest rate established as the applicable prime rate.
The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0 as of October 31, 2020. This revolving credit line which is subject to renewal will expire on November 26, 2021.

F-20

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 9 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments. Total other comprehensive income (loss) was ($185,870) and $93,255 for the years
ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

A reconciliation of the other comprehensive income (loss) in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

October 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

Balance, beginning of year
Total other comprehensive income for the year - foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance, end of period

$

$

(2,135,408)  
(185,870)  
(2,321,278)  

$

$

(2,228,663)
93,255 
(2,135,408)

NOTE 10 – CONCENTRATIONS

Significant Customers

During the year ended October 31, 2020, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenue from this customer was
$4,273,702, or 21% of net revenues during the period. Total accounts receivable from this customer at October 31, 2020 was $214,747 or 11% of accounts receivable.

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the year ended October 31, 2019, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenue from this customer was
$6,764,199, or 27% of net revenues during the year. Total accounts receivable from this customer at October 31, 2019 was $898,584 or 20% of accounts receivable.

NOTE 11 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries maintain a 401(k) retirement plan. The plan allows the Company to make matching contributions of 4% of employee compensation, subject to
IRS contribution limits. U.S. employees who have at least six months of service with the Company are eligible. In addition, the Company’s UK subsidiaries operate statutory
pension schemes which provide for the payment of certain contribution by the Company and the Employee. These schemes in the UK operate on a defined contribution money
purchase  basis  and  the  contributions  are  charged  to  operations  as  they  arise.  Finally,  the  Company  is  obligated  to  provide  pension  funding  according  the  laws  in  which  it
operates including in both Denmark and Australia. The Company has an arrangement that fulfills this requirement. Employee benefit costs for the years ended October 31, 2020
and 2019 were $140,271 and $59,927, respectively.

F-21

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS

Based on the fundamental difference in the types of offering products versus services, we operate two distinct reportable segments which are managed separately. Coda Octopus
Products (“Marine Technology Business” or “Products Segment”) operations are comprised primarily of sale of underwater technology sonar solutions, products for underwater
operations  including  hardware  and  software;  and  rental  of  solutions  and  products  to  the  underwater  market.  Coda  Octopus  Martech  and  Coda  Octopus  Colmek  (“Marine
Engineering Business” or “Services Segment”) provides engineering services primarily as sub-contractors to prime defense contractors.

Segment operating income is total segment revenue reduced by operating expenses identifiable with the business segment. Corporate includes general corporate administrative
costs (“Overhead”).

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon segment operating income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those
described in the summary of accounting policies.

There are inter-segment sales which have been eliminated in our financial statements but are disclosed in the tables below for information purposes.

The following table summarizes segment asset and operating balances by reportable segment as of and for the years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company’s reportable business segments sell their goods and services in four geographic locations:

● Americas

●

Europe

● Australia/Asia

● Middle East/Africa

F-22

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Revenues from External Customers

$

11,278,181 

$

8,765,629   

$

-   

$

20,043,810 

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)
Other Income
Funding from Paycheck Protection Program
Interest (Expense)

Total Other Income (Expense)

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

2,254,008 

9,024,173 

1,955,364 
2,779,662 

4,735,026 

4,289,147 

19,184 
122,327  
(10,612)  

130,899 

4,420,046 

5,060,354   

3,705,275   

1,042,243   
2,260,849   

-   

-   

190,782   
1,696,783   

3,303,092   

1,887,565   

7,314,362 

12,729,448 

3,188,389 
6,737,294 

9,925,683 

402,183   

(1,887,565)  

2,803,765 

190   
526,544    
(15,672)  

511,062   

-   
-    
(43,919)  

(43,919)  

19,374 
648,871  
(70,203)

598,042 

913,245   

(1,931,484)  

3,401,807 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
Current Tax Benefit (Expense)
Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit

Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

Net Income (Loss)

Supplemental Disclosures

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales
above

Depreciation and Amortization

Purchases of Long-lived Assets

63,590 
(196,664)  

(133,074)  

4,286,972 

22,200,123 

1,572,314 

997,150 

678,449 

811,352 

F-23

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

-   
273,666   

273,666   

(12,927)  
(185,887)  

(198,814)  

50,663 
(108,885)

(58,222)

1,186,911   

$

(2,130,298)  

$

3,343,585 

14,347,827   

1,321,011   

354,373   

105,775   

19,660   

$

$

$

$

$

1,491,201   

749,558   

2,700,000   

22,462   

167,323   

$

$

$

$

$

38,039,151 

3,642,883 

4,051,523 

806,686 

998,335 

NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Year Ended October 31, 2019

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

Marine Technology
Business (Products)  

Marine Engineering
Business (Services)    

Overhead

Total

Revenues from External Customers

$

12,908,110 

$

12,148,824   

$

-   

$

25,056,934 

Cost of Revenues

Gross Profit

Research & Development
Selling, General & Administrative

Total Operating Expenses

Income (Loss) from Operations

Other Income (Expense)
Other Income
Interest Expense

Total Other Income (Expense)

2,519,768 

10,388,342 

2,208,749 
3,080,134 

5,288,883 

5,099,459 

70,186 
(10,564)  

59,622 

6,107,847   

6,040,977   

146,061   
2,492,410   

-   

-   

446,521   
1,802,007   

8,627,615 

16,429,319 

2,801,331 
7,374,551 

2,638,471   

2,248,528   

10,175,882 

3,402,506   

(2,248,528)  

6,253,437 

26   
(14,820)  

(14,794)  

-   
(65,712)  

(65,712)  

70,212 
(91,096)

(20,884)

Net Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

5,159,081 

3,387,712   

(2,314,240)  

6,232,553 

Current Tax Benefit
Deferred Tax (Expense)

Total Income Tax Expense

Net Income (Loss)

Supplemental Disclosures

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales
above

Depreciation and Amortization

Purchases of Long-lived Assets

(9,391)  
(336,101)  

33,454   
(496,318)  

15,359   
(214,357)  

39,422 
(1,046,776)

(345,492)  

(462,864)  

(198,998)  

(1,007,354)

$

$

$

$

$

$

4,813,589 

19,386,652 

1,753,823 

1,590,548 

581,942 

2,183,009 

F-24

$

$

$

$

$

$

2,924,848   

$

(2,513,238)  

$

5,225,199 

14,165,120   

962,641   

145,150   

236,092   

81,446   

$

$

$

$

$

959,472   

1,167,007   

2,700,000   

15,741   

37,180   

$

$

$

$

$

34,511,244 

3,883,471 

4,435,698 

833,775 

2,301,635 

 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales
Americas

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Europe

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services
Australia/Asia

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Middle East & Africa
Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Total Net Sales

Total Net Sales by Geographic Area

Americas
Europe
Australia/Asia
Middle East & Africa

Total Net Sales

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2020
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

1,368,113   
175,282   
35,635   
-   
1,422,830   

583,006   
697,638   
113,860   
-   
485,954   

5,165,905   
487,639   
304,143   
297,823   

66,556   
592   
-   
73,205   

$

-   
-   
-   
4,546,391   
1,230,283   

230,060   
-   
-   
2,753,488   
5,407   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

1,368,113 
175,282 
35,635 
4,546,391 
2,653,113 

813,066 
697,638 
113,860 
2,753,488 
491,361 

5,165,905 
487,639 
304,143 
297,823 

66,556 
592 
- 
73,205 

11,278,181   

$

8,765,629   

$

20,043,810 

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2020
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

3,001,860   
1,880,458   
6,255,510   
140,353   

$

5,776,674   
2,988,955   
-   
-   

8,778,534 
4,869,413 
6,255,510 
140,353 

11,278,181   

$

8,765,629   

$

20,043,810 

$

$

$

$

F-25

NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

Total Net Sales by Product Line

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Total Net Sales

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales
Americas

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales

Engineering Parts
Services

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2020
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

7,183,580   
1,361,151   
453,638   
-   
2,279,812   

$

230,060   
-   
-   
7,299,879   
1,235,690   

7,413,640 
1,361,151 
453,638 
7,299,879 
3,515,502 

11,278,181   

$

8,765,629   

$

20,043,810 

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2019
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

744,604   
639,055   

$

53,540   
-   
1,187,873   

57,497   
-   

$

-   
9,117,338   
1,744,577   

802,101 
639,055 

53,540 
9,117,338 
2,932,450 

$

$

$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services
Australia/Asia

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Middle East & Africa
Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Services

Total Net Sales

1,626,052   
1,137,244   
167,903   
-   
726,050   

4,259,093   
876,141   
324,222   
627,615   

301,165   
36,130   
58,826   
142,597   

145,933   
-   
-   
1,023,822   
59,657   

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-   
-   

1,771,985 
1,137,244 
167,903 
1,023,822 
785,707 

4,259,093 
876,141 
324,222 
627,615 

301,165 
36,130 
58,826 
142,597 

12,908,110   

$

12,148,824   

$

25,056,934 

$

F-26

NOTE 12 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2019
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

2,625,072   
3,657,249   
6,087,071   
538,718   

$

10,919,412   
1,229,412   
-   
-   

13,544,484 
4,886,661 
6,087,071 
538,718 

12,908,110   

$

12,148,824   

$

25,056,934 

Marine
Technology
Business

For the Year Ended October 31, 2019
Marine
Engineering
Business

Grand
Total

$

6,930,914   
2,688,570   
604,491   
-   
2,684,135   

$

203,430   
-   
-   
10,141,160   
1,804,234   

7,134,344 
2,688,570 
604,491 
10,141,160 
4,488,369 

12,908,110   

$

12,148,824   

$

25,056,934 

$

$

$

$

Total Net Sales by Geographic Area

Americas
Europe
Australia/Asia
Middle East & Africa

Total Net Sales

Total Net Sales by Product Line

Equipment Sales
Equipment Rentals
Software Sales
Engineering Parts
Services

Total Net Sales

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Employment Agreements

Annmarie Gayle

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated March 16, 2017, the Company employs Ms. Gayle as its Chief Executive Officer on a full-time basis and a member of
its  Board  of  Directors.  With  effect  from  July  1,  2019,  Ms.  Gayle’s  annual  salary  was  increased  from  $230,000  to  $305,000  payable  on  a  monthly  basis.  Ms.  Gayle  is  also
entitled to an annual performance bonus of up to $100,000, upon achieving certain targets that are to be defined on an annual basis. The agreement provides for 30 days of paid
holidays in addition to public holidays observed in Scotland.

The agreement has no definitive term and may be terminated only upon twelve months’ prior written notice by Ms. Gayle. In the event that the Company terminates her at any
time without cause, she is entitled to a payment equal to her annual salary as well as a separation bonus of $150,000. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause,
immediately  and  without  notice. Among  others,  “for  cause”  includes  gross  misconduct,  a  serious  or  repeated  breach  of  the  agreement  and  negligence  and  incompetence  as
reasonably determined by the Company’s Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

F-27

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
October 31, 2020 and 2019

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

Employment Agreements (Continued)

Blair Cunningham

 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under the terms of an employment contract dated January 1, 2013, our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus Products, Inc. employs Blair Cunningham as its Chief Executive
Officer and President of Technology. He is being paid an annual base salary of $200,000 with effect from January 1, 2020, subject to review by the Company’s Chief Executive
Officer. Mr. Cunningham is entitled to 25 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The agreement may be terminated only upon twelve-month prior written notice without cause. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, immediately and without
notice. Among others, “for cause” includes gross misconduct, a serious or repeated breach of the agreement and negligence and incompetence as reasonably determined by the
Company’s Board. The agreement includes an 18-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision.

Michael Midgley

Pursuant to the terms of an employment agreement dated June 1, 2011, Mike Midgley was appointed the Chief Executive Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary Coda Octopus
Colmek, Inc. and our Chief Financial Officer. He is being paid an annual salary of $210,000 subject to an annual review by Colmek’s Board of Directors and the Company’s
Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Midgley is entitled to 20 vacation days in addition to any public holiday.

The agreement may be terminated at any time upon 4-month prior written notice. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, immediately and without notice. Among
others, “for cause” includes gross misconduct, a serious or repeated breach of the agreement and negligence and incompetence as reasonably determined by the Company’s
Board. The agreement includes a 12-month non-compete and non-solicitation provision. On December 6, 2017, the board of directors of the Company appointed Mr. Midgley
to be the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. In connection with this appointment, all rights and obligations under Mr. Midgley’s employment agreement with Colmek were
transferred to and have been assumed by Coda Octopus Group, Inc.

Litigation

Currently there is no litigation.

NOTE 14 – PAYROLL PROTECTION PROGRAM

In the 2020 FY certain of our US companies, received a total of $648,871 in Pandemic relief under the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“PPP”). The proceeds from
the PPP were used to offset US employees’ salaries during the Pandemic. This amount has now been forgiven under the Program and is recorded in our accounts as “Other
Income”.

These  amounts  were  received  by  our  US  companies  in April  and  May  of  2020.  The  companies  applied  for  forgiveness  of  the  loans  in  September  2020  and  the  loans  were
forgiven in November 2020.

NOTE 15 – COVID-19

The Company faces various risks related to the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”).

The Engineering Services Business is dependent on its workforce to deliver its products and services primarily to the U.S. and U.K. Governments. If significant portions of the
Engineering Services Business’s workforce are unable to work effectively, or if the U.S. or UK. Government and/or other customers’ operations are curtailed due to illness,
quarantines, government actions, facility closures, or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Engineering Services Business’s operations is likely be
severely impacted. The Engineering Services Business may be unable to perform fully on its contracts and costs may increase as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. These cost
increases  may  not  be  fully  recoverable  either  from  our  customers  or  under  existing  insurance  policies. At  this  time,  the  Company’s  management  cannot  predict  with  any
precision the full extent of the impact which COVID-19 Pandemic will have on the Company, but management continues to mitigate where it can and monitor the situation, to
assess further possible implications to operations, the supply chain, and customers, and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences. Further, the Pandemic may
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, and liquidity in fiscal year 2021.

The  Marine  Technology  Business  is  dependent  on  its  workforce  and/or  distributors/resellers  to  sell  and  deliver  its  products  and  services.  Developments  such  as  social
distancing,  shelter  -in-  place  directives  and  travel  restrictions  introduced  by  governments  have  impacted  the  Marine  Products  Business’s  ability  to  deploy  its  workforce
effectively. These same developments may affect the operations of the Company’s suppliers, Customers and distributors/resellers, as their own workforces and operations are
disrupted by efforts to curtail the spread of this virus. The Company, being a manufacturing company, in large part is unable to work remotely. The Company’s activities are
performed in certain international locations that are also impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. While expected to be temporary, these disruptions will negatively impact the
Marine Technology Business’s sales, its ongoing development projects, its results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity in 2021.

NOTE 16 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the Company sold our Orlando property to Blair Cunningham an Officer for $705,000 cash. It was determined that this was a
fair value for the property based on review of comparable sales. The proceeds of sale were used to purchase the current office/manufacturing facility in Orlando.

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated subsequent events occurring through the date that the financial statements were issued, for events requiring, recording or disclosure in the October
31, 2020 consolidated financial statements. Besides the ongoing Pandemic which continues to impact our business, particularly curtailment of our business operations, there are
no other material events or transactions occurring during this period requiring recognition or disclosure.

F-28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-224408; 333-233524; and No. 333-236029) and Form S-8 (No. 333-
227704) of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. of our report dated January 28, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended October 31, 2020
and 2019, of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. which are part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Exhibit 23.1

/s/ Frazier & Deeter, LLC
Frazier & Deeter, LLC
Tampa, Florida
January 28, 2021

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

I, Annmarie Gayle and Mike Midgley, certify that:

1. We have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Coda Octopus Group, Inc.:

2. Based on our knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of

the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on our knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results

of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and we are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-

15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision, to  ensure  that  material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which
this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  or  caused  such  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  to  be  designed  under our  supervision,  to  provide
reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally
accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure

controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal  quarter  (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially  affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and we have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control  over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors

and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect

the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 28, 2021

Date: January 28, 2021

/s/ Annmarie Gayle

/s/ Michael Midgley

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32

In  connection  with  the  annual  report  of  Coda  Octopus  Group,  Inc.  (the  “Company”)  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  October  31,  2020  as  filed  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Annmarie Gayle, Chief Executive Officer, and I, Michael Midgley, Chief Financial Officer, certify pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

(1) This report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Annmarie Gayle
Chief Executive Officer

Date: January 28, 2021

/s/ Michael Midgley
  Chief Financial Officer

  Date: January 28, 2021