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FY2001 Annual Report · Commonwealth Bank of Australia
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Commonwealth Bank of Australia
ACN 123 123 124

Annual Report 2001

Table of Contents

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Results Overview.............................................................................................................................................................................4

Group Performance Summary ........................................................................................................................................................6

Strategy............................................................................................................................................................................................9
Outlook Statement...........................................................................................................................................................................9

Main Financial Indicators...............................................................................................................................................................10
Banking Performance Summary ...................................................................................................................................................13

Banking – Business Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................15
Banking Analysis of Performance

Net Interest Income..............................................................................................................................................................18
Group Interest Margins and Spreads ..................................................................................................................................19

Other Banking Operating Income ........................................................................................................................................20

Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts ....................................................................................................................................21
Provisions for Impairment ....................................................................................................................................................21

Funds Management - Business Analysis .....................................................................................................................................22
Life Insurance - Business Analysis ...............................................................................................................................................25

Summary of Life Insurance and Funds Management Valuations................................................................................................27
Group Operating Expenses...........................................................................................................................................................28

Other Group Items .........................................................................................................................................................................29

Integrated Risk Management

Risk Management ................................................................................................................................................................31

Credit Risk ............................................................................................................................................................................31
Market Risk...........................................................................................................................................................................31

Operational Risk...................................................................................................................................................................32
Insurance Risk......................................................................................................................................................................33

Derivatives............................................................................................................................................................................33
Business Continuity Management.......................................................................................................................................33

Government Guarantee.................................................................................................................................................................33

Credit Rating ..................................................................................................................................................................................33
Capital Adequacy...........................................................................................................................................................................34

Description of Business Environment ...........................................................................................................................................35
Corporate Governance..................................................................................................................................................................38

Directors’ Report............................................................................................................................................................................41
Five Year Financial Summary .......................................................................................................................................................47

Financial Statements

Statements of Financial Performance .................................................................................................................................50
Statements of Financial Position .........................................................................................................................................51

Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity ................................................................................................................52
Statements of Cash Flows ...................................................................................................................................................53

Notes to the Financial Statements ......................................................................................................................................54

Directors’ Declaration ..................................................................................................................................................................151

Independent Audit Report ...........................................................................................................................................................152

Shareholding Information ............................................................................................................................................................153

2

Introduction

The  Management  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  the  Group’s  results  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2001  that  follows
compares  the  current  year  income  and  expenses  to  proforma  30  June  2000  information.  The  proforma  data  combines
Colonial  normalised  results  with  Commonwealth  actual  results.  It  is  considered  that  analysis  on  this  basis  is  more
meaningful.

The statutory  financial statements, that follow  the  Management  Discussion  and  Analysis  (on  pages  4  to  30),  are  all

actual results for the Commonwealth Bank Group for each of the years presented.

3

Results Overview

(Except where otherwise stated, all figures relate to
the  year  ended  30 June  2001  and  comparatives  for  the
profit  and  loss  are  to  the  proforma  combination  of  the
Commonwealth Bank Group and Colonial Limited for the
year ended 30 June 2000.)

For 

the  year  ended  30  June  2001, 

the
Commonwealth  Bank  Group  recorded  a  net  operating
profit after income tax of $2,398 million.

The  net  operating  profit  (‘cash  basis’)  for  the  year
ended  30  June  2001  after  tax,  and  before  goodwill
amortisation  and  appraisal  value  uplift  is  $2,262  million.
This  is  an  increase  of  $194  million  or  9%  over  the  year
ended 30 June 2000.

A  fully  franked  dividend  of  75  cents  per  ordinary
share  will  be  paid  on  8  October  2001  to  owners  of
ordinary  shares  at  the  close  of  business  on  27  August
2001.

On  a  cash  basis,  the  dividend  payout  ratio  for  the
year  is  75.5%  down  from  85.3%  for  the  prior  year.  The
prior  year  ratio  was  inflated  by  the  dividend  payment  to
Colonial  shareholders  with  only  17  days  of  Colonial
contribution included in the Group result.

The Group result comprised:

Segment profit after tax
- Banking
- Funds Management
- Life Insurance
Net operating profit after tax and
before goodwill amortisation
and appraisal value uplift

Banking

$M

1,793
149
320

up 12%
up 34%
down 12%

2,262

up 9%

The contribution to profit after tax from the  Group’s
banking  businesses  increased  to  $1,793  million,  12%
over the prior year, reflecting:
(cid:1) 

Net  interest  income  growth  of  $318  million  or  8%,
which  was  achieved  through  an  8%  growth  in
average interest earning assets  compared  with  the
prior year and a stable net interest margin of 2.78%.
Other banking income growth of $203 million or 9%,
notwithstanding  a  reduction  in  lending  fees  as
a result  of  discounted  and  nil  home 
loan
establishment fee offers.
Tax  benefits  totalling  $84  million  with  $30  million
relating  to  the  effect  of 
the  reduction  in  the
corporate  tax  rate  on  current  year  income  tax  and
deferred 
increased
recoupment  of  prior  year,  unrecognised  tax  losses
of $54 million.

tax  balances,  and 

the 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Funds Management

The contribution to profit after tax from the  Group’s
funds management businesses increased to $149 million,
34%  over  the  prior  year.  Funds  under  management
(FUM)  (excluding  life  insurance  FUM)  have  grown  by
18%  to  $77  billion,  contributing  to  a  29%  increase  in
funds  management  income,  partly  offset  by  increased
volume  related  expenses  such  as  sales  and  processing
costs.  The  funds  management  business  also  manages
internal funds of $24 billion on behalf of the life insurance
businesses of the Group.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Life Insurance

The  contribution  from  life  insurance  to  profit  after
tax was down $43 million to $320 million, 12%  less than
the  prior  year.  This  result  reflects  lower  investment
earnings on shareholders  funds  which have reduced the
after tax profit from life insurance by $17 million, together
with the effect of poor persistency and claims experience
in Asia and New Zealand.

Group Expenses

Operating  expenses  across  the  Group  increased
7%  or  $348  million  to  $5,170  million.  The  increase
includes the effect of GST of $111 million and expenses
from acquired and developing businesses of $90 million.
The  merger  of  the  Colonial  and  Commonwealth  Group
businesses 
realised  approximately  $120  million  of
expense  savings  in  the  current  year.  Excluding  these
items, expenses increased by 5.5%, reflecting a 4% wage
increase  as  a  result  of  a  domestic  enterprise  bargaining
related
arrangement  and 
expenses 
international
business.

increased  sales  volume 

the  domestic  and 

in  both 

Bad  debt  expense  increased  by  $75  million  to
$385 million due to the stage of the credit cycle. Provision
coverage ratios have remained strong.

Income Tax

Income tax expense has reduced by $190 million to
$993  million,  16%  less  than  the  prior  year.  Of  this
reduction,  $93  million  relates  to  tax  on  behalf  of  life
insurance  policyholders.  The  balance  of  $97  million
primarily results from the 2 percentage points reduction in
the corporate tax rate to 34% and utilisation of previously
unrecognised tax losses.

The components of the segment results are detailed

below:

Banking(1)
Total operating income
Net interest income
Other operating income
Operating expenses
Bad debt charge
Income tax expense
Operating profit after tax
Net interest margin

Lending assets
(net of securitisation) (2)
Average interest earning assets

Funds Management
Operating income (3)
Operating expenses
Income tax expense
Operating profit after tax

Funds under management (4)
- Retail
- Wholesale
- Life insurance

Life Insurance
Operating margin
- Australia and New Zealand
- Asia
Investment earnings on assets in
excess of policyholder liabilities
Operating profit after tax

Life insurance assets

$M
6,855
4,474
2,381
3,958
385
705
1,793
2.78%

$B
150
161

$M
739
496
94
149
$B
101
34
43
24

$M

213
(21)

126
320
$B
39

up 8%
up 8%
up 9%
up 9%
up 24%
down 6%
up 12%
down 1
basis point

up 3%
up 8%

up 29%
up 21%
up 81%
up 34%

up 15%
up 38%
up 6%
up 7%

down 4%
down $17m

down 12%
down 12%

up 18%

4

Results Overview

Appraisal Value Uplift(5)

For the year ended 30 June 2001, appraisal values
of the  life  insurance  and  funds  management  businesses
increased by $1,267 million. Of the increase, $423 million
comprised  net  profit  of  the  businesses,  $806  million
represented the appraisal value uplift and the balance of
$38  million  represented  the  net  capital  movements.  The
appraisal  value  uplift  comprises  two  elements.  Firstly,
$332  million  arising  from  realised  Colonial  integration
synergy  benefits  relating  to  the  life  insurance  and  funds
management businesses which have been offset directly
against goodwill; and secondly, $474 million of operating
appraisal value uplift reflected in profit.

Goodwill Amortisation

The  goodwill  amortisation  charged  in  determining

the result for the year was $338 million.

Key Performance Measures

Return on equity
(before abnormals)
Return on equity
(cash basis)

Earnings per share
(cents)
(before abnormals)(6)
Earnings per share
(cents)
(cash basis)(6)
Total assets held and
funds under
management(6)

13.50%

Refer Note (7)

12.83%

up 0.37
percentage
points

190

up 5 cents

179

down 2 cents

$307bn

up 8.4%

As expected, the purchase of Colonial has resulted
in a dilution of EPS (cash basis) during the first year. With
the  major  integration  milestones  now  achieved  future
results will benefit as the cost and revenue synergies are
realised.

Integration of Colonial

the
Significant  progress  has  been  made  on 
integration  of  the  Colonial  businesses  into  the  Group.
Based on the work completed to date, cost and revenue
synergies  are  expected  to  exceed  the  business  case
estimate  of  $380  million.  The  current  forecast  of  the
annualised  synergies  that  will  be  realised  when  the
integration is completed (by 30 June 2003) is of the order
of $450 million.

Additional  costs  associated  with  the  integration
work  were  identified  during  the  year  resulting  in  a
$145 million increase in the provision for integration costs
(before  tax),  bringing  total  once  off  integration  costs  to
$545 million (Refer page 29 for detail).

The major milestone achieved during the  year  was
the  integration  of  Colonial  State  Bank,  which  involved
combining the distribution networks and the conversion of
the  Colonial 
equivalent
systems 
Commonwealth Bank product systems.

product 

to 

A new network staffing  structure  was  introduced  in
October  2000,  integrating  the  most  effective  sales  and
service  elements  of  Commonwealth  Bank  and  Colonial
into a single, streamlined and customer focussed delivery
system.  Along  with  this  new  structure,  367  Colonial
the
branches  were  amalgamated  or  absorbed 
Commonwealth  Bank  branch  network  and  two  new  call
centres were established.

into 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Includes General Insurance.
Net of loans securitised of $6,773 million ($3,006 million at 30 June 2000).
Includes internal income.
Includes internal and external FUM.
AASB 1038 requires that all investments owned by a life company be recorded at market value.  The ‘appraisal value
uplift’ is the periodic movement in the Balance Sheet asset ‘excess of market value over net assets’.
Comparison with actual 30 June 2000.
Proforma results have only been prepared on a cash basis.

5

Group Performance Summary

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group
30/06/00(4)
$M

30/06/01
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
Actual vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

30/06/00
$M

Profit and Loss - Summary
Operating profit after tax (’cash basis (1) ’)
Operating profit after tax and abnormal items

2,262
2,068
2,398 Refer note (5)

Income
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Other banking operating income
Total banking income
Life insurance income (6)
Funds management income
Total Income

Expenses
Operating expenses
- existing operations
- business acquisitions and GST, net of synergies (2)
Total operating expenses
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Total Expenses

Operating profit before goodwill amortisation,
appraisal value uplift, abnormal items and
income tax
Income tax expense (6)
Operating profit after income tax
Outside equity interests (3)
Operating profit after income tax and before
goodwill amortisation, appraisal value uplift and
abnormal items
Abnormal items
Income tax credit on abnormal items
Appraisal value uplift
Goodwill amortisation
Operating profit after income tax attributable to
shareholders of the Bank

Contributions to profit (after tax)
Banking
Life insurance
Funds management
Profit after tax from operations (’cash basis (1) ’)
Goodwill amortisation
Appraisal value uplift
Operating profit after income tax and before abnormal items
Abnormal items after tax
Operating profit after income tax

11,900
7,426
4,474
2,381
6,855
1,268
701
8,824

5,089
81
5,170
385
5,555

3,269
993
2,276
(14)

10,402
6,246
4,156
2,178
6,334
1,557
541
8,432

4,822
-
4,822
310
5,132

3,300
1,183
2,117
(49)

2,262

2,068
- Refer note (5)
"
-
"
474
"
(338)

2,398

"

1,594
1,793
363
320
111
149
2,262
2,068
(338) Refer note (5)
"
"
"
"

474
2,398
-
2,398

9

14
19
8
9
8
(19)
30
5

6
-
7
24
8

(1)
(16)
8
(71)

9

12
(12)
34
9

1,678
2,700

8,842
5,123
3,719
1,951
5,670
326
143
6,139

3,407
-
3,407
196
3,603

2,536
820
1,716
(38)

1,678
967
20
92
(57)

2,700

1,513
129
36
1,678
(57)
92
1,713
987
2,700

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

‘Cash basis’ for the purpose of this performance summary is defined as net profit after tax and before abnormal items,
goodwill amortisation and life insurance and funds management appraisal value uplift.
Business acquisitions include costs associated with acquisitions in the prior year including State Street Master custody
operations, Trust Bank and the development of European Banking which increased expenses by $90 million, and net
GST  of  $111  million.  Offset  against  this  figure  are  the  Colonial  integration  expense  synergies  achieved  to  date  of
$120 million.
Primarily  includes  25%  outside  equity  interest  in  the  ASB  Group.  In  August  2000  the  Group  purchased  this  25%
interest.
Proforma  Group  represents  the  combined  results  of  Commonwealth  Bank  and  Colonial  for  the  year  ended  30  June
2000. The Colonial results have been adjusted for abnormal items and other items not considered part of the ongoing
operations.
Proforma results have only been prepared on a ‘cash basis’.
Included within life insurance income is $94 million of tax relating to policyholder income (30 June 2000: $187 million).
This item is also included in the income tax line in the above profit and loss. The net impact on the net profit after tax is
therefore nil.

6

Group Performance Summary

As at

Balance Sheet - Summary
Total Assets
Total Liabilities
Shareholders’ Equity

Assets held and Funds under management
On Balance Sheet
Banking assets
Life insurance funds under management
Other life insurance and funds management assets

Off Balance Sheet
Funds under management (1)

Banking Assets
Life insurance and funds management assets
External funds under management

Shareholder Summary
Dividends per share (cents) - fully franked
Dividends provided for, reserved or paid ($million)
Dividend cover (times - before abnormals)
Dividend cover (times - cash)
Earnings per share (cents) (2)
(basic & fully diluted)
  before abnormal items
  after abnormal items
  cash basis (4)
Dividend payout ratio (%) (3)
  before abnormal items
  after abnormal items
  cash basis (4)
Net tangible assets per share ($)
Weighted average number of shares (basic)
Shares at end of period
Number of shareholders
Share prices for the period ($)
  Trading high
  Trading low
  End (closing price)

30/06/01
$M

230,411
210,563
19,848

191,333
24,527
14,551
230,411

76,954
307,365

191,333
39,078
76,954
307,365

30/06/00
$M

218,259
199,824
18,435

185,108
22,916
10,235
218,259

65,266
283,525

185,108
33,151
65,266
283,525

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
%

6
5
8

3
7
42
6

18
8

3
18
18
8

Full Year Ended
30/06/01

30/06/00

30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
%

5
20
17
(7)

136
1,720
1.4
1.3

190
190
179

71.2
71.2
75.5
10.19
1,260m
1,244m
709,647

34.15
26.18
34.15

130
1,431
1.2
1.4

185
291
181

83.5
53.0
85.3
9.18
927m
1,260m
788,791

27.95
22.54
27.69

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

funds  management  balances  exclude  $9.5  billion

In  accordance  with  ASSIRT  reporting  requirements  the 
(2000: $8 billion) in funds under overlay management by Tactical Global Management.
Calculated in accordance with AASB 1027: Earnings per Share.
Dividends paid divided by earnings. The comparative ratios have been amended to the same basis as the current year.
Previously  this  ratio  was  calculated  as  Dividend  per  share  divided  by  Earnings  per  share.  Excludes  dividends  on
preference shares of $9 million.
‘Cash basis’ for the purpose of this performance summary is defined as net profit after tax and before abnormal items,
before  goodwill  amortisation  and  life  insurance  and  funds  management  appraisal  value  uplift.  The  30  June  2000
dividend payout ratio was inflated by the payment of the final dividend to Colonial shareholders, but the Colonial Group
only contributed 17 days profit to the 30 June 2000 result.

7

Group Performance Summary

Performance Ratios (%)
Return on average shareholders’ equity (1)

before abnormal items
after abnormal items
cash basis

Return on average total assets (2)

before abnormal items
after abnormal items
cash basis

Capital adequacy - Tier 1
Capital adequacy - Tier 2
Deductions
Capital adequacy - Total

Productivity
Cost to total average assets ratio (3)
Cost to assets held and funds under management (3)
Staff expense/Total operating income (4)
Total operating income per FTE (5)

Cost to income ratios (%)
Banking
Funds management
Life insurance

Other Information (numbers)
Full time staff
Part time staff
Full time staff equivalent

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group(6)
30/06/00
%

Refer note (7)
Refer note (7)
12.46

Refer note (7)
Refer note (7)
1.03
7.49
4.75
(2.49)
9.75

30/06/01
%

13.50
13.50
12.83

1.07
1.07
1.01
6.51
4.18
(1.53)
9.16

30/06/00
%

22.06
34.78
21.61

1.08
1.70
1.06
7.49
4.75
(2.49)
9.75

2.30
1.75
26.75
$252,400

2.40
1.83
n/a
$227,088

2.15
1.85
27.77
$211,842

57.70
67.10
59.50

31,976
7,161
34,960

57.40
71.60
52.10

34,154
7,383
37,131

55.80
67.30
46.00

34,154
7,383
37,131

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Ratio based on operating profit after tax and outside equity interest applied to average shareholders equity, excluding
outside equity interests.
Based  on  operating  profit  after  tax  and  outside  equity  interest.  Averages  are  based  on  beginning  and  end  of  year
balances. 30 June 2000 includes Colonial assets weighted for the 17 days from 13 June 2000 to 30 June 2000.
30 June 2000 includes Colonial assets weighted for the 17 days from 13 June 2000 to 30 June 2000.
The effect of lower investment earnings and MOS profits in the current year increased this ratio over the prior year.
30 June 2000 includes Colonial FTE staff numbers weighted for the 17 days from 13 June 2000 to 30 June 2000.
Proforma  Group  represents  the  combined  results  of  Commonwealth  Bank  and  Colonial  for  the  year  ended  30  June
2000.
Proforma results have only been prepared on a cash basis.

8

Strategy and Outlook

Overview of Group

Outlook Statement

Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia  provides  a  wide
range of banking, financial and related services primarily
in  Australia  and  New  Zealand.  These  services  include
personal, business and corporate banking,  life  insurance
and  funds  management.  On  13  June  2000  the  Group
acquired  100%  of  Colonial  Limited  (Colonial)  a  life
insurance,  banking  and 
funds  management  group.
Colonial  had  operations  in  Australia,  New  Zealand,  the
United Kingdom and throughout Asia and the Pacific.

The  Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia  became  the
successor in law to the State Bank of New South Wales
(known as Colonial State Bank) and to all the assets and
liabilities of State Bank of New South Wales effective on
4 June 2001 pursuant to legislation.

Strategic Initiatives

The  demand  for  banking  and  financial  services  is

the
is  also

being driven by three major forces:
(cid:1) 

The  convergence  of  technology  and  information,
with the Internet a significant influence.
The need to provide relevant long term savings and
investment products for an ageing population.
The  need  to  satisfy  the  day  to  day  individual
requirements of personal and business customers.
Changing  customer  needs 

is  heightening 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

demand 
encouraging demands for more regulation.

information  and  advice,  but 

for 

A  more  challenging,  uncertain  environment,
continuing  pressure  on  margins  and  a  weaker  domestic
currency, each pose significant challenges.

Within  this  globalising  yet  more  customer  focused
environment,  the  Group’s  major  assets  are  its  domestic
scale and management capabilities, a pre-eminent brand
and a strong, diversified business mix.

Consistent with this context, the Group’s vision is to
be  recognised  as  having  the  best  brands  in  helping
customers manage and build wealth.

A set of business goals underpins the achievement
of the Group’s vision. Each operating division in turn has
a  series  of  strategies  that  are  consistent  with,  and
directed at  the  collective  achievement  of  those  business
goals, which are to:
(cid:1) 

Provide  customised  service  to  grow  revenue  per
customer.
Develop best team.
Develop offshore opportunities.
Achieve global best-practice costs.
The  strategic  emphasis  is  on  wealth  management
services  that  are  aligned  to  customers’  needs,  and  the
use  of 
improve  both  service  and
productivity.

technology 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

to 

Recovery  in  the  major  global  economies  continues
to be uncertain putting at risk the sustainability of current
growth  rates  in  Australia,  even  with  a  historically  low
exchange rate. Interest rates are expected to remain low,
around the levels of the past six months. Equities markets
will  continue  to  reflect  uncertainty  about  the  global
economy and corporate earnings.

Credit quality  in  the business sector is expected  to
continue  to  weaken  reflecting  the  normal  lag  from  an
economic slow-down. However, low interest rates should
moderate the severity of the credit cycle.

Uncertainty  in  the  equities  markets  may  affect
investment  returns  in  the  insurance  businesses  and
dampen  revenue  on  investment  management  activities;
however,  continued  strong  growth  of  retail  funds  should
be achieved in the  light  of  the  current  momentum  in  the
business  and  Government  policy  on  superannuation.
Lending  volumes  are  expected  to  continue  at  recently
achieved  growth  rates,  supported  by  low  interest  rates
and  reasonable  demand  for  credit.  However,  bank
margins are expected to continue to decline reflecting the
competitive environment witnessed over recent years.

With  the  successful  completion  of 

the  critical
phases of the Colonial integration, the Bank is positioned
to achieve the benefits of integration synergies. The Bank
also  expects  that  its  strategic  investments,  including  the
Colonial  merger,  will  improve  its  competitive  position  by
enhancing customer service, revenue and efficiency.

Directors  expect  that  the  Group  will  continue  to
maintain  a  high  ratio  of  dividends  to  cash  earnings
relative to peer financial institutions.

9

Main Financial Indicators

Graphs presented in this section include half yearly
comparisons with prior years on a proforma basis  where
this information displays a more relevant trend.

Net Operating Profit (Cash basis)
(cid:1) 

The  Group  recorded  a  net  operating  profit  before
goodwill  amortisation  and  appraisal  value  uplift  for
the  year  of  $2,262  million.  This  result  represents
a 9% increase over last year.
The  result  for  the  six  months  to  30  June  2001  of
$1,153 million represents  an  increase  of  11%  over
the prior comparative period.

Operating Income
(cid:1) 

for 

interest 

the  year  was

income  of  $4,474  represents  an

Total  operating 
income 
$8,824 million, an increase of 5% over last year.
Net 
increase of 8% over last year.
Other  banking  operating  income  of  $2,381  million,
represents an increase of 9% over last year.
External funds management income of $701 million
(before  $38  million  of  internal  income)  represents
an increase of 30% over last year.
Life  insurance  income  of  $1,268  million  represents
a decline of 19% over last year.

Cost Ratios
(cid:1) 

The  Banking  cost  income  ratio  has  declined  from
59% for the half  year ended June 2000 to 58%  for
the current half year.
The  funds  management  cost  income  ratio  has
declined  from  70%  in  the  half  year  ended  June
2000 to 68% for the current half year. The increase
in the ratio over the past six months reflects one off
costs  incurred  in  aligning  Stewart  Ivory  with  the
Colonial business in the United Kingdom.
The life  insurance  cost  income  ratio  has  increased
from 53% for the half year ended June 2000 to 60%
for  the  current  half  year  due  to  lower  investment
earnings  and  poor  persistency  and  claims
experience in Asia and New Zealand.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

1,033

1,035

1,109

1,153

Proforma Dec 99 Proforma Jun 00

Dec-00

Jun-01

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

M
$

70%

59%

53%

66%

60%

58%

68%

60%

58%

73%

56%

52%

75%

70%

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

Proform a Dec 99

Proform a Jun 00

D ec-00

Jun-01

Banking

Life Insurance

Funds Managem ent

10

Main Financial Indicators

Lending Assets Growth

Lending assets spot balances (net of securitisation)
have increased by $5 billion or 3% over the prior financial
year.  The  majority  of  this  growth  has  been  achieved  in
housing  during  the  six  months  ending  June  2001,  and
reflects  improved  market  conditions  and  the  effect  of
Group strategic initiatives.

Funds Under Management
(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Total  funds  under  management  (FUM)  at  30  June
2001 were $101 billion, a 15% increase for the year.
Total  FUM  consists  of  $77  billion  in  external  FUM
and  $24  billion  in  FUM  managed  on  behalf  of  the
life insurance business (Refer table on page 23).
Retail  FUM  (including  international  funds)  have
increased by $10 billion or 42% for the year.
(cid:1)  Wholesale FUM (including international funds) have
increased by $2 billion or 6% over the year.
The  Group’s 
$74 billion of assets.

custody  business  administers

(cid:1) 

Note:

(1) 

(2)

(3)

Internal  Managed  Life  FUM  relates  to  the  funds
managed  for  the  Life  Insurance  businesses  of  the
Group.
Total FUM as reported by ASSIRT is re``presented
by  Retail,  Wholesale  and  Internal  FUM,  excluding
$3 billion of international funds.
The Wholesale balance of FUM has been adjusted
due to the change in ASSIRT policy of reporting the
Tactical  Global  Management  fund  under  overlay
management on a cash basis from March 2001, as
opposed  to  reporting  the  total  market  exposure.
the  wholesale  balance  has  been
As a  result 
reduced by $9.5 billion (2000: $8 billion).

11

Main Financial Indicators

Shareholder Returns

Earnings Per Share

Earnings  per  share  is  up  3  cents  in  the  half  year
ended  June  2001  compared  with  the  first  half.  This
reflects the progressive realisation  of  synergies  from  the
Colonial integration.

Return on Equity
(cid:1) 

Return  on  Equity  (before  abnormals)  for  the  half
year  ended  June  2001  has  increased  by  1.52
percentage  points  over 
the  half  year  ended
December  2000  from  12.74%  to  14.26%.  The
annual  return  on  equity  before  abnormals  was
13.50%.
Return  on  Equity  (cash  basis)  for  the  half  year
ended  30  June  2001  has  increased  by  0.64
percentage  points  over 
the  half  year  ended
31 December  2000  from  12.46%  to  13.10%.  The
annual return on equity (cash basis) was 12.83%.

(cid:1) 

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

100

23.07%

22.58%

21.19%

20.78%

EPS
c

75

50

25

0

12.74%

12.46%

14.26%

13.10%

90

91

88

91

Dec-99

Jun-00

Dec-00

Jun-01

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

ROE

Earning per share - cash basis

ROE - cash basis

ROE - before abnormals

Share Price Performance

Total  Shareholder  Return  (TSR)  is  calculated  using  movements  in  the  share  price  assuming  all  dividends  are

reinvested. The five year return to 30 June 2001 is 34.2%.

%

50

40

30

20

10

Jun-97 Dec-97

Jun-98 Dec-98

Jun-99 Dec-99

Jun-00 Dec-00

Jun-01

Total Shareholder Return (TSR) for 5 years (%)

Average TSR (ANZ, NAB, Westpac)

12

Banking Performance Summary

The contribution from the Group’s banking business has increased 12% over the prior year to $1,793 million, with net
interest earnings increasing by 8% to $4,474 million and other banking income increasing by 9% to $2,381 million. Average
interest earning assets have increased by 8% over the prior year to $161 billion. Underlying profit, before tax and bad debts
has increased by 7% over the prior year to $2,897 million.

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group(3)
30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

Operating Profit after Tax from operations (1)

1,793

1,594

1,513

Lending Assets (2)
Average interest earning assets (6)
Average interest bearing liabilities
Risk weighted assets
Net impaired assets

Performance Ratios (%)
Net interest margin
General provision/Risk weighted assets
Total provisions/Gross Impaired assets
(net of interest reserved)
Non-interest income/Total operating income
Cost to average assets ratio
Cost to income ratio (4)

Other Information (numbers)
Branches/service centres (Australia) (8)
Agencies (Australia) (7)
ATMs (9)
EFTPOS terminals
EzyBanking sites

Banking Margin(5)

The  ratio  of  total  banking  income  to  average  total
banking  assets  (including  securitisation)  has  declined  at
an increasing rate from 4.36% at 30 June 1996 to 3.58%
for  the  year  ended  30  June  2001.  This  reflects  how  net
interest  margins  have  decreased  over  this  period,  but
have only been partly offset by increases in other sources
of  banking  income,  leading  to  the  lower  net  cost  of
banking to customers.

this, 

Despite 

tax  has
continued  to  grow,  reflecting  strong  asset  growth,  new
service lines and cost efficiencies.

the  Group’s  profit  after 

12

3
8
7
8
(27)

(5)

41
1
-
1

149,776
160,607
145,978
138,383
415

145,159
149,106
135,801
128,484
572

145,159
129,163
117,075
128,484
572

2.78
1.01

251.6
34.7
2.1
57.7

2.79
1.06

178.3
34.4
2.1
57.4

2.88
1.06

178.3
34.2
2.0
55.8

1,066
3,928
3,910
122,074
659

1,441
4,020
4,141
116,064
603

1,441
4,020
4,141
116,064
603

4.36%

4.09%

4.02%

3.94%

3.76%

3.58%

6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0%

Jun-96

Jun-97

Jun-98

Jun-99

Jun-00

Jun-01

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Represents operating profit after tax and outside equity interest and before goodwill amortisation and abnormal items.
The 30 June 2000 result includes $6 million of Colonial profit for the period 13 June 2000 to 30 June 2000.
Lending Assets represents loans, advances and receivables and bank acceptances excluding provisions for bad and
doubtful  debts  and  securitised  balances.  Securitised  balances  are  not  included  in  lending  assets  and  amounted  to
$6.8 billion as at 30 June 2001 compared to $3.0 billion as at 30 June 2000.
Proforma Group represents the combined balances of the Commonwealth Bank and Colonial State Bank for the year
ended 30 June 2000.
The factors affecting the Group and banking cost to income ratio are discussed on page 28.
Banking Margin represents total Banking income divided by total average Banking assets.
Interest earning assets increased significantly in the latter half of the June 2000 year. This increase did not have a large
impact on average assets for the prior year but resulted in a much higher average interest earning asset balance for the
current year.
Includes Australia Post and private agencies.
Comparatives  have  been  restated  for  a  definitional  change  where  Colonial  single  point  operators  have  been
reclassified to branches.
Includes third party ATMs.

13

Banking Performance Summary

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Major Balance Sheet Items

As at

Loans, advances and other receivables (1)
Gross Housing
Securitisation
Housing (net of securitisation)
Personal
Business
Corporate
Bank acceptances
Total lending assets

Trading securities
Corporate

Deposits and other public borrowings
Personal
Business
Corporate

Debt issues
Corporate

30/06/01
$M

30/06/00(3)
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
%

80,284
(6,773)
73,511
7,768
32,224
24,198
12,075
149,776

73,744
(3,006)
70,738
8,533
32,437
22,343
11,108
145,159

6,909

7,347

58,620
16,351
42,384
117,355

56,337
14,056
42,201
112,594

24,484

25,275

9
large
4
(9)
(1)
8
9
3

(6)

4
16
0
4

(3)

Detailed analysis of the above is provided in Banking - Business Analysis.

(1)

Loan balances are before provisions for impairment.

Operating Profit Summary

Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Other operating income
Total operating income
Operating expenses
Underlying profit
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Operating profit before abnormal items,
goodwill amortisation and income tax
Income tax expense
Outside equity interests
Operating profit after income tax, before
abnormal items and goodwill amortisation

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group(2)
30/06/00
$M

10,402
6,246
4,156
2,178
6,334
3,633
2,701
310

2,391
748
49

1,594

30/06/01
$M

11,900
7,426
4,474
2,381
6,855
3,958
2,897
385

2,512
705
14

1,793

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

8,842
5,123
3,719
1,951
5,670
3,164
2,506
196

2,310
759
38

1,513

14
19
8
9
8
9
7
24

5
(6)
(71)

12

Detailed analysis of the components of Banking Operating Profit is provided in Banking Analysis of Performance.

(2)

(3)

Proforma Group represents the combined balances of the banking operations of Commonwealth Bank and Colonial for
the year ended 30 June 2000.
Prior year figures have been adjusted to align with categories as at 30 June 2001 following the amalgamation of
Colonial operations and product systems.

14

Deposit Products

As at 30 June 2001, the Group’s retail deposit base
in  Australia  stood  at  approximately  $58.6  billion,  a  4%
increase  from  June  2000.  The  Group  is  the  largest
acceptor  of  retail  deposits  in  Australia  with  a  market
share  of  24.0%  at  June  2001  compared  with  25.3%  at
June  2000  (Source:  APRA  All  banks).  However,  there
was a planned reduction due to the non-renewal of some
high cost Colonial certificates of deposit with consequent
benefits to interest margins.

Share Trading

Commonwealth  Securities  maintained  its  position
as the leading broker in Australia in terms of the number
of  transactions.  The  total  number  of  clients  increased
over the year from 537,000 to 652,000 at 30 June 2001.
Over 80% of CommSec trades are now conducted online
with the balance by telephone. Service and efficiency has
been  improved  through  the  launch  of  initiatives  such  as
Voice Broker, a speech recognition system and enhanced
Straight Through Processing across all channels.

Business Products

Business Lending

At 30 June 2001, total Business Lending (excluding
to  $32.2  billion,

bank  acceptances)  amounted 
representing a marginal decline during the year.

Corporate Products

Lending 

balances 

Corporate 

to
$24.2 billion at 30 June 2001, representing an increase of
8% or $2 billion during the year. Corporate Deposits have
risen  slightly  at  30  June  2001  to  $42.4  billion  (including
certificates of deposit).

amounted 

The  Group’s  Institutional  Banking  Division  services
the Group’s corporate clients  with  turnover  of  more  than
$40  million  per  annum,  Government  entities  and  other
major  financial  institutions.  The  products  offered  include
financial  markets, 
securities
corporate 
underwriting, trading and  distribution,  equities,  payments
and  transaction  services,  investment  management  and
custody.  Many  of  these  products  are  offered  globally  to
match the international operations of the Group’s clients.
Highlights during the year included the following:

finance, 

Financial Markets
There  was  a  strong  growth  in  the  contribution  of
Financial  Markets  with  Trading  income  up  30%  due  to
increased  volume  of  client  transactions  and  underlying
market volatility.

Financial Markets continues to offer a wide range of
innovative  risk  management  solutions  to  clients.  New
developments  this  year  included  various  energy  risk
management  transactions  for  clients  using  swaps  and
options,  the  development  of  products  related  to  the
environment 
the  creation  of  a  consumer
the  Australian
oriented 
Greenhouse  Office,  and  the  continual  development  of
financial risk management products including Best of Two
Asset Options, Margin Locks, Floating Rate Par Forwards
and Average Strike Options.

labelling  programme  with 

including 

Banking - Business Analysis

(All figures relate to  the year ended 30 June 2001.
All  comparisons  are  to  30  June  2000  unless  otherwise
stated. Market share statistics exclude ASB Bank.)

As  shown  in  the  Banking  Performance  Summary,
total  lending  assets  have  grown  by  $4.6  billion  to
$149.8 billion during  the  year to 30 June 2001. As at  30
June 2001, securitised home loan balances amounted to
$6.8  billion,  an  increase  of  $3.8  billion  over  the  year.
Allowing for this, gross lending assets have increased by
$8.4 billion or 6% since 30 June 2000.

Despite  this growth,  the  market  has  remained  very
competitive  and  the  Group  has  experienced  a  small
decline in market share in the major product groups over
the  year.  During  the  early  part  of  the  year,  while  the
Group focussed on the more complex planning stages of
integration, some business momentum was lost. Over the
second half of the year the Group regained part of this.

An analysis of the areas of growth is detailed below.

Personal Products

Housing Loans

The  Group’s  home  loan  outstandings,  including
securitisation, totalled $80.3 billion at 30 June 2001, a 9%
increase  over 
the  year.  Securitised  balances  were
$6.8 billion  as  at  30  June  2001  compared  to  $3.0  billion
as at 30 June 2000.

Growth  in home  loans  was affected  in  the  first  half
by  the  impact  of  the  GST,  the  Sydney  Olympics  and
significant  growth  in  non-traditional  mortgage  origination
such as mortgage broker channels. However, campaigns
undertaken  to  drive  balance  sheet  growth  resulted  in
stronger  sales  in  the  second  half,  limiting  the  decline  in
the Group’s total market share of home loans, which was
20.3% at June 2001 (source: APRA 06/01).

Personal Lending

Personal  Lending  balances  at  30  June  2001
amounted  to  $7.8  billion,  a  reduction  of  $0.8  billion
compared  with  the  balance  at  30  June  2000.  The
principal  balances  included  within  Personal  Lending  are
credit  card  outstandings  and  personal  loans.  These  are
discussed below.

Credit Cards
Credit card outstandings for  the  Group totalled  just
over $3.8 billion at 30 June 2001, a 9% increase from the
balance of $3.5 billion at 30 June 2000.

The  Group  has  maintained  strong  new  cardholder
the  number  of
the  year  with 
account  growth 
for 
cardholder  accounts 
to  2.8  million.  The
increasing 
number of merchants increased to over 146,000 from last
year  with  growth  encouraged  through  expanded  Internet
services  to  merchants.  The  Group’s  market  share  of
Credit Cards has declined marginally to 26.3% as at May
2001 from 27.8% last year (Source: ABA).

Personal Loans
Personal  loan  outstandings  for  the  Group  totalled
$3.5 billion at 30 June 2001 compared with $4.2 billion as
at 30 June 2000. During the half year to 31 December the
reduction  was  due  partly  to  $0.5  billion  of  loans  to
individuals for infrastructure borrowings which matured.

The  Group  continues  to  hold  the  largest  share  of
the  personal  loan  market  with  21.9%  as  at  June  2001
compared to 23.9% last year (Source: APRA 06/01).

15

Banking – Business Analysis

(cid:1) 

innovative  non-recourse  project 

Corporate Finance
Corporate  Finance  undertook  a  number  of
substantial transactions  in the  twelve months  to 30 June
2001 including:
(cid:1) 
financing
An 
transaction in Victoria for Pulse Energy  to fund  the
acquisition of retail gas and electricity customers in
Victoria.
Joint lead underwriter and arranger of  financing  for
the  Worsley  Alumina
Billiton’s  acquisition  of 
Refinery.
Joint  lead  arranger  for  a  syndicated  facility  for  an
acquisition by CSL Limited.
A  cross  border  leasing  transaction  in  the  United
Kingdom on behalf of the Royal Mail.
Co-arranger  of  a  debt  package  to  support  an
acquisition by Amatek Holdings.
Over  $17  billion  of  capital  was  raised  for  clients  in
the year to 30 June 2001 which represents a 49% growth
on  that  raised  in  the  previous  financial  year.  Of  this
amount 39% was by originations, 36% financing by direct
lending and the balance by syndicated loans and equity.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Equity Capital Markets
The  Group  established  a  position  in  the  equity
capital  markets  during  the  year  and  participated  in
a number of raisings including managing the Initial Public
Offering  of  shares  by  Pan  Pharmaceuticals  and
underwriting  and  distributing  the  Resettable  Preference
Share Issue for Australand Holdings.

Transaction Services
Transaction  Services,  which  provides 

cash
through  corporate
for  clients 
management  solutions 
accounts, 
services,
and 
payments 
experienced  strong  growth  over  the  financial  year.  The
payments business is now positioned as a leader in high
volume payment processing and the Group is the largest
clearer in the domestic market.

information 

Commonwealth Custodial Services
Commonwealth 

Custodial 

has
consolidated its position  in the market  with $74  billion  of
assets under administration at 30 June 2001.

Services 

Customer Service

The  Group  operates  the  largest  financial  services
distribution network in the country, with sales and service
provided through a wide range of direct customer contact,
self-service  and  third  party  channels.  The  integration  of
the Colonial banking operations over 2000/01 has further
expanded  the  range  of  delivery  options  available  to  our
customers. Strategic emphasis is on generating customer
service,  value  and  efficiency  across  the  distribution
network,  with  a  number  of  transformational  changes  to
management  structures  and  systems  over  2000/01
providing a strong platform for future growth.

Direct contact service channels

The  combined  branch  network  of  Commonwealth
and  Colonial  was  reduced  by  375  over  2000/01,  from
1,441  as  at  June  2000 
(1,074  Commonwealth,
367 Colonial)  to  1,066  as  at  June  2001.  Included  in  this
reduction  were  290  integration-related  amalgamations.
In addition,  536  branches  were  refurbished  during  the
year.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

In integrating Colonial operations, a key priority was
to  ensure  that  the  particular  skills  and  competencies  of
both  organisations  were  effectively 
leveraged  going
forward.  A  number  of  former  Colonial  franchisees  have
been  retained  in  key  network  roles,  including  15  in
Regional and Rural locations.

Through integration, a  wider range of branch  types
is now available to customers, with further reconfiguration
of  the  network  planned  to  better  meet  the  needs  of
locations  and  customer  segments.  A  new
specific 
network  structure  introduced  in  October  2000  draws  on
the  best  elements  of  both  organisations  to  improve
alignment  and  customer  focus  in  key  markets.  Together
with  the  implementation  of  a  new  sales  and  service
system  promoting  greater  ownership,
leadership 
accountability  and 
these
changes  are  translating  into  a  more  client  focussed,
efficient, effective and committed delivery network.

for  performance, 

reward 

In  addition  to  branches,  there  were 

important
developments  in  a  number  of  other  direct  customer
the  year.  A  comprehensive
contact  channels  over 
transformation  was 
of  management
structures  and  systems  across  the  Group’s  Business
Banking  arm  thereby  allowing  the  number  of  Business
Banking Centres to be reduced from 97 to 83.

undertaken 

The Group’s mobile banker sales force continues to
play an important role in the home  loan market, meeting
customer  demand 
for  greater  convenience  and
accessibility.  In  support  of  the  Group’s  strategy  to  be
positioned to  meet  the  full  financial  needs  of  customers,
insurance  managers  have  been  appointed,  trained  and
accredited  to  meet  the  insurance  risk  needs  of  the
Commercial  Business,  Middle  Market  and  Personal
Segments.  As  a  result  of  the  Colonial  integration,  the
combined  Financial  Advisor  network  of  Financial
Planners  and  Investment  Consultants  has  expanded  to
670.  This  network  is  fully  accredited  to  sell  a  suite  of
internal and external products.

The  Group’s  direct  customer  contact  network
continues to be augmented by the alliance with Australia
Post.  Personal  Banking  services  are  available  at  3,738
Australia Post agencies across the country, and following
a  successful  trial,  transactional  banking  services  for
business  clients  has  expanded  to  112  Australia  Post
locations.

Electronic and Direct Banking

Customer  usage  of  direct  and  self-service  banking
continues to gain pace. The total number of transactions
performed in direct/electronic channels increased by 22%
over  the  year  while  teller  transactions  continued  to
decline.  As  a  result,  the  proportion  of  total  transactions
carried out in-branch was further reduced, from 18.8% to
15.6% 
registrations
surpassed  1.0  million,  up  from  320,000  last  year.  Over
the  year,  NetBank  processed  some  152  million
transactions, up from 49 million in the previous year. The
Group’s total online customers numbered over 1.5 million
(including  Commonwealth  Securities  Ltd  customers)  at
30 June 2001.

this  year.  NetBank  customer 

Telephone  banking  password  customers  now
exceed 5 million (up 33%). During the year, in excess of
110 million  calls  were  received  on  the  132221  customer
service  line  (up  11%),  peaking  at  2.5  million  calls  per
week.  Two  new  call  centres  were  established  over  the
to  both  meet  public  assurance
year,  designed 
commitments arising from integration and to cater for our
expanding requirements going forward.

16

Banking - Business Analysis

ATM and EFTPOS usage continue to grow strongly,
with  total transactions up 6% and 40% respectively  over
2000/01.  The  group  retains  the  largest  proprietary  ATM
and EFTPOS terminal networks in the country (2,910 and
122,074 
the
transactions of a further 1,000 third party ATMs.

respectively)  plus  acquired 

terminals 

Woolworths EzyBanking

Woolworths  EzyBanking  is  available  through  659
Woolworths  stores  nationally.  Sales  of 
transaction
accounts (Ezy Action) and credit cards (Ezy  Mastercard)
during the year have been above expectations with more
than  425,000  account  holders  signed  up  as  at  30  June
2001. Approximately 35% of these customers are new to
the Commonwealth Bank Group.

Third Party

Through  the  acquisition  of  Colonial  Limited,  the
Group  has  increased  the  range  of  distribution  networks
previously used to include:
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Multi-agents and life brokers.
Authorised financial planners through wholly owned
businesses.
Independent financial planners.
Insurance franchisers.
Mortgage brokers.
Distributors  in  these  new  channels  number  over
5,000.

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

United Kingdom

Given  the  high  level  of  competition,  opportunities
are  being  explored  to  leverage  the  Group’s  presence  in
the  UK  flowing  from  the  Colonial  acquisition.  This  will
involve  merging  the  Newworld  UK  business  with  the
existing UK Wealth Management Business.

New Zealand Banking Operations

Growth 

in  ASB’s  banking  operations  was
particularly  strong  in  relation  to  personal,  business  and
rural  lending.  This  contributed  to  a  total  annual  lending
growth  for  total  loans  of  10%,  compared  to  the  market
annual  growth  rate  of  3.7%  (Source:  PSCR  –  Reserve
Bank of New Zealand). Customer retention and customer
acquisition were important drivers of volume growth, with
the customer base increasing by 2.3% in the past year to
reach over 880,000 customers.

At  30  June  2001,  ASB  Bank  had  total  assets  of
NZ$20.1  billion  (2000:  $17.3  billion),  including  total
advances of NZ$16.2 billion (2000 $14.4 billion).

17

Banking Analysis of Performance

Net Interest Income

Interest Income
Loans
Other financial institutions
Liquid assets
Trading securities
Investment securities
Dividends on redeemable preference shares
Other
Total Interest Income

Interest Expense
Deposits
Other financial institutions
Short term debt issues
Long term debt issues
Loan capital
Other
Total Interest Expense
Net Interest Income

Net Interest Income
30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up 8%)

Net interest income for the year increased by 8% or

$318 million from $4,156 million to $4,474 million.

The  increase  in  net  interest  income  was  the  result
of the growth in net interest earning assets. As shown on
page  13,  average  interest  earning  assets  grew  by
$12 billion  or  8%  from  $149  billion  at  30  June  2000  to
$161 billion at 30 June 2001.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Full Year Ended
Proforma
Group(1)
30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

10,246
280
110
548
655
54
7
11,900

5,042
328
902
759
374
21
7,426
4,474

9,031
198
82
465
598
24
4
10,402

4,386
300
762
560
237
1
6,246
4,156

7,663
191
78
295
586
24
5
8,842

3,773
297
671
171
210
1
5,123
3,719

13
41
34
18
10
large
75
14

15
9
18
36
58
large
19
8

This  generated  additional  net  interest  income  of
$334 million, offset by a small decline  in the  net  interest
margin  from  2.79%  to  2.78%  resulting  in  a  reduction  in
net interest income of $5 million, and a one day variance
in the accounting periods reducing net interest income by
$11 million.

The table below highlights the effect of movements
in net interest earning assets and interest  margin on net
interest income.

Financial Year 2001
vs Proforma Financial Year 2000
$M

Financial Year 2000
vs Financial Year 1999
$M

Full Year
INCREASE/DECREASE

Due to changes in average volume of
interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities
Due to changes in interest margin
Due to days variance in periods
Change in net interest income

The  growth  in  average  interest  earning  assets

reflects:

A  strong  growth  in  home  loans  in  the  latter  half  of
the  year  ended  June  2000  as  the  market  anticipated
increased  prices  following  the  introduction  of  the  GST.
The current financial year had a slow first quarter in home
lending,  where  the  introduction  of  the  GST  and  post
Olympic  factors  contributed  to  softer  market  conditions.
This  was  compounded  by  unexpected  growth  in  the
volume  of  originations  through  mortgage  brokers.  Home
loan volumes picked up strongly over  the rest of the year
as  a  result  of  an  extensive  advertising  campaign
supported  by  nil  establishment 
fee  offers,  and  an
improvement in market conditions.

334
(5)
(11)
318

424
(232)
-
192

While  market  share  declined  across  a  number  of
products,  growth  in  balances  over  the  final  months
reflected a strong level of home loan approvals.

Commercial  lending  had  a  slow  first  half,  however
during the second half volumes improved providing clear
indications  that  the  extensive  rebuilding  programme
undertaken across the network during 2000/01  is  driving
improved results.

The  acquisition  of  Trust  Bank  during  the  prior
financial  year  contributed  to  the  current  year  growth  in
average interest earning assets.

(1)

Proforma  Group  represents  the  combined  results  of  Commonwealth  Bank  and  Colonial  for  the  year  ended  30  June
2000.

18

Banking Analysis of Performance

Group Interest Margins and Spreads

The following table shows both actual and proforma
margins and spreads for the Group for the June 2000 and
June 2001 financial  years.  Interest spread represents  the
difference  between  the  average  interest  rate  earned  and
the average interest rate paid on funds.

Interest  margin  represents  net  interest  income  as

a percentage of average interest earning assets.

Australia
Interest spread (1)
Benefit of interest free liabilities, provisions and equity (2)
Net interest margin (3)

Overseas
Interest spread (1)
Benefit of interest free liabilities, provisions and equity (2)
Net interest margin (3)

Group
Interest spread (1)
Benefit of interest free liabilities, provisions and equity (2)
Net interest margin (3)

for
The  calculations  of  margins  and  spreads 
Australia  and  Overseas  include  an  allowance  for  transfer
of offshore  funding  used  to  finance  onshore  lending.  The
lower  overseas  margins  and  spreads  reflect  the  effect  of
the wholesale funding nature of that business.

Full Year Ended
Proforma
Group
30/06/00
%

30/06/01
%

Actual
30/06/00
%

2.56
0.43
2.99

1.06
0.55
1.61

2.32
0.46
2.78

2.58
0.40
2.98

1.10
0.42
1.52

2.38
0.41
2.79

2.71
0.42
3.13

1.22
0.30
1.52

2.47
0.41
2.88

(1)

(2)

(3)

Difference between the average interest rate earned and the average interest rate paid on funds.
A  portion  of  the  Group’s  interest  earning  assets  is  funded  by  interest  free  liabilities  and  shareholders’  equity.  The
benefit  to  the  Group  of  these  interest  free  funds  is  the  amount  it  would  cost  to  replace  them  at  the  average  cost  of
funds.
Net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the period.

Group Interest Margin
30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (down 1 basis point)
30/06/01 – Actual 30/06/00 (down 10 basis points)

The  Group  net  interest  margin  for  the  year  to
30 June 2001 decreased slightly by 1 basis point from the
prior year to 2.78%.

There was a number of factors which impacted the
average  rate.  In  addition  to  three  cash  rate  increases  in
the latter part of  the  June  2000  financial  year  there  was
also  one  cash  rate  increase  and  three  reductions  in  the
year to June 2001. The net effect of the product repricing
following  these  changes  was  to  put  pressure  on  the  net
interest margin.

Partly  offsetting  this  was  the  benefit  to  net  interest
margins  from  the  difference  of  market  driven  short  term
wholesale rates being below official cash rates during the
year  due  to  an  expectation  by  the  market  that  official
rates  would  fall.  However,  the  market  has  started  to
anticipate the end of the easing cycle in official rates with
the next move more likely to be an increase.

Average  deposit  balances  on  low  interest  paying
accounts  were  higher  over  the  year  than  the  prior  year,
mainly as a result of businesses accumulating their GST
instalments.  This  benefited  the  net  interest  margin  by
increasing the amount of interest free liabilities.

19

Banking Analysis of Performance

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Other Banking Operating Income

The following table sets forth the Group’s other banking operating income for  the  year ended 30 June 2001 together

with comparatives.

Lending fees
Commission and other fees
Trading income
Dividends
Net gain on investment securities
Net profit on sale of property, plant and equipment
General insurance premium income
Less general insurance claims
Other
Total Other Banking Operating Income

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

Actual
30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

623
1,066
327
20
12
14
104
(55)
67
2,178

554
946
311
20
12
14
104
(55)
45
1,951

(3)
10
30
(30)
large
79
3
4
(48)
9

30/06/01
$M

602
1,173
426
14
56
25
107
(57)
35
2,381

Other Banking Operating Income

Trading Income

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up 9%)

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up 30%)

Other  Operating 

increased  by  9%  or
Income 
$203 million  from  $2,178  million  to  $2,381  million  during
the  current  year.  The  principal  reasons  for  the  overall
increase are set out below.

Lending Fees

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (down 3%)

Lending fees have dropped by 3% or $21 million to
$602 million over the prior year mainly due to a number of
nil  entry  and  discounted  home  loan  establishment  fee
offers  during  the  current  year.  This  was  part  of  the
Group’s  strategy  to  build  lending  balances  to  improve
future earnings potential.

The lower  establishment  fees  were  partly  offset  by
increases in other lending fees based on higher volumes.

Commission and Other Fees

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up 10%)

Growth  in  commission  and  other  fees  has  been
driven  by  Credit  Cards  with  increased  sales  activity  from
both  merchants  and  cardholders,  although  growth  has
slowed since last year. There has been a 27% increase in
the  value  of  merchants  sales  and  20%  increase  in  the
value of credit cardholders sales.

Retail transaction fees for the year to 30  June 2001
represent 12% of Other Banking Operating income (4% of
total  Banking  Operating  income)  which  is  consistent  with
last year.

The  Group’s  Financial  Markets 

operations
contributed  $426  million  of  trading  income,  representing
growth  of  30%  or  $99  million  on  the  previous  year.
Trading  Income  improved  due  to  market  volatility  in  the
interest  rate  and  foreign  exchange  markets.  Volumes  of
client  transactions  grew  significantly  as  a  result  of  this
higher level of underlying volatility. This growth in trading
income  did  not  result 
in  significant  additional  risk
exposure.

Dividends

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (down 30%)

Dividend  income  represents  dividends  earned  on

the Group’s strategic investments.

Net Gain on Investment Securities

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up $44 million)

Gains  during  the  current  year  included  the  sale  of
the  Brisbane  Airport  investment  and  the  sale  of  the
Group’s interest in IPAC Securities.

Net Profit on Sale of Property Plant and Equipment

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up 79%)

The  Group  continued 

leaseback
strategy during the current  year,  with the  sale  of  several
major properties within the Sydney CBD.

its  sale  and 

General Insurance Income (net of claims)

30/06/01 – Proforma 30/06/00 (up 3%)

General Insurance premium income less claims has
remained stable at $50 million during the current financial
year.

20

Banking Analysis of Performance

Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts

The  following  table  sets  out  the  charge  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts  for  the  year  ending  30  June  2001  together  with

comparatives.

Specific Provisioning
New and increased provisioning
Less provisions no longer required
Net specific provisioning
Provided from general provision
Charge to profit and loss

General provisioning
Direct write offs
Recoveries of amounts previously written off
Movement in general provision
Funding of specific provisions
Charge to profit and loss
Total Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts

Full Year Ended

30/06/01
$M

Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

Actual
30/06/00
$M

495
(84)
411
(411)
-

35
(88)
27
411
385
385

n/a
n/a
246
(246)
-

34
(54)
84
246
310
310

236
(96)
140
(140)
-

34
(54)
76
140
196
196

Total charge for bad and doubtful debts increased by 24% to $385 million during the year to 30 June 2001, primarily
relating to a small number of large corporate and commercial lending exposures that became impaired during the year and
were provisioned for potential loss.

Provisions for Impairment

As at

General Provisions
Specific Provisions
Total Provisions

Total provisions for impairment as a % of gross impaired assets
net of interest reserved

Specific Provisions for impairment as a % of gross impaired assets
net of interest reserved

General provisions as a % of risk weighted assets

Total  Provisions  for  Impairment  for  the  Group  at
30 June  2001  were  $1,633  million,  down  8.8%  from  30
June  2000.  This  level  of  provisioning  is  considered
adequate to cover any bad debt write offs from the current
lending portfolio having regard to the current outlook.

Specific  provisions  for  impairment  have  decreased
46% from $432 million to $234 million from 30 June 2000
to  30  June  2001,  primarily  as  a  result  of  increased  write
offs  of  the  impaired  asset  portfolio  including  the  effect  of
applying the Commonwealth policy to Colonial portfolios.

21

30/06/01
$M

1,399
234
1,633

30/06/00
$M

1,358
432
1,790

251.6

178.3

36.06

1.01

43.03

1.06

for 

The  general  provisions 

impairment  have
increased  to  $1,399  million  at  30  June  2001  from
$1,358 million  at  30  June  2000,  an  increase  of  3%.  The
general  provision  as  a  percentage  of  Risk  Weighted
Assets  is  at  1.01%,  down  from  1.06%  at  30  June  2000.
This level is consistent with that of other major Australian
banks.

Gross  impaired  assets  less  interest  reserved  have
decreased  35%  from  $1,004  million  to  $649  million  over
the year. This has been primarily due to additions to gross
impaired  assets  (including  interest  reserved)  for  the  year
of $707 million which have been more than offset by write
offs and realisations totalling $1,125 million.

This has resulted in a decrease in the coverage ratio
of  specific  provisions  to  36.06%  from  43.03%,  reflecting
the  positive  management  of  impaired  assets,  which  were
generally well provisioned, and have now been written off.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Funds Management – Business Analysis

The funds management businesses have contributed $149 million to the Group’s result for the year. This represents an
increase  of  $38  million  or  34%  over  the  prior  year.  The  growth  in  operating  profit  reflects  strong  growth  in  external  funds
under management which have increased by $11.7 billion to $77 billion. Funds management income has increased by 29%
partly offset by an increase in variable sales and processing expenses.

The following tables set forth the  Group’s Funds  Management result  for the  year ending 30 June 2001  together  with

comparatives.

Funds Management
Operating income - external
Operating income - internal (1)
Total operating income
Operating expenses
Operating profit before tax
Income tax expense
Operating profit after tax

Full Year Ended
Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

701
38
739
496
243
94
149

541
32
573
410
163
52
111

143
10
153
103
50
14
36

30
19
29
21
49
81
34

The  Funds  Management  business  manages  both  internal  funds  (Life  Insurance  statutory  fund  assets)  and  external

funds (wholesale and retail). The tables below show the split of each type of funds managed.

As at
Assets held and funds under management (FUM) (2)
Funds management (4) (5)
Internal life insurance funds
Total FUM
Other life and funds management assets (3)
Total

Australia
United Kingdom
New Zealand
Asia
Total

Total expenses to funds under management (6)
Total funds management expense to Income (7)

30/06/01
$M

30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
%

76,954
24,527
101,481
14,551
116,032

91,810
14,953
4,650
4,619
116,032

0.5%
67.1%

65,266
22,916
88,182
10,235
98,417

72,456
19,202
3,270
3,489
98,417

0.5%
71.6%

18
7
15
42
18

27
(22)
42
32
18

n/a
n/a

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Income received from the life insurance business to manage statutory funds.
Excludes non-Group funds under trusteeship, custody and administration.
Includes  life  investment  assets  managed  by  parties  other  than  the  Group  funds  management  businesses,  and  other
non-investment life assets (including excess of market value over net assets of life insurance subsidiaries).
Funds  under  management  exclude  funds  under  tactical  overlay  management.  In  accordance  with  revised  ASSIRT
reporting  requirements  30  June  2000  comparatives  have  been  restated  to  exclude  $8  billion  in  funds  under  tactical
overlay management at 30 June 2000 and $9.5 billion from 30 June 2001.
Represents  total  external  funds  under  management  of  the  Group.  ASSIRT  reporting  includes  external  funds  under
management, and funds managed on behalf of the life insurance companies in the Group which are included within life
insurance assets. ASB Group funds under management are not included in the ASSIRT reporting.
The 30 June 2000 ratio is calculated on a proforma basis.
Total funds management expense to income ratio is calculated on a gross of commission basis due to the differing cost
structures of the funds management businesses across the Group. The 30 June 2000 ratio is calculated on a proforma
basis.

22

Funds Management – Business Analysis

The analysis of the movement of funds by product category is as follows:

Year to Date June 2001

Opening
Balance

Inflows Outflows (9)

Portfolio
and Other
Returns

Closing
Balance

Funds Under Management $M (including Life Insurance)

Retail
Wholesale (8)
Internal managed life
Total FUM
Other Life assets (3)
Total

24,554
40,712
22,916
88,182
10,235
98,417

20,616
13,228
4,964
38,808
3,051
41,859

(12,337)
(12,436)
(5,045)
(29,818)
-
(29,818)

1,115
1,502
1,692
4,309
1,265
5,574

33,948
43,006
24,527
101,481
14,551
116,032

(8) Wholesale opening balance has been reduced by $8 billion to exclude tactical overlay management (Refer Note 4).
(9)

Internal managed life outflows  include  the transfer of $2.5 billion of  funds during the current financial  year relating  to
assets acquired by Winterthur as part of the sale of Colonial UK Life.

23

Funds Management – Business Analysis

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Performance Analysis

The  result  has  been  driven  by  a  strong  growth  in
income,  which  has  increased  by  $166  million  from
$573 million in the financial year ended 30 June 2000 to
$739  million  in  the  current  financial  year.  This  growth  in
income  is  due  to  an  increase  of  $13  billion  or  15%  in
funds under management (FUM).

for 

Expenses 

the  business 

increased
volumes; however, some one off expenses were incurred
in  integrating  the  Stewart  Ivory  acquisition  into  the  First
State business in the United Kingdom.

reflect 

Tax  expense  has 

the
non-recognition  of  tax  benefits  in  relation  to  certain
offshore tax losses.

increased  due 

to 

Funds Under Management Performance

The  combined  Commonwealth  and  Colonial  First
State  funds  management  business  rank  first  in  terms  of
both  retail  and  wholesale  FUM  (Source:  ASSIRT  March
2001).

Total external FUM have increased by $11.7 billion
or  18%  to  $77  billion  over  the  year  to  30  June  2001.
Internally  managed 
increased  by  7%  or
$1.6 billion over the year to 30 June 2001. The combined
life  insurance  assets  and  funds  under  management
totalled $116 billion at 30 June 2001 (Refer page 22).

life  FUM 

The  growth 

in  assets  held  and 

funds  under
management  of  $18  billion  to  $116  billion  was  achieved
across  retail  ($9  billion),  wholesale  ($3  billion)  and  life
insurance assets ($6 billion).

Colonial First State Investments
Colonial First State  Investment’s (CFSI)  FUM  grew
23 % with strong growth recorded in both wholesale and
retail funds. New business inflows remained strong during
the year, particularly in Australia.

The  number  of  active  accounts 

in  Australia
increased  from  565,000  at  30  June  2000  to  793,000  at
30 June  2001,  representing  an  increase  of  40%.  This
enabled  Colonial  First  State  to  improve  its  retail  market
share from 5.4% to 6.1% (Source: ASSIRT March 2001).
Colonial First State continues to have a five star rating.

During  the  year,  the  property  asset  management
businesses of Commonwealth Property and Colonial First
Sate  were  merged,  giving 
the  combined  group
approximately  $12  billion 
in  property  assets  under
management.

Commonwealth Funds Management Businesses
Commonwealth  Funds  Management  Businesses
total FUM grew by 6 % over the year mainly due to strong
retail funds growth which increased 78% over the year to
$12 billion at 30 June 2001. This included the transfer in
of  $2.3  billion  of  funds  from  Colonial  life  which  were
previously managed by CFSI. Excluding  this transfer the
increase  was  44%  for  the  year.  This  growth  reflected
strong  sales  in  retail  unit  trust  (entry  fee  product)  and
retail  cash  management  trusts.  As  at  30  June  2001
$9 billion  was  managed  on  behalf  of  a  diverse  range  of
wholesale 
and
including 
semi-government entities, corporations, investment funds
and superannuation funds.

clients, 

state, 

local 

New Products and Initiatives
The  CFSI  group  continued 

to  develop 

its
international  business  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  Asia,
which trade under the name of First State Investments. In
the  UK,  the  integration  of  the  Stewart  Ivory  business
(acquired  in  March  2000)  was  completed  giving  the  UK
business a funds management and private client platform
for  growth.  In  Hong  Kong,  a  number  of  new  products
were  launched  including  the  New  China  Fund,  which
invests in Chinese corporations through the Chinese and
Hong Kong stock markets.

A  number  of  enhancements 

to  CFSI’s  online
services were made during the year including extensions
to FirstNet Adviser, an online service that allows advisors
enquiry  access  to  their  clients’  investment  details.  CFSI
investors  can  transact  online,  with  functionality  allowing
additional  investments  to  existing  accounts,  withdrawals
to a nominated bank account and switching of investment
monies between a range of Managed Investment Funds.

In May 2001, CFSI launched the Diversified Private
Equity Fund, a public offer fund that invests in a portfolio
of quality unlisted companies.

24

Life Insurance – Business Analysis

life 

The 

insurance 

operations 

contributed
$320 million  to  the  Group’s  result  for  the  year,  which  is
a decrease of $43 million from $363 million for the year to
30  June  2000.  The  effect  of  the  decline  in  world  equity
markets on  investment  earnings  on  life  insurance  funds,
together  with  poor  claims  and  persistency  experience
were  the  principal  reasons  for  the  reduction  in  the  profit
from life insurance operations.

As  at  30  June  2001,  life  insurance  assets  totalled
$39 billion, an increase of $6 billion or 18% over the year.
The results from the Group’s life insurance operations are
detailed  on  the  following  pages.  During  the  early  part  of
the year while the Group focussed on  the more complex
planning stages of integration, some business momentum
was lost. The Group is now starting to regain part of this.

The following table sets forth the Group’s Life Insurance Income result for the year ending 30 June 2001 together with

comparatives.

Summary Profit and Loss
(excluding abnormal income and appraisal value uplift)

30/06/01
$M

Life Insurance
Margin on Services operating income - external
Operating expenses - external
Operating expenses - internal (1)
Total expenses
Operating profit before tax
Income tax expense
Operating profit after tax

(1)

Management charge paid to Funds Management.

The  table  above  details  the  operating  income,
operating  expenses  and  tax  expense  from  the  Group’s
life  insurance  businesses,  based  on 
the  disclosure
required by Accounting Standard AASB 1038.

It should be noted that income, operating expenses
and  tax  expense  included  in  the  table  above  includes
both policyholders’ and shareholders’ components.

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

1,557
(779)
(32)
(811)
746
383
363

1,268
(716)
(38)
(754)
514
194
320

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

326
(140)
(10)
(150)
176
47
129

(19)
(8)
19
(7)
(31)
(49)
(12)

tax  expense 

Included  within 

is
$94 million  relating  to  policyholder  earnings,  compared
with  $187  million  last  year.  The  reduction  is  mainly
attributable  to  reduced  investment  earnings  on  behalf  of
policyholders.

the  year 

for 

The  operating  profit  after 

relates 
to
informative
shareholders. 
understanding  of  the  shareholder  profit  after  tax,  the
sources of profit are analysed in the table below.

In  order  to  gain  a  more 

tax 

The table below details the sources of after tax profit from the Group’s life insurance operations.

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

Sources of life insurance operating profit (excluding abnormal income)

The Margin on Services operating profit after income tax is represented by:

Planned profit margins
Experience variation
New business losses / reversal of capitalised losses
Operating margins
Investment earnings on assets in excess of policyholder liabilities (2)
Other
Operating profit after tax

257
(63)
(2)
192
126
2
320

225
(20)
13
218
143
2
363

121
(8)
1
114
13
2
129

14
large
large
(12)
(12)
-
(12)

(2)

Includes a gain of $46 million in the current year resulting from the transfer of certain strategic investments to the life
insurance business.

25

Life Insurance – Business Analysis

Underlying results of life insurance businesses by geographical region.
The table below details the underlying results of the Group’s life insurance businesses by geographical region.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Full Year Ended

Operating Margins
Investment earnings on assets in excess of policyholder
liabilities
Other
Operating profit after tax

Operating  margins 

in  Australia  decreased 

to
$190 million from $201 million in the prior  year  reflecting
lower  policyholder  investment  returns,  and  increased
claims offset by growth in the investment-linked portfolio,
particularly  superannuation  and  allocated  pension
products. The disability trends experienced in the first half
have  been  controlled  through  improvements  in  claims
management and repricing which should protect margins
on this line of business in the future.

In addition experience variations in the prior year in
Australia  reflected  some  positive  one  off  items  and  loss
reversals that have not been repeated in the current year,
and  hence  operating  margins  are  lower  in  the  current
reporting period.

Expense integration synergies achieved to date are
reflected  in  the  current  year  operating  margins.  The
expense  synergies  reflect  the  benefits  of  the  integration
of the Colonial  life companies  which occurred  in  the first
half  of  the  June  2000  financial  year  and  the  benefits  of
the  progressive 
the  Colonial  and
Commonwealth  life  companies  in  the  current  reporting
period.

integration  of 

The Australian life business has experienced sales
pressure  on  its  master  fund  business,  although  across
the Group this was largely compensated by strong sales
growth  of  complementary  products  by 
funds
management businesses. While this did not materially

the 

New Business – Life Insurance and Superannuation

Master Fund/Trusts
Risk
Annuities, bonds and other statutory fund products
Total

Details  of  the  Group’s  new  business  mix  for  life

insurance products is set out in the above table.

On  a  pro-forma  basis,  sales  of  new  business  grew
by  3%  over  the  year.  This  reflects  growth  across  all
regions.

The  growth  within  Australia  represents  an  increase
in  masterfund/trust  products  and  risk  business  offset  by
a decline in Annuities and Bonds.

The growth in masterfund/trust products has been in
personal and corporate superannuation. Margins on these
products remain strong, and while there is some pressure
on  third  party  originated  business  overall  there  has  been
no margin compression.

Sales of life insurance bonds and traditional forms of
life  insurance  investment  business  within  Australia  have
fallen  over  the  year.  This  is  in  line  with  expectations,  as
investors switch to masterfund/trust products.

26

Australia
Proforma
Group

Asia
Proforma
Group
30/06/01 30/06/00 30/06/01 30/06/00 30/06/01 30/06/00
$M

New Zealand
Proforma
Group

$M

$M

$M

$M

$M

190

129
-
319

201

112
1
314

23

(5)
1
19

21

15
-
36

(21)

2
1
(18)

(4)

16
1
13

impact the profit margin in the current  year, it did  impact
the life business appraisal value (Refer  Summary of Life
Insurance  and  Funds  Management  Valuations  –  page
27).

Margins on  the  Asian  life  insurance  business  have
fallen  by  $17  million  in  the  current  year.  The  primary
driver of this is persistency rates in Hong Kong. Although
persistency  rates  are  improving,  the  residual  effect  from
large  acquisitions  of  agents  in  1998/99  and  continued
poaching of staff continues to depress margins.

Investment  returns  on  shareholders  funds  for  the
year  ended  30  June  2001  (assets 
in  excess  of
policyholder  liabilities)  were  $126  million  which  was
$17 million  lower  than  in  the  prior  year.  Investment
returns  were  lower  in  all  regions  due  to  the  global
downturn  in  equity  markets  and  some  investment  write
downs  within  the  New  Zealand  portfolio.  As  part  of
a re-balancing of the Group’s exposure to equities, during
the  year certain strategic  investments previously  held  by
the Bank, which were held at cost, were transferred to the
life  insurance  operations  where  assets  are  reported  at
market value.  This resulted  in a gain of $46  million  after
tax  being  reported  within  investment  earnings  on  assets
held  in  excess  of  policyholder  liabilities.  Life  insurance
assets  in excess of  liabilities amounted  to  approximately
$2.6  billion  as  at  30  June  2001.  The  Group  has
maintained  a  balanced  weighting  between  growth  and
fixed interest investments during the period.

Full Year Ended
Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

4,333
253
1,153
5,739

30/06/01
$M

4,727
295
901
5,923

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

9
17
(22)
3

Actual
30/06/00
$M

2,646
46
348
3,040

Further growth in Australia is expected following the
introduction  of  a  more  comprehensive  life  insurance  risk
product range to the branch network and  the  introduction
of  specialist  risk  writers  for  both  personal  and  business
lines.  New  member  services  are  being  developed  to
strengthen the Group’s offerings to this market.

Asian new business sales are above the prior  year.
The  largest  areas  of  growth  have  been  in  Thailand
following  expansion  of  its  agency  force,  and  Hong  Kong
following  the  launch  of  the  Mandatory  Provident  Fund
(MPF).

The launch of the MPF funds is a one off event and
the impact that it had on the current  year’s new business
is not expected to be repeated in future years.

New  Zealand  growth  has  primarily  been  within  the

risk products and the masterfund/trust product offerings.

Summary of Life Insurance and Funds Management Valuations

The following table sets out the components of the carrying values of the Group’s life insurance and funds management
businesses.  These  are  Directors’  valuations  based  on  appraisal  values  determined  by  independent  actuaries  Trowbridge
Consulting. The key actuarial assumptions that have been used by the independent actuaries are also summarised.

As at 30 June 2001

Shareholders net tangible assets
Value of inforce business
Embedded Value
Value of future new business
Carrying Value

30 June 2000 Carrying Value

Increase to 30 June 2000

Analysis of Movement since 30 June 2000

Profits (2)
Opening Fair Value Adjustments
Net Capital Movements (3)
Transfers / Acquisitions of Business (4)
Change in Shareholders NTA
Synergies Credited to Goodwill (4)
Transfers / Acquisitions of Business (5)
Net Appraisal Value Uplift
Increase to 30 June 2001

Life Insurance
Australia New Zealand
$M

$M

Funds
Asia(1) Management
$M

$M

1,643
706
2,349
786
3,135

3,015

120

236
135
371
265
636

604

32

719
101
820
123
943

875

68

269
618
887
2,402
3,289

2,242

1,047

Life Insurance
Australia New Zealand
$M

$M

Funds
Asia Management
$M

$M

273
-
(269)
-
4
332
(183)
(33)
120

19
-
39
-
58
-
-
(26)
32

(18)
(30)
179
-
131
-
-
(63)
68

149
-
77
34
260
-
191
596
1,047

Total
$M

2,867
1,560
4,427
3,576
8,003

6,736

1,267

Total
$M

423
(30)
26
34
453
332
8
474
1,267

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

The Asian Life businesses are not held in the market value environment and are carried at net assets plus an excess
representing  the  difference  between  appraisal  value  and  net  assets  at  the  time  of  acquisition.  This  excess  which
effectively represents goodwill is being amortised on a straight line basis over 20 years.
Excluding  the  gain  of  $46  million  resulting  from  the  transfer  of  certain  strategic  investments  to  the  life  insurance
business.
Includes dividends paid, capital injections and payments for investments in controlled entities.
Represents the inclusion of net assets for funds management businesses not held in a market value environment.
This  item  includes  a  transfer  of  business  from  the  life  insurance  business  to  the  funds  management  business
($183 million). Balance of $8 million represents goodwill on acquisition of State Street.

Change  in  Life  Insurance  and  Funds  Management
Valuations

The valuations adopted above have resulted in a total

valuation increase of $1,267 million since 30 June 2000.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

the  Colonial 

The main components of the increase comprise:
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Total profits earned for the year of $423 million.
Opening  fair  value  adjustments  to  the  Asian  life
operations totalling $30 million representing changed
assumptions  on  tax  and  investment  earnings  in  the
opening valuation.
revenue  synergy
Realisation  of  expense  and 
benefits  arising  on 
integration  of
$332 million.  These  have  been  credited  against
goodwill.
Net appraisal value uplift of $474 million for the year.
The net appraisal value uplift of $474 million includes
$596  million 
funds  management
businesses.  This  reflects  strong  growth  in  funds  under
management which have increased by 15% over the year
to  30  June  2001  and  lower  expense  levels  arising  from
increased scale in the businesses.
life 

insurance  businesses
appraisal  values  reduced  by  $122  million.  This  result
reflects  lower  than  expected  growth  in  sales  volumes  in
the  Australian  business  and  the  impact  of  lower  than
expected investment returns during the year.

Offsetting 

relating 

this, 

the 

the 

to 

A  partial  write  off  of  the  ‘excess’  in  relation  to  the
Asian  life  businesses  and  lower  than  expected  business
persistency experience in the New Zealand business also
contributed to the reduced uplift.

Further details on the movement in carrying value for

the year are included in Note 34.

Valuation Assumptions

The  key  changes  in  assumptions  used  in  the  life

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

in 

light  of 

insurance appraisal valuations since 30 June 2000 are:
(cid:1) 

Investment  earnings  rates,  discount  rates  and  new
business  growth  rates  have  been  reduced  by  0.5%
to reflect changes in long term interest rates.
New business volumes for life insurance business in
Australia have been slightly reduced reflecting lower
than expected growth in sales during the year (Refer
Life Insurance Business Analysis).
A slight increase in disability claims in  Australia and
New Zealand.
Business  persistency  in  New  Zealand  has  been
reduced 
recent  poor  persistency
experience.
The  key  changes  in  assumptions  used  in  the  funds
management appraisal valuations since 30 June 2000 are:
(cid:1) 
Investment  earnings  rates,  discount  rates  and  new
business  growth  rates  have  been  reduced  by  0.5%
to reflect changes in long term interest rates.
New  business  volumes  for  the  funds  management
businesses have been increased based on improved
(Refer  Funds
the 
experience  during 
Management Business Analysis).
Expense 
for 
businesses  have  decreased  slightly 
increased scale in the businesses.
Further  details  on  actuarial  assumptions  can  be

funds  management
reflecting

levels 

year 

the 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

found in Note 34.

27

Group Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth the Group’s operating expenses for year ended 30 June 2001 together with comparatives.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Expenses from - Existing operations
Expenses from - Business acquisitions and GST (net of synergies)
Total Operating Expenses

Expenses by category as follows:

Staff
Occupancy and equipment
Information technology services
Other expenses
Total Operating Expenses

Banking
Life Insurance
Funds Management
Total Operating Expenses

Cost to average assets held and funds under management (1)

Full Year Ended

Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

4,822
-
4,822

Actual
30/06/00
$M

3,407
-
3,407

30/06/01
$M

5,089
81
5,170

2,360 Refer note (2)
"
"
"
"

604
748
1,458
5,170

3,958
716
496
5,170

1.75

3,633
779
410
4,822

1.85

1,705
437
571
694
3,407

3,164
140
103
3,407

1.85

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

6
n/a
7

9
(8)
21
7

(5)

(1)

(2)

The  fall  in  cost  to  average  assets  held  and  funds  under  management  reflects  the  strong  growth  in  funds  under
management (up  $13  billion  or  15%  on  a  proforma  basis)  and  on  balance  sheet  assets,  including  life  insurance  (up
$4 billion or 42%) over the past 12 months. In contrast operating expenses have risen 7%.
Proforma is not available as Colonial Group did not prepare expense breakdown on this basis.

The  Group’s  operating  expenses  have  increased
$348 million or 7% from $4,822 million for the year ended
30 June 2000 to $5,170 million for the current year.

The  Group’s  cost  to  income  ratio  reflects  the
different  business  mix,  including  policyholder  items  and
investment returns on life insurance shareholder funds.

(cid:1) 

related 

from  $4,822  million 

Expenses  from  existing  operations  have  increased
by  $267  million  or  5.5% 
to
$5,089 million  in  the  current  year.  The  increase  in
expenses primarily relates to:
(cid:1) 

Volume 
increases  of  $122  million,
predominantly  relating  to  the  Funds  Management
businesses and increased loyalty costs in the Cards
business.
The 
finalisation  of  an  enterprise  bargaining
agreement  with  staff  resulted  in  a  4%  increase  in
salaries  effective  from  1  July  2000.  This  added
$97 million to costs.
Asian  expenses  incurred  in  developing  the  life
insurance business.
The  introduction  of  the  GST  added  $111  million  to
expenses  while 
the  costs  of  developing  European
banking,  the  full  year  effect  of  the  acquisition  in  the  first
half  of  last  year  of  Trust  Bank  of  Tasmania  and  State
Street  Master  Custody  businesses  has  added  a  further
$90  million.  The  above  increases  are  partly  offset  by
$120  million  of  Colonial  integration  savings  made  in  the
current year.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Accordingly,  it  is  more  appropriate  to  look  at  the
cost to income ratio by  line of business.  The increase  in
the Banking cost income ratio of 0.3% from 57.4% in the
year ended 30 June 2000 to 57.7% in the current year is
attributable to the following:
(cid:1) 

The GST  together  with the impact of the  4%  wage
rise increased the cost income ratio by 1.8%.
Expenditure  in  relation  to  the  development  of  the
European  banking  operations  and  the  full  year
effect of new businesses has  increased the cost to
income ratio by 0.7%.
Synergies  achieved  in  relation  to  the  Colonial
integration have decreased the cost to income ratio
by 1.6%.
The cost to income benefit from improved volumes
of 0.3%.
The improvement in the funds management ratio of
4.5% from 71.6% in the prior year to 67.1% in the current
year is due to scale economies from the growth in funds
under  management,  partly  offset  by  some  one  off
expenses  within  Stewart  Ivory  during  the  second  half  of
the financial year.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Cost to Income Ratios

Banking
Funds Management
Life Insurance
Group

30/06/01
%

57.7
67.1
59.5
58.6

Proforma
30/06/00
%

57.4
71.6
52.1
57.2

The increase in the life insurance cost income ratio
reflects  the  impact  of  lower  investment  earnings  and
policyholder tax (4.8% impact).

The  achievement  of  the  integration  of  the  Colonial
business  ahead  of  schedule  represented  a  significant
milestone  for  the  Group.  The  current  forecast  of  the
annualised cost  synergies  that  will  be  realised  when  the
integration is completed (by 30 June 2003) is $355 million
(out of the total synergies forecast of $450 million).

28

Other Group Items

Staff Numbers

The table below details the Group’s staff numbers as at 30 June 2001. Staff number reductions related to the Colonial

integration were in excess of 2,700 with a net increase in other staff movements reflecting business growth.

Staff Numbers as at

Full time staff
Part time staff
Full time staff equivalent

Australia
New Zealand
Other Overseas

Income Tax Expense

Banking
Funds Management
Life
Total Income Tax Expense

Effective tax rate
Banking
Funds Management
Life Insurance (Policyholder and Corporate)

30/06/01
Number

30/06/00
Number

31,976
7,161
34,960

28,837
3,872
2,251
34,960

34,154
7,383
37,131

31,056
3,731
2,344
37,131

Full Year Ended
Proforma
Group
30/06/00
$M

30/06/01
$M

Comparison
30/06/01
vs 30/06/00
Proforma
%

Actual
30/06/00
$M

705
94
194
993

28%
39%
38%

748
52
383
1,183

31%
32%
51%

759
14
47
820

33%
28%
27%

(6)
81
(49)
(16)

Income tax expense has decreased 16% from $1,183 million for 30 June 2000 to $993 million for 30 June 2001.
The tax expense consists of corporate tax of $899 million (year to 30 June 2000 $996 million) and policyholder tax of

$94 million (year to 30 June 2000 $187 million).

Corporate taxation has declined by $97 million, primarily reflecting the benefit  from the drop in the corporate tax rate
from  36%  to  34%  which  reduced  the  prima  facie  income  tax  expense  by  $65  million,  the  utilisation  of  previously
unrecognised  overseas  tax  losses  of  $54  million,  offset  by  a  $20  million  adjustment  for  the  effect  of  lower  tax  rates  on
deferred tax balances when compared to the prior year.

The  reduction  in  policyholder  tax  expense  of  $93  million  is  as  a  result  of  lower  tax  paid  due  to  weaker  investment

returns on behalf of policyholders.

The funds management effective tax rate increased due to the non-recognition of overseas tax losses partly offset by

the benefits from the change in tax rate.

Restructuring Provisions and Fair Value Adjustments

The following table highlights the restructuring provisions and fair value adjustments raised as part of the acquisition of

Colonial Limited at 30 June 2000 and subsequent revisions at 30 June 2001.

Restructuring Costs
 - Colonial
 - Commonwealth Bank
Total restructuring costs (pre tax)
Net of Tax

Actual
Balance
30/06/01
$M

Expenditure
Year Ended
30/06/01
$M

195
6
201
142

244
100
344
275

Fair Value Adjustments
Net of Tax

29

Revised
30/06/01
$M

439
106
545
417

Actual
Balance
30/6/01
$M

637
478

Increase

$M

145
-
145
87

Revision
$M

162
151

Reported
30/06/00
$M

294
106
400
330

Reported
30/6/00
$M

475
327

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Fair value adjustments of $475 million ($327  million
net of tax) were raised at 30 June 2000.  These fair value
adjustments  principally  related  to  write  offs  of  capitalised
systems  costs  in  accordance  with  Commonwealth  Bank
accounting  policy  and  additional  general  provisioning  for
bad debts to bring Colonial onto a consistent provisioning
methodology.

Additional fair value adjustments of $151 million (net
of tax) were taken during the year. These principally relate
to  asset  and  investment  write  downs,  additional  general
provisioning as a result of aligning Colonial credit policies
with the Commonwealth Group and tax adjustments.

These revisions to the provision for restructuring and
fair value adjustments result in an increase in goodwill on
acquisition of $238 million.

Dividends

Dividends  will  continue  to  be  based  on  Cash

Earnings Per Share, having regard to the following:
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Rate of business growth;
Capital adequacy;
Investment requirements;
The  cyclical  nature  of  life  insurance  investment
returns; and
A range of other factors.
Subject  to  these  factors,  the  group  will  continue  to
maintain  a  high  payout  ratio  relative  to  its  peers.  The
dividend  payout  ratio  for  the  year  was  75.5%  on  a  cash
basis.

(cid:1) 

Other Group Items

Provisions  for  restructuring  costs  of  $400  million
($330  million  after  tax)  were  raised  at  30  June  2000.
These  provisions  covered  the  estimated  costs,  based  on
information  then  available,  of  integrating  the  Colonial
operations  (acquired  13  June  2000)  into  the  Group,
including 
and
administrative  functions.  The  principal  costs  associated
with  this  programme  are  in  the  area  of  redundancy,
property and systems.

rationalisation 

processing 

the 

of 

An additional $145 million ($87 million after tax) was
added  to  the  provision  during  the  year  to  cover  the
forecast  additional  costs  of  integration.  The  additional
costs  are  primarily  in  the  area  of  staff  redundancies  and
information technology contract termination costs.

Integration  related  synergies  of  $450  million  are
expected  to  be  achieved  by  2003,  an  increase  of
$70 million  on  those  previously  forecast.  This  comprises
forecast cost synergies of $355 million revenue synergies
of  $70  million  and  funding  synergies  of  $25  million.  The
increase is the result of a more detailed understanding of
the  business  together  with  the  accelerated  timeframes
over which the integration will be completed.

During  the  current  year,  restructuring  costs  of
$344 million  were  charged  against  the  provision.  These
expenses  included  redundancy  and  other  staff  payments
of  $100  million,  occupancy  costs  of  $45  million,
information technology costs of $95 million and other staff
costs of $24 million.

30

Integrated Risk Management

Risk Management    

The 

integrated 

framework
identifies,  assesses,  manages  and  reports  risks  and  risk
adjusted returns on a consistent and reliable basis.

risk  management 

Independent review is carried out through the audit

role.

The  Group’s  risk  profile  is  the  difference  between

capital available to absorb loss and risk.

The  measure  of  risk  is  economic  equity,  which  is
defined  as  the  potential  risk  of  loss  of  one  year’s
earnings,  measured  at  a  standard  consistent  with  an
AA credit rating.

Economic  equity 

is  derived 
to  credit,  market,  operational  and 

from  underlying
exposures 
life
insurance  risks  in  the  banking,  life  insurance  and  funds
management  businesses  of  the  Group.  In  the  banking
business,  economic  equity  is  a  measure  of  the  potential
risk  of  loss  of  cash  earnings,  In  the  life  insurance  and
funds  management  businesses,  economic  equity 
is
a measure of the potential risk of loss of the fair value of
the business.

The  composition  of  economic  equity  of  the  Group
during  the  financial  year  ended  30  June  2001  was  49%
credit risk, 20% market risk, 30% operational risk and 1%
insurance risk.

The  component  measures  of  economic  equity  for
the  banking,  life  insurance  and  funds  management
businesses were as follows:
(cid:1) 

Banking; 68% credit risk, 7% market risk and 25%
operational risk
Life insurance; 54% market risk, 40% operational
risk, 4% credit risk and 2% insurance risk.
Funds Management; 51% market risk and 49%
operational risk.
The  following  sections  describe  the  integrated  risk

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

management framework components.

Credit Risk

Credit  risk  is  the  potential  for  loss  arising  from
their

to  meet 

failure  of  a  debtor  or  counterparty 
contractual obligations.

Credit  risk  arises  in  the  banking  business  from
lending  activities,  the  provision  of  guarantees  including
letters  of  credit  and  commitments  to  lend,  investment  in
bonds  and  notes  and 
financial  markets  and  other
associated activities. In the life insurance business credit
risk arises from investment in bonds and notes, loans and
from  reliance  on  reinsurance.  The  funds  management
business  generally  involves  minimal  credit  risk  from
a shareholder perspective.

The  measurement  of  credit  risk  is  based  on  an
internal  credit  risk  rating  system,  and  utilises  analytic
tools  to  calculate  expected  and  unexpected  loss  for  the
credit portfolio.
(cid:1) 

The Group uses a diversified portfolio approach for
the  management  of  credit  risk  comprised  of  the
following:
a system of industry limits and targets for exposures
by industry;

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

large  credit  exposure  policy 

a 
for  aggregate
exposures  to  individual  commercial  and  industrial
client  groups  tiered  by  credit  risk  rating  and  loan
duration; and
a  system  of  country 
exposures.
These  policies  assist  in  the  diversification  of  the

for  geographic

limits 

credit portfolio.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

The credit portfolio is managed in two segments:
Statistically Managed Segment
Comprises  exposures  that  are  generally  less  than
$250,000  and  is  dominated  by  the  housing  loan
portfolio. Credit facilities are approved using scoring
and check sheet techniques.
Risk Rated Managed Segment
Comprises all other credit exposures. Management
is  based  on  the  internal  credit  risk  rating  system,
which  makes  an  assessment  of  the  potential  for
default for each exposure and the amount of loss if
default should occur.
Allowance  for  expected  credit  loss  in  the  banking
business commences when an exposure first arises. The
expected  loss  is  reassessed  on  a  regular  basis  and
provisioning adjusted accordingly.

A  centralised  exposure  management  system
records  all  significant  credit  exposures  of  the  Group.
Customers,  industry,  geographic  and  other  significant
groupings of exposure are monitored.

Market Risk

Market risk  is the potential  for  change  in  the  value
of on and off balance sheet positions caused by a change
in  the  value,  volatility  or  relationship  between  market
rates and prices.

Market  risk  arises  from  the  mismatch  between
assets  and  liabilities  in  both  the  banking  and  insurance
businesses.  The  Group  is  exposed  to  diverse  financial
instruments  including  interest  rates,  foreign  currencies,
equities and commodities and  transacts  in  both  physical
and derivative instruments.

A  discussion  and  analysis  of  the  Group’s  market
risk  is  contained  in  Note  39  to  the  financial  statements.
Information  on  trading  securities  is  further  contained  in
Note  10  of  the  financial  statements.  Note  3  of  the
financial  statements  contains  financial  markets  trading
income contribution to the Group.

In the trading book of the banking business, market
risk  is  measured  by  a  Value  at  Risk  (VaR)  model.  This
model  uses  the  distribution  of  historical  changes  in
market  prices  to  assess  the  potential  for  future  losses.
The VaR model takes into account  correlations  between
risks and the potential for movements in one portfolio  to
offset  movements 
results  are
backtested  to  check  the  veracity  of  the  VaR  model.
In addition,  because  the  VaR  model  cannot  predict  all
possible  outcomes,  tests  covering  a  variety  of  stress
scenarios  are  regularly  performed  to  simulate  the  effect
of extreme market conditions.

in  another.  Actual 

31

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Integrated Risk Management

The following table provides a summary of VaR by product. This is one element of the total integrated risk model used

by the Group. Refer Note 39 of the financial statements for further details.

Trading Book

Group (excluding ASB Bank)
Interest rate risk
Exchange risk
Implied volatility risk
Equities risk
Commodities risk
Prepayment risk
ASB Bank
Diversification benefit
Total

Average VaR
During
June 2001
Half
$M

Average VaR
During
December 2000
Half
$M

Average VaR
During
June 2000
Half
$M

Average VaR
During
December 1999
Half
$M

2.21
1.03
0.39
0.42
0.34
0.44
0.17
(1.99)
3.00

2.30
0.64
0.32
0.42
0.33
0.38
0.21
(1.74)
2.86

2.52
0.73
0.25
0.32
0.29
0.28
0.26
(1.59)
3.06

2.35
0.67
0.32
0.13
0.47
0.00
0.00
(1.49)
2.45

Trading income for 30 June 2001 increased by 30%
over 30 June 2000 without an increase in the VaR during
the period.

In  the  non-traded  book  of  the  banking  business,
a range of techniques is adopted to measure market risk.
These  include  simulation  of  the  effects  of  market  price
changes  on  assets  and  liabilities  for  business  activities
where  there  are  no  direct  measures  of  the  effects  of
market prices on those activities.

Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  assets  cannot  be
liquidated in time to meet maturing obligations. Limits are
set  to  ensure  that  holdings  of  liquid  assets  do  not  fall
below  prudent  levels.  The  liquid  assets  held  are  assets
that are available for repurchase by the Reserve Bank of
Australia  (over  and  above  those  required  to  meet  the
Real  Time  Gross  Settlement  obligations),  certificates  of
deposits  and  bills  of  exchange  accepted  by  other  banks
and  overnight  interbank  loans.  More  detailed  comments
on the Group’s liquidity and funding risks are provided in
Note 39.

Market  risk  in  the  life  insurance  business  arises
from  mismatches  between  assets  and 
liabilities
guaranteed  returns  offered  on  some  classes  of  policy
(which  may  not  be  capable  of  being  hedged  through
matching  assets),  adverse  movements  in  market  prices
affecting  fee  income  on  investment-linked  policies  and
from the returns obtained from investing the shareholders
capital held in each life company.

possible, 

Wherever 

the  Group 

segregates
policyholder  funds  from  shareholder  funds  and  sets
investment  mandates  that  are  appropriate  for  each.  The
investment  mandates  for  assets  in  policyholder  funds
attempt  to match asset  characteristics  with  the  nature  of
policy obligations but it is not always possible to obtain a
perfect match between assets and liabilities. The ability to
match asset characteristics with policy obligations may be
constrained  by  promises  made  in  policy  and  sales
documents,  by  regulatory  constraints  and  by  the  lack  of
suitable investments.

A large proportion of the policyholder assets is held
for  investment  linked  policies  where  the  policyholder
takes  the  risk  of  falls  in  the  market  value  of  the  assets.
However,  as  the  Group  earns  fees  on  investment  linked
policies that are based on the amount of assets invested,
it  will  receive  lower  fees  should  markets  fall.  Asset
allocation for investment linked policies is decided by the
policyholder.  A  smaller  proportion  of  policyholder  assets
is  held  to  support  policies  where  life  companies  have
guaranteed either the principal invested or the investment

32

return  (‘guaranteed  policies’).  Investment  mandates  for
these classes of policies  emphasise  investment  in  lower
volatility  assets  such  as  cash  and  fixed  interest.  The
Group no longer sells guaranteed policies in Australia or
New  Zealand  but  they  continue  to  be  sold  in  Asia.  The
Australian  and  New  Zealand  books  of  in  force  business
contain guaranteed policies sold in the past and on which
it continues to collect premiums.

income  on 

Thus,  it  is  likely  to  be  several  years  before  the
Australian and New Zealand in force book of guaranteed
policies  will  decline  significantly  as  the  policy  payments
on  maturing  policies  continues  to  be  offset  by  the
premium 
the  remaining  policies.  Some
guaranteed  policies  were  sold  on  the  basis  of  profits
being  shared  between  policyholders  and  shareholders.
Profits are allocated to policyholders by the declaration of
‘bonuses’.  Bonuses  may  be  declared  annually  (‘annual
bonuses’)  or  upon  maturity  of  the  policy  (‘terminal
bonuses’).  Once  declared,  annual  bonuses  form  part  of
the guaranteed sum assured.

Shareholders  funds  in  the  life  insurance  business
are on average invested 50% in income assets (cash and
fixed  interest)  and  50%  in  growth  assets  (shares  and
property), although the asset mix may vary from company
to  company.  Policyholder  funds  are  invested  to  meet
policyholder  reasonable  expectations  without  putting  the
shareholder at undue risk.

Market  risk  in  the  funds  management  business  is
the risk of an adverse movement in market prices  which
leads  to  a  reduction  in  the  amount  of  funds  under
management and a consequent reduction in fee income.

Liquidity  risk  is  not  a  significant  issue  in  life
insurance  companies.  The  life  insurance  companies  in
the  Group  hold  substantial  investments  in  highly  liquid
assets  such  as  listed  shares,  government  bonds  and
to  receive  substantial
bank  deposits  and  continue 
for
premium 
time 
claims  and  redemptions  enables  each  company 
to
forecast  and  manage  its  liquidity  needs  with  a  high
degree of accuracy.

income.  Furthermore,  processing 

Operational Risk

Operational  Risk  is  defined  broadly  as  risks,  other
than  those  captured  in  credit,  market  and  life  insurance
risk definitions, due to:
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

business and strategic decisions;
processes, people or systems; and
external events.

Integrated Risk Management

Risks are identified, quantified and  managed under
the  Group’s  operational  risk  framework  by  business  unit
owners, with risk management being a key result area for
Divisions.  Each  risk  owner  quantifies  individual  risks
according  to  their  probability  of  occurrence,  and  the
economic loss given occurrence, including the  impact on
shareholder  value.  The  mitigating  effects  of  preventative
controls, 
insurance  are  also
assessed  and  quantified  based  on  expert  opinion,
external  events,  risk  incidents  and  indicators.  Individual
risks  are  aggregated  into  one  of  eleven  operational  risk
categories.

impact  controls  and 

The quantification and allocation of operational  risk
economic  equity  for  the  banking  business  is  primarily
based on the aggregation of these individual risks, taking
into  account  any  correlation  of  risks,  through  a  Monte
Carlo simulation. The resulting economic equity amount is
also validated using top down aggregate measures.

Operational  risk  economic  equity 

life
insurance  and  funds  management  businesses  is  based
on  worst  case  scenarios  using  volatility  shocks  for
business risks and top down measures using internal and
external loss data for event risks.

the 

for 

Insurance Risk

This is the risk that the incidence of mortality (death)
and  morbidity  (illness  and  injury)  claims  is  higher  than
assumed when pricing life insurance policies, or is greater
than  best  estimate  assumptions  used  to  determine  the
fair value of the business.

Insurance  risk  may  arise  through  reassessment  of
the incidence of claims, the trend of future claims and the
effect of unforeseen diseases or epidemics. In addition, in
the case of morbidity, the time to recovery may be longer
than  assumed.  Insurance  risk  is  controlled  by  ensuring
underwriting  standards  adequately  identify  potential  risk,
retaining  the  right  to  amend  premiums  on  risk  policies
where  appropriate  and  through  the  use  of  reinsurance.
The  experience  of  the  Group’s  life  insurance  business
and  those  of  the  industry  as  a  whole  are  reviewed
annually.

Derivatives

Derivative instruments are contracts whose value is
derived from one or more underlying financial instruments
or  indices  defined  in  the  contract.  The  Group  will  enter
into derivatives transactions including swaps, forward rate
agreements,  futures,  options  and  combinations  of  these
instruments. The sale of derivatives to  customers as risk
management products and their use for trading purposes
is  integral  to  the  Group’s  financial  markets  activities.
Derivatives  are  also  used  to  manage  the  Group’s  own
exposure  to  market  risk.  The  Group  participates  in  both
exchange traded and OTC derivatives markets.

Exchange 

traded  derivatives:  Exchange 

traded
derivatives are executed  through  a  registered  exchange,
for  example  the  Sydney  Futures  Exchange  and  the
Australian  Stock  Exchange.  The  contracts  have
standardised  terms  and  require  lodgment  of  initial  and
variation  margins  in  cash  or  other  collateral  at  the
Exchange, which guarantees ultimate settlement.

supported  by  individual  transaction  confirmations.  The
documentation  protects  the  Group’s  interests  should  the
counterparty  default,  and  provides  the  ability  to  net
outstanding  balances  in  jurisdictions  where  the  relevant
law allows.

The Group’s exposure to derivatives is disclosed in

Note 39 Market Risk.

Business Continuity Management

Business Continuity Management (BCM) is defined
within  the  Group  as  the  discipline  for  developing  and
maintaining  advance  action  plans  to  respond  to  a  risk
event  or  disaster  so  that  critical  business  processes
continue  with  minimal  adverse 
impact  on  staff,
customers, products, services and brand.

The  Group’s  BCM  policy  requires  that  appropriate
safeguards  be  established  to  minimise  the  impact  of
disruption  to  business  processes  and  dependencies,
services  and  products  in  the  event  of  an  impairment  of
the Group’s business, information and infrastructure.

BCM  constitutes  an  essential  component  of  the
Group’s 
risk  management  process  by  providing
a controlled  response  to  potential  operational  risks  that
the  Group’s  critical
have  a  significant 
impact  on 
processes  and  revenue  streams. 
includes  both
cost-effective  responses  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  risk
events  or  disasters  and  crisis  management  plans  to
respond to crisis events.

It 

Each  Division  in  the  Group  has  developed,  tested
Plans.
and  maintained 
Continuity 
is  being
A comprehensive  BCM  education  program 
implemented  to  further  drive  the  BCM  methodologies
throughout the Group.

Business 

Government Guarantee

In  conjunction  with  the  Government’s  sale  of  its
remaining  shareholding,  transitional  arrangements  were
implemented which provide that:
(cid:1) 

all demand and term deposits will be guaranteed for
a period of three years from 19 July 1996, with term
deposits  outstanding  at  the  end  of  that  three-year
period being guaranteed until maturity; and
all other amounts payable under a contract that was
entered 
instrument
executed,  issued,  endorsed  or  accepted  by  the
Bank  and  outstanding  at  19  July  1996  will  be
guaranteed until their maturity.
Accordingly,  demand  deposits  are  no 

into  before  or  under  an 

longer

(cid:1) 

guaranteed.

Term deposits  outstanding  at  19  July  1999  remain
guaranteed until maturity. The run off of the Government
guarantee  has  had  no  effect  on  the  Bank’s  access  to
deposit  markets.  The  Bank’s  credit  ratings  were  also
maintained.

Credit Rating

The  Bank’s 

credit 
unchanged for the year and at 30 June 2001 are:

ratings  have 

remained

Short
Term
A-1+
P-1
F1+

Long
Term
AA-
Aa3
AA

B
A/B

OTC  traded  derivatives:  The  Group  buys  and  sells
financial  instruments  that  are  traded  ‘over-the-counter’,
rather  than  on  recognised  exchanges.  The  terms  and
conditions  of  these  transactions  are  negotiated  between
the  parties,  although  the  majority  conform  to  accepted
market  conventions.  Industry  standard  documentation  is
used, most commonly in the form of a master agreement

Standard & Poor’s Corporation
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
Fitch
Moody’s Bank Financial Strength
Rating
Fitch Individual Rating

33

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Capital Adequacy

Tier One Capital
Shareholders’ Equity (excluding asset revaluation reserve)
Eligible Loan Capital
Total Shareholders’ Equity and Loan Capital
Less Goodwill
Less Preference shares
Less Intangible component of investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries
Less Outside equity interest in entities controlled by non-consolidated subsidiaries
Total Tier One Capital

Tier Two Capital
Asset revaluation reserve
General provision for bad and doubtful debts (1)
FITB related to general provision
Note and bond issues (2)
Preference shares
Total Tier Two Capital
Tier One and Tier Two Capital
Less Investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries (net of intangible component
deducted from Tier 1)
Less Other deductions
Capital Base

2001
$M

19,843
462
20,305
(5,716)
                   -
(4,116)
(1,458)
9,015

2000
$M

18,435
418
18,853
(5,905)
(86)
(2,656)
(588)
9,618

1,390
(436)
4,825
                   -
5,784
14,799

5                   -
1,358
(420)
5,120
39
6,097
15,715

(2,005)
(114)
12,680

(2,528)
(669)
12,518

(1)

(2)

Excludes general provision for bad and doubtful debts relating to investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries.
Includes both upper and lower Tier 2 capital.

2001
vs 2000
%

8
11
8
(3)
large
55
large
(6)

large
2
4
(6)
large
(5)
(6)

(21)
(83)
1

2000
%

7.49
4.75
(2.49)
9.75

2001
%

6.51
4.18
(1.53)
9.16

Risk Weighted Capital Ratios
Tier one
Tier two
Less deductions
Total

The  Australian  Prudential  Regulation  Authority
(APRA)  sets  minimum  capital  adequacy  ratios  for  the
Group.  These  ratios  compare  the  capital  base  of  the
Group with on and off balance sheet assets, weighted for
risk.  Capital  base  consists  of  shareholders  equity  plus
other  capital  instruments  acceptable  to  APRA  (tier  1
capital) and general provision for credit  losses and other
hybrid  and  debt  instruments  acceptable  to  APRA  (tier  2
capital).  The  life  insurance  and  funds  management
businesses  are  not  consolidated  for  capital  adequacy
purposes.

The decline from the capital ratios at 30 June 2000

can be attributed to:
(cid:1) 

A change in  the treatment of  the  investment  in  our
life  insurance  and  funds  management  businesses
announced by APRA in February 2001. These new
rules were applied to the 31 December 2000 capital
adequacy  calculations.  If  this  change  had  not
occurred the tier 1 ratio at 30 June 2001 would have
been 0.39% higher and the total capital ratio  would
have been 0.20% higher;
An increase in goodwill associated  with the merger
with Colonial amounting to $238 million (refer to the
discussion  on  Restructuring  Provision  and  Fair
Value Adjustment);
A decrease in  tier  1  capital  of  $464  million  relating
to the acquisition of a 25% interest in ASB Group in
August 2000;
A decrease in the lower tier 2 dated notes and bond
issues  due  to  the  regulatory  limitation  that  this
amount does not exceed 50% of tier 1 capital; and
A  $9.9  billion  (8%)  increase  in  the  amount  of  risk
weighted assets.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

its  active  capital

The  Group  has  continued 
management programme. During the year:
(cid:1) 

issue  of  3.5  million  PERLS 

An  on-market  buyback  programme  in  November
2000 resulted in the purchase of 0.8 million ordinary
shares for $23.5 million;
An  off-market  buyback  in  March  2001  resulted  in
the  purchase  of  25.1  million  ordinary  shares  for
$700 million;
The 
(Preferred
Exchangeable  Resettable  Listed  Shares)  in  March
2001 raised $687 million net of issue costs; and
The shares needed to satisfy the DRP in respect of
the  interim  dividend  paid  in  March  2001  were
acquired  on-market.  This  required  the  purchase  of
4.5 million ordinary shares for $143.6 million.
In  January  2001  the  Basle  Committee  on  Banking
Supervision 
the
calculation of capital adequacy for banks. These changes
will not come into effect until 2005. The changes include
a specific  requirement  for  capital  to  cover  operating  risk
and  changes  to  the  capital  requirement  for  credit  risk.
Under the proposals, the deduction for investment in  life
insurance  and  funds  management  companies  currently
made from  total capital  will  be  split  50%  from  tier  1  and
50% from tier 2. There is insufficient information available
to ascertain whether overall the proposals will result in an
increased  requirement  for  regulatory  capital  or  not.  The
Bank continues to  work closely  with  industry bodies  and
with  APRA  to  ensure  that  the  changes,  when  finalised,
will require a realistic level of capital. For further detail on
capital adequacy see Note 31.

issued  proposals 

for  changes 

to 

34

Description of Business Environment

Competition

The Australian banking market is highly transparent
and competitive. The banks, life companies and non-bank
financial  institutions  compete  for  customer  deposits,  the
provision  of  lending,  funds  management,  life  insurance
and other services.

In  all  there  were  46  banking  groups  operating  in
Australia  at  30  June  2001.  Banks  in  Australia  can  be
divided  into  the  following  categories:  Australian  owned
banks, foreign bank subsidiaries and branches of foreign
owned banks.

Among the Australian owned banks (of which there
are  12)  the  four  largest  (CBA,  NAB,  Westpac  and  ANZ)
are typically referred to as Australia’s major banks. Each
of the major banks offers a full range of financial products
and services through branch networks across Australia.

Of  the  other  Australian  owned  banks,  there  are
5 regional  banks.  Each  of  these  had  their  origins  as
a building  society  and  their  operations  were  initially
largely  state  based.  While  the  smaller  of  the  regional
banks  have  typically  limited  their  activities  to  servicing
customers  in  a  particular  state  or  region,  they  are  now
targeting 
their
operations  across  state  borders.  The  larger  regional
banks  now  operate  in  several  states,  if  not  nationally.
Over  recent  years  the  regional  banking  sector  has
undergone substantial consolidation with several of these
institutions  amalgamating  with  other  regional  banks  or
being acquired by major banks.

interstate  customers  and  expanding 

locally 

through  a 

There  are  13  foreign  owned  banks  operating  in
incorporated  subsidiary.
Australia 
through
An additional  25  banks  conduct  operations 
a foreign  bank  branch.  While  many 
foreign  banks
operating  in  Australia  initially  focussed  their  activities  on
the provision of banking services to the Australian clients
of their overseas parent bank, most have now diversified
their  operations,  offering  local  clients  a  broad  range  of
financial products and services. Foreign bank branches in
Australia  are  not  able 
to  offer  retail  deposit  and
transaction accounts to customers. Several foreign banks
are represented in Australia by both a locally incorporated
subsidiary and a branch.

services.  Non-bank 

The  Bank  also  faces  competition  from  non-bank
financial 
for
institutions,  which  compete  vigorously 
customer  investments,  deposits  and  the  provision  of
financial
lending  and  other 
intermediaries  such  as  building  societies  and  credit
unions  compete  strongly  in  the  areas  of  accepting
deposits  and  residential  mortgage  lending,  mainly  for
owner-occupied  housing.  These  state-based  institutions
are  making  headway  in  achieving  multi-state  coverage
partly  encouraged  by  a  more  conducive  regulatory
environment.  Specialist  non-bank  mortgage  originators
and  brokers  have  acquired  some  prominence  in  the
residential lending market.

A  development  over  recent  years  has  been  the
establishment  of  local  single  branch  banks  collectively
referred  to  as  ‘community  banks’.  Under  this  model,  the
local  community  effectively  purchases  from  a  regional
bank  the  right  to  operate  a  franchise  of  the  bank  but
within  the  auspices  of  the  regional  bank’s  banking
authority.  The  presence  of  community  banks  has  added
another  dimension  to  the  competitive  dynamics  of  the
market.

35

The  Bank  operates  in  the  life  insurance  and  funds
management  markets  in  competition  with  a  range  of
non-bank 
institutions.  Similarly,  non-bank
financial 
life  companies)  have
financial  institutions  (including 
expanded  their  operations  into  banking,  with  a  view  to
financial
offering 
their  customers  a  broad  suite  of 
services. 
(and  global
investment  banks)  are  also  increasing  their  presence  in
Australia.

fund  managers 

International 

Changes  in  the  financial  needs  of  consumers,
deregulation,  and  technology  developments  have  also
changed  the  mode  of  competition.  In  particular,  the
development  of  electronic  delivery  channels  and  the
reduced reliance on a physical network facilitate the entry
of new players from related industries, such as retailers,
telecommunication companies and utilities. Technological
change 
is  encouraging  new  entrants  with  differing
combinations of expertise and an unbundling of the value
chain.

Deregulation has  led  to  further  disintermediation  in
the Australian finance industry. Traditionally, the banking
industry  has  been  the  major  intermediary  between  the
providers  of  funds  (depositors)  and  the  users  of  funds
(borrowers).

in 

A  significant  factor  in  disintermediation  in  Australia
funds  under
the  superannuation

the  substantial  growth 

has  been 
management,  especially  within 
(pension funds) industry.
Australian 

long-term 

Government’s 

continued
The 
encouragement 
through
superannuation,  by  means  of  taxation  concessions  and
a mandatory 
on
employers,  is  expected  to  underpin  strong  growth  in
funds  under  management.  This  growth  potential
continues to attract new entrants to this market.

superannuation 

guarantee 

saving 

levy 

of 

Growth in the funds management industry has also
contributed to disintermediation through the direct use of
capital  markets  by  borrowers  as  an  alternative  to  bank
finance.  The  corporate  bond  market  in  Australia  has
benefited  from  this  growth  with  many  of  the  major
Australian  corporates  directly  accessing  capital  markets
in  Australia  and  around 
in
competition  with  numerous  domestic  and  foreign  banks,
is  actively  involved  as  an  originator  of  corporate  debt  in
the  capital  markets,  especially  in  the  Euro-AUD  and
Euro-NZD  sector,  and  in  the  creation  of  new  financing
structures including as arranger and underwriter in major
infrastructure  projects  undertaken  by 
the  corporate
sector.

the  world.  The  Bank, 

Like Australia, the New  Zealand banking system  is
characterised  by  strong  competition.  The  Group’s
activities  in  New  Zealand  are  conducted  through  ASB
Group  Limited.  Banks  in  New  Zealand  are  free  to
compete  in  almost  any  area  of  financial  activity.  As  in
Australia,  there  is  strong  competition  with  non-bank
financial  institutions  in  the  areas  of  funds  management
and the provision of insurance.

New  Zealand  banking  activities  are  led  by  five
financial  services  groups,  all  owned  by  UK  or
Australian-based  banks  operating  through  nationwide
branch networks.

Description of Business Environment

The Group’s major competitors in New Zealand are
ANZ, Bank of New Zealand (a wholly-owned subsidiary of
NAB),  National  Bank  of  New  Zealand  (a  wholly-owned
subsidiary  of  Lloyds  Bank  plc)  and  Westpac  Trust
(a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westpac). In addition, there
are  several  financial  institutions  operating  largely  in  the
wholesale  banking  sector  including  Deutsche  Bank  and
AMP (Australia’s largest insurance group).

Through 

its  wholly-owned  subsidiary  Sovereign
Group,  ASB  Group  also  competes  in  the  New  Zealand
insurance  and  investment  market,  where  Royal  Sun
Alliance and Tower Corporation are major competitors.

Following  the  acquisition  of  Colonial  Ltd  in  June
2000,  the  Group’s  retail  operations  were  extended  into
the United Kingdom, numerous Asian markets and the Fiji
Islands;  in  these  markets,  the  Bank  competes  directly
with established providers.

Financial System Regulation

by 

standards. 

international 

Australia  has  a  high  quality  system  of  financial
regulation 
Following
a comprehensive  inquiry  into  the  Australian  financial
system  (the  ‘Wallis  Inquiry’),  the  Australian  Government
introduced  a  new  framework  for  regulating  the  financial
framework,  which  applied
system.  The  previous 
regulations  according  to  the  type  of  institution  being
regulated,  resulted  in  similar  products  being  regulated
differently.  The  new 
regulates
products  equally  regardless  of  the  particular  type  of
institutions providing them.

functional  approach 

Since  July  1998,  the  new  regulatory  arrangements
have  comprised  four  separate  agencies:  The  Reserve
Bank  of  Australia,  the  Australian  Prudential  Regulation
Authority,  the  Australian  Securities  and 
Investments
the  Australian  Competition  and
Commission  and 
Consumer  Commission.  Each  of  these  agencies  has
system wide responsibilities for the different objectives of
government 
system.
of 
A description  of 
their  general
responsibilities and functions is set out below:
(cid:1) 

these  agencies  and 

oversight 

financial 

the 

Reserve  Bank  of  Australia  (RBA)  -  responsible  for
monetary  policy, 
financial  system  stability  and
regulation of the payments system;
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) –
has comprehensive powers  to  regulate  prudentially
institutions,
banks  and  other  deposit-taking 
insurance companies  and  superannuation  (pension
funds). Unless an institution is authorised under the
Banking  Act  1959  or  exempted  by  APRA,  it  is
prohibited from engaging in the general business of
deposit-taking;
Australian  Securities  and  Investments  Commission
(ASIC)  –  has  responsibility  for  market  conduct,
consumer  protection  and  corporate 
regulation
functions  across  the  financial  system  including  for
investment, insurance and superannuation products
and the providers of these products.
Australian Competition  and  Consumer  Commission
(ACCC)  –  has  responsibility  for  competition  policy
and  consumer  protection  across  all  sectors  of  the
economy.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Financial  market  instability,  particularly  in  various
emerging market economies, has  led  to  intense  scrutiny
of  global 
leveraged
financial  markets  and  highly 
institutions.  There  is  some  pressure  for  fundamental
reform  of  international  financial  architecture  to  avert
industry
future  crises.  Government  officials  and 
practitioners 
in
in  Australia  are  actively 
international fora in furthering these reforms.

involved 

Supervisory Arrangements

The Bank is an authorised deposit-taking institution
under  the  Banking  Act  and  is  subject  to  prudential
regulation by APRA as a bank. The prudential framework
applied  by  APRA  is  embodied  in  a  series  of  prudential
standards including:

Capital Adequacy
Under  APRA 

adequacy 

guidelines,
capital 
Australian  banks  are  required  to  maintain  a  ratio  of
capital (comprising Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital components)
to risk  weighted  assets  of  at  least  8%,  of  which  at  least
half  must  be  Tier  1  capital.  These  guidelines  are
generally consistent with those agreed upon by the Basle
Committee  on  Banking  Supervision.  For  information  on
the capital position of the Bank, see – ‘Capital Adequacy’.

Funding and Liquidity
APRA  exercises  liquidity  control  by  requiring  each
bank  to  develop  a  liquidity  management  strategy  that  is
appropriate for itself. Each policy is formally approved by
APRA. A key element of the Group’s liquidity policy is the
holding of a stock of high quality liquid assets to meet day
to day fluctuations in liquidity.  The  liquid assets held are
assets that are available for repurchase by the RBA (over
and  above  those  required  to  meet  the  Real  Time  Gross
Settlement  (RTGS)  obligations,  AUD  CDs/Bills  of  other
banks and AUD overnight interbank loans.) More detailed
comments on  the Group’s  liquidity  and  funding  risks  are
provided in Note 39.

Large Credit Exposures
APRA requires banks  to  ensure  that,  other  than  in
exceptional circumstances, individual credit exposures to
non-bank, non-government clients do not exceed 30% of
Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Prior notification must be given
to  APRA  if  a  bank  intends  to  exceed  this  limit.  For
information  on  the  Bank’s  large  exposures  refer  to  Note
14 to the Financial Statements.

financial 

that  regulated 

Ownership and Control
In pursuit of transparency and risk minimisation, the
Financial  Sector  (Shareholding)  Act  1998  embodies  the
principle 
institutions  should
maintain  widespread  ownership.  The  Act  applies
a common  15  per  cent  shareholding  limit  for  authorised
deposit taking institutions, insurance companies and their
holding  companies.  The  Treasurer  has  the  power  to
approve acquisitions exceeding 15 per cent where this is
in  the  national  interest,  taking  into  account  advice  from
the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission in
relation  to  competition  considerations  and  APRA  on
prudential  matters.  The  Treasurer  may  also  delegate
approval powers to  APRA  where one financial institution
seeks to acquire another.

36

Description of Business Environment

The  Government’s  present  policy  is  that  mergers
among the four major banks will not be permitted until the
Government  is  satisfied  that  competition  from  new  and
established  participants 
industry,
in 
particularly  in  respect  of  small  business  lending,  has
increased sufficiently.

financial 

the 

Proposals for foreign acquisition of Australian banks
are  subject  to  approval  by  the  Treasurer  under  the
Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975.
Banks’ Association With Non-Banks
There are formal guidelines that control investments
and  dealings  with  subsidiaries  and  associates.  A  bank’s
equity associations with other institutions should normally
be  in  the  field  of  finance.  APRA  has  expressed  an
unwillingness to allow subsidiaries of a bank to exceed a
size  which  would  endanger  the  stability  of  the  parent.
No bank can enter into any agreements or arrangements
for  the  sale  or  disposal  of  its  business,  or  effect
a reconstruction or  carry  on  business  in  partnership  with
another bank, without the consent of the Commonwealth
Treasurer.

In  carrying  out  its  prudential  responsibilities,  APRA
closely  monitors  the  operations  of  banks  to  ensure  that
they  operate  within  the  prudential  framework  it  has  laid
down and that they follow sound management practices.

APRA  currently  supervises  banks  by  a  system  of
off-site examination. It closely monitors the operations of
banks through the collection of  regular  statistical  returns
and  regular  prudential  consultations  with  each  bank’s
management.  APRA  also  conducts  a  program  of
specialised  on-site  visits  to  assess  the  adequacy  of
individual  banks’  systems  for  identifying,  measuring  and
controlling  risks  associated  with  the  conduct  of  these
activities.

In  addition,  APRA  has  established  arrangements
under  which  each  bank’s  external  auditor  reports  to
APRA regarding observance of prudential standards and
other supervisory requirements.

Supervision of non-bank group entities
The life insurance  company and general  insurance
company subsidiaries of  the  group  also  come  within  the
supervisory purview of APRA.

APRA’s prudential supervision of both life insurance
and  general  insurance  companies  is  exercised  through
the  setting  of  minimum  standards  for  solvency  and
financial  strength  to  ensure  obligations  to  policy  holders
can be met.

The financial condition of  life  insurance  companies
is monitored through regular financial reporting, lodgment
of  audited  accounts  and  supervisory 
inspections.
Compliance  with  APRA  regulation  for  general  insurance
companies  is  monitored  through  regular  returns  and
lodgment of an audited annual return.

37

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Corporate Governance

Board of Directors

The  Board  of  Directors  assumes  responsibility  for
corporate  governance  of  the  Bank.  It  oversees  the
business  and  the  affairs  of  the  Bank,  establishes,  with
management, the strategies and financial objectives to be
the
implemented  by  management  and  monitors 

performance  of  management  directly  and  through  the
Board committees.

The  Board  currently  consists  of  eleven    Directors.
Membership  of  the  Board  and  its  Committees  is  set  out
below:

DIRECTOR

BOARD MEMBERSHIP

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

Nominations

Remuneration

Audit

Risk

J T Ralph, AC
J M Schubert
D V Murray
N R Adler, AO
R J Clairs, AO
A B Daniels, OAM
C R Galbraith
W G Kent, AO
F D Ryan
F J Swan
B K Ward

Non executive
Non executive
Executive
Non executive
Non executive
Non executive
Non executive
Non executive
Non executive
Non executive
Non executive

Chairman
Deputy Chairman
Managing Director

Chairman
Member
Member

Chairman

Member
Member

Member

Chairman

Member

Member
Member

Member

Chairman

Member

Member

Member

Details  of  the  experience,  qualifications,  special
the
the  Directors’  Report  on

responsibilities  and  attendance  at  meetings  of 
Directors  are  set  out 
in 
pages 41 to 46.

Ms  A  C  Booth 

the  Board  on
retired 
31 December  2000  and  Mr  K  E  Cowley  retired  from  the
Board on 29 March 2001.

from 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

The Constitution of the Bank specifies that:
the  managing  director  and  any  other  executive
directors shall not be eligible to stand for election as
Chairman of the Bank;
the number of directors shall be not less than 9 nor
more than 13  (or  such  lower  number  as  the  Board
may  from  time  to  time  determine).  The  Board  has
determined  that  for  the  time  being  the  number  of
directors shall be 11; and
at  each  Annual  General  Meeting,  one-third  of
directors  (other  than  the  managing  director)  shall
retire from office and may stand for re-election.
The Board has adopted a policy that, with a phasing
in provision dealing  with existing directors, the maximum
term  of  appointment  of  directors  to  the  Board  would
normally be limited to twelve years.

(cid:1) 

the  Bank  and 

The  Nominations  Committee  of  the  Board  critically
reviews,  at  least  annually,  the  corporate  governance
the  composition  and
procedures  of 
effectiveness of the Commonwealth Bank Board and the
boards of the major wholly owned subsidiaries. The policy
of  the  Board  is  that  the  Committee  shall  consist  of
the
a majority  of  non  executive  directors  and 
Chairman  of 
the
Committee.

that 
the  Bank  shall  be  chairman  of 

The Nominations Committee has developed a set of
criteria 
for  director  appointments  which  have  been
adopted by the Board. The criteria set the objective of the
Board as being as effective, and preferably more effective
than  the  best  boards  in  the  comparable  peer  group.
These  criteria,  which  are  reviewed  annually,  ensure  that
any  new  appointee  is  able  to  contribute  to  the  ongoing
effectiveness  of  the  Board,  has  the  ability  to  exercise
sound  business  judgment,  to  think  strategically  and  has
levels  of
demonstrated 
professional skill and appropriate personal qualities.

leadership  experience,  high 

Candidates 
by 

for  appointment  as  directors  are
Committee,
considered 
recommended 
if
appointed,  stand  for  election,  in  accordance  with  the
Constitution, at the next general meeting of shareholders.

the  Board  and, 

for  decision  by 

Nominations 

the 

Remuneration Arrangements

The Constitution and the ASX Listing Rules specify
that 
the  aggregate  remuneration  of  non  executive
directors  shall  be  determined  from  time  to  time  by  a
general  meeting.  An  amount  not  exceeding  the  amount
determined,  is  divided  between  the  directors  as  they
agree.  The  policy  of  the  Board  is  that  the  aggregate
amount should be set at a level which provides the Bank
with  the  necessary  degree  of  flexibility  to  enable  it  to
attract and retain the services of directors of the highest
calibre.  The  latest  determination  was  at  the  Annual
General  Meeting  held  on  28  October  1999  when
shareholders  approved  an  aggregate  remuneration  of
$1,500,000  per  year.  The  Nominations  Committee
reviews  the  fees  payable  to  non  executive  directors.
Details  of  individual  directors’  remuneration  and  the
bands of remuneration are set out  in Note 45. Directors’
fees  do  not  incorporate  a  bonus  element  related  to
performance.

requires 

In  August  2000, 

the  Board  approved 

the
introduction  of  the  Non-Executive  Directors’  Share  Plan
which 
by
Non-Executive Directors through the mandatory sacrifice
of 20% of their annual fees. Details of this Plan were set
out in the Notice of Meeting to the 2000 Annual General
Meeting.

acquisition 

shares 

the 

of 

The remuneration of Mr Murray (Managing Director)
is fixed by the Board, pursuant to the Constitution, as part
of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  his  appointment.  Those
terms and conditions are subject  to  review,  from  time  to
time, by the Board.

There  is  in  place  a  retirement  scheme  which
provides for benefits to be paid to non executive directors
after  service  of  a  qualifying  period.  The  terms  of  this
scheme,  which  were  approved  by  shareholders  at  the
1997  Annual  General  Meeting,  allow  for  a  benefit  on  a
pro  rata  basis  to  a  maximum  of  four  years’  total
emoluments after twelve years’ service.

38

Corporate Governance

The  Board  has  established  a  Remuneration

Committee to:
(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

consider  changes  in  remuneration  policy  likely  to
have a material impact on the Group;
consider senior executive appointments; and
be  informed  of  leadership  performance,  legislative
compliance 
industrial
agreements  and  incentive  plans  operating  across
the Group.
The policy of the Board is that  the Committee  shall

in  employment 

issues, 

consist of a majority of non executive directors.

The Committee has an established work plan which
allows  it  to  review  all  major  human  resource  policies,
strategies and outcomes.

that 

The  Bank’s  remuneration  policy 

in  respect  of
executives  includes  provisions  that  remuneration  will  be
competitively  set  so  that  the  Bank  can  attract,  motivate
and  retain  high  quality  local  and  international  executive
staff  and 
to
remuneration  will 
a significant  degree,  variable  pay 
for  performance
elements.  A  full  statement  of  the  Bank’s  remuneration
policy for executives and details of the remuneration paid
to  the  Managing  Director  and  five  highest  paid  other
members of the senior executive team who were officers
of the Bank at 30 June 2001 are set out in Note 46.

incorporate, 

Audit Arrangements

Ernst & Young was appointed as the auditor of  the
Bank at the 1996 Annual General Meeting and continues
to fulfil that office.

the  chairman  of 

The  Board’s  Audit  Committee  consists  entirely  of
non  executive  Directors  and 
the
Committee  is  not  Chairman  of  the  Bank.  This  structure
the  Board’s  policy.  The  Managing  Director
reflects 
attends  Committee  meetings  by 
invitation.  The
Committee oversees the adequacy of  the overall  internal
control  functions  and  the  internal  audit  functions  within
the Group and their relationship to external audit.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

laws, 

relevant 

In carrying out these functions, the Committee:
reviews  the  financial  statements  and  reports  of  the
Group;
reviews  accounting  policies  to  ensure  compliance
with  current 
regulations  and
accounting standards; and
conducts  any  investigations  relating  to  financial
matters,  records,  accounts  and  reports  which  it
considers appropriate.
In  addition,  the  Committee  ratifies  the  Group’s
operational  risk  policies  for  approval  by  the  Board  and
reviews  and  informs  the  Board  of  the  measurement  and
management  of  operational  risk.  Operational  risk  is
a basic  line  management  responsibility  within  the  Group
consistent with the policies established by the Committee.
A  range  of  insurance  policies  maintained  by  the  Group
mitigates some operational risks.

received  by 

the  Committee  and, 

The Committee regularly considers,  in  the absence
of management and the external auditor, the quality of the
information 
in
considering  the  financial  statements,  discusses  with
management and the external auditor:
(cid:1) 

the  financial  statements  and  their  conformity  with
accounting  standards,  other  mandatory  reporting
requirements and statutory requirements; and
the  quality  of  the  accounting  policies  applied  and
any other significant judgements made.
The  Committee  periodically  meets  separately  with
the Group Auditor and the external auditor in the absence
of management.

(cid:1) 

The  Committee  reviews  the  processes  governing
advisory  work  undertaken  by  the  external  auditor  to
ensure  that  the  independence  of  the  external  auditor  is
not affected by conflicts.

The  scope  of  the  audit  is  agreed  between  the
Committee  and  the  auditor.  The  external  audit  partner
attends  meetings  of  the  Audit  Committee  by  invitation
and  attends  the  Board  meetings  when  the  annual  and
half yearly accounts are signed.

Risk Management

The  Risk  Committee  oversees  credit  and  market
risks  assumed  by  the  Bank  in  the  course  of  carrying  on
its business.

The  Committee  considers 

the  Group’s  credit
policies and ensures that management maintains a set of
credit  underwriting  standards  designed 
to  achieve
portfolio outcomes consistent with the Group’s risk/return
expectations.  In  addition,  the  Committee  reviews  the
Group’s  credit  portfolios  and 
recommendations  by
management for provisioning for bad and doubtful debts.
The Committee approves risk management policies
and  procedures  for  market,  funding  and  liquidity  risks
incurred or likely to be incurred in  the  Group’s business.
The  Committee 
implementing
reviews  progress 
management  procedures  and  identifying  new  areas  of
exposure relating to market, funding and liquidity risk.

in 

Independent Professional Advice

The Bank has  in place a  procedure  whereby,  after
appropriate  consultation,  directors  are  entitled  to  seek
independent  professional  advice,  at  the  expense  of  the
Bank, to assist them to carry out their duties as directors.
The policy of  the  Bank  provides  that  any  such  advice  is
made available to all directors.

Access to Information

the
The  Board  has  an  agreed  policy  on 
circumstances  in  which  directors  are  entitled  to  obtain
access to company documents and information.

Ethical Standards

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

The Bank has adopted a Statement of Professional
Practice  which  sets  standards  of  behaviour  required
including:
(cid:1) 

to  act  properly  and  efficiently  in  pursuing  the
objectives of the Bank;
to avoid situations which may give rise to a conflict
of interests;
to  know  and  adhere 
Employment Opportunity policy and programs;
to maintain confidentiality in the affairs of the Bank
and its customers; and
to be absolutely honest in all professional activities.
These  standards  are  regularly  communicated  to
staff. In addition, the Bank has established insider trading
guidelines  for  staff  to  ensure  that  unpublished  price
sensitive  information  about  the  Bank  or  any  other
company is not used in an illegal manner.

the  Bank’s  Equal

to 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

The  restrictions  imposed  by  law  on  dealings  by
Directors  in  the  securities  of  the  Bank  have  been
supplemented  by 
the  Board  of  Directors  adopting
guidelines  which  further  limit  any  such  dealings  by
Directors,  their  spouses,  any  dependent  child,  family
company and family trust.

39

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Continuous Disclosure

The  Corporations  Act  2001  and  the  ASX  Listing
Rules  require  that  a  company  disclose  to  the  market
matters which could be expected to have a material effect
on  the  price  or  value  of  the  company’s  securities.
Management  processes  are  in  place  throughout  the
Commonwealth  Bank  Group  to  ensure  that  all  material
matters  which  may  potentially  require  disclosure  are
promptly  reported  to  the  Managing  Director,  through
established 
the
deliberations of the Bank’s Executive Committee. Matters
reported are assessed and, where required by the Listing
Rules, advised to the market. The Company Secretary is
responsible  for  communications  with  the  ASX  and  for
ensuring  that  such  information  is  not  released  to  any
person  until  the  ASX  has  confirmed  its  release  to  the
market.

lines,  or  as  a  part  of 

reporting 

Corporate Governance

The  guidelines  provide,  that  in  addition  to  the
requirement that Directors not deal in the securities of the
Bank or any related company when they have or may be
perceived as having relevant unpublished price sensitive
information,  Directors  are  only  permitted  to  deal  within
certain periods. These periods include between three and
30  days  after  the  announcement  of  half  yearly  and  final
results  and  from  three  days  after  release  of  the  annual
report  until  30  days  after  the  Annual  General  Meeting.
Further,  the guidelines require  that Directors not  deal  on
the basis of considerations of a short term nature or to the
extent  of  trading  in  those  securities.  Similar  restrictions
apply to executives of the Bank.
In  accordance  with 

the
Corporations  Act  2001,  Directors  disclose  to  the  Board
any material contract in which they may have an interest.
In  compliance  with  section  195  of  the  Corporations  Act
2001  any  Director  with  a  material  personal  interest  in  a
matter being considered by the Board will not be present
when the matter is being considered and will not vote on
the matter.

the  Constitution  and 

40

Interests: 

Other 
International  Monetary  Conference
(Member), Art Gallery of NSW (Member), Asian Bankers’
Association  (Member),  Australian  Bankers’  Association
(Chairman),  Asian  Pacific  Bankers'  Club  (Member),
Business Council of Australia (Member), World Economic
Forum  (Member),  General  Motors  Australian  Advisory
Council  (Member),  APEC  Business  Advisory  Council
(Member),  and  the  Financial  Sector  Advisory  Council
(Member).
Mr Murray is a resident of New South Wales. Age 52.

N R (Ross) Adler, AO
Mr  Adler  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  1990
and  is  a  member  of  the  Remuneration  Committee.  He
holds a Bachelor of Commerce and a Master of Business
Administration.  Mr  Adler  was  Managing  Director  of
Santos Limited for 16 years and retired on 30 September
2000.  He  has  experience 
in  various  commercial
enterprises, more recently in the oil and gas industry.
Chairman: Austrade.
Director:  Telstra  Corporation  Limited,  QCT  Resources
Limited (until October 2000), Tereny Investments Pty Ltd
and Shelrey Pty Ltd.
Other 
Interests:  Art  Gallery  of  South  Australia
(Chairman), University of Adelaide (Council Member and
Chairman of the Finance Committee), Executive Member
of 
the  Australian  Japan  Business  Co-operation
Committee and Australian Institute of Company Directors
(Member).
Mr Adler is a resident of South Australia. Age 56.

Reg J Clairs, AO
Mr Clairs has been a member of the Board since 1 March
1999  and  is  a  member  of  the  Audit  Committee.  As  the
former Chief Executive Officer of Woolworths Limited, he
had  thirty-three  years’  experience  in  retailing,  branding
and customer service.
Chairman:  Agri  Chain  Solutions  Ltd  and  The  Prime
Minister’s Supermarket to Asia Board.
Deputy Chairman: Woolstock Australia Limited.
Director:  David  Jones  Ltd,  Howard  Smith  Ltd  and
National Australia Day Council.
Other 
Minister’s Supermarket to Asia Council.
Mr Clairs is a resident of Queensland. Age 63.

Interests:  Foundation  Member  of 

the  Prime

A B (Tony) Daniels, OAM
Mr Daniels has been a member of the Board since March
2000 and is a  member of  the Remuneration  Committee.
He  has  extensive  experience  in  manufacturing  and
distribution,  being  Managing  Director  of  Tubemakers  of
Australia for eight years to December 1995, during a long
career with that company.
Director:  Australian  Gas  Light  Company,  Orica,  and
O'Connell St Associates.
Managing Director: Pacific Dunlop Limited.
Mr Daniels is a resident of New South Wales. Age 66.

Directors’ Report

The  Directors  of 

the  Commonwealth  Bank  of
Australia  submit  their  report,  together  with  the  financial
report  of  the  Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia  (the
‘Bank’)  and  of  the  Group,  being  the  Bank  and  its
controlled entities, for the year ended 30 June 2001.

The names of the Directors holding office during the
financial year and until the date of this report are set out
below  together  with  details  of  Directors’  experience,
qualifications, special responsibilities and organisations in
which each of the Directors has declared an interest.

John T Ralph, AC, Chairman
Mr  Ralph  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  1985
and  Chairman  since  1999.  He  is  also  Chairman  of  the
Risk, Remuneration and Nominations Committees. He  is
a  Fellow  of  the  Australian  Society  of  Certified  Practising
Accountants  and  has  had  over 
forty-seven  years’
experience in the mining and finance industries.
Chairman: Pacific Dunlop Limited.
Deputy Chairman: Telstra Corporation Limited.
Director: BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton Plc.
Other  Interests:  Melbourne  Business  School  (Board  of
Management), Foundation for Young Australians (Deputy
National  Chairman),  and  Australian  Foundation 
for
Science (Chairman).
Mr Ralph is a resident of Victoria. Age 68.

John M Schubert, Deputy Chairman
Dr Schubert has been a member of the Board since 1991,
he was appointed as Deputy Chairman on 31 December
2000  and  is  Chairman  of  the  Audit  Committee  and
a member  of  the  Nominations  Committee.  He  holds
a Bachelor Degree and PhD in Chemical Engineering and
has  experience  in  the  petroleum,  mining  and  building
materials industries. Dr Schubert is the  former Managing
Director  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Pioneer
International Limited.
Chairman: G2 Therapies Limited and Worley Limited.
Director:  BHP  Billiton  Limited,  BHP  Billiton  Plc,  Hanson
Plc, Australian Graduate School of  Management Ltd and
Qantas Limited.
President: Business Council of Australia.
Other 
Interests:  Academy  of  Technological  Science
(Fellow),  Salvation  Army  Territorial  Headquarters  and
Sydney  Advisory  Board  (Member).  He  is  also  a  Director
of  the  Great  Barrier  Reef  Research  Foundation  and
a Director and a Member of AGSM Consulting Ltd.
Dr Schubert is a resident of New South Wales. Age 58.

David V Murray, Managing Director and Chief
Executive Officer
Mr  Murray  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  and
Managing Director since June 1992. He holds a Bachelor
of  Business  and  Master  of  Business  Administration  and
has thirty-five years’ experience in banking. Mr Murray is
a  member  of  the  Remuneration,  Risk  and  Nominations
Committees.
Director: Colonial Ltd, Colonial Holding Company Pty Ltd,
Colonial  Holding  Company  (No  2)  Pty  Ltd,  Emerald
Holding  Company  Ltd,  Colonial  Finance  (Australia)  Ltd,
Colonial International Holdings Pty Ltd and Colonial First
State Investments Group Limited.

41

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Barbara K Ward
Ms  Ward  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  1994
and  is  a  member  of  the  Audit  Committee.  She  holds
a Bachelor  of  Economics  and  Master  of  Political
Economy  and  has  six  years’  experience 
in  policy
development  and  public  administration  as  a  senior
ministerial  adviser  and  twelve  years’  experience  in  the
transport  and  aviation  industries,  most  recently  as  Chief
Executive  of  Ansett  Worldwide  Aviation  Services.  Since
1998, she has pursued a career as a company director.
Chairperson: HWW Limited and Country Energy.
Director:  Rail 
Advantage Limited.
Other  Interests:  Sydney  Opera  House  Trust  (Trustee),
Australia Day Council of New South Wales (Member) and
Allens Arthur Robinson (Director).
Ms Ward is a resident of New South Wales. Age 47.

Infrastructure  Corporation  and  Data

Anna C Booth – retired 31 December 2000
Ms  Booth  had  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  1990
and  was  a  member  of  the  Risk  Committee.  She  holds
a Bachelor of Economics (Hons) and has had seventeen
years’ experience in the trade union movement.
Director:  Ausflag  Limited  and  CoSolve  Australasia  Pty
Ltd.
Other  Interests:  Shopping  Centre  Council  of  Australia
(Special  Advisor),  Sydney  Organising  Committee  for  the
Olympic  Games  (Member)  and  Labour  Management
Studies Foundation of Macquarie University (Fellow).
Ms Booth is a resident of New South Wales. Age 44.

Ken E Cowley, AO – retired 29 March 2001
Mr  Cowley  had  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since
September 1997 and was a member of the Remuneration
Committee.  He  has  thirty-three  years’  experience  in  the
media  industry,  having  been  a  Director  of  News  Limited
since 1976 and until July 1997, was Executive Chairman
of that company.
Executive Chairman: Zazu Limited.
Chairman:  PMP  Communications  Limited,  R  M  Williams
Holdings Limited, Tasman Pacific Airways Limited, Tower
Lodge  Pty  Limited  and  Melbourne  Storm  Football  Club
Pty Ltd.
Director:  The  News  Corporation  Limited,  Independent
Newspapers  Limited  and  The  Foundation  for  Rural  and
Regional Renewal.
Other Interests: Australian Stockman’s Hall of Fame and
Outback  Heritage  Centre 
(Chairman)  and  Royal
Agricultural Society (Director).
Mr Cowley is a resident of New South Wales. Age 65.

Directors’ Report

Colin R Galbraith
Mr Galbraith has been a member of the Board since June
2000  and  is  a  member  of  the  Risk  Committee.  He  was
previously  a  Director  of  Colonial  Limited,  having  been
appointed  in  1996.  He  is  a  partner  of  Allens  Arthur
Robinson, Lawyers.
Chairman: BHP Community Trust.
Director: OneSteel Limited.
Other  Interests:  Council  of  Legal  Education  in  Victoria
(Honorary  Secretary),  Corporate  Council  of  CARE
Australia  (Member)  and  The  Royal  Melbourne  Hospital
Neuroscience Foundation (Trustee).
Mr Galbraith is a resident of Victoria. Age 53.

Warwick G Kent AO
Mr  Kent  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  June
2000  and  is  a  member  of  the  Risk  Committee.  He  was
previously  a  Director  of  Colonial  Limited,  having  been
appointed in 1998. He  was  Managing Director and Chief
Executive  Officer  of  BankWest  until  his  retirement  in
1997. Prior to joining BankWest, Mr Kent had a long and
distinguished career with Westpac Banking Corporation.
Director:  Perpetual  Trustees  Australia  Limited,  West
Australian  Newspapers  Holdings  Limited  and  Coventry
Group Limited.
Other 
Interests:  Advisory  Board  of  Blake  Dawson
Waldron (Member), Walter and Eliza Hall Trust (Trustee),
Australian 
(Fellow),
Institute  of  Company  Directors 
Australian  Society  of  CPAs  (Fellow),  Australian  Institute
of  Bankers  (Fellow)  and  Chartered  Institute  of  Company
Secretaries (Fellow).
Mr Kent is a resident of Western Australia. Age 65.

Fergus D Ryan
Mr  Ryan  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  March
2000  and  is  a  member  of  the  Audit  Committee.  He  has
extensive  experience  in  accounting,  audit,  finance  and
risk  management.  He  was  a  senior  partner  of  Arthur
Andersen  until  his  retirement  in  August  1999  after
thirty-three  years’  with  that  firm  including  five  years  as
Managing Partner Australasia.
Member:  Prime  Minister's  Community  Business
Partnership.
Other  Interests:  Strategic  Investment  Co-ordinator  and
Major  Projects  Facilitator  for  the  Federal  Government,
Committee 
(Counsellor)  and  Pacific
Institute (Patron).
Mr Ryan is a resident of Victoria. Age 58.

for  Melbourne 

Frank J Swan
Mr  Swan  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  since  July
1997 and is a  member of  the Risk  Committee.  He  holds
a Bachelor  of  Science  degree  and  has  twenty-three
years’  senior  management  experience  in  the  food  and
beverage industries.
Chairman: Fosters Group Limited.
Director:  National  Foods  Limited  and  Catholic  Ladies
College Eltham.
Other  Interests:  Institute  of  Directors  (Fellow),  Australian
(Fellow),  Australian
Institute  of  Company  Directors 
Institute  of
Institute  of  Management 
Management UK (Companion).
Mr Swan is a resident of Victoria. Age 60.

(Fellow)  and 

42

Directors’ Report

Directors’ Meetings

The number of Directors’ meetings (including meetings of committees of Directors) and number of meetings attended

by each of the Directors of the Commonwealth Bank during the financial year were:

DIRECTOR

J T Ralph
J M Schubert
D V Murray
N R Adler
R J Clairs
A B Daniels
F D Ryan
F J Swan
B K Ward
W G Kent
C R Galbraith
A C Booth **
K E Cowley ***

DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS

No. of Meetings
Held*

No. of Meetings
Attended

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
7

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
6
6

The number of meetings held during the time the Director held office during the year.
Ms Booth retired on 31 December 2000.

*
**
*** Mr Cowley retired on 29 March 2001.

COMMITTEE MEETINGS

Risk Committee

Audit Committee

Remuneration Committee

No. of
Meetings Held
*

No. of
Meetings
Attended

No. of
Meetings Held
*

No. of
Meetings
Attended

No. of
Meetings Held
*

No. of
Meetings
Attended

5

5
5

5

5

4
5

5

6

6
6

6

4

6

6
6

6

3

J T Ralph
J M Schubert Ø
D V Murray
N R Adler
R J Clairs
F D Ryan
F J Swan
B K Ward
A B Daniels
W G Kent ****
C R Galbraith ****
A C Booth **
K E Cowley ***

10
4
10

10

7
7
3

10
3
10

8

7
6
2

Nominations Committee
No. of
No. of
Meetings
Meetings Held
Attended
*

J T Ralph
J M Schubert
D V Murray

3
3
3

3
3
3

The number of meetings held during the time the Director was a member of the relevant committee.
Ms Booth retired on 31 December 2000.

*
**
*** Mr Cowley retired on 29 March 2001.
**** Mr Kent and Mr Galbraith were appointed to the Risk Committee on 31 December 2000.
Ø

Dr Schubert retired from the Risk Committee on 12 February 2001.

43

Directors’ Report

Principal Activities

Consolidated Profit

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

integrated 

including 
superannuation, 

The  Commonwealth  Bank  Group 
leading  providers  of 

is  one  of
financial
Australia’s 
institutional
services 
banking, 
insurance,  general
insurance,  funds  management,  broking  services  and
finance company activities.  The  principal  activities  of  the
Commonwealth  Bank  Group  during  the  financial  year
were:

retail,  business  and 
life 

Banking
The  Group  provides  a  full  range  of  retail  banking
services  including  housing  loans,  credit  cards,  personal
loans,  savings  and  cheque  accounts  and  demand  and
term  deposits.  The  Group  has  leading  domestic  market
shares in home loans, personal loans, retail deposits and
discount  stockbroking  and  is  one  of  Australia’s  largest
issuers of credit cards. The Group also offers a full range
of  commercial  products 
loans,
equipment and trade finance, and rural and agribusiness
products.

including  business 

The  Institutional  Banking  operations  focus  on  the
top  1,000  corporations,  government  entities  and  other
major  institutions  operating  in  Australasia.  Corporate
customers  have  access  to  financial  markets  services,
securities underwriting, trading and distribution, corporate
finance,  equities,  payments  and  transaction  services,
investment management and custody.

The Group also has full service banking operations

in New Zealand and Fiji

Funds Management
The Group  is  Australia’s  largest  fund  manager  and
largest retail  funds manager  in terms of its  total  value  of
funds under management. The Group has two main funds
Investment
management  businesses:  Commonwealth 
Management and Colonial First State Investments. These
businesses manage a wide range of wholesale and retail
investment,  superannuation  and 
funds.
Investments are across all major asset  classes  including
Australian  and 
fixed
interest and cash.

International  shares,  property, 

retirement 

The Group also has funds management businesses

in New Zealand, UK and Asia.

Life Insurance
The  Group  provides 

term 

insurance,  annuities,  master 
products.

insurance,  disability
investment

trusts  and 

The Group is Australia’s third  largest  insurer based
on  life  insurance  assets  held,  and  is  Australia’s  largest
manager in retail superannuation, allocated pensions and
annuities by funds under management.

Life  insurance  operations  are  also  conducted  in
New  Zealand,  where  the  Group  has  the  leading  market
share, and throughout Asia and the Pacific.

Consolidated  operating  profit  after  tax  and  outside
equity interests for the financial year ended 30 June 2001
was $2,398 million (2000: $2,700 million, including a net
abnormal gain of $987 million).

The net operating profit for the year ended 30 June
2001  after  tax,  and  before  goodwill  amortisation  and
appraisal  value  uplift  was  $2,262  million.  This  is  an
increase  of  $670  million  or  42%  over  the  year  ended
30 June  2000.  Apart  from  a  full  year  profit  contribution
from 
the  principal
contributing factors to this increase were a growth  in net
interest income reflecting continued lending asset growth
together with growth in commissions, funds management
income and trading  income, partly offset by  increases  in
a range of expenses.

the  Colonial  acquired  entities, 

Dividends

The  Directors  have  declared  a  fully  franked  (at
30%)  final  dividend  of  75  cents  per  share  amounting  to
$933 million.  The  dividend  will  be  payable  on  8  October
2001.  Dividends  paid  since  the  end  of  the  previous
financial year:
(cid:1) 

as provided for in last  year’s  report, a fully franked
final  dividend  of  72  cents  per  share  amounting  to
$908  million  was  paid  on  9  October  2000.  The
payment  comprised  cash  disbursements  of
$739 million  with  $169  million  being  reinvested  by
participants  through  the  Dividend  Reinvestment
Plan; and
in respect of the current year, a fully franked interim
dividend  of  61  cents  per  share  amounting  to
$773 million  was  paid  on  30  March  2001.  The
payment  comprised  cash  disbursements  of
$629 million  with  $144  million  being  reinvested  by
participants  through  the  Dividend  Reinvestment
Plan.

(cid:1) 

Review of Operations

An  analysis  of  operations  for  the  financial  year  is
set  out  in  the  Results  Overview  on  pages  4  and  5  and
Business Analysis on page 15 to 30.

Changes in State of Affairs

The Commonwealth Bank of Australia has become
the successor in law to State Bank of New South Wales
(known as Colonial State Bank) effective on 4 June 2001
pursuant  to  legislation.  On  that  date  State  Bank  of  New
South Wales ceased to have  a  separate  legal  existence
and  all  its  assets  and  liabilities  became  assets  and
liabilities of Commonwealth Bank of Australia.

The  Bank’s  shareholders’  equity  was  reduced  by
$700  million  on  1  April  2001  pursuant  to  an  off  market
buyback of 25.1 million shares.

There were no other significant changes in the state

of affairs of the Group during the financial year.

Events Subsequent to Balance Date

The  Directors  are  not  aware  of  any  matter  or
circumstance  that  has  occurred  since  the  end  of  the
financial  year  that  has  significantly  affected  or  may
significantly affect the operations of the Group, the results
of those operations or the state of affairs of the Group in
subsequent financial years.

44

Directors’ Report

Future Developments and Results

Directors’ and Officers’ Indemnity

the
Major  developments  which  may  affect 
operations of the Group in subsequent financial years are
referred to in the Strategy and Outlook on page 9. In the
further
opinion  of 
information on likely developments in operations would be
unreasonably prejudicial to the interests of the Group.

the  Directors,  disclosure  of  any 

Environmental Regulation

The Bank and its controlled entities are not subject
to  any  particular  or  significant  environmental  regulation
under  a  law  of  the  Commonwealth  or  of  a  State  or
Territory,  but  can 
liabilities  as
a lender.  The  Bank  has  developed  credit  policies  to
ensure this is managed appropriately.

incur  environmental 

Directors’ Shareholdings

Particulars of shares in the Commonwealth Bank or
in  a  related  body  corporate  are  set  out  in  a  separate
titled
section  at 
‘Shareholding  Information’  which  is  to  be  regarded  as
contained in this report.

the  end  of 

financial 

report 

the 

Options

An  Executive  Option  Plan  was  approved  by
the  Annual  General  Meeting  on
shareholders  at 
8 October 1996 and its continuation was further approved
by  shareholders  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  on
29 October 1998. On 13 October 2000, the Bank granted
options  over  2,002,500  unissued  ordinary  shares  to
50 executives  under  the  Executive  Option  Plan.  At  the
2000  Annual  General  Meeting,  shareholders  approved
the  establishment  of  the  Equity  Reward  Plan  and  on
7 February  2001,  577,500  options  were  granted 
to
23 executives  under  this  Plan.  During  the  financial  year
2,435,000 shares were allotted consequent to an exercise
of options granted under the  Executive Option  Plan.  Full
details  of  the  Plan  are  disclosed  in  Note  29  to  the
financial statements.

The names of persons who currently hold options in
the Plan are entered in the register of options kept by the
Bank  pursuant  to  Section  170  of  the  Corporations  Act
2001. The register may be inspected free of charge.

For details of the options granted to a director, refer
to the separate  section  at  the  end  of  the  financial  report
titled  ‘Shareholding  Information’  which  is  to  be  regarded
as contained in this report.

Directors’ Interests in Contracts

A  number  of  Directors  have  given  written  notices,
stating  that  they  hold  office  in  specified  companies  and
accordingly  are  to  be  regarded  as  having  an  interest  in
any  contract  or  proposed  contract  that  may  be  made
between the Bank and any of those companies.

Article 19 of the Commonwealth Bank’s Constitution
provides:  “To  the  extent  permitted  by  law,  the  company
indemnifies  every  director,  officer  and  employee  of  the
company  against  any  liability  incurred  by  that  person
(a) in his or her capacity as a director, officer or employee
of  the  company  and  (b)  to  a  person  other  than  the
company  or  a  related  body  corporate  of  the  company.
The  company  indemnifies  every  director,  officer  and
employee  of  the  company  against  any  liability  for  costs
and  expenses  incurred  by  the  person  in  his  or  her
capacity  as  a  director,  officer  or  employee  of  the
company (a) in defending any proceedings, whether civil
or  criminal,  in  which  judgment  is  given  in  favour  of  the
person  or  in  which  the  person  is  acquitted  or  (b)  in
connection  with  an  application,  in  relation  to  such
proceedings,  in  which  the  Court  grants  relief  to  the
person  under  the  Corporations  Act  2001,  provided  that
the  director,  officer  or  employee  has  obtained 
the
company’s  prior  written  approval  (which  shall  not  be
unreasonably  withheld)  to  incur  the  costs  and  expenses
in relation to the proceedings”.

An indemnity for employees, who are not directors,
is  not  expressly

secretaries  or  executive  officers, 
restricted in any way by the Corporations Act 2001.

The Directors, as named on pages 41 to 42 of this
report, and  the  Secretaries  of  the  Commonwealth  Bank,
being J D Hatton (Secretary) and K G Bourke (Assistant
Company Secretary) are indemnified under Article 19 as
are  all  the  executive  officers  and  employees  of  the
Commonwealth Bank.
Deeds  of 

Indemnity  have  been  executed  by
Commonwealth  Bank  in  terms  of  Article  19  above  in
favour of each director.

Directors’ and Officers’ Insurance

to  above  and 

The Commonwealth  Bank has,  during  the  financial
year,  paid  an  insurance  premium  in  respect  of  an
insurance  policy  for  the  benefit  of  those  named  and
referred 
the  directors,  secretaries,
executive  officers  and  employees  of  any  related  bodies
corporate  as  defined  in  the 
insurance  policy.  The
insurance grants indemnity against liabilities permitted to
be  indemnified  by  the  company  under  Section  199B  of
the  Corporations  Act  2001. 
In  accordance  with
insurance  policy  prohibits
commercial  practice, 
disclosure of the terms of the policy  including the nature
of  the  liability  insured  against  and  the  amount  of  the
premium.

the 

Directors’ and other Officers’ Emoluments

Details of the Bank’s remuneration policy in respect
is  set  out  under
‘Corporate

of 
the  Directors  and  executives 
‘Remuneration  Arrangements’  within 
Governance’ section of this report.

the 

Details  on  emoluments  paid  to  each  director  are
detailed  in  Note  45  of  the  Financial  Report.  Details  on
emoluments paid to the executive director and the  other
five most highest paid executive officers of the Bank and
the  Group  are  disclosed  in  Note  46  of  the  Financial
Report.

45

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Directors’ Report

Incorporation of Additional Material

This  report  incorporates  the  Financial  Highlights,  Business  Analysis,  Corporate  Governance  and  Shareholding

Information sections of this Annual Report.

Roundings

The amounts contained  in  this  report  and  the  financial  statements  have  been  rounded  to  the  nearest  million  dollars

unless otherwise stated, under the option available to the Company under ASIC Class Order 98/100.

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors.

J T Ralph AC
Chairman

22 August 2001

D V Murray
Managing Director

46

2001
$M

4,474
4,350
8,824
385
5,170

3,269
(993)
(14)
-
-
474
(338)
2,398

1,793
320
149
2,262
(338)
474
-
2,398

2000
$M

1999
$M

1998
$M

3,719
2,420
6,139
196
3,407

3,527
1,997
5,524
247
3,070

3,397
1,833
5,230
233
3,039

1997
$M

3,392
1,489
4,881
98
2,924

1,958
2,207
2,536
(641)
(714)
(820)
(20)
(38)
(24)
(570)
967               -
20               -
409
92               -               -
(46)
(47)
1,090
1,422

(57)
2,700

1,859
(588)
(22)
(200)
72
              -
(43)
1,078

1,513
129
36
1,678
(57)

1,210
1,342
76
103
11
24
1,297
1,469
(46)
(47)
92               -               -
(161)
1,090

987               -
1,422

2,700

1,174

75 (1)

}
}

1,249
(43)
              -
(128)
1,078

136,059
230,411
117,355
210,563
18,393
12,677
138,383
160,607
145,978

196,918
20,208
13,285
230,411

132,263
218,259
112,594
199,824
17,472
11,942
128,484
129,163
117,075

187,452
16,661
14,146
218,259

101,837
138,096
93,428
131,134
6,735
6,471
99,556
114,271
103,130

115,510
13,046
9,540
138,096

89,816
130,544
83,886
123,655
6,712
6,358
94,431
102,165
91,650

110,120
10,846
9,578
130,544

81,632
120,103
77,880
113,079
6,846
6,450
86,468
96,163
85,296

101,202
9,994
8,907
120,103

Five Year Financial Summary

Profit and Loss
Net interest income
Other operating income
Total operating income
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Total operating expenses
Operating profit before goodwill amortisation, appraisal
value uplift, abnormal items and income tax expense
Income tax expense
Outside equity interests
Abnormal items
Income tax credit on abnormal items
Appraisal value uplift
Goodwill amortisation
Operating profit after income tax attributable to members of the Bank

Contributions to profit (after tax)
Banking
Life insurance
Funds management
Profit on operations (cash basis)
Goodwill amortisation
Appraisal value uplift
Abnormal income (expense) after tax
Operating profit after income tax

Balance sheet
Loans, advances and other receivables
Total assets
Deposits and other public borrowings
Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Net tangible assets
Risk weighted assets
Average interest earning assets
Average interest bearing liabilities
Assets (on balance sheet)
  Australia
  New Zealand
  Other
Total Assets

(1) 

Figure is combined for 1997.

47

Five Year Financial Summary

Shareholder Summary
Dividends per share (cents) - fully franked
Dividends provided for, reserved or paid ($million)
Dividend cover (times - before abnormals)
Dividend cover (times - cash)
Earnings per share (cents)
  before abnormal items
  after abnormal items
  Cash basis (4)
Dividend payout ratio (%) (1)
  before abnormal items
  after abnormal items
  Cash basis (4)
Net tangible assets per share ($)
Weighted average number of shares (basic)
Number of shareholders
Share prices for the year ($)
  Trading high
  Trading low
  End (closing price)

Performance Ratios (%)
Return on average shareholders’ equity (2)
  before abnormal items
  after abnormal items
Return on average total assets (2)
  before abnormal items
  after abnormal items
Capital adequacy - Tier 1
Capital adequacy - Tier 2
Deductions
Capital adequacy - Total
Net interest margin

Other Information (numbers)
Full time staff
Part time staff
Full time staff equivalent
Branches/service centres (Australia)
Agencies (Australia)
ATMs
EFTPOS terminals
EzyBanking

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

136
  1,720
 1.4
 1.3

  190.1
  190.1
  179.4

130
1,431
1.2
1.6

184.8
291.3
181.0

115
1,063
1.3
1.3

153.4
153.4
158.5

104
955
1.3
1.1

134.5
117.2
139.4

102
941
1.3
1.1

131.2
117.2
136.2

    71.2
    71.2
    75.5
    10.2
 1,260m
   709,647

83.5
53.0
85.3
9.2
927m
788,791

74.7
74.7
72.4
6.8
927m
404,728

76.3
87.6
73.7
6.7
930m
419,926

78.0
87.3
75.3
6.7
917m
426,229

  34.15
  26.18
  34.15

27.95
22.54
27.69

28.76
18.00
24.05

19.66
13.70
18.84

16.00
9.93
16.00

    13.5
    13.5

 1.1
 1.1
    6.51
    4.18
(1.53)
    9.16
    2.78

22.1
34.8

1.1
1.7
7.49
4.75
(2.49)
9.75
2.88

31,976
  7,161
34,960
  1,066
  3,928
  3,910
   122,074
659

34,154
7,383
37,131
1,441
4,020
4,141
116,064
603

20.5
20.5

1.1
1.1
7.05
3.12
(0.79)
9.38
3.09

26,394
6,655
28,964
1,162
3,934
2,602
90,152
n/a

18.5
16.1

1.0
0.9
8.07
2.82
(0.40)
10.49
3.33

18.2
16.4

1.1
0.9
8.64
2.82
(0.57)
10.89
3.53

28,034     30,566
6,968       7,364
30,743     33,543
1,218       1,334
4,015       4,205
2,501       2,301
83,038     63,370
n/a

n/a

Productivity
Total Operating Income per full-time (equivalent) employee ($)
Staff Expense/Total Operating Income (%)
Total Operating Expenses (3) /Total Operating Income (%)

   252,400
    26.7
    58.6

211,842
27.8
57.2

190,720
29.0
55.6

170,120
31.0
58.1

145,515
34.0
59.9

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Dividends  paid  divided  by  earnings.    The  comparative  ratios  have  been  amended  to  the  same  basis  as  the  current
year.  Previously this ratio was calculated as Dividend per share divided by Earnings per share.
Calculations  based  on  operating  profit  after  tax  and  outside  equity  interests  applied  to  average  shareholders’
equity/average total assets.
Total Operating Expenses excluding goodwill amortisation  and  charge  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts.  Note  the  different
business mix following the Colonial acquisition impacts comparison with prior years.
‘Cash  earnings’  for  the  purpose  of  these  financial  statements  is  defined  as  net  profit  after  tax  and  before  abnormal
items, goodwill amortisation and life insurance and funds management appraisal value uplift.

48

Financial Statements

Statements of Financial Performance ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Statements of Financial Position.............................................................................................................................................. 51
Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity ................................................................................................................... 52
Statements of Cash Flows......................................................................................................................................................... 53
Notes to the Financial Statements ........................................................................................................................................... 54
1  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies........................................................................................................................ 54
2  Acquisition of Colonial........................................................................................................................................................... 63
3  Operating Profit ..................................................................................................................................................................... 64
4  Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest...................................................................................................................... 66
Income Tax Expense ............................................................................................................................................................ 70
5 
6  Dividends, Provided For, Reserved or Paid......................................................................................................................... 71
7  Earnings Per Share............................................................................................................................................................... 72
8  Cash and Liquid Assets ........................................................................................................................................................ 72
9  Receivables from Other Financial Institutions  .................................................................................................................... 73
10  Trading Securities  ................................................................................................................................................................ 73
11 
Investment Securities ........................................................................................................................................................... 74
12  Loans, Advances and Other Receivables............................................................................................................................ 77
13  Provisions for Impairment ..................................................................................................................................................... 79
14  Credit Risk Concentrations ................................................................................................................................................... 83
15  Asset Quality ......................................................................................................................................................................... 90
16  Life Insurance Investment Assets ........................................................................................................................................ 95
17  Deposits with Regulatory Authorities ................................................................................................................................... 95
18  Shares in and Loans to Controlled Entities.......................................................................................................................... 95
19  Property, Plant and Equipment............................................................................................................................................. 96
Intangible Assets................................................................................................................................................................... 97
20 
21  Other Assets.......................................................................................................................................................................... 98
22  Deposits and Other Public Borrowings ................................................................................................................................ 98
23  Payables to Other Financial Institutions............................................................................................................................... 99
24 
Income Tax Liability .............................................................................................................................................................. 99
25  Other Provisions.................................................................................................................................................................. 100
26  Debt Issues ......................................................................................................................................................................... 100
27  Bills Payable and Other Liabilities ...................................................................................................................................... 102
28  Loan Capital ........................................................................................................................................................................ 103
29  Share Capital....................................................................................................................................................................... 105
30  Outside Equity Interests...................................................................................................................................................... 108
31  Capital Adequacy ................................................................................................................................................................ 109
32  Maturity Analysis of Monetary Assets and Liabilities......................................................................................................... 112
33  Financial Reporting by Segments ...................................................................................................................................... 114
34  Life Insurance Business...................................................................................................................................................... 117
35  Remuneration of Auditors ................................................................................................................................................... 123
36  Commitments for Capital Expenditure Not Provided for in the Accounts ......................................................................... 123
37  Lease Commitments - Property, Plant and Equipment ..................................................................................................... 123
38  Contingent Liabilities........................................................................................................................................................... 124
39  Market Risk ......................................................................................................................................................................... 126
40  Superannuation Commitments ........................................................................................................................................... 136
41  Controlled Entities ............................................................................................................................................................... 137
42 
Investments in Associated Entities and Joint Ventures..................................................................................................... 139
43  Standby Arrangements and Unused Credit Facilities........................................................................................................ 140
44  Related Party Disclosures .................................................................................................................................................. 140
45  Remuneration of Directors.................................................................................................................................................. 142
46  Remuneration of Executives............................................................................................................................................... 144
47  Statements of Cash Flow.................................................................................................................................................... 147
48  Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments ..................................................................................................... 149
Directors’ Declaration .............................................................................................................................................................. 151
Independent Audit Report ....................................................................................................................................................... 152
Shareholding Information........................................................................................................................................................ 153

49

Statements of Financial Performance
For the Year ended 30 June 2001

Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Other income:
Proceeds from sale of assets
Written down value of assets sold
Other
Net banking operating income

Premiums and related revenue
Investment revenue
Claims and policyholder liability expense
Life insurance margin on services operating income
Funds management fee income
Net life insurance and funds management operating income
before appraisal value uplift
Total net operating income before appraisal value uplift

Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Operating expenses:
Staff expenses
Occupancy and equipment expenses
Information technology services
Other expenses

Profit from ordinary activities before
appraisal value uplift, restructuring charge, goodwill
amortisation and income tax
Appraisal value uplift
Restructuring charge
Goodwill amortisation
Profit from ordinary activities before income tax
Income tax expense
Net profit
Outside equity interests in net profit

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Note

3
3

3
3

3

2001
$M

11,900
7,426
4,474

185
(104)
2,300
6,855

958
1,698
(1,388)
1,268
701

2000
$M

8,842
5,123
3,719

61
(36)
1,926
5,670

337
1,066
(1,077)
326
143

1,969
8,824

469
6,139

GROUP
1999
$M

7,745
4,218
3,527

798
(695)
1,640
5,270

236
590
(669)
157
97

254
5,524

2001
$M

8,560
5,261
3,299

149
(39)
2,462
5,871

-
-
-
-
-

BANK
2000
$M

7,239
4,230
3,009

29
(8)
1,984
5,014

-
-
-
-
-

-
5,871

-
5,014

3,13

385

196

247

276

191

3
3
3
3

34
1(aa)

5

2,360
604
748
1,458
5,170

3,269
474
-
(338)
3,405
993
2,412
(14)

1,705
437
571
694
3,407

2,536
1,165 (1)
(106) (1)
(57)
3,538

800 (1)

2,738
(38)

1,604
455
505
506
3,070

2,207
-
-
(47)
2,160
714
1,446
(24)

1,672
392
563
671
3,298

2,297
-
-
(49)
2,248
549
1,699
-

1,510
371
534
536
2,951

1,872
(26)
(106)
(39)
1,701
585
1,116
-

Net profit attributable to members of the Bank

2,398

2,700

1,422

1,699

1,116

Foreign currency translation adjustment
Revaluation of investments and properties
Total valuation adjustments
Total changes in equity other than those resulting from
transactions with owners as owners

98
5
103

(26)
-
(26)

(33)
-
(33)

6
-
6

(15)
589
574

2,501

2,674

1,389

1,705

1,690

Earnings per share based on net profit distributable to
members of the Bank
Basic and Fully Diluted
Dividends provided for, reserved or paid per share attributable
to members of the Bank:

7

6

Cents per share

190

136

291

130

153

115

(1)

For comparative purposes it should be noted that these amounts included $987 million reported as a net abnormal gain
at 30 June 2000, which is no longer disclosed as such due to the introduction of new accounting standard AASB 1018:
Statement of Financial Performance. Refer Note 1 (pp) for details.

50

Statements of Financial Position
As at 30 June 2001

Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other financial institutions
Trading securities
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables
Bank acceptances of customers
Life insurance investment assets
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Shares in and loans to controlled entities
Property, plant and equipment
Investment in associates
Intangible assets
Other assets
Total Assets

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings
Payables due to other financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Due to controlled entities
Provision for dividend
Income tax liability
Other provisions
Life insurance policyholder liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities

Loan Capital
Total Liabilities
Net Assets

Shareholders’ Equity
Share Capital
Ordinary Share Capital
Preference Share Capital
Reserves
Retained profits
Shareholders’ equity attributable to members of the Bank
Outside equity interests:
Controlled entities
Life insurance statutory funds
Total outside equity interests
Total Shareholders’ Equity

Note

8
9
10
11
12

16
17
18
19
42
20
21

22
23

6
24
25
34
26
27

28

29
29

30
30

2001
$M

3,709
4,622
6,909
9,705
136,059
12,075
31,213
61
-
919
400
10,852
13,887
230,411

117,355
6,903
12,075
-
779
1,355
1,007
27,029
24,484
13,872
204,859
5,704
210,563
19,848

12,455
687
4,091
1,160
18,393

(3)
1,458
1,455
19,848

GROUP
2000
$M

2,575
5,154
7,347
9,149
132,263
11,107
27,036
46
-
1,073
403
10,227
11,879
218,259

112,594
4,633
11,107
-
708
1,823
1,554
25,282
25,275
11,549
194,525
5,299
199,824
18,435

12,521
-
3,265
1,686
17,472

375
588
963
18,435

2001(1)
$M

3,286
3,795
5,020
6,873
112,634
12,158
-
4
16,425
688
258
3,151
11,876
176,168

103,475
6,349
12,158
8,225
779
414
837
-
10,690
11,547
154,474
5,624
160,098
16,070

12,455
687
2,278
650
16,070

-
-
-
16,070

BANK
2000
$M

2,103
4,329
4,692
7,169
90,661
10,674
-
3
17,349
739
297
412
8,255
146,683

88,240
4,136
10,674
4,326
708
550
808
-
8,205
8,428
126,075
4,803
130,878
15,805

12,521
-
2,304
980
15,805

-
-
-
15,805

(1)

The Commonwealth Bank of Australia became the successor in law to all the assets and liabilities of State Bank of New
South Wales (known as Colonial State Bank) effective on 4 June 2001 pursuant to legislation.

51

Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the year ended 30 June 2001

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Note

29

29

Ordinary Share Capital
Opening balance
Transfer from share premium reserve
Buyback
Buyback for dividend reinvestment plan
Dividend reinvestment plan
Employee share ownership schemes
Issue costs
Share issue to Colonial shareholders
Closing balance
Preference Share Capital
Opening balance
Issue of shares
Issue costs
Closing balance
Retained profits
Opening balance
Adjustment on adoption of new life insurance standard
Assumption of Colonial State Bank profits
Buyback
Transfers from reserves
Operating profit attributable to members of Bank
Total available for appropriation
Transfers to reserves (1)
Interim dividend - cash component
Interim dividend - appropriated to dividend reinvestment plan reserve
Provision for final dividend - cash component
Final dividend - appropriated to dividend reinvestment plan reserve
Other dividends
Closing balance
Reserves
General Reserve
Opening balance
Appropriation from profits
Transfer to retained profits
Closing balance
Capital Reserve
Opening balance
Transfers from reserves
Closing balance
Asset Revaluation Reserve
Opening balance
Revaluation of investments and properties
Transfers to capital reserve
Closing balance
Share Premium Reserve
Opening balance
Transfer to Ordinary Share Capital
Closing balance
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Reserve
Opening balance
Conversion to ordinary share capital and cash dividend
Appropriation from profits
Closing balance
Foreign Currency Translation Reserve
Opening balance
Currency translation adjustments
Transfer to retained profits
Closing balance

Total Reserves
Shareholders’ equity attributable to members of the Bank
(1)

Undistributable profits in respect of life insurance businesses.

52

2001
$M

2000
$M

GROUP
1999
$M

12,521
-
(275)
(140)
313
40
(4)
-
12,455

3,526
-
(553)
-
253
23
(2)
9,274
12,521

-
-
-
-

1,698
432
-
-
-
2,700
4,830
(1,713)
(405)
(118)
(708)
(200)
-
1,686

1,845
1,499
(246)
-
426
5
(3)
-
3,526

-
-
-
-

755
-
-
(404)
1,087
1,422
2,860
(99)
(275)
(183)
(472)
(133)
-
1,698

2001
$M

12,521
-
(275)
(140)
313
40
(4)
-
12,455

-
700
(13)
687

980
-
140
(449)
-
1,699
2,370
-
(642)
(131)
(765)
(168)
(14)
650

570
-
-
570

1,080
1,713
-
2,793

2,069
99
(1,088)
1,080

289
-
289

289
-
289

1,531
-
1,531

-
-
-
-

-
-
-

133
(251)
318
200

9
(26)
-
(17)

-
-
-
-

1,499
(1,499)
-

214
(397)
316
133

41
(33)
1
9

-
-
-
-

-
-
-

200
(331)
299
168

3
6
-
9

BANK
2000
$M

3,526
-
(553)
-
253
23
(2)
9,274
12,521

-
-
-
-

1,295
-
-
-
-
1,116
2,411
-
-
(118)
(1,113)
(200)
-
980

570
-
-
570

942
589
1,531

-
589
(589)
-

-
-
-

133
(251)
318
200

18
(15)
-
3

-
700
(13)
687

1,686
-
-
(449)
125
2,398
3,760
(880)
(642)
(131)
(765)
(168)
(14)
1,160

2,793
880
(125)
3,548

289
-
289

-
5
-
5

-
-
-

200
(331)
299
168

(17)
98
-
81

4,091
18,393

3,265
17,472

1,511
6,735

2,278
16,070

2,304
15,805

Statements of Cash Flows
For the Year ended 30 June 2001

Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Interest received
Dividends received
Interest paid
Other operating income received
Expenses paid
Income taxes paid
Net decrease (increase) in trading securities
Life insurance:
Investment income
Premiums received
Policy payments
Net Cash provided by Operating Activities

2001
$M

2000
$M

12,059
14
(7,704)
2,800
(5,583)
(1,252)
(262)

900
6,286
(5,423)
1,835

7,949
20
(4,538)
2,210
(3,215)
(976)
(50)

428
2,771
(2,112)
2,487

GROUP
1999
$M

7,796
6
(4,071)
1,972
(2,756)
(363)
(408)

2001(1)
$M

8,567
404
(5,299)
1,558
(3,296)
(947)
171

-
-
-
2,176

            -
            -
            -
1,158

BANK
2000
$M

7,314
83
(4,027)
1,768
(2,785)
(850)
(892)

-
-
-
611

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Payments for acquisition of entities
Net movement in investment securities:
  Purchases
  Proceeds from sale
  Proceeds at or close to maturity
Withdrawal (lodgement) of deposits with regulatory authorities
Net increase  in loans, advances and other receivables
Net amounts paid to controlled entities
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Net decrease (increase) in receivables due from other financial
institutions not at call
Net decrease (increase) in securities purchased under agreements
to resell
Net decrease (increase) in other assets
Life insurance:
Purchases of investment securities
Proceeds from sale/maturity of investment securities
Net Cash used in Investing Activities

(414)

(46)

(196)

(378)

(46)

(19,676)
28
19,654
15
(4,181)
              -
157
(132)
(184)

(16,852)
17
15,212
950
(8,791)
-
44
(94)
(3,697)

(13,337)
146
11,993
(121)
(11,819)
-
652
(81)
229

(17,937)
84
18,587
1
(4,311)
1,809
65
(41)
(190)

(15,050)
7
14,954
949
(7,789)
(1,011)
22
(81)
(3,060)

(891)

(433)

(465)

(891)

(433)

1,504

(2,424)

(423)

909

879

(21,229)
20,556
(4,793)

(11,356)
10,863
(16,607)

-
-
(13,422)

            -
            -
(2,293)

-
-
(10,659)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Buy back of shares
Proceeds from issue of shares (net of costs)
Net increase (decrease) in deposits and other borrowings
Net movement in debt issues
Dividends paid
Net movements in other liabilities
Net increase (decrease) in payables due to other financial
institutions not at call
Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to
repurchase
Issue of loan capital
Other
Net Cash provided by Financing Activities
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of period

(724)
723
5,246
(2,099)
(1,368)
(1,010)
1,396

(553)
4
6,043
5,834
(882)
461
2,470

(650)
6
9,476
399
(571)
(138)
(477)

(724)
723
1,565
(1,137)
(1,368)
(378)
1,378

(553)
4
6,991
1,865
(875)
44
2,361

(485)

327

(43)

(485)

327

              -
(69)
1,610
(1,348)
1,386
38

2,053
306
16,063
1,943
(557)
1,386

(317)
1,041
8,726
(2,520)
1,963
(557)

            -
293
(133)
(1,268)
848
(420)

1,975
(956)
11,183
1,135
(287)
848

(1)

There were no cash flows associated with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia becoming the successor in law to all
the assets and liabilities of State Bank of New South Wales (known as Colonial State Bank) effective on 4 June 2001
pursuant to legislation.

Details  of  Reconciliation  of  Cash  and  Reconciliation  of  Operating  Profit  After  Income  Tax  to  Net  Cash  Provided  by

Operating Activities are provided in Note 47.

It should be noted that the Group does not use this accounting Statement of Cash Flows in the internal management of

its liquidity positions.

53

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Bases of accounting

In  this  financial  report  Commonwealth  Bank  of
Australia  is  referred  to  as  the  ‘Bank’  or  ‘Company’,  and
the  ‘Group’  or  the  ‘Consolidated  Entity’  consists  of  the
Bank  and  its  controlled  entities.  The  financial  report  is
a general  purpose  financial  report  which  complies  with
the  requirements  of  the  Banking  Act,  Corporations  Act
2001,  applicable  Accounting  Standards  and  other
the
mandatory 
requirements  are  considered  appropriate  to  a  banking
corporation.

requirements  so 

reporting 

far  as 

The accounting policies applied are consistent with

those of the previous year, except as noted below.

the 

requirements 

The  Group  adopted 

of
AASB 1038:  Life  Insurance  Business  for  the  first  time
from  1  July  1999,  refer  note  1(jj).  From  1  July  2000
outside  equity  interests  in  managed  investment  funds
controlled by the life insurance statutory funds have been
brought to account. As a result  life  insurance  investment
assets  and  outside  equity  interests  have  increased  by
$1,458 million at 30 June 2001 ($588 million  at  30  June
2000).  This  change  has  no  impact  on  operating  profit
after  tax  attributable  to  the  Bank.  Comparative  figures
have been restated.

The Group has elected to apply revised accounting
standard  AASB  1005:  Segment  Reporting  prior  to  its
operative  date  in  accordance  with  Section  334(5)  of  the
Corporations Act 2001, refer Note 33.

The Group has elected to apply revised accounting
standard AASB 1041: Revaluation of Non-Current Assets
prior  to  its  operative  date  in  accordance  with  Section
334(5) of the Corporations Act 2001, refer Note 19.

Further,  in  accordance  with  revised  International
Accounting  Standard  IAS  1:  Presentation  of  Financial
Statements,  certain  income  and  expense  items  have
been  presented  on  a  net  basis.  The  principal  items
involved  are  the  netting  of  card  issuer  reimbursement
costs against merchant service fees. There is no effect on
profit and loss.

The Statements of Cash Flows has been  prepared
in accordance with the International Accounting Standard
IAS 7: Cash Flow Statements.

The preparation of the financial report in conformity
with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  requires
management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that
affect  the  amounts  reported  in  the  financial  statements
and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from
these  estimates  although  it  is  not  anticipated  that  such
differences would be material.

Unless otherwise  indicated, all amounts are  shown

in $ million and are expressed in Australian currency.

(b) Historical cost

for  AASB  1038:  Life 

The  financial  statements  of  the  Bank  and  the
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
accordance  with  the  historical  cost  convention  and,
except 
Insurance  Business
requirements and  where  indicated,  do  not  reflect  current
valuations  of  non  monetary  assets.  Domestic  bills
discounted  which  are  included  in  loans,  advances  and
the  Company  and
other  receivables  and  held  by 
securities and derivatives held for trading purposes have
been marked to market. The carrying amounts of all non
current  assets  are  reviewed  to  determine  whether  they
are  in  excess  of  their  recoverable  amount  at  balance
date.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

If  the  carrying  amount  of  a  non  current  asset
exceeds  the  recoverable  amount,  the  asset  is  written
down  to  the  lower  amount.  In  assessing  recoverable
amounts for particular classes of assets the relevant cash
flows  have  not  been  discounted  to  their  present  value
unless otherwise stated.

(c) Consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the
financial statements of the Bank and all  entities  where  it
is determined that there is a capacity to control as defined
in AASB 1024: Consolidated Accounts. All balances and
transactions  between  Group  entities  have  been
eliminated on consolidation.

The  Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia  became  the
successor  in  law  to  State  Bank  of  New  South  Wales
(known as Colonial State Bank) effective on 4 June 2001
pursuant  to  legislation.  On  that  date  State  Bank  of  New
South Wales  ceased  to  have  a  separate  legal  existence
and  all  its  assets  and  liabilities  became  assets  and
liabilities  of  the  parent  entity  Commonwealth  Bank  of
Australia.  This  succession  in  law  has  no  effect  on  the
consolidated Group. One outcome of this process  is that
the carrying amount of the Bank’s investment in Colonial
Group has been reduced to reflect the net tangible assets
and  goodwill  ($2,742  million,  refer  Note  20)  now  within
Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia.  There  is  no  effect  on
the  amount  of  goodwill  in  the  consolidated  financial
statements.

(d)

Investments in associated companies
Associated companies are defined as those entities
over  which  the  Group  has  significant  influence  but  there
is  no  capacity  to  control.  Details  of  material  associated
companies are shown in Note 42.

Investments  in  associates  are  carried  at  cost  plus
the  Group’s  share  of  post-acquisition  profit  or  loss.  The
Group’s share of profit or loss of associates is included in
the profit from ordinary activities.

(e)

Foreign currency translations
All  foreign  currency  monetary  assets  and  liabilities
are  revalued  at  rates  of  exchange  prevailing  at  balance
date. Foreign currency forward, futures, swaps and option
positions  are  valued  at  the  appropriate  market  rates
applying  at  balance  date.  Unrealised  gains  and  losses
arising  from  these  revaluations  and  gains  and  losses
arising  from  foreign  exchange  dealings  are  included  in
results.

The 

foreign  currency  assets  and 

liabilities  of
overseas  branches  and  overseas  controlled  entities  are
converted  to  Australian  currency  at  30  June  2001  in
accordance  with  the current  rate method. Profit and  loss
items  for  overseas  branches  and  overseas  controlled
entities  are  converted  to  Australian  dollars  progressively
throughout  the  year  at  the  exchange  rate  current  at  the
last calendar day of each month.

Translation  differences  arising  from  conversion  of
opening  balances  of  shareholders’  funds  of  overseas
controlled  entities  at  year  end  exchange  rates  are
excluded  from  profit  and  loss  and  reflected  in  a  Foreign
Currency  Translation  Reserve.  The  Group  maintains
a substantially matched position in assets and liabilities in
foreign  currencies  and  the  level  of  net  foreign  currency
exposure does not have a material effect on its financial
condition.

54

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued

(l)

Repurchase agreements
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are
retained  within  the  investment  or  trading  portfolios  and
accounted for accordingly. Liability accounts are  used  to
record the obligation to repurchase and are disclosed as
deposits  and  other  public  borrowings.  Securities  held
under  reverse  repurchase  agreements  are  recorded  as
liquid assets.

(m) Loans, advances and other receivables

Loans,  advances  and  other  receivables  include
overdrafts, home, credit card and other personal lending,
term loans, leasing, bill financing, redeemable preference
shares  and  leverage  leases.  They  are  carried  at  the
recoverable  amount  represented  by  the  gross  value  of
the  outstanding  balance  adjusted  for  provisions  for  bad
and  doubtful  debts,  interest  reserved  and  unearned  tax
remissions on leveraged leases. Interest and yield related
fees  are  reflected  in  profit  when  earned.  Yield  related
fees received in advance are deferred, included as part of
the carrying value  of  the  loan  and  amortised  to  profit  as
‘Interest  Income’  over  the  term  of  the  loan.  Note  1(n)
provides  additional  information  with  respect  to  leasing
and leveraged leasing.

Non Accrual Facilities
Non accrual facilities (primarily loans) are placed on
a  cash  basis 
income.  Upon
recognition  of 
classification  as  non  accrual,  all  interest  charged  in  the
current  financial  period  is  reversed  from  profit  and
reserved if it has not been received in cash.

for 

If  necessary,  a  specific  provision  for  impairment  is
recognised so that the carrying amount of the facility does
not exceed the expected future cash flows. In subsequent
periods, interest in arrears/due on non accrual facilities is
taken  to  profit  and  loss  when  a  cash  payment  is
received/realised  and  the  amount  is  not  designated  as
a principal payment. Non accrual facilities are restored to
an accrual basis when all principal and interest payments
are current and full collection is probable.

terms  modified, 

Restructured Facilities
When  facilities  (primarily  loans)  have  the  original
contractual 
the  accounts  become
classified  as  restructured.  Such  accounts  will  have
interest  accrued  to  profit  as  long  as  the  facility  is
performing on  the modified basis  in accordance  with  the
restructured  terms.  If  performance  is  not  maintained,  or
collection  of 
longer
interest  and/or  principal 
probable, the account will be returned to the non accrual
classification. Facilities are generally kept as non accrual
until they are returned to performing basis.

is  no 

Assets Acquired Through Securities Enforcement
(AATSE)
Assets acquired in satisfaction of facilities in default
(primarily  loans) are recorded at net market  value  at  the
date  of  acquisition.  Any  difference  between  the  carrying
amount  of  the  facility  and  the  net  market  value  of  the
assets acquired is represented as a specific provision for
diminution  of  value  or  written  off.  AATSE  are  further
classified as Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) or Other
Assets  Acquired  Through  Security  Enforcement
(OAATSE). Such assets are  classified  in  the appropriate
asset classifications in the balance sheet.

(f)

Roundings
The  amounts  contained  in  this  report  and  the
financial  statements  have  been  rounded  to  the  nearest
million  dollars  unless  otherwise  stated,  under  the  option
available  to  the  Company  under  ASIC  Class  Order
98/100.

(g)

Financial instruments
The Group is a full service financial institution which
offers  an  extensive  range  of  on  balance  sheet  and  off
balance sheet financial instruments.

For each class  of  financial  instrument  listed  below,
except for restructured  facilities referred to in Note 1(m),
financial  instruments  are  transacted  on  a  commercial
basis  to  derive  an  interest  yield/cost  with  terms  and
conditions  having  due  regard  to  the  nature  of  the
transaction and the risks involved.

(h) Cash and liquid assets

Cash  and  liquid  assets  includes  cash  at  branches,

cash at bankers and money at short call.

They are brought to account at the face value or the
the  outstanding  balance  where

gross  value  of 
appropriate.

Interest is taken to profit when earned.

(i)

Receivables due from other financial
institutions
Receivables 

from  other 

financial 

institutions
includes  loans,  nostro  balances  and  settlement  account
balances  due  from  other  banks.  They  are  brought  to
account  at  the  gross  value  of  the  outstanding  balance.
Interest is taken to profit when earned.

(j)

Trading securities
Trading  securities  are  short  and  long  term  public,
bank  and  other  debt  securities  and  equities  which  are
acquired and held for trading purposes. They are brought
to  account  at  net  fair  value  based  on  quoted  market
prices,  broker  or  dealer  price  quotations.  Realised  gains
and 
fair  value
adjustments  are  reflected  in  ‘Other  Income’.  Interest  on
trading  securities  is  reported  in  net  interest  earnings.
Trading securities are recorded on a trade date basis.

losses  on  disposal  and  unrealised 

(k)

Investment securities
Investment securities are securities purchased with

the intent of being held to maturity.

Investment  securities  are  short  and  long  term
public, bank and other securities and include bonds, bills
of  exchange,  commercial  paper,  certificates  of  deposit
and  equities.  These  securities  are  recorded  at  cost  or
amortised  cost.  Premiums  and  discounts  are  amortised
through  profit  and  loss  each  year  from  the  date  of
purchase so that securities attain their redemption values
by  maturity  date.  Interest  is  reflected  in  profit  when
earned.  Dividends  on  equities  are  brought  to  account  in
profit  on  declaration  date.  Any  profits  or  losses  arising
from  disposal  prior  to  maturity  are  taken  to  profit  in  the
period  in  which  they  are  realised.  The  cost  of  securities
sold  is  calculated  on  a  specific  identification  basis.
Unrealised losses related to permanent diminution  in the
value of investment securities are recognised in profit and
the 
those  securities  adjusted
accordingly.

recorded  values  of 

Investment securities are recorded on a  trade  date
basis. The relationship between book and net fair values
of investment securities is shown in Note 11.

55

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

General  provisions  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts  are
maintained  to  cover  non  identified  probable  losses  and
latent  risks  inherent  in  the  overall  portfolio  of  advances
and  other  credit 
transactions.  The  provisions  are
determined having regard to the general risk profile of the
credit  portfolio,  historical 
loss  experience,  economic
conditions and a range of other criteria.

The  amounts  required  to  bring  the  provisions  for
impairment  to  their  assessed  levels  are  taken  to  profit.
The balance of provisions for impairment and movements
therein are set out in Note 13.

All  facilities  subject  to  a  specific  provision  are
classified  as  non  accrual  and  interest  is  only  taken  to
profit when received in cash.

(p) Bank acceptances of customers

The exposure arising from the acceptance of bills of
exchange  that  are  sold  into  the  market  is  brought  to
account as a liability. An asset of equal value is raised to
reflect  the  offsetting  claim  against  the  drawer  of  the  bill.
Bank acceptances generate fee income which is taken to
profit when earned.

(q) Deposits with regulatory authorities

In  several  countries  in  which  the  Group  operates,
the law requires that the Group lodge regulatory deposits
with the local central bank at a rate of interest below that
generally  prevailing  in  that  market.  The  amount  of  the
deposit and the interest rate receivable are calculated  in
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  local  central
bank. Interest is taken to profit when earned.

(r)

Shares in and loans to controlled entities
These investments are recorded at the lower of cost

or recoverable amount.

(s) Property, plant and equipment

At  year  end, 

independent  market  valuations,
reflecting  current  use,  were  obtained  for  all  individual
property  holdings  (other  than  leasehold  improvements).
Directors adopt a valuation based on independent advice.
Adjustments  arising  from  revaluation  are  reflected  in
Asset  Revaluation  Reserve,  except  to  the  extent  the
adjustment  reverses  a  revaluation  previously  recognised
in profit and loss. For the current year the revaluation had
minimal effect on the level of the reserve.

Depreciation  on  owned  buildings  is  based  on  the
assessed useful  life  of  each  building.  The  book  value  of
buildings  demolished  as  part  of  the  redevelopment  of  a
site  is  written  off  in  the  financial  year  in  which  the
buildings  are  demolished.  Leasehold  improvements  are
capitalised  and  depreciated  over  the  unexpired  term  of
the current lease.

Equipment  is  shown  at  cost  less  depreciation
calculated  principally  on  a  category  basis  at  rates
applicable  to  each  category’s  useful  life.  Depreciation  is
calculated using the straight  line  method.  It is treated as
an operating expense and charged to profit. The amounts
charged for the year are shown in Note 3.

Profit  or  loss  on  sale  of  property  is  treated  as
operating income or expense. Realised amounts in Asset
Revaluation Reserve are transferred to Capital Reserve.

Bad Debts
Bad debts are written off in the period in which they
are 
recognised.  Bad  debts  previously  specifically
provided  for  are  written  off  against  the  related  specific
provisions, while bad debts not provided for are written off
through  the  general  provision.  Any  subsequent  cash
recovery is credited to the general provision.

 (n) Leasing and leveraged leasing

Finance leases are accounted for using the finance
method  and  are  included  in  loans,  advances  and  other
receivables. Income, determined on an actuarial basis, is
taken to account over the term of the lease in relation  to
the outstanding investment balance.

The  finance  method  also  applies  to  leveraged
leases  but  with  income  being  brought  to  account  at  the
rate  which  yields  a  constant  rate  of  return  on  the
outstanding  investment  balance  over  the  life  of  the
transaction  so  as 
to  reflect  the  underlying  assets,
liabilities,  revenue  and  expenses  that  flow  from  the
arrangements. Where  a  change  occurs  in  the  estimated
lease  cash  flows  or  available  tax  benefits  at  any  stage
during  the  term  of  the  lease,  the  total  lease  profit  is
recalculated  for  the  entire  lease  term  and  apportioned
over the remaining lease term.

In  accordance  with  amendments  to  AASB  1008:
Leases, all leveraged leases with a lease term beginning
from 1 July 1999 are accounted for as finance leases with
income  brought  to  account  progressively  over  the  lease
term.

Leveraged  lease  receivables  are  recorded  under
loans, advances and other receivables at amounts which
reflect  the  equity  participation  in  the  lease.  The  debt
provider in the transaction has no recourse other than  to
the  unremitted  lease  rentals  and  the  equipment  under
lease.

Operating  lease  rental  revenue  and  expense  is
recognised  in  the  profit  in  equal  periodic  amounts  over
the effective lease term.

(o) Provisions for impairment

Provisions  for  credit  losses  are  maintained  at  an
amount  adequate  to  cover  anticipated  credit  related
losses.  Credit  losses  arise  primarily  from  loans  but  also
from other credit instruments such as bank acceptances,
and
liabilities, 
contingent 
investments  and  assets  acquired 
through  security
enforcement.

instruments 

financial 

full
Specific  provisions  are  established  where 
recovery  of  principal  is  considered  doubtful.  Specific
provisions  are  made  against  individual  facilities  in  the
credit  risk  rated  managed  segment  where  exposure
aggregates to $250,000 or more, and a loss of $10,000 or
more is expected. A specific provision is also established
against  each  statistically  managed  portfolio 
the
statistically  managed  segment  to  cover  facilities  which
are  not  well  secured  and  past  due  180  days  or  more,
against  the  credit  risk  rated  managed  segment  for
exposures  aggregating  to  less  than  $250,000  and  90
days past due or more, and against emerging credit risks
identified  in  specific  segments  in  the  credit  risk  rated
managed portfolio. These provisions are funded primarily
by reference to historical ratios of write offs to balances in
default.

in 

56

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued

(s) Property, plant and equipment

(v) Deposits and other public borrowings

Deposits  and  other  public  borrowings  includes
certificates  of  deposits,  term  deposits,  savings  deposits,
cheque  and  other  demand  deposits,  debentures  and
other  funds  raised  publicly  by  borrowing  corporations.
They  are  brought  to  account  at  the  gross  value  of  the
outstanding  balance.  Interest  is  taken  to  profit  when
incurred.

(w) Payables due to other financial institutions

Payables due to other financial institutions includes
deposits,  vostro  balances  and  settlement  account
balances  due  to  other  banks.  They  are  brought  to
account  at  the  gross  value  of  the  outstanding  balance.
Interest is taken to profit when incurred.

(x) Provision for dividend

The provision for dividend represents the maximum
expected cash component of the declared final dividend.
The  remaining  portion  of  the  dividend  is  appropriated  to
the  Dividend  Reinvestment  Plan  Reserve  where  new
shares are to be issued under the plan.

(y)

Income taxes
The  Group  has  adopted  the  liability  method  of  tax
effect  accounting.  The  tax  effect  of  timing  differences
which  arise  from  items  being  brought  to  account  in
different periods for income tax and accounting purposes
is disclosed as a future income tax benefit or a provision
for deferred income tax. Amounts are offset where the tax
payable  and  realisable  benefit  are  expected  to  occur  in
the  same  financial  period.  The  future  income  tax  benefit
relating to tax losses and timing differences is not carried
forward as an asset unless the benefit is virtually  certain
of being utilised (Notes 5 and 21).

(z)

Provisions for employee entitlements
The  provision  for  long  service  leave  is  subject  to
actuarial review and is maintained at a level that accords
with actuarial advice.

The  provision  for  annual  leave  represents  the
outstanding  liability as at balance date.  Actual  payments
made  during  the  year  are  included  in  Salaries  and
Wages.

The  provision 

for  other  employee  entitlements
represents  liabilities  for  staff  housing  loan  benefits  and
a subsidy  to  a  registered  health  fund  with  respect  to
retired employees and current employees.

The level of these provisions has  been  determined
in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  AASB  1028:
Accounting for Employee Entitlements.

(aa) Provision for restructuring

restructuring 

Provision for Restructuring (2000)
In June 2000 the Group acquired a 100% interest in
the Colonial Limited Group of companies. This resulted in
within
consequent 
Commonwealth  Bank’s  existing  business.  The  provision
for  restructuring  covers  the  integration  of  the  Colonial
operations  into  the  existing  Group  and  rationalisation  of
existing  processing  and  administrative  functions.  The
principal costs associated with this programme are in the
area of redundancy, property and systems. Refer Note 2
for further details on the Colonial acquisition.

requirements 

The useful lives of major depreciable assets are as

follows:

Buildings
Shell
-
Integral plant and equipment
-
-
-

carpets
all other (air-conditioning,
lifts)

- Non integral plant and

equipment
-

fixtures and fittings

Leasehold improvements

Security surveillance systems
Furniture

Equipment
-
-
- Office machinery
-

EFTPOS machines

Maximum 30 years

10 years
20 years

10 years

Lesser of unexpired
lease term or lives as
above

10 years
8 years
5 years
3 years

its
The  Bank  has  outsourced  the  majority  of 
information  processing  and  does  not  own  any  material
amounts of computer or communications equipment.

(t)

Goodwill
Goodwill,  representing  the  excess  of  purchase
consideration plus incidental expenses over the fair value
of the  identifiable net assets at the  time of acquisition of
an  entity,  is  capitalised  and  brought  to  account  in  the
balance sheet.

The  goodwill  so  determined 

is  amortised  on
a straight  line  basis  over  the  period  of  expected  benefit
but not exceeding 20 years. Purchased goodwill resulting
from  the  acquisition  of  the  Colonial  Group  in  June  2000
and  the  amortisation  policy  is  set  out  in  Note  2.
Purchased  goodwill  arising  from  the  merger  with  the
State  Bank  of  Victoria  in  1991  is  being  amortised  over
20 years. Purchased goodwill arising from the acquisition
of  the  25%  minority  interest  in  ASB  Group  in  New
Zealand in August 2000 is being amortised over 20 years.
Goodwill  on  acquisition  of  Commonwealth  Funds
Management  in  December  1996,  Micropay  in  1995  and
Leaseway in April 1997 is being amortised over 10, 7 and
5 years respectively. The periods of goodwill amortisation
are subject to review annually by the Directors.

(u) Other assets

Other assets includes all other financial assets and
includes  interest,  fees,  market  revaluation  of  trading
derivatives  and  other  unrealised  income  receivable  and
securities sold not  delivered.  These  assets  are  recorded
at the cash value to be realised when settled.

for 

the  American 

Capitalisation of Computer Software Costs
In  accordance  with 

Institute  of
Certified  Public  Accountants  Statement  of  Position  98-1
‘Accounting 
the  Costs  of  Computer  Software
Developed  or  Obtained  for  Internal  Use’,  the  Group
carries  net  unamortised  capitalised  computer  software
costs of $77 million as at 30 June 2001. The amortisation
period for  software  is 2½  years except  for certain  longer
term projects. Software maintenance costs continue to be
expensed as incurred.

57

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Restructuring Costs (2000)
The 

integration  of  Colonial 

the  Group’s
structure  resulted  in  an  expense  for  restructuring  of
$106 million  ($86  million  after  tax)  being  charged  to  the
Bank’s  result  in  the  year  ending  30  June  2000  (Refer
Note 25).

into 

(bb) Provision for self insurance

The provision  for self insurance covers  certain  non
lending  losses  and  non  transferred  insurance  risks.
Actuarial reviews are carried out at regular  intervals  with
provisioning effected in accordance with actuarial advice.

(cc) Debt issues

Debt issues are short and long  term debt issues of
the Group including commercial paper, notes, term loans
and  medium  term  notes  which  are  recorded  at  cost  or
amortised  cost.  Premiums,  discounts  and  associated
issue  expenses  are  amortised  through  profit  and  loss
each year from the date of issue so that securities attain
their redemption values by maturity date.

Interest is reflected in profit as incurred. Any profits
or  losses  arising  from  redemption  prior  to  maturity  are
taken to profit in the period in which they are realised.

It  was  not  available 

Share  premium  reserve  was  derived  from  the
premium  over  par  value  received  from  the  issue  of
shares. 
to
shareholders  in  the  form  of  a  cash  dividend.  Following
changes to  the  Corporation  Law  on  1  July  1998,  shares
have  no  par  value  and  the  related  Share  Premium
Reserve became part of share capital.

for  distribution 

Dividend reinvestment plan reserve is  appropriated
from revenue profits when the Bank is expecting to satisfy
the  dividend  reinvestment  by  the  issue  of  new  shares.
The amount of the reserve represents the estimate of the
minimum  expected  amount  that  will  be  reinvested  in  the
Bank’s  dividend  reinvestment  plan.  The  allotment  of
shares under the plan is subsequently applied against the
reserve. This accounting treatment reflects the probability
that a fairly stable proportion of the Bank’s  final dividend
will be reinvested in equity via the dividend reinvestment
plan.  No  entry  is  passed  to  this  reserve  when  the  Bank
has determined to satisfy the dividend reinvestment by an
on market purchase of existing shares.

Further  details  of  share  capital,  outside  equity
interests  and  reserves  are  shown  in  Notes  29,  30  and
Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

Further  details  of  the  Group’s  debt  issues  are

(gg) Derivative financial instruments

shown in Note 26.

(dd) Bills payable and other liabilities

Bills  payable  and  other  liabilities  includes  all  other
financial  liabilities  and  includes  interest,  fees,  market
revaluation  of  trading  derivatives  and  other  unrealised
expenses  payable  and  securities  purchased  not
delivered.

These  liabilities  are  recorded  at  the  cash  value  to

be realised when settled.

(ee) Loan capital

Loan capital is debt issued by the Group with terms
and  conditions,  such  as  being  undated  or  subordinated,
which qualify the debt issue for inclusion as capital under
APRA.  Loan  capital  debt  issues  are  recorded  at  cost  or
amortised cost.

issue
Premiums,  discounts  and  associated 
expenses are amortised through profit each year from the
date  of  issue  so  that  securities  attain  their  redemption
values  by  maturity  date.  Interest  is  reflected  in  profit  as
incurred.  Any  profits  or  losses  arising  from  redemption
prior to maturity are taken to profit in the period in  which
they are realised.

Further  details  of  the  Group’s  loan  capital  debt

issues are shown in Note 28.

(ff) Shareholders’ equity

Ordinary  share  capital  is  the  amount  of  paid  up

capital from the issue of ordinary shares.

Preference Share Capital  is  the  amount  of  paid  up

capital from the issue of preference shares.

General reserve is derived from revenue profits and
is available  for dividend except for  undistributable  profits
in  respect  of  the  Group’s  life  insurance  businesses  of
$2,699  million, 
the  appraisal  value  uplift
(2000: $1,944 million, 1999: $231 million).

including 

Capital reserve is derived from capital profits and is

available for dividend.

The  Group  enters  into  a  significant  volume  of
derivative  financial  instruments  which  include  foreign
exchange  contracts,  forward  rate  agreements,  futures,
options  and  interest  rate,  currency,  equity  and  credit
swaps.  Derivative  financial  instruments  are  used  as  part
of  the  Group’s  trading  activities  and  to  hedge  certain
assets and liabilities.

Derivative financial instruments held or issued for
trading purposes
Traded derivative financial instruments are recorded
at net fair value based on quoted market prices, broker or
dealer price quotations. A positive revaluation amount of
a  contract  is  reported  as  an  asset  and  a  negative
revaluation amount of a contract as a liability. Changes in
net  fair  value  are  reflected  in  profit  immediately  they
occur.

is 

in  holding  or 

Derivative financial instruments held or issued for
purposes other than trading
The  principal  objective 

to  manage  balance  sheet 

issuing
derivative  financial  instruments  for  purposes  other  than
interest  rate,
trading 
exchange  rate  and  credit  risk  associated  with  certain
assets and liabilities such as loans, investment securities,
deposits and debt issues. To be effective as hedges, the
derivatives  are  identified  and  allocated  against 
the
underlying  hedged  item  or  class  of  items  and  generally
modify 
interest  rate,  exchange  rate  or  credit
characteristics  of  the  hedged  asset  or  liability.  Such
derivative  financial  instruments  are  purchased  with  the
intent  of  being  held  to  maturity.  Derivatives  that  are
designated and effective as hedges are accounted for on
the same basis as the instruments they are hedging.

the 

Swaps
Interest  rate  swap  receipts  and  payments  are
accrued to profit as interest of the hedged item or class of
items being hedged over the  term  for  which  the  swap  is
effective as a hedge of that designated item. Premiums or
discounts  to  market  interest  rates  which  are  received  or
made  in  advance  are  deferred  and  amortised  to  profit
over the term for which the swap is effective as a hedge
of the underlying hedged item or class of items.

58

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued

Similarly  with  cross  currency  swaps,  interest  rate
receipts  and  payments  are  brought  to  account  on  the
same  basis  outlined  in  the  previous  paragraph.  In
addition,  the  initial  principal  flows  are  reported  net  and
revalued to market at  the  current  market  exchange  rate.
Revaluation  gains  and  losses  are  taken  to  profit  against
revaluation  losses  and  gains  of  the  underlying  hedged
item or class of items.

Credit  default  swaps  are  utilised  to  manage  credit
risk in the asset portfolio. Premiums are accrued to profit
and loss as interest of the hedged item or class of  items
being  hedged  over  the  term  for  which  the  instrument  is
effective as a hedge. Any principal cash flow on default is
brought to account on the same basis as the designated
item being hedged. Credit default swaps held at balance
date are immaterial.

Equity  swaps  are  utilised  to  manage  the  risk
associated  with  both  the  capital  investment  in  equities
and  the  related  yield.  These  swaps  enable  the  income
stream to be reflected in profit and loss when earned. Any
capital gain or  loss at maturity of the  swap  is  brought  to
account on the same basis as the underlying equity being
hedged.

Forward rate agreements and futures
losses  on 
Realised  gains  and 

rate
agreements  and  futures  contracts  are  deferred  and
included as part of the carrying value of the hedged item
or  class  of  items  being  hedged.  The  cash  flow  is
amortised to profit as interest of the hedged item or class
of  items  being  hedged  over  the  term  for  which  the
instrument is effective as a hedge.

forward 

Options
Where  options  are  utilised  in  the  management  of
balance sheet risk, premiums on options and any realised
gains  and  losses  on  exercise  are  deferred  and  included
as part of the carrying value of the hedged  item or class
of items being hedged.  The  cash  flows  are  amortised  to
profit  as  interest  of  the  hedged  item  or  class  of  items
being  hedged  over  the  term  for  which  the  instrument  is
effective as a hedge.

Early termination
Where  a  derivative  instrument  hedge  is  terminated
prior  to  its  ‘maturity  date’,  realised  gains  and  losses  are
deferred and included as part of the carrying value of the
hedged item or class of items being hedged.

The cash flows are amortised to profit as interest of
the hedged item or class of items being hedged over the
period  for  which  the  hedge  would  have  been  effective.
Where the underlying hedged item or class of items being
hedged  ceases  to  exist,  the  derivative  instrument  hedge
is  terminated  and  realised  and  unamortised  gains  or
losses taken to profit and loss.

Further 

information 

on 

derivative 

financial

instruments is shown in Note 39.

(hh) Commitments to extend credit, letters of credit,

guarantees, warranties and indemnities issued
These  financial  instruments  generally  relate  to
credit  risk  and  attract  fees  in  line  with  market  prices  for
similar  arrangements.  They  are  not  sold  or  traded.  The
items generally do not involve cash payments other than
in the event of default. The fee pricing is set as part of the
broader  customer  credit  process  and 
the
probability  of  default.  They  are  recorded  as  contingent
liabilities at their face value. Further information is shown
in Note 38.

reflects 

(ii) Revenue recognition

Revenue  is  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is
probable that the economic benefits will flow to the entity
and the revenue can be reliably measured. The principal
sources  of  revenue  are  interest  income  and  fees  and
commissions.

Interest income
Interest income is reflected in profit when earned on
an accrual basis. Further information is included in Notes
1(k)  Investment  securities,  1(m)  Loans,  advances  and
other  receivables  and  1(n)  Leasing  and 
leveraged
leasing.

Lending fees
Material non refundable front end loan fees that are
yield  related  and  do  not  represent  cost  recovery,  are
taken  to  profit  over  the  period  of  the  loan.  Associated
costs incurred  in these  lending transactions are deferred
and  netted  against  yield  related  loan  fees.  Where  non
refundable front end loan fees are received that represent
cost recovery or charges for services not directly related
to  the  yield  on  a  loan,  they  are  taken  to  income  in  the
period  in  which  they  are  received.  Where  fees  are
received  on  an  ongoing  basis  and  represent 
the
recoupment of the costs of maintaining and administering
existing  loans,  these  fees  are  taken  to  income  on  an
accrual basis.

Commission and other fees
When  commission  charges  and  fees  relate  to
specific  transactions  or  events,  they  are  recognised  as
income 
in  which  they  are  received.
However,  when  they  are  charged  for  services  provided
over  a  period,  they  are  taken  to  income  on  an  accrual
basis.

in  the  period 

Other income
Trading income is brought to account when earned
financial
based  on  changes 
instruments  and  recorded 
trade  date.  Further
information  is  included  in  Notes  1(e)  Foreign  currency
transactions,  1(j)  Trading  securities  and  1(gg)  Derivative
financial  instruments.  Life  insurance  business  income
recognition is explained in Note 1(jj) below.

fair  value  of 

in  net 

from 

(jj)

they  are  designated  as 

Life Insurance Business
The  Group’s  life  insurance  business  is  accounted
for  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  Accounting
Standard  AASB  1038:  Life  Insurance  Business  which  is
summarised below:
(i)

All assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and equity
are  included  in  the  financial  report  irrespective  of
whether 
to
policyholders or to shareholders.
(ii)
All assets are measured at net market values.
(iii) All  liabilities  are  measured  at  net  present  values.
Policy  liabilities  are  calculated  in  accordance  with
the  principles  of  Margin  on  Services  (MoS)  profit
reporting as set out in Actuarial Standard  AS  1.02:
Valuation  of  Policy  Liabilities  issued  by  the  Life
Insurance  Actuarial  Standards  Board.  Other
Liabilities  are  measured  at  net  present  value  at
reporting date.

relating 

(iv) Any  life  insurers  within  the  Group  that  are  parent
entities  recognise  and  disclose  any  excess  or
deficiency  of  the  net  market  values  of  interests  in
subsidiaries  over 
those
subsidiaries as an item in the financial report of the
life insurer economic entity.

the  net  assets  of 

59

Notes to the financial statements

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued
(cid:1) 
(v) Premiums  and  claims  are  separated  on  a  product
basis  into  their  revenue,  expense  and  change  in
liability  components  unless  the  separation  is  not
practicable  or  the  components  cannot  be  reliably
measured.

(vi) Returns  on  all  investments  controlled  by  a  life
insurer  entity  in  the  Group  are  recognised  as
revenues.

(vii) Participating  benefits  vested  in  relation  to  the
financial  year,  other  than  transfers  from  unvested
policyholder  benefits  liabilities,  are  recognised  as
expenses.

(viii) Reinsurance  contracts  taken  are  recognised  on

a gross basis.
The  Group  conducts 

life 

insurance  business
through  Commonwealth 
Insurance  Holdings  Limited
(CIHL),  Commonwealth  Life  Limited  (CLL)  and  The
Colonial  Mutual  Life  Assurance  Society  Limited  (CMLA)
in  Australia,  ASB  Life  Assurance  Limited  (ASB  Life),
Sovereign  Assurance  Company,  Metropolitan  Life
Assurance Company of NZ Limited and Colonial Holding
Company No2 (NZ) Limited  in New Zealand and several
subsidiaries  and  joint  ventures  throughout  Asia.  CIHL,
CMLA  and  ASB  Life  are  the  top  tier  life  insurance
companies  within  the  life  insurance  corporate  structure
and  they  market  value  their  interests  in  their  controlled
entities at each reporting date.

Accounting  policies  and  disclosures  specific  to  life
insurance  business  are  required  under  AASB  1038.
These are provided in this note and Notes 16, 20 and 34.

Premiums and Claims
Investment linked business

(i)

recognised  as  an 

Premiums received, which are in the nature of
investment  deposits,  have  the  fee  portion  of  the
premium  recognised  as  revenue  and  the  deposit
in  policy
portion 
liabilities.  Premiums  with  no  due  date  are
recognised on a cash received basis. Fees  earned
by the Shareholder for managing the funds invested
are 
revenue.  Claims  under
investment linked businesses represent withdrawals
of  investment  deposits  and  are  recognised  as
a reduction in policy liabilities.

recognised  as 

increase 

(ii) Non-investment linked business

Premiums received for providing services and
bearing risks are recognised as revenue. Premiums
with a regular due date are recognised as revenue
on an accruals basis. Non-investment linked claims
are  recognised  as  an  expense  when  a  liability  has
been established.
Market Value Accounting
All  assets  are  valued  at  net  market  value  (NMV)
and  all  liabilities  at  net  present  value  at  balance  date.
Consistent with the principles of market value accounting,
movements  in  the  net  market  value  of  assets  and  net
the  period  are
present  value  of 
immediately recognised in profit.

liabilities  during 

Life insurance investment assets
Investments  are  measured  at  net  market  values  at
balance  date.  Listed  securities  are  valued  at  the  price
ruling  at  balance  date.  Where  no  quoted  market  exists,
the  Directors  adopt  various  methods  determined  by
internal  and  external  valuers.  In  these  cases  the  values
are  deemed  equivalent  to  net  market  value.  Details  of
particular methods adopted are as follows:

60

(cid:1) 

sales 

about 

future 

Valuation  of  the  investment  in  the  life  insurance
controlled  entities  is  based  on  the  appraisal  value.
The appraisal value comprises the present value of
future  profits  from  in  force  business,  the  estimated
value  of  profits  from  future  business  and  the
shareholders  interest  in  the  net  worth  of  the  life
insurance Statutory and Shareholder Funds.
Non  life  insurance  controlled  entities  are  valued
using  a  discounted  cash  flow  method  applied  to
anticipated  future  income  streams,  allowing  for
assumptions 
growth,
redemptions, expenses, investment returns and fee
margins.  This  method  allows 
the  values  so
calculated to be expressed in the  form of appraisal
values,  consistent  with  those  calculated  for  the  life
insurance  controlled  entities.  Valuation  of 
the
investment  in  the  non  life  insurance  controlled
entities is then based on these calculated appraisal
values as at reporting date.
Properties  are  valued  annually  by  qualified
independent valuers.
Excess of Net Market Value over Net Assets of
Controlled Entities
Interests  in  controlled  entities  held  by  the  life
insurance  companies  are  subject  to  revaluation  each
period, such that the investment in the controlled entity is
recorded at market value.
On  consolidation 

in  controlled
the 
entities  is  eliminated  and  the  excess  of  market  value  of
controlled  entities  over  their  underlying  net  assets  is
separately  recognised  in  Intangible  Assets  (Note  20)  on
the  balance  sheet  as  ‘Excess  of  Net  Market  Value  over
Net Tangible Assets of Life Insurance Controlled Entities’.
This  amount  is  assessed  periodically  as  part  of  the
valuation  of  investments  with  changes  in  value  taken  to
profit.  This  excess  does  not  require  amortisation  in  the
financial statements.

investment 

(cid:1) 

Life insurance policy liabilities and margin on
services profit
Policy  liabilities  are  calculated  in  accordance  with
the principles of Margin on Services (MoS) profit reporting
as  set  out  in  Actuarial  standard  AS  1.02:  Valuation  of
Policy  Liabilities  issued  by  the  Life  Insurance  Actuarial
Standards Board. Policy liabilities are calculated in a way
which allows  for  the systematic release of  planned  profit
margins as services are provided to policyowners and the
revenues 
received.
Selected  profit  carriers 
including  premiums  and
anticipated annuity payments are used to determine profit
recognition.
Profit
Life  insurance  business  operating  under  this  profit

those  services  are 

relating 

to 

recognition methodology can be analysed as follows:
(i)

Emergence of planned profit margins:

In  setting  premium  rates,  life  insurers  will
revenues  over
include  planned  margins  of 
expenses. When the life insurer has performed the
services  necessary  to  establish  a  valid  claim  to
those  margins  and  has  received  the  revenues
relating to  those services, the planned margins are
in  profit.  Where  actual  experience
recognised 
replicates  planned  margin  assumptions, 
the
planned  profit  margin  will  be  released  over  the  life
of the policy.

Notes to the financial statements

from 

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued
(cid:1) 
(ii) Difference between actual and planned experience:
Experience profits/(losses) are realised where
actual  experience  differs 
the  expected
performance  used  to  determine  planned  margins.
Circumstances 
experience
in
profits/(losses) 
claims,  expenses,  mortality,  discontinuance  and
investment  returns.  For  example,  an  experience
profit will emerge when the expenses of maintaining
all in force business in a year are lower than  those
allowed for in the planned margin.
Loss  recognition  on  groups  of  related  products  or
reversals of previously recognised losses:

include  experience  variations 

giving 

rise 

(iii)

to 

(cid:1) 

is  recognised 

Where future expenses for a group of related
products  exceeds  future  revenues,  the  anticipated
If  unprofitable
loss 
business becomes profitable, previously recognised
losses are reversed immediately.
Investment  earnings  on  assets  in  excess  of  policy
liabilities:

immediately. 

(iv)

liabilities. 

to  meet  policy 

Investment assets are held in excess of those
Investment
required 
earnings  are  directly 
influenced  by  market
conditions and as such this component of profit will
vary from year to year.
Participating Policies
Policy  liabilities  attributable  to  participating  policies
include  the  value  of  future  planned  shareholder  profit
margins  and  an  allowance 
future  supportable
bonuses. The value of supportable bonuses and planned
shareholder  profit  margins  account  for  all  profit  on
participating 
estimate
based 
assumptions.

policies 

best 

for 

on 

Under  Margin  on  Services  profit 

recognition
methodology,  the  value  of  supportable  bonuses  and  the
shareholder profit margin relating to a reporting  year  will
emerge as planned profits in that year.

Policy Acquisition Costs
Policy  acquisition  costs 

include 

the  fixed  and
variable costs of acquiring new business. These costs are
effectively  deferred  through  the  determination  of  policy
liabilities  at  the  balance  date  to  the  extent  that  they  are
deemed  recoverable  from  premium  or  policy  charges.
Deferred  acquisition  costs  are  effectively  amortised  over
the life of the policy.

Changes in Accounting Policy (2000)
The Group adopted the requirements of AASB 1038
for the first time from 1 July 1999. AASB 1038 prescribes
the methods to be used in the reporting of  life  insurance
business  and  establishes  disclosure  requirements  with
respect  to  that  business  in  the  financial  report.  The
following accounting policy changes were implemented:
(cid:1) 

financial  report 

includes 

to  assets, 

The  consolidated 
the
financial  statements  of  controlled  life  insurance
subsidiaries,  comprising  both  shareholders  and
policyholders  entitlements 
liabilities,
revenues,  and  expenses.  Adoption  of  AASB  1038
increased 
liabilities  by
total  assets  and 
$26.5 billion and $25.3 billion respectively.
Revenue  and  expense  items  of  life  insurance
businesses are consolidated on a line by line basis
in the consolidated profit and loss statement.  Initial
adoption  of  AASB  1038  had  no  effect  on  reported
profits  as  shareholders  entitlements 
to  profits
emerging from the Statutory Funds were recognised
in  the  Group’s  consolidated  financial  report  in
previous periods.

total 

(cid:1) 

in 

life 

insurance  policy 

the  Statutory  Funds  of 

the  underlying  net  assets 

retained  earnings  and  other 

reserves
The 
attributable to policyholders have been disclosed as
part  of 
liabilities.  Profit
attributable to policyholders  is  included in ‘increase
in  policy  liabilities’.  This  approach  recognises  the
separate  entitlements  of  policyholders  and
shareholders 
life
insurance entities as required by the Life Insurance
Act 1995.
Controlled  entities  of  Life  Insurance  companies,
under AASB 1038, are required to be valued at net
market  value.  AASB  1038  requires  the  differences
between  the  net  market  value  of  the  controlled
entities  and 
to  be
recognised as the ‘excess’ of net market value over
net  assets  of  life  insurance  controlled  entities  (the
‘excess’) 
report.
Several internal Group restructurings have occurred
placing 
funds
management  controlled  entities  under  insurance
Insurance
companies,  namely  Commonwealth 
Holdings  Limited  (CIHL)  and  The  Colonial  Mutual
Life Assurance Society Limited (CMLA). The impact
of the restructuring that occurred during the year to
30 June 2000 was:
-

required
Initial  adoption  of  AASB  1038 
Commonwealth Life Limited (CLL) to be marked
to market.  The resultant excess of  $432  million
was  taken  directly  to  retained  earnings  as
required under the standard.

the  consolidated 

insurance 

financial 

certain 

and 

life 

in 

-

- Various  Colonial  Group  companies  were
transferred  into  CMLA  and  this  resulted  in  an
increase  in  the  excess  by  $551  million  at
30 June  2000.  This 
includes  $212  million
transferred from goodwill into excess.
Transfer of Commonwealth Funds Management
businesses under CIHL resulting in an increase
in the excess by $537 million at 30 June 2000.
- Alignment  of  the  valuation  bases  of  CLL  with
those used for the Colonial Group resulted in an
increase  in  the  excess  by  $536  million  at
30 June 2000.

Consistent  with  the  principles  of  market  value
accounting,  the  excess  is  not  amortised.  The  movement
in the excess is recognised in the consolidated statement
of financial performance.

The financial effect increased earnings per share by

126 cents to 291 cents per share.

(kk) Loan Securitisation

The  Group  conducts  a  loan  securitisation  program
through which it packages and sells loans as securities to
investors.  For  its  services  to  the  program,  the  Group
receives 
loan  servicing,  program
management  and  trustee  fees  on  an  arms  length  basis.
Fee income is recognised in income on an accruals basis
in  relation  to  the  period  in  which  the  costs  of  providing
these services are incurred.

fees  such  as 

Interest  rate  swaps  and 

facilities  are
provided  at  arms  length  to  the  program  by  the  Group  in
accordance with APRA Prudential Guidelines.

liquidity 

The Group is entitled to any residual income of the
program after all payments due to investors and costs of
the program have been met.

61

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Due  to  the  significant  uncertainties  inherent  in
estimating  the  underlying  loan  repayment  rates  and
interest  margins,  future  cash  flows  cannot  be  reliably
measured.  Therefore,  no  asset/liability  or  gain/loss  on
sale  of  the  loans  has  been  recognised.  The  residual
income  is  recognised  in  Other  Income  when  receivable.
Interest  rates  swaps  are  recognised  in  income  on  an
accruals basis.

(ll)

Fiduciary activities
The Bank and designated controlled entities act as
Trustee  and/or  Manager  and/or  Custodian  for  a  number
of  Wholesale,  Superannuation  and  Investment  Funds,
Trusts  and  Approved  Deposit  Funds.  Further  details  are
shown in Note 38.

The assets and liabilities of these Trusts and Funds
are not included  in the  consolidated  financial  statements
as the Bank does not have direct or indirect control of the
Trusts  and  Funds  as  defined  by  AASB  1024.
Commissions and fees earned in respect of the activities
are included in the profit of the Group and the designated
controlled entity.

(mm) Superannuation plans

The  Group  sponsors  a  range  of  superannuation
plans for its employees. The assets and liabilities of these
plans  are  not  included  in  the  consolidated  financial
statements.

The 

contributions 

superannuation 

expense
principally  represents  the  annual  funding,  determined
after  having  regard  to  actuarial  advice,  to  provide  for
future  obligations  of  defined  benefit  plans.  Contributions
to all superannuation plans are made in accordance with
the rules of the plans.

(nn) Comparative figures

Where  necessary,  comparative  figures  have  been
adjusted to conform with changes in presentation in these
financial statements.

(oo) Definitions

‘Overseas’ represents amounts booked in branches

and controlled entities outside Australia.

Borrowing  Corporation’  as  defined  by  Section  9  of
the  Corporations  Act  2001  is  CBFC  Limited,  Colonial
Finance Limited and their controlled entities.

‘Net Fair Value’ represents the  fair or market value

adjusted for transaction costs.

‘Cash  Basis’  is  defined  as  net  profit  after  tax  and
before abnormal items adjusted for goodwill amortisation
and  life  insurance  and  funds  management  appraisal
value uplift.

(pp) Abnormal Items (2000)

With  the  introduction  of  new  accounting  standard
AASB  1018:  Statement  of  Financial  Performance,
abnormal items are no longer  included in this statement.
For  comparative  purposes  the  details  of  the  Group’s
abnormal  items  disclosed  at  30  June  2000  are  set  out
below:

Restructuring costs (Note 1(aa))
Net market valuation of funds management
businesses (Note 1 (jj))
Change of valuation bases of Commonwealth Life
insurance businesses (Note 1 (jj))
Total Abnormal Gains Before Tax
Abnormal tax credit items:
Restructuring costs (Note 1 (aa))
Total Abnormal Gains After Tax

$M
(106)
537

536

967

20
987

62

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 2 Acquisition of Colonial

On  13  June  2000,  pursuant  to  a  Scheme  of
Arrangement,  the  Group  acquired  a  100%  interest  in
Colonial Limited, a life insurance, funds management and
banking  group.  Under  the  scheme,  Colonial  ordinary
shareholders  accepted  7  new  Commonwealth  Bank
shares  for  every  20  Colonial  ordinary  shares  held.  As
a result,  351,409,450  new  Commonwealth  Bank  shares
were  issued  and  allotted  to  Colonial  shareholders  and
option holders, and $800 million paid to Colonial  income
security holders.

The  assets  acquired  and  the  liabilities  assumed
were  initially  measured  at  their  fair  values  at  13  June
2000,  including  adjustments  to  bring  accounting  policies
onto  a  consistent  basis.  Provisions  for  restructuring
covering 
the  Colonial
operations  into  the  existing  Group  and  rationalisation  of
existing  processing  and  administrative  functions  were
booked  as  a  pre-acquisition  cost  in  Colonial  or  as
a charge in Commonwealth Bank, as applicable.

integration  of 

the  planned 

Consideration
351,409,450 new Commonwealth Bank
shares @ $26.39
Income securities payout
Transaction costs
Preacquisition dividend received
Cost of Acquisition

Fair value of net tangible assets acquired
As at 30 June 2000
Revisions to fair value adjustments and
  restructuring costs provisioned
Revised as at 30 June 2001
Outside equity interests in net assets acquired
Excess of net market value over
net assets of life insurance controlled entities
Goodwill on acquisition

2000
$M

9,274
800
46
(1,000)
9,120

1,303

(238)
1,065
(155)

2,548
5,662
9,120

The 

costs 

principal 

associated  with 

this
restructuring  are  staff  redundancy  payments,  property
and  rental  break  costs,  systems  costs  and  supply
contract  renegotiation  costs.  The  fair  value  adjustments
principally relate  to  write off of capitalised systems costs
and additional general provisioning to bring Colonial onto
a consistent provisioning methodology.

restructuring  and 

In  the  12  months  subsequent  to  acquisition  further
information  has  been  obtained  in  respect  of  the  initial
estimated  costs  of 
fair  value
adjustments which has resulted in the following revisions.
The  revisions  to  costs  associated  with  the  restructuring
principally relate to additional staff redundancy payments
and information technology contract termination and data
centre 
relocation  costs  driven  by  more  extensive
consolidation of IT services to EDSA. The revisions to fair
value adjustments principally relate to asset write downs,
additional general provisioning and tax adjustments.

These  revisions  to  the  provision  for  restructuring
and  fair  value  adjustments  result  in  an  increase  to
goodwill on acquisition of $238 million.

2001 Revision 2000
$M

$M

$M

The fair value adjustments
comprised:
- Write off of capitalised costs
- Doubtful debt provisioning

- general
- specific

- Investments write down
- Legal
- Asset write off
- Other

Income tax benefit - fair value
adjustments

Restructuring costs provisioned
comprised
- Staff
- Occupancy and equipment
- Information technology

services

- Other

Income tax benefit -
restructuring costs

299

170
29
43
15
26
55
637

24

275

50
-
43
15
26
4
162

120
29
-
-
-
51
475

(159)
478

(11)
151

(148)
327

119
93

123
104
439

(108)
331

33
3

70
39
145

(58)
87

86
90

53
65
294

(50)
244

Fair value adjustments and
restructuring costs after tax

809

238

571

63

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 2 Acquisition of Colonial continued

Excess of net market value over net tangible assets
of life insurance controlled entities.
An internal group restructuring of Colonial’s life and
funds  management  businesses  was  completed  in  June
2000,  whereby  all  these  businesses,  except  for  some
Asian  businesses,  were  transferred  to  The  Colonial
Mutual  Life  Assurance  Society  Limited  (CMLA),  a  life
insurance  controlled  entity.  These 
funds
management  businesses  are  valued  at  market  value  by
CMLA.  Consistent  with  the  principles  of  market  value
accounting,  as  specified  by  AASB  1038:  Life  Insurance
Business, the above resulting excess of net market value
over  net  tangible  assets  of  life  insurance  controlled
entities is not amortised.

life  and 

NOTE 3 Operating Profit
Operating profit before income tax has been determined as follows:

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Goodwill
The  goodwill  emerging  on  the  acquisition  amounts
to  $5,662  million  and  is  amortised  over  a  period  of
20 years,  representing  the  assessed  life  of  the  ongoing
business.  Cost  and  revenue  synergies,  planned  on
acquisition  of  Colonial,  are  being  achieved  from  the
integration  of 
life
insurance businesses.

the  Commonwealth  and  Colonial 

Changes in the excess of net market value over net
assets of life insurance controlled entities that are directly
attributable  to  progressive  recognition  of  these  cost  and
revenue  synergies  as  they  are  implemented  have  been
recorded as a realisation of goodwill. Refer Note 20.

Interest Income
  Loans
  Other financial institutions
  Cash and liquid assets
  Trading securities
  Investment securities
  Dividends on redeemable preference shares
  Controlled entities
  Other
Total Interest Income

Interest Expense
  Deposits
  Other financial institutions
  Short term debt issues
  Long term debt issues
  Controlled entities
  Loan capital
  Other
Total Interest Expense
Net Interest Income

Other Operating Income
  Lending fees
  Commission and other fees
  Trading income
    Foreign exchange earnings
    Trading securities
    Other financial instruments (incl derivatives)
  Dividends - controlled entities
                   - other
  Net gain (loss) on investment securities
  Net profit on sale of property, plant and equipment
  Life insurance income (refer note 34)
  Funds management income
  General insurance premium income
  Less general insurance claims paid
  Other
Total Other Operating Income
Total Net Operating Income

Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts (Note 13)
 General provisions
Total Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts

2001
$M

2000
$M

10,246
280
110
548
655
54
-
7
11,900

7,663
191
78
295
586
24
               -
5
8,842

3,773
297
671
171
               -
210
1
5,123
3,719

GROUP
1999
$M

6,806
165
58
246
425
42
              -
3
7,745

3,353
207
393
106
              -
155
4
4,218
3,527

2001
$M

7,072
252
99
369
423
(44)
386
3
8,560

BANK
2000
$M

6,126
176
76
224
437
(39)
238
1
7,239

3,547
323
191
412
431
342

3,136
235
188
151
316
204
15                -
4,230
3,009

5,261
3,299

554
946

474
807

525
888

517
768

146
105
60
               -
20
12
13
326
143
103
(55)
47
2,420
6,139

155
66
52
              -
6
79
24

195
121
62
385
19
84
26
157                  -
97                  -
94                  -
(63)                  -
267
2,572
5,871

49
1,997
5,524

130
91
60
182
13
7
14
               -
               -
               -
               -
223
2,005
5,014

196
196

247
247

276
276

191
191

5,042
328
902
759
-
374
21
7,426
4,474

602
1,173

222
140
64
-
14
56
25
1,268
701
107
(57)
35
4,350
8,824

385
385

64

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 3 Operating Profit continued

Staff Expenses
  Salaries and wages
  Superannuation contributions
  Provision for long service leave
  Provisions for other employee entitlements
  Payroll tax
  Fringe benefits tax
  Other staff expenses
Total Staff Expenses
Occupancy and Equipment Expenses
  Operating lease rentals
  Depreciation
    Buildings
    Leasehold improvements
    Equipment
  Repairs and maintenance
  Other
Total Occupancy and Equipment Expenses
Information Technology Services
  Projects and development
  Data processing
  Desktop
  Communications
Total Information Technology Services
Other Expenses
  Postage
  Stationery
  Fees and commissions
  Other
Total Other Expenses
Total Operating Expenses

Revenue from Operating Activities

Banking
Interest income
Fee and commissions
Trading income
Dividends
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sale of investment securities
Other income

Life Insurance and Funds Management
Life insurance
- premium and related income
- investment revenue
Funds management fee income

Appraisal value uplift
-recurrent basis
-change of valuation basis of Commonwealth
 Life Insurance businesses
-corporate restructure of funds management business

Total revenue from ordinary activities

There were no sources of revenue from non operating activities.

Operating Expenses – Year Ended 30 June 2000

Staff
Occupancy and equipment
Information technology services
Other

(1)

Recurrent excludes exceptional items.

65

2001
$M

2,061
12
47
(10)
99
48
103
2,360

329

29
45
76
60
65
604

205
219
152
172
748

2000
$M

1,498
2
38
6
75
33
53
1,705

208

31
28
58
46
66
437

186
144
103
138
571

GROUP
1999
$M

1,406
1
42
-
77
34
44
1,604

158

51
26
68
64
88
455

145
141
90
129
505

2001
$M

1,498
-
50
(16)
79
38
23
1,672

211

26
26
26
52
51
392

129
180
131
123
563

108
107
535
708
1,458
5,170

81
75
176
362
694
3,407

76
69
112
249
506
3,070

83
67
186
335
671
3,298

11,900
1,775
426
14
157
28
85
14,385

8,842
1,500
311
20
44
17
95
10,829

7,745
1,281
273
6
652
146
80
10,183

8,560
1,413
378
404
65
84
267
11,171

958
1,698
701
3,357

337
1,066
143
1,546

474

92

236
590
97
923

-

-
-
-
-
-
-

BANK
2000
$M

1,330
-
37
4
72
32
35
1,510

191

28
26
34
42
50
371

169
133
102
130
534

75
63
136
262
536
2,951

7,239
1,285
281
195
22
7
223
9,252

-
-
-
-

-

-
-
474
18,216

536
537
1,165
13,540

-
-
-
11,106

-
-
-
11,171

-
-
-
9,252

Recurrent Restructuring
Charge

Basis(1)

1,705
437
571
694
3,407

20
3
32
51
106

Total

1,725
440
603
745
3,513

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 4 Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest
The  table  lists  the  major  categories  of  interest
earning assets and interest bearing liabilities of the Group
together  with  the  respective  interest  earned  or  paid  and
the  average  interest  rates  for  each  of,  1999,  2000  and
2001.  Averages  used  are  predominantly  daily  averages.
The  overseas  component  comprises  overseas  branches

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

of  the  Bank  and  overseas  domiciled  controlled  entities.
Overseas  intergroup  borrowings  have  been  adjusted  in
the  interest  spread  and  margin  calculations  to  more
funds.
appropriately 
Non-accrual loans are included in Interest Earning Assets
under loans, advances and other receivables.

the  overseas  cost  of 

reflect 

2001

2000
Average Interest Average Average Interest Average Average Interest Average
Balance
Rate
$M
%

Rate Balance
$M

Rate Balance
$M

1999

$M

$M

$M

%

%

Average Assets and Interest Income
Interest Earning Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Australia
Overseas
Receivables due from other financial
institutions
Australia
Overseas
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Australia
Overseas
Trading securities
Australia
Overseas
Investment securities
Australia
Overseas
Loans, advances and other receivables
Australia
Overseas
Other interest earning assets
Intragroup loans
Australia
Overseas
Average interest earning assets and
interest income including intragroup
Intragroup eliminations
Total average interest earning
assets and interest income
Non Interest Earning Assets
Bank acceptances
Australia
Overseas
Life insurance investment assets
Australia
Overseas
Property, plant and equipment
Australia
Overseas
Other assets
Australia
Overseas
Provisions for impairment
Australia
Overseas
Total average non interest
earning assets
Total Average Assets
Percentage of total average assets
applicable to overseas operations

2,428
273

2,658
1,595

107
3

159
121

             -              -

4.4
1.1

6.0
7.6

1,860
42

78
          -

4.2
           -

1,468
119

58
          -

4.0
           -

1,839
1,307

112
79

6.1
6.0

1,481
1,522

79
86

5.3
5.7

29              -              -

n/a            -
6

          -
          -

n/a
           -

892
2

          -
          -

           -
           -

5,616
2,587

3,244
6,268

387
161

242
413

6.9
6.2

7.5
6.6

3,754
1,929

4,082
5,331

196
99

260
326

5.2
5.1

6.4
6.1

2,720
1,700

3,052
4,659

149
97

171
254

118,917
16,992
             -

8,983
1,317
7

7.6 94,913
7.8 14,100
n/a            -

6,701
986
5

7.1 83,350
7.0 13,306
n/a            -

5,899
949
3

             -              -
191

3,198

n/a            -
6.0
2,825

          -
168

n/a
414
5.9            -

23
          -

163,805
(3,198)

12,091
(191)

7.4 131,988
6.0 (2,825)

9,010
(168)

6.8 114,685
(414)
5.9

7,768
(23)

160,607

11,900

7.4 129,163

8,842

6.8 114,271

7,745

5.5
5.7

5.6
5.5

7.1
7.1
n/a

5.6
n/a

6.8
5.6

6.8

9,971
32

           -
           -

1,240
211

9,739
2,085

(1,210)
(158)

21,910
136,181

17.2%

12,074
109

26,580
3,062

1,024
240

21,676
1,835

(1,493)
(84)

65,023
225,630

16.0%

10,533
21

9,732
240

755
187

9,309
1,158

(1,213)
(174)

30,548
159,711

15.0%

66

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 4 Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest continued

2001

2000
Average Interest Average Average Interest Average Average Interest Average
Balance
Rate
$M
%

Rate Balance
$M

Rate Balance
$M

1999

$M

$M

$M

%

%

1,271
4,238

17,130
9,965

42,226
9,882

23,813
1,911

27,835
2,027

5,564
116
-

Average Liabilities and
Interest Expense
Interest Bearing Liabilities and
Loan Capital
Time Deposits
Australia
Overseas
Savings Deposits
Australia
Overseas
Other demand deposits
Australia
Overseas
Payables due to other
financial institutions
Australia
Overseas
Debt issues
Australia
Overseas
Loan capital
Australia
Overseas
Other interest bearing liabilities
Intragroup borrowings
Australia
Overseas
Average interest bearing liabilities
and loan capital and interest expense
including intragroup
Intragroup eliminations
Total average interest bearing
liabilities and loan capital and
interest expense
Non Interest Bearing Liabilities
Deposits not bearing interest
Australia
Overseas
Liability on acceptances
Australia
Overseas
Life insurance policy liabilities
Australia
Overseas
Other liabilities
Australia
Overseas
Total average non interest
61,455
bearing liabilities
Total average liabilities and loan capital 207,433
18,197
Shareholders’ equity
Total average liabilities, loan capital
and shareholders’ equity
Percentage of total average liabilities
applicable to overseas operations

149,176
(3,198)

23,584
2,617

12,077
109

13,536
2,890

3,198
-

6,034
608

145,978

225,630

16.6%

2,519
711

603
83

1,064
62

65
263

1,099
562

367
7
21

191
-

6.0
7.2

2.2
4.1

4.5
3.2

5.1
6.2

6.4
5.6

6.6
6.0
n/a

6.0
n/a

38,176
8,665

2,022
484

25,248
2,017

17,662
1,954

961
3,718

7,615
7,655

3,336
68
-

460
67

696
44

56
241

413
429

204
6
1

5.3
5.6

1.8
3.3

3.9
2.3

5.8
6.5

5.4
5.6

31,119
9,201

1,597
591

24,378
2,120

17,247
1,682

643
3,367

7,689
2,938

418
81

626
40

35
172

395
104

6.1
2,746
8.8             -
n/a             -

155
          -
4

2,825
-

168
          -

5.9             -
414
n/a

          -
23

7,617
(191)

5.1 119,900
6.0 (2,825)

5,291
(168)

4.4 103,544
(414)
5.9

4,241
(23)

5.1
6.4

1.7
3.8

3.6
2.4

5.4
5.1

5.1
3.5

5.6
n/a
n/a

n/a
5.6

4.1
5.6

7,426

5.1 117,075

5,123

4.4 103,130

4,218

4.1

4,698
72

10,533
21

9,458
201

5,964
4,005

34,952
152,027
7,684

159,711

18.7%

3,952
76

9,971
32

            -
            -

9,632
2,383

26,046
129,176
7,005

136,181

16.9%

67

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 4 Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Changes in Net Interest Income:
Volume and Rate Analysis

Interest Earning Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Australia
Overseas
Receivables due from other financial institutions
Australia
Overseas
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Australia
Overseas
Trading securities
Australia
Overseas
Investment securities
Australia
Overseas
Loans, advances and other receivables
Australia
Overseas
Other interest earning assets
Intragroup loans
Australia
Overseas
Change in interest income including intragroup
Intragroup eliminations
Change in interest income
Interest Bearing Liabilities and Loan Capital
Time Deposits
Australia
Overseas
Savings Deposits
Australia
Overseas
Other demand deposits
Australia
Overseas
Payables due to other
financial institutions
Australia
Overseas
Debt issues
Australia
Overseas
Loan capital
Australia
Overseas
Other interest bearing liabilities
Intragroup borrowings
Australia
Overseas
Change in interest expense including intragroup
Intragroup eliminations
Change in interest expense
Change in net interest income
Change due to variation in time periods

30/06/01 vs 30/06/00
Changes due to

30/06/00 vs 30/06/99
Changes due to

Volume
$M

Rate
$M

Total
$M

Volume
$M

Rate
$M

Total
$M

24
1

49
20

5
2

(2)
22

29

16
3               -

4
               -

20
               -

47
42

20
(13)

13
6

33
(7)

             -
             -

              -
              -

               -
               -

              -
              -

               -
               -

               -
               -

79
25

41
29

548
121
2

192
62

(17)
88

55
12

62
39

2,300
334

817
56
2               -

(8)
(10)

27
33

(15)
(19)
2

47
2

89
72

802
37
2

              -
1
848
(1)
844

               -
24
3,106
(24)
3,082

              -
139
1,177
(139)
1,014

               -
6
65
(6)
83

               -
145
1,242
(145)
1,097

275
150

92
16

112
19

(8)
(10)

125
4

23
(3)
20

503
228

144
16

370
18

9
23

687
134

368
(32)

15
(4)

16
6

18
20

(4)
216

164
1

35
3
20               -

57
(75)

27
(10)

54
(2)

3
49

22
109

14
3
(3)

425
(107)

42
(14)

70
4

21
69

18
325

49
6
(3)

2
              -
949
(1)
951
(107)

24
               -
2,341
(24)
2,317
765
(10)

139
              -
696
(139)
590
424

6
               -
354
(6)
315
(232)

145
               -
1,050
(145)
905
192

113
37

(58)
59

1,752
213
             -

             -
22
2,257
(22)
2,238

228
78

52
             -

258
(1)

17
33

563
130

141
4
             -

22
             -
1,392
(22)
1,366
872

68

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 4 Average Balance Sheet and Related Interest continued

Changes in Net Interest Income: Volume and Rate Analysis

table  shows 

The  preceding 

in
interest  income  and  expense  due  to  changes  in  volume
and  changes  in  interest  rates.  Volume  variances  reflect
the  change  in  interest  from  the  prior  period  due  to
movement in the average balance. Rate variance reflects

the  movement 

Net interest income
Average interest earning assets

Interest Margins and Spreads

the change in interest from the prior year due to changes
in interest rates.

Volume  and  rate  variance  for  total  interest  earning
assets  and  liabilities  have  been  calculated  separately
(rather than being the sum of the individual categories).

2001
$M

2000
$M

4,474        3,719
160,607    129,163

GROUP
1999
$M

3,527
114,271

Interest spread represents the difference between the average interest rate earned and the average interest rate paid

on funds.

Interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest earning assets. The calculations for

Australia and Overseas include intragroup cross border loans/borrowings and associated interest.

Australia
Interest spread adjusted for interest forgone on non accrual and restructured loans (1)
Interest forgone on non accrual and restructured loans
Interest Spread (2)
Benefit of net free liabilities, provisions and equity (3)
Australia Interest Margin (4)

Overseas
Interest spread adjusted for interest forgone on non accrual and restructured loans (1)
Interest forgone on non accrual and restructured loans
Interest Spread (2)
Benefit of net free liabilities, provisions and equity (3)
Overseas Interest Margin (4)

Group
Interest spread adjusted for interest forgone on non accrual and restructured loans (1)
Interest forgone on non accrual and restructured loans
Interest Spread (2)
Benefit of net free liabilities, provisions and equity (3)
Group Interest Margin (4)

%

2.56
-
2.56
0.43
2.99

1.06
-
1.06
0.55
1.61

2.32
-
2.32
0.46
2.78

%

2.71
-
2.71
0.42
3.13

1.24
(0.02)
1.22
0.30
1.52

2.48
(0.01)
2.47
0.41
2.88

%

3.00
(0.02)
2.98
0.39
3.37

1.45
(0.06)
1.39
0.38
1.77

2.71
(0.02)
2.69
0.40
3.09

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Represents interest forgone on loans on which the Group earns no interest or interest at below market rates.
Difference between the average interest rate earned and the average interest rate paid on funds.
A portion of the Group’s interest earning assets is funded by net interest free liabilities and shareholders’ equity.  The
benefit  to  the  Group  of  these  interest  free  funds  is  the  amount  it  would  cost  to  replace  them  at  the  average  cost  of
funds.
Net interest income divided by average interest earning assets for the period.

69

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 5 Income Tax Expense

Income  tax  expense  shown  in  the  financial  statements  differs  from  the  prima  facie  tax  charge  calculated  at  current

taxation rates on operating profit.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Operating profit from ordinary activities before income tax
Banking
Life insurance
Funds Management

Prima facie income tax at 34% (30 June 2000 and prior 36%)
Banking
Life insurance
Funds Management

Add (or deduct) permanent differences expressed on
a tax effect basis:
Current Period
Tax rate change
Specific provisions for offshore bad and doubtful debts not tax effected
Taxation rebates (net of accruals)
Tax adjustment referable to policy holder income (1)
Non assessable income - life insurance surplus (1)
Change in excess of net market value over net assets of
life insurance controlled entities (1)
Non deductible goodwill amortisation
Non-assessable capital gains
Tax losses recognised
Employee share acquisition plan
Other

Prior Periods
Other
Total income tax expense

Income tax attributable to operating profit
Banking
Life insurance
Funds management

Income tax expense comprises:
Current taxation provision
Deferred income (benefit)/tax provision
Future income tax benefit
Notional tax expense - leveraged leases
Other
Total Income Tax Expense
The components of income tax expense consist of the following:
Current    Australia
                Overseas

Deferred   Australia
                 Overseas

2001
$M

2000
$M

GROUP
1999
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

2,174
988
243
3,405

739
336
83
1,158

3
8
(35)
62
(43)

(161)
115
(38)
(65)
(8)
26
(136)

(29)
993

705
194
94
993

820
193
(35)
11
4
993

765
55
820
168
5
173

2,147
1,341
50
3,538

773
483
18
1,274

2,033
99
28
2,160

732
36
9
777

23
(22)
(38)
28
(62)

(402)
21
-
(11)
(9)
(3)
(475)

1
800

739
47
14
800

730
137
(109)
34
8
800

677
52
729
73
(2)
71

-
1
(27)
-
(36)

-
17
-
(10)
-
(2)
(57)

(6)
714

704
1
9
714

744
(24)
(34)
8
20
714

710
34
744
(46)
16
(30)

2,248
-

1,701
-

2,248

1,701

764
-
-
764

(11)
7
(138)
-
-

-
17
(38)
(64)
(8)
38
(197)

(18)
549

549
-
-
549

416
184
(63)
7
5
549

416
-
416
133
-
133

612
-
-
612

38
(24)
(75)
-
-

-
14
-
(11)
(9)
40
(27)

-
585

585
-
-
585

536
128
(115)
29
7
585

535
-
535
50
-
50

(1) 

The prima facie life insurance income tax of $336 million less these permanent differences equals the life insurance tax
expense of $194 million for 30 June 2001.

70

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 5 Income Tax Expense continued

The significant temporary differences are as follows:
Deferred income tax assets arising from:
Provisions not tax deductible until expense incurred
Other
Future income tax benefits (Note 21)
Deferred income tax liabilities arising from:
Leveraged leasing
Lease financing
Accelerated tax depreciation
Other
Total deferred income tax liabilities (Note 24)
Future income tax benefits attributable to tax losses
carried forward as an asset

Future income tax benefits not taken to account
Valuation allowance
Opening balance
Prior year adjustments
Benefits now taken to account
Benefits arising during the year not recognised
Closing balance (Note 21)

NOTE 6 Dividends Provided For, Reserved or Paid

Ordinary Shares
Interim ordinary dividend (fully franked) of 61 cents per share
(2000: 58 cents, 1999: 49 cents)
  Provision for interim ordinary dividend - cash component only
Declared final ordinary dividend (fully franked) of 75 cents per share
(2000: 72 cents, 1999: 66 cents)
  Provision for final ordinary dividend - cash component only
  Other provision
Preference Shares
  Provision for preference dividend
Dividends provided for payments in cash or paid
Appropriations to Dividend Reinvestment Plan Reserve
  Interim ordinary dividend
  Final ordinary dividend
Dividends appropriated to Dividend Reinvestment Plan Reserve
Total Dividends Provided for, Reserved or Paid

2001
$M

2000
$M

GROUP
1999
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

488
206
694

108
369
12
613
1,102

743
156
899

383
247
28
541
1,199

255
78
333

461
209
41
222
933

296
62
358

71
42
8
256
377

282
(45)
237

139
50
28
147
364

             -

181            -              -

           -

173
(2)
(65)
40
146

146
7
(11)
31
173

132
(12)
(10)
36
146

167
4
(64)
14
121

140
7
(11)
31
167

642

405

275

642

405

765
5

708
          -

472
           -

765

708
5            -

9
1,421

          -
1,113

           -
747

9            -
1,113

1,421

131
168
299
1,720

118
200
318
1,431

183
133
316
1,063

131
168
299
1,720

118
200
318
1,431

The  Bank  changed  its  dividend  policy  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2000.  The  amount  of  dividend  to  be  paid  is  now

based on profit after tax before goodwill amortisation and appraisal value uplift. Previously it was based on profit after tax.

Dividend Franking Account

After  fully franking the  final dividend to be paid for
the  year  ended  30  June  2001  the  amount  of  franking
credits  available  as  at  30  June  2001  to  frank  dividends
for  subsequent  financial  years  is  nil  (30  June  2000:
franking  account
$450 million).  The  30  June  2000 
balance  was  fully  utilised  by  the  March  2001  share
buyback which was in part paid out of retained earnings.
This  figure  is  based  on  the  combined  franking
accounts  of  the  Group  at  30  June  2001  and  has  been
adjusted  for  franking  credits  that  will  arise  from  the

payment  of  income  tax  payable  on  profits  of  the  year
ended  30  June  2001,  franking  debits  that  will  arise  from
the  payment  of  dividends  proposed  as  at  30  June  2001
and  franking  credits  that  the  Group  may  be  prevented
from  distributing.  The  Bank  expects  that  future  tax
payments  will  generate  sufficient  franking  credits  for  the
Bank to be  able  to  continue  to  fully  frank  future  dividend
payments. Dividend payments on or after 1 July 2001 will
be franked at the 30% tax rate.

71

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 6 Dividends Provided For, Reserved or Paid continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Dividend History

Half Year Ended

31 December 1998
30 June 1999
31 December 1999
30 June 2000
31 December 2000
30 June 2001

Cents
Per
Share

Half Year
Payout
Ratio(1)

Full Year

Full Year
Payout Payout Ratio
Ratio(1) Cash Basis(2)

DRP
DRP
Price Participation
Rate(3)

$

49
66
58
72
61
75

64.3%
85.3%
62.3%
48.8%
68.2%
74.0%

  -
74.7%
  -
53.0%
  -
71.2%

  -
72.4%
  -
85.3%
  -
75.5%

24.50
24.75
24.42
27.31
30.82
-

43.6%
22.3% (4)
22.6%
18.6%
18.6%
-

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Dividend Payout Ratio: dividends provided for, reserved or paid divided by earnings after abnormals.
Payout ratio based on net profit after tax before goodwill amortisation and appraisal value uplift.
DRP Participation Rate: the percentage of total issued share capital participating in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
The  decline  in  the  participation  rate  from  43.6%  to  22.3%  in  1999  was  due  to  the  introduction  of  the  cap  on  the
participation in the DRP.

NOTE 7 Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Ordinary Share
- Basic and Fully Diluted

Reconciliation of earnings used in the calculation of earnings per share
Operating profit after income tax
Less: Preference share dividend
Less: Outside equity interests
Earnings used in calculation of earnings per share

2001
c

190

$M

2000
c

291

$M

GROUP
1999
c

153

$M

2,412
(9)
(14)
2,389

2,738
                 -
(38)
2,700

1,446
                -
(24)
1,422

Number of Shares
M

M

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used
in the calculation of earnings per share

Cash Basis Earnings Per Ordinary Share (basic and fully diluted)
- Before abnormal items (1)

1,260

c
179

(1) 

Abnormal income of net $987 million after tax was recorded in the year ended 30 June 2000.

NOTE 8 Cash and Liquid Assets

Australia
Notes, coins and cash at bankers
Money at short call
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
Bills receivable and remittances in transit
Total Australia

Overseas
Notes, coins and cash at bankers
Money at short call
Bills receivable and remittances in transit
Agreements to resell
Total Overseas
Total Cash and Liquid Assets

2001
$M

850
86
1,979
282
3,197

198
175
1
138
512
3,709

GROUP
2000
$M

944
147
1,226
189
2,506

35
32
2
-
69
2,575

72

927

c
181

2001
$M

830
-
1,979
282
3,091

-
57
-
138
195
3,286

 M

927

c
159

BANK
2000
$M

680
-
1,226
189
2,095

-
8
-
-
8
2,103

Notes to the financial statements

 NOTE 9 Receivables from Other Financial Institutions

Australia
Overseas
Total Receivables from Other Financial Institutions

NOTE 10 Trading Securities

Australia
Listed:
Australian Public Securities
  Commonwealth and States
  Local and semi-government
Bills of exchange
Other Securities
Unlisted:
Commercial paper
Certificates of deposit
Medium term notes
Total Australia

Overseas
Listed:
Government securities
Eurobonds
Bills of exchange
Other securities
Unlisted:
Commercial paper
Other securities
Total Overseas
Total Trading Securities

(1)

This reduction reflects the run-off of the Colonial State Bank trading portfolio.

2001
$M

2,858
1,764
4,622

GROUP
2000
$M

4,159
995
5,154

99
340
1,588
36

187
745
1,100
4,095 (1)

168
590
2,771
340

121
885
605
5,480

2001
$M

2,724
1,071
3,795

99
340
1,588
1,039

187
736
296
4,285

BANK
2000
$M

3,697
632
4,329

90
309
1,444
204

121
1,599
488
4,255

356
617
950
53

375
463
2,814
6,909

5
17
20
617
322
322
763                -                -
53
77

77

349                -                -
60
21
336
735
437
1,867
5,020
4,692
7,347

73

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 11  Investment Securities

Australia
Listed
Australian Public Securities
  Commonwealth and States
Other securities and equity investments
Unlisted
Bills of exchange
Medium term notes
Other securities and equity investments
Total Australia

Overseas
Listed
Government securities
Treasury notes
Eurobonds
Other securities
Unlisted:
Government securities
Treasury notes
Certificates of deposit
Eurobonds
Medium term notes
Commercial paper
Floating rate notes
Other securities and equity investments
Total Overseas
Total Investment Securities

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$M

2000
$M

GROUP
1999
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

1,919
354

85
976
2
3,336

252
-
1,118
666

116
6
1,417
212
174
29
1,422
957
6,369
9,705

2,670
285

30
1,050
111
4,146

287
-
951
767

-
5
1,181
141
171
159
578
763
5,003
9,149

2,635
282

-
160
70
3,147

234
5
583
484

1
-
1,228
317
27
228
470
463
4,040
7,187

1,913
349

-
90
-
2,352

252
-
1,118
215

-
6
1,417
212
174
29
823
275
4,521
6,873

2,665
278

-
163
25
3,131

287
-
951
712

-
5
1,181
141
171
159
126
305
4,038
7,169

74

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 11   Investment Securities continued

Market Value
Australia
Australian Public Securities
  Commonwealth and States
Bills of exchange
Medium term notes
Other securities and equity investment
Total Australia

Overseas
Government securities
Treasury notes
Certificates of deposit
Eurobonds
Medium Term Notes
Floating rate notes
Other securities and equity investments
Total Overseas
Total Investment Securities
Net Unrealised Surplus/(Deficit)

GROUP
Market Value At 30 June
1999
$M

2000
$M

2001
$M

1,926
85
982
463
3,456

379
6
1,416
1,343
172
1,422
1,627
6,365
9,821
116

2,672
30
1,057
407
4,166

295
5
1,181
1,094
153
578
1,677
4,983
9,149
-

2,637
-
171
333
3,141

243
5
1,236
924
20
470
1,157
4,055
7,196
9

Gross Unrealised Gains and Losses of Group
The following table sets out the gross unrealised gains and losses of the Group’s Investment Securities.

At 30 June 2001

Amortised
Cost
$M

Gross Unrealised
Losses
Gains
$M
$M

Fair Amortised
Cost
$M

Value
$M

Gross Unrealised
Losses
Gains
$M
$M

At 30 June 2000
Fair
Value
$M

Australia
Australian Public Securities
   Commonwealth and States
Bills of exchange
Medium term notes
Other securities and
equity investments (1)
Total Australia

Overseas
Government securities
Treasury notes
Certificates of deposit
Eurobonds
Medium term notes
Floating rate notes
Other securities and
equity investments
Total Overseas
Total Investment Securities

1,919
85
976

356
3,336

368
6
1,417
1,330
174
1,422

1,652
6,369
9,705

24
-
6

107
137

11
-
-
43
1
5

8
68
205

17
-
-

-
17

-
-
1
30
3
5

33
72
89

1,926
85
982

463
3,456

379
6
1,416
1,343
172
1,422

1,627
6,365
9,821

2,670
30
1,050

396
4,146

287
5
1,181
1,092
171
578

1,689
5,003
9,149

13
-
8

11
32

9
-
-
40
-
1

20
70
102

11
-
1

-
12

1
-
-
38
18
1

32
90
102

2,672
30
1,057

407
4,166

295
5
1,181
1,094
153
578

1,677
4,983
9,149

Investment securities are carried at cost or amortised cost and are purchased with the intent of being held to maturity.

The investment portfolio is managed in the context of the full balance sheet of the Bank.

(1)

Equity derivatives are in place to hedge equity market risk in respect of structured equity products for customers. There
are  $107  million  of  net  deferred  losses  on  these  contracts  (2000:  $11  million  net  deferred  losses)  which  offset  the
above  unrealised  gains  and  these  are  disclosed  within  Note  39.  At  the  end  of  the  financial  year  $21  million  of  net
deferred gains (2000: $71 million of deferred losses) are included in the amortised cost value.

75

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 11 Investment Securities continued

Maturity Distribution and Average Yield
The table analyses the maturities and weighted average yields of the Group’s holdings of investment securities.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

1 to 12 months
%

$M

1 to 5 years
%

$M

5 to 10 years
%
$M

Maturity Period at 30 June 2001
Total
$M

10 years or more
%

$M

Australia
Australian Public  Securities
  Commonwealth and States
Bank Bills
Medium Term Notes
Other securities, commercial
paper and equity investments
Total Australia

Overseas
Government securities
Treasury Notes
Certificates of Deposit
Eurobonds
Medium Term Notes
Floating rate notes
Other securities, commercial
paper and equity investments
Total Overseas
Total Investment Securities
Maturities at Fair Value

90
85
20

277
472

116
6
1,417
101
35
59

717
2,451
2,923
3,022

5.91
5.25
6.35

5.17

17.81
1.99
4.21
8.16
6.52
5.36

5.30

717
-
956

37
1,710

174
-
-
771
139
598

625
2,307
4,017
3,899

5.76
-
13.17

6.67

3.86
-
-
5.45
5.75
5.27

5.32

1,112
-
-

42
1,154

78
-
-
458
-
607

241
1,384
2,538
2,674

6.32
-
-

7.09

1.15
-
-
5.54
-
5.07

5.41

-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
158

69
227
227
226

-
-
-

-

-
-
-
-
-
5.19

5.77

1,919
85
976

356
3,336

368
6
1,417
1,330
174
1,422

1,652
6,369
9,705
9,821

Additional Disclosure

Proceeds  at  or  close  to  maturity  of  investment
securities  were  $19,697  million  (2000:  $15,212  million,
1999: $12,431 million).

Proceeds  from  sale  of  investment  securities  were

$28 million (2000: $17 million, 1999: $146 million).

Realised capital gains were $3 million and realised
capital  losses  were  $1  million  (2000:  realised  capital
gains $12 million, 1999: realised capital gains $85 million
and realised capital losses $6 million).

76

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 12 Loans, Advances and Other Receivables

Australia
Overdrafts
Housing loans
Credit card outstandings
Lease financing
Bills discounted
Term loans
Redeemable preference share financing
Equity participation in leveraged leases
Other lending
Total Australia

Overseas
Overdrafts
Housing loans
Credit card outstandings
Lease financing
Term loans
Other Lending
Total Overseas
Gross Loans, Advances and Other Receivables

Less -
Provisions for impairment  (Note 13)
  General provision
  Specific provision against loans and advances
Unearned income
  Term loans
  Lease financing
  Leveraged leases
Interest reserved
Unearned tax remissions on leveraged leases

Net Loans, Advances and Other Receivables

Lease receivables, net of unearned income
(included above)
Current
Non current

2001
$M

GROUP
2000
$M

2001
$M

2,785
65,466
3,962
4,497
1,556
40,650
306
1,536
1,301
122,059

1,304
8,045
232
256
6,790
509
17,136
139,195

2,816
63,471
3,501
4,863 (1)
991
40,281 (1)
641
1,659
1,708
119,931

2,785
65,300
3,962
2,421
1,556
34,604
6
543
785
111,962

1,080
7,266
208
228
6,837
218
15,837
135,768

-
55
-
94
2,390
-
2,539
114,501

(1,399)
(233)

(1,358)
(431)

(1,240)
(190)

(643)
(514)
(186)
(68)
(93)
(3,136)
136,059

(558)
(691)
(216)
(131)
(120)
(3,505)
132,263

(64)
(282)
(22)
(60)
(9)
(1,867)
112,634

BANK
2000
$M

2,435
51,761
3,033
1,706
991
27,779
50
617
942
89,314

-
65
-
73
2,703
-
2,841
92,155

(1,004)
(175)

-
(226)
(37)
(34)
(18)
(1,494)
90,661

1,419
2,820
4,239

1,695
3,407
5,102

727
1,505
2,232

507
1,046
1,553

(1)

Prior  year  figures  have  been  adjusted  to  align  with  categories  as  at  30  June  2001  following  the  amalgamation  of
Colonial operations and product systems.

Leasing arrangements

Retail  Financial  Services  provides  vehicle  and
equipment  lease  finance  to  a  broad  range  of  industries
including  transport,  service,  earthmoving,  construction,
finance
manufacturing  and  mining.  Most 
arrangements  are  for  terms  between  3  and  5  years  and
rentals are generally payable monthly in advance.

lease 

Institutional  Banking  provides  leasing  services  and
hire  purchase  to  corporate  clients 
for  a  range  of
equipment.  They  also  arrange  off  balance  sheet  finance
for  large  scale  long  life  plant  and  equipment  across
different tax jurisdictions.

Finance Leases
Minimum lease payments receivable:
No later than one year
Later than one year but not later than five years
Later than five years
Lease financing

Leverage Leases
Minimum lease payments receivable:
No later than one year
Later than one year but not later than five years
Later than five years
Equity participation in leveraged lease

77

2001
$M

1,696
2,786
271
4,753

246
640
650
1,536

GROUP
2000
$M

1,704
3,276
111
5,091

119
697
843
1,659

2001
$M

838
1,506
171
2,515

221
279
43
543

BANK
2000
$M

562
1,179
38
1,779

67
426
124
617

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 12 Loans, Advances and Other Receivables continued

Maturity Distribution of Loans

The following table sets forth the contractual maturity distribution of the Group’s loans, advances and other receivables

(excluding bank acceptances) at 30 June 2001.

GROUP
Maturity Period at 30 June 2001

Australia
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Overseas
Gross Loans, Advances and Other Receivables

Interest Rate Sensitivity of Lending

  Australia
  Overseas
Total Variable Interest Rates
  Australia
  Overseas
Total Fixed Interest Rates
Gross Loans, Advances and Other Receivables

Maturing
One Year
or Less
$M

Maturing
Between
One & Five
Years
$M

Maturing
After Five
Years
$M

385
1,618
3,038

933
1,432
4,076
2,497
13,476
27,455

21
193
703

1,277
52
332
146
1,944
4,668
32,123

21,029
3,784
24,813
6,426
884
7,310
32,123

757
2,036
1,029

13,711
872
6,317
3,508
9,022
37,252

138
544
1,797

2,795
71
45
-
972
6,362
43,614

19,731
3,278
23,009
17,521
3,084
20,605
43,614

513
1,080
603

50,822
244
183
623
3,284
57,352

6
521
324

3,973
54
63
-
1,165
6,106
63,458

35,738
2,451
38,189
21,614
3,655
25,269
63,458

Total
$M

1,655
4,734
4,670

65,466
2,548
10,576
6,628
25,782
122,059

165
1,258
2,824

8,045
177
440
146
4,081
17,136
139,195

76,498
9,513
86,011
45,561
7,623
53,184
139,195

(1)

(2)

Principally owner occupied housing. While most of these loans would have a contractual term of 20 years or more, the
actual average term of the portfolio is less than 5 years.
Financing real estate and land development projects.

78

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 13 Provisions For Impairment

Provisions for Impairment
General Provisions
Opening balance
Abnormal charge
Charge against profit
Acquired provisions, including fair value adjustments
Transfer to specific provisions
Bad debts recovered
Adjustments for exchange rate fluctuations and other items

Bad debts written off
Closing balance

Specific Provisions
Opening balance
Charge against profit
  New and increased provisions
  Write-back of provisions no longer required
Acquired provisions, including fair value adjustments
Transfer from general provision for
  New and increased provisioning
  Less write-back of provisions no longer required
Net transfer

Adjustments for exchange rate fluctuations and other items

Bad debts written off
Closing balance
Total Provisions for Impairment

Specific provisions for impairment comprise the
following segments:
Provisions against loans and advances
Provisions for diminution
Total

Provision Ratios (1)
Specific provisions for impairment as % of gross impaired
assets net of interest reserved
Total provisions for impairment as % of gross impaired
assets net of interest reserved
General provisions as % of risk weighted assets

Charge to profit and loss for bad and doubtful debts
comprises:
General provisions
Specific provisions
Total Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts

Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to Average
gross loans, advances and other receivables
outstanding during the period

2001
$M

2000
$M

1999
$M

1998
$M

GROUP
1997
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

1,358
          -
385
51
(411)
88
(29)
1,442
(43)
1,399

1,081
         -
196
214
(140)
54
(3)
1,402
(44)
1,358

1,076
         -
247
         -
(239)
51
(7)
1,128
(47)
1,081

690
370
165
         -
(155)
48
         -
1,118
(42)
1,076

613
         -
36
         -
         -
80
2
731
(41)
690

1,004
          -
276
229
(291)
54
(6)
1,266
(26)
1,240

932
         -
191
         -
(137)
45
1
1,032
(28)
1,004

432

275

279

241

318

175

209

          -
          -
6

         -
         -
219

         -
         -
         -

105
(37)
         -

152           -
          -
(90)
28
         -

         -
         -
         -

495
(84)
411

(17)
832
(598)
234
1,633

236
(96)
140

5
639
(207)
432
1,790

284
(45)
239

(8)
510
(235)
275
1,356

175
(20)
155

         -
         -
         -

(6)
458
(179)
279
1,355

6
386
(145)
241
931

312
(21)
291

21
515
(325)
190
1,430

208
(71)
137

(3)
343
(168)
175
1,179

233
1
234

431
1
432

275
         -
275

279
         -
279

241
         -
241

190
          -
190

175
         -
175

%

%

 %

 %

 %

%

%

36.06

43.03

46.69

37.60

30.24

36.19

34.93

251.62 178.29 230.22 182.61 116.81 272.38 235.14
0.92

0.79

0.94

1.06

1.01

1.14

1.09

$M

$M

 $M

 $M

 $M

$M

$M

385
          -
385

196
         -
196

247
         -
247

165
68
233

276
36
62           -
276
98

191
         -
191

0.28% 0.16% 0.25% 0.26% 0.11% 0.27% 0.22%

(1)

Ratios  have  been  restated  for  1998  based  on  the  amended  definition  of  non  accruals  introduced  with  effect  from
31 December 1998.

79

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 13 Provisions For Impairment continued

Total charge for bad and doubtful debts

The charge is required for

Specific Provisioning
  New and increased provisioning
  Less provisions no longer required
Net specific provisioning
Provided from general provision
Charge to profit and loss

General Provisioning
  Direct write offs
  Recoveries of amounts previously written off
  Movement in general provision
  Funding of specific provisions
Charge to profit and loss
Total Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$M

385

495
(84)
411
(411)
-

35
(88)
27
411
385
385

GROUP
2000
$M

196

236
(96)
140
(140)
-

34
(54)
76
140
196
196

2001
$M

276

312
(21)
291
(291)
-

26
(54)
13
291
276
276

BANK
2000
$M

191

208
(71)
137
(137)
-

28
(45)
71
137
191
191

Specific Provisions for Impairment by Industry Category

The following table sets forth the Group’s specific provisions for impairment by industry category as at 30 June 1997,

1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

2001
$M

2000
$M

1999
$M

1998
$M

At 30 June
1997
$M

Australia
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Overseas
Total Specific Provisions

                            -

                          -

                           -

                           -

                           -

8

24

4
6
28
7

77
154

15

35

23

8
6
17
6

110
205

15

23

20

16

21

22

4
35
15

3
8
14
4                            -

4
11
12
                           -

82
178

113
174

152
222

13                            -

                           -

                           -

                            -

                          -

                           -

1

4

1                            -

                           -

1

2

7
                            -
3
                            -

3
                          -
69
                          -

3
                           -

                           -

2                            -
                           -

5                            -
10                            -
                           -
                           -

51
80
234

141
227
432

92
97
275

89
105
279

16
19
241

(1)

(2)

Principally owner occupied housing.
Financing real estate and land development projects.

80

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 13 Provisions For Impairment continued

Bad Debts Written Off by Industry Category

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  Group’s  bad  debts  written-off  and  bad  debts  recovered  for  Financial  Years  1997,

1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

2001
$M

2000
$M

1999
$M

Year ended 30 June
1997
1998
$M
$M

Australia
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Overseas

Gross Bad Debts Written Off

Bad Debts Recovered
Australia
Overseas
  Bad Debts Recovered
Net Bad Debts Written Off

-

10

1

10
14
142
16

301
494

-

-

6

1
-
38
-

102
147

641

59
29
88
553

-

6

2

8
24
104
11

90
245

-

-

-

1
-
4
-

1
6

251

46
8
54
197

-

7

4

9
7
94
11

71
203

-

-

-

1
14
-
3

61
79

282

48
3
51
231

-

9

4

11
6
86
6

79
201

-

-

3

1
-
6
-

10
20

221

46
2
48
173

-

15

4

9
14
58
5

69
174

-

-

-

1
2
3
-

6
12

186

63
17
80
106

(1)

(2)

Principally owner occupied housing.
Financing real estate and land development projects.

81

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 13 Provisions For Impairment continued

Bad Debts Recovered by Industry Category

The following table sets forth the  Group’s bad debts recovered by  industry  category  for  Financial  Years  1997,  1998,

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

1999, 2000 and 2001.

Australia
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Overseas

Bad Debts Recovered

2001
$M

2000
$M

1999
$M

Year ended 30 June
1997
$M

1998
$M

-

-

9

1
1
30
1

17
59

-

-

-

-
1
3
-

25
29

88

-

2

1

1
2
28
2

10
46

-

-

2

-
1
3
-

2
8

-

2

2

-
1
27
2

14
48

-

-

-

-
-
3
-

-
3

-

4

6

-
1
21
2

12
46

-

-

-

-
-
2
-

-
2

54

51

48

-

5

8

-
1
16
2

31
63

-

-

2

-
2
1
-

12
17

80

(1)

(2)

Principally owner occupied housing.
Financing real estate and land development projects.

82

Most risk rated portfolios are reviewed on a random
basis,  usually  within  a  period  of  twenty  four  months,  by
the  Risk  Asset  Review  unit.  High  risk  portfolios  are
reviewed  more  frequently.  Credit  processes,  including
compliance  with  policy  and  underwriting  standards,  and
application of risk ratings, are examined and reported on
where cases of non compliance are observed.

for 

facilities  are  generally 

Facilities  in  the  credit  risk  rated  managed  segment
remedial  management  by
become  classified 
centralised  units  based  on  assessment  in  the  risk  rating
system,  which for  each  exposure  makes  an  assessment
of  the  risk  of  default,  and  then  the  risk  of  loss  if  default
should  occur.  These 
those
classified  as  troublesome  (which  equate  to  the  APRA
classifications  of  special  mention  and  substandard)  and
impaired  assets.  Impaired  assets  in  this  segment  are
those classified’ facilities where either a specific provision
for impairment has been raised, the facility is maintained
on  a  cash  basis,  a  loss  of  principal  or  interest  is
anticipated,  facilities  have  been  restructured  or  other
assets  have  been  accepted 
in  satisfaction  of  an
outstanding  debt.  Loans  are  generally  classified  as
non-accrual when receivership, insolvency or bankruptcy
occurs.  Provisions  for  impairment  are  raised  for  an
amount equal to the difference between the exposure and
the estimated realisable  market value of the  security  net
of estimated realisation costs.

A  centralised  exposure  management  system

records all significant credit risks borne by the Group.

The  Risk  Committee  of  the  Board  operates  under
a charter  of  the  Board  in  terms  of  which  the  Committee
oversees  the  Bank’s  credit  management  policies  and
practices.  The  Committee  usually  meets  every 
two
months, and more often if required.

to 

The  Group  uses  a  portfolio  approach 

the
management  of  its  credit  risk.  A  key  element  is  a  well
diversified  portfolio.  The  Group  is  using  various  portfolio
management  tools  to  assist  in  diversifying  the  credit
portfolio.  The  Bank  is 
involved  in  credit  derivative
transactions, has purchased various assets in the market
and  has  carried  out  various  asset  securitisations  and
a Collateralised Loan Obligation issue.

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14 Credit Risk Concentrations

Management of the Credit Business

The Group has clearly defined credit policies for the
risk.  Credit
approval  and  management  of  credit 
incorporate
underwriting 
terms  and
income/repayment  capacity,  acceptable 
security  and  loan  documentation  tests  exist  for  all
products.

standards, 

which 

integrity  and  ability  of 

The  Group  relies,  in  the  first  instance,  on  the
assessed 
the  debtor  or
counterparty  to  meet  its  contracted  financial  obligations
for  repayment.  Collateral  security,  in  the  form  of  real
property  or  a  floating  charge  is  generally  taken  for
business  credit  except  for  major  government,  bank  and
corporate  counterparties  of  strong  financial  standing.
Longer  term  consumer  finance  is  generally  secured
against  real  estate  while  short  term  revolving  consumer
credit is generally unsecured.

The  credit 

two
segments,  statistically  managed  and  credit  risk  rated
managed.

risk  portfolio 

is  divided 

into 

Statistically managed exposures generally comprise
consumer  facilities  of  less  than  $250,000.  Statistically
managed  exposures  are  generally  not 
individually
reviewed  unless  arrears  occur.  Statistically  managed
portfolios  are  reviewed  by  business  unit  Credit  Support
and Monitoring Units with an overview by the Risk Asset
Review unit.

in 

for 

the  statistically  managed  segment
Facilities 
become  classified 
remedial  management  by
centralised  units  based  on  arrears  status.  Impaired
assets  in  this  segment  are  those  ‘classified’  facilities
which  are  not  well  secured  and  past  due  180  days  or
more.  Most  of  these  facilities  are  written  off  immediately
on becoming past due 180 days or more.

Credit  risk  rated  managed  exposures  generally
comprise  business  and  corporate  exposures,  including
bank  and  government  exposures.  Credit  risk  rated
managed exposures are required to be reviewed at least
annually. The risk rated segment  is subject  to  inspection
by  the  Risk  Asset  Review  unit,  which  is  independent  of
the  business  units  and  which  reports  quarterly  on  its
findings to the Board Risk Committee.

83

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14 Credit Risk Concentrations continued

Total Gross Credit Risk by Industry

The following table sets out the Group’s Total Gross Credit Risk by industry as at 30 June 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and
2001. The industry profile of the loans, advances and other receivables content for the five financial years to 30 June 2001
is shown on page 89.

Industry
Australia
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Overseas
Total Gross Credit Risk
Less unearned income
Total Credit Risk

Charge for Bad and Doubtful Debts
Loss Rate (1)

2001
$M

2000
$M

1999
$M

1998
$M

At 30 June
1997
$M

6,012
6,308
22,490

73,800
4,547
10,979
6,628
42,893
173,657

385
1,564
11,897

8,085
198
449
146
10,359
33,083
206,740
(1,343)
205,397

385
0.19

6,195
6,141
20,908

63,696
4,205
12,911
6,937
47,297
168,290

1,152
1,017
8,008

7,268
152
1,487
217
10,300
29,601
197,891
(1,465)
196,426

196
0.11

6,162
5,303
15,430

49,150
3,830
10,688
3,100
34,955
128,618

493
833
5,631

7,152
579
542
191
7,945
23,366
151,984
(1,169)
150,815

247
0.16

5,200
4,791
17,654

41,231
2,790
8,659
1,940
34,145
116,410

819
640
7,012

6,275
505
290
173
8,091
23,805
140,215
(1,193)
139,022

233
0.17

6,686
3,743
14,878

37,498
2,705
7,183
4,277
29,116
106,086

1,048
595
7,147

5,983
166
412
                  -
6,759
22,110
128,196
(1,019)
127,177

98
0.08

(1)

The loss rate is the charge as a percentage of the credit risk.

The Group has  a  well  diversified  credit  portfolio  in  Australia  of  good  quality,  with  42%  of  the  exposure  in  mortgage
loans and a further 13% to finance, investment and insurance (primarily banks). 16% of exposure is overseas, of which 24%
is in mortgage loans. Overall over 60% of individually rated exposures in the commercial portfolio (including government and
finance) are of investment grade or equivalent quality.

84

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14  Credit Risk Concentrations continued
The following tables set out the credit risk concentrations of the Group.

Industry

Trading Investment

Loans
Advances
and Other Acceptances Contingent

Bank

Risk Concentration of the Group By Asset Class 30 June 2001

Securities Securities Receivables of Customers
$M

$M

$M

$M

Liabilities Derivatives
$M

$M

Total
$M

Australia
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Overseas
Gross Balances
Other Risk Concentrations
  Receivables due from other financial
  institutions
  Deposits with regulatory authorities
Total Gross Credit Risk

439
             -
2,397

2,837
               -
86

             -
             -
             -

               -
               -
               -

1,259
4,095

413
3,336

1,655
4,734
4,670

65,466
2,548
10,576
6,628
25,782
122,059

295
1,384
2,929

137
1,191
167

618
105
3,512

8,197
648
229

5,858
11,961

6,306
19,615

168
85
6,038

6,012
6,308
19,632

              -
160
7

73,800
4,547
10,979
6,628
3,275
42,893
9,733 170,799

45
             -
1,820

142
               -
2,512

165                     -
1,258                     -
17
2,824

32
306
803

1
              -
2,096

385
1,564
10,072

             -
             -
             -
             -
949
2,814
6,909

               -
               -
               -
               -
3,715
6,369
9,705

8,045                     -
177                     -
440                     -
146                     -
97
114
12,075

4,081
17,136
139,195

40
21
9
               -
1,411
2,622
22,237

              -
              -
              -
              -
106
2,203

8,085
198
449
146
10,359
31,258
11,936 202,057

4,622
61
206,740

Risk  concentrations  for  contingent  liabilities  and  derivatives  are  based  on  the  credit  equivalent  balance  in  Note  38,

Contingent Liabilities and Note 39, Market Risk respectively.

85

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14 Credit Risk Concentrations continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Industry

Trading Investment

Loans
Advances
and Other Acceptances Contingent

Bank

Risk Concentration of the Group by Asset Class 30 June 2000

Securities Securities Receivables of Customers
$M

$M

$M

$M

Liabilities Derivatives
$M

$M

Total
$M

Australia
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Overseas
Gross Balances
Other Risk Concentrations
  Receivables due from other financial
  institutions
  Deposits with regulatory authorities
Total Gross Credit Risk

857
-
2,380

-
-
-
-
2,243
5,480

351
21
935

-
-
16
-
544
1,867
7,347

2,674
-
125

-
-
-
-
1,347
4,146

290
-
1,561

-
-
-
-
3,152
5,003
9,149

1,681
4,686
5,167

63,471
2,627
11,759
6,937
23,603
119,931

204
996
2,278

7,266
152
1,470
217
3,254
15,837
135,768

376
1,113
2,633

117
962
189
-
5,717
11,107

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
11,107

144
151
1,868

108
532
962
-
11,197
14,962

304
-
598

2
-
1
-
3,171
4,076
19,038

463
191
4,576

6,195
6,141
16,749

63,696
-
4,205
84
12,911
1
6,937
-
3,190
47,297
8,505 164,131

3
-
1,595

1,152
1,017
6,967

-
-
-
-
179
1,777

7,268
152
1,487
217
10,300
28,560
10,282 192,691

5,154
46
197,891

86

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14 Credit Risk Concentrations continued

Industry

Total
Risk
$M

Risk Concentration of the Group’s Impaired Assets 30 June 2001
Net
Recoveries Write offs
$M

Impairment Write offs
$M

Impaired
Assets
$M

Provisions for

$M

$M

Australia
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Overseas
Gross Balances
Receivables due from other financial
institutions
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Total Gross Credit Risk

6,012
6,308
19,632

                -
68
69

                      -
8
24

                -                      -
10                      -
(9)

1

                 -
10
(8)

73,800
4,547
10,979
6,628
42,893
170,799

                -
23
14
13
332
519

4
6
28
7
77
154

10
14
142
16
301
494

(1)
(1)
(30)
(1)
(17)
(59)

9
13
112
15
284
435

385
1,564
10,072

62
                -
14

                      -
4

15                 -                      -
                -                      -
6                      -

                 -
                 -
6

                -
38

1                      -
(1)
(3)
                -                      -
(25)
(29)
(88)

102
147
641

1
(1)
35
                 -
77
118
553

                -
                -
1
                -
121
198
717

7
                      -
3
                      -
51
80
234

8,085
198
449
146
10,359
31,258
202,057

4,622
61
206,740

87

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14 Credit Risk Concentrations continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Industry

Australia
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Financial, Investment and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage
  Construction
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial and Industrial
Total Overseas
Gross Balances
Receivables due from other financial
institutions
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Total Gross Credit Risk

Risk Concentration of the Group’s Impaired Assets 30 June 2000
Net
Write offs
$M

Impaired Provisions for
Impairment
$M

Write offs Recoveries
$M

Assets
$M

$M

Total
Risk
$M

6,195                     -
101
6,141
53
16,749

                   -
35
23

                  -
6
2

                  -
(2)
(1)

                  -
4
1

8
6
17
6
110
205

8
24
104
11
90
245

(1)
(2)
(28)
(2)
(10)
(46)

7
22
76
9
80
199

63,696
4,205
12,911
6,937
47,297
164,131

1,152
1,017
6,967

37
60
10
18
445
724

55

85

1                    -

13                   -
                  -
1                   -

                  -
                  -
(2)

                  -
                  -
(2)

1,487

7,268                     -
152                     -
53
217                     -
217
411
1,135

10,300
28,560
192,691

3
                   -
69
                   -
141
227
432

                  -
4
                  -
1
6
251

1                   -
(1)
(3)
                  -
(2)
(8)
(54)

1
(1)
1
                  -
(1)
(2)
197

5,154
46
197,891

Large Exposures

Concentration  of  exposure 

to  any  debtor  or
counterparty  is  controlled  by  the  Large  Credit  Exposure
Policy. All exposures outside the policy are  approved  by
the Board Risk Committee.

10% to less than 15% of Group's capital resources
5% to less than 10% of Group's capital resources

The following table shows the aggregate number of
the  Group’s  corporate  exposures  (including  direct  and
contingent exposure) which individually were greater than
5%  of  the  Group’s  capital  resources  (Tier  1  and  Tier  2
capital):

2001
Number

2000
Number

1999
Number

1998
Number

1997
Number

-
2

-
1

1
7

1
7

1
4

88

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 14 Credit Risk Concentrations continued

Credit Portfolio

Industry Profile

The following  table  sets  forth  the  distribution  of  the  Group’s  loans,  advances  and  other  receivables  (excluding  bank

acceptances) classified by industry category at 30 June 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

2001
$M

2000
$M

1999
$M

1998
$M

At 30 June
1997
$M

Australia
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
   Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Australia

Overseas
Government and
Public Authorities
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Financial, Investment
and Insurance
Real Estate
  Mortgage (1)
  Construction (2)
Personal
Lease Financing
Other Commercial
and Industrial
Total Overseas
Gross Loans, Advances
and Other Receivables
Provisions for bad
and doubtful debts,
unearned income,
interest reserved
and unearned tax
remissions on
leverage leases
Net Loans, Advances
and Other Receivables

1,655

4,734

4,670

65,466
2,548
10,576
6,628

25,782
122,059

165

1,258

2,824

8,045
177
440
146

4,081
17,136

1,681

4,686

5,167

63,471
2,627
11,759
6,937

23,603
119,931

204

996

2,278

7,266
152
1,470
217

3,254
15,837

1,727

4,203

4,048

45,495
2,105
10,144
3,100

20,253
91,075

157

833

1,507

7,151
427
539
191

2,686
13,491

139,195

135,768

104,566

1,216

4,128

2,490

41,137
1,197
8,360
1,940

19,559
80,027

105

640

1,449

6,273
318
248
173

3,342
12,548

92,575

1,955

3,185

1,859

37,400
1,138
6,863
4,277

16,044
72,721

28

547

1,494

5,983
151
397
-

2,469
11,069

83,790

(3,136)

(3,504)

(2,729)

136,059

132,264

101,837

(2,759)

89,816

(2,158)

81,632

(1)

(2)

Principally owner occupied housing.
Financing real estate and land development projects.

89

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 15 Asset Quality

Impaired Assets

The  Group  adopted 
for 

the  Australian  disclosure
in
requirements 
AASB 1032: Specific Disclosures by Financial Institutions
with effect from Financial Year 1997.

Impaired  Assets 

contained 

There are three classifications of Impaired Assets:

(a) Non accruals, comprising:

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

any credit risk facility against which a specific
provision for impairment has been raised;
any  credit  risk  facility  maintained  on  a  cash
basis  because  of  significant  deterioration  in
the financial position of the borrower; and
any credit risk facility where loss of principal or
interest is anticipated.

(c)

At 31 December 1998 the definition of non accruals
was amended to align more closely  with APRA (formerly
RBA)  guidelines  and  industry  practice.  When  a  client  is
experiencing difficulties the account is classified as a non
accrual only where a loss is expected, taking into account
the 
level  of  security  held.  To  provide  comparable
provisioning  and  asset  quality  ratios  impaired  assets  at
30  June  1998  have  been  disclosed  under  the  amended
definition.

Impaired Asset Ratios
Gross impaired assets net of interest reserved as % of
credit risk net of unearned income
Net impaired assets as % of:
  Risk weighted assets
  Total shareholders’ equity

Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of Loans
(US GAAP definitions)

Impaired Loans (non accrual)

Impaired Loans with allowance for credit losses
 - allowance for credit losses

Impaired Loans with no allowance for credit loss

Average investment in Impaired Loans

Income recognised on Impaired Loans

(1)

Excluding Colonial

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

All  interest  charged  in  the  relevant  financial  period
that has not been received in cash is reversed from profit
and loss when facilities become classified as non accrual.
Interest  on  these  facilities  is  then  only  taken  to  profit  if
received in cash.
(b) Restructured Facilities

to 

the  borrower. 

Credit risk facilities on which the original contractual
financial
terms  have  been  modified  due 
difficulties  of 
these
facilities is taken to profit and loss. Failure to comply
fully with the modified terms will result in immediate
reclassification to non accrual.
Assets  Acquired  Through  Security  Enforcement
(AATSE), comprising:
(cid:1) 

Interest  on 

or 

ownership 

Other  Real  Estate  Owned 
(OREO),
comprising  real  estate  where  the  Bank  has
assumed 
in
settlement of a debt; and
Other  Assets  Acquired  Through  Security
Enforcement  (OAATSE),  comprising  assets
other  than  real  estate  where  the  Bank  has
assumed 
in
settlement of a debt.

foreclosed 

foreclosed 

ownership 

or 

2001
%

0.32

0.30
2.09

2001
$M

699

514
203

185

911

51

2000
%

0.51

0.44
3.10

GROUP
1999
%

0.39

0.32
4.52

Year ended 30 June

1999 (1)
$M

2000
$M

1,123

760
411

363

880

636

505
255

131

778

51 (1)

33 (1)

(cid:1) 

90

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 15 Asset Quality continued

Impaired Assets
The following table sets forth the Group’s impaired assets as at 30 June 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

Australia
Non-accrual loans:
  Gross balances
  Less interest reserved
  Gross balance (net of interest reserved)
  Less provisions for impairment
  Net non-accrual loans

Restructured loans:
  Gross balances
  Less interest reserved
  Gross balance (net of interest reserved)
  Less specific provisions
  Net restructured loans

Assets Acquired Through Security
Enforcement (AATSE):
  Gross balances
  Less provisions for impairment
  Net AATSE
  Net Australian impaired assets

Overseas
Non-accrual loans:
  Gross balances
  Less interest reserved
  Gross balance (net of interest reserved)
  Less provisions for impairment
  Net non-accrual loans

Restructured loans:
  Gross balances
  Less interest reserved
  Gross balance (net of interest reserved)
  Less specific provisions
  Net restructured loans

Asset Acquired Through
Security Enforcement
  Less provisions for impairment
  Net AATSE
  Net overseas impaired assets
Total net impaired assets

2001
$M

518
(63)
455
(154)
301

2000
$M

722
(128)
594
(205)
389

1999
$M

495
(66)
429
(178)
251

1

1

1
                     -                      -                      -
1
                     -                      -                      -
1

1

1

1

1

                     -
1                      -
                     -                      -                      -
1                      -
252

-
302

391

1998(1)
$M

At 30 June
1997
$M

616
(85)
531
(174)
357

831
(100)
731
(222)
509

-
-
-
-
-

                    -
                    -
                    -
                    -
                    -

-
-
-
357

                    -
                    -
                    -
509

197
(5)
192
(79)
113

410
(3)
407
(226)
181

147
(2)
145
(97)
48

310
(17)
293
(105)
188

75
(9)
66
(19)
47

                     -                      -                      -
                     -                      -                      -
                     -                      -                      -
                     -                      -                      -
                     -                      -                      -

1
(1)

                     -                      -
181
572

113
415

1

14
(1)                      -
14
62
314

-
-
-
-
-

                    -
                    -
                    -
                    -
                    -

-
-
-
188
545

                    -
                    -
                    -
47
556

(1)

Under  revised  definition  of  non  accrual  assets  introduced  31  December  1998  net  impaired  assets  at  30  June  1998
would have been $466 million.

The  Group  has  improved  its  asset  quality  position.  Ongoing  management  of  impaired  assets  has  resulted  in  a  significant
reduction in impaired assets, both through write off and realisation or return to performing status.

91

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 15 Asset Quality continued

Movement in Impaired Asset Balances

The  following  table  provides  an  analysis  of  the  movement  in  the  gross  impaired  asset  balances  for  Financial  Years

1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

Gross impaired assets at period beginning
New and increased
Balances written off
Returned to performing or repaid

Colonial impaired assets
Gross impaired assets at period end

2001
$M

1,135
707
(666)
(459)
717
-
717

2000
$M

657
414
(226)
(194)
651
484
1,135

1999
$M

926
415
(280)
(404) (1)
657
-
657

Year Ended 30 June
1997
$M

1998
$M

906
689
(216)
(453)
926
-
926

1,185
487
(190)
(576)
906
-
906

(1)

Includes $99 million reduction due to revised definition of non accruals introduced 31 December 1998.

Loans Accruing But Past Due 90 Days or More

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
Housing loans
Other loans
Total

Interest Income Forgone on Impaired Assets

Interest income forgone
Australia Non Accrual Facilities
Overseas Non Accrual Facilities
Total

Interest Taken to Profit on Impaired Assets

Australia
Non Accrual Facilities
Restructured Facilities
Overseas
Non Accrual Facilities
OREO
Total Interest taken to Profit

(2)

Excluding Colonial

2001
$M

218
90
308

2000
$M

211
64
275

2001
$M

2000(2)
$M

8
8
16

4
5
9

1999
$M

182
23
205

1999
$M

17
10
27

1998
$M

249
41
290

at 30 June
1997
$M

267
37
304

Year Ended 30 June
1997
$M

1998
$M

34
7
41

52
3
55

2001
$M

2000(2)
$M

1999
$M

Year Ended 30 June
1997
$M

1998
$M

37
                  -

45
                  -

33
                 -

34
                 -

50
                 -

14
                  -
51

6
                  -
51

                 -
                 -
33

                 -
                 -
34

                 -
5
55

92

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 15 Asset Quality continued

Impaired Assets

Non Accrual Loans
  With provisions
  Without provisions
Gross Balances
Less interest reserved
Net Balances
Less provisions for impairment
Net Non Accrual Loans

Restructured Loans
Gross Balances
Less interest reserved
Net Balances
Less provisions for impairment
Net Restructured Loans

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Gross Balances
Less provisions for impairment
Net OREO

Other Assets Acquired Through Security
Enforcement (OAATSE)
Gross Balances
Less provisions for impairment
Net OAATSE

Total Impaired Assets
Gross Balances
Less interest reserved
Net Balances
Less provisions for impairment
Net Impaired Assets

Non Accrual Loans by Size of Loan
Less than $1 million
$1 million to $10 million
Greater than $10 million
Total

Accruing Loans 90 days past due or more
These are loans which are well secured and
not classified as impaired assets but which
are in arrears 90 days or more. Interest on
these loans continues to be taken to profit.

Australia Overseas
2001
$M

2001
$M

334
184
518
(63)
455
(154)
301

196
1
197
(5)
192
(79)
113

GROUP
Total
2001
$M

530
185
715
(68)
647
(233)
414

Australia
2000
$M

Overseas
2000
$M

378
344
722
(128)
594
(205)
389

391
19
410
(3)
407
(226)
181

GROUP
Total
2000
$M

769
363
1,132
(131)
1,001
(431)
570

1
               -
1
               -
1

              -
              -
              -
              -
              -

1
              -
1
              -
1

1
              -
1
              -
1

              -
              -
              -
              -
              -

1
               -
1
               -
1

               -
               -
               -

              -
              -
              -

              -
              -
              -

1
              -
1

              -
              -
              -

1
               -
1

               -
               -
               -

1
(1)
              -

1
(1)
              -

              -
              -
              -

1
(1)
              -

1
(1)
               -

519
(63)
456
(154)
302

146
196
176
518

292

198
(5)
193
(80)
113

3
37
157
197

16

717
(68)
649
(234)
415

149
233
333
715

308

724
(128)
596
(205)
391

324
217
181
722

262

411
(3)
408
(227)
181

54
35
321
410

13

1,135
(131)
1,004
(432)
572

378
252
502
1,132

275

93

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 15 Asset Quality continued

Colonial State Bank

loan 

losses 

Indemnified loan book
Pursuant  to  the  Sale  Agreement  between  Colonial
and  the  New  South  Wales  Government,  Colonial  State
Bank’s  loan  book  as  at  31  December  1994  and  any
further 
interest)  arising  are
(including 
indemnified by the NSW Government. This indemnity is to
the extent of 90% of the losses after an initial $60 million
(which  was  provided  for  by  Colonial  State  Bank  as  at
31 December 1994). All loans (other than impaired loans)
are covered for a period of three years from 31 December
1994  and  for  the  duration  of  the  loan  in  the  case  of
impaired  loans  so  classified  as  at  31  December  1997.
to  be
The  Sale  Agreement  also  allows 
withdrawn  from  the  indemnity  provided  the  withdrawal  is

loans 

for 

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

approved  by  Colonial  State  Bank  and 
Government and the due processes are followed.

the  NSW

Pursuant  to  the  Sale  Agreement,  the  costs  of
funding  and  managing  Non-Performing  loans  which  are
covered  by  the  loan  indemnities  are  reimbursed  by  the
NSW Government on a quarterly basis.

Selected Regional Exposures

Asia
Over  48%  of  total  exposures  relate  to  financial
institutions. Exposures to Indonesia, Thailand and Korea
have  reduced  by  10%  in  the  Financial  Year  2001  and
represent  approximately  19%  of  the  Bank’s  Asian  credit
risk.

The Group’s credit risk exposure to Asian countries as at 30 June 2001 is set out below. The exposures exclude Group

equity investments.

CUSTOMER TYPE

Country

Finance

Corporate/ Government

China
Hong Kong

Japan
Malaysia
Singapore
Taiwan
Other

Indonesia
South Korea
Thailand

Total

Multinational
$M

171
662
833

241
116
152
-
3
512

107
140
95
342
1,687

$M

65
472
537

1,259
6
123
8
4
1,400

8
262
3
273
2,210

$M

-
-
-

161
41
19
-
-
221

62
-
25
87
308

Project
Finance
$M

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-

139
-
-
139
139

APL/NZPL

$M

1
186
187

-
2
27
-
-
29

32
-
-
32
248

2001
Total
Exposure
$M

2000
Total
Exposure
$M

237
1,320
1,557

1,661
165
321
8
7
2,162

348
402
123
873
4,592

75
861
936

1,309
74
768
37
7
2,195

420
402
151
973
4,104

Other Regional Exposures

CUSTOMER TYPE

Project
Finance
$M

-
-
-

APL/NZPL

$M

-
-
-

2001
Total
Exposure
$M

2000
Total
Exposure
$M

63
-
108

50
5
100

Project Finance - Long term lending for large scale
projects (such as mining, infrastructure) where repayment
is primarily reliant on the cash flow from the project.

Region

Finance

Corporate/ Government

Eastern Europe
Latin America
Middle East

Multinational
$M

-
-
-

$M

22
-
108

Total  Exposure  -  The  maximum  of  the  limit  or
balance  utilised  for  committed  facilities,  whichever  is
highest,  and 
for  uncommitted
facilities.  For  derivative  facilities,  balances  are  reported
on a ‘mark to market plus potential exposure’ basis.

the  balance  utilised 

$M

41
-
-

94

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 16 Life Insurance Investment Assets

Equity Security Investments
Direct
Indirect

Debt Security Investments
Direct
Indirect

Property Investments
Direct
Indirect

Cash on Deposit
Total Life Insurance Investment Assets

the 

issuer  of 

investment. 

Direct  investments  refer  to  investments  that  are
directly  with  the 
Indirect
investments  refer  to  investments  that  are  held  through
unit trusts or similar investment vehicles.
Disclosure on Asset Restriction
Investments held in the Statutory Funds can only be
used  within  the  restrictions  imposed  under  the  Life
Insurance Act 1995. The main restrictions are that assets
in  a  Fund  can  only  be  used  to  meet  the  liabilities  and
expense  of  the  Fund,  to  acquire  investments  to  further

2001
$M

9,349
5,024
14,373

8,815
5,224
14,039

1,085
1,354
2,439
362
31,213

GROUP
2000
$M

7,754
3,530
11,284

8,525
4,160
12,685

1,276
1,048
2,324
743
27,036

the  business  of  the  Fund  or  as  distributions  when
solvency  and  capital  adequacy  requirements  are  met.
Participating  policyholders  can  receive  a  distribution
when solvency requirements are met, whilst shareholders
can  only  receive  a  distribution  when  the  higher  level  of
capital adequacy requirements are met.

These  investment  assets  held  in  the  Statutory
Funds  are  not  available  for  use  by  the  Commonwealth
Bank’s operating businesses.

NOTE 17 Deposits With Regulatory Authorities

Central Banks Overseas
Total Deposits with Regulatory Authorities

2001
$M

61
61

GROUP
2000
$M

46
46

2001
$M

4
4

BANK
2000
$M

3
3

NOTE 18 Shares in and Loans to Controlled Entities

Shares in controlled entities
Loans to controlled entities
Total Shares in and Loans to Controlled Entities

               -
               -
               -

               -
               -
               -

9,847
6,578
16,425

12,198
5,151
17,349

95

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 19 Property, Plant and Equipment

(a)  Land and Buildings
       Land
         At 30 June 2001 valuation
         At 30 June 2000 valuation
        Closing balance
      Buildings
        At 30 June 2001 valuation
        At 30 June 2000 valuation
        Closing balance
      Total Land and Buildings

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$M

GROUP
2000
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

191                 -

222                -
179
222

179                -
208
208

                -
191

389                 -

508                -
312
508
491
730

312                -
334
334
542

                -
389
580

These valuations were established by the Directors and are lower than valuations prepared by independent valuers.

(b)  Leasehold Improvements
       At cost
       Provision for depreciation
       Closing balance

(c)  Equipment
      At cost
      Provision for depreciation
      Closing balance
      Total Property, Plant and Equipment

Reconciliation

444
(275)
169

574
(404)
170
919

2001
$M

532
(336)
196

670
(523)
147
1,073

GROUP
2000
$M

388
(251)
137

329
(269)
60
688

2001
$M

Reconciliation of the carrying amount of property plant and equipment at the beginning and end of the 2001 and 2000
financial years.

Land
Opening balance
Disposals
Net revaluations
Closing balance

Buildings
Opening balance
Acquisitions
Disposals
Depreciation
Closing balance

Leasehold Improvements
Opening balance
Acquisitions
Disposals
Transfers
Asset writedown
Depreciation
Closing balance

Equipment
Opening balance
Acquisitions
Disposals
Depreciation
Closing balance

222
(36)
5
191

508
42
(132)
(29)
389

196
46
(2)
-
(26)
(45)
169

147
99
-
(76)
170

239
(17)
-
222

470
112
(43)
(31)
508

153
73
(2)
-
-
(28)
196

139
77
(11)
(58)
147

208
(29)
-
179

334
41
(37)
(26)
312

126
26
(2)
13
-
(26)
137

71
15
-
(26)
60

96

321
(195)
126

351
(280)
71
739

BANK
2000
$M

216
(8)
-
208

358
13
(9)
(28)
334

135
50
(1)
(32)
-
(26)
126

87
18
-
(34)
71

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 20 Intangible Assets

Purchased goodwill - Colonial (refer note 2)
Purchased goodwill - Other (1)
Realisation of life insurance synergy benefits (refer note 2)
Accumulated amortisation
Total Goodwill
Excess of net market value over net assets of life insurance controlled entities
Total Intangibles

2001
$M

5,662
1,132
(332)
(746)
5,716
5,136
10,852

GROUP
2000
$M

5,424
888
-
(407)
5,905
4,322 (3)
10,227

2001
$M
2,742 (2)
835
-
(426)
3,151
-
3,151

BANK
2000
$M

-
784
-
(372)
412
-
412

(1)

(2)

Increase in other goodwill principally relates to acquisition of remaining 25% interest in ASB Group in August 2000.
Colonial State Bank goodwill arising on Commonwealth Bank of Australia becoming successor in law to all assets and
liabilities of Colonial State Bank, refer Note 1(c).

Excess of net market value over net assets of controlled entities of the life insurance businesses:

Commonwealth entities
ASB entities
Colonial entities

Commonwealth entities
ASB entities
Colonial entities

Further detail is provided in Note 34.

GROUP
At 30 June 2001
Excess of
Market Value
Over Net Assets
$M

2,135
184
2,817
5,136

GROUP
At 30 June 2000(3)
Excess of
Market Value
Over Net Assets
$M

1,571
203
2,548
4,322

Net
Assets
$M

540
136
2,191
2,867

Net
Assets
$M

407
83
1,924
2,414

Market
Value
$M

2,675
320
5,008
8,003

Market
Value
$M

1,978
286
4,472
6,736

(3)

Balances at 30 June 2000  include  some  minor  adjustments.  Excess  disclosed  at  30  June  2000  was  $4,352  million,
which has been restated to $4,322 million. Such adjustments have no effect on the appraisal value uplift for the year.
These adjustments were reflected in the published results at 31 December 2000.

97

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 21 Other Assets

Accrued interest receivable
Shares in other companies
Accrued fees/reimbursements receivable
Securities sold not delivered
Future income tax benefits
Unrealised gains on trading derivatives (Note 39) (1)
Other
Total Other Assets

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$M

1,155
68
381
1,035
694
9,592
962
13,887

GROUP
2000
$M

1,314
127
187
656
899
6,252
2,444
11,879

2001
$M

1,118
40
400
781
358
8,962
217
11,876

BANK
2000
$M

1,004
41
63
429
237
5,764
717
8,255

(1)

The increases in unrealised gains on trading derivatives reflects increased volumes of derivative transactions and falls
in interest rates in Australia and the United States and the AUD/USD exchange rate.

for  deductibility 

to  comply  with 
imposed  by 

The  Company  continues 
conditions 
legislation; and
No  changes  in  tax  legislation  adversely  affect  the
Company 
the
realising 
in 
deductions for the losses.

the  benefit 

the
tax

from 

2001
$M

12,927
28,102
54,601
6,350
435
6
102,421

2,294
7,849
4,130
635
26
14,934
117,355

GROUP
2000
$M

14,136
29,677
48,975
6,075
946
7
99,816

2,686
6,144
3,419
529
-
12,778
112,594

2001
$M

12,927
25,529
54,854
6,380
434
-
100,124

1,108
2,171
39
7
26
3,351
103,475

BANK
2000
$M

12,686
22,788
43,223
5,803
946
-
85,446

1,269
1,423
98
4
-
2,794
88,240

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Potential future income tax benefits of the Company
arising  from  tax  losses  in  offshore  centres  and  timing
differences have not been recognised as assets because
recovery  is  not  virtually  certain.  These  benefits,  which
could amount to $146 million (2000: $173 million) will only
be obtained if:
(cid:1) 

The Company derives future assessable  income  of
a  nature  and  of  an  amount  sufficient  to  enable  the
benefit  from  the  deductions  for  the  losses  to  be
realised;

NOTE 22 Deposits and Other Public Borrowings

Australia
Certificates of deposit
Term deposits
On demand and short term deposits
Deposits not bearing interest
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Other
Total Australia

Overseas
Certificates of deposit
Term deposits
On demand and short term deposits
Deposits not bearing interest
Agreements to repurchase
Total Overseas
Total Deposits and Other Public Borrowings

98

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 22 Deposits and Other Public Borrowings continued

Maturity Distribution of Certificates of Deposit and Time Deposits

The following  table  sets  forth  the  maturity  distribution  of  the  Group’s  certificates  of  deposits  and  time  deposits  as  at

30 June 2001.

At 30 June 2001

Maturing
Three
Months or
Less
$M

Maturing
Between
Three & six
Months
$M

Maturing
Between
Six &
Twelve
Months
$M

Maturing
After
Twelve
Months
$M

Australia
Certificates of deposit (1)
Time deposits
Total Australia

Overseas
Certificates of deposit (1)
Time deposits
Total Overseas
Total Certificates of Deposit and Time Deposits

5,720
12,411
18,131

1,403
6,287
7,690
25,821

1,742
8,704
10,446

310
726
1,036
11,482

-
3,953
3,953

530
574
1,104
5,057

(1)

All certificates of deposit issued by the Bank are for amounts greater than $100,000.

NOTE 23 Payables to Other Financial Institutions

Australia
Overseas
Total Payables to Other Financial Institutions

NOTE 24 Income Tax Liability

Australia
Provision for income tax
Provision for deferred income tax
Total Australia

Overseas
Provision for income tax
Provision for deferred income tax
Total Overseas
Total Income Tax Liability

2001
$M

2,816
4,087
6,903

2001
$M

163
1,049
1,212

90
53
143
1,355

GROUP
2000
$M

1,569
3,064
4,633

GROUP
2000
$M

585
1,155
1,740

39
44
83
1,823

5,465
3,034
8,499

51
262
313
8,812

2001
$M

2,675
3,674
6,349

2001
$M

26
377
403

11
-
11
414

Total
$M

12,927
28,102
41,029

2,294
7,849
10,143
51,172

BANK
2000
$M

1,306
2,830
4,136

BANK
2000
$M

180
364
544

6
-
6
550

The  significant  decrease  in  the  provision  for  income  tax  is  largely  due  to  the  impact  of  the  new  PAYG  instalment
system. The new system requires three instalments of tax to be paid prior to year end as opposed to two under the previous
system  and  the  change  in  methodology  for  calculating  instalments  has  resulted  in  each  instalment  paid  under  the  new
system being higher than would have been payable under the previous system.

99

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 25 Other Provisions

Provision for:
Long service leave
Annual leave
Other employee entitlements
Restructuring costs
General insurance claims
Self insurance/non lending losses
Other
Total Other Provisions

NOTE 26 Debt Issues

Short term debt issues
Long term debt issues
Total Debt Issues

Short Term Debt Issues
AUD Bill Reliquification
AUD Promissory Notes
AUD Bank Bills
NZD Promissory Notes
US Commercial Paper
Euro Commercial Paper
Long Term Debt Issues with less than
One Year to Maturity
Total Short Term Debt Issues

Long Term Debt Issues
USD Medium Term Notes
AUD Medium Term Notes
JPY Medium Term Notes
Other Currencies Medium Term Notes
Offshore Loans (all JPY)
Eurobonds
Develop Australia Bonds (all AUD)
Total Long Term Debt Issues

Maturity Distribution of Debt Issues
Less than 3 months
3 months to 12 months
Between 1 and 5 years
Greater than 5 years
Total Debt Issues

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$M

304
159
158
204
52
46
84
1,007

GROUP
2000
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

312
163
188
485

289
134
150
174
45                 -
44
33
46
328
837
1,554

287
124
188
124
               -
33
52
808

16,620
7,864
24,484

16,249
9,026
25,275

4,318
6,372
10,690

5,406
2,799
8,205

639
3,150
679
                -
6,111
4,200

639
2,547
2,418                 -
546                 -
251                 -
3,814                 -
1,838
3,150

2,547
                -
                -
                -
                -
1,647

1,841
16,620

3,523
16,249

1,841
4,318

1,212
5,406

2,937
2,312
255
338
841
1,181
                -
7,864

2,286
1,719
197
981
540
3,144

2,346
1,748
255
179
841
1,003
159                 -
6,372

9,026

986
494
197
482
540
100
                -
2,799

11,349
5,271
7,208
656
24,484

11,618
4,631
7,839
1,187
25,275

2,404
1,914
5,848
524
10,690

4,615
791
2,109
690
8,205

100

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 26 Debt Issues continued

The  Bank  has  a  Euro  Medium  Term  Note
programme under which it may issue notes (Euro MTN’s)
up to an aggregate amount of USD5 billion. Notes issued
under the programmes are both fixed and variable rate.

Interest  rate  risk  associated  with  the  notes  is
risk

the  Bank’s 

interest 

rate 

incorporated  within 
framework.

Subsequent to 30 June 2001,  the Bank has  issued
2003

HKD500  million  Euro  MTN’s  due 
(AUD125 million):

July 

Where  any  debt  issue  is  booked  in  an  offshore
branch  or  subsidiary,  the  amounts  have  first  been
converted  into  the  base  currency  of  the  branch  at
a branch defined  exchange  rate,  before  being  converted
into the AUD equivalent.

Where proceeds have been employed in currencies
other than that of the ultimate repayment liability, swap or
other hedge arrangements have been entered into.

Short Term Borrowings

The following table analyses the Group’s short term borrowings for the Financial Years ended 30 June 1999, 2000 and

2001.

US Commercial Paper
Outstanding at period end (1)
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end (2)
Approximate average amount outstanding (2)
Approximate weighted average rate on:
  Average amount outstanding
  Outstanding at period end

Euro Commercial Paper
Outstanding at period end (1)
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end (2)
Approximate average amount outstanding (2)
Approximate weighted average rate on:
  Average amount outstanding
  Outstanding at period end

Bill Reliquification (3)
Outstanding at period end (1)
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end (2)
Approximate average amount outstanding (2)
Approximate weighted-average rate on:
  Average amount outstanding
  Outstanding at period end

Other Commercial Paper
Outstanding at period end (1)
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end (2)
Approximate average amount outstanding (2)
Approximate weighted average rate on:
  Average amount outstanding
  Outstanding at period end

2001

Year Ended 30 June
1999

2000

($ millions, except where indicated)

6,111
7,850
6,571

5.6%
4.0%

4,200
5,579
4,533

4.3%
2.3%

639
2,180
1,097

6.0%
5.0%

3,829
5,117
3,637

5.7%
5.0%

3,814
7,890
6,130

5.7%
6.6%

3,150
4,788
2,855

4.8%
3.7%

4,491
5,408
4,419

5.2%
5.0%

1,582
2,267
1,714

4.5%
4.4%

2,547                         -
2,599                         -
1,972                         -

5.8%
6.2%

3,215
3,304
2,231

5.5%
5.1%

 -
-

695
781
324

4.6%
4.9%

(1)

(2)

(3)

The amount outstanding at period end is reported on a book value basis (amortised cost).
The maximum and average amounts over the period are reported on a face value basis because the book values of
these amounts are not available. Any difference between face value and book value  would not be material given the
short term nature of the borrowings.
Commercial bills sold under non recourse arrangements.

101

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 26 Debt Issues continued

Exchange Rates Utilised

AUD 1.00 =

USD
GBP
JPY
NZD
HKD
DEM
CHF
IDR

30 June 2001 30 June 2000
 0.5982
 0.3943
 63.155
 1.278
 4.664
 1.229
 0.979
 5,230

 0.5080
 0.3612
 63.071
 1.256
 3.962
 1.175
 0.913
 5,796

Guarantee Arrangements

Commonwealth Bank of Australia
The due payment of all monies payable by the Bank
was guaranteed by the Commonwealth of Australia under
section  117  of  the  Commonwealth  Bank’s  Act  1959
(as amended) at 30 June 1996. This guarantee has been
progressively  phased  out  following  the  sale  of  the
Commonwealth  of  Australia’s  shareholding  in  the  Bank
on 19 July 1996.

The  transitional  arrangements  for  phasing  out  the
Commonwealth of Australia’s guarantee are contained in
the Commonwealth Bank Sale Act 1995.

In  relation  to  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia’s
transitional

the  Bank’s 

liabilities, 

guarantee  of 
arrangements provided that:
(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

all  demand  deposits  and 
term  deposits  were
guaranteed for a period of three years from 19 July
1996,  with  term  deposits  outstanding  at  the  end  of
that  three  year  period  being  guaranteed  until
maturity; and
all other amounts payable under a contract that was
entered  into,  or  under  an  instrument  executed,
issued,  endorsed  or  accepted  by  the  Bank  at
19 July 1996 will be guaranteed until their maturity.
longer
Accordingly,  demand  deposits  are  no 
guaranteed.  Term  deposits  outstanding  at  19  July  1999
remain  guaranteed  until  maturity.  The  run  off  of  the
Government  guarantee  has  no  effect  on  the  Bank’s
access to deposit markets.

Commonwealth Development Bank
On  24  July  1996,  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia
sold 
the  Commonwealth
its  8.1%  shareholding 
Development  Bank  Limited  (CDBL)  to  the  Bank  for
$12.5 million.

in 

Under the arrangements relating to the purchase by
the  Commonwealth  of  Australia’s

the  Bank  of 
shareholding in the CDBL:

NOTE 27 Bills Payable and Other Liabilities

Bills payable
Accrued interest payable
Accrued fees and other items payable
Securities purchased not delivered
Unrealised losses on trading derivatives (Note 39) (1)
Other liabilities
Total Bills Payable and Other Liabilities

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

all  lending  assets  as  at  30  June  1996  have  been
quarantined  in  CDBL,  consistent  with  the  Charter
terms on which they were written;
the CDBL’s liabilities continue to remain guaranteed
by the Commonwealth; and
CDBL  ceased  to  write  new  business  or  incur
additional  liabilities  from  1  July  1996.  From  that
date,  new  business  that  would  have  previously
been  written  by  CDBL  is  being  written  by  the  rural
arm of the Bank.
The due payment of all monies payable by CDBL is
guaranteed  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia  under
Section  117  of  the  Commonwealth  Banks  Act  1959  (as
amended). This guarantee will continue to be provided by
the  Commonwealth  whilst  quarantined  assets  are  held.
The  value  of  the  liabilities  under  the  guarantee  will
diminish  as  quarantined  assets  reach  maturity  and  are
repaid.

State Bank of NSW (known as Colonial State Bank)

The  enabling  legislation  for  the  sale  of  the  State
Bank  of  New  South  Wales  Limited  (SBNSW),  the  State
Bank (Privatisation) Act 1994 – Section 12 and the State
Bank 
(Corporatisation)  Act  1989  –  Section  12
(as amended), provides in general terms for a guarantee
by  the  NSW  Government  in  respect  of  all  funding
liabilities  and  off  balance  sheet  products  (other  than
demand  deposits) 
to  31
incurred  or 
December  1997  by  SBNSW  until  maturity  and  a
guarantee for demand deposits accepted by  SBNSW up
to 31  December  1997.  Other  obligations  incurred  before
31 December 1994 are also guaranteed to their maturity.
On  4  June  2001  Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia
became the successor in law to SBNSW pursuant to the
Financial  Sector  (Transfers  of  Business)  Act  1999.  The
NSW  Government  guarantee  of 
liabilities  and
products as described above continues unchanged by the
succession.

issued  prior 

the 

2001
$M

886
1,062
896
1,124
8,759
1,145
13,872

GROUP
2000
$M

825
1,340
760
803
5,605
2,216
11,549

2001
$M

818
900
712
875
8,105
137
11,547

BANK
2000
$M

754
815
558
693
5,284
324
8,428

(1)

The increase in unrealised losses on trading derivatives reflects increased volumes of derivative transactions and falls
in interest rates in Australia and the United States and the AUD/USD exchange rate.

102

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 28 Loan Capital

Tier 1 Capital

Exchangeable
Exchangeable
Undated

Tier 2 Capital
Extendible
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated
Subordinated

Total Loan Capital

FRNs
FRNs
FRNs

FRNs
MTNs
FRNs
FRNs
MTNs
FRNs
Notes
FRNs
EMTN’s
EMTN’s
EMTN’s
EMTN’s
EMTN’s
EMTN’s
EMTN’s
Loan
FRNs
FRNs
Notes
Other

Currency
Amount (M)
USD300
USD400
USD100

AUD300
AUD185
AUD115
AUD25
AUD200
AUD50
USD300
USD450
JPY20,000
USD200
USD75
USD100
USD400
GBP200
JPY30,000
NZD100
AUD210
AUD38
AUD130
AUD39

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(7)

(8)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

Where a foreign currency hedge is in place to utilise
a  loan  capital  issue  in  a  currency  other  than  that  of  its
original  issue, the AUD equivalent value  is  shown  net  of
the hedge.

(1)

(2)

(3)

USD  300  million  Undated  Floating  Rate  Notes
(FRNs)  issued  11  July  1988  exchangeable  into
Dated FRNs.

Outstanding notes at 30 June 2001 were:
USD1.5 million
Due July 2003
USD0.5 million
Due July 2004
USD37.5 million
undated

:
:
:

USD 400 million Undated FRNs issued 22 February
1989 exchangeable into Dated FRNs.

Outstanding notes at 30 June 2001 were:
USD64 million
Due February 2005
USD31 million
undated

:
:

USD  100  million  Undated  Capital  Notes  issued  on
15 October 1986.
The  Bank  has  entered  into  separate  agreements
with  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia  relating  to  each  of
the  above  issues  (the  Agreements’)  which  qualify  the
issues as Tier 1 capital.

2001
$M

2000
$M

GROUP
1999
$M

2001
$M

2000
$M

78
187
197
462

300
185
115
25
200
50
591
882
326
314
115
152
501
408
582
79
210
38
130
39
5,242
5,704

92
159
167
418

300
185
115
25
200
50
502
746
277
314
115
152
501
408
495
79
210
38
130
39
4,881
5,299

113
330
152
595

300
185
115
25
-
-
-
-
251
-
-
-
501
408
448
-
-
-
-
-
2,233
2,828

78
187
197
462

300
185
115
25
200
50
591
882
325
314
115
152
501
408
582
-
210
38
130
39
5,162
5,624

92
159
167
418

300
185
115
25
200
50
502
746
277
314
115
152
501
408
495
-
-
-
-
-
4,385
4,803

BANK
1999
$M

113
330
152
595

300
185
115
25
-
-
-
-
251
-
-
-
501
408
448
-
-
-
-
-
2,233
2,828

The Agreements provide that, upon  the occurrence
of certain events listed below, the Bank may issue either
fully  paid  ordinary  shares  to  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia  or  (with  the  consent  of  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia)  rights  to  all  shareholders  to  subscribe  for  fully
paid  ordinary  shares  up  to  an  amount  equal  to  the
outstanding  principal  value  of  the  relevant  note  issue  or
issues  plus  any  interest  paid  in  respect  of  the  notes  for
the most recent  financial  year  and  accrued  interest.  The
issue  price  of  such  shares  will  be  determined  by
reference  to  the  prevailing  market  price  for  the  Bank’s
shares.

Any one or more of the following events may trigger
the issue of shares to the Commonwealth of Australia or
a rights issue:
(cid:1) 

a relevant event of default (discussed below) occurs
in  respect  of  a  note  issue  and  the  Trustee  of  the
relevant  notes  gives  notice  to  the  Bank  that  the
notes are immediately due and payable;
the most recent audited annual financial statements
of  the  Group  show  a  loss  (as  defined  in  the
Agreements);

(cid:1) 

103

Notes to the financial statements

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(15)

(17)

(18)

(19)

Any  payment  made  by  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia pursuant to its guarantee in respect of the issue
will  trigger  the  issue  of  shares  to  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia to the value of such payment.
(5)

issued
AUD300  million  Subordinated  Notes, 
February  1999;  due  February  2009,  split 
into
$185 million  fixed  rate  notes  and  $115  million
floating rate notes.
AUD25  million  Subordinated  FRN,  issued  April
1999, due April 2029.
AUD  250  million  Subordinated  FRN, 
issued
November  1999,  due  November  2009;  split  into
$200 million fixed rate notes and $50 million floating
rate notes.
USD  750  million  Subordinated  Notes,  issued  June
2000,  due  June  2010;  split  into  USD  300  million
fixed  rate  notes  and  USD  450  million  floating  rate
notes.
JPY20  billion  Perpetual  Subordinated  Euro  MTN,
issued February 1999.

(10) USD  200  million  Subordinated  EMTN, 
November 1999, due November 2009.
(11) USD  75  million  Subordinated  EMTN, 

January 2000, due January 2010.

(12) USD  100  million  Subordinated  EMTN, 

issued

issued

issued

January 2000, due January 2010.

(13) USD400  million  Subordinated  Euro  MTN  issued

June 1996; due July 2006.

(14) GBP200  million  Subordinated  Euro  MTN  issued

(16) NZD100 

issued

matures

Subordinated 

March 1996; due December 2006.
JPY30  billion  Subordinated  Euro  MTN 
October 1995; due October 2015.
million 
15 December 2009.
AUD210  million  Euro  FRN  issued  3  September
1996, maturing 10 September 2004.
AUD38  million  FRN  issued  15  December  1997,
maturing 15 December 2004.
AUD130  million  Subordinated  Notes  comprised  as
follows:
AUD10 million fixed rate notes issued 12 December
2005.
1995, 
12 
AUD110  million 
issued
12 December  1995,  maturing  12  December  2005.
AUD5 million  fixed rate notes  issued  17  December
2005.
12 
1996, 
AUD5  million 
issued
floating 
17 December 1996, maturing 12 December 2005.

December 
rate  notes 

December 
notes 

maturing 

maturing 

floating 

rate 

(20) Comprises 16 subordinated Notes and FRN issues.
The  face  value  amounts  are  less  than  $10  million
each and are all in Australian Dollars.  The maturity
ranges from October 2001 to October 2009.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

NOTE 28 Loan Capital continued
(cid:1) 

to  Dated  FRNs, 

the Bank does not declare a dividend  in respect of
its ordinary shares;
the  Bank,  if  required  by  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia  and  subject  to  the  agreement  of  the
APRA, exercises its option to redeem a note issue;
or
in  respect  of  Undated  FRNs  which  have  been
exchanged 
the  Dated  FRNs
mature.
Any  payment  made  by  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia  pursuant  to  its  guarantee  in  respect  of  the
relevant  notes  will  trigger  the  issue  of  shares  to  the
Commonwealth of Australia to the value of such payment.
The  relevant  events  of  default  differ  depending  on
the  relevant  Agreement.  In  summary,  they  cover  events
such  as  failure  of  the  Bank  to  meet  its  monetary
obligation in respect of the relevant notes; the insolvency
of the Bank; any  law  being  passed  to  dissolve  the  Bank
or the Bank ceasing to carry on general banking business
in Australia; and the Commonwealth of Australia ceasing
to  guarantee  the  relevant  notes.  In  relation  to  Dated
FRN’s  which  have  matured  to  date,  the  Bank  and  the
Commonwealth agreed to amend the relevant Agreement
to  reflect  that  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia  was  not
called upon to subscribe for fully paid ordinary shares up
to an amount equal to the principal value of the maturing
FRNs.
(4)

AUD  300  million  Extendible  Floating  Rate  Stock
issued December 1989:
due December 2004  :  AUD25 million
due December 2009  :  AUD275 million
The  Bank  has  entered  into  a  separate  agreement
with the Commonwealth of Australia relating to the above
issue (the ‘Agreement’) which qualifies the issue as Tier 2
capital. For capital adequacy purposes Tier 2 debt based
capital  is  reduced  each  year  by  20%  of  the  original
amount during the last 5 years to maturity.

The  Agreement  provides  for  the  Bank  to  issue
either fully paid ordinary shares to the Commonwealth of
Australia  or  (with  the  consent  of  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia)  rights  to  all  shareholders  to  subscribe  for  fully
paid  ordinary  shares  up  to  an  amount  equal  to  the
outstanding  principal  value  of  the  note  issue  plus  any
interest  paid  in  respect  of  the  notes  for  the  most  recent
financial  year  and  accrued  interest.  The  issue  price  will
be determined by reference to the prevailing market price
for the Bank’s shares.

Any one or more of the following events will trigger
the issue of shares to the Commonwealth of Australia or
a rights issue:
(cid:1) 

a relevant event of default occurs in respect  of  the
note issue and, where applicable, the Trustee of the
notes gives notice of such to the Bank; or
the  Bank,  if  required  by  the  Commonwealth  of
Australia  and  subject  to  the  agreement  of  the
APRA, exercises its option to redeem such issue.

(cid:1) 

104

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 29 Share Capital

Ordinary Share Capital
Opening balance
Buyback
Dividend reinvestment plan: 1999/2000 Final Dividend
Buyback for DRP: 2000/2001 Interim Dividend
Dividend Reinvestment Plan: 2000/2001 Interim Dividend
Sell down of remaining shares from DRP: 2000/2001 Interim Dividend
Employee Share Subscription Plan
Exercise of Executive Options
Issue costs
7 for 20 Issue to Colonial Shareholders
Closing balance

Shares on Issue
Opening balance
Buyback
Dividend reinvestment plan issues:
1999 Final Dividend fully paid ordinary shares at $24.75
2000 Interim Dividend fully paid ordinary shares at $24.42
2000 Final Dividend fully paid ordinary shares at $27.31
Buyback for 2001 Interim Dividend
2001Interim Dividend fully paid ordinary shares at $30.82
Sell down of remaining shares not issued in DRP
Exercise under Executive Option Plan
Employee Share Subscription Plan issues
Employee Share Acquisition Plan issues
7 for 20 Issue to Colonial Shareholders
Closing balance

2001
$M

12,521
(275)
169
(144)
144
4
3
37
(4)
                        -
12,455

Number
1,260,201,978
(25,927,367)

-
-
6,324,869
(4,652,665)
4,514,948
137,717
2,435,000
107,550
873,425
-
1,244,015,455

BANK
2000
$M

3,526
(553)
                  -
                  -
253
                  -
4
19
(2)
9,274
12,521

Number
915,968,625
(20,486,618)

5,545,990
4,931,782
-
-
-
-
1,609,000
170,550
1,053,199
351,409,450
1,260,201,978

Terms and Conditions of Ordinary Share Capital

Ordinary  shares  have  the  right  to  receive  dividends  as  declared  and,  in  the  event  of  winding  up  the  company,  to
participate in the proceeds from sale of surplus assets in proportion to the number of and amounts paid up on shares held.
Ordinary shares entitle their holder to one vote, either in person or by proxy, at a meeting of the company.

Preference Share Capital

Issued and Paid Up PERLS Capital
Opening balance
PERLS issued
Issue costs
Closing balance

PERLS in Issue
Opening balance
PERLS issued
Closing balance

2001
$M

-
700
(13)
687

Number
-
3,500,000
3,500,000

BANK
2000
$M

-
-
-
-

Number
-
-
-

Commonwealth Bank PERLS (‘PERLS’) are perpetual preference  shares that offer a quarterly, floating rate dividend.
The issue of PERLS formed part of the continuing capital management strategy of  the Bank  with proceeds  from  the  issue
being  used  to  buyback  ordinary  share  capital,  resulting  in  a  more  efficient  capital  structure.  PERLS  represent  a  less
expensive form of equity funding  than ordinary shares and  increase the diversity and  flexibility  of  the  Bank’s  capital  base.
The issue has also attracted new investors to the Bank. PERLS are listed and traded on the Australian Stock Exchange.

Terms and Conditions of Preferred Exchangeable Resettable Listed Shares (Commonwealth Bank PERLS)

A  holder  of  PERLS  on  the  relevant  record  date  is  entitled  to  receive  on  each  relevant  Dividend  Payment  Date,  if
determined by the Directors to be payable, a Dividend. Holders of Commonwealth Bank PERLS will rank ahead of holders of
ordinary shares in a winding up to the extent of the issue price of the Commonwealth Bank PERLS.

Holders of PERLS are entitled to vote at a general meeting of the issuer in limited circumstances.

105

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 29 Share Capital continued

Employee Share Plans

The Bank has in place the following employee share

plans:
(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Commonwealth  Bank  Employee  Share  Acquisition
Plan (ESAP);
Commonwealth  Bank  Equity  Participation  Plan
(EPP);
Commonwealth  Bank  Equity  Reward  Plan  (ERP);
and
Commonwealth  Bank  Non-Executive  Directors
Share Plan (NEDSP).

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

The ESAP provides employees of the Bank with up
to  $1,000  worth  of  free  shares  per  annum  subject  to
a performance target being met.  The performance target
is  growth  in  annual  profit  of  the  greater  of  5%  or
consumer  price  index  plus  2%.  Whenever  annual  profit
growth  exceeds  CPI  change,  the  Board  may  use  its
discretion in determining whether any grant of shares will
be made. Details of issues under this plan are:

Employee Share Acquisition Plan (ESAP)

The  ESAP  and  ERP  were  each  approved  by
shareholders  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  (AGM)  on
26 October 2000. Shareholders consent was not required
for either the EPP or NEDSP but details were included in
the  Explanatory  Memorandum  to  the  meeting  to  ensure
shareholders were fully informed.

Offer

Issue Date

Ordinary Shares
Issued(1)

Bonus Ordinary
Shares Issued(2)

No. of
Participants

Shares issued
to each
Participant

1996

1997

1999
2000

(1)

2 Jan 1997
18 Mar 1997
11 Dec 1997
3 Feb 1998
24 Sep 1999
13 Oct 2000
20 Dec 2000

27,755
13
3,025
-
-
-
-

2,275,910
1,066
1,637,273
232
1,053,199
872,620
805

27,755
13
28,281
4
24,493
24,932
23

83
83
58
58
43
35
35

Issue
Price(3)

$12.04
$12.04
$17.16
$17.16
$23.12
$27.78
$27.78

For  the  1996  and  1997  Offers,  new  employee
shareholders were granted one ordinary share with
the  remainder  of  shares  issued  as  Bonus  Ordinary
Shares.  For  subsequent  Offers  both  new  and
existing shareholders were granted Bonus Ordinary
Shares.

(2)

(3) 

For  the  1996  and  1997  Offers  the  bonus  shares
were  fully  paid  up  as  issued  shares  utilising  the
Share  Premium  Reserve.  With  the  removal  of  the
Share  Premium  Reserve  the  bonus  shares  are
issued from the Share Capital Account.
The Issue Price x Shares Issued to each Participant
effectively represents $1,000 of free shares.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

the  Bank’s  Total  Shareholder  Return  (broadly,
growth  in  share  price  plus  dividends  reinvested)
over  a  minimum  three  year  period,  must  equal  or
exceed  the  index  of  Total  Shareholder  Return
achieved  by  companies  represented  in  the  ASX’s
‘Banks and Finance Accumulation Index’, excluding
the Bank.
If the performance hurdle is not reached within that
three  years  the  options  may  nevertheless  be
exercisable  only  where  the  hurdle  is  subsequently
reached  within  5  years  from  the  Commencement
Date.
Shares acquired under the share component of the
ERP  are  purchased  on-market  at  the  current  market
price.

Equity Reward Plan (ERP)

The  ERP  is  in  two  parts,  comprising  grants  of
shares  and  grants  of  options.  The  option  component  of
the  ERP  is  similar  to  the  Executive  Option  Plan  (EOP)
which was previously approved by shareholders  with the
only difference being the maximum number of executives
to whom the Board envisages the Plan will apply (up from
50  to  100).  The  Board  also  envisages  that  up  to  500
employees will participate in the share component of  the
Plan  (including  the  up  to  100  executives  receiving
options).

The  exercise  of  options  and  the  vesting  of  the
employees  legal  title  to  the  shares  is  conditional  on  the
Bank  achieving  a  prescribed  performance  hurdle,  which
is:

106

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 29 Share Capital continued

Details of options issued and shares acquired under this plan are:

Options

Commencement
Date

Issue
Date

Options
Issued

Options
Outstanding

Participants

13 Sep 2000

7 Feb 2001

577,500

560,000

23

Exercise
Price

$26.97(1)

Exercise
Period(2)

14 Sep 2003 to
13 Sep 2010

(1)

(2)

Exercise price will be adjusted by the premium formula (based on the actual difference between the dividend and bond
yields at the date of the vesting).
Performance  hurdle  must  be  satisfied  between  14  September  2003  and  13  September  2005,  otherwise  options  will
lapse.

Shares

Purchase
Date

Shares
Purchased

Shares
Outstanding

Participants

Vesting
Period

Average
Purchase Price

20 Feb 2001

361,100

358,100

61

14 Sep 2003 to 13 Sep 2005

$29.72

17,500 options and 3,000 shares granted under the ERP have lapsed as at 30 June 2001.

Equity Participation Plan (EPP)

Non-Executive Directors Share Plan (NEDSP)

The EPP will facilitate the voluntary sacrifice of both
fixed  salary  and  annual  bonus  to  be  applied  in  the
acquisition  of  shares.  The  Plan  will  also  facilitate  the
mandatory  sacrifice  of  part  of  annual  performance
bonuses.  All  shares  acquired  by  employees  under  this
Plan  will  be  purchased  on-market  at  the  current  market
price.  The  first  purchase  of  shares  for  this  scheme  is
scheduled for October 2001.

through 

The  NEDSP  provides  for  the  acquisition  of  shares
by  Non-Executive  Directors 
the  mandatory
sacrifice of 20% of their annual fees (paid on a quarterly
basis).  Shares  purchased  are  restricted  for  sale  for
10 years  or  when 
the  Board,
the  Director 
whichever is earlier. Shares are purchased on-market  at
the current market price and details of shares purchased
under this Plan so far are:

leaves 

Quarter
Ending

31/12/2000
31/03/2001
30/06/2001

Total Fees
Sacrificed

$63,517
$65,917
$61,331

Participants

Shares
Purchased

Average
Purchase Price

11
11
10

1,989
2,359
1,820

$31.93
$27.94
$33.45

Note  -  Trading  restrictions  on  317  shares  acquired
on  behalf  of  Mr  Ken  Cowley  were  lifted  subsequent  to
Mr Cowley’s exit from the Board.

Shareholders  were  also  informed  at  the  AGM  on

26 October 2000 that two plans were to be discontinued:
(cid:1) 

Commonwealth Bank Employee Share Subscription
Plan (ESSP); and
Commonwealth Bank Executive Option Plan (EOP).

(cid:1) 

Employee Share Subscription Plan

The  Employee  Share  Subscription  Plan  provided
employees  of  the  Bank  with  the  opportunity  to  purchase
ordinary  shares  at  a  5%  discount  to  the  market  price  of
the shares at the time of purchase, subject to a one year
restriction on the disposal of the shares.

A total of 1,092,650 shares  were  issued  under  this
scheme  to  4,907  employees  in  offers  during  the  period
March 1997 to October 2000.

Executive Option Plan

Under  the  EOP,  the  Bank  granted  options  to
purchase  ordinary  shares  to  those  key  executives  who,
are  able  by  virtue  of  their  responsibility,  experience  and
skill to influence the generation of shareholder wealth,

were declared by the Board of Directors to be eligible to
participate in the Plan. Non-Executive Directors were not
eligible to participate in the Plan.

Options  cannot  be  exercised  before  each
respective  exercise  period  and  the  ability  to  exercise  is
conditional  on 
the  Bank  achieving  a  prescribed
performance  hurdle.  To  reach  the  performance  hurdle,
the Bank’s  Total  Shareholder  Return  (broadly,  growth  in
share  price  plus  dividends  reinvested)  over  a  minimum
three  year  period,  must  equal  or  exceed  the  index  of
Total  Shareholder  Return  achieved  by  companies
represented 
‘Banks  and  Finance
Accumulation Index’, excluding the Bank.

the  ASX’s 

in 

If the performance hurdle is not reached within that
3  years  (4  years  for  the  second  tranche  of  options
granted  to  the  Managing  Director  on  24  August  1999),
the options may nevertheless be exercisable only  where
the  hurdle  is  subsequently  reached  within  five  years
(six years  for  the  second  tranche  of  options  granted  to
the  Managing  Director  on  24  August  1999)  from  the
Commencement Date.

The  option  plan  did  not  grant  rights  to  the  option
holders to participate in a share  issue of any other body
corporate.

107

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 29 Share Capital continued

Details of issues made under this plan are:

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Commencement
Date

Issue
Date

Options
Issued

Options
Outstanding

Participants Exercise
Price(1)

Exercise
Period

12 Nov 1996
3 Nov 1997
25 Aug 1998
24 Aug 1999
13 Sep 2000

16 Dec 1996
11 Dec 1997
30 Sep 1998
24 Sep 1999
13 Oct 2000

2,100,000
2,875,000
3,275,000
3,855,000
2,002,500

50,000
125,000
2,975,000
3,700,000
1,952,500

25
27
32
38
50

$11.85
$15.53(2)
$19.58(3)
$23.84(3)
$26.97(3)

13 Nov 1999 to 12 Nov 2001
4 Nov 2000 to 3 Nov 2002
26 Aug 2001 to 25 Aug 2003
25 Aug 2002 to 24 Aug 2009
14 Sep 2003 to 13 Sep 2010

(1)

(2)

(3)

Market  Value  at  the  Commencement  Date.  Market  Value  is  defined  as  the  weighted  average  of  the  prices  at  which
shares were traded on the ASX during the one week period before the Commencement Date.
Premium adjustment (based on the actual difference between the dividend and bond yields at the date of vesting) was
nil.
Exercise price will be adjusted by the premium formula (based on the actual difference between the dividend and bond
yields at the date of the vesting).

1,235,000 options, from all grants to date, have been forfeited as at 30  June 2001. 1,680,000 options from the 1996

grant, and 2,390,000 options from the 1997 grant, have been exercised as at 30 June 2001.

Details of shares issued during the period 1 July 2000 to 22 August 2001 as a result of options being exercised are:

Option
Issue Date

16 Dec 1996

11 Dec 1997

Shares
Issued

145,000

2,290,000

Price paid per
Share

Total Consideration
Paid

$11.85

$15.53

$1,718,250

$35,563,700

Share Buyback

During the financial year ending 30 June 2001, the
Bank’s shareholders equity  was reduced by $723 million
pursuant to the buyback of 25.9 million shares.

In  March  2001  the  Bank  made  an  off  market
buyback of $700 million of ordinary shares. The price per
share  paid  by  the  Bank  for  the  buyback  shares  was
$27.84  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  buyback  offer.
In  accordance  with  an  agreement  reached  with  the
the
Australian  Taxation  Office  $10  per  share  of 
consideration  for  each  share  bought  back  has  been
charged to paid up capital ($251 million). The balance of

NOTE 30 Outside Equity Interests

Controlled Entities:
Share Capital
Reserves
Retained profits
Life Insurance Statutory funds
Total Outside Equity Interests

$17.84 per share is deemed to be a fully franked dividend
and  charged  to  retained  profits  ($449  million).  This
buyback  coincided  with  the  new  issue  of  preference
shares as detailed previously.  The  balance  of  the  equity
reduction occurred by way of an on market buyback.

The  Bank’s  shareholders’  equity  was  reduced  by
$553  million  on  8  November  1999  pursuant  to  the
buyback of 20.5 million shares. The price per share paid
the  buyback  shares  was  $27.00
by 
calculated in accordance with the buyback offer.

the  Bank 

for 

2001
$M

6
                -
(9)
1,458
1,455

GROUP
2000
$M

355
11
9
588
963

In August 2000 the Group purchased the remaining 25% of ASB Group.

108

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 31 Capital Adequacy

Entities  within  the  Group  are  subject  to  regulation

by a variety of regulators.

The Bank  is subject to regulation by  the  Australian
Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) and is required to
maintain  certain  minimum  ratios  of  capital  to  assets.
These  ratios  are  applied  to  the  Bank  as  a  stand-alone
entity  and  on  a  consolidated  basis  to  the  Group.  The
minimum ratios are 4% for  Tier 1 capital and 8% for  the
Capital Base.

Under APRA Prudential Standards, capital falls into
two categories, known as Tier 1 and Tier 2. Tier 1 capital
consists  of  shareholders 
funds  and  certain  capital
instruments  that  meet  the  standards  set  by  APRA.  The
aggregate amount of capital instruments may not exceed
25%  of  shareholders  funds.  Intangible  assets  and  future
income  tax  benefits  are  deducted  to  arrive  at  Tier  1
capital.  When  calculated  on  a  consolidated  basis,
goodwill  and  part  of  the  Group’s  investment  in  its  life
insurance  and  funds  management  businesses  are  also
deducted to arrive at Tier 1 capital.

Tier 2 capital is divided into Upper Tier 2 (consisting
of  revaluation  reserves,  general  provisions  for  doubtful
debts,  cumulative  irredeemable  preference  shares  and
other hybrid capital instruments approved by APRA), and
Lower  Tier 2 (consisting of mandatory  convertible  notes,
redeemable
life 
term  subordinated  debt, 
preference  shares  and  other  capital 
instruments
approved by APRA). Tier 2 capital may not exceed Tier 1
capital and Lower  Tier 2 capital may not exceed 50% of
Tier 1 capital.

limited 

Investments 

The  sum  of  Tier  1  and  Tier  2  capital  forms  Total
Capital. 
in  other  banks  and  similar
institutions  are  deducted  from  Total  Capital  to  arrive  at
the  Capital  Base.  When  calculated  on  a  consolidated
basis, part of the Group’s investment in its  life  insurance
and funds management businesses is deducted to arrive
at the Capital Base.

in 

holding 

companies 

intermediate 

The  Group’s  investment  in  its  life  insurance  and
funds  management  businesses  is  carried  at  the  values
disclosed in Note 34. Part of the investment is funded by
on
debt 
a non-recourse  basis  (i.e.  obligations  to  pay  interest  or
repay principal are not guaranteed by the Bank). The part
of  the  investment  represented  by  shareholders’  net
tangible  assets  and  the  value  of  in  force  business
acquired on the merger  with Colonial in 2000, net of  the
non-recourse  debt,  is  deducted  from  Total  Capital.  The
part  of  the  investment  represented  by  self-generated
value  of  business  in  force  and  the  value  of  future  new
business is deducted from Tier 1 capital.

to  recognise 

the  credit  risk  attached 

For  the  purposes  of  calculating  the  ratios,  risk
weights  are  applied  to  balance  sheet  assets.  These  are
intended 
to
categories  of  assets.  There  are  four  risk  weights  (0,  20,
50  or  100  per  cent).  Off  balance  sheet  exposures  are
converted  to  on  balance  sheet  credit  equivalents  using
credit  conversion  factors  relating  to  the  nature  of  the
exposure, then weighted in the same manner as balance
sheet assets.

109

In addition to the capital requirements for credit risk,
the Bank is also required to hold sufficient capital to cover
market risk  in  its  trading activities.  Market risk is  defined
as  the  risk  of  losses  in  both  on  and  off  balance  sheet
positions arising from movements in market price. APRA
require  the  measure  of  market  risk  to  be  multiplied  by
12.5  (i.e.  the  reciprocal  of  the  minimum  capital  ratio  of
8 per  cent)  to  determine  a  notional  risk  weighted  asset
figure.

APRA 

capital
requirements to Commonwealth Bank of Australia Limited
and CBFC Limited.

regulatory 

applies 

similar 

ASB  Bank  Limited  is  subject  to  regulation  by  the
Reserve  Bank  of  New  Zealand  (RBNZ).  RBNZ  applies
similar  methodology  in  calculating  the  regulatory  capital
requirement.  Although there  are  minor  differences  in  the
regulations  applied  by  APRA  and  RBNZ,  these  are  not
material.

Banks  may  not  pay  dividends  if  immediately  after
payment,  they  are  unable  to  meet  the  minimum  capital
requirements.  APRA  does  not  normally  permit  banks  to
pay dividends in excess of current year earnings.

for 

for 

framework 
life 

The  Group’s  life  insurance  businesses  in  Australia
are also regulated by APRA. The Life  Insurance Act has
established  a 
the  regulatory  capital
insurance  companies.  These
requirements 
requirements are based on tests aimed at ensuring each
statutory  fund  in  each  life  insurance  company  has
sufficient assets to meet policy and other liabilities under
a range of adverse circumstances. There are two tiers to
the  regulatory  capital  requirements  –  ‘solvency’  and
‘capital  adequacy’.  The  solvency  test  is  made  assuming
each fund is closed to new business. Failure to meet the
solvency  test  may  result  in  the  appointment  of  a  judicial
manager  by  APRA.  The  capital  adequacy  test  assumes
each  fund  remains  open  to  new  business  and  the
reasonable expectations of policyholders are met. Failure
to  meet  the  capital  adequacy  test  means  capital  or
retained profits may not be transferred from the statutory
funds  and  may  result  in  closer  regulatory  monitoring  by
APRA.  The  capital  adequacy  test  is  always  equal  to  or
greater  than  the  solvency  test.  At  30  June  2001,  all
statutory funds of the Group’s life insurance companies in
Australia met  the capital adequacy  test.  In  aggregate,  at
30  June  2001, 
the  excess  over  capital  adequacy
amounted to $338 million.

There are no regulatory capital requirements for life
insurance  companies  in  New  Zealand.  However  the
Group determines capital requirements on a basis similar
to the requirements in Australia.

The  life  insurance  business  in  Hong  Kong  is
regulated by  the  Insurance Authority of Hong  Kong.  The
minimum  regulatory  requirement  comprises  a  solvency
test defined in local regulations and ordinances.

Funds  managers 

in  Australia  are  subject 

to
regulation  by  The  Australian  Securities  and  Investment
Commission  (ASIC)  through  their  role  in  supervising
Responsible  Entities.  The  minimum  regulatory  capital
requirements vary for Responsible Entities depending on
the 
licence  held  but  a  minimum
requirement  of  $5  million  of  net  tangible  assets  usually
applies.

type  of  dealer 

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 31 Capital Adequacy continued

Risk Weighted Capital Ratios

Tier one
Tier two
Less deductions
Total

Tier One Capital
Shareholders’ Equity (excluding asset revaluation reserve)
Eligible Loan Capital
Total Shareholders’ Equity and Loan Capital
Less Goodwill
Less Preference shares
Less Intangible component of investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries
Less Outside equity interest in entities controlled by non-consolidated subsidiaries
Total Tier One Capital

Tier Two Capital
Asset revaluation reserve
General provision for bad and doubtful debts (1)
FITB related to general provision
Note and bond issues (2)
Preference shares
Total Tier Two Capital
Tier One and Tier Two Capital
Less Investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries (net of intangible component
deducted from Tier 1)
Less Other deductions
Capital Base

2001
Actual
%

6.51
4.18
(1.53)
9.16

2001
$M

19,843
462
20,305
(5,716)
                  -
(4,116)
(1,458)
9,015

5
1,390
(436)
4,825
                  -
5,784
14,799

(2,005)
(114)
12,680

GROUP
2000
Actual
%

7.49
4.75
(2.49)
9.75

GROUP
2000
$M

18,435
418
18,853
(5,905)
(86)
(2,656)
(588)
9,618

                 -
1,358
(420)
5,120
39
6,097
15,715

(2,528)
(669)
12,518

(1)

(2)

Excludes general provision for bad and doubtful debts relating to investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries.
Includes both upper and lower Tier 2 capital.

For an analysis of the movements in the capital ratios see page 34.

110

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 31 Capital Adequacy continued

Risk-weighted assets

On balance sheet assets
Cash, claims on Reserve Bank, short term claims on
Australian Commonwealth and State Government and
Territories, and other zero-weighted assets
Claims on OECD banks and local governments
Advances secured by residential property (1)
All other assets (2) (3)
Total on balance sheet assets - credit risk

Off-balance sheet exposures
Direct credit substitutes
Trade and performance related items
Commitments
Foreign exchange, interest rate and other
market related transactions
Total off balance sheet exposures - credit risk
Total risk weighted assets - credit risk
Risk weighted assets - market risk
Total risk weighted assets

(1)

loans  secured  by 

For 
residential  mortgages
approved after 5 September  1994,  a  risk  weight  of
100  per  cent  applied  where  the  loan  to  valuation
ratio  is  in  excess  of  80  per  cent.  Effective  from
28 August 1998, a risk weight of 50 per cent applies
to  these  loans  if  they  are  totally  insured  by  an
acceptable  lender’s  mortgage  insurer.  Loans  that
are risk weighted at 100 per cent are reported under
‘All Other Assets’.

Face Value

2001
$M

2000
$M

Risk
Weights

%

Risk Weighted
Balance
2000
$M

2001
$M

16,604
10,927
77,909
77,028
182,468

16,157
9,714
75,656
71,914
173,441

20%
50%
100%

0%              -
2,185
38,954
77,028
118,167

              -
1,943
37,828
71,914
111,685

Face value

2001
$M

2000
$M

Credit
Equivalent
2000
$M

2001
$M

Risk-weighted
Balance
2000
$M

2001
$M

5,183
1,496
44,030

3,540
1,795
42,442

407,014
457,723

381,438
429,215

4,446
670
17,121

11,407
33,644

3,540
828
14,671

9,358
28,397

3,687
660
11,467

3,758
19,572
137,739
644
138,383

2,825
819
9,634

2,785
16,063
127,748
736
128,484

(2)

(3)

The  difference  between  total  on  balance  sheet
assets  and  the  Group’s  balance  sheet  reflects  the
alternative treatment of some assets and provisions
as  prescribed 
in  APRA’s  capital  adequacy
guidelines;  principally  goodwill,  general  provisions
for  bad  and  doubtful  debts,  and  investments  in  life
insurance and funds management businesses.
Total  on-balance  sheet  assets  exclude  debt  and
equity  securities 
trading  book  and  all
the 
on-balance  sheet  positions  in  commodities  as  they
are  included  in  the  calculation  of  notional  market
risk weighted assets.

in 

111

Notes to the financial statements

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

NOTE 32 Maturity Analysis of Monetary Assets and Liabilities

The  maturity  distribution  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  is  based  on  contractual  terms.  The  majority  of  the  longer
term  monetary  assets  are  variable  rate  products,  with  actual  maturities  shorter  than  the  contractual  terms.  Therefore  this
information is not relied on by the Bank in the management of its interest rate risk.

GROUP
Maturity Period At 30 June 2001

3 to 12
At Call Overdrafts months months
$M

0 to 3

$M

$M

$M

1 to 5
years
$M

Over

Not
5 years specified
$M

$M

Total
$M

Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other financial
institutions
Trading securities (1)
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables (2)
Bank acceptances of customers
Life Assets
Other Monetary assets
Total Monetary assets

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings (3)
Payables due to other financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Life Liabilities
Debt issues and loan capital
Other monetary liabilities
Total monetary liabilities

1,193

848
-
-
1,408
-
4,694
32
8,175

62,416
358
-
-
-
81
62,855

(1)

(2)

Trading  securities  are  purchased  without 
the
intention to hold until maturity and are categorised
as maturing within 3 months.
$65 billion of this figure represents owner occupied
housing  loans.  While  most  of  these  loans  would
have  a  contractual  term  of  20  years  or  more,  and
are analysed accordingly,  the  actual  average  term
of  the  portfolio  has  historically  been  less  than
5 years.

-

2,516

-

-

-

-

3,709

2
-
-
4,089
-
-
-
4,091

-
215
-
-
-
-
215

2,636
6,909
1,062
12,934
10,868
582
11,106
48,613

29,588
4,095
10,868
-
11,349
13,077
68,977

587
-
1,861
12,787
1,207
1,832
75
18,349

16,539
2,235
1,207
-
5,271
208
25,460

477
-
4,017
42,963
-
3,327
9
50,793

7,114
-
-
-
7,862
51
15,027

-
-
2,764
63,277
-
2,767
-
68,808

72
-
1

4,622
6,909
9,705
(1,399) 136,059
12,075
31,213
11,478
16,941 215,770

-
18,011
256

1,693
-
-
-
5,095
1
6,789

5 117,355
6,903
-
12,075
-
27,029
27,029
30,188
611
13,661
243
27,888 207,211

(3)

Includes  substantial 
‘core’  deposits  which  are
contractually  at  call  customer  savings  and  cheque
accounts.  History  demonstrates  such  accounts
provide a stable source of long term funding for the
Bank.  Also  refer  to  Interest  Rate  Risk  Sensitivity
table in Note 39.

During the financial year, significant growth in variable rate, long-term loans occurred. This has been funded principally

by at call variable rate retail deposits.

112

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 32 Maturity Analysis of Monetary Assets and Liabilities continued

3 to 12
At Call Overdrafts months Months
$M

0 to 3

$M

$M

$M

GROUP
Maturity Period At 30 June 2000

1 to 5
Not
Over
years 5 years specified
$M
$M

$M

Total
$M

Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other financial
institutions
Trading securities (1)
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables (2)
Bank acceptances of customers
Life Assets (4)
Other Monetary assets
Total Monetary assets

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings (3)
Payables due to other financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Life Liabilities
Debt issues and loan capital
Other monetary liabilities
Total monetary liabilities

1,041               -

1,534              -

-

           -

           -

2,575

2,200
          -
          -
510
          -

16
              -
              -
4,719
              -
2,037               -
1,024               -
4,735
6,812

204
2,699
7,347              -
1,787
1,757
18,315
8,351
1,554
9,553
4,924
25
133
8,854
26,917
40,120

864
          -
          -
          -

55,494               -
126
              -
              -
              -
201               -
126

56,559

27,577
3,050
10,030
           -
11,647
11,565
63,869

19,744
592
1,077
             -
4,142
317
25,872

-
-
3,027
49,826
-
2,996
13
55,862

7,408
-
-
-
8,855
137
16,400

           -
           -
2,575
51,853
           -
3,048
15
57,491

35
           -
3
(1,311)
           -
14,006
244
12,977

           -
           -
314
5,371

2,371            -
1
           -
24,968
559
30            -
25,528

8,086

5,154
7,347
9,149
132,263
11,107
27,036
10,283
204,914

112,594
4,633
11,107
25,282
30,574
12,250
196,440

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Trading  securities  are  purchased  without  the  intention  to  hold  until  maturity  and  are  categorised  as  maturing  within
three months.
$49 billion of this figure represents owner occupied housing loans. While most of these loans would have a contractual
term of 20 years or more, and are analysed accordingly, the actual average term of the portfolio has historically been
less than 5 years.
Includes  substantial  ‘core’  deposits  which  are  contractually  at  call  customer  savings  and  cheque  accounts.  History
demonstrates such accounts provide a stable source of long term funding for the Bank. Also refer to Interest Rate Risk
Sensitivity table in Note 39.
Prior  year  figures  have  been  adjusted  to  align  with  categories  as  at  30  June  2001  following  the  amalgamation  of
Colonial operations and product systems.

113

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 33 Financial Reporting by Segments

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Year Ended 30 June 2001

Primary Segment
Business Segments
Profit and Loss

Interest income
Premium and related revenue
Other income
Appraisal value uplift
Total Revenue

Interest Expense

Profit before tax, appraisal value uplift, goodwill amortisation
Income tax expense
Profit after tax and before goodwill amortisation
and appraisal value uplift
Outside equity interest
Profit after tax and outside equity interest before goodwill
amortisation and appraisal value uplift
Goodwill amortisation
Appraisal value uplift
Profit after tax

Non-Cash Expenses
Goodwill amortisation
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Depreciation
Other

Balance Sheet

Banking
$M

11,900
                      -
2,485

14,385

7,426

2,512
(705)

1,807
(14)

1,793

1,793

(385)
(108)
(28)

Life

Funds
Insurance Management
$M

$M

-
958
1,698

2,656

-

514
(194)

320
-

320

320

-
(37)
(5)

-
-
701

701

-

243
(94)

149
-

149

149

-
(5)
(4)

GROUP
Total
$M

11,900
958
4,884
474
18,216

7,426

3,269
(993)

2,276
(14)

2,262
(338)
474
2,398

(338)
(385)
(150)
(37)

Total Balance Sheet Assets
Acquisition of Property, Plant & Equipment and Intangibles
Associate Investments
Total Balance Sheet Liabilities

191,333
129
249
179,733

37,278
-
128
30,329

1,800
3
23
501

230,411

391 (1)
400
210,563

(1)

Includes intangible assets of $259 million on acquisition of 25% interest in ASB Group.

114

GROUP
Total
$M

8,842
337
3,196
1,165
13,540

5,123

2,536
(800)

1,736
(38)

1,698
(57)
(106)
1,165 (1)
2,700

(57)
(196)
(106)
(117)
(44)

218,259

8,137 (2)
403
199,824

-
-
143

143

-

50
(14)

36
-

36

36

-

-
(1)

509
-
32
195

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 33 Financial Reporting by Segments continued

Year Ended 30 June 2000

Life

Funds
Insurance Management
$M

$M

Profit and Loss

Interest income
Premium and related revenue
Other income
Appraisal value uplift
Total Revenue

Interest Expense

Profit before tax, appraisal value uplift, goodwill amortisation
Income tax expense
Profit after income tax and before goodwill
amortisation and appraisal value uplift
Outside equity interest
Profit after tax and outside equity interest before goodwill
amortisation and appraisal value uplift
Goodwill amortisation
Restructuring provision
Appraisal value uplift
Profit after tax

Non-Cash Expenses
Goodwill amortisation
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Restructuring provision
Depreciation
Other

Balance Sheet

Banking
$M

8,842
                     -
1,987

10,829

5,123

2,310
(739)

1,571
(38)

1,533

-
337
1,066

1,403

-

176
(47)

129
-

129

1,533

129

(196)

(115)
(41)

-

(2)
(2)

Total Balance Sheet Assets
Acquisition of Property, Plant & Equipment and Intangibles
Associate Investments
Total Balance Sheet Liabilities

185,108
94
263
171,489

32,642
-
108
28,140

(1)

(2)

$1,073 million of this amount was reported as abnormal income in this year.
Includes intangible assets of $8,043 million on acquisition of Colonial Group.

115

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 33 Financial Reporting by Segments continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Year Ended 30 June 1999

Profit and Loss

Interest income
Premium and related revenue
Other income
Total Revenue

Interest Expense

Profit before tax, appraisal value uplift, goodwill amortisation
Income tax expense
Profit after tax and before goodwill
Profit after income tax and before goodwill
Outside equity interest
Profit after tax and outside equity interest before goodwill
amortisation and appraisal value uplift
Goodwill amortisation
Profit after tax

Non Cash Expenses
Goodwill amortisation
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Depreciation
Other

Balance Sheet

Banking
$M

7,745
                     -
2,438
10,183

4,218

2,075
(709)

1,366
(24)

1,342

1,342

(247)
(145)
(39)

Life

Funds
Insurance Management
$M

$M

-
236
590
826

-

99
4

103
-

103

103

-
-
(2)

-
-
97
97

-

33
(9)

24
-

24

24

-
-
(1)

GROUP
Total
$M

7,745
236
3,125
11,106

4,218

2,207
(714)

1,493
(24)

1,469
(47)
1,422

(47)
(247)
(145)
(42)

Total Balance Sheet Assets
Acquisition of Property, Plant & Equipment and Intangibles
Associate Investments
Total Balance Sheet Liabilities

136,787
81
258
130,195

1,157
-
-
841

152
-
23
97

138,096
81
281
131,134

Secondary Segment
Geographical Segment

GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS
Revenue
Australia
New Zealand
Other Countries *

Operating profit after tax and outside equity interests
Australia
New Zealand
Other Countries *

Assets
Australia
New Zealand
Other Countries *

2001
$M

2000
$M

%

1999
$M

%

%

15,150
1,499
1,567
18,216

2,228
159
11
2,398

83.2
8.2
8.6
100.0

92.9
6.6
0.5
100.0

11,614
1,171
755
13,540

2,536
105
59
2,700

85.8
8.6
5.6
100.0

93.9
3.9
2.2
100.0

9,470
976
660
11,106

1,270
80
72
1,422

196,918
20,208
13,285
230,411

85.5 187,452
16,661
14,146
100.0 218,259

8.8
5.7

85.9 115,510
13,046
9,540
100.0 138,096

7.6
6.5

Acquisition of Property, Plant & Equipment and
Intangibles
Australia
New Zealand
Other Countries *

360
29
2
391

7,906 (1)
231 (1)

92.1
7.4
0.5              -
8,137

100.0

97.2

81
2.8             -
            -
81

          -
100.0

*

(1)

Other Countries are:
United  Kingdom,  United  States  of  America,  Japan,  Singapore,  Hong  Kong,  Grand  Cayman,  the  Philippines,  Fiji,
Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, China and Vietnam.

The geographical segments represent the location in which the transaction was booked.

Includes intangible assets of $8,043 million on acquisition of Colonial Group.

116

85.3
8.8
5.9
100.0

89.3
5.6
5.1
100.0

83.6
9.5
6.9
100.0

100.0
          -
          -
100.0

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 34 Life Insurance Business

The following information, in accordance with AASB 1038, is provided to disclose life insurance business transactions
contained  in  the  Group  financial  statements  and  the  underlying  methods  and  assumptions  used  in  their  calculation.  Also
refer Notes 1 (jj) and 20.

Summarised Profit and Loss Statement

Premium and related revenue
Outward reinsurance premiums expense
Claims expense
Reinsurance recoveries
Investment revenue (excluding investments in subsidiaries)
   Equity securities
   Debt securities
   Property
   Other
Life insurance policy liabilities expense
Margin on services operating income
Change in excess of net market values over net assets
of life insurance controlled entities
Life Insurance operating income

Administration expense
Operating profit before income tax

Income tax attributable to operating profit
Operating profit after income tax

Outside equity interest in operating profit after income tax
Operating profit after outside equity interest and income tax

Sources of life insurance operating profit

The Margin on Services operating profit after income tax is represented by:

Emergence of planned profit margins
Difference between actual and planned experience
Movement in excess of net market value over net assets of controlled entities
Reversal of previously recognised losses or loss recognition on groups of
related products
Investment earnings on assets in excess of policyholder liabilities
Other
Operating profit after income tax

Life insurance premiums received and receivable
Life insurance claims paid and payable

2001
$M

1,122
(164)
(621)
141

552
902
277
(33)
(908)
1,268

474
1,742

(754)
988

(194)
794

-
794

257
(63)
474

(2)
126
2
794

6,510
5,671

GROUP
2000
$M

459
(122)
(310)
89

592
442
32
-
(856)
326

92
418

(150)
268

(47)
221

(2)
219

121
(8)
92

1
13
2
221

2,927
2,279

An analysis of this financial result is contained in the Life Insurance – Business Analysis section of this report.

117

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 34Life Insurance Business continued

Carrying Values of Life Insurance and Funds Management Business

The  following  table  sets  out  the  components  of  the  carrying  values  of  the  Group’s  life  insurance  and  funds
management businesses, together  with  the key actuarial assumptions that have been used by  the independent  actuaries.
These are Directors’ valuations based on appraisal values determined by independent actuaries Trowbridge Consulting.

Analysis of Movement since 30 June 2000

Australia
$M

Life Insurance
New Zealand
$M

Funds
Asia Management
$M

$M

Profits (1)
Opening Fair Value Adjustments (2)
Net Capital Movements
Transfers / Acquisitions of Business (3)
Change in Shareholders NTA
Synergies Credited to Goodwill (4)
Transfers / Acquisitions of Business
Net Appraisal Value Uplift
Increase to 30 June 2001

30 June 2000 balance (5)
Opening fair value adjustment (2)
Profits
Less profit on strategic holding (4)
Net capital movements
Transfers/acquisitions of business (3)
30 June 2001 balance

30 June 2000 balance (5)
Synergies credited to goodwill (4)
Transfers/acquisitions of business (4)
Uplift
30 June 2001 balance

30 June 2000 balance (5)
Synergies credited to goodwill (4)
Transfers/acquisitions of business (4)
Uplift
30 June 2001 balance

Shareholders' net tangible assets
Value in force business
Embedded value
Value future new business
Carrying Value

Total
$M

423
(30)
26
34
453
332
8
474
1,267

273
-
(269)
-
4
332
(183)
(33)
120

19
-
39
-
58
-
-
(26)
32

(18)
(30)
179
-
131
-
-
(63)
68

149
-
77
34
260
-
191
596
1,047

SHAREHOLDERS’ NET TANGIBLE ASSETS

Australia
1,639
-
319
(46)
(269)
-
1,643

Life Insurance
New Zealand
178
-
19
-
39
-
236

Asia
588
(30)
(18)
-
179
-
719

VALUE IN FORCE BUSINESS

Australia
686
-
-
20
706

Life Insurance
New Zealand
186
-
-
(51)
135

Asia
101
-
-
n/a
101

VALUE FUTURE NEW BUSINESS

Australia
690
332
(183)
(53)
786

Life Insurance
New Zealand
240
-
-
25
265

Asia
186
-
-
(63)
123

Funds

Total

9
-
149
-
77
34
269

2,414
(30)
469
(46)
26
34
2,867

Funds

Total

624
-
2
(8)
618

1,597
-
2
(39)
1,560

Funds

Total

1,609
-
189
604
2,402

2,725
332
6
513
3,576

CARRYING VALUE AT 30 JUNE 2001

Australia
1,643
706
2,349
786
3,135

Life Insurance
New Zealand
236
135
371
265
636

Asia
719
101
820
123
943

Funds

Total

269
618
887
2,402
3,289

2,867
1,560
4,427
3,576
8,003

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Total Australian  life  insurance profit  is $320  million,  comprising  $274  million  in  the  life  insurance  corporate  structure
and $46 million relating to certain strategic investments transferred from the Bank to the life insurance operations.
Fair value adjustments totalling $30 million have been made to the opening value of the Asian operations representing
changed assumptions on tax and investment earnings in the opening valuation.
Represents the net  tangible assets of a number of funds management entities not held  in a  life  insurance corporate
structure ($34 million).
This  item  includes  a  transfer  of  business  from  the  Life  insurance  business  to  the  Funds  Management  business
($183 million)  and  goodwill  arising  on  acquisition  of  new  businesses  during  the  year  ($8  million).  Cost  and  revenue
synergies arising from the Colonial Integration were achieved during the year with a value of $332 million. The value of
these synergies is credited against goodwill.
Balances at 30 June 2000 include some minor adjustments principally related to the re-allocation of value between in
force business and future new business. Such adjustments have no effect on the Appraisal Value Uplift for the year.

118

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 34 Life Insurance Business continued

The  following  table  reconciles  the  carrying  values  of  the  life  and  funds  management  businesses  to  the  value  of

investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries as shown in the capital adequacy calculation.

Reconciliation of the components of the carrying value to the value of investments in non-consolidated
subsidiaries

Intangible component of investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries deducted from
Tier 1 capital comprises:
Value future new business
Value of self-generated in force business (2)
Adjustments (1)

Investment in non-consolidated subsidiaries deducted from Total Capital comprises:
Shareholders’ NTA in life and funds management businesses
Shareholders’ NTA in other non-consolidated subsidiaries
Debt recognised as capital per APRA regulations
Value of in force business (2)
Value of acquired in force business (2)
Less non-recourse debt
Other (1)

30 June 2001
$M

30 June 2000(1)
$M

3,576
540
-
4,116

2,867
41
96
-
1,020
(2,019)
-
2,005

2,725
-
(69)
2,656

2,414
78
140
1,597
-
(1,698)
(3)
2,528

(1)

(2)

Balances at 30 June 2000 include some minor adjustments principally related to the re-allocation of value between in
force business and future new business.
Refer Note 31 of the  financial statements  for an explanation of  the change in  treatment  between  30  June  2000  and
30 June 2001 relating to the value of self-generated business in force.

Key Assumptions Used in Appraisal Values

The  following  Key  Assumptions  have  been  used  by  Trowbridge  in  determining  the  appraisal  values.  Other  actuarial

assumptions used in the valuation are described in the section Actuarial Methods and Assumptions.

30 June 2001

Life insurance entities

Australia

New Zealand

Asia
- Hong Kong

- Other

Funds management entities

Australia

As at 30 June 2000

Life insurance entities

Australia

New Zealand

Asia
- Hong Kong

- Other

Funds management entities

Australia

New
Business
Multiplier(1)

Risk
Discount
Rate
%

Value of
Franking
Credits
%

9

9

9

Various

n.a.

New
Business
Multiplier

10

8

9

various

11.5

12.0

HKD13.5 (2)
USD12.5
Various

12.5

Risk
Discount
Rate
%

12

13

HKD15 (2)

USD12.5
various

n.a.

13

70

-

-

-

70

Value of
Franking
Credits
%

70

-

-

-

70

(1)

(2)

Changes in multipliers reflect changes in risk discount rates, changes to business mix and changes to views on future
new business growth.
These are the risk discount rates for Hong Kong dollar business and US dollar business.

119

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 34 Life Insurance Business continued

Policy Liabilities

Appropriately  qualified  actuaries  have  been
appointed in respect of each life insurance business and
they  have  reviewed  and  satisfied  themselves  as  to  the
accuracy  of  the  policy  liabilities  included  in  this  financial

report,  including  compliance  with  the  regulations  of  the
Life  Insurance  Act  1995  where  appropriate.  Details  are
set  out  in  the  various  statutory  returns  of  these  life
insurance businesses.

Components of policy liabilities:

Future policy benefits (1)
Future bonuses
Future expenses
Future profit margins
Future charges for acquisition expenses
Balance of future premiums
Provisions for bonuses not allocated to participating policyholders
Total policy liabilities

(1)

Including bonuses credited to policyholders in prior years.

2001
$M

29,727
1,583
2,209
1,224
(648)
(7,112)
46
27,029

2000
$M

28,983
1,751
1,648
1,170
(616)
(7,701)
47
25,282

Taxation

Actuarial Methods and Assumptions

Taxation has been allowed for in the determination
of  policy  liabilities  in  accordance  with  the  relevant
legislation applicable in each territory.

On 1 July 2000 a new tax regime for life  insurance
companies commenced in Australia. The primary effect of
this regime is to  tax profits  that  had  previously  not  been
subject  to  taxation.  Allowance  has  been  made  in  the
appraisal values and policy liabilities of the life insurance
businesses for the impact of the new tax requirements.

Policy liabilities have been calculated in accordance
with  the  Margin  on  Services  (MoS)  methodology  as  set
out  in  Actuarial  Standard  1.02  –  Valuation  Standard
Insurance  Actuarial
(‘AS1.02’) 
Standards Board (‘LIASB’). There has been no change in
the  principal  methods  and  profit  carriers  used 
for
particular product groups which are as follows:

issued  by 

the  Life 

Product Type

Individual
Conventional
Investment account
Investment linked

Lump sum risk
Income stream risk
Immediate annuities
Group
Investment account
Investment linked
Lump sum risk

Income stream risk

Method

Profit Carrier

Projection
Projection
Projection
Accumulation
Projection
Projection
Projection

Projection
Projection
Projection
Accumulation
Projection

Bonuses / dividends or expected claim payments
Bonuses or asset charges
Asset charge
Not applicable
Premiums/claims
Expected claim payments
Bonuses or annuity payment

Bonuses or asset charges
Asset charge
Claims
Premiums (implied)
Expected claim payments

120

Actuarial Assumptions

Set  out  below  is  a  summary  of  the  material
assumptions  used  in  the  calculation  of  policy  liabilities.
These assumptions are also used in the determination of
appraisal values.

Discount Rates

These  are  the  rates  used  to  discount  further  cash
flows  to  determine  their  net  present  value  in  the  policy
liabilities.  The  discount  rates  are  determined  with
reference to the expected earnings rate of the assets that
support  the  policy  liabilities  adjusted  for  taxation  where
relevant.  The  following  table  shows  the  applicable  rates
for  the  major  classes  of  business  in  Australia  and  New
Zealand.  The  changes  relate  to  changes  in  long  term
earnings rates, asset mix and reflect the new tax regime
for Australian business.

Discount Rates

June 2001
Rate Range %
6.38-6.72
7.80-8.23
6.51-7.97
4.20-4.55
4.20-4.55
4.20-4.55
5.86-6.36
7.34-7.92
8.34-9.12
4.51
5.49

June 2000
Rate Range %
6.11
7.88
6.40-8.25
3.20-5.28
4.50-5.28
6.15
5.70-5.82
7.00-7.80
8.35-8.63
4.44
5.72

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 34 Life Insurance Business continued

The  ‘Projection  Method’  measures  the  present
values  of  estimated  future  policy  cash  flows  to  calculate
policy 
incorporate
investment  income,  premiums,  expenses,  redemptions
and benefit payments.

liabilities.  The  policy  cash 

flows 

The 

‘Accumulation  Method’  measures 

the
accumulation  of  amounts  invested  by  policyholders  plus
investment  earnings  less  fees  specified  in  the  policy  to
calculate  policy  liabilities.  Deferred  acquisition  costs  are
offset against this liability.
Bonuses are amounts added, at the discretion of the life
insurer, 
the  benefits  currently  payable  under
Participating  Business.  Under  the  Life  Act,  bonuses  are
a distribution  to  policyholders  of  profits  and  may  take
including  reversionary  bonuses,
a number  of 
interest  credits  and  capital  growth  bonuses  (payable  on
the termination of the policy).

forms 

to 

Class of Business
Traditional – ordinary business (after tax)
Traditional – superannuation business (after tax)
Annuity business (after tax)
Term life insurance – ordinary business (after tax)
Term life insurance – superannuation business (after tax)
Disability business (before tax)
Investment linked – ordinary business (after tax)
Investment linked – superannuation business (after tax)
Investment linked – exempt (after tax)
Investment account – ordinary business (after tax)
Investment account – superannuation business (after tax)

121

Notes to the financial statements

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

NOTE 34 Life Insurance Business continued

Bonuses

Unit price growth

The  valuation  assumes 

long-term
supportable  bonuses  will  be  paid,  which  is  in  line  with
company  bonus  philosophy.  There  have  been  no
significant changes to these assumptions.

that 

the 

Unit  prices  are  assumed  to  grow  in  line  with
assumed investment earnings assumptions, net of asset
charges  as  per  current  company  practice.  There  have
been no significant changes to these assumptions.

Maintenance expenses

Mortality and Morbidity

Rates  vary  by  sex,  age,  product  type  and  smoker
status.  Rates  are  based  on  standard  mortality  tables
applicable  to  each  territory  e.g.  IA90-92  in  Australia  for
risk,  IM/IF80  for  annuities,  adjusted  for  recent  company
and  industry  experience  where  appropriate.  The  only
significant  change  has  been  an 
the
assumption for disability claims.

increase 

in 

Solvency

Australian Life Insurers
Australian 

life 

required 

to  be  held 

insurers  are 

to  hold
prudential  reserves  in  excess  of  the  amount  of  policy
liabilities.  These reserves are required  to support  capital
adequacy  requirements  and  provide  protection  against
the  adverse  experience.  Actuarial  Standard  AS2.02
‘Solvency  Standard’  (‘AS2.02’)  prescribes  a  minimum
capital  requirement  and  the  minimum  level  of  assets
required 
fund.
in  each 
All controlled  Australian  life  insurance  entities  complied
with 
the  solvency  requirements  of  AS2.02.  Further
information  is  available  from  the  individual  statutory
returns of subsidiary life insurers.
Overseas life insurers
Overseas life insurance subsidiaries are required to
hold reserves in excess of policy liabilities in accordance
with local Acts and prudential rules. Each of the overseas
subsidiaries  complied  with  local  requirements.  Further
information  is  available  from  the  individual  statutory
returns of subsidiary life insurers.

insurance 

life 

Managed assets & fiduciary activities
Arrangements  are  in  place  to  ensure  that  asset
management  and  other  fiduciary  activities  of  controlled
entities  are  independent  of  the  life  insurance  funds  and
other activities of the Group.

Disaggregated Information

Life 

is  conducted 

insurance  business 

through
a number  of  life  insurance  entities  in  Australia  and
overseas. Under the Australian Life  Insurance Act  1995,
life  insurance  business  is  conducted  within  one  or  more
separate  statutory  funds  which  are  distinguished  from
each other and from the shareholders’ fund. The financial
in
statements  of  Australian 
accordance with AASB 1038, (and which are lodged with
the  relevant  Australian  regulators)  show  all  major
components  of  the  financial  statements  disaggregated
between  the  various  life  insurance  statutory  funds  and
their shareholder funds.

insurers  prepared 

life 

For  the  Australian  and  New  Zealand  operations  of
the  Colonial  Group,  maintenance  expense  assumptions
are  based  on  the  contractual  fees  (inclusive  of  an
allowance for inflation) as set out in the service company
agreements. These have increased in line with inflation.

For  other  operations  maintenance  expense
assumptions are based on an analysis of experience over
the  past  year  taking  into  account  future  business  plans.
‘One-off’ expenses are excluded.

Investment management expenses

Investment management  expense  assumptions  are
based on the contractual  fees (inclusive of  an  allowance
for  inflation)  as  set  out  in  Fund  Manager  agreements.
There  have  been  no  significant  changes 
these
assumptions.

to 

Inflation

The  inflation  assumption  is  consistent  with  the
investment  earning  assumptions.  There  have  been  no
significant changes to these assumptions.

Benefit indexation

The  indexation  rates  are  based  on  an  analysis  of
past  experience  and  estimated  long  term  inflation  and
vary by business and product  type.  There have been  no
significant changes to these assumptions.

Taxation

The  taxation  basis  and  rates  assumed  vary  by
territory  and  product  type.  For  the  Australian  business  it
reflects  the  new  regime  for  life  insurance  companies
effective 1 July 2000.

Voluntary discontinuance

Discontinuance rates are based on recent company
and  industry  experience  and  vary  by  territory,  product,
age and duration inforce. The only significant change has
been an increase in the assumption for New Zealand and
Asia.

Surrender values

Current  surrender  value  bases  are  assumed  to
apply  in  the  future.  There  have  been  no  significant
changes to these assumptions.

122

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 35 Remuneration of Auditors

Amounts paid or due and payable for audit and review of the financial report by:
Ernst & Young
Other Auditors

Amounts paid or due and payable for other services to
Ernst & Young

Total Remuneration of Auditors

Other  services  provided  by  Ernst  &  Young  during
the year primarily related to regulatory and other statutory
services,  accounting 
taxation
advisory services.

related  services  and 

Other  services  provided  by  Ernst  &  Young  during
to  once-off
the

the  previous  year  substantially  related 
initiatives 

including  GST  preparedness  and 

2001
$’000

4,518
89
4,607

GROUP
2000
$’000

2001
$’000

BANK
2000
$’000

1,864
3,165
1,878                -
1,864
5,043

1,993
              -
1,993

5,113

17,953

4,089

17,779

9,720

22,996

5,953

19,772

acquisition of Colonial Limited. A significant proportion of
the  other  services  was  provided  by  Ernst  &  Young’s
management  consulting  division.  Effective  23  May  2000
Ernst & Young sold its management consulting business.
From  that  date  Ernst  &  Young  no  longer  provides  those
management consulting services to the Group.

NOTE 36 Commitments for Capital Expenditure Not Provided for in the Accounts

Not later than one year
Later than one year but not later than two years
Later than two years but not later than five years
Later than five years
Total Commitments for Capital Expenditure Not Provided
for in the Accounts

NOTE 37 Lease Commitments - Property, Plant and Equipment

Commitments in respect of non cancellable operating lease
agreements due -
Not later than one year
Later than one year but not later than five years
Later than five years
Total Lease Commitments - Property, Plant and Equipment

Group's share of lease commitments of
associated entities -
Not later than one year
Later than one year but not later than five years
Later than five years
Total Lease Commitments - Property, Plant and Equipment

Lease Arrangements

Leases  entered  into  by  the  Group  are  for  the
purpose  of  accommodating  the  business  need.  Leases
may be over retail, commercial,  industrial and residential
premises and reflect the needs of the occupying business
and  market  conditions.  All  leases  are  negotiated  with
external  professional  property  resources  acting  for  the
Group.

Rental  payments  are  determined 

terms  of
relevant  lease  requirements  –  usually  reflecting  market
rentals as described by standard valuation practice.

in 

2001
$M

12
-
-
-

12

2001
$M

216
595
227
1,038

BANK
2000
$M

19
-
-
-

19

BANK
2000
$M

168
469
215
852

2001
$M

GROUP
2000
$M

30
2
-
-

32

22
-
-
-

22

2001
$M

GROUP
2000
$M

277
730
311
1,318

309
784
341
1,434

7
16
7
30

8
22
10
40

The Group as lessee has no purchase options over
premises occupied.  For properties sold and  leased  back
by  the  Group,  the  Group  does  have  the  right  of  first
refusal  to  purchase  the  property.  There  is  no  obligation
on  the  Bank  to  do  so,  and  there  has  never  been  an
instance of purchase.

There  are  no  restrictions  imposed  on  the  Group’s
lease  of  space  other  than  those  forming  part  of  the
negotiated lease arrangements for each specific premise.

123

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 38 Contingent Liabilities

The  Group  is  involved  in  a  range  of  transactions
that give rise to contingent and/or future liabilities. These
transactions  meet 
requirements  of
customers  and  include  endorsed  bills  of  exchange,
letters of credit, guarantees and commitments to provide
credit.

financing 

the 

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

These transactions combine varying levels of credit,
interest  rate,  foreign  exchange  and  liquidity  risk.  In
accordance  with  Bank  policy,  exposure  to  any  of  these
transactions  is  not  carried  at  a  level  which  would  have
a material effect on the financial condition of the Bank and
its controlled entities.

Details of contingent liabilities and off balance sheet business (excluding Derivatives – Note 39) are:

Credit risk related instruments
Guarantees
Standby letters of credit
Bill endorsements
Documentary letters of credit
Performance related contingents
Commitments to provide credit
Other commitments
Total credit risk related instruments

Guarantees  represent  conditional  undertakings  by
the  Group  to  support  the  financial  obligations  of  its
customers to third parties.

Standby  letters  of  credit  are  undertakings  by  the
Group to repay a loan obligation in the event of a default
by a customer.

Bill endorsements relate  to bills of exchange  which
have  been  confirmed  by  the  Group  and  represent
liabilities  in  the  event  of  default  by  the  acceptor  and  the
drawer of the bill.

Documentary 

letters  of  credit 

represent  an
undertaking to pay  an  overseas  supplier  of  goods  in  the
event of payment default by a customer who is importing
the goods.

Performance 

involve
undertakings  by 
if
a customer  fails  to  fulfil  a  contractual  non-monetary
obligation.

related 
the  Group 

third  parties 

contingents 

to  pay 

Face Value
2000
$M

2001
$M

GROUP
Credit Equivalent
2000
$M

2001
$M

2,104
673
1,096
238
1,236
42,874
2,488
50,709

2,554
558
428
231
1,564
41,324
1,118
47,777

2,104
673
1,096
48
618
15,970
1,728
22,237

2,554
558
428
46
782
13,579
1,091
19,038

The  credit  equivalent  exposure  from  direct  credit
substitutes (guarantees, standby  letters of  credit  and  bill
endorsements)  is  the  face  value  of  the  transaction,
whereas  the  credit  equivalent  exposure  to  documentary
letters  of  credit  and  performance  related  contingents  is
20%  and  50%  respectively  of  the  face  value.  The
exposure  to  commitments  to  provide  credit  is  calculated
by  applying  given  credit  conversion  factors  to  the  face
value to reflect the duration, the nature and the certainty
of the contractual undertaking to provide the facility.
loss  depends  on 

the
performance  of  a  counterparty,  the  Group  utilises  the
same  credit  policies  and  assessment  criteria  for  off
balance  sheet  business  as  it  does  for  on  balance  sheet
business  and  if  it  is  deemed  necessary,  collateral  is
obtained based on management’s credit evaluation of the
counterparty.  If  a  probable  loss  is  identified,  suitable
provisions are raised.

the  potential 

Where 

Litigation

Neither  the  Commonwealth  Bank  nor  any  of  its
controlled  entities  is  engaged  in  any  litigation  or  claim
which is likely to have a materially adverse effect on the
business,  financial  condition  or  operating  results  of  the
Commonwealth  Bank  or  any  of  its  controlled  entities.
Where  some  loss  is  probable  an  appropriate  provision
has been made.

Commitments 

include  all
obligations  on  the  part  of  the  Group  to  provide  funding
facilities.

to  provide  credit 

Other commitments include the Group’s obligations
under sale and  repurchase  agreements,  outright  forward
purchases  and 
forward  deposits  and  underwriting
facilities.

The 

transactions  are  categorised  and  credit
equivalents calculated under APRA guidelines for the risk
based  measurement  of  capital  adequacy.  The  credit
equivalent amounts are a measure of the potential loss to
the  Group  in  the  event  of  possible  non  performance  by
a counterparty.

124

Notes the financial statements

NOTE 38 Contingent Liabilities continued

Indemnities under UK Sale Agreement

Fiduciary Activities

The  Group  has  contingent  liabilities  that  relate  to
indemnities  given  under  an  agreement  for  the  sale  of
Colonial Life (UK)  Ltd  and  Colonial  Pension  Fund  Ltd  to
the Winterthur Group.

These indemnities cover potential claims that could
arise  from  mis-selling  activities  in  the  UK  for  pension
products  and  mortgage  endowment  products.  Under  the
liabilities  are  shared  between
sales  agreement 
Winterthur and the Group on a pre-determined basis.

the 

Funds under management
Australia
United Kingdom
New Zealand
Asia

Funds under trusteeship
Australia

Funds under custody and investment administration
Australia

As an obligation arises under each type of duty the
amount  of  funds  has  been  included  where  that  duty
arises.  This  may  lead  to  the  same  funds  being  shown
more than once where Group companies are engaged to
act  in more  than one  capacity  (e.g.  as  trustee  and  fund
manager).

retail 

trusts 

Certain entities within the Group act as responsible
trustee  of  various  managed  schemes
entity  or 
(‘schemes’),  wholesale  and 
(‘trusts’).
Liabilities are  incurred by  these entities  in  their  capacity
as responsible entity  or  trustee.  Rights  of  indemnity  are
held  against  the  schemes  and  trusts  whose  assets
exceeded their liabilities at 30 June 2001. Where entities
within 
trusts,
the  Group  act  as  manager  of  unit 
obligations  exist  under 
the  relevant  Trust  Deeds,
whereby  upon  request  from  a  unit  holder,  the  manager
has an obligation to repurchase units from the trust or to
arrange for the relevant trustee to redeem units from the
assets of those trusts. It is considered unlikely that these
entities  will  need  to  repurchase  units  from  their  own
funds.

The  Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia  does  not
its

the  performance  or  obligations  of 

guarantee 
subsidiaries.

The  Group  and  its  associated  entities  conduct
investment management and other  fiduciary activities as
responsible  entity,  trustee,  custodian  or  manager  for
numerous 
including
superannuation  and  approved  deposit  funds,  wholesale
and retail trusts. The amounts of funds concerned  which
are  not  reported  in  the  Group’s  balance  sheet  are  as
follows:

funds  and 

investment 

trusts, 

2001
$M

 58,018
 14,614
 2,227
 2,095
 76,954

2000
$M

 43,400
 19,202
 947
 1,717
 65,266

 22,768

 21,150

 73,513

 66,510

Long Term Contracts

the  Bank  entered 

In  1997,  the  Bank  entered  into  a  ten  year  contract
with an associated entity, EDS (Australia) Pty Ltd, relating
to  the  provision  of  information  technology  services.  In
2000, 
into  a telecommunications
services  agreement  with  TCNZ  Australia  Pty  Ltd  for  five
years. The exact amounts of these contracts is unable to
be  reliably  determined  as  they  are  dependent  upon
business volumes over the period of the contracts.

Liquidity support

In  accordance  with  the  regulations  and  procedures
governing  clearing  arrangements  contained  within  the
Australian  Paper  Clearing  Stream  (Clearing  Stream  1)
and the Bulk Electronic Clearing Stream (Clearing Stream
2)  of  the  Australian  Payments  Clearing  Association
Limited,  the  Bank  is  subject  to  a  commitment  to  provide
liquidity support to these clearing streams in the event of a
failure to settle by a member institution.

Service agreements

The  maximum  contingent  liability  for  termination
benefits  in  respect  of  service  agreements  with  the
Managing Director and  other  executives  of  the  Company
and its controlled entities at 30 June 2001 was $12 million
(2000: $8 million).

125

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

The  Bank’s  policy  framework  differentiates  normal
operational  liquidity  management  (corresponding  to  the
‘going concern’ scenario  in APRA’s  Prudential  Statement
D1 on Liquidity) from a crisis event.  Three types  of  crisis
are  dealt  with  ie,  systemic,  founded  and  unfounded.  The
policy  sets  out  the  controls  and  cash  flow  assumptions
appropriate in all cases. The key elements of the liquidity
policy cover:
(cid:1) 

Detailed  daily  forecasts  out  to  3  months  including
mismatch limits;
Development of reliable funding sources;
The  holding  of  a  stock  of  high  quality  liquid  assets
ie,  assets  held  that  are  available  for  repurchase  by
the  RBA  (over  and  above  those  required  to  meet
Real  Time  Gross  Settlement  (RTGS)  obligations),
AUD  CDs/Bills  of  other  banks  and  AUD  overnight
interbank loans; and
The use of standby lines of funding.
included 
Subsidiaries  are  also 

the  Group’s

in 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

liquidity policy framework.
Foreign  currency 

liquidity  risk 

is  managed  by
ensuring that a positive cumulative cash flow exists for the
next  7  days’  operations.  This  means  that  should  a crisis
situation  arise,  the  Bank  would  not  need  to  access  new
funding  from  wholesale  markets  for  at  least  one  week.
There is also  a  cap  on  the  maximum  level  of  cumulative
negative cash flows at day 28. A stock of liquid assets is
included in this protective measure.

Funding risk
Funding risk is the risk of over-reliance on a funding
source to the extent that a change in  that  funding source
could  increase overall  funding  costs  or  cause  difficulty  in
funding
raising  funds.  The  Group  has  a  policy  of 
diversification. This Funding Policy augments the Group’s
Liquidity Policy. Its aim is to assure that the Group has a
stable  diversified  funding  base  without  over-reliance  on
any one market sector. Central to this is the determination
of the most appropriate mix of deposits and other liabilities
to  fund  the  balance  sheet.  A  target  has  been  set  for  the
preferred  minimum  level  of  retail  deposits.  A  minimum
level  of  long-term  (greater  than  12 months)  funding  has
also been set.

Domestically,  the  Group  continues  to  obtain  the
majority  of  its  AUD  funding  from  its  stable  retail  deposit
base,  primarily  demand  and  short  term  deposits,  which
have a lower interest cost than wholesale funds. The retail
funding  percentage  has  risen  from  60%  in  June  2000  to
62% in June 2001.  The relative size of the  Group’s retail
base  has  enabled  it  to  source  funds  at  a lower  average
rate  of  interest  than  the  other  major  Australian  banks.
However, some of this benefit  is offset by the cost of the
Group’s  retail  network  and  the  Group’s  large  share
(approximately 48%) of pensioner deeming accounts.

In 

recent  years, 

the  Group  has  experienced
a movement of retail deposit balances into higher yielding
facilities.  This  reflects  increased  customer  awareness  of
investment  opportunities  in  an  environment  where  the
level  of  interest  rates  has  remained  lower  and  relatively
more stable  when  compared  with the  interest  rate  cycles
of the 1980s and early 1990s.

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk

The  Group  in  its  daily  operations  is  exposed  to
a number of market risks. A market risk is the risk of an
adverse event in the financial markets that may result in
a loss of earnings to the Group, e.g. an adverse interest
rate movement.

Under  the  authority  of  the  Bank’s  Board,  the  Risk
Committee  of  the  Board  ensures  that  all  the  Group’s
market  risk  is  consistent  with  the  Group  business
strategy and within Group risk tolerance. Regular market
risk reports are tabled before Risk Committee. Within the
Group, market risk exists  in  the  balance  sheet  structure
and arises in the course of its intermediation activities in
financial services and in financial markets trading.

Market risk in the balance sheet

The Risk Committee of the Board recommends for
Board approval all balance sheet market risk policies and
limits.  Implementation of  the  policy  is  through  the  Asset
Liability Committee, with operational management of the
risk delegated to the  Group General  Manager, Financial
&  Risk  Management.  Market  risk  in  the  balance  sheet
includes liquidity risk,  funding  risk,  interest  rate  risk  and
foreign exchange rate risk.

Liquidity risk
Balance  sheet  liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  of  being
unable to meet financial obligations as they fall due. The
Group manages liquidity  risk  separately  for  its  domestic
Australian  Dollar  (AUD)  obligations  and  for  its  foreign
currency  obligations.  In  both  domestic  and  foreign
currency  operations,  liquidity  policies  are  in  place  to
manage  liquidity  both  in  a  day  to  day  sense,  and  also
under crisis assumptions.

APRA  has  revised  its  Prudential  Standard  for  the
supervision of liquidity in banks. This standard has been
expanded 
to  cover  all  Approved  Deposit-taking
Institutions  (ADIs).  The  previous  policy  has  been
superseded  and  the  Prime  Assets  Requirements  (PAR)
has been abolished.

Each  bank  is  required  to  develop  a 

liquidity
management strategy that is appropriate for itself, based
on  its  size  and  the  nature  of  its  operations.  The  prime
objective  is  to  ensure  that  each  bank  has  sufficient
liquidity to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.

The Bank has developed a liquidity policy, relevant
to  its  own  circumstances  and  this  has  formally  been
approved by APRA. The objectives of the Bank’s funding
and liquidity policies are to:
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Ensure all financial obligations are met when due;
Provide adequate protection at lowest cost; and
Achieve sustainable, lowest-cost funding within the
limitations  of  funding  diversification  requirements,
without  over-reliance  on  any  particular  market
segment.

126

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

funds 

The  cost  of 

for  Financial  Year  2001,
calculated  as  the  percentage  of  interest  expense  to
average interest bearing liabilities, was 5.1% on a Group
basis compared with 4.4% on a Group basis for Financial
Year 2000.

The  Group  obtains  a  significant  proportion  of  its
funding  for  the  domestic  balance  sheet  from  wholesale
sources  –  approximately  23%,  excluding  Bank
Acceptances.  The cost of  funds  raised  in  the  wholesale
markets  is  affected  by  independently  assessed  credit
ratings.

Australia
Cheque Accounts
Savings Accounts
Term Deposits
Cash Management Accounts
Debt Issues
Bank Acceptances
Certificates of Deposit
Life Insurance Policy Liabilities
Loan Capital
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Other
Total Australia

Overseas
Deposits and Interbank
Commercial Paper
Life Insurance Policy Liabilities
Other Debt Issues
Bank Acceptances and Other
Total Overseas
Total Funding Sources
Provisions and Other Liabilities
Total Liabilities

A 

funding  diversification  policy 

is  particularly
important  in  offshore  markets  where  the  absence  of  any
is
‘natural’  offshore 
principally  reliant  on  money  market  and  capital  market
sources  for  funding.  The  Bank  has  imposed  internal
prudential limits on the relative mix of offshore sources of
funds.

funding  base  means  the  Bank 

The  following  table  outlines  the  range  of  financial
instruments  used  by  the  Group  to  raise  deposits  and
borrowings, both within Australia and overseas. Funds are
raised  from  well-diversified  sources  and  there  are  no
material concentrations in these categories.

2001
$M

19,644
30,248
28,102
11,080
14,719
11,960
12,927
23,477
5,704
435
2,798
161,094

19,021
8,471
3,552
1,294
118
32,456
193,550
17,013
210,563

GROUP
2000
$M

15,289
29,543
29,677
9,985
17,520
11,107
14,136
21,975
5,299
946
1,809
157,286

15,842
6,070
3,307
1,685
                       -
26,904
184,190
15,634
199,824

127

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

Interest rate risk
Interest  rate  risk  in  the  balance  sheet  arises  from
the  potential  for  a  change  in  interest  rates  to  have  an
adverse effect on the net interest earnings of the Group in
the current reporting period, and  in  future  years.  Interest
rate  risk  arises  from  the  structure  and  characteristics  of
the  Group’s  assets,  liabilities  and  equity,  and  in  the
mismatch  in  repricing  dates  of  its  assets  and  liabilities.
The  objective  is  to  manage  the  interest  rate  risk  to
achieve  stable  and  sustainable  net  interest  earnings  in
the long term.

The  Group  measures  and  manages  balance  sheet

interest rate risk from two perspectives:
(a) Next 12 Months’ Earnings

The  risk  to  the  net  interest  earnings  over  the  next
12 months from a change in interest rates is measured on
a  monthly  basis.  Risk 
is  measured  assuming  an
immediate 1% parallel movement in interest rates across
the full yield curve as well as other interest rate scenarios
with  variations  in  the  size  and  timing  of  interest  rate
movements.  Potential  variations  to  net  interest  earnings
are measured using a  simulation model  which takes into
account the projected change in balance sheet asset and
liability  levels  and  mix.  Assets  and  liabilities  with  pricing
directly based on market rates are repriced based on the
full extent of the rate shock that is applied. Risk on other
assets and liabilities (those priced at the discretion of the
Group)  is  measured  by  taking  into  account  both  the
manner the products have repriced in the past as well as
the  expected  change  in  price  based  on  the  current
competitive market environment.

to  net 

The  figures  in  the  table  represent  the  potential
(expressed  as
interest  earnings 
change 
a percentage of expected net interest earnings in the next
12  months)  based  on  a  1%  parallel  rate  shock  and  the
expected change in price of assets and liabilities held for
purposes other than trading.

(expressed as a % of expected
next 12 months’ earnings)

Average monthly exposure
High month exposure
Low month exposure

2001
%

1.8
2.4
0.9

2000
%

1.8
2.3
1.4

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

the  net  present  value  of  cashflows  of  assets  and
liabilities.  Cashflows  for  fixed  rate  products  are  included
on  a  contractual  basis,  after  adjustment  for  forecast
prepayment  activity.  Cashflows  for  products  repriced  at
the  discretion  of  the  Group  are  based  on  the  expected
repricing characteristics of those products.

The  total  cashflows  are  revalued  under  a  range  of
possible  interest  rate  scenarios  using  a  Value  at  Risk
(VaR)  methodology.  The  interest  rate  scenarios  are
based  on  actual  interest  rate  movements  that  have
occurred  over  1  year  and  5  year  historical  observation
periods.  The  measured  VaR  exposure  is  an  estimate  to
a 97.5%  confidence  level  (one-tail)  of  the  potential  loss
that could occur if the balance sheet positions were to be
held  unchanged  for  a  one  month  holding  period.  For
example, VaR exposure of $1 million means that in 97.5
cases out of 100, the expected net present value will not
decrease  by  more  than  $1  million  given  the  historical
movement in interest rates.

The figures  in the  following table represent  the  net
present value of the expected change in future  earnings
in all future periods  for the remaining term of all existing
assets and liabilities held for purposes other than trading.

Exposure as at 30 June
Average monthly exposure
High month exposure
Low month exposure

2001
$M

42
23
42
11

2000
$M

19
27
45
15

for 

the 

two 

framework 

A  stress-test 

interest  rate  risk
risk-management  perspectives
augments 
outlined above. The results of the stress tests are used to
refine  policy  and  limits  where  appropriate  and  are
reported 
to  Asset  Liability  Committee  and  Risk
Committee.

The 

table 

following 

represents 

the  Group’s
contractual  interest  rate  risk  sensitivity  from  repricing
mismatches  as  at  30  June  2001  and  the  corresponding
weighted  average  effective 
interest  rates.  The  net
mismatch  represents  the  net  value  of  assets,  liabilities
and off balance sheet instruments that may be repriced in
the time periods shown.

(b) Economic value

Some  of  the  Group’s  assets  and  liabilities  have
interest rate  risk  that  is  not  captured  within  the  measure
of risk to next 12 months earnings, as the risk  is beyond
the  next  12  months.  To  measure 
longer-term
sensitivity,  the  Group  utilises  an  economic  value-at-risk
analysis. This analysis measures the potential change in

this 

 The  Bank  does  not  use  this  contractual  repricing
information  to  manage  its  interest  rate  risk.  The  risk  is
managed  using  the  ‘Next  12  Months  Earnings’  and
‘Economic Value’ perspectives outlined above. All assets
and 
to  contractual
repricing  dates.  Options  are  shown  in  the  mismatch
report using delta equivalents of the option face values.

liabilities  are  shown  according 

128

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

Interest Rate Risk Sensitivity

Balance
3 to 6 6 to 12
1 to 3
Sheet
Total month months months months
$M
$M

0 to 1

$M

$M

$M

Repricing Period at 30 June 2001
Not Weighted
over 5 Interest Average
Rate
Years Bearing
%
$M

1 to 5
years
$M

$M

3,197

1,979

Australia
Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other
1,815
financial institutions
4,095
Trading securities
253
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables 118,939 65,183
-
Bank acceptances of customers
3,219
Life insurance investment assets
-
Deposits with regulatory authorities
-
Property, plant and equipment
-
Intangible assets
-
Other assets
Total Assets

855
-
365
9,087
-
229
-
-
-
-
196,903 76,544 10,536

11,960
27,401
-
721
10,848
13,548

2,858
4,095
3,336

-

-

10

-

-

1,208

39
-
28

149
-
-

-
-
1,677
5,168 13,058 26,138
-
3,171
-
-
-
-
5,572 14,621 30,986

-
1,486
-
-
-
-

-
255
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
1,012
1
1,696 (1,391)
- 11,960
2,441 16,600
-
-
-
721
- 10,848
- 13,548
5,149 53,495

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings
Payables due to other
financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Provision for dividend
Income tax liability
Other provisions
Life insurance policy liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities

102,421 65,923

7,941

9,373

4,881

6,143

1,720

6,440

2,816
11,960
779
1,212
881
23,477
14,719
12,679

1,500
-
-
-
-
-
2,452
-

269
-
-
-
-
-
4,897
-

456
-
-
-
-
-
1,676
-

591
-
-
-
-
-
1,157
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
4,420
-

-
-
- 11,960
779
-
1,212
-
-
881
- 23,477 (3)

117

-
- 12,679

Loan Capital
Total Liabilities

Shareholders Equity
Outside equity interests in
controlled entities
Total Shareholders’ Equity

Off Balance Sheet Items
Swaps
FRAs
Futures
Net Mismatch
Cumulative Mismatch

5,624

1,744
176,568 70,368 14,851

493

213
11,718

-

406
6,629 10,969

2,768
-
4,605 57,428

18,362
1,449
19,811

700
-
700

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

- 17,662
-
1,449
- 19,111

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

-
-

2,472 (11,560)
-
-
7,948 (15,875)
7,948 (7,927) (13,273)

800
-
-

3,014
-
-
(5,346) 11,077 23,031

3,085
-
-

2,189
-
-

-
-
-
2,733 (23,044)
524

(2,196) 20,835 23,568

2.60

4.89
4.97
8.40
7.18

2.42

5.03

3.47

4.98

5.56

6.40
2.76

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(2)

(3)

no rate applicable
no balance sheet amount applicable
Technically, the life insurance policy liabilities are not interest bearing, but the amount of the liability may change in line
with changes in interest rates. This is particularly so with investment linked policies.

As noted above the cumulative mismatch reflects contractual repricing periods. The balance sheet is managed based

on assessments of expected pricing behaviour having regard to historical trends and competitive positioning.

The Group has a significant portfolio of loans with fixed interest rates maturing in the one to five years repricing period.
Funding  is  principally  raised  from  retail  deposits  with  at  call  variable  interest  rates.  The  interest  rate  risk  exposure  is
managed in accordance with the principles outlined above in this note.

129

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Balance
Sheet
6 to 12
1 to 3
Total month months months months
$M
$M

3 to 6

0 to 1

$M

$M

$M

Repricing Period at 30 June 2001
Not Weighted
over 5 Interest Average
Rate
years Bearing
%
$M

1 to 5
years
$M

$M

Overseas
Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other
financial institutions
Trading securities
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables
Bank acceptances of customers
Life insurance investment assets
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Other assets
Total Assets

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings
Payables due to other
financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Provision for dividend
Income tax liability
Other provisions
Life insurance policy liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities

Loan Capital
Total Liabilities

Shareholders Equity
Outside equity interests in
controlled entities
Total Shareholders’ Equity

Off Balance Sheet Items
Swaps
FRAs
Futures
Net Mismatch
Cumulative Mismatch

(1)

(2)

no rate applicable
no balance sheet amount applicable

1.97

5.62
5.70
5.19
7.50

2.85

5.95

4.94

4.87

4.43

8.29
4.05

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

512

375

121

7

-

-

-

9

1,764
2,814
6,369
17,120
115
3,812
61
198
4
739
33,508

626
789
573
6,845
-
666
-
-
-
-
9,874

188
823
1,281
1,535
-
58
-
-
-
-
4,006

177
314
1,884
1,232
-
95
-
-
-
-
3,709

237
367
83
2,264
-
177
-
-
-
-
3,128

478
439
1,744
4,822
-
518
-
-
-
-
8,001

-
57
803
430
-
53
-
-
-
-
1,343

58
25
1
(8)
115
2,245
61
198
4
739
3,447

14,934

8,516

3,440

995

1,154

4,087
115
-
143
126
3,552
9,765
1,193

2,906
-
-
-
-
-
449
-

756
-
-
-
-
-
6,338
-

80

-
33,995 11,871

-
10,534

286
-
-
-
-
-
1,506
-

-
2,787

88
-
-
-
-
-
557
-

-
1,799

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

193

51
-
-
-
-
-
544
-

80
868

-
-
-

-

636

-
-
-
-
-
-
326
-

-
326

-
-
-

-
115
-
143
126
3,552
45
1,193

-
5,810

31
6
37

(222)
-
-

-
-
-
795 (2,400)
(524)

1,876

999
(299)
-
(1,297)
(1,297)

3,700
199
74
(2,555)
(3,852)

96 (1,222)
-
92
199
(2,701)

100
(166)
952
(2,900)

(3,351)
-
-
3,782
1,081

130

31
6
37

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

Balance
Sheet
3 to 6 6 to 12
1 to 3
Total month months months months
$M

0 to 1

$M

$M

$M

$M

Repricing Period at 30 June 2000
Not Weighted
over 5 Interest Average
Rate
years Bearing
%
$M

1 to 5
years
$M

$M

1,548

2,506

Australia
Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other
2,540
financial institutions
5,480
Trading securities
Investment securities
1,288
Loans, advances and other receivables 116,747 65,192
11,107           -
Bank acceptances of customers
Life insurance investment assets (3)
3,110
23,385
          -
Deposits with regulatory authorities
           -
861           -
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill
5,899           -
14,448           -
Other assets
188,738 79,158
Total Assets

4,159
5,480
4,146

           -

7           -

          -

          -

951

3.59

1,508
           -
220
8,130
           -
890
           -
           -
           -
           -
10,748

18
           -
413

8           -
          -
          -
1,323
108
7,193 12,714 23,174
          -
          -
2,735
555
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
7,701 13,385 27,232

           -
70
           -
           -
           -
           -

          -
          -
788

85
           -
6
1,724 (1,380)

6.64
6.07
8.13
7.55
11,107              -
2.86
12,257
             -
           -
861              -
5,899              -
14,448              -
5.58
44,234

          -
3,768
          -
          -
          -
          -
6,280

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings
Payables due to other
financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Provision for dividend
Income tax liability
Other provisions
Life insurance policy liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities

99,816 57,491

9,448

10,607

7,394

6,654

2,244

5,978

4.27

1,569

1,145
11,107           -
708           -
1,740           -
1,321           -
21,975           -
17,520
5,514
10,942           -

424            -
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -
872
           -

           -
           -
           -
           -
           -
5,140
           -

          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
1,609
          -

          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
4,001
          -

          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -

          -

6.05
           -
11,107              -
708              -
1,740              -
1,321              -
21,975              -
6.26
10,942              -

384            -

Loan Capital
Total Liabilities

5,220

795
171,918 64,945

1,845
16,857

182           -

394
9,003 11,049

11,661

2,004            -
53,771
4,632

7.31
3.39

Shareholders Equity
Outside equity interests in
controlled entities
Total Shareholders’ Equity

Off Balance Sheet Items
Swaps
FRAs
Futures
Net Mismatch
Cumulative Mismatch

17,472           -

           -

           -

          -

          -

          -

17,472

744           -
18,216           -

           -
           -

           -
           -

          -
          -

          -
          -

          -
          -

744
18,216

(2)

(2)

(1,158)
          -
181

(5,774)
           -
           -
(2) 13,236 (11,883)
(2) 13,236

1,282
           -
(595)
(3,273)
1,353 (1,920)

719
          -
446

2,199
          -
(37)
5,547 18,345
3,627 21,972

          -

2,732            -
           -
5            -
4,385 (27,753)
26,357 (1,396)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

no rate applicable
no balance sheet amount applicable

(2)
(3) With the introduction of Australian Accounting Standard AASB 1038: Life Insurance Business, the contractual repricing
of Life insurance investment assets has been included in the Interest Rate Risk Sensitivity table for the first time for the
financial year ended 30 June 2000. The interest income on these assets supports the life insurance policies issued by
the Group’s life companies and does not contribute to market risk within the banking book.

131

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Balance
Sheet
6 to 12
1 to 3
Total month months months months
$M
$M

3 to 6

0 to 1

$M

$M

$M

Repricing Period at 30 June 2000
Not Weighted
over 5 Interest Average
Rate
years Bearing
%
$M

1 to 5
years
$M

$M

69           -

8

24            -

          -

           -

37

2.13

995
1,867
5,003
15,516
           -
3,651
46

479
483
201
6,338
          -
115

240
790
1,710
1,453
          -
301
10           -
          -
          -
          -
4,502

216
254
171
1,470
           -
193
           -
           -
           -
           -
2,328

23           -
144
1,281
4,076
          -
354

           -

37
59            -
1,476            -
(174)
           -
1,899
3

5.85
6.62
7.91
7.86
            -
3.17
1.59
212             -
6             -
2,156             -
6.49
4,176

391
           -
595
33            -
           -
           -
           -
2,521

          -
          -
          -
5,888

137
164
1,962
           -
194
           -
           -
           -
           -
2,480

212           -
6           -
2,156           -
7,626

29,521

12,778

6,626

3,581

1,221

972

315

1

62

5.50

3,064
           -
           -

1,652
          -
          -
83           -
233           -
3,307           -
650
7,755
607           -

816
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
4,530
          -

370
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -
640
           -

226           -
          -
          -
          -
          -
          -
709
          -

           -
           -
           -
           -
           -
818
           -

           -
           -
           -
           -
           -
           -

           -

           -
           -
           -

6.12
            -
            -
83             -
233             -
3,307             -
5.26
607             -

408            -

Overseas
Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other
financial institutions
Trading securities
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables
Bank acceptances of customers
Life insurance investment assets
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill
Other assets
Total Assets

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings
Payables due to other
financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Provision for dividend
Income tax liability
Other provisions
Life insurance policy liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities

Loan Capital
Total Liabilities

Shareholders Equity
Outside equity interests in
controlled entities
Total Shareholders’ Equity

79           -
8,928

27,906

          -
8,927

           -
2,231

           -
2,016

79            -
409

1,103

           -
4,292

7.46
4.67

           -

          -

          -

           -

           -

          -

           -

           -

219           -
219           -

          -
          -

           -
           -

           -
           -

          -
          -

           -
           -

219
219

Off Balance Sheet Items
Swaps
Options
FRAs
Futures
Net Mismatch
Cumulative Mismatch
(1)

(2)

no rate applicable
no balance sheet amount applicable

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(261)
          -
94
          -
(1,469)
(1,469)

2,032
670
1
          -
(1,722)
(3,191)

463
(670)
(252)
           -
(362)
(3,553)

(185)
           -

(1,323)
          -
157           -
          -
3,462
345

           -
436
(3,117)

(726)
           -
           -
           -
1,386
1,731

           -
           -
           -
           -
(335)
1,396

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

Net deferred gains and losses
Net  deferred  unrealised  gains  and  losses  arising
from derivative hedging contracts entered into in order to
liabilities,
manage 
commitments  or  anticipated  future  transactions,  together
with the expected term of deferral are shown below.

from  assets, 

risk  arising 

the 

Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk is the risk to earnings caused

by a change in foreign exchange rates.

The  Group  hedges  all  balance  sheet 

foreign
exchange  risk  except  for  long  term  investments  in
offshore  subsidiaries.  An  adverse  movement  of  10%  in
foreign  exchange  rates  would  cause  the  Group’s  capital
adequacy  ratio  to  deteriorate  by  less  than  0.3%  (2000:
less than 0.3%)

132

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

As at 30 June

Within 6 months
Within 6 months - 1 year
Within 1-2 years
Within 2-5 years
After 5 years
Net deferred gain (loss)

Exchange rate
Related contracts
2001
2000
$M
$M

Interest rate
Related contracts
2001
2000
$M
$M

167
(5)
(229)
(69)
19
(117) (1)

341
31
24
(33)
(226)
137

349
(184)
(90)
(38)
(26)
11

(45)
(49)
(28)
(27)
(230)
(379)

2001
$M

516
(189)
(319)
(107)
(7)
(106)

Total
2000
$M

296
(18)
(4)
(60)
(456)
(242)

(1)

The increase in net deferred losses in exchange rate derivative contracts predominantly reflects falls in the AUD/USD
exchange rate over the year. These losses are offset by unrecognised net gains in assets and liabilities in the balance
sheet.

Net deferred gains and losses are only in respect of
derivatives and must be considered  in the  context of  the
total  interest  rate  and  foreign  exchange  risk  of  the
balance  sheet.  The  deferred  gains  and  losses  on  both
derivatives and on balance sheet assets and liabilities are
included  in  the  economic  value  at  risk  measure  outlined
above.

Additionally,  there  are  $107  million  of  net  deferred
losses  on  derivatives  (2000:  $11  million  net  deferred
investments
losses)  used 
disclosed within Note 11.

to  hedge  equity  risk  on 

Market risk in financial services

Market  risk  in  the  life  insurance  business  arises
liabilities
from  mismatches  between  assets  and 
guaranteed  returns  offered  on  some  classes  of  policy
(which  may  not  be  capable  of  being  hedged  through
matching  assets),  adverse  movements  in  market  prices
affecting  fee  income  on  investment-linked  policies  and
from the returns obtained from investing the shareholders
capital held in each life company.  Shareholders funds in
the life insurance business are on average invested 50%
in  income  assets  (cash  and  fixed  interest)  and  50%  in
growth  assets  (shares  and  property),  although  the  asset
mix  may  vary  from  company  to  company.  Policyholder
funds  are  invested  to  meet  policyholder  reasonable
expectations  without  putting  the  shareholder  at  undue
risk.

Market  risk  in  the  funds  management  business  is
the risk of an adverse movement in market prices  which
leads  to  a  reduction  in  the  amount  of  funds  under
management and a consequent reduction in fee income.

Market Risk in Financial Markets Trading

The  Group’s  policy  is  that  exposure  to  market  risk
Institutional
from 
trading  activities 
Banking.    The  Group  trades  and  distributes  financial
markets products and provides risk management services
to clients on a global basis.

is  managed  by 

The  objectives  of  the  Group’s  financial  markets

activities are to:
(cid:1) 

Provide risk management products and services to
customers;

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Manage the Group’s own market risks; and
Conduct  controlled  trading  in  pursuit  of  profit,
leveraging  off  the  Bank’s  market  presence  and
expertise.
The Group maintains access to markets by quoting
bid and offer prices with other market makers and carries
an  inventory  of  treasury  and  capital  market  instruments,
including a broad range of securities and derivatives.

In foreign exchange, the Group is a participant in all
major  currencies  and  is  a  major  participant  in  the
Australian  dollar  market,  providing  services  for  central
banks, 
institutional,  corporate  and  retail  customers.
Positions are also  taken  in the  interest  rate,  debt,  equity
and commodity markets based on views of future market
movements.    Trading  securities  are  further  detailed  in
Note 10 of the financial statements.

Income  is  earned  from  spreads  achieved  through
market-making  and  from  taking  market  risk.    All  trading
positions  are  valued  and  taken  to  profit  and  loss  on  a
mark to  market basis.    Trading  profits  also  take  account
of interest, dividends and funding costs relating to trading
activities. 
is  controlled  by
liquidity 
concentrating trading activity in highly liquid markets.

  Market 

risk 

Note 3 of  the  financial  statements  details  Financial
Markets  Trading  Income  contribution  of  $426  million
(2000:  $311  million)  to  the  income  of  the  Group.    The
contribution 
important
diversification benefits to the Group.

is  significant  and  provides 

Residual Value Risk on Operating Leases

The Group provides operating  leases to  customers
on  equipment  such  as  motor  vehicles,  computers  and
industrial  equipment.  A  residual  value  risk  arises  when
equipment  is  not  fully  depreciated  at  lease  expiry.
Residual value risk is the  risk  that  the  amount  recouped
by selling the equipment at lease expiry will be less than
the residual value on the lease.

In  managing  the  risk  the  Group  utilises  industry
experts to ensure that the residual value of equipment is
prudently  estimated  at  the  start  of  the  lease  and  the
Group  realises  the  maximum  value  of  the  equipment  at
lease expiry.

133

Notes to the financial statements
NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

Derivative contracts

The following table  details  the  Group’s  outstanding

derivative contracts as at the end of the year.

Each derivative type is split between those held for
‘Trading’  purposes  and  those  for  ‘Other  than  Trading’
purposes.  Derivatives  classified  as  ‘Other  than  Trading’
are transactions entered into in order to manage the risks
arising 
and
non-traded 
commitments in Australia and offshore centres.

liabilities 

assets, 

from 

The  ‘Face  Value’  is  the  notional  or  contractual
amount of the derivatives. This amount is not necessarily
exchanged  and  predominantly  acts  as  reference  value
upon which interest payments and net settlements can be
calculated and on which revaluation is based.

Derivatives
Exchange rate related contracts
Forwards
Trading
Other than trading
Total Forwards
Swaps
Trading
Other than trading
Total Swaps
Futures
Trading
Other than trading
Total Futures
Options purchased and sold
Trading
Other than trading
Total Options purchased and sold
Total exchange rate related contracts

Interest rate related contracts
Forwards
Trading
Other than trading
Total Forwards
Swaps
Trading
Other than trading
Total Swaps
Futures
Trading
Other than trading
Total Futures
Options purchased and sold
Trading
Other than trading
Total Options purchased and sold
Total interest rate related contracts

Equity risk related contracts
Swaps
Other than trading
Total equity risk related contracts
Total derivatives exposures

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

The 

‘Credit  Equivalent’ 

is  calculated  using
a standard  APRA  formula  and  is  disclosed  for  each
product  class.  This  amount  is  a  measure  of  the  on
balance sheet loan equivalent of the derivative contracts,
which includes a specified percentage of the face value of
each contract plus  the  market  value  of  all  contracts  with
an unrealised gain at balance date. The Credit Equivalent
does  not  take  into  account  any  benefits  of  netting
exposures to individual counterparties.
The  accounting  policy 
instruments is set out in Note 1(gg).

for  derivative 

financial

2001
$M

Face Value
2000
$M

GROUP
Credit Equivalent
2000
$M

2001
$M

114,962
1,771
116,733

23,196
8,661
31,857

417
-
417

34,261
-
34,261
183,268

23,477
7,074
30,551

97,822
79,989
177,811

45,367
20
45,387

12,265
79
12,344
266,093

278
278
449,639

112,949
1,323
114,272

14,151
12,010
26,161

324
-
324

39,375
-
39,375
180,132

18,002
6,192
24,194

119,120
51,060
170,180

33,583
1,142
34,725

12,292
737
13,029
242,128

278
278
422,538

4,295
17
4,312

1,946
1,588
3,534

-
-
-

704
-
704
8,550

2
1
3

1,671
1,510
3,181

-
-
-

123
79
202
3,386

3,374
1
3,375

1,235
1,726
2,961

-
-
-

626
-
626
6,962

4
2
6

1,865
1,254
3,119

-
-
-

128
67
195
3,320

-
-
11,936

-
-
10,282

134

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 39 Market Risk continued

The  fair  or  market  value  of  trading  derivative
contracts, disaggregated into gross unrealised gains and
gross unrealised losses, are shown below. In line with the
Group’s  accounting  policy,  these  unrealised  gains  and
losses are recognised immediately in profit and loss, and
together with net realised gains on trading derivatives and

realised  and  unrealised  gains  and  losses  on  trading
securities,  are  reported  within  trading  income  under
foreign exchange earnings  or  other  financial  instruments
(refer  Note  3).  In  aggregate,  derivatives  trading  was
profitable for the Group during the year.

Exchange rate related contracts
Forward contracts
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Swaps
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Futures
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Options purchased and sold
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Net Unrealised Gains on exchange Rate Related Contracts

Interest rate related contracts
Forward contracts
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Swaps
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Futures
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Options purchased and sold
  Gross unrealised gains
  Gross unrealised losses

Net Unrealised Losses on Interest Rate Related Contracts
Net Unrealised Gains on Trading Derivative Contracts

Fair Value
2000
$M

2001
$M

Average Fair Value
2000
$M

2001
$M

3,125
(2,020)
1,105

2,990
(3,025)
(35)

2
               -
2

504
(283)
221
1,293

2,263
(1,828)
435

1,509
(1,389)
120

3
(5)
(2)

381
(255)
126
679

4,066
(3,120)
946

2,535
(2,663)
(128)

1,829
(1,446)
383

1,364
(1,316)
48

3
(2)

5
(5)
1                -

579
(354)
225
1,044

342
(252)
90
521

7
(7)
               -

6
(5)
1

5
(6)
(1)

10
(10)
               -

2,874
(3,324)
(450)

2,029
(2,056)
(27)

2,736
(3,082)
(346)

1,759
(1,922)
(163)

19
(27)
(8)

71
(73)
(2)
(460)
833

14
(22)
(8)

47
(45)
2
(32)
647

33
(24)
9

67
(57)
10
(328)
716

14
(13)
1

35
(46)
(11)
(173)
348

In accordance with the accounting policy set out in Note 1(gg) the above trading derivative contract revaluations have

been presented on a gross basis on the balance sheet.

Unrealised gains on trading derivatives (Note 21)
Unrealised losses on trading derivatives (Note 27)
Net unrealised gains on trading derivatives

9,592
8,759
833

6,252
5,605
647

135

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 40 Superannuation Commitments

The Group sponsors a range of superannuation plans  for  its  employees  world  wide.  Details  of  major  defined  benefit

plans with assets in excess of $10 million are:

Name of Plan

Type

Form of Benefit

Date of Last Assessment

Officers’ Superannuation Fund (OSF)

Commonwealth Bank of Australia (UK)
Staff Benefits Scheme (CBA(UK)SBS)
The Colonial Group Staff Superannuation
Scheme (CGSSS)
Colonial UK Staff Pension Scheme
(CUKSPS)
Stewart Ivory & Company Limited
Retirement Benefits Scheme (SI&CRBS)

Defined Benefits and
Accumulation
Defined Benefits and
Accumulation
Defined Benefits and
Accumulation
Defined Benefits

Defined Benefits

Indexed pensions and
lump sums
Indexed pensions and
lump sums
Indexed pensions and
lump sums
Indexed pensions and
lump sums
Indexed pensions and
lump sums

30 June 2000

1 May 1999

30 June 1998

5 April 2000

1 September 1998

Financial Details of Defined Benefits Plans

Net Market Value of Assets
Present Value of Accrued Benefits
Difference between Net Market of Assets
and Present Value of Accrued Benefits
Difference as a percentage of plan assets
Value of Vested Benefits

OSF
$M

5,566
3,812

CBA

(UK) SBS CGSSS(1)(2) CUK SPS(3)
$M

$M

$M

126
60

610
310

341
312

SI&
CRBS
$M

24
22

Total
$M

6,667
4,516

     1,754                 66
52%
61

32%
3,812

          300
49%
337

           29                 2        2,151
32%
4,522

9%
292

8%
20

(1)

(2)

(3)

The  Colonial  Group  Staff  Superannuation  Scheme  values  include  the  values,  as  at  30  June  1996,  of  the  former
Prudential  Australia  Superannuation  Scheme,  the  Prudential  Australia  Superannuation  Scheme  No.  2  and  the
Prudential Australia Staff Pension Scheme. Members of these funds were transferred to the Colonial Scheme effective
1 April 1999.
The Colonial Group Staff Superannuation Scheme values also include the values, as at 30 June 1999, of the former
Trust  Bank  Staff  Superannuation  Scheme.  Members  of  this  fund  were  transferred  to  the  Colonial  Scheme  effective
30 June 2000.
The Colonial UK life insurance business was sold in June 2000, which will result in a significant portion of these vested
benefits being transferred out of this plan. An actuarial assessment is currently in progress. Initial indications are that
there may be a small deficit in the scheme; however, this deficit would be immaterial in a Group context.

from
The  above  values  have  been  extracted 
financial  statements  and  actuarial  assessments  of  each
plan  which  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with
relevant  accounting  and  actuarial  standards  and
practices.

Contributions

For  the  plans  listed  in  the  above  table,  entities  of
the  Group  contribute 
in
the 
accordance with the Trust Deeds  following  the receipt of
actuarial advice.

respective  plans 

to 

With the exception of contributions relating to salary
sacrifice  benefits,  the  Bank  ceased  contributions  to  the
OSF  from  8  July  1994.  Further,  the  Bank  ceased
contributions  to  the  OSF  relating  to  salary  sacrifice
benefits from 1 July 1997.

An actuarial assessment of the OSF, as at 30 June
2000  was  completed  during  the  year  ended  30  June
2001.  In  line  with  the  actuarial  advice  contained  in  the
assessment, 
to  make
contributions  to  the  OSF  until  after  consideration  of  the
next  actuarial  assessment  of  the  OSF  as  at  30  June
2003.

the  Bank  does  not 

intend 

No  employer  contributions  were  made 

the
CGSSS during the year and the Bank does not intend to
make contributions to the CGSSS until after consideration
of  the  next  actuarial  assessment  of  CGSSS.  Further,
contributions  ceased  to  the  CGSSS  relating  to  salary
sacrifice benefits from 1 July 1999.

to 

Transfer Offer

During  the  year,  the  Group  provided  members  of
the  defined  benefit  divisions  of 
the  OSF  with  an
opportunity  to  voluntarily  move  their  superannuation  to
the  accumulation  division.  This  resulted  in  $965  million
(26%) of defined benefit liabilities being transferred to the
accumulation division.

136

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 41 Controlled Entities

Entity Name

AUSTRALIA
(a) Banking
     Commonwealth Bank of Australia
     Controlled Entities:
     Commonwealth Development Bank of Australia Limited
     CBA Investments Limited
     CBA Specialised Financing Limited
     Share Investments Pty Limited
     CBA Investments (No 2) Pty Limited
     CBA International Finance Pty Limited
     CBCL Australia Limited
     CBFC Limited
     Collateral Leasing Pty Limited
     Commonwealth Securities Limited
     Homepath Pty Limited
     Chullora Equity Investments (No.2) Pty Limited *
     Chullora Equity Investments (No.3) Pty Limited *
     Commonwealth Insurance Limited
     Commonwealth Investments Pty Limited *
     Commonwealth Property Limited
     Infravest (No. 2) Limited
     Commonwealth Fleet Lease Pty Limited
     Micropay Pty Limited
     Retail Investor Pty Limited
     Sparad (no. 20) Pty Limited
     Sparad (no. 24) Pty Limited
     Colonial Employee Share Plan Limited
     Colonial Finance Limited
     Colonial Financial Services Pty Limited
     CST Securitisation Management Limited
     Emerald Holding Company Limited

(b) Life Insurance and Funds Management
     Commonwealth Custodial Services Limited
     Commonwealth Insurance Holdings Limited
       Commonwealth Life Limited
     CLL Investments Limited
     CIF (Hazelwood) Pty Limited
     Commonwealth Investment Services Limited Group
       Commonwealth Investment Services Limited
       Commonwealth Managed Investments Limited
       CISL (Hazelwood) Pty Limited
     Commonwealth Funds Management Limited Group
       Commonwealth Funds Management Limited
       CFM (ADF) Limited
       CFML Nominees Pty Limited
       Commonwealth Diversified Credit Fund (1)
     CMG Asia Pty Limited
     CMG First State Investment Managers (Asia) Limited
     Colonial AFS Services Pty Limited
     Colonial Financial Corporation Limited
     Colonial First State Investments Group Limited
     Colonial First State Managed Services Limited
     Colonial First State Property Limited
     Colonial Holding Company Pty Limited
     Colonial Holding Company (No.2) Pty Limited
     Colonial Insurance Services Pty Limited
     Colonial International Holdings Pty Limited
     Colonial Investments Holding Pty Limited
     Colonial Investment Services Limited
     Colonial LGA Holdings Limited
     Colonial Mutual Funds Limited
     The Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Limited
     Colonial Mutual Superannuation Pty Limited

137

Incorporated in

Extent of
Beneficial
Interest if
not 100%

Australia

Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia

Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia

Australia
Australia
Australia

Australia
Australia
Australia

Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 41 Controlled Entities continued

Entity Name

(b) Life Insurance and Funds Management continued
     Colonial PCA Holdings Pty Limited
     Colonial PCA Services Limited
     Colonial Portfolio Services Limited
     Colonial Promotions Pty Limited
     Colonial Services Pty Limited
     Comsec Trading Limited
     Jacques Martin Pty Limited

NEW ZEALAND
(a) Banking
     ASB Group Limited
       ASB Bank Limited
       ASB Finance Limited
       ASB Management Services Limited
       ASB Properties Limited
       ASB Superannuation Nominees Limited
     CBA Funding (NZ) Limited
(b) Life Insurance and Funds Management
     ASB Group Limited
       ASB Life Limited
          Sovereign Limited
     Colonial First State Investment Managers (NZ) Limited
     Colonial First State Investments (NZ) Limited
     Colonial Holding Company NZ Limited
     Colonial Life (NZ) Limited
     Colonial Service Corporation New Zealand Limited

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Incorporated in

Extent of
Beneficial
Interest if
not 100%

Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia

New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand

New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand

Singapore
United Kingdom
USA

USA
USA
USA
Hong Kong
United Kingdom
Japan
Hong Kong
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Fiji
Indonesia

OTHER OVERSEAS
(a) Banking
     CBA Asia Limited
     CBA (Europe) Finance Limited
     CBA (Delaware) Finance Incorporated
     Central Real Estate Holdings Group
       Central Real Estate Holdings Corporation
       Wilshire 10880 Corporation
       Wilshire 10960 Corporation
     CTB Australia Limited
     Senator House Investments (UK) Limited (2)
     Commonwealth Securities (Japan) Pty Limited
     SBV Asia Limited
     Colonial (UK) Trustees Limited
     Colonial Finance (UK) Limited
     National Bank of Fiji Limited
     PT Bank Commonwealth
(b) Life Insurance and Funds Management
     CMG Asia Life Holdings Limited
     CMG Asia Limited
     CMG Asia Pensions and Retirements Limited
     CMG First State Investments (Hong Kong) Limited
     CMG First State Singapore Limited
     CMG Life Insurance Co Inc
     Colonial Fiji Life Limited
     Colonial First State International Assets Limited
     Colonial First State Investments (Fiji) Limited
     Colonial First State Investment Managers (UK) Limited
     Colonial Healthcare (Fiji) Limited
     Colonial Services (Fiji) Limited
     Colonial First State UK Holdings Limited
     Stewart Ivory Holdings Limited
     CMG Holdings (Thailand) Co. Ltd
Non-operating and minor operating controlled entities and investment vehicles holding policyholder assets are excluded from
the above list.
(1) Wholly owned unit trust.
(2) Wholly owned subsidiary of CBA International Finance Pty Limited.
*

Bermuda
Bermuda
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Singapore
Philippines
Fiji
United Kingdom
Fiji
United Kingdom
Fiji
Fiji
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Thailand

74

51

Small proprietory companies not requiring audit.

138

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 42 Investments in Associated Entities and Joint Ventures

Extent of Principal Activities

GROUP Ownership

2001 2000
$M

$M

Interest
%

Balance
Date

EDS (Australia) Pty Limited
IPAC Securities Limited (1)
PT Bank BII Commonwealth (2)
Electronic Financial Technologies Pty Ltd (1)

238
-
-
-

238
23
10
-

Computer Fleet Management
Property Internet PLC

Alliance Group Holdings
Cyberlynx Procurement Services
EON CMG Life Assurance Bhd
PT Astra CMG Life
Ayudhya CMG Life Assurance PLC
China Life CMG Life Assurance Company
Limited
Bao Minh CMG Life Insurance Company
CMG Mahon (China) Investment Management
Limited
Mahon and Associates Limited
CMG CH China Funds Management Limited
Avanteos Pty Ltd
Colonial First State Private Ltd (2) (3)
Jacques Martin Industry Funds Administration
Pty Limited (’JMIFA’)
TOTAL

3
5

2
1
16
9
61
36

6
-

-
-
22
-
1

5
8

2
-
13
7
48
35

5
-

-
-
-
4
5

400

403

35
50
50
50

50
24

33
30
40
50
48
49

50
50

50
50
50
50
50

30 June
31 December
30 June

Information Technology Services 31 December
Funds Manager
Banking in Indonesia
Financial Technology
Development
Desktop IT Lease Management 30 June
Online residential property
information provider
Receivables Management
Procurement Services
Life insurance - Malaysia
Life insurance - Indonesia
Life insurance - Thailand
Life insurance - China

30 June
30 June
31 December
31 December
31 December
31 December

31 March

Life insurance - Vietnam
Direct investment in China

31 December
30 June

Investment management
Investment management
Technology and Development
Investment management
Industry superannuation

30 June
31 March
31 December
30 June
30 June

(1)

(2)

(3)

Sold during financial year 2001.
The  Group  acquired  control  during  the  financial  year  2001.  These  investments  are  now  consolidated  in  the  Group
accounts.
Changed its name from Hambro Gratham Ltd following the Group’s acquisition of the remaining 50%.

The  Group  also  holds  investments  in  the  Colonial
First State Property Trust Group and Colonial Mastertrust
Wholesale  equity  funds  (including  the  Fixed  Interest,
International  Share,  Property
Australian  Share, 
Securities,  Capital  Stable,  Balanced  and  Diversified
Growth  funds)  through  controlled  life  insurance  entities
which are not accounted for under the equity accounting
method.

Instead,  the  market  values  for  these  investments
are calculated at balance date and are brought to account
at  this  value  in  compliance  with  the  requirements  of
AASB 1038: Life Insurance Business. These investments
are  classified  as  property  or  equity  investments  and  are
not material components of these asset categories.

Share of associates' profits (losses) after notional goodwill amortisation
  Operating profits (losses) before income tax
  Income tax expense
  Operating profits (losses) after income tax

Carrying amount of investments in associated entities
  Opening balance
  New investments
  Disposals / transfers
  Writedown value of investments
  Fair value adjustments
  Investments arising from Colonial Acquisition
  Share of associates' profits (losses)
  Foreign exchange adjustment
  Closing Balance

139

2001
$M

(4)
-
(4)

403
39
(16)
(2)
(20)
-
(4)
-
400

GROUP
2000
$M

(1)
-
(1)

281
10
-
-
-
117
(1)
(4)
403

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 43 Standby Arrangements and Unused Credit Facilities
(of controlled entities that are borrowing corporations)

  Financing arrangements accessible
       Bank overdraft
       Revolving credit
       Other

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Available

2001
$M
Unused

51
100
29
180

22
               -
29
51

Available

964
480
560
2,004

GROUP
2000
$M
Unused

553
400
1
954

Bank  overdraft  facilities  ($913  million),  revolving  credit  facilities  ($380  million)  and  other  facilities  of  ($559  million)

relating to Colonial were cancelled 29 June 2001.

NOTE 44 Related Party Disclosures

Directors

The  name  of  each  person  holding  the  position  of
Director  of  the  Commonwealth  Bank  during  the  financial
year is:

J T Ralph, AC
J M Schubert
D V Murray
N R Adler, AO
R J Clairs, AO
A B Daniels, OAM
C R Galbraith
W G Kent, AO
F D Ryan
F J Swan
B K Ward
A C Booth
K E Cowley, AO

(Chairman)
(Deputy Chairman)
(Managing Director)

(retired 31 December 2000)
(retired 29 March 2001)

Details  of  remuneration  received  or  due  and

receivable by Directors are set out in Note 45.

Loans to Directors

Loans are made to Directors in the ordinary course
of  business  of  the  Bank  and  on  an  arm’s  length  basis.
Loans to Executive Directors have been made on normal
commercial terms and conditions.

to 

the  aggregate  amount  of 

Under  the  Australian  Securities  and  Investments
Commission Class Order referred to above, disclosure is
limited 
loans  made,
guaranteed or secured by:
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

the Bank to its Directors;
banks  which  are  controlled  entities 
Directors; and
non  bank  controlled  entities  to  Directors  (and  their
related parties) of those entities;
The aggregate amount of such loans outstanding at

their

to 

(cid:1) 

30 June 2001 was:
(cid:1) 
$50,000 
(2000: $1,850,527); and
$2,418,363 
(2000: $3,842,338).

to 

(cid:1) 

Directors 

of 

the 

Bank

to  Directors  of 

related  entities

Australian banks, parent entities of Australian banks
and  controlled  entities  of  Australian  banks  have  been
exempted,  subject  to  certain  conditions,  under  an  ASIC
Order  No.  98/110  dated  10  July  1998,  from  making
disclosures of any loan made, guaranteed or secured by
a  bank  to  related  parties  (other  than  directors)  and
financial  instrument  transactions  (other  than  shares  and
share options) of a bank where a director of the relevant
entity  is  not  a  party  and  where  the  loan  or  financial
instrument transaction is lawfully made and occurs in the
ordinary  course  of  banking  business  and  either  on  an
arm’s  length  basis  or  with  the  approval  of  a  general
meeting  of  the  relevant  entity  and  its  ultimate  parent
entity (if any). The exemption does not cover transactions
which  relate  to  the  supply  of  goods  and  services  to
a bank, other than financial assets or services.

The  Class  Order  does  not  apply  to  a  loan  or
financial instrument  transaction  which any director of the
relevant  entity  should  reasonably  be  aware  that  if  not
disclosed would have the potential to adversely affect the
decisions  made  by  users  of  the  financial  statements
about the allocation of scarce resources.

the  Australian  Securities  and 

A condition of the Class Order is that the Bank must
lodge  a  statutory  declaration,  signed  by  two  directors,
with 
Investments
the  annual  report.  The
Commission  accompanying 
declaration  provides  confirmation  that  the  bank  has
systems  of  internal  control  and  procedures  to  provide
assurance  that  any  financial  instrument  transactions  of
a bank  which  are  not  entered  into  on  an  arm’s  length
basis  are  drawn  to  the  attention  of  the  Directors  so  that
they may be disclosed.

140

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 44 Related Party Disclosures continued
The aggregate amount of such loans received and repayments made was:

Directors of the CBA
  Normal terms and conditions (1)
Directors of related entities
  Normal terms and conditions (2)

Loans Received
2000
$

2001
$

Repayments Made
2001
2000
$
$

                   -

                  -

318,000

63,418

3,693,546

132,356

2,482,653

354,517

(1)

(2)

Directors: K E Cowley, F D Ryan and B K Ward.
Directors: G J Judd, R J Norris, R Boven, P Polson, A Hanna, R G Wilkie, C B Millett, S Vuetaki, C Kamea, J Wong
and A V Villamor.

Shares of Directors

The aggregate number of shares acquired by, disposed of and held by Directors and their director related entities in

the Commonwealth Bank during the financial year ended 30 June 2001, were:

Director

J T Ralph
J M Schubert
D V Murray
N R Adler
R J Clairs
A B Daniels
C R Galbraith
W G Kent
F D Ryan
F J Swan
B K Ward
A C Booth (retired 31 December 2000)
K E Cowley (retired 29 March 2001)

Held
30 June 2000
Ordinary
11,192
9,914
50,387
9,543
10,000
11,823
3,874
7,519
4,000
1,922
1,837
1,131
8,000

Shares Acquired
Ordinary
1,066
947
501,916
611
334
778
495
371
334
441
420

693

Shares Disposed Of
Ordinary
-

(505,195)
(2,198)

(293)

(1,000)

Held
30 June 2001
Ordinary
12,258
10,861
47,108
7,956
10,334
12,601
4,369
7,890
4,334
2,070
2,257
n/a
n/a

Transactions other than Financial Instrument
Transactions of Banks
All other transactions with Directors, director related
entities  and  other  related  parties  are  conducted  on  an
arm’s length basis  in  the normal course of business and
on commercial  terms and  conditions.  These  transactions
principally 
financial  and
investment services by non bank controlled entities.

the  provision  of 

involve 

All  such  transactions 

that  have  occurred  with
Directors,  director  related  entities  and  other  related
parties have been trivial or domestic and were principally
in  the  nature  of  lodgement  or  withdrawal  of  deposit  and
superannuation monies.

Controlled Entities

Transactions  with  related  parties  in  the  Group  are
conducted on an arm’s length basis in the normal course
of  business  and  on  commercial  terms  and  conditions.
These transactions principally arise out of the provision of
banking services, the acceptance of funds on deposit, the
granting of loans and other associated financial activities.

All  shares  were  acquired  by  Directors  on  normal
terms  and  conditions  or  through  the  Non-Executive
Directors Share Plan (or in the case of Mr D V Murray the
Executive  Option  Plan).  Mr  D  V  Murray  exercised
500,000 options during the year, leaving his total holdings
of options at 1,500,000 under the Executive Option Plan.
For further details on the Non-Executive Directors Share
Plan and the Executive Option Plan refer Note 29.

Additionally,  Mr  J  T  Ralph  beneficially  holds
100,000  units  in  the  Commonwealth  Property  Trust,
a related entity.

Other Transactions of Directors and Other Related
Parties

Financial Instrument Transactions
Financial  instrument  transactions  (other  than  loans
and shares disclosed above) of Directors of the Bank and
other  banks  which  are  controlled  entities  occur  in  the
ordinary  course  of  business  of  the  banks  on  an  arm’s
length basis.

Under  the  Australian  Securities  and  Investments
Commission Class Order referred to above, disclosure of
financial 
transactions  regularly  made  by
a bank  is  limited  to  disclosure  of  such  transactions  with
a Director of the entity concerned.

instrument 

All such  financial  instrument transactions  that  have
occurred  between  the  banks  and  their  Directors  have
been trivial or domestic and were in the nature of normal
personal banking and deposit transactions.

141

Notes to the financial statements

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

NOTE 44 Related Party Disclosures continued

Support services are provided by the Bank such as
provision  of  premises  and/or  equipment,  availability  of
transfer  payment  and  accounting  facilities  through  data
processing etc, and are transfer charged to the respective
user entity at commercial rates.

Refer to Note 41 for details of controlled entities.
The  Bank’s  aggregate  investment  in  and  loans  to

controlled entities are disclosed in Note 18.

Amounts due to controlled  entities  are  disclosed  in

the balance sheet of the Bank.

Details of amounts paid to or received from related
parties, in the form of dividends or interest, are set out in
Note 3.

All 

transactions  between  Group  entities  are

eliminated on consolidation.

NOTE 45 Remuneration of Directors

Total amount received or due and receivable by non-executive Directors of the Company for the year ended 30 June

2001 was:

Non-Executive Directors
Mr J T Ralph, AC
Dr J M Schubert
Mr N R Adler, AO
Mr R J Clairs, AO
Mr A B Daniels, OAM
Mr F D Ryan
Mr F J Swan
Ms B K Ward
Mr W G Kent, AO
Mr C R Galbraith
Ms A C Booth (3)
Mr K E Cowley (4)

Executive Director
Mr D V Murray (refer Note 46)

Base Fee/Pay

Committee Fee Salary Sacrifice(2) Superannuation(1)

$

204,099
83,901
68,033
68,033
68,033
68,033
68,033
68,033
68,033
68,033
39,671
52,077

$

34,016
34,904
12,756
17,008
12,756
17,008
21,260
17,008
9,918
9,918
12,603
9,764

$

41,885
21,510
14,211
14,959
14,211
14,959
15,707
14,959
14,447
14,447
-
9,474

$

19,049
9,504
6,463
7,401
7,031
7,401
7,771
6,803
7,369
7,128
4,234
5,326

Total
Remuneration
$

299,049
149,819
101,463
107,401
102,031
107,401
112,771
106,803
99,767
99,526
56,508
76,641

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

The  Bank  is  currently  not  contributing  to  the  Officers’  Superannuation  Fund.  A  notional  cost  of  superannuation  has
been determined on an individual basis for certain of the Directors. Other Directors have superannuation contributions
made to other funds.
Under the Non-Executive Directors Share Plan detailed in the Explanatory Memorandum to the Notice of  Meeting for
the  2000  Annual  General  Meeting,  Non-Executive  Directors  are  required  to  receive  20%  of  their  remuneration  in
shares. This was implemented from the second quarter of the year. Also refer Note 29 for further details.
Ms Booth retired 31 December 2000.
Mr Cowley retired 29 March 2001.

142

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 45 Remuneration of Directors continued

Retirement Benefit

The aggregate amount of retirement benefits given by the Bank during the  year  ended  30  June  2001  was  $386,397
(2000: $667,073) being: a payment of $296,065 made to Ms A C Booth and; a payment of $90,332 made to Mr K E Cowley
in  accordance  with  the  Corporations  Act  2001  and  pursuant  to  the  Directors’  Retirement  Allowance  Scheme  approved  by
shareholders at the 1997 Annual General Meeting.

2001
$

BANK
2000
$

Total amount received or due and receivable by executive and non executive Directors
(includes accumulated benefits due to Directors who retired during the year)

4,115,750

3,761,277

The number of executive and non-executive Directors whose remuneration fell within these bands was:

Remuneration (Dollars)
10,000
0 - $
$
30,000
20,001 - $
$
80,001 - $
$
90,000
$
90,001 - $ 100,000
$ 100,001 - $ 110,000
$ 110,001 - $ 120,000
$ 120,001 - $ 130,000
$ 140,001 - $ 150,000
$ 160,001 - $ 170,000
$ 220,001 - $ 230,000
$ 290,001 - $ 300,000
$ 350,001 - $ 360,000
$ 730,001 - $ 740,000
$2,040,000 - $2,049,999
$2,310,000 - $2,319,999

Number
-
-
-
2
5
1
-
1
1 **
-
1
1 ***
-
-
1
13

Number
2
2
2
2
2
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1 *
1
-
14

Remuneration includes retirement payment to Mr M A Besley who retired on 28 October 1999.
Remuneration includes retirement payment to Mr K E Cowley who retired on 29 March 2001.

*
**
*** Remuneration includes retirement payment to Ms A C Booth who retired on 31 December 2000.

Total amount received or due and receivable by executive
and non executive Directors of the Bank and controlled entities

2001
$

GROUP
2000
$

11,194,438

6,202,912

143

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 46 Remuneration of Executives

The following table shows remuneration  for the executive director and  five highest paid other members of  the senior
executive team directly reporting to the Managing Director, who were officers of the Bank and the Group for the year ended
30 June 2001. The table does not include individuals, who are not direct reports to the Managing Director, whose incentive
based remuneration in any given year may be in excess of that received by a member of the senior executive team.

Senior Executive Team

Name & Position

D V Murray
Managing Director & CEO
P L Polson
Head of Colonial First State
Investments Group
M A Katz
Head of Institutional Banking
M J Ullmer
Group General Manager
Financial & Risk Management
J F Mulcahy
Head of Australian Financial
Services
R J Norris
Head of International
Financial Services &
Managing Director & CEO of
ASB Group

Base Pay(1)

Bonus(2)
Paid Vested
This in CBA
Year Shares
$
1,450,000 450,000 300,000

$

$

Superann-

Total
uation(3) Compensation(4) Remuneration

Other

Option
Grant(5)

Share
Grant(5)

$
99,773

$
10,400

$
2,310,173

Number
- (6)

Number
- (6)

600,000 550,000

-

144,480

456,000

1,750,480

100,000

16,800

750,000 336,000 224,000

67,500

10,400

1,387,900

125,000

20,900

735,000 276,000 184,000

132,300

10,400

1,337,700

125,000

20,900

700,000 246,000 164,000

63,000

10,400

1,183,400

125,000

20,900

680,000 350,000

-

n/a

n/a

1,030,000

125,000

20,900

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Base  pay  is  calculated  on  a  Total  Cost  basis  and
includes  any  FBT  charges  related  to  employee
benefits including motor vehicles.
For  the  2000/2001  payment  and  future  bonus
payments,  the  Group  has  implemented  a  vesting
(deferral)  arrangement 
for  most  executives.
A portion of the bonus payment is paid immediately
and the remaining portion is deferred and vested in
the Bank’s shares. Half of the shares will vest after
one year (in 2002) and half will vest after two years
(in 2003). In the event of resignation from the Group
before  the  vesting  dates,  unvested  shares  will
lapse.
The  Bank  is  currently  not  contributing 
to  the
Officers’  Superannuation  Fund  or  to  the  Colonial
Group  Staff  Superannuation  Scheme  – 
refer
Note 40. Notional cost of superannuation has been
determined  on  an 
for  each
executive.
Other compensation includes, where applicable, car
parking (including FBT) and other payments.
Option  Grants  are  a  right  to  subscribe  for  ordinary
shares  at  an  exercise  price  which  is  the  Market
Value  (defined  as  the  weighted  average  of  the
prices  at  which  the  Bank’s  ordinary  shares  were
traded  on  the  ASX  during  the  one  week  period
before  the  Commencement  Date)  plus  a  premium
representing the time value component of the value
of options (based on the actual differences between
the  dividend  and  bond  yields  at  the  date  of  the
vesting  of  the  right  to  exercise  the  options).  Share
Grants are awarded under the Equity Reward Plan.

individual  basis 

(6)

144

in 

(broadly,  growth 

Shares  are  registered  in  the  name  of  the  Trustee.
No consideration is payable by the executive for the
grant  of  shares.  The  transfer  of  legal  title  to  the
executive  is  subject  to  vesting  conditions.  The
ability  to  exercise  options  and  the  vesting  of  the
shares  is  conditional  on  the  Bank  achieving  a
prescribed  performance  hurdle.  To  reach 
the
performance  hurdle,  the  Bank’s  Total  Shareholder
Return 
in  share  price  plus
dividends  reinvested)  over  a  minimum  three  year
period,  must  equal  or  exceed  the  index  of  Total
Shareholder  Return  achieved  by  companies
represented 
the  ASX  Banks  and  Finance
Accumulation  Index,  excluding  the  Bank.  If  the
performance hurdle is not reached within that three
years, the options and shares may nevertheless be
exercisable  or  vest  as  appropriate  only  where  the
hurdle  is  subsequently  reached  within  five  years
from the Commencement Date.  If  the  performance
hurdle is not met, the options will have nil value and
the shares will be forfeited. The options and shares
are  subject 
the
achievement 
uncertain.  The
approximate value of options and shares at the time
of grant was $4.50 and $27 respectively. For further
details on the Executive Option Plan and the Equity
Reward Plan refer Note 29.
At  the  2000  Annual  General  Meeting  shareholders
approved  that,  prior  to  the  2001  Annual  General
Meeting,  the  Managing  Director  be  invited  to  take
up no more than 250,000 options and be given the
right  to  acquire  up  to  42,000  shares  under  the
Equity Reward Plan.

to  a  performance  hurdle, 
is 
of  which 

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 46 Remuneration of Executives continued

The following table shows the number of executives whose remuneration fell within the stated bands:

2001
 Number

GROUP
2000
 Number

2001
 Number

BANK
2000
 Number

Remuneration (Dollars)

$   100,000
$   290,000
$   310,000
$   320,000
$   350,000
$   370,000
$   420,000
$   450,000
$   460,000
$   510,000
$   520,000
$   530,000
$   540,000
$   550,000
$   570,000
$   600,000
$   650,000
$   690,000
$   720,000
$   770,000
$   780,000
$   790,000
$   820,000
$   850,000
$   890,000
$   970,000
$1,030,000
$1,150,000
$1,180,000
$1,240,000
$1,290,000
$1,330,000
$1,380,000
$1,500,000
$1,750,000
$1,870,000
$2,040,000
$2,050,000
$2,310,000

- $   109,999
- $   299,999
- $   319,999
- $   329,999
- $   359,999
- $   379,999
- $   429,999
- $   459,999
- $   469,999
- $   519,999
- $   529,999
- $   539,999
- $   549,999
- $   559,999
- $   579,999
- $   609,999
- $   659,999
- $   699,999
- $   729,999
- $   779,999
- $   789,999
- $   799,999
- $   829,999
- $   859,999
- $   899,999
- $   979,999
- $1,039,999
- $1,159,999
- $1,189,999
- $1,249,999
- $1,299,999
- $1,339,999
- $1,389,999
- $1,509,999
- $1,759,999
- $1,879,999
- $2,049,999
- $2,059,999
- $2,319,999

Total number of executives

1
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
2
1
-
-
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
25

-
1
-
-
1
1
1
-
1
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
1
-
2
-
1
1
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
20

1
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
2
1
-
-
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
25

-
1
-
-
1
1
1
-
1
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
1
-
2
-
1
1
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
20

145

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 46 Remuneration of Executives continued

Total amount received or due and receivable by
executives (includes accumulated benefits due
to executives who retired, resigned or were
retrenched during the year).

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$

GROUP
2000
$

2001
$

BANK
2000
$

23,897,371 (1) 15,714,200

23,897,371 (1) 15,714,200

(1)

Includes relevant executives from the combined Group, including Colonial. The comparative figure relates to the Group
before acquisition of Colonial.

An  executive 

is  a  person  who 

is  directly
accountable and responsible to the Managing Director, or
is  a  Group  employee  responsible  for  the  strategic
direction  and  management  of  major  businesses  or  risk
portfolios.

Remuneration  is  based  on  amounts  paid  and

accrued in respect of the financial year.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

The Group’s Policy in respect of executives is that:
Remuneration  will  be  competitively  set  so  that  the
Group  can  attract,  motivate  and  retain  high  quality
local and international executive staff;
Remuneration  will 
to  a  significant
degree,  variable  pay  for  performance  elements,
focused  as
both  short 
appropriate, which will:
(cid:1) 

reward  executives  for  Group,  business  unit
and 
against
appropriate benchmarks/goals,

performance 

incorporate, 

term  and 

individual 

term 

long 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

align  the  interests of executives  with  those  of
shareholders,
link  executive  reward  with  the  strategic  goals
and performance of the Group, and
ensure  total  remuneration  is  competitive  by
market standards;

Remuneration  will  be  reviewed  annually  by  the
Remuneration  Committee  through  a  process  that
individual
considers  Group,  business  unit  and 
performance, relevant comparative remuneration  in
the  market  and  internal  and,  where  appropriate,
external advice on policies and practices;
Remuneration  systems  will  complement  and
reinforce  the  Group’s  leadership  and  succession
planning systems; and
terms  and  conditions  of
Remuneration  and 
employment  will  be  specified 
individual
in  an 
contract of employment and signed by the executive
and the Bank.

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

146

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 47 Statements of Cash Flow

2001
$M

2000
$M

GROUP
1999
$M

2001
$M

BANK
2000
$M

Note (a) Reconciliation of Cash

For the purposes of the Statements of Cash Flows, cash includes cash at bankers, money at short call, at call deposits

with other financial institutions and settlement account balances with other banks.

Notes, coins and cash at bankers
Other short term liquid assets
Receivables due from other financial institutions - at call
Payables due to other financial institutions - at call
Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of year

1,048
544
458
(2,012)
38

980
370
1,174
(1,138)
1,386

784
238
912
(2,491)
(557)

830
339
262
(1,851)
(420)

680
198
986
(1,016)
848

Note (b) Cash Flows presented on a Net Basis

Cash  flows  arising  from  the  following  activities  are
presented on a net basis in the Statement of Cash Flows:
(cid:1) 
customer deposits  to and  withdrawals  from  deposit
accounts;

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

borrowings  and  repayments  on  loans,  advances
and other receivables;
sales and purchases of trading securities; and
proceeds  from  and  repayment  of  short  term  debt
issues.

Note (c) Reconciliation of Operating Profit After
Income Tax to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Operating profit after income tax
Decrease (increase) in interest receivable
Increase in interest payable
Net (increase) decrease in trading securities
Net (gain)/loss on sale of investment securities
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Depreciation and amortisation
Other provisions
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable
(Decrease) increase in deferred income taxes payable
(Increase) decrease in future income tax benefits
Amortisation of premium on investment securities
Unrealised gain on revaluation of trading securities
Change in excess of net market value over net assets of life
insurance controlled entities
Other assets
Other
Net Cash provided by Operating Activities

2001
$M

2,412
159
(278)
(262)
(56)
385
488
(692)
(371)
(97)
209
24
(186)

2000
$M

2,738
(948)
558
(50)
(12)
196
175
528
248
319
(218)
47
(188)

(474)

(1,165)
400                -
174
259
1,835
2,487

GROUP
1999
$M

2001
$M

1,446
(1)
(35)
(408)
(79)
247
192
68
261
50
(8)
206
57

1,699
7
(38)
171
(84)
276
127
(230)
(343)
(9)
(46)
24
(377)
216                -
               -
               -
(19)
1,158

               -
               -
(36)
2,176

BANK
2000
$M

1,116
(158)
176
(892)
(7)
191
127
156
(185)
364
(238)
112
48
(188)
               -
               -
(11)
611

Note (d) Non cash Financing and Investing Activities

Shares  issued  under  the  Dividend  Reinvestment  Plan  $313  million  (2000:  $253  million)  and  Employee  Share

Acquisition Plan - $40 million (2000: $24 million). Acquisition of entity by means of an equity issue nil (2000: $9,274 million).

147

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 47 Statements of Cash Flow continued

Note (e) Acquisition of Controlled Entities

Consideration
Cash paid on acquisitions
Transaction costs
Securities issued
Pre-acquisition dividend received

Fair value of net tangible assets acquired
Cash & liquid assets
Receivables from other financial institutions
Trading securities
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables
Bank acceptances of customers
Life insurance investment assets
Deposits with regulatory authorities
Property, plant and equipment
Investment in associates
Other assets
Deposits and public borrowings
Payables due to other financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Income tax liability
Other provisions
Life insurance policy liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities
Loan Capital
Restructuring provision
Outside equity interest

Excess market value over net assets of life insurance subsidiary
Goodwill

Outflow (inflows) of cash on acquisitions
Cash payments
Transaction costs
Less cash and cash equivalents acquired
Pre-acquisition dividend received

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

2001
$M

418
                  -
                  -
                  -
418

4
26
501
                  -
2,812
                  -
76
                  -
42
                  -
109
(2,108)
(601)
                  -
                  -
(3)
(75)
(599)
(64)
                  -
                  -
(12)
108
51
259
418

418
                  -
(4)
                  -
414

2000
$M

844
46
9,274
(1,000)
9,164

373
538
2,154
99
21,635
477
15,504
43
382
117
2,228
(13,123)
(267)
(477)
(702)
(398)
(14,960)
(8,678)
(2,886)
(418)
(294)
(155)
1,192
2,548
5,424
9,164

1999
$M

205
                 -
                 -
                 -
205

9
                 -
                 -
260
671
                 -
                 -
                 -
4
                 -
28
(460)
                 -
                 -
                 -
(4)
(358)
                 -
(72)
                 -
                 -
(28)
50
155
                 -
205

844
46
(373)
(1,000)
(483)

205
                 -
(9)
                 -
196

Note (f) Financing Facilities

Standby  funding  lines  with  overseas  banks  as  at  30  June  2001  amounted  to  AUD  equivalent  $29  million

(2000: $29 million).

148

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 48 Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

These  amounts  represent  estimates  of  net  fair
values at a point  in time. Significant estimates  regarding
economic conditions, loss experience, risk characteristics
associated with particular financial instruments and other
factors  were  used  for  the  purposes  of  this  disclosure.
These  estimates  are  subjective  in  nature  and  involve
matters  of 
they  cannot  be
determined  with  precision.  Changes  in  the  assumptions
could have a material impact on the amounts estimated.

judgment.  Therefore, 

to 

represent  estimates  at  which 

While  the  estimated  net  fair  value  amounts  are
designed 
these
instruments could be exchanged in a current  transaction
between  willing  parties,  many  of  the  Group’s  financial
instruments 
trading  market  as
characterised by willing parties engaging in an exchange
transaction. In addition, it is the Bank’s intent to hold most
of  its  financial  instruments  to  maturity  and  therefore  it  is
not  probable  that  the  net  fair  values  shown  will  be
realised in a current transaction.

lack  an  available 

The  estimated  net  fair  values  disclosed  do  not
reflect  the  value  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  not
considered financial instruments. In addition, the value of
long-term  relationships  with  depositors  (core  deposit
intangibles) and other customers (credit card intangibles)
are not reflected. The value of these items is significant.

Because of the  wide range of valuation  techniques
and the numerous estimates which must be made, it may
be difficult to make reasonable comparisons of the Bank’s
net  fair  value  information  with  that  of  other  financial
institutions.  It  is  important  that  the  many  uncertainties
discussed  above  be  considered  when  using 
the
estimated  net  fair  value  disclosures  and  to  realise  that
because  of  these  uncertainties,  the  aggregate  net  fair
in  no  way  be  construed  as
value  amount  should 
representative  of 
the
Commonwealth Bank of Australia.

the  underlying 

value  of 

Assets
Cash and liquid assets
Receivables due from other financial institutions
Trading securities
Investment securities
Loans, advances and other receivables
Bank acceptances of customers
Life insurance investment assets
Deposit accounts with regulatory authorities
Other assets

Liabilities
Deposits and other public borrowings
Payables due to other financial institutions
Bank acceptances
Life insurance policy liabilities
Debt issues
Bills payable and other liabilities
Loan Capital
Asset and liability hedges - unrealised gains/(losses)
(Refer Note 39)

Carrying
Value
$M

3,709
4,622
6,909
9,705
136,059
12,075
31,213
61
13,876

117,355
6,903
12,075
27,029
24,484
13,806
5,704
            -

2001
Net Fair
Value
$M

3,709
4,622
6,909
9,821
137,004
12,075
31,213
61
14,213

117,862
6,903
12,075
27,029
25,308
13,940
5,828
(213)

Carrying
Value
$M

2,575
5,154
7,347
9,149
132,263
11,107
27,036
46
16,198

112,594
4,633
11,107
25,282
25,275
11,490
5,299
-

2000
Net Fair
Value
$M

2,575
5,154
7,347
9,149
133,257
11,107
27,036
46
16,631

112,993
4,633
11,107
25,282
25,321
11,646
5,106
(253)

The net fair value estimates were determined by the following methodologies and assumptions:

Liquid assets and bank acceptances of customers

Loans, advances and other receivables

The  carrying  values  of  cash  and  liquid  assets,
receivables due from other financial institutions and bank
acceptances  of  customers  approximate  their  net  fair
value  as  they  are  short  term  in  nature  or  are  receivable
on demand.

Securities

Trading securities are carried at net market/net fair
value and  investment  securities  have  their  net  fair  value
determined  based  on  quoted  market  prices,  broker  or
dealer price quotations.

The  carrying  value  of  loans,  advances  and  other
receivables  is  net  of  general  and  specific  provisions  for
doubtful debts and interest/fees reserved.

For  variable  rate  loans,  excluding  impaired  loans,
the  carrying  amount  is  a  reasonable  estimate  of  net  fair
value.  The  net  fair  value  for  fixed  rate  loans  was
calculated  by  utilising  discounted  cash  flow  models
(i.e. the net present value of  the portfolio  future  principal
and  interest  cash  flows),  based  on  the  maturity  of  the
loans.  The  discount  rates  applied  were  based  on  the
current benchmark rate offered for the average remaining
term of the portfolio plus an add-on of the average credit
margin of the existing portfolio, where appropriate.

149

Notes to the financial statements

NOTE 48 Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments continued

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

For  those  debt  issues  where  quoted  market  prices
were  not  available,  a  discounted  cash  flow  model  using
a yield curve appropriate to the remaining maturity of the
instrument was used.

All other financial liabilities
This  category 

includes 

interest  payable  and
unrealised  expenses  payable  for  which  the  carrying
amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of net
fair  value.  For  liabilities  which  are  long  term,  net  fair
values  have  been  estimated  using  the  rates  currently
offered for similar liabilities with remaining maturities.

Other  provisions  including  provision  for  dividend,
income  tax  liability  and  unamortised  receipts  are  not
considered financial instruments.

Asset and liability hedges

Net fair value of asset and liability hedges is based
on  quoted  market  prices,  broker  or  dealer  price
quotations.

Commitments to extend credit, letters of credit,
guarantees, warranties and indemnities issued

The net fair value of these items was not calculated
as  estimated  fair  values  are  not  readily  ascertainable.
These financial instruments generally relate to credit risk
and  attract  fees  in  line  with  market  prices  for  similar
arrangements. They are not presently sold or traded. The
items generally do not involve cash payments other than
in the event of default. The fee pricing is set as part of the
broader  customer  credit  process  and 
the
probability  of  default.  The  net 
fair  value  may  be
represented by the present value of fees expected to be
received, less associated costs. The overall level of fees
involved is not material.

reflects 

Other off-balance sheet financial instruments

trading  and 
(foreign  exchange 

The  net  fair  value  of 
contracts 

investment
derivative 
contracts,
currency swaps, exchange rate futures, currency options,
forward  rate  agreements,  interest  rate  swaps,  interest
rate  futures,  interest  rate  options),  were  obtained  from
quoted  market  prices,  discounted  cash  flow  models  or
option pricing models as appropriate.

The fair value of these instruments are disclosed in

Note 39.

The net fair value of impaired loans was calculated
by  discounting  expected  cash  flows  using  a  rate  which
includes a premium for the uncertainty of the flows.

For  shares  in  companies,  the  estimated  net  fair

values are based on quoted market prices.

Life Insurance Investment Assets & Policy Liabilities

Life  insurance  investment assets are carried at  net
fair value. Life insurance policy liabilities are measured on
a net present value basis. This treatment is in accordance
with  accounting  standard  AASB  1038:  Life  Insurance
Business.

Statutory deposits with central banks

In  Australia,  and  several  other  countries  in  which
the  Group  operates,  the  law  requires  that  the  Group
lodge  regulatory  deposits  with  the  local  central  bank  at
a rate  of  interest  below  that  generally  prevailing  in  that
market. The net fair value is assumed to be equal to the
carrying  value  as  the  Group  is  only  able  to  continue  as
a going concern with the maintenance of these deposits.

All other financial assets

income, 

Included  in  this  category  are 

fees  receivable,
in  associates  of
investments 
unrealised 
$400 million  (2000:  $403  million),  and  excess  of  net
market value over net assets  of  life  insurance  controlled
entities of $5,136 million (2000: $4,322 million), where the
carrying  amount  is  considered  to  be  a  reasonable
estimate of net fair value.

Other  financial  assets  are  net  of  goodwill,  future
tax  benefits  and  prepayments/unamortised
financial

these  do  not  constitute  a 

income 
payments  as 
instrument.

Deposits and other public borrowings

The  net  fair  value  of  non  interest  bearing,  call  and
variable  rate  deposits,  and  fixed  rate  deposits  repricing
within  six  months,  is  the  carrying  value  as  at  30  June.
Discounted  cash  flow  models  based  upon  deposit  type
and  its  related  maturity,  were  used  to  calculate  the  net
fair value of other term deposits.

Short term liabilities

The  carrying  value  of  payables  due  to  other
financial  institutions  and  bank  acceptances  approximate
their  net  fair  value  as  they  are  short  term  in  nature  and
reprice frequently.

Debt issues and loan capital

The  net  fair  values  of  debt  issues  and  loan  capital
were  calculated  based  on  quoted  market  prices  as  at
30 June.

150

Directors’ Declaration

In accordance with a resolution of the directors of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, we state that in the opinion of

the Directors:

(a)

(b)

the financial statements and notes of the Bank and of  the Group are in  accordance  with  the  Corporations  Act  2001,
including:
(i)

giving  a  true  and  fair  view  of  the  Bank’s  and  the  Group’s  financial  position  as  at  30  June  2001  and  of  their
performance for the year ended on that date; and
complying with Accounting Standards and Corporations Regulations 2001; and

(ii)
there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Bank will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and
payable.

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors.

J T Ralph AC

Chairman

22 August 2001

D V Murray

Managing Director

151

Independent Audit Report

To the members of Commonwealth Bank of Australia

Matters relating to the Electronic Presentation of the Audited Financial Report
This audit report relates to the Financial Report of Commonwealth Bank of Australia for the year
ended 30 June 2001 included on Bank’s web site.  The Bank’s directors are responsible for the
integrity  of  the  Commonwealth  Bank’s  web  site.    The  audit  report  refers  only  to  the  statements
named  below.    It  does  not  provide  an  opinion  on  any  other  information  which  may  have  been
hyperlinked to/from these statements.  If users of this report are concerned with the inherent risks
arising  from  electronic  data  communications  they  are  advised  to  refer  to  the  hard  copy  of  the
audited  Financial  Report  to  confirm  the  information  included  in  the  audited  Financial  Report
presented on this web site.

Scope
We have audited the Financial Report of Commonwealth Bank of Australia for the financial year
ended  30  June  2001,  as  set  out  on  pages  50  to  151,  including  the  Directors’  Declaration.    The
Financial  Report  includes  the  financial  statements  of  Commonwealth  Bank  of  Australia  and  the
consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  economic  entity  comprising  the  Bank  and  the  entities  it
controlled at year’s end or from time to time during the financial year.  The Bank's directors are
responsible for the Financial Report.  We have conducted an independent audit of the Financial
Report in order to express an opinion on it to the members of the Bank.

Our  audit  has  been  conducted  in  accordance  with  Australian  Auditing  Standards  to  provide
reasonable  assurance  whether  the  Financial  Report  is  free  of  material  misstatement.    Our
procedures included examination, on a test basis, of evidence supporting the amounts and other
disclosures  in  the  Financial  Report,  and  the  evaluation  of  accounting  policies  and  significant
accounting  estimates.    These  procedures  have  been  undertaken  to  form  an  opinion  as  to
whether,  in  all  material  respects,  the  Financial  Report  is  presented  fairly  in  accordance  with
Accounting  Standards,  other  mandatory  professional  reporting  requirements  and  statutory
requirements,  so  as  to  present  a  view  which  is  consistent  with  our  understanding  of  the  Bank’s
and  the  Group’s  financial  position  and  performance  as  represented  by  the  results  of  their
operations and their cash flows.

The audit opinion expressed in this report has been formed on the above basis.

Audit Opinion
In our opinion, the financial report of Commonwealth Bank of Australia is in accordance with:

(a)the Corporations Act 2001 including:

(i)  giving a true and fair view of the Bank’s and the Group’s financial position as at 30 June

2001 and of their performance for the year ended on that date; and

(ii) complying with Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulation 2001; and

(b)other mandatory professional reporting requirements.

ERNST & YOUNG
Sydney

Date:  22 August 2001

S C Van Gorp

Partner

Shareholding Information

Top 20 Holders of Fully Paid Ordinary Shares as at 13 August 2001

Rank

Name of Holder

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Chase Manhattan Nominees Ltd
National Nominees Limited
Westpac Custodian Nominees
Citicorp Nominees Pty Ltd
AMP Life Limited
Commonwealth Custodial Services Limited
Queensland Investment Corporation Limited
ANZ Nominees Limited
Perpetual Trustees Victoria Limited
Cogent Nominees Pty Limited
BT Custodial Services Pty Ltd
RBC Global Services Australia
Colonial Foundation Limited
HKBA Nominees Ltd
MLC Limited
The National Mutual Life Association of Australasia Limited
Perpetual Nominees Limited
NRMA Nominees Pty Limited
Perpetual Trustees Nominees Limited
CSS & PSS Board

Number of
Shares
129,777,812
80,523,978
73,994,459
50,715,679
20,369,781
19,138,005
18,463,831
16,207,140
14,756,414
10,388,093
9,639,985
9,597,704
8,598,418
8,302,854
4,930,606
4,871,680
4,832,725
4,780,281
4,616,911
4,485,838

%

10.45
6.48
5.96
4.08
1.64
1.54
1.49
1.31
1.19
0.84
0.78
0.77
0.69
0.67
0.40
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.37
0.36

The twenty largest shareholders hold 498,992,194 shares which is equal to 40.18% of the total shares on issue.

Stock Exchange Listing

The shares of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia
are  listed  on  the  Australian  Stock  Exchange  under  the
the  home
trade  symbol  CBA,  with  Sydney  being 
exchange.

Details of trading activity are published in most daily
newspapers, generally under  the abbreviation of CBA  or
C’wealth  Bank.  The  Bank  does  not  have  a  current
on-market buyback of its shares.

Directors Shareholdings as at 22 August 2001

Shares

Options

J T Ralph, AC
J M Schubert
D V Murray
N R Adler, AO
R J Clairs, AO
A B Daniels OAM
C R Galbraith
W G Kent AO
F D Ryan
F J Swan
B K Ward

1,500,000

12,674
7,478
44,372
6,973
10,482
12,741
4,524
6,703
4,482
2,225
2,405

Guidelines for Dealings by Directors in Shares

The  restrictions  imposed  by  law  on  dealings  by
Directors  in  the  securities  of  the  Bank  have  been
the  Board  of  Directors  adopting
supplemented  by 
guidelines  which  further  limit  any  such  dealings  by
Directors,  their  spouses,  any  dependent  child,  family
company and family trust. The guidelines provide that, in
addition to  the requirement that Directors not deal  in  the

securities of the Bank or any related company when they
have or may be perceived as having relevant unpublished
price sensitive information, Directors are only permitted to
deal within certain periods. Further, the guidelines require
that  Directors  not  deal  on  the  basis  of  considerations  of
a short  term  nature  or  to  the  extent  of  trading  in  those
securities.

Range of Shares (Fully Paid Ordinary Shares and Employee Shares): 13 August 2001

Range

1-1,000
1,001-5,000
5,001-10,000
10,001-100,000
100,001-Over
Total
Less than marketable parcel of $500

Number of
Shareholders

Percentage
Shareholders

Number of
Shares

Percentage
Issued Capital

78.84
18.79
1.62
0.70
0.05
100.00

186,516,233
269,094,091
80,473,001
100,473,763
607,458,367
1,244,015,455
78,451

15.00
21.63
6.47
8.07
48.83
100.00

566,229
134,969
11,668
4,997
300
718,163
13,928

153

Shareholding Information

Voting Rights

Under 

the  Bank’s  Constitution,  each  member
present at a general meeting of the Bank in person or by
proxy, attorney or official representative is entitled:
(cid:1) 
on a show of hands – to one vote; and
(cid:1) 
on  a  poll  –  to  one  vote  for  each  share  held  or
represented.

COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA AND CONTROLLED ENTITIES

If  more 

than  one  proxy,  attorney  or  official

(cid:1) 

representative is present for a member:
(cid:1) 

none  of  them  is  entitled  to  a  vote  on  a  show  of
hands; and
the vote of each one on a poll is of no effect unless
each 
represent  a  specified
proportion  of 
the  member’s  voting  rights,  not
exceeding in aggregate 100%.

is  appointed 

to 

Top 20 Holders of Preferred Exchangeable Resettable Listed Shares (PERLS) as at 13 August 2001

Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Name of Holder
Commonwealth Life Limited
The National Mutual Life Association of Australia
Commonwealth Custodial Services Limited
Dervat Nominees Pty Ltd
AMP Life Limited
INVIA Custodian Pty Limited
National Mutual Funds Management
UBS Warburg Private Clients Nominees Pty Ltd
Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited
National Nominees Limited
Perpetual Trustee Company Ltd
ANZ Executors and Trustee Company Limited
Austrust Limited
Perpetual Nominees Limited
Boxall Marine Pty Limited
Questor Financial Services Limited
Flight Centre Limited
Livingstone Investments (NSW) Pty Limited
Brencorp No. 2 Pty Limited
Ms. Thelma Joan Martin-Weber

Number of Shares
200,000
131,650
92,591
84,300
80,000
67,000
60,000
52,749
42,000
41,352
36,762
36,073
34,891
31,440
25,000
19,238
15,000
15,000
14,134
12,500

%
5.71
3.76
2.65
2.41
2.29
1.51
1.71
1.51
1.20
1.18
1.05
1.03
1.00
0.90
0.71
0.55
0.43
0.43
0.40
0.36

The twenty largest shareholders hold 1,091,680 shares which is equal to 30.79% of the total shares on issue.

Stock Exchange Listing

Commonwealth  Bank  PERLS  are  listed  on  the  Australian  Stock  Exchange  under  the  trade  symbol  CBAPA,  with
Sydney being the home exchange. Details of trading activity are published  in most daily newspapers, generally under the
abbreviation of CBA or C’wealth Bank (pref).

Range of Shares (PERLS): 13 August 2001

The twenty largest shareholders hold 1,019,071 shares which is equal to 29.11% of the total shares on issue.

Range

1-1,000
1,001-5,000
5,001-10,000
10,001-100,000
100,001-Over
Total
Less than marketable parcel of $500

Voting Rights

meeting  of 
circumstances:
(cid:1) 

The holders will be entitled to receive notice of any
general meeting of the Bank and a copy of every circular
or  other  like  document  sent  out  by  the  Bank  to  ordinary
shareholders  and  to  attend  any  general  meeting  of  the
Bank.

The holders will not be entitled to vote at a general
following

the  Bank  except 

the 

in 

if  at  the  time  of  the  meeting,  a  dividend  has  been
declared  but  has  not  been  paid  in  full  by  the
relevant payment date;
on a proposal to reduce the Bank’s share capital;
on a resolution to approve the terms of a buy-back
agreement;
on  a  proposal  that  affects  rights  attached 
Commonwealth Bank PERLS;
on a proposal to wind up the Bank;

to

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Number of
Shareholders

Percentage
Shareholders

Number of
Shares

Percentage
Issued Capital

19,440
199
26
24
2

98.73
1.01
0.13
0.12
0.01
19,691                100.00

1,764,548
432,255
207,062
764,485
331,650
3,500,000
201

50.41
12.35
5.92
21.84
9.48
100.00

22

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

on  a  proposal  for  the  disposal  of  the  whole  of  the
Bank’s property, business and undertaking;
during the winding up of the Bank; or
as otherwise  required under the Listing  Rules  from
time to time,

in which case the holders will have the same rights as to
manner of attendance and as to voting in respect of each
Commonwealth  Bank  PERLS  as  those  conferred  on
ordinary shareholders in respect of each ordinary share.

At  a  general  meeting  of  the  Bank,  holders  are

entitled:
(cid:1) 

on  a  show  of  hands,  to  exercise  one  vote  when
entitled  to  vote  in  respect  of  the  matters  listed
above; and
on a poll, to one vote for each Commonwealth Bank
PERL.

(cid:1) 

154

International Representation

Australia
Head Office
48 Martin Place (Level 3)
Sydney NSW 1155
Telephone: (612) 9378 2000
Telex: AA 120345
Swift: CTBAAU2S
Facsimile: (02) 9378 3023
Head of Institutional Banking
M A Katz

New Zealand
Head Office
ASB Bank Ltd
ASB Bank Centre (Level 5)
Corner Albert & Wellesley Streets
Auckland New Zealand
Telephone: (64 9) 373 3427
Facsimile: (64 9) 373 3426
Telex: NZ60881
Managing Director
R J Norris

Asia Pacific
Fiji Islands
Colonial
3 Central Street
Private Mail Bag
Suva
Telephone: (679) 314 400
Facsimile: (679) 302 032

Beijing, China
2910 China World Towers
1 Jianguomenwai Avenue
Beijing 100004
People’s Republic of China
Telephone: (86 10) 6505 5350
Facsimile: (86 10) 6505 5354
Chief Representative
Y T Au

Shanghai, China
805 Union Building
100 Yan An Road (East)
Shanghai 200002
People’s Republic of China
Telephone: (86 21) 6355 3939
Facsimile: (86 21) 6373 5066
Chief Representative
Y T Au

Hong Kong
1405-1408 Two Exchange Square
8 Connaught Place
Central
Hong Kong
Telephone: (852) 2844 7500
Telex: (852) 60466 CTB HX
Swift: CTB HK HH BKG
Facsimile: (852) 2845 9194
General Manager
S R J Holden

Malaysia
EON CMG Life
EON CMG Life Building
8th Floor
16 Jalan Silang
Kuala Lumpur 50050
Telephone: (60-3) 232 1775
Facsimile: (60-3) 232 5189

The Philippines
CMG
30th Floor
Philippine Stock Exchange Center
West Tower
Exchange Road
Ortigas Center
Pasig City
Telephone: (63-2) 636 2721
Facsimile: (63-2) 636 2761

Singapore
50 Raffles Place #22-04
Singapore Land Tower
Singapore 048623
Telephone: (65) 326 3877
Telex: RS 20920
Swift: CTBA SG SG
Facsimile: (65) 224 5812
General Manager
D J McGrady

Thailand
Ayudhya CMG
17th Floor
Ploenchit Tower
898 Ploenchit Road Patumwan
Bangkok 10330
Telephone: (66-2) 263 0333
Facsimile: (66-2) 263 0313

Vietnam
Suite 202-203A
Central Building
31 Hai Ba Trung
Hanoi
Vietnam
Telephone: (84 4) 826 9899
Facsimile: (84 4) 824 3961
Chief Representative
S R J Holden

Indonesia
Plaza B11
Tower II (5th Floor)
J1 M.H. Thamrin
No 51 Kav 22
Jakarta 10350
Indonesia
Telephone: (6221) 318 4394
Facsimile: (6221) 318 4391
Chief Representative
L Morris

155

Japan
8th Floor Toranomon Waiko Bldg
5-12-1 Toranomon 5 chrome
Minato-ku
Tokyo 105-0001
Japan
Telephone: (813) 5400 7280
Facsimile: (813) 5400 7288
Telex: J 28167 Combank
Swift: CTBA JP JTS
General Manager
D A Hazelton

Europe
United Kingdom
Senator House
85 Queen Victoria Street
London EC4V 4HA
Telephone: (44 171) 710 3999
Telex: 883864
Swift: CTBA GB 2L
Facsimile: (44 171) 710 3939
General Manager Europe
S Bigg

Australian Financial & Migrant
Information Service
Senator House
85 Queen Victoria Street
London EC4V 4HA
Telephone: (44 171) 710 3999
Telex: 883864
Swift: CTBA GB 2L
Facsimile: (44 171) 710 3939
Senior Consultant
J O’Brien

Grand Cayman
CBA Grand Cayman
PO Box 501
British West Indies

Americas
United States of America
599 Lexington Avenue (Level 17)
New York NY 10022
Telephone: (1 212) 848 9200
Telex: TRT 177666
Swift: CTBA US 33
Facsimile: (1 212) 336 7725
General Manager Americas
I M Phillips

Australia
Registered Office
Level 1, 48 Martin Place
Sydney NSW 1155
Telephone:  (02) 9378 2000
Facsimile: (02) 9378 3317