UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
__________________________________________________________________
Form 10-K
__________________________________________________________________
(Mark One)
☑
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE
TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
☐
Commission File Number 001-33520
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COMSCORE, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
54-1955550
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
11950 Democracy Drive, Suite 600
Reston, Virginia 20190
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(703) 438-2000
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol
SCOR
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
___________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T
(§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth
company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
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☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
☑
☑
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the
registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $350.0 million (based on the closing price of the registrant's common stock on the Nasdaq
Global Select Market on that date). Solely for purposes of this disclosure, shares of the registrant's common stock held by executive officers and directors and each person
who owned 10% or more of the outstanding common stock of the registrant have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of
affiliate status is not a conclusive determination for other purposes.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of February 24, 2022, there were
90,438,590 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.
Specified portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement with respect to its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no
later than 120 days following the end of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Table of Contents
COMSCORE, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.
SIGNATURES
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We may make certain statements, including in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or 10-K, including the information contained in Item 7, "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this 10-K, and the information incorporated by reference in this 10-K, that
constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal and state securities laws. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than
statements of historical fact. We attempt to identify these forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "might," "expect,"
"plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "target," "goal," "predict," "intend," "potential," "continue," "seek" and other comparable words. Similarly,
statements that describe our business strategy, goals, prospects, opportunities, outlook, objectives, plans or intentions are also forward-looking statements.
These statements may relate to, but are not limited to, expectations of future operating results or financial performance; expectations regarding the impact
on our business of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic and global measures to mitigate the spread of the virus; macroeconomic trends that we expect
may influence our business, including any recession or changes in consumer behavior resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic; plans for business
continuity, financing and capital expenditures; expectations regarding liquidity, customer payments and compliance with debt and financing covenants and
other payment obligations; expectations regarding enhanced commercial relationships and the development and introduction of new products; effects of
restructuring, remote work arrangements and other employment actions; regulatory compliance and expected changes in the regulatory or privacy
landscape affecting our business; expected impact of litigation and regulatory proceedings; and plans for growth and future operations, as well as
assumptions relating to the foregoing.
Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. These statements are based
on expectations and assumptions as of the date of this 10-K regarding future events and business performance and involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual events or results to be materially different from any future events or results expressed or implied by
these statements. These factors include those set forth in the following discussion and within Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of this 10-K and elsewhere within this
report, and those identified in other documents that we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to
accurately predict or control and that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking
statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this 10-K. You should carefully review
the risk factors described in this 10-K and in other documents that we file from time to time with the SEC. Except as required by applicable law, including
the rules and regulations of the SEC, we undertake no obligation, and expressly disclaim any duty, to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements,
whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are
reasonable as of the date of this 10-K, our statements are not guarantees of future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements, and actual
outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of our statements.
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ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
PART I
Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this 10-K to "Comscore," "we," "us," the "Company" and "our" refer to comScore, Inc. and its
consolidated subsidiaries. We have registered trademarks around the globe, including Unified Digital Measurement®, UDM®, vCE®, Metrix®,
Essentials®, Box Office Essentials®, OnDemand Essentials®, and TV Essentials®. This 10-K also contains additional trademarks and trade names of our
company and our subsidiaries. We file and maintain trademark protection for our products and services. All trademarks and trade names appearing in this
10-K are the property of their respective holders.
Overview
We are a global information and analytics company that measures advertising, content, and the consumer audiences of each, across media platforms. We
create our products using a global data platform that combines information on digital platforms (connected (Smart) televisions, mobile devices, tablets and
computers), television ("TV"), over the top devices ("OTT"), direct to consumer applications, and movie screens with demographics and other descriptive
information. We have developed proprietary data science that enables measurement of person-level and household-level audiences, removing duplicated
viewing across devices and over time. This combination of data and methods enables a common standard for buyers and sellers to transact on advertising.
This helps companies across the media ecosystem better understand and monetize their audiences and develop marketing plans, content and products to
more efficiently and effectively reach those audiences. Our ability to unify behavioral and other descriptive data enables us to provide audience ratings,
advertising verification, and granular consumer segments that describe hundreds of millions of consumers. Our customers include digital publishers,
television networks, movie studios, content owners, brand advertisers, agencies and technology providers.
The information we analyze crosses geographies, types of content and activities, including websites, mobile and OTT applications ("apps"), video games,
television and movie programming, electronic commerce ("e-commerce") and advertising.
We are a Delaware corporation headquartered in Reston, Virginia with principal offices located at 11950 Democracy Drive, Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190.
Our telephone number is 703-438-2000.
Recent Key Developments
Leadership Changes
On July 21, 2021, Gregory Fink resigned as our Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") and Treasurer, effective August 31, 2021.
On October 19, 2021, our Board of Directors appointed Jonathan Carpenter as CFO and Treasurer, effective November 29, 2021. On December 10, 2021,
our Board of Directors appointed Mary Margaret Curry as Chief Accounting Officer.
On February 28, 2022, our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Executive Vice Chairman, William Livek, announced his intention to retire as CEO and
transition to a non-executive Vice Chairman role after his successor as CEO is named. Mr. Livek plans to serve as non-executive Vice Chairman of our
Board of Directors through the completion of his term in 2024.
Acquisition of Shareablee
On December 16, 2021, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Shareablee, Inc. ("Shareablee"). Pursuant to the
Merger Agreement, we acquired Shareablee for a total purchase price of up to $45.0 million, subject to certain adjustments and achievement of certain
conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement.
At closing, the aggregate consideration payable to the former holders of Shareablee's capital stock and warrant, and certain underlying equity awards that
we assumed in the acquisition, was approximately 9.1 million shares of our common stock, including an estimated working capital adjustment. The number
of shares of common stock issuable at closing was determined by dividing (x) $36.4 million, plus the exercise price of options that we assumed, by (y) a
price per share of our common stock of $4.12. The closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 16, 2021 was
$3.14 per share.
With the closing of the Shareablee acquisition, we plan to expand our Media Metrix® and Video Metrix® currencies to include Shareablee's social media
engagement and video insights, in order to bridge the industry gap of traditional digital and social measurement services that exists today. We expect the
combined audience insights of Comscore and Shareablee to give media companies, brands and advertisers an unmatched understanding of cross-platform
consumer engagement and reach. Integration plans call for Comscore digital products to benefit from Shareablee data, and for Shareablee clients to have
additional advantages with curated views of Comscore digital data embedded in their Shareablee dashboards.
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Strategic Investment Transactions
On January 7, 2021, we entered into separate Securities Purchase Agreements with each of Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC ("Charter"),
Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Pine Investor, LLC ("Pine"). The issuance of securities pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements (the
"Transactions") and related matters were approved by our stockholders on March 9, 2021 and completed on March 10, 2021. At the closing of the
Transactions, we issued and sold (a) to Charter, 27,509,203 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, in exchange for
$68.0 million, (b) to Qurate, 27,509,203 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million and (c) to Pine, 27,509,203 shares of
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million. The proceeds of the Transactions were used to repay the $204.0 million of senior
secured convertible notes due January 16, 2022 (the "Notes") issued to certain funds affiliated with or managed by Starboard Value LP. Additionally, in
connection with the closing, we repaid the $13.0 million secured promissory note due December 31, 2021 issued by a subsidiary of the Company (the
"Secured Term Note") and certain transaction-related expenses with cash from our balance sheet. Refer to Footnote 6, Debt for additional information on
the Notes and the Secured Term Note.
COVID-19
During 2020 and the first half of 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions had a significant impact on the media,
advertising and entertainment industries in which we operate. The pandemic also had an impact on our business, including with respect to the execution of
new and renewal contracts, the impact of closed movie theaters on our customers, customer payment delays and requests to modify contractual payment
terms. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we took actions to mitigate the near-term liquidity impact, including freezing hiring, exiting non-critical
consultants and contractors, terminating or negotiating reductions in vendor agreements and leases, and reducing certain travel, marketing, recruiting and
other corporate activities. Although we cannot quantify the impact that the pandemic may have on our business in the future, we have seen positive
recovery in the current year, including the reopening of theaters in most markets worldwide.
Background and Market
We were founded in 1999 on the belief that digital technology would transform the interactions between people, media and brands in ways that would
generate substantial demand for data and analytics about that interaction. The growing adoption of digital technologies also allowed measurement of the
behavior of consumers' online activities. Based on this vision, we built a global opt-in panel that provided insight into online activities. Over the years we
have enhanced our product offerings by uniting panel data with census-level data from website tags and other sources, and we expanded our presence in
various markets. In 2016, we merged with Rentrak Corporation ("Rentrak"), a global media measurement and advanced consumer targeting company
serving the entertainment, television, video and advertising industries. Following the Rentrak merger, we have access to millions of television and video on
demand ("VOD") screens and the ability to measure box office results from movie screens across the world. We also have an opt-in Total Home Panel,
which enables measurement of household devices that use a home's internet connection, whether traditional mobile and computer devices, streaming media
devices, gaming consoles or Internet of Things ("IOT") devices, which may include devices such as smart speakers, thermostats, and appliances.
Our Approach to Media Measurement
Our approach to measuring media consumption addresses the ubiquitous nature of media content and the fragmentation caused by the variety of platforms
and technologies used to access such content. Advertising exposure and effectiveness is another rapidly changing and fragmented area where we apply
scale for validation and campaign measurement across devices, platforms and ecosystem technology providers. We believe this fragmentation presents
major challenges to using legacy measurement systems that are comprised of relatively small panels of cooperating consumers or limited to specific media
platforms. Our products and services are built on measurement and analytic capabilities comprised of broad-based data collection, proprietary databases,
internally developed software and a computational infrastructure to measure, analyze and report on digital, television and movie activity at the level of
granularity that we believe the media and advertising industries need.
Data Collection
The following collection methods illustrate our extensive data sourcing:
• We collect data from proprietary consumer panels that measure the use of computers, tablets and smartphones that access the internet. These
panelists have agreed to install our passive metering software on their devices, home network or both.
• We collect data from our near-census digital network whereby content publishers implement our software code (referred to as "tagging") on their
websites, in mobile applications and video players to provide us usage information.
• We license certain demographic and behavioral mobile and panel data from third-party data providers.
• We obtain television viewership information from satellite, telecommunications, connected (Smart) TV and cable operators covering millions of
television and VOD screens.
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• We measure gross receipts and attendance information from movie screens across the world.
• We integrate our digital and television viewership information with other third-party datasets that include consumer demographic characteristics,
attitudes, lifestyles and purchase behavior.
• We integrate many of our services with ad serving platforms.
• We utilize knowledgeable in-house industry analysts that span verticals such as pharmaceuticals, media, finance, consumer packaged goods and
political information to add value to our data.
• We have created an opt-in Total Home Panel, which can capture data that runs through a home's internet connection. This expands our intelligence
to include such activity as game console and IOT device usage.
Data Science and Management
The ability to integrate, manage and transform massive amounts of data is core to our company. We continue to invest in technologies to enable large-scale
measurement with protection of consumer privacy and attractive economics. Our systems contain multiple redundancies and advanced distributed
processing technologies. We have created innovations such as:
• Our UDM methodology, which allows us to combine person-centric panel data with website server data. We believe this gives our customers
greater accuracy, granularity and relevance in audience measurement.
• Our TV measurement systems, underpinned by multiple patents, which enable us to provide a consistent measurement of TV audience sizes across
national, local, and addressable television to customers evaluating programming as well as customers selling and buying TV advertising.
• An ability to de-duplicate audiences across platforms, which is based on direct observations within our consumer panel and census data combined
with proprietary data science. This de-duplication allows us to measure the reach and frequency of advertising and content exposure across
platforms and over time.
• An ability to validate advertising delivery and detect fraud through our Invalid Traffic and Sophisticated Invalid Traffic filtration methods. These
methods have been accredited by the Media Rating Council, which provides our customers with added assurances of validity and reliability.
• An ability to capture the full content of a website or app session, which allows us to measure activity beyond page views such as purchase
transactions, application submissions and product configurations.
• An ability to intelligently categorize massive amounts of web and video content, which allows us to inform targeted and brand-safe advertising.
Product Delivery
We deliver our products and services through diverse methods to meet the needs of our customers. These include Software-as-a-Service ("SAAS") delivery
platforms, application programming interface and other data feeds that integrate directly with customer systems, and integrations with advertising
technology providers such as data management platforms and demand-side platforms that enable data management, ad management and programmatic ad
trading.
Our Products and Services
Our products and services help our customers measure audiences and consumer behavior across media platforms, while offering validation of advertising
delivery and its effectiveness. Our customers include:
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Local and national television broadcasters and content owners;
• Network operators including cable companies, mobile operators and internet service providers;
• OTT providers and distributors of streaming video content;
• Digital content publishers and internet technology companies;
• Advertising technology companies that aggregate supply and demand side inventory for sale to end customers;
• Advertising agencies;
• Movie studios and movie theater operators;
•
Financial service companies, including investment firms, consumer banks and credit card issuers;
• Manufacturers and retailers of consumer products such as consumer packaged goods, pharmaceuticals, automotive and electronics; and
•
Political campaigns and related organizations.
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During 2021, our products and services were organized around three solution groups:
•
Ratings and Planning products and services that provide measurement of the behavior and characteristics of audiences of content and advertising,
across television and digital platforms including connected (Smart) televisions, computers, tablets, mobile devices, and other connected devices;
• Analytics and Optimization products and services including custom solutions, activation, lift and survey-based products, that provide end-to-end
solutions for planning, optimization and evaluation of advertising campaigns and brand protection; and
• Movies Reporting and Analytics products and services that measure movie viewership and box office results by capturing movie ticket sales in
real time or near real time and include box office analytics, trend analysis and insights for movie studios and movie theater operators worldwide.
We categorize our revenue for 2021 and prior periods along these three solution groups; however, our shared cost structure is defined and tracked by
function and not by our solution groups. These shared costs include employee costs, operational overhead, data centers and our technology that supports
our product offerings.
Ratings and Planning products and services are designed to help customers find the most relevant viewing audience, whether that viewing is linear, non-
linear, online or on-demand. These products and services include:
• Media Metrix Multi-Platform and Mobile Metrix, which measure websites and apps on computers, smartphones and tablets across dozens of
countries, are leading currencies for online media planning and enable customers to analyze audience size, reach, engagement, demographics and
other characteristics. Publishers use Media Metrix Multi-Platform and Mobile Metrix to demonstrate the value of their audiences and understand
market dynamics, and advertisers and their agencies use Media Metrix Multi-Platform and Mobile Metrix to plan and execute effective marketing
and content campaigns. These products also provide competitive intelligence such as cross-site visiting patterns, traffic source/loss reporting and
local market trends.
• Video Metrix Multi-Platform, which delivers unduplicated measurement of digital video consumption across computer, smartphone, tablet and
OTT devices and provides TV-comparable reach and engagement metrics, as well as audience demographics.
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Plan Metrix, which provides an understanding of consumer lifestyle, buying and other consumption habits, online and offline, by integrating
attitudes and interests with online behavior and provides customers with insight into patterns and trends needed to develop and execute advertising
and marketing campaigns.
TV Essentials ("TVE"), which combines TV viewing information with marketing segmentation and consumer databases for enhanced audience
intelligence. TVE data is also used in analytical applications to help customers better understand the performance of network advertising
campaigns.
StationView Essentials ("SVE"), which allows customers to better understand consumer viewing patterns and characteristics across local TV
stations and cable channels in their market(s) to promote viewership of a particular station and negotiate inventory pricing based on the size, value
and relevance of the audience.
Cross-Platform Solutions at the national and local level, which provide an unduplicated view of reach, engagement and audience overlap across
TV and digital platforms. Solutions include Comscore Campaign Ratings, which expands upon validated Campaign Essentials ("vCE")
verification of mobile and desktop video campaigns with the addition of video advertising delivered via OTT and TV and provides unduplicated
reporting that enables ad buyers and sellers to negotiate and evaluate campaigns across media platforms.
• OnDemand Essentials, which provides multichannel video programming distributors and content providers with transactional tracking and
reporting based on millions of television screens, enabling our customers to plan advertising campaigns that more precisely target consumers
watching on-demand video content.
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vCE, which validates whether digital ad impressions are visible to humans, identifies those that are fraudulent (e.g., delivered to automated bots or
requested by malware), and verifies that ads are shown in brand safe content and delivered to the right audience targets. Advertisers and their
agencies use vCE as the basis for negotiating and evaluating campaign performance against their contracts with, and payments to, digital
publishers for ad campaigns.
Total Home Panel Suite, including OTT Intelligence and Connected Home, which capture OTT, connected TV ("CTV"), and IOT device usage
and content consumption. Comscore Connected Home enables users to better understand consumer engagement with technology and media by
measuring behavior across network and router-connected devices in the home. Comscore OTT Intelligence provides clients with critical insight
into consumer OTT streaming activity on TV-connected devices, including smart TVs, streaming sticks and boxes, and gaming consoles.
Analytics and Optimization products and services provide end-to-end solutions for planning, optimization and evaluation of advertising campaigns and
brand protection. These products are primarily a part of customized data services. These products and services include:
•
Comscore Marketing Solutions, which provide analytics that integrate online visitation and advertising data, TV viewing, purchase transactions,
attitudinal research and other information assets. These custom deliverables are designed to meet client needs in specific industries such as
automotive, financial services, media, retail, travel, telecommunications and technology.
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Applications include path-to-purchase analyses, competitive benchmarking, market segmentation studies, and branded content analytics.
Lift Models, which measure the impact of advertising on a brand across multiple behavioral and attitudinal dimensions such as brand awareness,
purchase intent, online visitation, online and offline purchase behavior and retail store visitation, enabling customers to fine tune campaign
strategy and execution.
Survey Analytics, which measure various types of consumer insights including brand health metrics.
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• Activation Solutions, including Audience Activation and Content Activation. Comscore Audience Activation offers targeting with demographics
and cross-screen behaviors for digital, mobile and CTV campaigns. Comscore Content Activation provides a robust set of pre-bid inventory filters
to help marketers and media companies achieve brand-safe, relevant campaign delivery across desktop, mobile, podcasts, and CTV.
Movies Reporting and Analytics products and services measure movie viewership and box office results by capturing movie ticket sales in real time or
near real time and include box office analytics, trend analysis and insights for movie studios and movie theater operators worldwide. These products and
services include:
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Box Office Essentials and International Box Office Essentials, which provide detailed measurement of domestic and international theatrical gross
receipts and attendance, with movie-specific information across the globe.
PostTrak, which is an exit polling service that reports audience demographics and the aspects of each title that trigger interest and attendance.
Swift, which is an electronic box office reporting system that facilitates the flow of reconciled theater-level ticket transactions.
• Hollywood Software Suite, including Comscore Theatrical Distribution System ("TDS"), Comscore Exhibitor Management System ("EMS"),
Comscore Enterprise Web, and Cinema Auditorium Control Engine ("ACE"). Comscore TDS is an advanced software to help manage theatrical
distribution worldwide. Comscore EMS provides a virtual staff of booking assistants and accountants working to consolidate point-of-sale data.
Comscore Enterprise Web gives circuit managers an over-the-shoulder look at operations inside their theaters. Cinema ACE is a theater
management system that drives productivity and efficiency across digital cinema operations.
Research and Development
Our research and development activities span our business of media and cross-platform measurement, encompassing data collection, data science,
analytical application development and product delivery. We continue to focus on expanding our coverage and scale, precision and granularity across
diverse types of media, devices and geographies using our census, panel and other data assets.
Examples of our research and development initiatives include:
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Enhancing our recruiting methods and software applications;
• Developing new technologies to manage, stage and deliver cross-platform data and analytics through traditional web-based user interfaces and via
integration with customer systems;
• Designing new approaches to measurement challenges such as lift measurement, campaign measurement, and other areas that become more
difficult as consumers increase their level of control over data pertaining to their activities;
• Designing solutions to continue to measure the online media space in the face of increased privacy concerns, including the development of
industry-compatible, interoperable methodologies that will function as browser, regulatory, and legal environments change;
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Creating new methodologies to measure person-level TV and digital consumption at scale and across platforms; and
Continuing to develop expertise in combining multiple data assets, both to leverage single-platform datasets into representative cross-platform
measurements as well as working with the data of partner companies, allowing us to enhance existing services and create new and innovative
audience measurement products. These efforts include original research into the measurement of data overlaps and deduplication in the
measurement of reach.
New Product Investments and Releases
Cookieless - Engineering Products in a Privacy Centric World
Our digital measurement is centered upon using first party panel data combined with additional information captured through census measurement and data
partnerships. Historically, we have used cookies and mobile advertising IDs to provide additional context and scale to our digital audience measurement
solutions, as well as to assist in more targeted measurement and reportability. The development of new opt-in permissions and enhanced focus on consent-
based measurement provide the benefit of limiting the transfer of consumer personal information, but also mean changes to data collection and
measurement processes.
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We are adopting new methodologies to lead this transition to a more privacy-centric world. A key component is leveraging our capabilities in panels, which
we believe give us a competitive advantage in digital and cross-platform management. In parallel, our work with existing and new partners to collaborate
and test emerging solutions is intended to expand the reach of our census-level integrations. We are creating measurement innovations designed to produce
stronger products engineered for privacy.
We are also engaged in industry initiatives that focus on the viability and success of the "free web," which is driven by advertising investment. One of these
initiatives, championed by Google and Facebook, is a proposal from the World Federation of Advertisers. In addition, in June 2021 we were selected by the
Association of National Advertisers as a partner in their Cross-Media Measurement initiative for a pilot in measuring privacy-preserving reach and
frequency measurements for television and digital media audiences, which is capable of reporting both demographics and cross-platform deduplication.
In December 2021, OpenAP and the Video Advertising Bureau identified Comscore as a participating measurement company in XPm, their cross-platform
measurement framework that is backed by national TV publishers.
Comscore Predictive Audiences
With third-party cookie deprecation fast approaching, advertisers need bold new solutions to ensure their campaigns continue to reach the right audiences
without interruption. In the first quarter of 2021 we launched Predictive Audiences – a cookie-free targeting capability that enables advertisers to reach
audiences based on granular consumer behavior through privacy-friendly contextual signals. This solution delivers scale and precision beyond what was
previously available in the industry, and can be used across digital, mobile, and CTV campaigns.
Branded Content Reporting
In 2021, we partnered with Hive, a leading provider of enterprise AI solutions, to reinvent its Branded Content reporting. Hive's computer vision
technology is utilized to identify logos within video content. This detection from Hive is coupled with Comscore's media information to size the audiences
to branded content, as well as describing those audiences based on demographics and advanced attributes.
Comscore Consumer Intelligence
Comscore Consumer Intelligence, powered by Consumer Orbit, provides local TV stations, local digital publishers and media buyers with actionable
consumer insights to connect consumer behaviors with local television and digital consumption.
Comscore Consumer Intelligence is a local market audience segmentation and buying and sales tool that provides a comprehensive and granular view of
what linear and digital audiences are searching online to buy, where they are shopping and how they interact with media. It is delivered monthly, compared
to other consumer segmentation tools that are delivered annually.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property assets are important to protect our business. We protect our innovations and products with numerous patents, trademarks,
copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. In particular, we file for, and seek to acquire patent rights for our innovations and we continue to
seek to enhance our patent portfolio through targeted and strategic patent filings and licensing opportunities. We believe that we own the material
trademarks used in connection with the marketing, distribution and sale of our products, both domestically and internationally. We will continue to pursue
intellectual property opportunities in areas and technologies that we deem to be strategic and appropriate for our business.
Patents
Our patents extend across our data capture and processing techniques and include the following:
• Data Collection - metering such as biometrics and audio fingerprinting, tagging such as video viewability, browser optimization, IP obfuscation
and TV-off measurement methodology.
• Data Processing - traffic and content categorization, demographic attribution, ad effectiveness measurement, data overlap and fusion, invalid
traffic detection, data weighting, projection and processing of return path data.
Trademarks
We file and maintain trademark protection for our products and services. We rely on trademarks and service marks to protect our intellectual property assets
and believe these are important to our marketing efforts and the competitive value of our products and services. We have registered trademarks around the
globe, including Unified Digital Measurement®, UDM®, vCE®, Metrix®, Essentials®, Box Office Essentials®, OnDemand Essentials®, and TV
Essentials®. This 10-K also contains additional trademarks and trade names of our Company and our subsidiaries. All trademarks and trade names
appearing in this 10-K are the property of their respective holders.
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Licenses
We license data from third-party providers across the media platforms that we measure. Our licenses include agreements with satellite, telecommunications
and cable operators covering television and VOD viewership data, third-party scheduling datasets and data matching partners, and agreements with
providers of demographic and behavioral mobile and panel data. See "Our Approach to Media Measurement" above for a discussion of our data sourcing.
Competition
The market for audience and advertising measurement products is highly competitive and is evolving rapidly. We compete primarily with other providers of
media intelligence and related analytical products and services. We also compete with providers of marketing services and solutions, with full-service
survey providers and with internal solutions developed by customers and potential customers. Our principal competitors include:
•
•
•
Full-service market research firms, including Nielsen, Ipsos and GfK;
Television measurement competitors, which are evolving with the marketplace and now include advertising measurement startups such as
VideoAmp, iSpot and others;
Companies that provide audience ratings for TV, radio and other media that have extended or may extend their current services, particularly in
certain international markets, to the measurement of digital media, including Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron) and Xperi Corporation;
• Online advertising companies that provide measurement of online ad effectiveness and ad delivery used for billing purposes, including Nielsen,
Google and Facebook;
•
•
Companies that provide digital advertising technology point solutions, including DoubleVerify, Integral Ad Science, Moat (owned by Oracle) and
WhiteOps;
Companies that provide audience measurement and competitive intelligence across digital platforms, including Nielsen, SimilarWeb and App
Annie;
• Analytical services companies that provide customers with detailed information about behavior on their own websites, including Adobe Analytics,
IBM Digital Analytics and WebTrends Inc.;
•
•
Companies that report Smart TV data such as Vizio, Alphonso, Samsung and Samba TV; and
Companies that provide consumers with TV and digital services such as AT&T and Comcast.
We compete based on the following principal factors:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The ability to provide accurate measurement of digital audiences across multiple digital platforms;
The ability to provide TV audience measurement based on near-census data that increases accuracy and reduces variability;
The ability to provide deduplicated audience measurement across platforms;
The ability to provide actual, accurate and reliable data regarding audience behavior and activity in a timely manner, including the ability to
maintain large and statistically representative panels;
The ability to provide reliable and objective third-party data that, as needed, is able to receive industry-accepted accreditation;
The ability to adapt product offerings to emerging digital media technologies and standards;
The breadth and depth of products and their flexibility and ease of use;
The availability of data across various industry verticals and geographic areas and expertise across these verticals and in these geographic areas;
and
The ability to offer products that meet the changing needs of customers, particularly in the evolving privacy environment.
We believe we compete favorably on these factors and that our vision and investments in the future of media measurement across platforms will deliver
products and services that our customers will continue to trust and value.
Government Regulation and Privacy
U.S. and international data security and privacy laws apply to our various businesses. We have programs in place to detect, contain and respond to data
security incidents; however, increasing technology risks or unauthorized users who successfully breach our network security could misappropriate or
misuse our proprietary information or cause interruptions in our services. Many countries have data protection laws with different requirements than those
in the U.S., and many states in the U.S. have or are developing their own data protection and privacy requirements. This may result in inconsistent
requirements and differing interpretations across jurisdictions.
Governments, privacy advocates and class action attorneys are increasingly scrutinizing how companies collect, process, use, store, share and transmit
personal data. Laws such as the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), Brazil's General Data Protection Law ("LGPD"), the General Data Protection
Regulation ("GDPR") in Europe and industry self-regulatory codes have been enacted, and
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more are being considered that will affect our ability (and our customers' ability) to reach current and prospective customers, to respond to individual
customer requests under the laws, and to implement our business models effectively. The GDPR took effect in May 2018 and includes requirements
regarding the collection and handling of individuals' personal data. The CCPA went into effect in January 2020, and the LGPD went into effect in
September 2020. Beginning in January 2023, three new state privacy laws (and their applicable regulations) are scheduled to come into effect. The
California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 ("CPRA") is scheduled to become fully operative on January 1, 2023 (substantially expanding the CCPA); the
Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act is scheduled to become effective on January 1, 2023; and the Colorado Privacy Act is scheduled to become
effective on July 1, 2023. In addition, regulators in the European Union and elsewhere are increasingly focused on consent and the collection of data using
tracking technologies and cross-border data transfers. Failure to meet the applicable GDPR, CCPA, CPRA or LGPD requirements, or failure to comply
with privacy, data collection, data transfer or consent requirements in other jurisdictions, could result in substantial penalties.
We also monitor actions by the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Trade Commission, including regulatory developments affecting
Internet Service Providers and other industry participants.
Human Capital Management
Our management of human capital is essential to the success of our company, and our management team is actively engaged in developing a strong,
engaged team to execute on our business plans.
As of January 31, 2022, we had 1,355 employees and 145 contingent providers/contractors. Our employee population, which is comprised 94% of full-time
employees and 6% of part-time employees, is dispersed across the globe, as outlined below as of December 31, 2021.
North America
Asia-Pacific Rim
Europe
Latin America
The following table outlines the percentage of employees in different functional areas as of December 31, 2021:
Product and Technology
Sales and Service
Movies
General and Administrative
Employee Engagement & Retention
Percent of Employees
64%
16%
12%
8%
Percent of Employees
53%
22%
14%
11%
The development, attraction and retention of talent is critical to the success of our business. We focus on building employee engagement; developing a
positive culture of trust, transparency, learning, and involvement; and competitive pay and benefits structures to attract and retain employees and protect the
intellectual capital that we have built. We regularly review our employee turnover and satisfaction rates, and develop strategies and tactics to improve
employee engagement and retention. On average, employee tenure is over six years, and more than 20% of our employees have been employed by our
company for more than ten years.
We seek to attract and retain the best talent from a diverse group of sources around the world, in order to meet our current and future staffing needs. In
addition to a robust employee referral practice and independent outreach, we have developed relationships with universities, professional associations, and
industry alliances to further increase our outreach and talent pool. In 2021, our company conducted hiring in North America, Europe, India, and Latin
America.
Where feasible within the countries in which we operate, we provide a competitive and varied portfolio of healthcare, wellness, financial, and other benefit
offerings to suit the diverse needs and lifestyles of our employees. Within the United States, 86% of our employee population was enrolled in one of our
healthcare plans as of December 31, 2021.
We provide virtual, on-demand learning opportunities to all employees, and we also develop and deliver custom learning programs to meet specific
business needs and employee interests. In 2021, approximately 60% of our employees participated in learning activities through the on-demand portal.
We believe we have strong labor practices and employee-friendly policies that enable a culture of trust, collaboration, and compliance. Our employment
standards begin and end with respect for the dignity and worth of each person. Employees have multiple avenues through which to express opinions, ideas,
and concerns, which enables an open culture of communication and inclusion; our policies require that complaints are investigated and any findings are
addressed. Our employees are not represented by labor unions outside of those few countries where union representation is a customary practice of doing
business. The Company operates a Compliance
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Management System, a key component of which is mandatory training for all employees in areas including workplace harassment and our code of business
conduct.
Work Environment
We believe we have created a work environment, whether in person or virtually, that represents our commitment to safety and wellness. In light of
continued uncertainty in public health, we continue to provide flexibility to work remotely to ensure that employees can work effectively from their homes
and protect their own health and that of their households. We provide both system and technology capability as well as personal support, including wellness
activities and resources, virtual social activities, and support for working parents. Supporting the person, not just the "worker," allows us to maintain
business operations without endangering employees or customers. We had no safety incidents or known incidents of work-related COVID-19 transmissions
reported in 2021.
Diversity and Inclusion
We strive to build and develop a workforce that reflects diversity, equity, and inclusion at all levels of the organization. As of December 31, 2021,
approximately 40% of our global workforce was female and approximately 30% of our executive leaders were female. Within the United States,
approximately 40% of our employees identified as a person of color or as other than white. Our view is that our culture of involvement and appreciation of
others enables us to more fully develop and leverage the strengths of our workforce to meet our business objectives. We place a high value on inclusion and
employee-led opportunities across the Company, including the Employee Resource Groups ("ERGs") which are sponsored by senior leadership but are
developed and maintained by diverse groups of employees who share or champion common interests, representations, or causes. We currently have ERGs
in support of LGBTQ+ persons, people of color, women, young professionals, and remote workers. We have amplified our conversation and actions
relating specifically to inclusion and diversity in the last year, taking a more active executive stance and implementing learning and development initiatives,
additional ERGs, virtual employee gatherings and activities, and talent acquisition opportunities.
Locations and Geographic Areas
We are located around the globe with employees in 18 countries. Our primary geographic market is the United States, followed by Asia, Europe, Latin
America and Canada. For information with respect to sales by geographic markets, refer to Footnote 4, Revenue Recognition, of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Executive Officers and Directors
Executive Officers and Executive Director
William (Bill) Livek has served as our Chief Executive Officer since November 2019 and as our Vice Chairman since January 2016. He was our President
from January 2016 through May 2018. Mr. Livek previously served as Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Rentrak Corporation, a media
measurement and consumer targeting company, from June 2009 until our merger with Rentrak in January 2016. Prior to Rentrak, Mr. Livek was founder
and Chief Executive Officer of Symmetrical Capital, an investment and consulting firm; Senior Vice President, Strategic Alliances and International
Expansion, of Experian Information Solutions, Inc., a provider of information, analytical and marketing services; and co-President of Experian's subsidiary
Experian Research Services. He holds a B.S. degree in Communications Radio/Television from Southern Illinois University. Mr. Livek brings substantial
industry experience and audience measurement expertise to our Board and management team.
Jonathan Carpenter has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since November 2021. Mr. Carpenter previously served as Chief Financial
Officer of Publishers Clearing House, a direct marketing and media company, from June 2016 until November 2021. Prior to Publishers Clearing House, he
served in divisional CFO roles for Nielsen Company, Sears Holdings and NBC Universal. He began his career with General Electric in the GE Financial
Management Program. Mr. Carpenter holds a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Vermont.
Christopher Wilson has served as our Chief Commercial Officer since April 2019. He previously served as our Chief Revenue Officer from June 2017 to
December 2018 and as our Executive Vice President, Commercial from January 2016 to June 2017. Prior to joining the company, Mr. Wilson served as
President, National Television at Rentrak Corporation from 2010 until our merger with Rentrak in January 2016. Before Rentrak, he was Senior Vice
President, Sales at Scarborough Research Company; President at Experian Research Services; President and COO of Simmons Market Research Bureau;
and CEO and President of LogicLab, a division of Merkle LLC. Mr. Wilson holds a bachelor's degree in Broadcast Communications from Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale.
Non-Executive Directors
Brent Rosenthal has served as Chairman of the Board since April 2018 and as a director since January 2016. Mr. Rosenthal is the Founder of Mountain
Hawk Capital Partners, LLC., an investment fund focused on small and microcap equities in the technology, media, telecom (TMT) and food industries.
Mr. Rosenthal has been the Lead Independent Director/Non-Executive Chairman of the board of directors of RiceBran Technologies, a food company,
since July 2016 and served as an advisor to the board of directors and executive management of FLYHT Aerospace from December 2019 to June 2020 and
as a member of the FLYHT Aerospace board of
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directors since June 2020. He also served on the board of directors of SITO Mobile, Ltd., a mobile location-based media platform, from August 2016 to
July 2018, and as Non-Executive Chairman of its board of directors from June 2017 to July 2018. Previously, Mr. Rosenthal was a Partner in affiliates of
W.R. Huff Asset Management where he worked from 2002 to 2016. Mr. Rosenthal served as the Non-Executive Chairman of Rentrak Corporation from
2011 to 2016. He was Special Advisor to the board of directors of Park City Group from November 2015 to February 2018. Mr. Rosenthal earned his B.S.
from Lehigh University and M.B.A. from the S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University. He is an inactive Certified Public
Accountant. Mr. Rosenthal brings to our Board financial expertise and experience in the media and information industries.
Nana Banerjee has served as a director since March 2021. Dr. Banerjee has been a consultant to Cerberus Capital Management, a private equity firm, since
September 2021. From March 2020 to September 2021, he served as a senior managing director of Cerberus Global Technology Solutions. Dr. Banerjee
brings extensive experience in leading, innovating and scaling analytics and technology businesses globally. Prior to joining Cerberus, he served as the
President and CEO of McGraw-Hill, an education solutions company, and a member of its Board of Directors from April 2018 to October 2019. From
September 2012 to March 2018, he was group president and an executive officer of Verisk Analytics, a data analytics company, with responsibility for its
high-growth businesses as well as oversight responsibility for its joint data and development environment and its centralized AI and advanced analytics
organizations. He joined Verisk as part of its acquisition of Argus Information and Advisory Services, where he was CEO, and co-president and chief
operating officer in prior roles. In other prior roles, Dr. Banerjee served as head of Citibank's credit card business in the United Kingdom and as vice
president of marketing and analytics at GE Capital. Dr. Banerjee has a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the State University of New York, a M.S. degree
in mathematics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, and a B.S. degree with honors in mathematics from St. Stephens College, Delhi. Dr.
Banerjee's extensive experience in analytics and technology enable him to bring valuable perspective to our Board.
Itzhak Fisher has served as a director since March 2021. Mr. Fisher is the Chairman and founder (2014 to present) of Pereg Ventures, a venture capital fund
that invests in B2B information services businesses across the United States and Israel. Previously, he served in senior product and business development
roles at Nielsen, as founder and Executive Chairman of Trendum, and as President and CEO of RSL Communications, where he built a telecommunications
company that operated in over 20 countries and generated more than $1.5 billion in revenues. He also served on the board of directors of SITO Mobile
from June 2017 to July 2018. Mr. Fisher received a B.S. in Computer Science from New York Institute of Technology and completed advanced studies in
computer science at New York University. His other affiliations include the Strategic Advisory Group, Goldman Sachs; Advisory Board, NYU Courant
Institute of Mathematical Sciences; and President's Council, Tufts University. Mr. Fisher brings to our Board substantial experience in creating, operating
and investing in digital, media and retail companies.
Irwin Gotlieb has served as a director since April 2019. Mr. Gotlieb was a senior advisor to WPP plc, a multinational advertising and public relations
company, from April 2018 through December 2020. He was formerly the global Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of GroupM, a global media
investment group, from its formation until 2012 and Chairman of GroupM until April 2018. Mr. Gotlieb served on the board of directors of Invidi, a media
solutions company, from October 2007 to June 2020, and on the advisory board of Harland Clarke, a payment solutions company, from January 2014 to
December 2018. Mr. Gotlieb brings over 40 years of industry experience to the Board and is the first media agency executive inducted into both the
American Advertising Federation Hall of Fame and the Broadcasting & Cable Hall of Fame.
David Kline has served as a director since March 2021. Mr. Kline is Executive Vice President at Charter Communications, a communications and media
company, and President of Spectrum Reach, the advertising sales division of Charter. Mr. Kline joined Charter in 2015 and provides strategic leadership to
guide the company in both the traditional and advanced TV advertising space. Mr. Kline joined Charter from Visible World (now FreeWheel), where he
served as President and COO directing their household addressable sales and programmatic advertising efforts. Earlier in his career, he served as President
and COO of Cablevision Media Sales (now Altice Media Solutions) for more than 17 years. Mr. Kline serves on the board of directors for the Video
Advertising Bureau and private companies Ampersand, Blockgraph and Canoe. He received a B.A. in a personalized study program focusing on marketing,
finance, accounting and management from Ohio State University. Mr. Kline is a pioneering leader in the traditional and advanced TV advertising space and
brings valuable relationships and perspective to our Board.
Pierre Liduena has served as a director since April 2021. Mr. Liduena is Group Vice President, Business Development at Charter Communications, a
communications and media company, where he manages strategic partnerships for Charter. Prior to this he was Vice President, Corporate Development at
Charter, where he managed M&A and Corporate Ventures activities. Prior to joining Charter in 2012, Mr. Liduena worked at UBS in the Technology,
Media & Telecom investment banking group, and at EY in the Audit and Transaction Advisory groups. Mr. Liduena holds a Master in Management from
EDHEC Business School in France, and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In addition, he is a graduate of the Cable
Executive Management program at Harvard Business School. Mr. Liduena brings to our Board financial expertise and substantial M&A and industry
experience.
Kathi Love has served as a director since April 2019. Ms. Love is currently the CEO of Motherwell Resources LLC, a company devoted to management
consulting and executive coaching. Prior to founding Motherwell in 2013, Ms. Love served as the President and CEO of GFK MRI (formerly Mediamark
Research). MRI produced audience ratings for the consumer magazine industry in the United States, along with offering a projectable database on the
demographics, attitudes, activities and buying behaviors of the U.S.
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consumer. MRI also developed and sold various software products. In 2018, Ms. Love was inducted into the Market Research Council Hall of Fame. Prior
to joining MRI, Ms. Love held executive positions at The New York Times, EMAP Publishing and The Magazine Publishers of America. She has been an
adjunct or guest instructor at Rutgers University, Brooklyn College and Queens College. Ms. Love holds a B.A. degree from Douglass College, Rutgers –
The State University, an M.A. from Michigan State University and an M.Phil. from The Graduate Center, C.U.N.Y. She has advanced to candidacy for a
Ph.D. in psychology and is a professional certified executive coach (PCC) and a member of the International Coach Federation (ICF). She has served on
the board of directors of the Advertising Research Foundation, The Media Behavior Institute and the Market Research Council, of which she is past
President. She sits on the board of the Associate Alumnae of Douglass College and serves as the treasurer and on the investment committee. She also uses
her coaching skills during pro bono work at the Atlas School for Autism.
Marty Patterson has served as a director since March 2021. Mr. Patterson currently serves as Vice President of Liberty Media Corporation, Qurate Retail,
Inc., Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc. and Liberty Broadband Corporation. He has been with Liberty Media Corporation, a media, communications and
entertainment company, and its predecessors since 2010. Mr. Patterson currently serves as a director of Skyhook Wireless, Inc. and was formerly a director
of Ideiasnet S.A. He received his B.A. from Colorado College and is a CFA Charterholder. Mr. Patterson brings to our Board extensive experience
identifying and evaluating investment opportunities in the technology, media and telecommunications sectors.
Brian Wendling has served as a director since March 2021. Mr. Wendling is Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer of Liberty Media
Corporation, Qurate Retail, Inc. and Liberty Broadband Corporation. He is also Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Liberty TripAdvisor
Holdings, Inc. Mr. Wendling has held various positions with these companies and their predecessors since 1999. Prior to joining these companies, he
worked in the assurance practice of the accounting firm KPMG. Mr. Wendling has previously served on the boards of Fun Technologies Inc. and
CommerceHub, Inc. He also serves on the board of Clothes to Kids of Colorado. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Indiana
University. Mr. Wendling brings over 25 years of accounting, public reporting and compliance experience to our Board.
Available Information
We make our periodic and current reports along with amendments to such reports available, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable
after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website address is www.comscore.com, and such reports are made available free
of charge under "SEC Filings" in the Investor Relations section of our website. Information contained on our website is not part of this 10-K and is not
incorporated herein by reference.
You can read our SEC filings, including this 10-K as well as our other periodic and current reports, on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
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ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our Common Stock involves a substantial risk of loss. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the
other information included in this 10-K, before you decide whether to invest in shares of our Common Stock. The risks identified below could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. In that case, the trading price of our Common Stock could decline, and you
could lose part or all of your investment. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to
us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results, and may
result in the loss of part or all of your investment.
Summary Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our
business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. These risks are discussed more fully below and include, but are not limited to:
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Technologies
•
•
The COVID-19 pandemic could continue to have adverse effects on our business.
The market for our products is highly competitive, and our revenues could decline if we cannot compete effectively.
If we are unable to provide complete analytics, our ability to maintain and grow our business may be harmed.
•
• We depend on third parties for data and hosting/delivery services that are critical to our business.
•
• Our business may be harmed if we deliver inaccurate or untimely information products, change our methodologies or the scope of information we
If we fail to respond to technological developments or evolving industry standards, our products may become obsolete or less competitive.
collect, or are unable to maintain sufficient panels.
• We derive a significant portion of our revenues from subscription-based products, and our customers could terminate or fail to renew their
subscriptions.
• Our financial results may suffer if we are unable to retain or add large customers or if we cannot persuade customers to substitute our products for
incumbent providers.
• Our acquisitions or partnerships with other companies may not be successful and may divert our management's attention.
•
• We may not be able to adequately retain and hire qualified personnel.
System failures, security breaches, delays in system operations, or failure to pass customer/partner security reviews may harm our business.
Risks Related to Our Results of Operations
• We may fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.
• We may not generate sufficient cash to service our debt, dividend obligations, lease facilities and trade payables.
• We may incur another impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets.
•
Changes in the fair value of our financing derivatives, warrants or contingent consideration could adversely affect our financial condition and
results.
• We may encounter difficulties managing our costs, may continue to incur net losses, and may not achieve profitability.
• Our net operating loss carryforwards may expire unutilized or underutilized.
Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance, Litigation and Tax Matters
•
Concern over privacy violations and data breaches could materially harm our business.
• Domestic or foreign laws may limit our ability to collect and incorporate media usage information in our products.
•
Third parties could assert that we are infringing their intellectual property rights, or we could be unable to protect and enforce our own intellectual
property rights.
• Our use of open source software could limit our ability to sell our products or require us to reengineer our products.
•
There could be adverse developments in tax laws or disagreements with our tax positions in the jurisdictions where we operate.
Risks Related to International Operations
• Our business could become increasingly susceptible to risks associated with international operations, including those detailed below.
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•
•
Export controls and sanctions laws could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability.
Changes in foreign currencies could have a significant effect on our operating results.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure and Financings
The holders of our Preferred Stock have significant influence, and their interests may conflict with our other stockholders.
The market value of our Common Stock could decline if the holders of our Preferred Stock sell their shares when transfer restrictions expire.
•
• We may not realize the anticipated benefits of our Preferred Stock transactions, including commercial benefits from our data license with Charter.
•
• Our financing and debt covenants could restrict our operating flexibility.
• Any failure to meet our debt obligations could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
• We may need additional capital, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
General Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
•
•
Securities that we may become obligated to issue under existing or future agreements may cause immediate and substantial dilution to our current
stockholders.
Provisions in our governing documents and under Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control or changes in our
management.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Technologies
The COVID-19 pandemic and related economic repercussions could continue to have adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of
operations and cash flows.
The COVID-19 pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions have had a significant impact on the media, advertising and entertainment
industries in which we operate. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may ultimately impact our business is uncertain and will depend in large part
on our customers, many of whom continue to be affected by measures taken to mitigate the spread of the virus. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic and
related measures have had some impact on our business, including with respect to the execution of new and renewal contracts, the impact of closed movie
theaters on our customers, customer payment delays and requests to modify contractual payment terms, particularly in our Movies Reporting and Analytics
business. These conditions have negatively impacted our revenue, cash flows, net loss and financial position, and could continue to have an impact in
future periods. It is possible that long-term changes in consumer behavior will impact our customers' operations, and thus their demand for our services and
ability to pay, even after the spread of COVID-19 has been contained and businesses are permitted to resume normal operations. While we have taken
actions to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, these steps may not be successful or adequate if customer demand or cash collection efforts are
further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors.
Given the nature and significance of these events, we are unable to enumerate all risks to our business from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we believe
that in addition to the impacts described above, other current and potential impacts include, but are not limited to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
notices from customers and vendors arguing that any non-performance under our contracts with them is permitted as a result of force majeure or
other reasons;
delays in meeting our payment obligations to vendors or others, which could result in the loss of goods and services necessary to operate our
business;
inefficiencies, increased security risks and privacy concerns surrounding remote working arrangements, under which most of our employees are
continuing to operate;
disruptions from operational changes we have undertaken or may undertake, including lease and contract terminations, workforce reductions,
furloughs and other cost-reduction initiatives;
challenges in complying with our debt obligations or dividend requirements;
unfavorable capital and credit market conditions, which could impact our ability to obtain future financing;
heightened sensitivity from government regulators, particularly with respect to privacy compliance and cybersecurity in the current environment;
further impairment of lease-related assets, goodwill or other intangible assets; and
litigation risk and possible loss contingencies related to COVID-19 and its impact, including with respect to our debt facilities, leases, commercial
contracts, employee matters and insurance arrangements.
We cannot predict the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or its effects on our business or financial performance in the future; nor can we guarantee that
any measures we have taken or will take to mitigate the impact will be successful. To the extent COVID-19
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continues to adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the
other risks described below.
The market for media measurement and analytics products is highly competitive, and if we cannot compete effectively, our revenues could decline and
our business could be harmed.
The market for audience and advertising measurement products is highly competitive and is evolving rapidly. We compete primarily with providers of
media intelligence and related analytical products and services. We also compete with providers of marketing services and solutions, with full-service
survey providers, and with internal solutions developed by customers and potential customers. We expect competition to intensify as a result of the entrance
of new competitors and the development of new technologies, products and services in our industry. Some of our competitors have substantially greater
resources than we do. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to development of systems and technologies, acquisition of
data, recruitment and retention of personnel, marketing and promotional campaigns, panel retention and development, and other key areas that can impact
our ability to compete effectively. In addition, some of our competitors have adopted and may continue to adopt aggressive pricing policies, including the
provision of certain services at little or no cost, in order to retain or acquire customers. Furthermore, large software companies, internet platforms and
database management companies may enter our market or enhance their current offerings, either by developing competing services or by acquiring our
competitors, and could leverage their significant resources and pre-existing relationships with our current and potential customers. Finally, consolidation of
our competitors could make it difficult for us to compete effectively. If we are unable to compete successfully against our current and future competitors,
we may not be able to retain and acquire customers, and we may consequently experience a decline in revenues, reduced operating margins, loss of market
share and diminished value from our products.
If we are unable to provide television, digital or cross-platform analytics, or if our analytics are incomplete, our ability to maintain and grow our
business may be harmed.
As the media and advertising industries increasingly evaluate advertising campaigns across various forms of media, such as television, online, and mobile,
the ability to measure the combined size and composition of audiences across platforms is increasingly important and in demand. If we are unable to gain
or maintain access to information measuring a media component or type, or if we are unable to do so on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to meet
our customers' demands and our business and financial performance may be harmed. Furthermore, even if we do have access to television and digital
(including mobile and OTT) data, if we have insufficient technology, or encounter challenges in our methodological approaches, our products may be
inferior to other offerings, and we may be unable to meet our customers' demands. In such event, our business and financial performance may be harmed.
In particular, our acquisition of television data may be reliant on companies that have historically held a dominant market position measuring television to
produce industry-accepted measurement across a combination of media platforms. Our competitors or other providers may have more leverage with data
providers and may be unable or unwilling to provide us with access to quality data to support our products, on reasonable terms or at all. Likewise, our
acquisition of digital data may be reliant on large digital publishers that may technologically or legally prevent access to their proprietary platforms for
research or measurement purposes. Moreover, as mobile devices, technology and OTT viewing continue to proliferate, gaining and maintaining cost-
effective access to mobile and OTT data will become increasingly critical, and we could face difficulty in accessing these forms of data. If we are unable to
acquire and integrate data effectively and efficiently, or if the cost of data acquisition or integration increases, our business, financial condition and results
of operations may be harmed.
We depend on third parties for data and services that are critical to our business, and our business could suffer if we cannot continue to obtain reliable
data from these suppliers or if third parties place additional restrictions on our use of such data.
We rely on third-party data sources for information usage across the media platforms that we measure, as well as demographics about the people that use
such platforms. The availability and accuracy of this data is important to the continuation and development of our products and the performance of our
obligations to customers. These data suppliers, some of whom compete with us or our significant stockholders, may increase restrictions on our use of such
data, undertake audits (at either our or their expense) of our use of such data, require us to implement new processes with respect to such data, fail to adhere
to our quality control, privacy or security standards or otherwise satisfactorily perform services, increase the price they charge us for the data or refuse to
license the data to us. Additional restrictions on third-party data could limit our ability to include that data in our products, which could lead to decreased
commercial opportunities for our products as well as loss of customers, sales credits, refunds or liability to our customers. To comply with any additional
restrictions, we may be required to implement certain additional technological and manual controls that could put pressure on our cost structure and could
affect our pricing. Supplier consolidation and increased pricing for additional use cases, including in connection with the integration of acquired companies
and technologies, could also put pressure on our cost structure and our ability to meet obligations to our customers. We may be required to enter into
vendor relationships, strategic alliances, or joint ventures with some third parties in order to obtain access to the data sources that we need. If our partners
do not apply rigorous standards to their data collection methodology and actions, notwithstanding our best efforts, we may receive third-party data that is
inaccurate, defective, or delayed. If third-party information is not available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or is found to be inaccurate, it could
harm our products, our reputation, and our business and financial performance.
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If we fail to respond to technological developments or evolving industry standards, our products may become obsolete or less competitive.
We operate in industries that require sophisticated data collection and processing technologies. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to
develop new and modify or enhance our existing products and services, including without limitation, our data collection technologies and approaches, in
order to meet customer needs, add functionality and address technological advancements and industry standards. For example, the development of opt-in
permissions and enhanced focus on consent-based measurement provide the benefit of limiting the transfer of consumer personal information, but also
mean changes to our data collection, storage and delivery processes. If we are unable to innovate and adapt our methodologies to meet evolving customer
needs, our products may become obsolete or less competitive. As another example, if certain proprietary devices become the primary mode of receiving
content and conducting transactions on the internet, and we are unable to adapt to collect information from such devices, then we would not be able to
report on digital usage activity. To remain competitive, we will need to develop new products that address these evolving technologies and standards across
the universe of media including television, online, and mobile usage. However, we may be unsuccessful in identifying new product opportunities,
developing or marketing new products in a timely or cost-effective manner, or obtaining the necessary access to data or technologies needed to support new
products, or we may be limited in our ability to operate due to patents held by others. In addition, our product innovations may not achieve the market
penetration or price levels necessary for profitability. If we are unable to develop and integrate timely enhancements to, and new features for, our existing
methodologies or products or if we are unable to develop new products and technology that keep pace with rapid technological developments, changing
industry standards or consumer preferences, our products may become obsolete, less marketable and less competitive, and our business will be harmed.
Furthermore, the market for our products is characterized by changes in protocols and evolving industry standards. For example, industry associations such
as the Advertising Research Foundation, the Council of American Survey Research Organizations, the Internet Advertising Bureau, and the Media Rating
Council as well as foreign and international industry associations have initiated efforts to either review market research methodologies across the media
that we measure or develop minimum standards for such research. Failure to achieve accreditation, delays in accreditation, or adverse audit findings may
negatively impact the market acceptance of our products. Meanwhile, successful accreditation or audits may lead to costly changes to our procedures and
methodologies and may not result in the anticipated commercial benefits.
Our business may be harmed if we deliver, or are perceived to deliver, inaccurate or untimely information products.
The metrics contained in our products may be viewed as an important measure of the success of certain businesses, especially those that utilize our metrics
to evaluate a variety of investments ranging from their internal operations to advertising initiatives. If the information that we provide to our customers, the
media, or the public is inaccurate, or perceived to be inaccurate, whether due to inadequate methodological approaches, errors, biases towards certain
available data sources or partners, disparate data sets across our products, defects or errors in data collection and processing (conducted by us or by third
parties) or the systems used to collect, process or deliver data, our business may be harmed. Similarly, if the information that we provide to our customers is
delayed or perceived to be untimely, our business may be harmed.
Any inaccuracy, perceived inaccuracy, inconsistency or delay in the data reported by us could lead to consequences that could adversely impact our
operating results, including loss of customers; sales credits, refunds or liability to our customers; the incurrence of substantial costs to correct any material
defect, error or inconsistency; increased warranty and insurance costs; potential litigation; interruptions in the availability of our products; diversion of
development resources to improve our processes or delivery; lost or delayed market acceptance and sales of our products; and damage to our brand.
Our business may be harmed if we change our methodologies or the scope of information we collect.
We have in the past and may in the future change our methodologies, the methodologies of companies we acquire, or the scope of information we collect.
Such changes may result from identified deficiencies in current methodologies, development of more advanced methodologies, changes in our business
plans or in industry standards or regulatory requirements, changes in technology used by websites, browsers, mobile applications, servers, or media we
measure, integration of acquired companies or expressed or perceived needs of our customers, potential customers or partners. Any such changes or
perceived changes, or our inability to accurately or adequately communicate to our customers and the media such changes and the potential implications of
such changes on the data we have published or will publish in the future, may result in customer dissatisfaction, particularly if certain information is no
longer collected or information collected in future periods is not comparable with information collected in prior periods. As a result of future methodology
changes, some of our customers that may also supply us with data may decide not to continue buying products or services from us or may decide to
discontinue providing us with their data to support our products. Such customers may elect to publicly air their dissatisfaction with the methodological
changes made by us, which may damage our brand and harm our reputation.
If we are not able to maintain panels of sufficient size and scope, or if the costs of establishing and maintaining our panels materially increase, our
business could be harmed.
We believe that the quality, size and scope of our research panels are important to our business. In recent years, however, panel participation has declined,
in part due to changes by software providers that have made it more difficult to obtain consent to participate in panels. At the same time, the cost of
recruiting new panelists has increased. Although we have taken steps to mitigate the impact of
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these changes on our business, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain panels of sufficient size and scope to provide the quality of
marketing intelligence that our customers demand from our products. We anticipate that the cost of panel recruitment will continue to increase with the
proliferation of proprietary and secure media content delivery platforms and evolving regulatory requirements, and that the difficulty in collecting these
forms of data will continue to grow, which may require significant hardware and software investments, as well as increases to our panel incentive and panel
management costs. To the extent that such additional expenses are not accompanied by increased revenues, our operating margins may be reduced and our
financial results could be adversely affected. If we are unable to maintain panels of sufficient size and scope, we could face negative consequences,
including degradation in the quality of our products, failure to receive accreditation from industry associations, loss of customers and damage to our brand.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales of our subscription-based products. If our customers terminate or fail to renew their
subscriptions, our business could suffer.
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenues from our syndicated products, which are typically one-year subscription-based products. This has
generally provided us with recurring revenue due to high renewal rates among our enterprise customers; however, syndicated digital revenue from our
smaller and international customers has declined in recent years. If additional customers terminate their subscriptions for our products, do not renew their
subscriptions, delay renewals of their subscriptions or renew on terms less favorable to us, our revenues could decline and our business could suffer.
Our customers have no obligation to renew after the expiration of their initial subscription period, and we cannot be assured that current subscriptions will
be renewed at the same or higher dollar amounts, if at all. Furthermore, our newer products, for which revenue is recognized based on impressions used,
may be subject to higher fluctuations in revenue. Our customer renewal rates may decline or fluctuate due to a number of factors, including customer
satisfaction or dissatisfaction with our products, the costs or functionality of our products, the prices or functionality of products offered by our
competitors, the health of the advertising marketplace and the industries in which we operate (particularly in light of COVID-19), mergers and acquisitions
affecting our customer base, general economic conditions or reductions in our customers' spending levels.
Our growth depends upon our ability to retain existing large customers and add new large customers. To the extent we are not successful in doing so,
our ability to grow revenue and attain profitability and positive cash flow may be impaired.
Our success depends in part on our ability to sell our products to large customers and on the renewal of subscriptions and contracts with these customers in
subsequent years. For the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, we derived 35%, 30% and 27%, respectively, of our total revenues from our top 10 customers.
Uncertain economic conditions, changes in the regulatory environment or other factors, such as the failure or consolidation of large customer companies,
internal reorganization or changes in focus, or dissatisfaction with our products, may cause certain large customers to terminate or reduce their
subscriptions and contracts with us. The loss of any one or more of these customers could decrease our revenues and harm our current and future operating
results. The addition of new large customers or increases in sales to existing large customers may require particularly long implementation periods and
other significant upfront costs, which may adversely affect our profitability or divert resources from our other priorities. To compete effectively, we have in
the past been, and may in the future be, forced to offer significant discounts to maintain existing customers or acquire other large customers. In addition, we
may be forced to reduce or withdraw from our relationships with certain existing customers or refrain from acquiring certain new customers in order to
acquire or maintain relationships with important large customers. As a result, new large customers or increased usage of our products by large customers
may cause our profits to decline, and our ability to sell our products to other customers could be adversely affected.
If we are unable to effectively persuade customers to buy our products in substitution for those of an incumbent services provider, our revenue growth
may suffer.
Some of our products require that we persuade prospective customers, or customers of our existing products, to buy our products in substitution for those of
an incumbent service provider. In some instances, the customer may have built their systems and processes around the incumbent provider's products.
Persuading such customers to switch service providers may be difficult and require longer sales cycles, affecting our ability to increase revenue in these
areas. Moreover, the incumbent service provider may have the ability to significantly discount its services or enter into long-term agreements, which could
further impede our ability to persuade customers to switch service providers, and accordingly, our ability to increase our revenues.
We may expand through investments in, acquisitions of, or the development of new products with assistance from, other companies, any of which may
not be successful and may divert our management's attention.
In the past, we completed several strategic acquisitions, most recently our acquisition of Shareablee in 2021. We also may evaluate and enter into
discussions regarding an array of potential strategic transactions, including acquiring complementary products, technologies or businesses. An acquisition,
investment or business relationship may involve significant operating challenges, expenditures and risks. In particular, we may encounter difficulties
integrating the businesses, data, technologies, products, personnel or operations of the acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired
company choose not to be employed by us, and we may have difficulty retaining the customers and partners of any acquired business due to changes in
management and ownership. Acquisitions may also disrupt our ongoing business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that
would otherwise be available for ongoing development of our business. Moreover, we cannot guarantee that the anticipated benefits of
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any acquisition, investment or business relationship would be realized timely, if at all, or that we would not be exposed to unknown liabilities. In
connection with any such transaction, we may:
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encounter difficulties retaining key employees of the acquired company or integrating diverse business cultures, particularly in countries where we
have not previously had employees;
incur large charges or substantial liabilities, including without limitation, liabilities associated with products or technologies accused or found to
infringe on third-party intellectual property or contractual rights or violate existing or future privacy or security regulations;
issue shares of our capital stock as part of the consideration, which has been and may be dilutive to existing stockholders;
become subject to adverse tax consequences, legal disputes, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges;
use cash that we may otherwise need for ongoing or future operation of our business or dividends;
enter new geographic markets that subject us to different laws and regulations that may have an adverse impact on our business;
experience difficulties effectively utilizing acquired assets or obtaining required third-party consents;
encounter difficulties integrating the information and financial reporting systems of acquired businesses, particularly those that operated under
accounting principles other than those generally accepted in the U.S. prior to the acquisition by us; and
incur debt, which may be on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay.
We also have entered into relationships with certain third-party providers to expand our product offerings, and we may enter into similar arrangements in
the future. These or other future relationships or transactions may involve preferred or exclusive licenses, discount pricing, provision of our products and
services without charge, or investments in other businesses to expand our sales capabilities. These transactions could be material to our financial condition
and results of operations, and though these transactions may provide additional benefits, they may not be profitable immediately or in the long term.
Negotiating any such transactions could be time-consuming, difficult and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to regulatory
or other approvals and other conditions that are beyond our control. Consequently, we can make no assurances that any such transactions, investments or
relationships, if undertaken and announced, would be completed or successful. The impact of any one or more of these factors could materially and
adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
System failures, security breaches or delays in the operation of our computer and communications systems may harm our business.
Our success depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications systems and the third-party data centers, cloud
providers and SAAS platforms we use. Our ability to collect and report accurate data may be interrupted by a number of factors, including the failure of our
network or software systems, computer viruses, security breaches, or variability in the information we ingest.
Our product, information technology and security teams regularly review our systems and security posture and evaluate ways to enhance our processes and
controls. In addition, our board of directors and audit committee receive quarterly updates on developments in information technology, security and data
governance, we regularly train our employees on information security and related risks, and we conduct third-party audits on our security program (ISO
27001). Nevertheless, we cannot guarantee that a security incident will not occur or that any such incident will be timely detected or remediated. A security
incident or failure of our network or data gathering procedures, or those of our third-party data suppliers, could result in liability to the Company, impede
the processing of data, cause the corruption or loss of data, prevent the timely delivery of our products, or damage our brand and reputation.
In the future, we may need to expand our network and systems at a more rapid pace than we have in the past. Our network or systems may not be capable
of meeting the demand for increased capacity, or we may incur additional expenses to accommodate these capacity demands. In addition, we may lose
valuable data or be unable to obtain or provide data on a timely basis or our network may temporarily shut down if we fail to adequately expand or
maintain our network capabilities to meet future requirements. Any lapse in our ability to collect or transmit data may decrease the value of our products
and prevent us from providing the data requested by our customers and partners. Any disruption in our data processing or any loss, exposure or misuse of
internet user data may damage our reputation and result in the loss of customers, partners and vendors and the imposition of penalties or other legal or
regulatory action, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We are subject to customer and partner security reviews, and failure to pass these reviews could have an adverse impact on our operations.
Many of our customer and partner contracts require that we maintain certain physical and/or information security standards. Any failure to meet such
standards could have an adverse impact on our business. In certain cases, we permit a customer or partner to audit our compliance with contractual
standards. Negative findings in an audit and/or the failure to adequately remediate in a timely fashion such negative findings could cause customers or
partners to terminate their contracts or otherwise have an adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and financial condition. Further, customers
or partners from time to time may require new or stricter physical or information security than they negotiated in their contracts and may condition
continued volumes and business on the
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satisfaction of such additional requirements. Some of these requirements may be expensive to implement or maintain and may not be factored into our
contract pricing. Failure to meet these requirements could have an adverse effect on our business.
We rely on a small number of third-party service providers to host and deliver our products, and any interruptions or delays in services from these third
parties could impair the delivery of our products and harm our business.
We host some of our products and serve our customers from data center facilities located throughout the U.S. While we operate our equipment inside these
facilities, we do not control the operation of these facilities, and, depending on service level requirements and costs, we may not continue to operate or
maintain redundant data center facilities for all of our products or for all of our data, which could increase our vulnerability. These facilities are vulnerable
to damage or interruption from earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They are also subject to
break-ins, computer viruses, security breaches, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. A natural disaster or an act of terrorism, a
decision to close the facilities without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in availability of our products.
We may also encounter capacity limitations at our third-party data centers. Additionally, our data center facility agreements are of limited durations, and
our data center facilities have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We believe that we have good
relationships with our data center facility vendors and believe that we will be able to renew, or find alternative data center facilities, on commercially
reasonable terms, although there can be no guarantee of this. If we are unable to renew our agreements with the owners of the facilities on commercially
reasonable terms, or if we migrate to a new data center, we may experience delays in delivering our products until an agreement with another data center
facility can be arranged or the migration to a new facility is completed.
If we or the third-party data centers that we use were to experience a major power outage, we would have to rely on back-up generators, which may not
function properly, and their supply may be inadequate. Such a power outage could result in the disruption of our business. Additionally, if our current
facilities fail to have sufficient cooling capacity or availability of electrical power, we would need to find alternative facilities and could experience delays
in delivering our products.
We have engaged in an initiative to transform certain data collection, processing and delivery systems from traditional data centers to cloud-based
platforms. The migration of these processes requires significant time and resources from our management, technology and operations personnel and
introduces new requirements for security, financial and software development controls. This initiative may divert resources from other priorities, which
could have a negative impact on our revenue and growth opportunities. In addition, our existing personnel may lack experience in cloud-based platform
services, processes and controls and may require additional training, or we may need to hire additional personnel with the requisite skills and experience,
which we may be unable to do on reasonable terms or at all. If the migration of these processes is not successful, or if the initiative takes longer or requires
more resources than we anticipate, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We currently leverage a large content delivery network ("CDN"), to provide services that allow us to offer a more accurate measurement methodology. If
that network faced an outage or breach or the service became unavailable, an alternate CDN provider or additional capacity in our data centers would need
to be established to support the large volume of tag requests that we currently manage, which would either require additional investments in equipment and
facilities or a transition plan. This could unexpectedly raise our costs and could contribute to delays or losses in tag data that could affect the quality and
reputation of our Media Metrix, vCE, cross-platform and other products that involve the measurement of a large amount of digitally transmitted activity
across multiple providers.
We depend on access to the internet through third-party bandwidth providers to operate our business. If we lose the services of one or more of our
bandwidth providers for any reason, we could experience disruption in the delivery of our products or be required to retain the services of a replacement
bandwidth provider. It may be difficult for us to replace any lost bandwidth on a timely basis, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, due to the large
amount of bandwidth our operations require.
Any errors, defects, breaches, disruptions or other performance problems related to our products or the delivery of our services caused by third parties
could reduce our revenues, harm our reputation, result in the loss of customers, partners and vendors and the imposition of penalties or other legal or
regulatory actions and otherwise damage our business. Interruptions in the availability of our products and the delivery of our services may reduce our
revenues due to increased turnaround time to complete projects, cause us to issue credits or refunds to customers, cause customers to terminate their
agreements or adversely affect our renewal rates. Our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected if
there were errors or delays in delivering our products or services, including for reasons beyond our control, and our reputation would be harmed if our
customers or potential customers believe our products and services are unreliable.
We rely heavily on our management team, and other personnel to operate and grow our business. The loss of one or more key employees, the inability
to attract and retain qualified personnel, or the failure to integrate new personnel could harm our business.
Our success and future growth depend to a significant degree on the skills and continued services of our management team. Our future success also
depends on our ability to retain, attract and motivate highly skilled technical, managerial, sales and marketing personnel. The market for these personnel is
extremely competitive, particularly for software engineers, data scientists and other technical staff, and like many companies in our industry, we have faced
higher rates of attrition in recent years. If we cannot retain highly skilled
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workers and key leaders, our ability to develop and deliver our products and increase our revenues may be materially and adversely affected. If we must
increase employee compensation and benefits in order to remain competitive for these personnel, our operating costs and financial condition may be
adversely affected. Recruiting and training costs may also place significant demands on our resources. We may experience a loss of productivity due to the
departure of key personnel and the associated loss of institutional knowledge, or while new personnel integrate into our business and transition into their
respective roles. Failure to ensure effective transitions and knowledge transfers may adversely affect our operations and our ability to execute on our
strategic plans and growth initiatives.
The effectiveness of our equity awards as a means to recruit and retain key personnel has diminished, and we may need to grant equity awards outside
of our existing plan.
Historically, we have relied on equity awards as one means of recruiting and retaining key personnel, including our senior management. Due to declines in
our stock price in recent years, the effectiveness of our outstanding equity awards as a means to retain key personnel has diminished. Moreover, the
quantity of equity awards we are able to grant under our 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan ("2018 Plan") is limited. These limits have
impacted our ability to offer new awards to current and prospective employees, which in turn has contributed to employee retention and hiring challenges.
In order to address our compensation needs, we may seek to amend our 2018 Plan to increase the number of shares available for future equity awards, or
we may need to consider granting equity awards outside of our 2018 Plan, as we did with a recent executive hire. Either of these options would result in
additional dilution to our existing stockholders. Alternatively, we may need to shift a larger portion of employee compensation to cash, which could
adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Results of Operations
Our revenues and results of operations may fluctuate in the future. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or
investors, which could cause our stock price to decline.
Our results of operations may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If our revenues or results of operations
do not meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the price of our Common Stock could decline substantially. Factors that may
cause fluctuations in our revenues or results of operations include:
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our ability to increase sales to existing customers and attract new customers in the current economic environment;
our ability to respond to changes in our customers' businesses and consumer behavior resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic;
the potential loss or reduction in spending by significant customers;
changes in our customers' subscription renewal behaviors and spending on projects, particularly custom projects;
the impact of our contract renewal rates caused by our customers' budgetary constraints, pandemic-related factors, competition, customer
dissatisfaction, customer corporate restructuring, or our customers' actual or perceived lack of need for our products;
the timing of contract renewals, delivery of products and duration of contracts and the corresponding timing of revenue recognition;
the challenges of persuading existing and prospective customers to switch from incumbent service providers;
the timing of revenue recognition for usage-based or impression-based products;
the effect of revenues generated from significant one-time projects or the loss of such projects;
the timing and success of new product introductions or changes in methodology by us or our competitors;
the impact of our Preferred Stock transactions, including our long-term data license with Charter, on our revenues and cost of revenues;
changes in our pricing and discounting policies or those of our competitors;
the impact of our decision to discontinue certain products;
our failure to accurately estimate or control costs, including those incurred as a result of business or product development initiatives, legal
proceedings, strategic or financing transactions, and the integration of acquired businesses;
the cost and availability of data from third-party sources and the cost to integrate such data into our systems and products and implement new use
cases;
adverse judgments or settlements, or increased legal fees, in legal disputes or government proceedings;
costs incurred in connection with corporate transactions, including financial advisory, legal, accounting, consulting and other advisory fees and
expenses;
service of our existing debt and incurrence of additional debt;
the amount and timing of capital expenditures and operating costs related to the maintenance and expansion of our operations and infrastructure;
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service outages, other technical difficulties or security breaches;
limitations relating to the capacity of our networks, systems and processes;
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limitations on our ability to use equity awards to compensate current and prospective employees;
the cost and timing of organizational restructuring;
the risks associated with operating in countries in which we may have little or no previous experience and with maintaining or reorganizing
corporate entity structures in international jurisdictions;
the extent to which certain expenses are deductible for tax purposes, such as share-based compensation that fluctuates based on the timing of
vesting and our stock price;
the timing of any changes to our deferred tax valuation allowance;
adoption of new accounting pronouncements;
changes in the fair value of our financing derivatives and warrants, contingent consideration, market volatility or management assumptions; and
general economic, political, regulatory, industry and market conditions and those conditions specific to internet usage and online businesses.
We believe that our revenues and results of operations on a year-over-year and sequential quarter-over-quarter basis may vary significantly in the future and
that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. Investors are cautioned not to rely on the results of prior periods as an
indication of future performance.
We may not be able to generate or obtain sufficient cash to service our debt, dividend obligations, lease facilities and trade payables.
We currently have indebtedness and lease facilities, as well as trade payables, including expenses incurred in prior periods. In addition, we are required to
pay annual cash dividends on our Preferred Stock, and we may incur additional debt for operations or to fund a special dividend to the holders of our
Preferred Stock. These obligations could require us to use a large portion of our cash flow from operations to service our debt, dividend obligations and
lease facilities and pay accrued expenses. They could also limit our flexibility to invest in our business and adjust to market conditions, which could impact
our customer relationships and place us at a competitive disadvantage.
We expect to obtain the funds to pay our expenses and meet our financial obligations from cash flow from our operations and, potentially, from other debt
and/or equity offerings. Accordingly, our ability to meet our obligations depends on our future performance and capital-raising activities, which will be
affected by financial, business, contractual, economic and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Failure to meet our payment obligations to
vendors could disrupt our supply of goods and services and impact our reputation, creditworthiness and relations with customers. It could also lead to
costly litigation. Failure to meet our dividend payment obligations could result in an increase in the annual dividend rate, among other things.
If our cash flow and capital resources prove inadequate to allow us to pay the interest and principal on our debt when due and meet our other financial
obligations, we could face substantial liquidity challenges and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations, restructure or refinance our
debt (which we may be unable to do on acceptable terms) or forego attractive business opportunities. In addition, the terms of our existing or future
financing agreements and Preferred Stock may restrict us from pursuing these alternatives. Failure to meet our financial obligations could have important
consequences including, potentially, forcing us into bankruptcy or liquidation.
Our financial condition and results of operations could suffer and be adversely affected if we incur an impairment of goodwill or other intangible
assets.
We are required to test goodwill and intangible assets, annually and on an interim basis if an event occurs or there is a change in circumstance that would
more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting unit below its carrying values or indicate that the carrying value of such intangibles is not
recoverable. When the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a charge to operations, up to the total amount of goodwill, is recorded. If the
carrying amount of an intangible asset is not recoverable, a charge to operations is recognized. Either event would result in incremental expenses for that
period, which would reduce any earnings or increase any loss for the period in which the impairment was determined to have occurred. We recorded a
$224.3 million impairment charge related to goodwill and a $17.3 million impairment charge for our strategic alliance intangible asset in 2019. We
recorded a $4.7 million impairment charge related to our right-of-use ("ROU") assets, and related leasehold improvements, during 2020.
Our impairment analysis is sensitive to changes in key assumptions used in our analysis, such as expected future cash flows, the degree of volatility in
equity and debt markets and our stock price. Additionally, changes in our strategy or significant technical developments could significantly impact the
recoverability of our intangible assets. If the assumptions used in our analysis are not realized, it is possible that an additional impairment charge may need
to be recorded in the future.
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Changes in the fair value of our derivative financial instruments, warrants or contingent consideration could adversely affect our financial condition
and results of operations.
Our financing derivatives, warrants, and contingent consideration related to our acquisition of Shareablee are classified as liabilities in our consolidated
financial statements. We use various models and assumptions to determine the fair value of these liabilities, including assumptions with respect to market
rates, the price and volatility of our Common Stock, the probability of occurrence of certain events, and term. Any change in our assumptions could result
in a change in the fair value of our derivative liabilities, warrants and contingent consideration, which would be recorded to earnings and could
significantly affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may encounter difficulties managing our costs, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
We believe that we will need to continue to effectively manage our organization, operations and facilities in order to accommodate changes in our business
and to successfully integrate acquired data and businesses. If we continue to change or grow, either organically or through acquired businesses, our current
systems and facilities may not be adequate and may need to be expanded or reduced. For example, we may be required to enter into leases for additional
facilities or commit to significant investments in the build out of current or new facilities, or we may need to renegotiate or terminate leases to reflect
changes in our business and workforce. If we are unable to effectively forecast our facilities needs or if we are unable to sublease or terminate leases for
unused space, we may experience increased and unexpected costs. Moreover, our need to effectively manage our operations and cost structure requires that
we continue to assess and improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures.
From time to time, as a result of acquisition integration initiatives, or through efforts to improve or streamline our operations, we have reduced our
workforce or reassigned personnel, and we may do so in the future. Such actions may expose us to disruption by dissatisfied employees or employee-
related claims, including claims by terminated employees who believe they are owed more compensation than we believe these employees are due under
our compensation and benefit plans, or claims maintained internationally in jurisdictions whose laws and procedures differ from those in the U.S.
If we are not able to efficiently and effectively manage our cost structure and resolve employee-related claims, or if we are unable to manage our space to
support our needs, our business may be impaired.
We have a history of significant net losses, may incur significant net losses in the future and may not achieve profitability.
We incurred net losses of $50.0 million, $47.9 million and $339.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We cannot
make assurances that we will be able to achieve profitability in the future. As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,218.7 million.
Because a large portion of our costs are fixed, we may not be able to adequately reduce our expenses in response to any decrease in our revenues, which
would materially and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our operating expenses may increase as we implement certain growth initiatives,
which include, among other things, the development of new products and enhancements of our data assets and infrastructure. If our revenues do not
increase to offset these increases in costs and operating expenses, our operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
Our net operating loss carryforwards may expire unutilized or underutilized, which could prevent us from offsetting future taxable income.
Under the provisions of Internal Revenue Code Section 382, certain substantial changes in the Company's ownership may result in a limitation on the
amount of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and taxes payable. A significant portion of our
net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. We anticipate the Transactions may
have triggered further limitations, but we have not yet reached a final conclusion as to whether an ownership change occurred and to what extent our
carryforwards are further limited.
As of December 31, 2021, we estimate our U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes were $620.0 million and $1,403.0
million, respectively, subject to limitation as described above. These net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2023 for federal income tax
reporting purposes and in 2022 for state income tax reporting purposes. The federal and certain state net operating losses generated after December 31,
2017 have an indefinite carryforward period as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA"). As of December 31, 2021, we estimate our
aggregate net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes related to our foreign subsidiaries were $5.4 million, which will begin to expire in 2024.
We apply a valuation allowance to our deferred tax assets when management does not believe that it is more-likely-than-not that they will be realized. In
assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all sources of taxable income, including potential opportunities for loss carrybacks, the reversal
of existing temporary differences associated with our deferred tax assets and liabilities, tax planning strategies and future taxable income. We also consider
other evidence such as historical pre-tax book income in making the determination. As of December 31, 2021, we continue to have a valuation allowance
recorded against the net deferred tax assets of our U.S. entities and certain foreign subsidiaries, including net operating loss carryforwards.
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We have limited experience with respect to our pricing model for certain offerings, and if the fees we charge for our products are unacceptable to
customers, our revenues and operating results will be harmed.
Many of our customers purchase specifically tailored contracts that are priced in the aggregate. Due to the level of customization of such contracts, the
pricing of contracts or individual product components of such packages may not be readily comparable across customers or periods. Existing and potential
customers may have difficulty assessing the value of our products and services when comparing them to competing products and services. As the market
for our products matures, or as competitors introduce new products or services that compete with ours, we may be unable to renew our agreements with
existing customers or attract new customers with the fees we have historically charged. As a result, it is possible that future competitive dynamics in our
market may require us to reduce our fees, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues, profitability and operating results.
Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance, Litigation and Tax Matters
Concern over privacy violations and data breaches could lead to public relations problems, regulatory scrutiny and class action lawsuits, which could
harm our business.
We are subject to data privacy and protection laws and regulations that apply to the collection, transmission, storage and use of proprietary information and
personal information. The regulatory environment surrounding information security and data privacy varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and is
constantly evolving and increasingly demanding. The restrictions imposed by such laws continue to develop and may require us to incur substantial costs
and fines or adopt additional compliance measures, such as notification requirements and corrective actions.
Any perception of our practices, products or services as a violation of individual privacy rights may subject us to public criticism, loss of customers,
partners or vendors, class action lawsuits, reputational harm, or investigations or claims by regulators, industry groups or other third parties, all of which
could significantly disrupt our business and expose us to increased liability. Additionally, laws regulating privacy and third-party products purporting to
address privacy concerns could negatively affect the functionality of, and demand for, our products and services, thereby resulting in loss of customers,
partners and vendors and harm to our business.
We also rely on security questionnaires and contractual representations made to us by customers, partners, vendors and other third-party data providers that
their own use of our services and the information they provide to us do not violate any applicable privacy laws, rules and regulations or their own privacy
or security policies. As a component of our client contracts, we obligate customers to provide their consumers the opportunity to obtain the appropriate
level of consent (including opt outs) for the information collection associated with our services, as applicable, or provide another appropriate legal basis for
collection. If these questionnaires or representations are false, inaccurate or incomplete, or if our customers, partners, vendors and other third-party data
providers do not otherwise comply with applicable privacy laws or security practices, we could face adverse publicity and possible legal or regulatory
action.
Outside parties, including foreign actors, may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees or users of our solutions to disclose sensitive information via
illegal electronic spamming, phishing, threats or other tactics. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain physical access to our information systems.
This risk may be heightened in U.S. election years, particularly from foreign governments and other foreign actors. Any breach of our security measures or
the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unauthorized dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive, personal or confidential data about us, our
employees or our customers, partners or vendors, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of hacking, fraud, trickery
or other forms of deception, could expose us, our employees, our customers or the individuals affected to risks of loss or misuse of this information. Any
actual or potential breach of our security measures may result in litigation and potential liability or fines, governmental inquiry or oversight or a loss of
customer confidence, any of which could harm our business and damage our brand and reputation, possibly impeding our present and future success in
retaining and attracting new customers and thereby requiring time and resources to repair our brand.
Domestic or foreign laws, regulations or enforcement actions may limit our ability to collect and incorporate media usage information in our products,
which may decrease their value and cause an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
Our business could be adversely impacted by existing or future laws, regulations or actions by domestic or foreign regulatory agencies, or by our
customers' or partners' efforts to comply with these laws. For example, privacy, data protection and personal information, intellectual property, advertising,
data security, data retention and deletion, protection of minors, consumer protection, economic or other trade prohibitions or sanctions concerns could lead
to legislative, judicial and regulatory limitations on our or our partners' ability to collect, maintain and use information about consumers' behavior or media
consumption in the U.S. and abroad. This could impact the amount and quality of data in our products.
State and federal laws within the U.S. and foreign laws and regulations are varied, and at times conflicting, resulting in higher risk related to compliance. A
number of laws coming into effect and/or proposals pending before federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies have affected and are likely
to continue to affect our business. For example, the European Union's ("EU") General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became effective in May
2018, imposing more stringent EU data protection requirements and providing for greater penalties for noncompliance. In addition, regulators in the EU
and elsewhere are increasingly focused on consent and the collection of data using tracking technologies, and cross-border data transfers. Adding further
uncertainty is the UK's
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departure from the EU, commonly referred to as Brexit. As another example, Brazil enacted the General Data Protection Law, and the State of California
enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"). The CCPA, which went into effect in January 2020, expanded the scope of what is considered
"personal information" and created new data access and opt-out rights for consumers, which are impacting Comscore and other companies that operate in
California, including many of our customers and partners. Beginning in January 2023, three new state privacy laws (and related regulations) are scheduled
to come into effect. The California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, or CPRA, is scheduled to become fully operative on January 1, 2023, substantially
expanding the CCPA; the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act is scheduled to become effective on January 1, 2023; and the Colorado Privacy Act is
scheduled to become effective on July 1, 2023. These U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by
private parties in addition to government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change.
We have implemented policies and procedures to comply with GDPR, CCPA, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act ("COPPA") and other laws, and
we continue to evaluate and implement processes and enhancements and monitor changes in laws and regulations. However, the application, interpretation,
and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the rapidly evolving industries in which we operate, and may be
interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country, state to state, and customer to customer, and inconsistently with our current policies and
practices. Additionally, the costs of compliance with, and the other burdens imposed by, these and other laws, regulatory actions and customer or partner
policies may prevent us from selling our products and have and may continue to increase the costs associated with selling our products, and may affect our
ability to invest in or jointly develop products in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, failure to comply with these and other laws and
regulations may result in, among other things, administrative enforcement actions and substantial fines, class action lawsuits, contractual breaches,
significant legal fees, and civil and criminal liability. Any regulatory or civil action that is brought against us, even if unsuccessful, may distract our
management's attention, divert our resources, negatively affect our public image or reputation among our panelists, customers, partners and vendors, and
harm our business.
An assertion from a third party that we are infringing its intellectual property rights, whether such assertion is valid or not, could subject us to costly
and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses.
The media measurement, software and technology industries are characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, copyrights, trademarks and
trade secrets and by frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights, domestically or
internationally. As we grow, evolve our products and methodologies, and face increasing competition, the probability that one or more third parties will
make intellectual property rights claims against us increases. In such cases, our products, technologies or methodologies may be found to infringe on the
intellectual property rights of others. Additionally, many of our agreements may require us to indemnify our customers for third-party intellectual property
infringement claims, which would increase our costs if we have to defend such claims and may require that we pay damages and provide alternative
services if there were an adverse ruling in any such claims. Intellectual property claims could harm our relationships with our customers, deter future
customers from buying our products or expose us to litigation, which could be expensive and divert considerable attention of our management team from
the normal operation of our business. Even if we are not a party to any litigation between a customer and a third party, an adverse outcome in any such
litigation could make it more difficult for us to defend against intellectual property claims by the third party in any subsequent litigation in which we are a
named party. Any of these results could adversely affect our brand, business and results of operations.
With respect to any intellectual property rights claim against us or our customers, we may have to pay damages or stop using technology or methodologies
found to be in violation of a third party's rights. We may have to seek a license for the technology, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all,
may significantly increase our operating expenses or may significantly restrict our business activities in one or more respects. We may also be required to
develop alternative non-infringing technology or methodologies, which could require significant effort and expense. Any of these outcomes could
adversely affect our business and results of operations. Even if we prove successful in defending ourselves against such claims, we may incur substantial
expenses and the defense of such claims may divert considerable attention of our management team from the normal operation of our business.
The success of our business depends in large part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, service mark, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual
restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which provide only limited protection. We endeavor to enter into agreements with our
employees and contractors and with parties with whom we do business in order to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. We cannot
be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology or the reverse engineering of our technology. Moreover, we may not
have adequate resources to devote to obtaining new intellectual property protection for our technology and products, defending our existing rights, or
maintaining the security of our know-how and data. We cannot make assurances that any additional patents will be issued with respect to any of our
pending or future patent applications, nor can we assure that any patent issued to us will provide adequate protection, or that any patents issued to us will
not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, or held to be unenforceable in actions against alleged infringers. Also, we cannot make assurances that any
future trademark or service mark registrations will be issued with respect to pending or future applications or that any of our registered trademarks and
service marks will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our proprietary rights. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, or if
we must engage in costly and time-consuming litigation to enforce our rights, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
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Our use of open source software could limit our ability to sell our products, subject our code to public disclosure or require us to reengineer our
products.
We use open source software in certain of our products, and it is also contained in some third-party software that we license. There are many types of open
source licenses, some of which have not been interpreted or adjudicated by U.S. or other courts. Our use of open source licenses could limit our ability to
sell our products or subject our proprietary code to public disclosure if not properly managed. Remediation of such issues may involve licensing software
on costly or unfavorable terms or reengineering our products, either of which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial
condition.
We are subject to taxation in multiple jurisdictions. Any adverse development in the tax laws of any of these jurisdictions or any disagreement with our
tax positions could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to taxation in, and to the tax laws and regulations of, multiple jurisdictions as a result of the international scope of our operations and our
corporate entity structure. We are also subject to transfer pricing laws with respect to our intercompany transactions, including those relating to the flow of
funds among our companies. Adverse developments in these laws or regulations, or any change in position regarding the application, administration or
interpretation thereof, in any applicable jurisdiction, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
In addition, the tax authorities in any applicable jurisdiction, including the U.S., may disagree with the positions we have taken or intend to take regarding
the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions. If any applicable tax authorities, including U.S. tax authorities, were to successfully
challenge the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition or
results of operations.
The current U.S. presidential administration has made various proposals that, if enacted, would cause significant changes to existing tax law, in particular,
an increase in U.S. federal income taxes on corporations and the tax rate on foreign earnings. Additionally, longstanding international tax norms that
determine each country's jurisdiction to tax cross-border international trade are subject to potential evolution. In connection with the Base Erosion and
Profit Shifting Integrated Framework provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD"), the OECD recently reached an
agreement to align countries on a minimum corporate tax rate and expand taxing rights of market countries. As a result of this agreement, the determination
of multi-jurisdictional taxation rights and the rate of tax applicable to certain types of income may be subject to change. There can be no assurance that
future changes to federal and state tax laws in the U.S. and foreign tax laws will not be proposed or enacted that could materially impact our business or
financial results. If and when any of these changes are put into effect, they could result in tax increases where we do business both in and outside of the
U.S. and could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.
Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes, and
we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales.
In certain cases, we have concluded that we do not need to collect sales and use, value added and similar taxes in jurisdictions in which we have sales.
Certain jurisdictions in which we do not collect such taxes may assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties and
interest, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future. Such tax assessments, penalties and interest or future requirements may adversely affect
our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to International Operations
Our business could become increasingly susceptible to risks associated with international operations.
Conducting international operations subjects us to risks that we generally do not face in the U.S. These risks include:
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recruitment and maintenance of a sufficiently large and representative panel both globally and in certain countries;
difficulties and expenses associated with tailoring our products to local and international markets as may be required by local customers and joint
industry committees or similar industry organizations;
difficulties in expanding the adoption of our server- or census-based web beacon data collection in certain countries or obtaining access to other
necessary data sources;
the complexities and expense of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations, including the GDPR, LGPD, other privacy and
data protection laws and regulations, and foreign anti-corruption laws, as well as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;
difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, including complex and costly hiring, disciplinary, and termination requirements as
well as third-party contracting arrangements;
the complexities of foreign value-added taxes and the repatriation of earnings, particularly following the enactment of the TCJA;
reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
political, social and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks and security concerns;
fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and
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increased accounting and reporting burdens and complexities.
Additionally, operating in international markets requires significant additional management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that the
investments and additional resources required to establish and maintain operations in other countries will hold their value or produce desired levels of
revenues or profitability. We cannot be certain that we will be able to comply with laws, rules, regulations or local guidelines to maintain and increase the
size of the user panels that we currently have in various countries, that we will be able to recruit a representative sample for our audience measurement
products or that we will be able to enter into arrangements with a sufficient number of website and mobile app content providers and/or television operators
to allow us to collect information for inclusion in our products. In addition, governmental authorities in various countries have different views regarding
regulatory oversight of the internet, data protection and consumer privacy. The impact of these risks could negatively affect our international business and,
consequently, our financial condition and results of operations.
Export controls and economic and trade sanctions laws could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability if we are
not in full compliance with applicable laws.
Our business activities include the collection of data from panelists around the world, and such activities may be subject to various restrictions under U.S.
export controls and economic and trade sanctions laws. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil or criminal
penalties and reputational harm.
Although we take precautions to prevent the collection of data from panelists in embargoed countries that may be subject to export controls and economic
and trade sanctions under these laws and regulations, we have collected such data in the past, and there is a risk that we could collect such data in the future
despite our precautions. We have implemented a number of additional screening and other measures designed to prevent such transactions with embargoed
countries and other U.S. sanctions targets. Changes in the list of embargoed countries and regions or prohibited persons may require us to modify these
procedures in order to comply with governmental regulations. Our failure to screen potential panelists properly could result in negative consequences to us,
including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition
or results of operations.
Changes in foreign currencies could have a significant effect on our operating results.
We operate in several countries in Latin America, Europe and Asia. A portion of our revenues and expenses from business operations in foreign countries
are derived from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our operations in those countries. As such, we have exposure
to adverse changes in exchange rates associated with revenues and operating expenses of our foreign operations, but we do not currently enter into any
hedging instruments that hedge foreign currency exchange rate risk. If we grow our international operations, or acquire companies with established
business in international regions, our exposure to foreign currency risk could become more significant.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure and Financings
The holders of our Preferred Stock have significance influence over the Company, may prevent other stockholders from influencing significant
corporate decisions, and may have interests that conflict with those of our other stockholders.
As described in Item 1, Business, on January 7, 2021, we entered into separate Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (collectively, the
"Securities Purchase Agreements") with each of Charter, Qurate and Pine (collectively, the "Investors"). The issuance of securities pursuant to the
Securities Purchase Agreements and related matters were approved by our stockholders on March 9, 2021 and completed on March 10, 2021. In connection
with the Transactions, we also entered into a long-term data license with Charter, which was intended to enhance our ability to execute on our strategic
plans and growth initiatives.
At the closing of the Transactions, the Preferred Stock was initially convertible into an aggregate of 82,527,609 shares of our Common Stock (subject to
adjustment). On an as-converted basis, this collectively represented approximately 50.6% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock immediately
following the closing (equating to approximately 16.9% per Investor), and the Investors became the largest stockholders of the Company. The Investors
remained the largest stockholders of the Company as of December 31, 2021, with each Investor holding 16.3% of our issued and outstanding Common
Stock on an as-converted basis. This concentration of ownership, together with the voting rights, director designation rights and consent rights described
below, may be perceived negatively by other investors and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.
As of December 31, 2021, each Investor held 15.8% of the outstanding voting power of the Company on an as-converted basis. In addition, under the
Stockholders Agreement that we entered into in connection with the Transactions, each Investor has the right to designate two directors to serve on our
board of directors until the earlier of such time as the Investor (a) beneficially owns less than 50% of the shares of Preferred Stock held by such Investor as
of the date of the closing (the "Initial Preferred Stock Ownership") as a result of the Investor's transfer of such shares to any of the other Investors or (b)
beneficially owns voting stock representing less than 10% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (on an as-converted basis), after which the Investor's
designation rights will be reduced to one designee until such time as the Investor beneficially owns Voting Stock representing less than 5% of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock (on an as-converted basis). Additionally, under certain circumstances, an Investor may gain additional board
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designation rights and in some instances, we may even be obligated to increase the size of our board to enable an Investor to designate one additional
director nominee. As of the date of this 10-K, each Investor has designated two directors on our board of directors.
Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, each Investor has consent rights over certain significant matters of our business. These include, but are not limited
to, decisions: (a) to amend our organizational documents; (b) to create, increase, reclassify, issue or sell any additional Preferred Stock; (c) to consummate a
change of control transaction; (d) to create or issue indebtedness that would cause us to exceed a specified leverage ratio; (e) to increase or decrease the
number of directors on our board of directors or certain committees thereof; (f) to change the nature of our business in any material respect; (g) to make
certain changes to our management; (h) to declare cash dividends or distributions; (i) to enter into certain related-party transactions; and (j) to adopt certain
shareholder rights plans. As a result, each Investor is able to influence fundamental corporate matters and transactions. The interests of the Investors may
not always coincide with our interests or the interests of our other stockholders, and these consent rights may delay, deter or prevent acts that would be
favored by our other stockholders. Also, the Investors may seek to cause us to take courses of action that, in their judgment, could enhance their investment
in us, but which might involve risks to our other stockholders or adversely affect us or our other stockholders.
We may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits of the Transactions.
The anticipated benefits of the Transactions, including expected commercial benefits from the data license with Charter and other relationships and
expertise from the Investors, may not be realized fully or may take longer to realize than we expect. Actual operating, strategic and revenue opportunities
may be less significant than we expect or may take longer to achieve than we anticipate. If we are not able to achieve these objectives and realize the
anticipated benefits from the Transactions, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
The market value of our Common Stock could decline if the Investors sell their Preferred Stock or Common Stock after certain transfer restrictions
expire.
Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, for one year following the closing (until March 10, 2022), subject to certain exceptions, each Investor is
prohibited from selling any shares of Preferred Stock held by such Investor, including any shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion of
the Preferred Stock. Thereafter, until the second anniversary of the closing (March 10, 2023), and subject to certain exceptions, each Investor has agreed
not to sell more than 50% of such Investor's Initial Preferred Stock Ownership, including any shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion
of such Preferred Stock. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the Transactions, we registered the resale of
the shares of Preferred Stock and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Preferred Stock with the SEC, which means that such shares may be eligible
for resale in the public markets following the expiration of applicable transfer restrictions. Any sale of such shares, or the anticipation of the possibility of
such sales, could create downward pressure on the market price of our Common Stock.
Our credit facility may impact our ability to operate our business and secure additional financing in the future, and any failure to meet our debt
obligations could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
On May 5, 2021, we entered into a senior secured revolving credit agreement (the "Revolving Credit Agreement") with a borrowing capacity of $25.0
million. On February 25, 2022, we amended the Revolving Credit Agreement to increase the borrowing capacity to $40.0 million. As of the date of this 10-
K, we had borrowings and letters of credit outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement totaling $19.3 million. Amounts outstanding under the
Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Daily SOFR (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) plus 2.50%. In
addition, the Revolving Credit Agreement provides for an unused commitment fee equal to 0.25% of the unused commitments. The Revolving Credit
Agreement matures on May 5, 2024.
Servicing our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Agreement could divert resources from other priorities, including investment in our products and
operations and satisfaction of our outstanding trade payables. If our cash flow from operations is inadequate to allow us to pay the interest and principal on
our debt when due and meet our other financial obligations, we could face substantial liquidity challenges.
Under the Revolving Credit Agreement, we are subject to restrictive covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness,
permit additional liens, make investments and loans, enter into mergers and acquisitions, make or declare dividends and other payments, enter into certain
contracts, sell assets, and engage in transactions with affiliates. These covenants could limit our operating flexibility and cause us to forego attractive
business opportunities, which could hurt our customer relationships and put us at a competitive disadvantage. The covenants also could prevent us from
securing additional financing in the future, including to fund our operations, satisfy liabilities, or pay dividends to the holders of our Preferred Stock.
In addition, we are subject to financial covenants under the Revolving Credit Agreement, including a requirement to maintain minimum Consolidated
EBITDA and a minimum Consolidated Asset Coverage Ratio for periods through December 31, 2022, and a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge
Coverage Ratio for periods after December 31, 2022 (each term as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement). While we are currently in compliance with
these covenants, there is no guarantee that we will be able to achieve our plans and remain in compliance in future periods. Moreover, our ability to comply
with the covenants could be affected by economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control, including changes in consumer
behavior or government mandates stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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If we fail to meet our financial covenants or other obligations under the Revolving Credit Agreement, the lender(s) may accelerate any amounts outstanding
under the Revolving Credit Agreement and may terminate their commitments to extend further credit. This could have important consequences for our
company, including requiring us to restructure or refinance our debt (which we may be unable to do on acceptable terms or at all), dispose of assets or,
potentially, enter into liquidation or bankruptcy.
We may require additional capital to support our business, and this capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including
the need to develop new products or enhance our existing products, enhance our operating infrastructure, retain and hire key personnel, and acquire
complementary businesses and technologies. In addition, holders of our Preferred Stock have certain dividend rights, including the right to request a special
dividend. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances
of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new securities we issue could have rights,
preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Common Stock. Any financing secured by us in the future could include restrictive covenants
relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and
to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions.
As a result of our settlement with the SEC relating to financial accounting and disclosure practices between February 2014 and February 2016, we are
currently subject to a "bad actor" disqualification and are unable to rely on certain exemptions from registration under the federal securities laws, including
Regulation D. In addition, we are an "ineligible issuer" as the term is defined under Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act. This could make it
more difficult for us to raise necessary financing in the future.
Capital and credit market conditions, adverse events affecting our business or industry, the tightening of lending standards, rising interest rates, negative
actions by regulatory authorities or rating agencies, or other factors also could negatively impact our ability to obtain future financing on terms acceptable
to us or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to support our business
growth, meet our dividend payment obligations, and respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In addition, the terms of any additional
equity or debt issuances may adversely affect the value and price of our Common Stock, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
General Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
The Company's outstanding securities, the stock or securities that we may become obligated to issue under existing or future agreements, and certain
provisions of those securities, may cause immediate and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.
Our existing stockholders have and may continue to experience substantial dilution as a result of our obligations to issue shares of Common Stock. As of
December 31, 2021, our Preferred Stock was convertible into an aggregate of 85,708,361 shares of Common Stock at the election of the holders.
Furthermore, we have reserved 5,457,026 shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to our Series A Warrants. We have also issued 7,945,519 shares
of Common Stock for distribution to the selling stockholders of Shareablee (which we acquired in December 2021), and we have reserved 121,360 shares
of Common Stock in connection with a working capital adjustment holdback. In addition, we may elect to pay any deferred consideration due to the
Shareablee sellers in 2022 and future years in shares of Common Stock.
As of December 31, 2021, 1,783,055 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding stock options under our equity incentive
plans (including stock option awards we assumed in the Shareablee acquisition), 4,030,243 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to
outstanding restricted stock unit awards under our equity incentive plans (including assumed Shareablee awards), and an aggregate of 3,230,941 shares of
Common Stock were available for future equity awards under our 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan and acquired Shareablee plan. An
additional 451,977 shares were reserved for issuance pursuant to a restricted stock unit inducement award we granted in 2021.
The issuance of shares of Common Stock (i) upon the conversion of our Preferred Stock, (ii) upon the exercise of warrants, (iii) as deferred consideration to
the Shareablee sellers, (iv) pursuant to outstanding and future equity awards, or (v) upon the conversion of other existing or future convertible securities,
may result in substantial dilution to each of our stockholders by reducing that stockholder's percentage ownership of our outstanding Common Stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and under Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company
or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our Common Stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our Common Stock by acting to discourage, delay or
prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These
provisions:
•
•
provide for a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board are elected at one time;
authorize "blank check" preferred stock that our board could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares to discourage a takeover attempt;
27
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•
•
•
•
prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which means that all stockholder actions must be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
prohibit stockholders from calling a special meeting of our stockholders;
provide that our board is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and
provide for advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders
at stockholder meetings.
In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a
broad range of business combinations with any "interested" stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an
"interested" stockholder and which may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company.
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
Our corporate headquarters are located in Reston, Virginia, where we occupy approximately 84,000 square feet of office space. We also lease space in
various locations throughout North America, South America, Europe, and Asia Pacific for sales and other personnel. If we require additional space, we
believe that we would be able to obtain such space on commercially reasonable terms.
Our other material locations, all of which are leased under operating leases, include the following:
•
•
•
Portland, Oregon
New York, New York
Chicago, Illinois
As of December 31, 2021, we leased facilities in 25 locations worldwide, including approximately 45,000 square feet of subleased space in six properties.
Currently, however, most of our employees are operating under remote working arrangements.
For additional information regarding our obligations under operating and finance leases, refer to Footnote 9, Leases of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For a discussion of material legal proceedings, please refer to Footnote 12, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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Table of Contents
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF
EQUITY SECURITIES
PART II
MARKET INFORMATION
Our Common Stock trades on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "SCOR".
HOLDERS
As of February 24, 2022, there were 104 stockholders of record of our Common Stock, although we believe that there are a significantly larger number of
beneficial owners of our Common Stock. We derived the number of stockholders by reviewing the listing of outstanding Common Stock recorded by our
transfer agent as of February 24, 2022.
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Common Stock between December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2021 to the
cumulative total returns of the Nasdaq Composite Index, the S&P MidCap 400 Index and the Nasdaq Computer Index over the same period. This graph
assumes the investment of $100 at the closing price of the markets on December 31, 2016 in our Common Stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index, the S&P
MidCap 400 Index and the Nasdaq Computer Index, and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any. The comparisons shown in the following graph are
based upon historical data. We caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph below is not necessarily indicative of, nor is it intended to
forecast, the potential future performance of our Common Stock.
COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
among comScore, Inc., The Nasdaq Composite Index, The S&P MidCap 400 Index
and The Nasdaq Computer Index
*
$100 invested upon market close of The Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 31, 2016, including reinvestment of dividends.
The preceding Stock Performance Graph is not deemed filed with the SEC and shall not be incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as amended whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general
incorporation language in any such securities filing, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference.
_________________
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SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
The information relating to our equity compensation plans required by Item 5 is incorporated by reference to such information as set forth in Part III, Item
12, "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters."
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Information required by Item 701 of Regulation S-K was previously included in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 17, 2021.
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
None.
ITEM 6.
[RESERVED]
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial
Statements and the related Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or 10-K. In
addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and
assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events in future periods may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in these forward-
looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and elsewhere in this 10-K. See also "Cautionary
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" at the beginning of this 10-K.
Overview
We are a global information and analytics company that measures advertising, content, and the consumer audiences of each, across media platforms. We
create our products using a global data platform that combines information on digital platforms (connected (Smart) televisions, mobile devices, tablets and
computers), TV, OTT devices, direct to consumer applications and movie screens with demographics and other descriptive information. We have developed
proprietary data science that enables measurement of person-level and household-level audiences, removing duplicated viewing across devices and over
time. This combination of data and methods enables a common standard for buyers and sellers to transact on advertising. This helps companies across the
media ecosystem better understand and monetize their audiences and develop marketing plans and products to more efficiently and effectively reach those
audiences. Our ability to unify behavioral and other descriptive data enables us to provide audience ratings, advertising verification, and granular consumer
segments that describe hundreds of millions of consumers. Our customers include digital publishers, television networks, movie studios, content owners,
brand advertisers, agencies and technology providers.
The platforms we measure include televisions, mobile devices, computers, tablets, OTT devices and movie theaters. The information we analyze crosses
geographies, types of content and activities, including websites, mobile and OTT apps, video games, television and movie programming, e-commerce, and
advertising.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss data as a percentage of revenues for each of the
periods indicated.
(In thousands)
Revenues
Cost of revenues
Selling and marketing
Research and development
General and administrative
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of right-of-use and long-lived assets
Impairment of goodwill
Impairment of intangible asset
Investigation and audit related
Restructuring
Settlement of litigation, net
Total expenses from operations
Loss from operations
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Interest expense, net
Other (expense) income, net
Gain (loss) from foreign currency transactions
Loss before income taxes
Income tax (provision) benefit
Net loss
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
Dollars
% of Revenue
Dollars
% of Revenue
Dollars
% of Revenue
$
$
367,013
203,044
66,937
39,123
61,736
25,038
—
—
—
—
—
—
395,878
(28,865)
(9,629)
(7,801)
(5,778)
2,895
(49,178)
(859)
(50,037)
100.0 % $
55.3 %
18.2 %
10.7 %
16.8 %
6.8 %
— %
— %
— %
— %
— %
— %
107.9 %
(7.9)%
(2.6)%
(2.1)%
(1.6)%
0.8 %
(13.4)%
(0.2)%
(13.6)% $
356,036
180,712
70,220
38,706
55,783
27,219
4,671
—
—
—
—
—
377,311
(21,275)
—
(35,805)
14,554
(4,490)
(47,016)
(902)
(47,918)
31
100.0 % $
50.8 %
19.7 %
10.9 %
15.7 %
7.6 %
1.3 %
— %
— %
— %
— %
— %
106.0 %
(6.0)%
— %
(10.1)%
4.1 %
(1.3)%
(13.2)%
(0.3)%
(13.5)% $
388,645
199,622
89,145
61,802
66,419
30,076
—
224,272
17,308
4,305
3,263
2,900
699,112
(310,467)
—
(31,526)
1,654
336
(340,003)
1,007
(338,996)
100.0 %
51.4 %
22.9 %
15.9 %
17.1 %
7.7 %
— %
57.7 %
4.5 %
1.1 %
0.8 %
0.7 %
179.9 %
(79.9)%
— %
(8.1)%
0.4 %
0.1 %
(87.5)%
0.3 %
(87.2)%
Table of Contents
Revenues
Our products and services are organized around solution groups that address customer needs. We evaluated revenues around three solution groups for the
years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
•
Ratings and Planning provides measurement of the behavior and characteristics of audiences of content and advertising, across television and
digital platforms including connected (Smart) televisions, computers, tablets, mobile devices, and other connected devices. These products and
services are designed to help customers find the most relevant viewing audience, whether that viewing is linear, non-linear, online or on-demand.
• Analytics and Optimization includes custom solutions, activation, lift and survey-based products that provide end-to-end solutions for planning,
optimization and evaluation of advertising campaigns and brand protection.
• Movies Reporting and Analytics measures movie viewership and box office results by capturing movie ticket sales in real time or near real time
and includes box office analytics, trend analysis and insights for movie studios and movie theater operators worldwide.
We categorize our revenue along these solution groups; however, our cost structure is tracked at the corporate level and not by our solution groups. These
costs include, but are not limited to employee costs, purchased data, operational overhead, data storage and technology that supports multiple solution
groups.
Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
(In thousands)
Ratings and Planning
Analytics and Optimization
Movies Reporting and Analytics
(1)
(1)
Total revenues
Year Ended December 31,
2021
% of Revenue
2020
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
$
$
255,073
81,306
30,634
367,013
69.5 % $
22.2 %
8.3 %
100.0 % $
253,652
69,080
33,304
356,036
71.2 % $
19.4 %
9.4 %
100.0 % $
1,421
12,226
(2,670)
10,977
0.6 %
17.7 %
(8.0)%
3.1 %
(1)
In the second quarter of 2020, we began classifying revenue from certain new and extended custom agreements for services that utilize our syndicated data set, previously classified under
Analytics and Optimization, as Ratings and Planning. The impact was not material to either solution group.
Total revenues increased by $11.0 million, or 3.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020.
Ratings and Planning revenue is comprised of revenue from our digital, television and cross-platform products. Ratings and Planning increased by $1.4
million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. The increase was driven by higher revenue from our TV products, offset by lower
revenue from our syndicated digital products. TV revenue was higher primarily due to new partnerships, increased agency adoption and higher deliveries of
custom TV data. TV revenue increased to 43% of Ratings and Planning revenue in 2021 as compared to 40% in 2020. Syndicated digital revenue was
lower primarily due to our smaller customers who continued to be impacted by ongoing industry changes in ad buying and consolidations. While retention
of syndicated digital enterprise customers remained high, revenue from our syndicated digital products represented 45% and 48% of our Ratings and
Planning revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Analytics and Optimization revenue increased by $12.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. The increase was related to
higher revenue across our product offerings, including activation, custom solutions, lift and survey. Activation experienced double-digit year-over-year
growth as we continued to bring new solutions to market.
Movies Reporting and Analytics revenue decreased by $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. The decrease was
primarily driven by lower revenues during the first quarter of 2021, which reflected the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on theater
closures, movie releases and consumer behavior worldwide. Based on more recent trends, we believe revenue from the movies business should experience
sequential quarterly increases as consumers return to theaters.
Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
(In thousands)
Ratings and Planning
Analytics and Optimization
Movies Reporting and Analytics
(1)
(1)
Total revenues
Year Ended December 31,
2020
% of Revenue
2019
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
$
$
253,652
69,080
33,304
356,036
71.2 % $
19.4 %
9.4 %
100.0 % $
271,623
74,725
42,297
388,645
69.9 % $
19.2 %
10.9 %
100.0 % $
(17,971)
(5,645)
(8,993)
(32,609)
(6.6)%
(7.6)%
(21.3)%
(8.4)%
(1)
In the second quarter of 2020, we began classifying revenue from certain new and extended custom agreements for services that utilize our syndicated data set, previously classified under
Analytics and Optimization, as Ratings and Planning. The impact was not material to either solution group.
Total revenues decreased by $32.6 million, or 8.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019.
Ratings and Planning revenue is comprised of revenue from our digital, television and cross-platform products. Ratings and Planning decreased by $18.0
million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. The decrease was largely driven by lower revenue from our syndicated digital products
due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, revenue from our smaller and international syndicated digital customers continued to be impacted by
ongoing industry changes in ad buying and consolidations. While retention of syndicated digital
32
Table of Contents
enterprise customers remained high, revenue from our syndicated digital products represented 48% and 51% of our Ratings and Planning revenue for the
years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cross-platform revenue decreased due to fewer deliveries of data in 2020 versus 2019. TV revenue
was higher primarily due to new partnerships, additional deliveries of local and addressable TV solutions, and increased deliveries on contracts with
political customers. TV revenue increased to 40% of Ratings and Planning revenue in 2020 as compared to 36% in 2019.
Analytics and Optimization revenue decreased by $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily due
to fewer deliveries of custom solutions, lift and survey deliverables, and branded content, due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic. These decreases were
partially offset by higher activation usage during the year.
Movies Reporting and Analytics revenue decreased by $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. Revenue was impacted by
theater closures, delayed releases and shifts in consumer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
New Solution Groups
In the first quarter of 2022, management decided to evaluate future revenue results around solution groups that better represent our evolving business and
customer needs. Beginning with the first quarter of 2022, we plan to present revenue in two solution groups:
• Digital Ad Solutions; and
•
Cross Platform Solutions, which includes the movies business.
If we had evaluated revenue based on these solution groups for the year ended December 31, 2021, our revenue from Digital Ad Solutions and Cross
Platform Solutions would have been approximately 60% and 40% of total revenue, respectively.
Revenues by Geographic Location
Revenue from outside of the United States was $45.1 million, $45.3 million and $52.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019,
respectively. Non-U.S. revenue declined due in part to our exit from certain countries as part of restructuring activities in prior years, as well as the impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We generate the majority of our revenues from the sale and delivery of our products within the United States. For information with respect to sales by
geographic markets, refer to Footnote 4, Revenue Recognition, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Our chief operating decision maker (our
CEO) does not evaluate the profit or loss from any separate geography.
We anticipate that revenues from our U.S. sales will continue to constitute a substantial and increasing portion of our revenues in future periods. We expect
our non-U.S. revenues to continue to decline as a percentage of our total revenues as a result of relative growth in our domestic product offerings.
WPP Related Party Revenue
We provide WPP and its affiliates, in the normal course of business, services relating to our different product lines and receive various services from WPP
and its affiliates in supporting our data collection efforts. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, related party revenues with WPP and its
affiliates were $13.6 million, $13.3 million and $15.9 million, respectively.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of expenses related to producing our products, operating our network infrastructure, the recruitment, maintenance and
support of our consumer panels and amortization of capitalized fulfillment costs. These expenses include employee costs for salaries, benefits, stock-based
compensation and other related personnel costs of network operations, survey operations, custom analytics and technical support, all of which are expensed
as they are incurred. Cost of revenues also includes costs to obtain multichannel video programming distributor ("MVPD") data sets and panel, census
based and other data sets used in our products as well as operational costs associated with our data centers, including depreciation expense associated with
computer equipment and internally developed software that supports our panels and systems. Additionally, cost of revenues includes allocated overhead,
lease expense and other facilities-related costs.
33
Table of Contents
Cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
(In thousands)
Data costs
Employee costs
Systems and bandwidth costs
Lease expense and depreciation
Panel costs
Sample and survey costs
Technology
Professional fees
Royalties and resellers
Other
Total cost of revenues
(1)
Calculation is not meaningful.
Year Ended December 31,
2021
% of Revenue
2020
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
$
$
74,196
41,386
27,565
18,946
15,198
7,008
5,689
5,109
4,039
3,908
203,044
20.2 % $
11.3 %
7.5 %
5.2 %
4.1 %
1.9 %
1.6 %
1.4 %
1.1 %
1.1 %
55.3 % $
63,598
38,920
24,349
16,970
19,075
5,133
5,710
4,272
(33)
2,718
180,712
17.9 % $
10.9 %
6.8 %
4.8 %
5.4 %
1.4 %
1.6 %
1.2 %
— %
0.8 %
50.8 % $
10,598
2,466
3,216
1,976
(3,877)
1,875
(21)
837
4,072
1,190
22,332
16.7 %
6.3 %
13.2 %
11.6 %
(20.3)%
36.5 %
(0.4)%
19.6 %
(1)
NM
43.8 %
12.4 %
Cost of revenues increased by $22.3 million, or 12.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. Data costs increased by $10.6 million
primarily due to higher TV data licensing costs to expand our data footprint and data rights, including our expanded data license with Charter. Royalties
and resellers expenses increased $4.1 million primarily due to a $2.0 million one-time, non-cash benefit related to certain revenue share arrangements
recorded in the fourth quarter of 2020, lower costs during 2020 due to less revenue associated with revenue sharing arrangements, and a reclassification of
costs historically captured in data costs to better reflect the nature of the services provided. Systems and bandwidth costs increased $3.2 million primarily
due to increases in cloud-based data storage and bandwidth capacity. Employee costs increased $2.5 million as we allocated more employee resources
towards support of our products and operating infrastructure and modified certain employee incentive compensation. Lease expense and depreciation
increased $2.0 million primarily due to higher depreciation driven by previously capitalized internal-use software costs. Sample and survey costs increased
$1.9 million primarily due to higher sales and deliveries of digital marketing solutions. Other expenses increased by $1.2 million primarily due to higher
contract fulfillment costs associated with the delivery of our cross-platform products in Europe. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in panel costs of
$3.9 million primarily due to lower recruitment and support costs for our mobile panels.
Cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
(In thousands)
Data costs
Employee costs
Systems and bandwidth costs
Panel costs
Lease expense and depreciation
Technology
Sample and survey costs
Professional fees
Royalties and resellers
Other
Total cost of revenues
(1)
Calculation is not meaningful.
Year Ended December 31,
2020
% of Revenue
2019
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
$
$
63,598
38,920
24,349
19,075
16,970
5,710
5,133
4,272
(33)
2,718
180,712
17.9 % $
10.9 %
6.8 %
5.4 %
4.8 %
1.6 %
1.4 %
1.2 %
— %
0.8 %
50.8 % $
60,165
50,996
25,023
20,901
15,052
5,887
7,225
6,985
4,027
3,361
199,622
15.5 % $
13.1 %
6.4 %
5.4 %
3.9 %
1.5 %
1.9 %
1.8 %
1.0 %
0.9 %
51.4 % $
3,433
(12,076)
(674)
(1,826)
1,918
(177)
(2,092)
(2,713)
(4,060)
(643)
(18,910)
5.7 %
(23.7)%
(2.7)%
(8.7)%
12.7 %
(3.0)%
(29.0)%
(38.8)%
(1)
NM
(19.1)%
(9.5)%
Cost of revenues decreased by $18.9 million, or 9.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. Employee costs decreased $12.1
million primarily due to lower headcount. Royalties and resellers costs decreased $4.1 million primarily due to a $2.0 million one-time, non-cash benefit
related to certain revenue share arrangements recorded in the fourth quarter of 2020 and lower costs due to less revenue associated with revenue sharing
arrangements. Professional fees decreased $2.7 million primarily due to a decrease in consulting services. Sample and survey costs decreased $2.1 million
primarily due to lower sales and deliveries of digital marketing solutions. Panel costs decreased $1.8 million driven by lower recruitment and support costs
for our mobile panels. Offsetting these decreases was an increase in data costs of $3.4 million primarily due to increases in data licensing agreements as we
continued to invest in product solution offerings through the acquisition of additional TV data. Lease expense and depreciation increased $1.9 million
primarily due to increased depreciation driven by previously capitalized internal-use software costs.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee costs, including salaries, benefits, commissions, stock-based compensation and other related
costs for personnel associated with sales and marketing activities, as well as costs related to online and offline advertising,
34
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industry conferences, promotional materials, public relations, other sales and marketing programs and allocated overhead, which is comprised of lease
expense and other facilities-related costs, and depreciation expense generated by general purpose equipment and software.
Selling and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
(In thousands)
2021
% of Revenue
2020
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
Year Ended December 31,
Employee costs
Lease expense and depreciation
Technology
Professional fees
Travel
Other
Total selling and marketing expenses
$
$
55,966
4,217
2,621
2,024
333
1,776
66,937
15.2 % $
1.1 %
0.7 %
0.6 %
0.1 %
0.5 %
18.2 % $
57,629
4,980
2,579
2,651
720
1,661
70,220
16.2 % $
1.4 %
0.7 %
0.7 %
0.2 %
0.5 %
19.7 % $
(1,663)
(763)
42
(627)
(387)
115
(3,283)
(2.9)%
(15.3)%
1.6 %
(23.7)%
(53.8)%
6.9 %
(4.7)%
Selling and marketing expenses decreased by $3.3 million, or 4.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. Employee costs decreased
$1.7 million primarily due to lower commission expense and a decrease in employee headcount. Lease and depreciation expense decreased $0.8 million
primarily due to lower rent as we reduced our office footprint and sublet two locations during 2020.
Selling and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
(In thousands)
Employee costs
Lease expense and depreciation
Professional fees
Technology
Travel
Other
Total selling and marketing expenses
2020
Year Ended December 31,
2019
% of Revenue
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
$
$
57,629
4,980
2,651
2,579
720
1,661
70,220
16.2 % $
1.4 %
0.7 %
0.7 %
0.2 %
0.5 %
19.7 % $
71,979
5,690
2,521
2,726
3,260
2,969
89,145
18.5 % $
1.5 %
0.6 %
0.7 %
0.8 %
0.8 %
22.9 % $
(14,350)
(710)
130
(147)
(2,540)
(1,308)
(18,925)
(19.9)%
(12.5)%
5.2 %
(5.4)%
(77.9)%
(44.1)%
(21.2)%
Selling and marketing expenses decreased by $18.9 million, or 21.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. Employee costs
decreased $14.4 million primarily as a result of lower headcount and a decrease in sales commissions. Travel costs decreased $2.5 million, and other costs
decreased $1.3 million, primarily due to a reduction in travel and lower marketing and event costs as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses include product development costs, consisting primarily of employee costs including salaries, benefits, stock-based
compensation and other related costs for personnel associated with research and development activities, third-party expenses to develop new products and
third-party data costs and allocated overhead, which is comprised of lease expense and other facilities-related costs, and depreciation expense related to
general purpose equipment and software.
Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
2021
% of Revenue
2020
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
Employee costs
Technology
Lease expense and depreciation
Professional fees
Other
Total research and development expenses
$
$
29,116
4,264
3,555
1,664
524
39,123
7.9 % $
1.2 %
1.0 %
0.5 %
0.1 %
10.7 % $
28,512
4,322
3,999
1,258
615
38,706
8.0 % $
1.2 %
1.1 %
0.4 %
0.2 %
10.9 % $
604
(58)
(444)
406
(91)
417
2.1 %
(1.3)%
(11.1)%
32.3 %
(14.8)%
1.1 %
Research and development expenses increased by $0.4 million, or 1.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. Employee costs
increased $0.6 million primarily due to higher stock-based compensation expense and the modification of certain employee incentive compensation.
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Table of Contents
Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
2020
% of Revenue
2019
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
Employee costs
Technology
Lease expense and depreciation
Professional fees
Other
Total research and development expenses
$
$
28,512
4,322
3,999
1,258
615
38,706
8.0 % $
1.2 %
1.1 %
0.4 %
0.2 %
10.9 % $
47,626
4,164
5,958
2,860
1,194
61,802
12.3 % $
1.1 %
1.5 %
0.7 %
0.3 %
15.9 % $
(19,114)
158
(1,959)
(1,602)
(579)
(23,096)
(40.1)%
3.8 %
(32.9)%
(56.0)%
(48.5)%
(37.4)%
Research and development expenses decreased by $23.1 million, or 37.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. Employee costs
decreased $19.1 million primarily due to lower headcount. Lease expense and depreciation decreased $2.0 million primarily due to lower rent as we
reduced our office footprint and sublet two locations during 2020. Professional fees decreased $1.6 million primarily due to a decrease in consulting
services.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee costs including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related costs, and
related expenses for executive management, finance, human capital, legal and other administrative functions, as well as professional fees, overhead,
including allocated overhead, which is comprised of lease expense and other facilities-related costs, depreciation expense related to general purpose
equipment and software, and expenses incurred for other general corporate purposes.
General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
2021
% of Revenue
2020
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
Employee costs
Professional fees
Technology
Lease expense and depreciation
Bad debt (benefit) expense
Other
Total general and administrative expenses
(1)
Calculation is not meaningful.
$
$
33,571
16,194
2,922
1,888
(80)
7,241
61,736
9.1 % $
4.4 %
0.8 %
0.5 %
— %
2.0 %
16.8 % $
28,205
12,922
2,246
2,114
1,693
8,603
55,783
7.9 % $
3.6 %
0.6 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
2.4 %
15.7 % $
5,366
3,272
676
(226)
(1,773)
(1,362)
5,953
19.0 %
25.3 %
30.1 %
(10.7)%
(1)
NM
(15.8)%
10.7 %
General and administrative expenses increased by $6.0 million, or 10.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. Employee costs
increased $5.4 million primarily due to higher stock-based compensation expense and the modification of certain employee incentive compensation.
Professional fees increased $3.3 million primarily due to increased consulting and audit fees in 2021 related to implementation support for our new ERP
system. These increases were offset by a decrease in bad debt expense of $1.8 million primarily due to the increase in our allowance in the first half of 2020
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
2020
% of Revenue
2019
% of Revenue
$ Variance
% Variance
Employee costs
Professional fees
Lease expense and depreciation
Bad debt expense
Transition services agreement
Other
Total general and administrative expenses
$
$
28,205
12,922
2,114
1,693
—
10,849
55,783
7.9 % $
3.6 %
0.6 %
0.5 %
— %
3.0 %
15.7 % $
34,435
18,385
2,491
727
667
9,714
66,419
8.9 % $
4.7 %
0.6 %
0.2 %
0.2 %
2.5 %
17.1 % $
(6,230)
(5,463)
(377)
966
(667)
1,135
(10,636)
(18.1)%
(29.7)%
(15.1)%
132.9 %
(100.0)%
11.7 %
(16.0)%
General and administrative expenses decreased by $10.6 million, or 16.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. Employee costs
decreased $6.2 million primarily due to $3.3 million in severance costs for certain executives who exited in 2019, as well as lower headcount and a
decrease in stock-based compensation expense. Professional fees decreased $5.5 million primarily due to reduced audit and legal fees in 2020 as compared
to 2019, and fees related to the issuance of Common Stock and warrants in 2019. These decreases were offset by an increase in bad debt expense of $1.0
million primarily due to increased reserves related to customers impacted by the current economic environment.
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Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
Loss on extinguishment of debt represents the difference between the carrying value of our debt instruments and any consideration paid to our creditors in
the form of cash or shares of our Common Stock on the extinguishment date.
In 2021, we recorded a $9.6 million loss on debt extinguishment related to the payoff of the Notes and the Secured Term Note on March 10, 2021. The
primary drivers of the extinguishment loss were the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and issuance discounts, the issuance of additional
shares of Common Stock in connection with the extinguishment, and the derecognition of the interest rate reset derivative liability on the Notes. These
components are described in Footnote 6, Debt.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization expense consists of charges related to the amortization of intangible assets associated with acquisitions, primarily our Rentrak merger in
which we acquired $170.3 million of finite-lived intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets decreased by $2.2 million, or 8.0%, for 2021 as
compared to 2020 due primarily to certain acquired software and customer relationship intangibles having reached the end of their useful lives.
Amortization of intangible assets decreased by $2.9 million, or 9.5%, for 2020 as compared to 2019 due primarily to the impairment of an intangible asset
as described below.
Impairment of Right-of-use and Long-lived Assets
In 2020, we recorded a $4.7 million impairment charge related to our facility lease right-of-use assets and associated leasehold improvements for certain
properties on the market for sublease. The impairment charge was driven by changes in our projected undiscounted cash flows for certain properties,
primarily as a result of changes in the real estate market related to the COVID-19 pandemic, that led to an increase in the estimated marketing time and a
reduction of expected receipts.
Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Asset
In 2019, as a result of a sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization, changes in management, and lower revenue, among other factors, we
performed an interim impairment review of our goodwill and long-lived assets. Our reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test, and as a result
we recorded a $224.3 million impairment charge.
We also recorded an impairment charge related to our strategic alliance intangible asset during 2019. Changes in our projected revenue in certain non-U.S.
geographic markets due to the changing international competitive landscape, as well as significant reductions in international staffing, resulted in a change
in our long-term view of the viability of the intangible asset. As such, our assessment yielded that the benefit of the strategic alliance would not be realized.
The fair value of the strategic alliance intangible asset was estimated using an income approach, resulting in an impairment charge for the full carrying
value of the long-lived asset of $17.3 million. While this was a non-cash charge, it reduced amortization expense by approximately $3.0 million on an
annualized basis.
For further information refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates.
Investigation and Audit Related
Investigation and audit related expenses were $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. No similar costs were incurred during the years ended
December 31, 2021 and 2020. Investigation expenses include professional fees associated with legal and forensic accounting services rendered in
connection with the previously disclosed internal Audit Committee investigation into matters related to the Company's revenue recognition practices,
disclosures, internal controls, corporate culture and employment practices prior to 2017. Audit related expenses consist of professional fees associated with
accounting related consulting services and external auditor fees associated with the audit of our Consolidated Financial Statements for the prior years.
Litigation related expenses include legal fees associated with various lawsuits or investigations, including those initiated either directly or indirectly as a
result of the Audit Committee's investigation. The decrease in investigation and audit related expenses was due to the conclusion of the Audit Committee
investigation and multi-year audit in 2018, as well as the resolution of related legal proceedings. We resolved the related SEC investigation in September
2019, and as such, incurred no investigation and audit related expenses during 2021 and 2020.
Restructuring
We incurred restructuring expenses $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, related to significant reductions in headcount and reorganization of
our business. No such expenses were incurred during 2021 or 2020.
Settlement of Litigation, Net
Settlement of litigation, net consists of gains and losses from the settlement of various litigation matters. The $2.9 million net settlement of litigation
expense for 2019 relates to the conclusion of the SEC investigation.
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Table of Contents
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net consists of interest income and interest expense. Interest income primarily consists of interest earned from our cash and cash
equivalent balances. Interest expense relates to interest on our Notes, Secured Term Note, Revolving Credit Agreement, sale-leaseback agreement, and our
finance leases.
Interest expense, net, decreased $28.0 million during 2021 to $7.8 million as compared to $35.8 million in 2020. The decrease in interest expense for the
year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020 was primarily due to the extinguishment of the Notes and the Secured Term Note in March 2021, as
described in Footnote 6, Debt.
Interest expense, net, increased $4.3 million during 2020 to $35.8 million as compared to $31.5 million in 2019. Interest expense increased in 2020
primarily as a result of the interest rate reset feature on the Notes, and the issuance of the Secured Term Note in December 2019.
Refer to Footnote 6, Debt for information on our debt and related extinguishments.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other (expense) income, net represents income and expenses incurred that are generally not recurring in nature or are not part of our normal operations.
The following is a summary of other (expense) income, net:
(In thousands)
Change in fair value of financing derivatives
Change in fair value of warrants liability
Change in fair value of investment in equity securities
Other
Total other (expense) income, net
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
1,800 $
(7,689)
—
111
(5,778) $
10,287 $
4,894
—
(627)
14,554 $
5,100
(2,411)
(2,324)
1,289
1,654
$
$
Total other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $5.8 million as compared to total other income, net of $14.6 million in 2020. The shift
from other income, net was largely driven by a loss from the change in the fair value of our warrants liability, partially offset by lower gains from the
change in fair value of our financing derivatives. The loss on the warrants liability for 2021 was due primarily to the exercise price adjustment described in
Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, and an increase in the trading price of our Common Stock during 2021. The
gain on the financing derivatives was primarily due to the passage of time as our remaining future interest obligations declined over the term of the Notes
prior to their extinguishment in March 2021.
Total other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $14.6 million as compared to total other income, net of $1.7 million in 2019. The
increase in other income, net was primarily driven by gains from the change in fair value of warrants liability and financing derivatives. Additionally, we
had no loss on equity securities in 2020 compared with a decline in the fair value of equity securities that were sold in 2019.
Gain (Loss) from Foreign Currency Transactions
Our foreign currency transactions are recorded as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the transactional currency and the functional
currency of foreign subsidiary transactions.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the gain from foreign currency transactions was $2.9 million. The gain was primarily driven by fluctuations in the
Euro and Chilean Peso against the U.S. Dollar and Chilean Peso against the Euro.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the loss from foreign currency transactions was $4.5 million. The loss was primarily driven by fluctuations in the
Chilean Peso against both the U.S. Dollar and Brazilian Real and the U.S. Dollar against the Euro.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the gain from foreign currency transactions was $0.3 million. The gain was primarily driven by fluctuations of the
average Chilean Peso against the U.S. Dollar.
Income Tax (Provision) Benefit
A valuation allowance has been established against our net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets, and certain foreign deferred tax assets, including net
operating loss carryforwards. As a result, our income tax position is primarily related to foreign tax activity and U.S. deferred taxes for tax deductible
goodwill and other indefinite-lived liabilities.
During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we recorded an income tax (provision) benefit of $(0.9) million, $(0.9) million, and $1.0
million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (1.7)%, (1.9)%, and 0.3%, respectively. These effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate
primarily due to the effects of certain permanent items, foreign tax rate differences, and increases in the valuation allowance against our domestic deferred
tax assets.
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Table of Contents
Included within tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 are income tax adjustments of $9.2 million for permanent differences in the book and
tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, nondeductible interest expense on
debt instruments and associated derivatives, and other nondeductible expenses. Also included is a favorable return to provision true-up adjustment of $8.3
million for a prior year permanent difference related to foreign earnings taxable in the U.S. as a result of a tax restructuring that occurred during 2020. Tax
expense of $16.3 million has also been included for an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit
of our operating losses in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. This increase was offset by a tax benefit of $2.8 million for the release of a portion of
our U.S. valuation allowance as a result of the Shareablee acquisition.
Included within tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 are income tax adjustments of $8.9 million for permanent differences in the book and
tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, nondeductible interest expense on
debt instruments and associated derivatives, and other nondeductible expenses. Also included is an adjustment of $11.2 million for a permanent difference
related to foreign earnings taxable in the U.S. as a result of a tax restructuring that occurred during the year.
Included within tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2019 are income tax adjustments of $58.6 million related to the impairment of goodwill and
$15.2 million for permanent differences in the book and tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain
executive compensation, nondeductible interest expense on debt instruments and associated derivatives, and other nondeductible expenses. Income tax
expense of $17.3 million has also been included for increases in the valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit of
our operating losses in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has a global reach, and many countries have introduced measures that provide relief to taxpayers in a variety of ways. We have
evaluated these measures, including the CARES Act in the United States, and have concluded that these did not have a significant impact on our income
tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of the periods identified:
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Overview
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
9,856 $
717 $
(14,648)
(22,452)
(1,218)
(28,462)
(15,555)
(2,096)
902
(16,032)
(4,636)
(10,460)
31,973
(302)
16,575
Our principal uses of cash consist of cash paid for data, payroll and other operating expenses, including expenses incurred in prior periods; payments
related to investments in equipment, primarily to support our consumer panels and technical infrastructure required to deliver our products and services and
support our customers; service of our debt and lease facilities; and, beginning in 2021, our dividend payment obligations.
As of December 31, 2021, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaling $22.3 million, including $0.4
million in restricted cash, as well as amounts available to us under our Revolving Credit Agreement, as described below.
Our principal sources of liquidity have historically been our cash and cash equivalents, as well as cash flow generated from operations. Our operating
losses and interest payments on our Notes and Secured Term Note, as well as the scheduled maturity of the Notes in January 2022, resulted in a need to
secure long-term financing to extinguish the Notes and increase working capital.
On March 10, 2021, we entered into separate Securities Purchase Agreements with each of Charter, Qurate and Pine. At the closing of the Transactions, we
issued and sold (a) to Charter, 27,509,203 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock") in exchange for $68.0 million, (b) to Qurate,
27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million and (c) to Pine, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million. On
June 30, 2021, in accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock, we paid cash dividends totaling $4.8 million to the holders of the
Preferred Stock, representing dividends accrued for the period from March 10, 2021 through June 29, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, accrued dividends
for the Preferred Stock totaled $7.9 million.
The proceeds from the Transactions were used to repay the Notes. See "Senior Secured Convertible Notes" below. In connection with the closing, we also
repaid the Secured Term Note and certain transaction-related expenses with cash from our balance sheet. See "Secured Term Note" below. For additional
information on the Transactions and related debt extinguishments, refer to Footnote 6, Debt and Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and
Stockholders' Equity.
On May 5, 2021, we entered into the Revolving Credit Agreement with Bank of America N.A. The Revolving Credit Agreement provides a borrowing
capacity equal to $40.0 million (increased from $25.0 million on February 25, 2022). As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding
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borrowings of $16.0 million under the Revolving Credit Agreement. In addition to these borrowings, we had issued and outstanding letters of credit
totaling $3.3 million under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2021, leaving a remaining borrowing capacity of $5.7 million as of
December 31, 2021.
On February 25, 2022, we expanded the borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Agreement to $40.0 million, which increased our remaining
borrowing capacity to $20.7 million.
Pandemic Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions have had a significant impact on the media, advertising and entertainment
industries in which we operate. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has had some impact on our business, including with respect to the execution of new and
renewal contracts, the impact of closed movie theaters on our customers, customer payment delays and requests to modify contractual payment terms.
These conditions have negatively impacted our revenue and cash flows, particularly in our Movies Reporting and Analytics business, and could continue to
have an impact in future periods.
It is possible that long-term changes in consumer behavior will impact our customers' operations, and thus their demand for our services and ability to pay,
even after the spread of COVID-19 has been contained and businesses are permitted to resume normal operations. While we have taken actions to mitigate
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, control costs and improve our working capital balance, these steps may not be successful or adequate if customer
demand or cash collection efforts are further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors.
Preferred Stock
On March 10, 2021, in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreements described above, we issued 82,527,609 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange
for gross cash proceeds of $204.0 million. The shares were issued at a par value of $0.001. Net proceeds from the Transactions totaled $187.9 million after
deducting issuance costs. Shares of Preferred Stock are convertible into Common Stock as described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred
Stock and Stockholders' Equity. As of December 31, 2021, each share of Preferred Stock was convertible into 1.038542 shares of Common Stock, with
such conversion rate scheduled to return to 1.00 upon payment of accrued dividends on June 30, 2022.
The holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to participate in all dividends declared on the Common Stock on an as-converted basis and are also entitled to a
cumulative dividend at the rate of 7.5% per annum, payable annually in arrears and subject to increase under certain specified circumstances. In addition,
after January 1, 2022, such holders are entitled to request, and we must take all actions reasonably necessary to pay, a one-time special dividend on the
Preferred Stock equal to the highest dividend that our Board of Directors determines can be paid at the applicable time (or a lesser amount agreed by the
holders), subject to additional conditions and limitations described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity. We
may be obligated to obtain debt financing in order to effectuate the special dividend, which could significantly impact our financial position and liquidity
depending on the timing and scope of the dividend payment and related financing. Moreover, this obligation could lead us to refinance or terminate the
Revolving Credit Agreement prior to its maturity, due to its restrictions on our ability to incur additional debt.
Revolving Credit Agreement
On May 5, 2021, we entered into the Revolving Credit Agreement, which matures on May 5, 2024. The Revolving Credit Agreement provides a borrowing
capacity equal to $40.0 million (increased from $25.0 million on February 25, 2022). We may also request the issuance of letters of credit under the
Revolving Credit Agreement in an aggregate amount up to $5.0 million, which reduces the amount of available borrowings by the amount of such issued
and outstanding letters of credit.
The amount we are able to borrow under the Revolving Credit Agreement is subject to compliance with the financial covenants, satisfaction of various
conditions precedent to borrowing and other provisions of the Revolving Credit Agreement. Notably, the Revolving Credit Agreement contains financial
covenants that require us to maintain minimum Consolidated EBITDA and a minimum Consolidated Asset Coverage Ratio for periods through December
31, 2022, and a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for periods after December 31, 2022 (each term as defined in the Revolving Credit
Agreement). As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with our covenants under the Revolving Credit Agreement, and based on our current plans,
we do not anticipate a breach of these covenants that would result in an event of default under the Revolving Credit Agreement.
As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding borrowings of $16.0 million under the Revolving Credit Agreement. In addition to these borrowings, we had
issued and outstanding letters of credit totaling $3.3 million under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2021, leaving a remaining
borrowing capacity of $5.7 million as of December 31, 2021. The borrowed funds were used to reduce our accounts payable balances, primarily related to
expenses incurred in prior periods, and support our working capital position. While we continue to take steps to reduce our outstanding trade payables and
improve our working capital position, our liquidity could be negatively affected if we are unable to generate sufficient cash from operations to meet our
financial obligations as they come due.
For additional information on the Revolving Credit Agreement, refer to Footnote 6, Debt.
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Sale of Common Stock and Warrants
On June 23, 2019, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with CVI Investments, Inc. ("CVI") pursuant to which we sold to CVI for aggregate
gross proceeds of $20.0 million (i) 2,728,513 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Series A Warrants, Series B-1 Warrants, Series B-2 Warrants and Series C
Warrants to initially purchase up to 11,654,033 shares of Common Stock (the "Private Placement"). On October 14, 2019, we issued 2,728,513 shares of
Common Stock to CVI upon exercise by CVI of the Series C Warrants. As a result of this exercise, the number of shares issuable under our Series A
Warrants was increased by 2,728,513. On January 29, 2020, the Series B-1 Warrants expired unexercised. On August 3, 2020, the Series B-2 Warrants
expired unexercised.
For additional information on the Private Placement and the adjustment to the exercise price of our Series A Warrants in connection with the Transactions
(which adjustment could reduce the cash proceeds we receive upon exercise of the Series A Warrants), refer to Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable
Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity.
Senior Secured Convertible Notes
On January 16, 2018, we entered into certain agreements with funds affiliated with or managed by Starboard Value LP (collectively "Starboard"), pursuant
to which we issued and sold to Starboard $150.0 million in Notes in exchange for $85.0 million in cash and 2,600,000 shares of Common Stock. On May
17, 2018, we issued and sold to Starboard $50.0 million of Notes in exchange for $15.0 million in cash and 1,400,000 shares of Common Stock. Later in
2018 we issued an aggregate of $4.0 million in Notes to Starboard, bringing the total balance of Notes as of December 31, 2020 to $204.0 million. The
proceeds from the Transactions were used to repay the Notes issued to Starboard, resulting in termination of related covenants under the Notes, including
limitations on indebtedness and liens and maintenance of certain minimum cash balances that had limited our financial flexibility in prior periods.
For additional information on the Notes, refer to Footnote 6, Debt.
Secured Term Note
On December 31, 2019, our wholly owned subsidiary, Rentrak B.V., entered into an agreement with several third parties for the Secured Term Note in
exchange for gross proceeds of $13.0 million. The Secured Term Note had an annual interest rate of 9.75% payable monthly in cash. In connection with the
Transactions, we repaid the Secured Term Note and certain transaction-related expenses with cash from our balance sheet.
For additional information on the Secured Term Note, refer to Footnote 6, Debt.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash represents security deposits for subleased office space. As of December 31, 2020, restricted cash also represented our requirement to
collateralize the Secured Term Note and outstanding letters of credit. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $0.4 million and $19.6 million of
restricted cash, respectively. Repayment of the Secured Term Note resulted in the termination of the collateralization requirement thereunder, and no cash
was restricted relating to the Secured Term Note as of December 31, 2021. We also transferred outstanding letters of credit totaling $3.3 million under the
Revolving Credit Agreement, which further reduced our restricted cash balance as this facility does not require letters of credit to be cash collateralized.
Operating Activities
Our primary source of cash provided by operating activities is revenues generated from sales of our products and services. Our primary uses of cash from
operating activities include personnel costs and costs related to data and infrastructure used to develop and maintain our products and services.
Cash used in operating activities is calculated by adjusting our net loss for changes in working capital, as well as by excluding non-cash items such as:
depreciation, non-cash operating lease expense, amortization expense of finance leases and intangible assets, impairment of right-of-use assets, stock-based
compensation, deferred tax provision, change in the fair value of financing derivatives, warrants liability and equity securities, loss on extinguishment of
debt, non-cash interest expense on the Notes, accretion of debt discount, and amortization of deferred financing costs.
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2021 was $9.9 million compared to net cash provided of $0.7 million in 2020. The increase in cash provided by
operating activities was primarily attributable to a decrease in the cash interest paid on the Notes in 2021 of $21.4 million compared to 2020 (interest of
$10.8 million on the Notes was paid in shares of Common Stock in 2021). Offsetting the reduction in cash interest paid was a net decrease in operating
assets and liabilities of $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to a net decrease of $20.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 2020. The decrease in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to decreases in our accounts payable and accrued expense balances
in 2021 compared to 2020 as we paid invoices related to expenses incurred in prior periods.
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2020 was $0.7 million compared to net cash used of $4.6 million in 2019. The increase in cash provided by
operating activities during 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily attributable to a decrease in net loss, lower investigation and
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audit related expenses, decrease in headcount, and results of restructuring, offset by additional cash interest paid on the Notes of $21.4 million in 2020 in
comparison to $3.0 million in 2019.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities primarily consists of payments related to capitalized internal-use software costs, purchases of computer and network
equipment to support our technical infrastructure, and furniture and equipment. The extent of these investments will be affected by our ability to expand
relationships with existing customers, grow our customer base and introduce new digital formats, as well as constraints on cash expenditures due to our
financial position and the current economic environment.
Net cash used in investing activities in 2021 was $14.6 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $15.6 million in 2020. The decrease in
cash used in investing activities was primarily due to net cash received as part of the Shareablee acquisition in 2021.
Net cash used in investing activities in 2020 was $15.6 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $10.5 million in 2019. This increase in
net cash used in investing activities was attributable to an increase of $3.6 million in payments for capitalized internally developed software and a decline
of $3.8 million compared to receipts from the sale of an investment in 2019, partially offset by a $2.3 million decrease in purchases of property and
equipment in 2020 compared with 2019.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in 2021 was $22.5 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $2.1 million in 2020. The increase in
cash used in financing activities was primarily due to the repayment of the Notes and the Secured Term Note in March 2021, and payment of $4.8 million
in cash dividends to the holders of the Preferred Stock in June 2021. These increases in cash used were partially offset by cash proceeds of $204.0 million
from the issuance of the Preferred Stock discussed above (net of $16.1 million in related transaction costs) and cash proceeds of $16.0 million from
borrowing under the Revolving Credit Agreement.
Net cash provided by financing activities in 2020 was $2.1 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $32.0 million in 2019. The shift
to cash used in financing activities from cash provided by financing activities was largely due to gross cash proceeds of $20.0 million from the sale of
shares of Common Stock and warrants in the Private Placement, $13.0 million from the issuance of the Secured Term Note, and $4.3 million from the sale-
leaseback transaction during 2019. These were offset by a decrease of $2.5 million in principal payments on finance lease and software licensing
arrangements.
Contractual Payment Obligations
We have certain long-term contractual arrangements that have fixed and determinable payment obligations including unconditional purchase obligations
with MVPDs, operating and financing leases, and data storage and bandwidth arrangements.
We have data licensing agreements with a number of MVPDs for set-top box data. These agreements have remaining terms from one to nine years. As of
December 31, 2021, the total fixed payment obligation related to these agreements is $325.8 million. In addition, we expect to make variable payments
related to one of these arrangements totaling an estimated $26.1 million over the next two years.
We have both operating and financing leases related to corporate office space and equipment. Our leases have remaining terms from one to six years. As of
December 31, 2021, the total fixed payment obligation related to these agreements is $62.5 million.
We have an agreement for cloud-based data storage and bandwidth to help process and store our data. The remaining term for this agreement is two years.
As of December 31, 2021, the total fixed payment obligation related to this agreement is $19.7 million.
Future Capital Requirements
Our ability to generate cash is subject to our performance, general economic conditions, industry trends and other factors, including the timing of cash
collections from our customers, data costs and other trade payables, service of our debt and lease facilities and dividend payment obligations, and expenses
from compliance efforts and legal matters. To the extent that our existing cash, cash equivalents and operating cash flow, together with savings from
repayment of the Notes and Secured Term Note and cost-management initiatives undertaken by our management, are insufficient to fund our future
activities and requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. We may also be required to raise
additional funds in order to pay a special dividend to holders of our Preferred Stock, as described above. Our history of net losses, as well as disruption and
volatility in global capital and credit markets, could impact our ability to access capital resources on terms acceptable to us or allowable under applicable
financing arrangements, or at all. If we issue additional equity securities in order to raise additional funds, pay dividends or for other purposes, further
dilution to existing stockholders may occur.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been
prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to
make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements
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and the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that
we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to an understanding of our financial
condition and results of operations because they involve significant judgments and uncertainties. Actual results in these areas could differ from
management's estimates. Refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information on our most significant accounting
policies.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue under the core principle of depicting the transfer of promised goods and services to our customers in an amount that reflects the
consideration to which we expect to be entitled. Significant judgments used in the determination of the amount and timing of our revenue recognition
include the identification of distinct performance obligations and the allocation of contract consideration among individual performance obligations based
on their relative standalone selling price ("SSP").
Performance obligations are identified by evaluating whether the promised goods and services are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context
of the contract. We have a limited number of monetary contracts with MVPDs that involve both the purchase and sale of services with a single
counterparty. Each contract is assessed to determine if the goods and services exchanged between the two parties represent distinct performance obligations
which can entail significant judgment. The conclusion regarding whether goods and services exchanged are distinct determines whether consideration
received from the counterparty is recognized as revenues (up to the SSP of the distinct goods or services), or as a reduction to the purchase price of the
goods or services recorded in our cost of revenues.
The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative SSP. In most sales contracts, we bundle multiple products and very
few are sold on a standalone basis. As a result, our SSP is not directly observable and we have to develop internal estimates using information that is
reasonably available to us. Our SSP is primarily developed using an adjusted market approach supported by rate cards and pricing calculators that are
periodically reviewed and updated to reflect the best available information. Bundled arrangements may include a combination of distinct goods and
services where some are satisfied over time and others are satisfied at a point in time. Changes to the SSP will impact the amount of consideration allocated
to each performance obligation, which could have an impact on the timing and amount of revenues recognized in future periods as our performance
obligations are satisfied. The determination of SSP also impacts the amount of revenues we can recognize in transactions where consideration is exchanged
with counterparties as described above.
Goodwill
The valuation of goodwill involves the use of management's estimates and assumptions and can have a significant impact on future operating results.
Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying
value including goodwill recorded by the reporting unit.
We have one reporting unit. As such, we perform the impairment assessment for goodwill at the enterprise level. Goodwill is reviewed for possible
impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit
below the carrying value. In assessing the possibility that our reporting unit's fair value has been reduced below its carrying value due to the occurrence of
events or circumstances between annual impairment testing dates, we consider all available evidence including, but not limited to: (i) the results of our
impairment testing from the most recent testing date (in particular, the magnitude of the excess of fair value over carrying value observed), (ii) downward
revisions to internal forecasts, if any, (iii) declines in market capitalization below book value (and the magnitude and duration of those declines), if any, and
(iv) changes in general industry, market and macro-economic conditions.
We determine the fair value of our reporting unit using a combination of the income and market approaches. The results from each of these approaches are
weighted appropriately taking into account the relevance and availability of data at the time we perform the valuation.
Under the income approach, the fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow model based on projected financial performance and discount rates
that take into account an appropriate risk-adjusted return. The discounted cash flow model requires the use of various assumptions in developing the
present value of projected cash flows, the following of which are significant to our analysis:
Projected financial performance: expected future cash flows and growth rates are based upon assumptions of our future revenue growth and
operating costs. Actual results of operations and cash flows will likely differ from those utilized in our discounted cash flow analysis, and it is
possible that those differences could be material.
Long-term growth rate: the long-term growth rate represents the rate at which our single reporting unit's earnings are expected to grow or losses to
decrease. Our assumed long-term growth rate was based on projected long-term inflation and gross domestic product growth estimates for the
countries in which we operate and a long-term growth estimate for our business and the industry in which we operate. The long-term growth rate
selected for the 2021, 2020 and 2019 annual impairment analyses was 3.0%.
Discount rate: our reporting unit's future cash flows are discounted at a rate that is consistent with our average weighted cost of capital that is
likely to be utilized by market participants. The weighted-average cost of capital is our estimate of the overall returns required by both debt and
equity investors, weighted by their respective contributions of capital. We use discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty
inherent in our business and in our internally-developed forecasts. The discount rates selected for the 2021, 2020 and 2019 annual impairment
analyses were 19.0%, 13.5% and 18.0%, respectively. Our selected discount rate was lower
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in 2020 primarily because we utilized a scenario-based approach that incorporated an equal weighting of two different sets of financial projections.
One set of projections incorporated more conservative growth assumptions, and the selected discount rate reflected the lower level of execution
risk in achieving those projections.
Under the market approach, the fair value is determined using certain financial metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions
of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses requires judgment and is based on the markets in which we operate giving consideration
to, amongst other things, risk profiles, size and geography. The market approach may also be limited in instances where there is a lack of recently executed
transactions of comparable businesses. We determine fair value primarily based on selected market multiples based on current and projected revenues
compared to business enterprise value, with an estimated control premium as applicable.
Goodwill allocated to our single reporting unit as of December 31, 2021 was $435.7 million, including $19.2 million in goodwill attributable to our
acquisition of Shareablee in December 2021. As of our most recent annual assessment, which was conducted as of October 1, 2021, the estimated fair value
of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 40%. The projected long-term cash flows used in our fair value estimate are consistent
with our most recent operating plan and are dependent on the successful execution of our business plan, overall industry growth rates and the competitive
environment.
We monitor for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining the fair value of our goodwill, including long-
term growth projections, profitability, discount rates, volatility in our market capitalization, and general industry, market and macro-economic conditions.
The judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods. If the reporting unit's future performance falls below our expectations, or if
there are negative revisions to our fair value assumptions, including those that are significant and discussed above, we may need to record a material, non-
cash goodwill impairment charge in a future period.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. As of
December 31, 2021, we have outstanding warrants that are subject to market risk. We also have interest rate risk for amounts outstanding under our
Revolving Credit Agreement, and foreign currency exchange rate risk from our global operations.
Interest rate risk
As of December 31, 2021, our borrowings, including letters of credit, under the Revolving Credit Agreement bore interest at a variable rate per annum
equal to the Eurodollar Rate (as previously defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) plus an applicable rate equal to 2.25%. As a result, we were subject
to interest rate risk based on a Eurodollar Rate, and our interest obligation on outstanding borrowings fluctuated with movements in the Eurodollar Rate.
On February 25, 2022, we amended our Revolving Credit Agreement, which resulted in the replacement of the Eurodollar Rate with a variable rate per
annum equal to the Daily SOFR (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) plus an applicable rate of 2.50%. As a result, we are subject to interest rate
risk going forward based on the Daily SOFR, and our interest obligation on outstanding borrowings will fluctuate with movements in the Daily SOFR. We
are able to repay any amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement prior to the maturity date without any premium or penalty other than
customary breakage costs.
As of December 31, 2021, our exposure to interest rate risk calculated using either the Eurodollar Rate or the Daily SOFR was not material.
Warrants liability financial instrument risk
As a result of having $10.5 million in liability related to outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2021, which warrants are exercisable for shares of
Common Stock under certain conditions, we are subject to market risk. The value of the warrants is impacted by changes in the market price of our
Common Stock.
As of December 31, 2021, a 10% increase in the market price of our Common Stock would result in a $1.5 million increase in the fair value of the Series A
Warrants, while a 10% decrease in the market price of our Common Stock would result in a $1.5 million decrease in fair value of the Series A Warrants.
For further information on our outstanding warrants, refer to Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity.
Foreign currency risk
We operate globally, and we predominantly generate revenues and expenses in local currencies. We operate in several countries in Europe, as well as
countries throughout South America and Asia Pacific. As such, we have exposure to adverse changes in exchange rates associated with revenues and
operating expenses of our foreign operations, but we believe this exposure is not material at this time. We have not engaged in any transactions that hedge
foreign currency exchange rate risk.
There can be no guarantee that exchange rates will remain constant in future periods. In addition to the impact from the U.S. Dollar to Euro exchange rate
movements, we are also impacted by the movements in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and various South American, Asia Pacific and other
European currencies. We performed a sensitivity analysis, assuming a 10% decrease or increase in the value of foreign
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currencies in which we operate. Our analysis has determined that a 10% decrease in value would have resulted in a decrease to our net loss of
approximately $7.6 million and a 10% increase in value would have resulted in an increase to our net loss of approximately $5.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, of our total $22.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, $11.1 million was held by foreign subsidiaries.
Of this amount, we believe $4.0 million could be subject to income tax withholding of 5% to 15% if the funds were repatriated to the U.S.
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ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
comScore, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
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50
51
52
53
55
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of comScore, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of comScore, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020,
the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in convertible redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity, and
cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements").
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020,
and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 2, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on the
Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial
statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the
Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing
procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits
also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the
financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or
required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2)
involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion
on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical
audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Revenues – Refer to Notes 2 and 4 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company applies the provisions of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all related applicable guidance. The Company's contracts
with customers may include multiple promised goods and services. Contracts with multiple performance obligations typically consist of a mix of
subscriptions to the Company's online database, customized data services, and delivery of periodic custom reports based on information obtained from the
database. In such cases, the Company identifies performance obligations by evaluating whether the promised goods and services are capable of being
distinct and distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. Promised goods and services that are not distinct at contract inception are
combined as one performance obligation. Once the Company identifies the performance obligations, the Company will determine the transaction price
based on contractually fixed amounts and an estimate of variable consideration. In general, the transaction price is determined by estimating the fixed
amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled for transfer of goods and services and all relevant sources and components of variable
consideration. Variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount or expected value approach, depending on which method the Company
expects to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled. Once the Company elects one of the methods to estimate variable
consideration for a particular type of performance obligation, the Company will apply that method consistently. The Company allocates the transaction
price to each performance obligation based on relative standalone selling price ("SSP"). Judgment is exercised to determine the SSP of each distinct
performance obligation. The Company will constrain estimates of variable consideration based on its expectation of recovery from the customer. The
Company recognizes revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Customers may
obtain the control of promised goods or services over time or at a point in time.
Given the complexity of certain of the Company's contracts, we concluded that revenue recognition from these contracts represents a critical audit matter
because of the judgments necessary for management to identify performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate
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transaction price to the performance obligations and recognize revenue when performance obligations are satisfied. Performing audit procedures related to
revenue recognition for these contracts required more extensive audit effort and a higher degree of auditor judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to evaluating the significant estimates and judgments used by management in the determination of the accounting for certain
revenue contracts, including the identification of performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the
performance obligations and recognition of revenue when performance obligations are satisfied, included the following, among others:
• We tested the effectiveness of controls, including controls over the identification of performance obligations, determination of the transaction
price, allocation of the transaction price, and determination of when performance obligations are satisfied.
•
For a selection of revenue contracts identified as having more complex terms, we performed the following:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Analysed the contract to determine if all arrangement terms that may have an impact on revenue recognition were identified and
independently evaluated management's accounting for the contract.
Tested management's identification of distinct performance obligations by evaluating whether the underlying goods, services, or both
were capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract.
Tested the relative stand-alone selling prices by recalculating the stand-alone selling prices of the performance obligations and evaluating
the assumptions used by the Company to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. We evaluated
the methodology used to determine the standalone selling price by comparison to historical analyses prepared by the Company and
practices observed in the industry. We also tested the data used in the analysis.
Tested the timing of revenue recognition by evaluating whether revenue should be recognized over time or at a point in time, and whether
the revenue was recognized in the appropriate period by examining evidence of delivery or access to support the timing of revenue
recognition based on the product or service type.
Tested the mathematical accuracy of management's calculation of revenue.
◦ Obtained external confirmations evidencing the delivery of the performance obligation(s) and confirming there are no side agreements.
◦ With the assistance of professionals in our firm having expertise in the recognition of revenue, we evaluated revenue recognition in
accordance with ASC 606.
Goodwill – Goodwill Impairment Analysis – Refer to Notes 2 and 10 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value including
goodwill. The Company has a single reporting unit. Accordingly, the impairment assessment for goodwill is performed at the enterprise level. Goodwill is
reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of
the reporting unit below its carrying value. The carrying value of the reporting unit is reviewed utilizing a combination of the discounted cash flow model
and a market value approach. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined based on assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows,
discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values.
The Company monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining fair value, including long-term
growth rates, profitability, discount rates, volatility in the Company's market capitalization, general industry, and market and macro-economic conditions.
The Company completed its annual assessment on October 1, 2021, and there was no impairment of goodwill at the assessment date. The goodwill balance
was $435.7 million as of December 31, 2021.
We identified goodwill for the Company as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of
the reporting unit, specifically related to the selection of the discount rate and forecasts of future revenue. Performing audit procedures to evaluate the
reasonableness of management's estimates and assumptions related to selection of the discount rate and forecasts of future revenue required a high degree
of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of future revenue and the selection of the discount rate for the Company's goodwill impairment included the
following, among others:
• We tested the effectiveness of controls over management's goodwill impairment evaluations, including those over the forecasts of future revenue
and management's selection of the discount rate.
• We evaluated management's ability to accurately forecast revenue by comparing the actual results to management's historical projections from
2020.
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• We sensitized management projections to determine areas of audit focus.
• We evaluated the reasonableness of management's forecasted revenue by comparing the forecasts to:
◦ Historical revenue growth.
◦ Historical industry revenue growth rates and revenue growth rates of peer group companies.
◦
◦
◦
◦
Economic forecasts considering the impact of macro-economic conditions.
Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors.
Forecasted information included in analyst and industry reports for the Company and certain of its peer group.
Public information related to addressable market opportunities.
• With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology and (2) discount rates by:
◦
Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate and the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.
◦ Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.
• We evaluated the impact of changes in management's revenue forecasts from the October 1, 2021 annual measurement date to December 31, 2021.
Preferred Stock – Accounting for preferred stock agreements in connection with investment transaction – Refer to Notes 2 and 5 to the financial
statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
On January 7, 2021, the Company entered into separate Securities Purchase Agreements with each of Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC
("Charter"), Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Pine Investor, LLC ("Pine") (the "Securities Purchase Agreements"). The issuance of securities pursuant to
the Securities Purchase Agreements (the "Transactions") and related matters were approved by the Company's stockholders on March 9, 2021 and
completed on March 10, 2021. At the closing of the Transactions, the Company issued and sold (a) to Charter, 27,509,203 shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock") in exchange for $68.0 million, (b) to Qurate, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million and
(c) to Pine, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million. The shares were issued at par value of $0.001. Net proceeds from the
Transactions totaled $187.9 million after deducting issuance costs.
The Preferred Stock includes a change of control put option which allows the holders of the Preferred Stock to require the Company to repurchase such
holders' shares in cash in an amount equal to the initial purchase price plus accrued dividends. The change of control put option was determined to be a
derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Additionally, all financial instruments that are classified as mezzanine equity are evaluated
for embedded derivative features by evaluating each feature against the nature of the host instrument (e.g., more equity-like or debt-like). Features
identified as embedded derivatives that are material are recognized separately as a derivative asset or liability in the consolidated financial statements.
We identified the preferred stock transaction for the Company as a critical audit matter because auditing the appropriate accounting treatment for material
preferred stock contracts required a complex accounting analysis, including considerations around embedded derivative features and the classification of
financial instruments.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the preferred stock transaction included the following, among others:
• We tested the effectiveness of controls over management's evaluation of the preferred stock transaction.
• We read the preferred stock agreements and, with the assistance of professionals in our firm having expertise in the accounting for complex
financial instruments, we analyzed the contracts to determine if all arrangement terms that may have an impact on accounting treatment were
identified and independently evaluated management's accounting for the preferred stock agreements, including an evaluation of the embedded
derivative features.
• We evaluated management's assessment related to the probability of a change of control.
• We tested the cash proceeds from the transaction.
• We analyzed and performed test of details over issuance costs, including the assessment of the proper accounting for such costs.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
McLean, Virginia
March 2, 2022
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.
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(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Assets
Current assets:
COMSCORE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31,
2021
2020
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,173 and $2,757, respectively ($3,606 and $4,045 of accounts receivable
attributable to related parties, respectively)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets ($333 and $1,496 attributable to related parties, respectively)
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Operating right-of-use assets
Deferred tax assets
Intangible assets, net
Goodwill
Other non-current assets
Total assets
Liabilities, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable ($6,575 and $2,817 attributable to related parties, respectively)
Accrued expenses ($4,122 and $835 attributable to related parties, respectively)
Contract liabilities ($3,553 and $3,538 attributable to related parties, respectively)
Customer advances
Warrants liability
Current operating lease liabilities
Secured term note
Other current liabilities ($7,863 and $— attributable to related parties, respectively)
Total current liabilities
Non-current operating lease liabilities
Non-current portion of accrued data costs ($7,843 attributable to related party)
Revolving line of credit
Deferred tax liabilities
Senior secured convertible notes (related party)
Financing derivatives (related party)
Other non-current liabilities ($1,582 and $6,120 attributable to related parties, respectively)
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 82,527,609 and zero shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $211,863 as of December 31, 2021 (related
parties)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 7,472,391 and 5,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2021 and 2020,
respectively; no shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2021 or 2020
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 275,000,000 and 150,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2021 and 2020,
respectively; 97,172,086 shares issued and 90,407,290 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021, and 79,703,342 shares
issued and 72,938,546 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated deficit
Treasury stock, at cost, 6,764,796 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities, convertible redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
50
$
$
$
$
21,854 $
425
72,059
14,769
109,107
36,451
29,186
2,811
39,945
435,711
10,263
663,474 $
23,575 $
45,264
54,011
11,613
10,520
7,538
—
12,850
165,371
36,055
16,005
16,000
2,103
—
—
16,879
252,413
187,885
—
31,126
19,615
69,379
16,910
137,030
30,973
28,959
2,741
52,340
418,327
7,600
677,970
36,640
48,380
58,529
12,477
2,831
7,024
12,644
5,750
184,275
36,127
—
—
627
192,895
11,300
23,756
448,980
—
—
90
1,683,883
(12,098)
(1,218,715)
(229,984)
223,176
663,474 $
73
1,621,986
(7,030)
(1,156,055)
(229,984)
228,990
677,970
Table of Contents
COMSCORE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Revenues
(2)
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
367,013 $
356,036 $
388,645
(1) (2) (3)
(1) (3)
(1) (3)
(1) (3)
Cost of revenues
Selling and marketing
Research and development
General and administrative
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of right-of-use and long-lived assets
Impairment of goodwill
Impairment of intangible asset
Investigation and audit related
(3)
Restructuring
Settlement of litigation, net
Total expenses from operations
Loss from operations
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Interest expense, net
Other (expense) income, net
Gain (loss) from foreign currency transactions
Loss before income taxes
Income tax (provision) benefit
(2)
(2)
Net loss
Net loss available to common stockholders
Net loss
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends
(2)
Total net loss available to common stockholders
Net loss per common share:
Basic and diluted
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculation - Common Stock:
Basic and diluted
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment
Total comprehensive loss
203,044
66,937
39,123
61,736
25,038
—
—
—
—
—
—
395,878
(28,865)
(9,629)
(7,801)
(5,778)
2,895
(49,178)
(859)
(50,037) $
(50,037) $
(12,623)
(62,660) $
180,712
70,220
38,706
55,783
27,219
4,671
—
—
—
—
—
377,311
(21,275)
—
(35,805)
14,554
(4,490)
(47,016)
(902)
(47,918) $
(47,918) $
—
(47,918) $
199,622
89,145
61,802
66,419
30,076
—
224,272
17,308
4,305
3,263
2,900
699,112
(310,467)
—
(31,526)
1,654
336
(340,003)
1,007
(338,996)
(338,996)
—
(338,996)
(0.78) $
(0.67) $
(5.33)
80,802,053
71,181,496
63,590,882
(50,037) $
(47,918) $
(338,996)
(5,068)
(55,105) $
5,303
(42,615) $
(1,712)
(340,708)
$
$
$
$
$
$
(1)
(2)
Excludes amortization of intangible assets, which is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):
Revenues
Cost of revenues
Interest expense, net
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends
(3)
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the line items above as follows:
Cost of revenues
Selling and marketing
Research and development
General and administrative
Restructuring
Total stock-based compensation expense
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
16,285 $
34,534
(4,692)
(9,608)
(12,623)
13,314 $
10,094
(24,480)
—
—
17,464
10,490
(23,494)
—
—
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
1,603 $
1,791
1,079
9,375
—
13,848 $
1,288 $
2,226
886
5,673
—
10,073 $
1,852
3,615
1,981
9,247
(137)
16,558
$
$
$
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
51
Table of Contents
COMSCORE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
Convertible Redeemable
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Amount
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
(10,621) $ (769,095) $ (229,984) $
Treasury
stock, at
cost
Accumulated
Deficit
(1)
(1)
(In thousands, except share data)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Adoption of ASC 842
Net loss
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Issuance of Common Stock - CVI
Common Stock warrants exercised -
Starboard
Common Stock warrants exercised - CVI
Exercise of Common Stock options, net
Interest paid in Common Stock
Restricted stock units vested
Payments for taxes related to net share
settlement of equity awards
Stock-based compensation expense
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Net loss
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Exercise of Common Stock options, net
Interest paid in Common Stock
Restricted stock units vested
Payments for taxes related to net share
settlement of equity awards
Stock-based compensation expense
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Net loss
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, net
of issuance costs
Fair value of Common Stock issued in
connection with acquisition
Conversion shares issued as extinguishment
cost on senior secured convertible notes
Interest paid in Common Stock
Convertible redeemable preferred stock
dividends
Restricted stock units vested
Stock-based compensation expense
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Payments for taxes related to net share
settlement of equity awards
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Shares
Amount
Shares
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
82,527,609
187,885
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
59,389,830 $
—
—
—
2,728,513
323,448
2,728,513
68,259
4,057,129
854,998
(85,560)
—
70,065,130 $
—
—
75,000
1,474,201
1,363,152
(38,937)
—
72,938,546 $
—
—
7,945,519
3,150,000
4,165,781
—
2,362,963
—
—
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
59 $1,561,208 $
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
8,159
—
3
—
4
1
—
5,482
1,191
17,370
4,610
(1,267)
12,605
—
—
70 $1,609,358 $
—
—
—
2
1
—
—
143
3,058
3,064
(117)
6,480
—
—
73 $1,621,986 $
—
—
—
8
3
4
—
2
—
—
—
25,766
9,605
10,808
—
7,117
9,123
—
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
551,567
(46)
(338,996)
(1,712)
8,162
—
—
(1,712)
—
(46)
(338,996)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(12,333) $(1,108,137) $ (229,984) $
(47,918)
—
—
—
—
—
5,303
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(7,030) $(1,156,055) $ (229,984) $
—
—
—
—
—
(50,037)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(5,068)
(12,623)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(12,098) $(1,218,715) $ (229,984) $
—
5,485
1,191
17,374
4,611
(1,267)
12,605
258,974
(47,918)
5,303
143
3,060
3,065
(117)
6,480
228,990
(50,037)
—
25,774
9,608
10,812
(12,623)
7,119
9,123
(5,068)
(522)
223,176
—
—
82,527,609 $ 187,885
(155,519)
90,407,290 $
—
90 $1,683,883 $
(522)
(1)
Transactions for these line items were exclusively with related parties (refer to Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, Footnote 6,
Debt, and Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). Gross proceeds from related parties for
the issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock were $204.0 million.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
COMSCORE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
(50,037) $
(47,918) $
(338,996)
(1)
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation
Stock-based compensation expense
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Change in fair value of warrant liability
Non-cash operating lease expense
Non-cash interest expense on senior secured convertible notes
Amortization expense of finance leases
Accretion of debt discount
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Bad debt (benefit) expense
Deferred tax (benefit) provision
Change in fair value of financing derivatives
Impairment of right-of-use and long-lived assets
Impairment of goodwill
Impairment of intangible asset
Change in fair value of investment in equity securities
Other
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition:
Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities
Contract liability and customer advances
Current operating lease liability
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Investing activities:
Capitalized internal-use software costs
Purchases of property and equipment
Cash and restricted cash acquired from acquisition
Proceeds from sale of investment in equity securities
Net cash used in investing activities
(1)
(1)
Financing activities:
Principal payment and extinguishment costs on senior secured convertible notes
Principal payment and extinguishment costs on secured term note
Payments for dividends on convertible redeemable preferred stock
Principal payments on finance leases
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards
Principal payments on capital lease and software license arrangements
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options
Proceeds from private placement, net of issuance costs paid
Proceeds from secured term note
Proceeds from sale-leaseback financing transaction
Proceeds from borrowings on revolving line of credit
Proceeds from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock, net of issuance costs
Other
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
(1)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
53
25,038
15,793
13,848
9,629
7,689
5,345
4,692
2,188
1,620
378
(80)
(1,719)
(1,800)
—
—
—
—
1,082
(2,081)
(1,145)
(4,210)
(10,777)
(5,597)
9,856
(14,747)
(803)
902
—
(14,648)
(204,014)
(14,031)
(4,760)
(2,138)
(522)
(329)
—
—
—
—
16,000
187,885
(543)
(22,452)
(1,218)
(28,462)
50,741
22,279 $
27,219
14,064
10,073
—
(4,894)
5,555
9,180
1,652
7,571
1,560
1,693
10
(10,287)
4,671
—
—
—
908
2,024
(6,283)
(17,095)
7,341
(6,327)
717
(15,078)
(477)
—
—
(15,555)
—
—
—
(1,754)
(117)
(367)
142
—
—
—
—
—
—
(2,096)
902
(16,032)
66,773
50,741 $
30,076
12,778
16,558
—
2,411
5,369
17,374
2,413
6,242
1,078
727
(3,727)
(5,100)
—
224,272
17,308
2,324
(2)
2,738
2,198
10,438
(3,477)
(7,638)
(4,636)
(11,500)
(2,736)
—
3,776
(10,460)
—
—
—
(2,535)
(1,267)
(2,070)
1,191
19,752
13,000
4,252
—
—
(350)
31,973
(302)
16,575
50,198
66,773
Table of Contents
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid ($—, $21,420 and $3,046 in 2021, 2020, and 2019 attributable to related party,
respectively)
Income taxes paid, net of refunds
Operating cash flows from operating leases
Operating cash flows from finance leases
Supplemental non-cash activities:
Fair value of Common Stock issued in connection with acquisition
(1)
Interest paid in Common Stock
Conversion shares issued as extinguishment cost on senior secured convertible notes
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends accrued but not yet paid
Settlement of restricted stock unit liability
Fair value of contingent consideration recognized upon closing of acquisition
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities
Leasehold improvements acquired through lease incentives
Fair value of warrants issued in private placement
(1)
(1)
$
$
$
$
2021
As of December 31,
2020
2019
21,854 $
425
22,279 $
31,126 $
19,615
50,741 $
46,590
20,183
66,773
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
1,009 $
1,831
9,623
440
25,774 $
10,812
9,608
7,863
7,117
5,600
5,211
3,345
—
—
23,792 $
1,182
11,170
493
— $
—
—
—
3,065
—
669
754
394
—
4,081
1,191
15,546
471
—
—
—
—
4,611
—
397
4,049
2,050
10,798
(1)
Transactions for these line items were exclusively with related parties (refer to Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, Footnote 6,
Debt, and Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). Gross proceeds from related parties for
the issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock were $204.0 million.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
54
Table of Contents
1. Organization
COMSCORE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
comScore, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, "Comscore" or the "Company"), headquartered in Reston, Virginia, is a global
information and analytics company that measures audiences, consumer behavior and advertising across media platforms. On December 16, 2021, the
Company and two newly formed, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement")
with Shareablee, Inc. ("Shareablee"), to acquire Shareablee in exchange for shares of the Company's Common Stock and contingent consideration payable
subject to the achievement of certain conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. Refer to Footnote 3, Business Combination.
Operating segments are defined as components of a business that can earn revenues and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is available
that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The Company's CODM is its Chief Executive Officer, who decides
how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has one operating segment. A single management team reports to the CODM, who
manages the entire business. The Company's CODM reviews consolidated results of operations to make decisions, allocate resources and assess
performance and does not evaluate the profit or loss from any separate geography or product line.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All
intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation.
Reclassification
Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, non-current contract
liabilities have been aggregated within other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Use of Estimates and Judgments in the Preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting periods.
Significant estimates and judgments are inherent in the analysis and the measurement of: management's standalone selling price ("SSP"), principal versus
agent revenue recognition, determination of performance obligations, determination of transaction price, including the determination of variable
consideration and allocation of transaction price to performance obligations, deferred tax assets and liabilities, including the identification and
quantification of income tax liabilities due to uncertain tax positions, the valuation and recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, the determination
of appropriate discount rates for lease accounting, the probability of exercising either lease renewal or termination clauses, the assessment of potential loss
from contingencies, the fair value determination of contingent consideration from business combinations, financing-related liabilities and warrants, and the
valuation of options, performance-based and market-based stock awards. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on
various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results
reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company evaluates the fair value of certain assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that
would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based
measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering
such assumptions, the Company applies the three-tier GAAP value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2 - inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly;
Level 3 - unobservable inputs of which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measure. The Company's
assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and
liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.
Assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include property and equipment, operating right-of-use assets, intangible assets and
goodwill. The Company measures these items at fair value when they are considered to be impaired or, in certain cases, upon initial
55
Table of Contents
recognition. The fair value of these assets are determined with valuation techniques using the best information available and may include market
comparable information, discounted cash flow models, or a combination thereof.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and the current portion of
contract liabilities and customer advances reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these
instruments. The carrying amount of the revolving line of credit approximates fair value due to the variable rate nature of the debt.
Preferred Stock
In 2021, the Company issued shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock") as described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable
Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity. The Preferred Stock includes a change of control put option which allows the holders of the Preferred Stock to
require the Company to repurchase such holders' shares in cash in an amount equal to the initial purchase price plus accrued dividends. The change of
control put option was determined to be a derivative liability. As of December 31, 2021, the probability of a change of control was determined to be remote,
and the fair value of the change of control derivative was determined to be negligible.
The Preferred Stock is contingently redeemable upon certain deemed liquidation events, such as a change in control. Because a deemed liquidation event
could constitute a redemption event outside of the Company's control, all shares of Preferred Stock have been presented outside of permanent equity in
mezzanine equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The instrument is initially recognized at fair value net of issuance costs. The Company reassesses
whether the Preferred Stock is currently redeemable, or probable to become redeemable in the future, as of each reporting date. If the instrument meets
either of these criteria, the Company will accrete the carrying value to the redemption value. The Preferred Stock has not been adjusted to its redemption
amount as of December 31, 2021 because a deemed liquidation event is not considered probable.
All financial instruments that are classified as mezzanine equity are evaluated for embedded derivative features by evaluating each feature against the
nature of the host instrument (for example, more equity-like or debt-like). Features identified as embedded derivatives that are material are recognized
separately as a derivative asset or liability in the financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options
(Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible
instruments, enhances disclosure requirements related to the terms and features of convertible instruments, and amends the guidance for the derivatives
scope exception for contracts settled in an entity's own equity. This ASU removes from GAAP the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a Cash
Conversion Feature and (2) convertible instruments with a Beneficial Conversion Feature. Upon adoption of this new ASU, entities will account for a
convertible debt instrument wholly as debt, and for convertible preferred stock wholly as preferred stock, unless (1) a convertible instrument contains
features that require bifurcation as a derivative, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium.
As a result of the adoption, no embedded features were identified requiring bifurcation under the new model, other than the change of control redemption
feature. The Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach. The standard had no impact on the senior secured convertible notes
(the "Notes") issued by the Company prior to adoption and, as a result, there was no cumulative adjustment recorded upon adoption.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
In 2021, the Company recorded a $9.6 million loss on debt extinguishment related to the payoff of the Notes and a foreign secured promissory note (the
"Secured Term Note"). Loss on extinguishment of debt represents the difference between the carrying value of the Company's debt instruments and any
consideration paid to its creditors in the form of cash or shares of the Company's Common Stock on the extinguishment date. These transactions are
described in Footnote 6, Debt.
Financing Derivatives
The Company's derivative financial instruments are not hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are
recorded in other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The fair values of the financing derivatives were estimated using forward projections and were discounted back at rates commensurate with the remaining
term of the related derivatives. Significant valuation inputs included the Company's credit rating, the premium attributable to the payment-in-kind feature
of the Notes, and premium estimates for company-specific risk factors (together, the "credit-adjusted discount rate"), the price and expected volatility of the
Company's Common Stock, probability of change of control, and forward projections of estimated cash payments.
Extinguishment of the Notes on March 10, 2021 resulted in derecognition of the remaining financing derivatives. Refer to Footnote 6, Debt for additional
information.
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Table of Contents
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions domestically and internationally. The combined account balances held on
deposit at each institution typically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of
credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company reduces this risk by maintaining such deposits with high
quality financial institutions that management believes are creditworthy, and by monitoring this credit risk and making adjustments as necessary.
The Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and qualifying money-market
funds as cash equivalents.
As of December 31, 2021, restricted cash represents security deposits for subleased office space. As of December 31, 2020, restricted cash primarily
represents the Company's requirement to collateralize the Secured Term Note and outstanding letters of credit.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company generally grants uncollateralized credit terms to its customers. Credit risk associated with accounts receivable is mitigated by the Company's
ongoing credit evaluation of its customers' financial condition. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained to reserve for uncollectible receivables.
Allowances are based on management's judgment, which considers historical collection experience adjusted for current conditions or expected future
conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, a specific review of all significant outstanding receivables, an assessment of company-specific
credit conditions and general economic conditions. Management considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including customer payment delays
and requests from customers to revise contractual payment terms, in determining the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts.
The following is a summary of the activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts:
(In thousands)
Beginning Balance
Bad debt benefit (expense)
Recoveries
Write-offs
Ending Balance
Property and Equipment, net
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
(2,757) $
80
(161)
1,665
(1,173) $
(1,919) $
(1,693)
(300)
1,155
(2,757) $
(1,597)
(727)
(481)
886
(1,919)
$
$
Property and equipment is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the
assets, ranging from 3 to 5 years. Finance lease assets are recorded at their net present value at the commencement of the lease. Both finance lease assets
and leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the related lease terms or their useful lives. Replacements and major
improvements are capitalized; maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Included in property and equipment, net, are capitalized software costs to purchase and develop internal-use software, which the Company uses to provide
services to its clients. The costs to purchase and develop internal-use software are capitalized from the time that the preliminary project stage is completed,
and it is considered probable that the software will be used to perform the function intended, until the time the software is placed in service for its intended
use. Any costs incurred during subsequent efforts to upgrade and enhance the functionality of the software are also capitalized. Once this software is ready
for use in the Company's products, these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which is typically
assessed to be 3 to 5 years. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company capitalized $18.9 million (including $4.6 million
recorded as part of the acquisition of Shareablee), $15.0 million, and $11.9 million in internal-use software costs, respectively. The Company depreciated
$12.8 million, $9.1 million and $4.8 million in capitalized internal-use software costs during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.
Business Combination
In 2021, the Company acquired Shareablee as described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. The purchase consideration was allocated to all tangible and
intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, based upon their acquisition-date fair values. Contract assets and liabilities were measured in accordance
with revenue recognition principles. Any excess purchase consideration was recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred.
Definite-lived intangible assets were recognized for acquired methodologies and technology, as well as customer relationships. The fair value of the
acquired methodologies and technology was estimated using the multi-period excess earnings method of the income approach. This technique is based on
projected financial information for the useful life of the asset, adjusted for technological obsolescence rates and a contributory asset charge, to determine
the cash flows attributable to the asset. These cash flows are then discounted back to the acquisition date using an appropriate rate of return. The selected
discount rate was 26.0%. The fair value of the customer relationships was estimated using a "with and without" method of the income approach. This
technique compares the cash flows from the existing customer relationship revenues
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to cash flows in a scenario where the Company would have to re-create those customer relationship revenues using cash from its business. These cash
flows are then discounted back to the acquisition date using an appropriate rate of return. The selected discount rate was 24.0%.
A component of the purchase consideration is payable contingent on the achievement of certain contractual milestones or future revenue performance. This
contingent consideration is classified as a liability due to the fact it will be settled in cash or a variable number of shares (or a combination thereof), and the
amount of the payment is not dependent upon the fair value of the Company's Common Stock. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability is
estimated using a combination of valuation techniques. The primary technique is an option pricing model within a Monte Carlo simulation that determines
an average projected payment value across numerous iterations. This technique determines projected payments based on simulated revenues derived from
an internal forecast, adjusted for a selected revenue volatility and risk premium based on market data for comparable guideline public companies. The
secondary technique is a discounted cash flow model that assumes achievement of the contractual milestones, resulting in payment of the full deferred
amount. In both techniques, the projected payments are then discounted back to the valuation date at the Company's cost of debt using a term
commensurate with the contractual payment dates.
The contingent consideration liability will be measured at fair value on a recurring basis until the contingency is resolved. Changes in the estimated fair
value of the contingent consideration liability will be reflected in operating income or expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and
Comprehensive Loss, and could have a material impact on our operating results.
Cloud Computing Implementation Costs
Certain costs incurred for implementation, setup, and other upfront activities in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are capitalized during the
application development stage. Upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if they will result in additional functionality. Amortization of capitalized costs
is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated hosting arrangement, inclusive of reasonably certain renewal periods.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company completed its implementation of a new cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system. The
Company capitalized $6.8 million of eligible implementation costs in connection with its development and testing of the ERP system. These capitalized
implementation costs are classified within other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019,
capitalized implementation costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $6.4 million, $3.2 million, and $1.0 million, respectively.
The Company determined the expected period of benefit of the capitalized implementation costs was five years. Amortization costs are classified within
general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company recorded $0.7 million of
amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed when a business is
acquired. The valuation of intangible assets and goodwill involves the use of management's estimates and assumptions and can have a significant impact on
future operating results. The Company initially records its intangible assets at fair value. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated
useful lives while goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, by comparing the fair value of a reporting
unit to its carrying value including goodwill recorded by the reporting unit.
The Company has a single reporting unit. Accordingly, the impairment assessment for goodwill is performed at the enterprise level. Goodwill is reviewed
for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the
reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company initially assesses qualitative factors to determine if it is necessary to perform the goodwill
impairment review. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment if, based on an assessment of the qualitative factors, it is determined that it is more likely than not
that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, or the Company decides to bypass the qualitative assessment. The carrying value of
the reporting unit is reviewed utilizing a combination of the discounted cash flow model and a market value approach. The estimated fair value of a
reporting unit is determined based on assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values.
Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the
goodwill impairment loss.
The Company monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining fair value, including long-term
growth projections, profitability, discount rates, volatility in the Company's market capitalization, general industry, and market and macro-economic
conditions. It is possible that future changes in such circumstances, or in the variables associated with the judgments, assumptions and estimates used in
assessing the fair value of the reporting unit, would require the Company to record a material non-cash impairment charge.
The Company completed its annual assessment on October 1, 2021, and there was no impairment of goodwill at the assessment date.
No goodwill impairment charges were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The Company performed an interim analysis as of June 30, 2019, and determined that goodwill was then impaired. Refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill and
Intangible Assets for further information. The Company completed its annual assessment on October 1, 2019, and there was no additional impairment of
goodwill at the assessment date.
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Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:
Acquired methodologies and technology
Acquired software
Customer relationships
Intellectual property
Panel
Trade Names
Other
Useful Lives (Years)
2 to 7
3
3 to 7
2 to 13
1 to 7
2 to 6
6 to 8
The Company evaluates its definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such
assets may not be recoverable. If an indication of impairment is present, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be
generated by the asset group to its carrying amount. Recoverability measurement and estimation of undiscounted cash flows are grouped at the lowest level
for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than
the carrying amount of the asset group, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset group's carrying amount over its fair value.
The fair value is determined based on valuation techniques such as a comparison to fair values of similar assets or using a discounted cash flow analysis.
The Company performed an interim analysis as of June 30, 2019, as events or changes in circumstances indicated the carrying value of certain intangible
assets may not be recoverable, and determined that the Company's strategic alliance (the "strategic alliance") with WPP plc and its affiliates ("WPP") was
impaired. Refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further information.
Although the Company believes that the carrying values of its goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets are appropriately stated as of December 31,
2021, changes in strategy or market conditions, significant technological developments or significant changes in legal or regulatory factors could
significantly impact these judgments and require adjustments to recorded asset balances.
Recoverability of Other Long-Lived Assets
The Company's other long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and right-of-use ("ROU") assets. The Company evaluates its ROU and
long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. For
facility lease ROU and related long-lived assets, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated by a sublease to the current
carrying value of the ROU and related long-lived assets. The Company treats operating lease ROU assets as financing transactions, thereby excluding the
operating lease liability and related lease payments from the head lease, for purposes of testing recoverability. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than
the carrying value of the ROU and related long-lived assets, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the ROU and long-lived assets'
carrying value over their fair value.
The Company performed an interim analysis as of March 31, 2020, as changes in market conditions indicated the carrying value of certain facility lease
ROU and other long-lived assets may not be recoverable, and determined that certain ROU assets, and related leasehold improvements, were impaired. The
Company recorded a $4.7 million non-cash impairment charge related to its ROU assets and related leasehold improvements. The impairment charge was
driven by changes in the Company's projected undiscounted cash flows for certain properties, primarily as a result of changes in the real estate market
related to the COVID-19 pandemic, that led to an increase in the estimated marketing time, and a reduction of expected receipts, for properties on the
market for sublease. The fair value of these ROU assets, and related leasehold improvements, was estimated using an income approach and a discount rate
of 12.0%.
Although the Company believes that the carrying values of its other long-lived assets are appropriately stated as of December 31, 2021, changes in strategy
or market conditions, significant technological developments or significant changes in legal or regulatory factors could significantly impact these
judgments and require adjustments to recorded asset balances.
Warrants Liability
In 2019, the Company issued warrants to CVI in connection with the private placement described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
and Stockholders' Equity. The warrants were determined to be freestanding financial instruments that qualify for liability treatment as a result of net cash
settlement features associated with a cap on the issuance of shares, under certain circumstances, or upon a change of control. Changes in the fair value of
these instruments are recorded in other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The fair value of each warrant is estimated utilizing an option pricing model supplemented with a Monte Carlo simulation in periods with multiple warrants
outstanding where certain features resulted in additional valuation complexity. Significant valuation inputs include the price and expected volatility of the
Company's Common Stock, cost of debt, risk-free rate, remaining term of the warrants, and probability of change of control. In situations where a change
of control was assumed, the fair values of the warrants are based on estimated cash payments at each payment date discounted back to the valuation date
using the cost of debt.
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Leases
The Company's lease portfolio is comprised of two major classes. Real estate leases, which are the majority of the Company's leased assets, are accounted
for as operating leases. Computer equipment leases are generally accounted for as finance leases.
The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception and whether the lease should be classified as an operating or finance lease.
ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the
lease term. Operating ROU assets also include the impact of any lease incentives. An ROU asset and lease liability are not recorded for short-term leases
with an initial term of 12 months of less.
The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease payments and account for them together as a single lease component, which increases the
carrying amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities. Non-lease components primarily include payments for common-area maintenance, utilities and
other pass-through charges.
The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated
to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located.
The Company's lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that
option. The Company considers contractual-based factors such as the nature and terms of the renewal or termination, asset-based factors such as physical
location of the asset and entity-based factors such as the importance of the leased asset to the Company's operations to determine the lease term. The
Company generally uses the non-cancelable lease term when measuring its ROU assets and lease liabilities.
Payments under the Company's lease arrangements are primarily fixed; however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed
as incurred and excluded from the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. These payment amounts are affected by changes in market indices and
costs for common-area maintenance, utilities and other pass-through charges that are based on usage or performance.
Operating leases are included in operating ROU assets, current operating lease liability, and non-current operating lease liability in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense (excluding variable lease costs) for its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the
lease. Finance lease assets are included in property and equipment, net; current finance lease liabilities are aggregated into other current liabilities; and non-
current finance lease obligations are aggregated in other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Income from subleased properties is recognized and presented as a reduction of costs, allocated among operating expense line items, in the Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Foreign Currency
Generally, the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. In those cases where the transaction is not denominated in
the functional currency, the Company revalues the transaction to the functional currency and records the translation gain or loss in the Company's
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate as of the end of the year, and revenues
and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. The gain or loss resulting from the process of translating a foreign
subsidiary's functional currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars ("USD") is reflected as foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment and
reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The translation adjustment for intercompany foreign currency loans that are permanent
in nature are also recorded as accumulated other comprehensive loss. Translation adjustments on intercompany accounts that are short term in nature are
recorded as gain (loss) from foreign currency transactions. For foreign entities where USD is the functional currency, re-measurement of gains and losses
related to deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in income tax provision in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to
which it expects to be entitled.
The Company's contracts with customers may include multiple promised goods and services. Contracts with multiple performance obligations typically
consist of a mix of subscriptions to the Company's online database, customized data services, and delivery of periodic custom reports based on information
obtained from the database. In such cases, the Company identifies performance obligations by evaluating whether the promised goods and services are
capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. Promised goods and services that are not distinct at contract
inception are combined as one performance obligation.
Once the Company identifies the performance obligations, the Company will determine the transaction price based on contractually fixed amounts and an
estimate of variable consideration. In general, the transaction price is determined by estimating the fixed amount of consideration to which the Company is
entitled for transfer of goods and services and all relevant sources and components of variable consideration. Variable consideration is estimated based on
the most likely amount or expected value approach, depending on which method the Company expects to better predict the amount of consideration to
which it will be entitled. Once the Company elects one of the methods to estimate variable consideration for a particular type of performance obligation, the
Company will apply that method consistently. Estimates of
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variable consideration are subject to constraint based on expected recovery from the customer. Sales taxes remitted to government authorities are excluded
from the transaction price.
The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on relative SSP. Judgment is exercised to determine the SSP of each
distinct performance obligation. In most cases, the Company bundles multiple products and very few are sold on a standalone basis. The Company
primarily applies an adjusted market assessment approach for the determination of the SSP, which is supported by rate cards and pricing calculators that are
periodically reviewed and updated to reflect the latest sales data and observable inputs by industry, channel, geography, customer size, and other relevant
groupings.
The Company recognizes revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Customers
may obtain the control of promised goods or services over time or at a point in time. Subscription-based revenues, and other products delivered
continuously through a user interface, are recognized on a straight-line basis over an access period that can range from three months to five years. Revenues
for impression-based products are typically recognized over time, on a time-elapsed basis, as the customer is continuously consuming and receiving the
benefits of campaign measurement, or an output method, such as volume of impressions processed during a discrete period. Report-based revenues are
recognized at a point in time, which is generally once the product has been delivered to the customer. The Company also considers whether there is a
present right to payment, and whether the customer has accepted the product if such acceptance provisions are substantive.
Customers may have the right to cancel their contracts by providing a written notice of cancellation, although most subscription-based contracts are non-
cancelable. If a customer cancels its contract, the customer is generally not entitled to a refund for prior services. In the event a portion of a contract is
refundable, revenue recognition is delayed until the refund provision lapses. For multi-year contracts with annual price increases, the total consideration for
each of the years included in the contract term will be combined and recognized on a straight-line basis.
For transactions that involve third parties, the Company evaluates whether it is the principal, in which case it recognizes revenue on a gross basis. If the
Company is an agent, it recognizes revenue on a net basis. This determination can require significant judgment for certain revenue share arrangements that
involve the use of partner data in the Company's sales to end users or the use of its data in partner sales to end users. In these arrangements, the Company
assesses which party controls the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party
primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price.
The Company enters into a limited number of monetary contracts with multichannel video programming distributors ("MVPDs") that involve both the
purchase and sale of services with a single counterparty. Each contract is assessed to determine if the revenue and expense should be presented gross or net.
In some instances, the Company may provide free distinct goods or services as a form of non-cash consideration to the counterparty. Revenue is recognized
for these contracts to the extent SSP is established for distinct services provided. Any excess consideration above the established SSP of services is
presented as a reduction to cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The fair value of non-cash
consideration included in revenues during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $4.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The fair value
of non-cash consideration included in cost of revenues during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $3.9 million and $1.6 million,
respectively. No non-cash consideration was included in revenues or cost of revenues during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Contract Balances
Accounts receivable are billed and unbilled amounts where the right to payment from the customer is unconditional but for the passage of time. Contract
assets represent amounts where the right to payment in exchange for goods or services transferred is conditioned on future events, such as the entity's
continued performance. The portion of contract assets to be billed in the succeeding twelve-month period are included in prepaid expenses and other
current assets, and the remaining amounts are included in other assets within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contract liabilities relate to amounts billed in advance, or advance consideration received from customers, under non-cancelable contracts for which
exchange of goods or services will occur in the future. Customer advances relate to amounts billed in advance, or advance considerations received from
customers, for contracts with termination rights for which exchange of goods or services will occur in the future. The portion of contract liabilities and
customer advances to be recognized in the succeeding twelve-month period are presented separately within current liabilities, and the remaining amounts
are included in other non-current liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Remaining Performance Obligations
The Company elected an optional exemption to not disclose information about the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance
obligations for contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The amount disclosed for remaining performance obligations also
excludes variable consideration from unsatisfied performance obligations within a series where revenue is recognized using an output method, such as
volume of impressions processed.
Costs to Fulfill a Contract
Certain costs to fulfill are capitalized for contracts where the transfer of goods and services will occur in the future. Typically, these capitalized costs are
incurred during a setup period prior to transferring control of the good or service over time. These costs include dedicated employees, subcontractors, and
other third-party costs. Capitalized costs are assessed for recoverability at each reporting period. These costs are included in
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cost of revenues and are recognized in the same manner as the corresponding performance obligation. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and
2019, amortized and expensed contract costs were $2.7 million, $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of costs to produce the Company's products including viewing data from MVPDs, census-based, panel and other third-
party data as well as costs to operate its network infrastructure including data center, data storage and compliance costs. Other costs include amortization of
capitalized fulfillment costs, employee costs including stock-based compensation, depreciation related to assets used to maintain the network and produce
products and allocated overhead, including rent and depreciation expenses generated by general purpose equipment and software.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for personnel associated with
sales and marketing activities, as well as costs related to online and offline advertising, product management, seminars, promotional materials, public
relations, other sales and marketing programs, and allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, and depreciation.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and related costs for executive management, finance,
accounting, human capital, legal, information technology and other administrative functions, as well as professional fees and allocated overhead, including
rent and other facilities related costs, depreciation and expenses incurred for other general corporate purposes.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and related costs for personnel associated with
research and development activities, as well as allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, and depreciation.
Investigation and Audit Related
Investigation expenses are professional fees associated with legal and forensic accounting services rendered as a result of an internal Audit Committee
investigation into matters related to the Company's revenue recognition practices, disclosures, internal controls, corporate culture and employment practices
prior to 2017. Audit related expenses consist of professional fees associated with accounting related consulting services and external auditor fees associated
with the audit of the Company's prior-year financial statements. Also included are litigation related expenses, which include legal fees associated with
various lawsuits or investigations that were initiated either directly or indirectly as a result of the Audit Committee's investigation.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other (expense) income, net represents income and expenses incurred that are generally not recurring in nature or are not part of the Company's normal
operations. The following is a summary of the significant components of other (expense) income, net:
(In thousands)
Change in fair value of financing derivatives
Change in fair value of warrants liability
Change in fair value of investment in equity securities
Other
Total other (expense) income, net
Debt Issuance Costs
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
1,800 $
(7,689)
—
111
(5,778) $
10,287 $
4,894
—
(627)
14,554 $
5,100
(2,411)
(2,324)
1,289
1,654
$
$
The Company reflects debt issuance costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct deduction from the gross amount of debt, consistent with the
presentation of a debt discount. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense, net over the term of the underlying debt instrument, utilizing the
effective interest method.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on their grant date. The fair value of stock options with only service conditions is determined
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units ("RSUs") is based on the closing price of the Company's Common
Stock on the grant date. The Company amortizes the fair value of awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the
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requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the period from the grant date to the end of the vesting period. The determination of the fair
value of the Company's stock option awards is based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the Company's Common Stock price, risk-free
rate, expected stock price volatility over the expected life of awards, and the expected term of the option.
The Company issues stock options with a vesting period based solely upon the passage of time (service vesting). To determine the expected term of the
option the Company applies the simplified method for plain-vanilla options due to the lack of significant historical exercise experience. For non-employee
options that do not qualify as plain-vanilla the Company has elected to apply the contractual term of the award.
The Company issues RSU awards with a vesting period based solely upon the passage of time (service vesting), achieving performance targets, fulfillment
of market conditions, or a combination thereof. For those RSU awards with only service vesting, the Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-
line basis over the service period. For awards with both service and performance conditions, the Company starts recognizing compensation cost over the
remaining service period when it is probable the performance conditions will be met. Stock awards that contain performance vesting conditions are
excluded from diluted earnings per share ("EPS") computations until the contingency is met as of the end of that reporting period.
For awards with both service and market conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost over the remaining service period, with the effect of the
market condition reflected in the determination of the award's fair value at the grant date. The Company values awards with market conditions using certain
valuation techniques, such as a lattice model or Monte Carlo simulation analysis. The Company determines the requisite service period based on the longer
of the explicit service period and the derived service period. Stock awards that contain market vesting conditions are included in the computations of
diluted EPS reflecting the number of shares that would be issued based on the current market price at the end of the period being reported on, if their effect
is dilutive.
Under the Company's annual incentive compensation plan, the Company may grant immediately vested RSUs to certain employees. For these awards,
stock-based compensation expense is accrued commencing at the service inception date, which generally precedes the grant date, through the end of the
requisite service period.
The Company estimates forfeitures for stock-based awards at their grant date based on historical experience. The estimated forfeiture rate as
of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 10.0% for non-executive awards. Awards granted to senior executives have an estimated forfeiture rate of zero.
The Company performs a review of its forfeiture rate assumption on a quarterly basis. Changes in the estimates and assumptions relating to forfeitures and
subsequent grants may result in material changes to stock-based compensation expense in the future.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in recognizing certain
income, expense and credit items for financial reporting purposes and tax reporting purposes. Such deferred income taxes primarily relate to the difference
between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted
statutory tax rates applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. Excess tax benefits and tax
deficiencies are recognized in the income tax provision in the period in which they occur.
The Company records a valuation allowance when it determines, based on available positive and negative evidence, that it is more-likely-than-not that
some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company determines the realizability of its deferred tax assets primarily based on the
reversal of existing taxable temporary differences and projections of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and
carryforwards). In evaluating such projections, the Company considers its history of profitability, the competitive environment, and general economic
conditions. In addition, the Company considers the time frame over which it would take to utilize the deferred tax assets prior to their expiration.
For certain tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax positions that meet
the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefits determined on a cumulative probability basis, which are
more-likely-than-not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related
to income tax matters in income tax expense.
In December 2017, U.S. tax reform legislation known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA") was signed into law. The Company determined the effects
of certain provisions, including but not limited to: a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, a limitation of the deductibility of certain officers'
compensation, a limitation on the current deductibility of net interest expense in excess of 30% of adjusted taxable income, a limitation of net operating
losses generated after 2018 to 80% of taxable income, an incremental tax (base erosion anti-abuse or "BEAT") on excessive amounts paid to foreign related
parties, and a minimum tax on certain foreign earnings in excess of 10% of the foreign subsidiaries' tangible assets (global intangible low-taxed income or
"GILTI"). As part of its GILTI review, the Company has determined that it will account for GILTI income as it is generated (i.e., treat it as a period
expense). Given the Company's loss position in the U.S. and the valuation allowance recorded against its U.S. net deferred tax assets, these provisions have
not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
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Loss Per Share
The Company uses the two-class method to calculate net loss per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating
security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. Under the two-class method, earnings for the
period are allocated between common stockholders and participating security holders based on their respective rights to receive dividends as if all
undistributed book earnings for the period were distributed.
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to only the common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect of potential common shares, such as the Company's Preferred Stock, Notes, warrants,
stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units, to the extent the effect is dilutive. In periods with a net loss available to common stockholders,
the anti-dilutive effect of these potential common shares is excluded and diluted net loss per share is equal to basic net loss per share.
The following is a summary of the Common Stock equivalents for the securities outstanding during the respective periods that have been excluded from the
computation of diluted net loss per common share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive:
Preferred stock
Warrants
Stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units
Senior secured convertible notes
Total
2021
(1)
Years Ended December 31,
2020
66,926,499
5,457,026
5,073,980
1,232,483
78,689,988
—
6,306,964
3,898,327
6,519,655
16,724,946
2019
—
3,795,761
2,127,616
6,519,655
12,443,032
(1)
A contingent consideration liability was recognized as part of the acquisition described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. The liability payments may be settled in any combination of cash
or shares of Common Stock based on the volume-weighted average trading price of the Common Stock for the ten trading days prior to the date of each payment. Settlement of this liability in
Common Stock could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future periods. The Company calculated a potential anti-dilutive share count based on the maximum potential payments of $8.6
million and the $3.34 per share closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 31, 2021. The impact was determined to be negligible for 2021
based on the period the liability was outstanding.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, dividends to holders of the Preferred Stock, including those both paid and accrued, totaled $12.6 million. These
dividends have been included in calculating the total loss available to common stockholders used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share.
Other Accounting Standards Recently Adopted
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes primarily by eliminating
certain exemptions. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years.
An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of the update and to delay adoption of the additional disclosures
until their effective date. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2021, which had no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements
or related disclosures.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), which addresses the accounting for contract assets and liabilities
from revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. The amendments require acquiring entities to apply Accounting Standards Codification
("ASC") 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendments are effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity is permitted to early adopt. The Company adopted the
new standard effective January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.
3. Business Combination
On December 16, 2021, the Company and two newly formed, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into the Merger Agreement (the
"Merger") with Shareablee. Total consideration payable to the former holders of Shareablee's capital stock and warrant, and certain underlying equity
awards that were assumed by the Company, totaled 9,128,964 shares of Common Stock. This included 7,945,519 shares of Common Stock that were
issuable at closing, 1,062,085 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to replacement stock options and restricted stock unit awards, and 121,360 shares
of Common Stock subject to holdback pending final working capital adjustments. In addition, certain holders of Shareablee's capital stock, warrant and
equity awards may also receive up to an aggregate of $8.6 million of contingent consideration over three years after the closing, subject to the satisfaction
of certain conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. The contingent consideration is payable in any combination of cash and Common Stock, with any
issuance of Common Stock to be based on the volume-weighted average trading price of the Common Stock for the ten full trading days ending on, and
including the last business day prior to, the applicable date of the release of the contingent payment. The amount of contingent consideration is based on the
achievement of certain contractual milestones or a revenue target. Lastly, the Merger Agreement required a portion of cash held in escrow at closing to be
paid to the former holders of Shareablee securities.
Itzhak Fisher, a member of the Company's Board of Directors ("Board"), is a former director, stockholder and equity award holder of Shareablee. The fair
value of Mr. Fisher's issuable Common Stock and replacement stock options totaled $0.7 million at closing, of which $0.4
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million was recognized immediately as stock-based compensation expense and $0.3 million was classified as purchase consideration. Mr. Fisher is also
eligible to earn up to an additional $0.3 million in contingent consideration subject to the performance criteria described above.
The total consideration paid or payable by the Company related to the Merger was $31.4 million. A summary of the consideration is as follows:
(1)
(In thousands)
Common Stock
Contingent consideration
Replacement stock options and restricted stock unit awards
Escrow payable to former stockholders
Total purchase consideration
(2)
Fair Value
25,329
5,600
260
184
31,373
$
$
(1)
Calculated based on 7,945,519 shares of Common Stock issued upon closing, an estimated 121,360 shares of Common Stock to be issued upon completion of a final working capital
assessment, and the $3.14 per share closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 16, 2021.
(2)
Refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the selected valuation technique, and Footnote 7, Fair Value Measurements for inputs in deriving
the fair value as of December 16, 2021. The Company concluded any change in fair value between December 16, 2021 and December 31, 2021 was negligible.
A summary of the total purchase consideration for Shareablee that was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their fair value as of the date
of the Merger is as follows:
(In thousands)
Net working capital
Property and equipment, net
Deferred tax liabilities
Other assets and liabilities
Definite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill
Total purchase consideration
(2,212)
4,578
(2,817)
(22)
12,644
19,202
31,373
December 16, 2021
$
$
The goodwill and intangible assets recorded as a result of the Merger are not deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill includes the value of the
Shareablee acquired workforce, the expected cost synergies to be realized by the Company following the Merger, the opportunity to combine the
Company's digital information with Shareablee's social data and insights to enhance the Company's syndicated product offerings, and the opportunity to sell
Shareablee products to the Company's customer base.
The following table outlines the fair value of the definite-lived intangible assets and the useful life for each type of intangible asset acquired. The intangible
assets are amortized using a straight-line method over the respective useful life of the intangible asset.
(In thousands)
Customer relationships
Acquired methodologies and technology
Total definite-lived intangible assets
(1)
(1) (2)
Useful Lives (Years)
5
5
Fair Value
6,600
6,044
12,644
$
$
(1)
The fair values of these assets are derived from techniques which utilize inputs, certain of which are significant and unobservable, that result in classification as Level 3 fair value
measurements. Refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the selected valuation techniques.
(2)
The acquisition-date fair value of acquired methodologies and technology was $10.6 million. The $6.0 million recognized within intangible assets, net reflects the incremental fair value
adjustment to $4.6 million of capitalized internal-use software costs recorded at net book value within property and equipment, net as of December 16, 2021.
The primary assets acquired were the developed methodologies and technology, which include a proprietary taxonomy and analytics platform that
processes and repackages information on social media data consumption across four large social media platforms.
The Company incurred professional fees directly attributable to the Merger, primarily consisting of legal fees totaling $0.5 million during 2021. These fees
are reflected in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The financial results of Shareablee were included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of the Merger, December 16, 2021.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, Shareablee contributed revenues of $0.4 million and loss before income tax provision of $1.4 million. The loss
includes $1.5 million in stock-based compensation recognized immediately following the closing date pertaining to replacement stock options and
restricted stock unit awards issued to Shareablee equity award holders.
Pro forma results of operations for the Merger have not been presented because they are not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations.
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4. Revenue Recognition
The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by solution group, geographical market and timing of transfer of products and services.
The Company attributes revenue to geographical markets based on the location of the customer. The Company has one reportable segment in accordance
with ASC 280, Segment Reporting; as such, the disaggregation of revenue below reconciles directly to its unique reportable segment.
(In thousands)
By solution group:
(1)
Ratings and Planning
Analytics and Optimization
Movies Reporting and Analytics
(1)
Total
By geographical market:
United States
Europe
Latin America
Canada
Other
Total
By timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services transferred over time
Products and services transferred at a point in time
Total
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
$
$
$
$
255,073 $
81,306
30,634
367,013 $
321,891 $
26,250
6,952
7,630
4,290
367,013 $
288,439 $
78,574
367,013 $
253,652 $
69,080
33,304
356,036 $
310,717 $
27,447
6,275
7,046
4,551
356,036 $
278,638 $
77,398
356,036 $
271,623
74,725
42,297
388,645
336,087
30,619
10,326
7,046
4,567
388,645
295,609
93,036
388,645
(1)
In the second quarter of 2020, the Company began classifying revenue from certain new and extended custom agreements for services that utilize its syndicated data set, previously classified
under Analytics and Optimization, as Ratings and Planning. The impact was not material to either solution group.
Contract Balances
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, contract liabilities and customer advances from contracts with customers:
(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, net
Current and non-current contract assets
Current contract liabilities
Current customer advances
Non-current contract liabilities
$
As of December 31,
2021
2020
72,059 $
4,875
54,011
11,613
1,262
69,379
4,037
58,529
12,477
4,156
Current and non-current contract assets as of December 31, 2021 increased from the prior year due primarily to up-front recognition of revenue pertaining
to license fees in connection with a multi-year agreement that will be billed over the contract term. Non-current contract liabilities as of December 31, 2021
decreased from the prior year as revenue was recognized on a multi-year contract that had a large upfront payment received in 2020.
Significant changes in the current contract liabilities balances are as follows:
(In thousands)
Revenue recognized that was included in the opening contract liabilities balance
Cash received or amounts billed in advance and not recognized as revenue
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2021
$
(52,232) $
48,864
(53,226)
50,836
Current contract liabilities as of December 31, 2021 included $2.5 million in contract balances recognized as part of the closing of the acquisition described
in Footnote 3, Business Combination.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of December 31, 2021, approximately $210 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied
(or partially unsatisfied) under long-term contracts. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 50% of these remaining performance
obligations in 2022, and approximately 25% in 2023, with the remainder recognized thereafter.
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5. Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity
2021 Issuance of Preferred Stock
On March 10, 2021 (the "Closing Date"), the Company entered into separate Securities Purchase Agreements with each of Charter Communications
Holding Company, LLC ("Charter"), Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Pine Investor, LLC ("Pine") (the "Securities Purchase Agreements"). The issuance
of securities pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements (the "Transactions") and related matters were approved by the Company's stockholders on
March 9, 2021 and completed on March 10, 2021. At the closing of the Transactions, the Company issued and sold (a) to Charter, 27,509,203 shares of
Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million, (b) to Qurate, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million and (c) to Pine,
27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million. The shares were issued at a par value of $0.001. Net proceeds from the Transactions
totaled $187.9 million after deducting issuance costs.
The Transactions and related agreements include the following rights:
Registration Rights
On the Closing Date, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the "RRA") with the holders of the Preferred Stock (together with any
other party that may become a party to the RRA), pursuant to which, among other things, and on the terms and subject to certain limitations set forth
therein, the Company was obligated to file a registration statement registering the sale or distribution of shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock held
by any holder, including any shares of Common Stock acquired by any holder pursuant to the conversion of the Preferred Stock, and any other securities
issued or issuable with respect to any such shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock by way of share split, share dividend, distribution, recapitalization,
merger, exchange, replacement or similar event or otherwise (the "Registrable Securities"). In addition, pursuant to the RRA, the holders have the right to
require the Company, subject to certain limitations, to effect a sale of any or all of their Registrable Securities by means of an underwritten offering or an
underwritten block trade or bought deal.
On August 30, 2021, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with respect to the Registrable Securities. The registration statement on Form
S-3 became effective on September 21, 2021.
Conversion Provisions
The Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders at any time into a number of shares of Common Stock based on a conversion rate set in
accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock. The conversion rate is calculated as the product of (i) the conversion factor and (ii)
the quotient of (A) the sum of the initial purchase price and accrued dividends with respect to each share of Preferred Stock divided by (B) the initial
purchase price. The conversion right is subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments and customary provisions related to partial dividend periods. As of
December 31, 2021, each share of Preferred Stock was convertible into 1.038542 shares of Common Stock.
At any time after the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company may elect to convert all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into shares of
Common Stock if (i) the closing sale price of the Company's Common Stock is greater than 140% of the conversion price as of such time, as may be
adjusted pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, for certain periods, and (ii) the pro rata share of an aggregate of $100.0 million in dividends has been
paid with respect to each share of Preferred Stock that was outstanding on the Closing Date and remains outstanding.
As of December 31, 2021, no shares of Preferred Stock have been converted into Common Stock.
Voting Rights
The holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of the Common Stock, with a vote equal to the number of shares of
Common Stock into which the Preferred Stock could be converted, except that the conversion rate for this purpose will be equal to the product of the
applicable conversion factor and 0.98091271. Each holder of Preferred Stock is subject to a voting threshold, which limits such holder's voting rights in the
event that the holder's Preferred Stock represents voting rights that exceed 16.66% of the Company's Common Stock (including the Preferred Stock on an
as-converted basis).
Dividend Rights
The holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to participate in all dividends declared on the Common Stock on an as-converted basis and are also entitled to a
cumulative dividend at the rate of 7.5% per annum, payable annually in arrears (on June 30 of each year) and subject to increase under certain specified
circumstances. The annual dividend accrues on a daily basis from and including the issuance date of such shares, whether or not declared. In the event the
annual dividends are not paid in cash on the annual payment date, the dividends otherwise payable on such date shall continue to accrue and cumulate at a
rate of 9.5% per annum, until such failure is cured.
In addition, after January 1, 2022, the holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to request, and the Company will take all actions reasonably necessary to pay,
a one-time dividend ("Special Dividend") equal to the highest dividend that the Company's Board determines can be paid at the applicable time (or a lesser
amount agreed upon by the holders), subject to additional conditions and limitations set forth in a Stockholders Agreement entered into by the Company
and the holders on the Closing Date (the "Stockholders Agreement"). As set forth in the Stockholders Agreement, the Company may be obligated to obtain
debt financing in order to effectuate the Special Dividend.
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On June 30, 2021, in accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock, the Company paid cash dividends totaling $4.8 million to the
holders of the Preferred Stock, representing dividends accrued for the period from the Closing Date through June 29, 2021. The next scheduled dividend
payment date for the Preferred Stock is June 30, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, dividends to holders of the Preferred Stock, including those
both paid and accrued, totaled $12.6 million.
Anti-Dilution Adjustments
The Preferred Stock is subject to anti-dilution adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including issuance of certain dividends or distributions to
holders of Common Stock, split or combination of Common Stock, reclassification of Common Stock into a greater or lesser number of shares, or certain
repurchases of Common Stock, subject to limitations set forth in the Certificate of Designations.
Liquidation Preference and Change of Control Provisions
The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Common Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets in the event of a liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, and ranks junior to secured and unsecured indebtedness. The Preferred Stock has a liquidation
preference equal to the higher of (i) the initial purchase price, increased by accrued dividends per share, and (ii) the amount per share of Preferred Stock
that a holder would have received if such holder, immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, converted
such share into Common Stock.
The Preferred Stock includes a change of control put option which allows the holders of the Preferred Stock to require the Company to repurchase such
holders' shares at a purchase price equal to the initial purchase price, increased by accrued dividends. The change of control put option was determined to
be a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As of December 31, 2021, the probability of a change of control was determined to be
remote, and the fair value of the change of control derivative was determined to be negligible. To the extent the holders of the Preferred Stock do not
exercise the put option in a covered change of control, the Company has the right to redeem the remaining Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to
the initial purchase price, increased by accrued dividends.
As described above, the Preferred Stock is contingently redeemable upon certain deemed liquidation events, such as a change in control. Because a deemed
liquidation event could constitute a redemption event outside of the Company's control, all shares of Preferred Stock have been presented outside of
permanent equity in mezzanine equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2019 Issuance and Sale of Common Stock and Warrants
On June 23, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with CVI Investments, Inc. ("CVI"), pursuant to which CVI agreed to
purchase (i) 2,728,513 shares of Common Stock (the "Initial Shares"), at a price of $7.33 per share and (ii) Series A Warrants, Series B-1 Warrants, Series
B-2 Warrants and Series C Warrants, for aggregate gross proceeds of $20.0 million (the "Private Placement"). The Private Placement closed on June 26,
2019 (the "CVI Closing Date"). The Series B-1 Warrants and Series B-2 Warrants expired during 2020.
The Series C Warrants were exercised on October 10, 2019. As a result of this exercise, the Company issued 2,728,513 shares of Common Stock to CVI on
October 14, 2019. In addition, the number of shares issuable under the Series A Warrants was increased by 2,728,513.
The Series A Warrants are exercisable by the holders for a period of five years from the CVI Closing Date and are currently exercisable into 5,457,026
shares of Common Stock, which is equal to the Initial Shares plus the number of shares issued pursuant to the exercise of the Series C Warrants (described
above). The exercise price for the Series A Warrants was $12.00 upon issuance but was subsequently adjusted, as described below. The Series A Warrants
may be exercised for cash or through a net settlement feature under certain circumstances.
The exercise price for the Series A Warrants is subject to anti-dilution adjustment in certain circumstances, including upon certain issuances of capital
stock. Upon the issuance of the Preferred Stock, the Company adjusted the exercise price of the Series A Warrants from $12.00 to $2.4719 per share, the
closing price of the Transactions.
CVI will not have the right to exercise any warrant that would result in CVI beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock after
giving effect to such exercise. CVI has the right, in its discretion, to raise this threshold up to 9.99% with 60 days' notice to the Company. In addition, if
and to the extent the exercise of any warrants would, together with the issuances of the Initial Shares and the shares issued pursuant to the exercise of any
other warrants, result in the issuance of 20.0% or more of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company on the CVI Closing Date (the "Exchange Cap"),
the Company intends to, in lieu of issuing such shares, settle the obligation to issue such shares in cash.
The estimated fair value of the warrants as of December 31, 2021 was $10.5 million. Refer to Footnote 7, Fair Value Measurements, for further
information.
2013 Stock Option/Issuance Plan
On December 16, 2021, the Company assumed certain equity awards outstanding under the Shareablee, Inc. 2013 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (the
"2013 Plan") in connection with the acquisition of Shareablee described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. Under the 2013 Plan, as amended and
restated, the Company may grant to certain eligible participants option rights and restricted stock units up to 4,500,000 shares of Shareablee common stock.
These shares are converted into shares of the Company's Common Stock at a conversion rate of one Shareablee share to 0.330437 shares of the Company.
The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock available will be reduced by one share of Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject
to an award granted under the 2013 Plan. If any award granted under the 2013
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Plan (in whole or in part) is cancelled or forfeited, expires, is unvested and repurchased in cash, or otherwise unearned, the shares of Common Stock
subject to such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, or repurchase in cash, again be available at a rate of one share of
Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to such award. The Company registered the securities issuable under the 2013 Plan with the
SEC on December 23, 2021. The maximum number of shares of the Company's Common Stock available for future issuance under the 2013 Plan as of
December 31, 2021 (excluding outstanding awards) is 167,750.
2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan
The Company's stockholders approved the 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2018 Plan") at the Company's 2018 Annual Meeting and
approved an amendment and restatement of the 2018 Plan at the Company's 2020 Annual Meeting. Under the 2018 Plan, as amended and restated, the
Company may grant option rights, appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units up to
20,250,000 shares of Common Stock. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock available will be reduced by: (i) one share of Common Stock for
every one share of Common Stock subject to an award of option rights or appreciation rights granted under the 2018 Plan and (ii) two shares of Common
Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to an award other than option rights or appreciation rights granted under the 2018 Plan. If any award
granted under the 2018 Plan (in whole or in part) is canceled or forfeited, expires, is settled in cash, or is unearned, the shares of Common Stock subject to
such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, cash settlement, or unearned amount, again be available at a rate of one share of
Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to awards of option rights or appreciation rights and two shares of Common Stock for every
one share of Common Stock subject to awards other than of option rights or appreciation rights. The Company registered the securities under the 2018 Plan
with the SEC effective June 1, 2018. The maximum number of shares available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan as of December 31, 2021
(excluding outstanding awards) is 3,063,191.
Stock Options
The Company's Compensation Committee approved and awarded 50,000 and 925,000 options for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019,
respectively, under the 2018 Plan to employees and consultants. No options were approved and awarded for the year ended December 31, 2021 under the
2018 Plan.
On December 16, 2021, the Company assumed all outstanding stock options to purchase shares of Shareablee common stock as part of the Merger. Each
assumed Shareablee stock option was converted into 0.330437 stock options of the Company, rounded up to the nearest whole option, resulting in
1,006,383 stock options of the Company. The as-converted exercise price per share for assumed Shareablee stock options is equal to the original exercise
price per share of the Shareablee options divided by 0.330437, with such quotient rounded up to the nearest whole cent. Each assumed Shareablee stock
option is otherwise subject to the same terms and conditions (including vesting and exercisability) as were applicable under the respective Shareablee stock
option immediately prior to the Merger.
The fair values of options at the date of grant, or when assumed by the Company, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing the
following assumptions:
(1)
Dividend yield
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected life of options (in years)
(3)
(2)
(4)
2021
0.0%
33.2% - 72.4%
0.1% - 1.4%
0.25 - 9.81
Years Ended December 31,
2020
0.0%
57.0%
1.0%
6.00
2019
0.0%
44.5% - 52.9%
1.3% - 2.7%
5.21 - 10.00
(1)
(2)
The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend on its Common Stock and has no plans to pay cash dividends on Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as a share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. The
Company considered the historical volatility of its stock price over a term similar to the expected life of the options in determining expected volatility.
(3)
The Company used rates on the grant date of zero-coupon government bonds with maturities over periods covering the term of the awards, converted to continuously compounded forward
rates.
(4)
This is the period of time that the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. Options under the Company's plans generally have a contractual term of 10 years and generally must be
exercised within 30 to 90 days following termination of service.
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A summary of options granted, exercised, forfeited and expired during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is included below:
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018
Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2019
Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Options expired
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020
(1)
Options assumed
Options expired
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2021
Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
1,045,913 $
925,000
(68,259)
(363,687)
1,538,967 $
50,000
(75,000)
(60,000)
(456,775)
997,192 $
988,869
(203,006)
1,783,055 $
778,790 $
17.89
5.64
17.44
15.15
11.27
3.67
1.89
5.38
15.92
9.82
1.17
14.83
4.45
7.29
(1)
Excludes 17,514 stock options which will be settled in cash in lieu of the issuance of Common Stock of the Company.
The following table summarizes information about options outstanding, and exercisable, as of December 31, 2021:
Range of Exercise Prices
$0.57 - $1.45
$3.21 - $5.38
$10.35 - $17.55
$20.11
$40.80
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Options
Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Options Outstanding
981,267 $
457,602
324,761
13,368
6,057
1,783,055 $
1.14
3.75
14.11
20.11
40.80
4.45
7.01
7.94
3.57
1.62
2.62
6.57
226,272 $
283,332
249,761
13,368
6,057
778,790 $
1.31
3.75
15.23
20.11
40.80
7.29
6.07
7.90
2.42
1.62
2.62
5.46
The intrinsic value of exercised stock options is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the quoted market price of the Company's
Common Stock as of the close of the exercise date. The aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised was zero, $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the years
ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for all options exercisable was $0.5 million, zero and $0.2 million
under the Company's stock plans as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for all options outstanding was $2.2
million, zero and $0.9 million under the Company's stock plans as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding, but not yet exercisable, options is $1.2 million, which the
Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.1 years.
Stock Awards
The Company's outstanding stock awards are comprised of RSUs, including time-based, performance-based and market-based RSUs.
During 2021, the Company's Compensation Committee (or Board of Directors, as applicable) approved and awarded 2,464,694 time-based RSUs (of which
1,413,290 RSUs related to the settlement of an accrued 2020 annual incentive plan liability and vested immediately) and 2,127,920 performance-based
RSUs under the 2018 Plan to employees and directors of the Company. The performance-based RSUs pertained to awards approved by our Board of
Directors as part of the Transactions on January 7, 2021, which awards included the closing of the Transactions as an implied performance condition. Of
these performance-based RSUs, 772,686 vested immediately upon the closing of the Transactions. The remaining performance-based RSUs generally vest
after one to three years contingent on continued service.
On December 16, 2021, the Company assumed all outstanding RSUs representing the right to receive shares of Shareablee common stock as part of the
Merger. Each assumed Shareablee RSU was converted into 0.330437 RSUs of the Company, resulting in 55,702 RSUs of the Company. Each assumed
Shareablee RSU is otherwise subject to the same terms and conditions (including as to vesting and issuance) as were applicable under the respective
Shareablee RSU immediately prior to the Merger.
During 2020, the Company's Compensation Committee approved and awarded 634,570 time-based RSUs (of which 610,590 RSUs related to the settlement
of an accrued 2019 annual incentive plan liability and vested immediately).
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During 2019, the Company's Compensation Committee approved and awarded 1,603,866 time-based RSUs (of which 206,108 RSUs related to the
settlement of an accrued 2018 annual incentive plan liability) and 975,000 market-based RSUs, which were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation
analysis, to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. Of the time-based RSUs, 581,491 vested immediately upon grant. The remaining time-
based RSUs generally vest after one to three years contingent on continued service. Market-based awards generally vest over up to ten years based on the
achievement of certain stock-price hurdles.
A summary of the stock awards granted, vested and forfeited during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is presented as follows. RSU
awards with undelivered shares are classified as unvested until the date of delivery of the shares.
Unvested Stock Awards
Unvested as of December 31, 2018
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested as of December 31, 2019
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested as of December 31, 2020
Granted
Assumed
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested as of December 31, 2021
Restricted
Stock Units
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value
1,466,135 $
2,578,866
(854,998)
(529,767)
2,660,236 $
634,570
(1,363,152)
(106,417)
1,825,237 $
4,592,614
55,702
(2,362,963)
(80,347)
4,030,243 $
22.62
7.56
23.96
18.47
8.42
3.66
7.22
20.02
6.99
3.13
3.14
4.68
13.53
3.76
The aggregate intrinsic value for all unvested RSUs outstanding was $13.5 million, $4.5 million, and $12.1 million as of December 31, 2021, 2020, and
2019, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $5.4 million, which the Company expects to recognize
over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 3.4 years.
6. Debt
Senior Secured Convertible Notes and Financing Derivatives
During 2018, the Company entered into certain agreements with funds affiliated with or managed by Starboard Value LP (collectively, "Starboard"),
pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Starboard a total of $204.0 million in Notes, which initially accrued interest at 6.0%, as well as warrants
to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, in exchange for $100.0 million in cash and 4,000,000 shares of Common
Stock. The warrants were exercised in full by Starboard on April 3, 2019 for 323,448 shares of Common Stock.
The Notes contained, among other features, an interest rate reset feature which the Company determined represented an embedded derivative that must be
bifurcated and accounted for separately from the Notes. This feature reset the interest rate on the Notes based on the trading price of the Company's
Common Stock. In January 2019, the interest rate reset to 12.0% where it was scheduled to remain through the contractual maturity of the Notes on
January 16, 2022.
Interest on the Notes was payable on a quarterly basis in arrears, at the option of the Company, in cash, or, subject to certain conditions, through the
issuance by the Company of additional shares of Common Stock ("PIK Interest Shares"). On January 25, 2021, the Company paid quarterly accrued
interest of $6.1 million through the issuance of 2,802,454 PIK Interest Shares. The interest paid was classified within other non-current liabilities in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020.
In connection with the Transactions described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, the Company used cash
proceeds of $204.0 million from the issuance of shares of its Preferred Stock to extinguish the Notes and related financing derivatives on March 10, 2021.
The Company also issued 3,150,000 additional shares to Starboard (the "Conversion Shares"), as additional creditor consideration, which were valued at
$9.6 million based on the $3.05 closing price of the Company's Common Stock on March 9, 2021. Lastly, the Company paid interest accrued of
$4.7 million for the period from January 1, 2021 to March 10, 2021 through the issuance of 1,363,327 PIK Interest Shares.
The Company adjusted the interest rate reset feature to its fair value on March 10, 2021 immediately prior to extinguishment. The fair value of the interest
reset derivative was estimated to be $9.5 million using a discounted cash flow method based on projected incremental cash flows
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through contractual maturity of the Notes and a credit-adjusted discount rate of 20.0%. The fair value of other financing derivatives embedded within the
Notes was determined to be negligible.
The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of the Notes of $9.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The loss was comprised of a
write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and issuance discount of $9.2 million and issuance of Conversion Shares of $9.6 million, offset by the
derecognition of the interest rate reset derivative liability valued at $9.5 million.
Secured Term Note
On December 31, 2019, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Rentrak B.V., entered into an agreement with several third parties for the Secured Term
Note in exchange for gross proceeds of $13.0 million. The Secured Term Note was scheduled to mature on December 31, 2021, was cash collateralized,
and had an annual interest rate of 9.75% that was payable monthly in arrears.
The Secured Term Note included a redemption feature which, upon the occurrence of certain fundamental transactions, would require the Company to
redeem the Secured Term Note in full, plus accrued interest, and remit a prepayment premium equal to the remaining contractual interest cash flows (the
"interest make-whole redemption"). The Company determined this feature represented an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated and accounted for
separately from the Secured Term Note.
In connection with the Transactions described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, the Company used
restricted cash from its balance sheet to extinguish the Secured Term Note and interest make-whole redemption on March 10, 2021, of which $13.0 million
and $1.0 million were for principal repayments and settlement of the interest make-whole redemption, respectively.
The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of the Secured Term Note of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The loss was due to
the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs. Changes in the fair value of the interest make-whole redemption were recorded to other (expense)
income, net and settlement did not impact loss on debt extinguishment.
Revolving Credit Agreement
On May 5, 2021, the Company entered into a senior secured revolving credit agreement (the "Revolving Credit Agreement") among the Company, as
borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, Bank of America N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the "Agent"), and the
lenders from time-to-time party thereto. The Revolving Credit Agreement has a maturity of three years from the closing date of the agreement.
As of December 31, 2021, the Revolving Credit Agreement provided a borrowing capacity equal to $25.0 million. The Company may also request the
issuance of letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Agreement in an aggregate amount up to $5.0 million, which reduces the amount of available
borrowings by the amount of such issued and outstanding letters of credit. The amount the Company is able to borrow is subject to compliance with the
financial covenants, satisfaction of various conditions precedent to borrowing and other provisions of the Revolving Credit Agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement were made at the Eurodollar Rate and bore interest at a rate
per annum equal to the Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) plus an applicable rate equal to 2.25%. The Revolving Credit
Agreement also provides for an unused commitment fee equal to 0.25% of the unused commitments at such time. To the extent that a payment default
exists and is continuing, at the election of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement), all amounts outstanding under the
Revolving Credit Agreement will bear interest at 2.00% per annum above the rate and margin otherwise applicable thereto. The Company is able to repay
any amounts borrowed prior to the maturity date without any premium or penalty other than customary breakage costs.
The Revolving Credit Agreement is guaranteed by the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than Excluded Subsidiaries (as defined in the
Revolving Credit Agreement)) and is secured by a first lien security interest in substantially all assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other
than Excluded Subsidiaries), subject to certain customary exclusions.
As of December 31, 2021, the Revolving Credit Agreement contained the following financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain financial
ratios:
• a minimum Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than $20.0 million for the most recently ended four
fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending before June 30, 2022; and
• a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.25 to 1.0 for the most
recently ended four fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or after June 30, 2022.
Additionally, the Revolving Credit Agreement contains restrictive covenants that limit the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional
indebtedness, incur additional liens, make investments and loans, enter into mergers and acquisitions, make or declare dividends and other payments, enter
into certain contracts, sell assets and engage in transactions with affiliates. The Revolving Credit Agreement is also subject to customary events of default,
including a change in control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the Agent or the Required Lenders may accelerate any amounts outstanding
and terminate lender commitments. The Company is in compliance with the covenants under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2021.
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As of December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $16.0 million, and issued and outstanding letters of credit of $3.3 million, under the
Revolving Credit Agreement, with remaining borrowing capacity of $5.7 million as of December 31, 2021.
On February 25, 2022, the Company amended the Revolving Credit Agreement to expand its aggregate borrowing capacity to $40.0 million, which
increased the Company's remaining borrowing capacity to $20.7 million, and to revise the financial covenants described above. See Footnote 15,
Subsequent Events for further discussion of this amendment.
Failed Sale-Leaseback Transaction
In June 2019, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback arrangement with a vendor to provide $4.3 million in cash proceeds for previously acquired
computer and other equipment. The arrangement is repayable over a 24-month term for total consideration of $4.8 million, with control of the equipment
transferring to the vendor at the end of the leaseback term. The leaseback would have been classified as a financing lease. The transaction was deemed a
failed sale-leaseback and was accounted for as a financing arrangement. Repayments were allocated between interest expense and a reduction of the
financing liability, and the assets continued to depreciate over their useful lives.
In June 2021, the Company extended the sale-leaseback arrangement for an additional 24-month term. The leaseback extension continued to meet the
criteria to be accounted for as a financing arrangement. The present value of cash flows after the extension differed by more than 10% from the present
value of the remaining cash flows immediately prior to the extension. Therefore, the Company concluded the extension should be accounted for as an
extinguishment of the existing financing liability. The fair value of the new financing liability as of June 30, 2021 was $0.9 million, which was estimated
using an income approach and a discount rate of 7.5%.
The financing liability is included within other current and other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021, with
$0.4 million classified as current and $0.3 million classified as non-current.
Remaining future cash payments related to the financing liability under the failed sale-leaseback transaction total $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021,
and are scheduled to be paid in monthly installments through June 2023.
7. Fair Value Measurements
The Company's financial instruments measured at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis consist of the following:
(In thousands)
Assets
Money market funds
(1)
Liabilities
(2)
(3)
Warrants liability
Contingent consideration liability
Financing derivatives
Interest make-whole derivative
Total
(5)
(6)
(4)
As of
December 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
2,429 $
— $
— $
2,429 $
11,928 $
— $
— $
11,928
— $
—
—
—
— $
— $
—
—
—
— $
10,520 $
5,600
—
—
16,120 $
10,520 $
5,600
—
—
16,120 $
— $
—
—
—
— $
— $
—
—
—
— $
2,831 $
—
11,300
871
15,002 $
2,831
—
11,300
871
15,002
$
$
$
Level 1 cash equivalents are invested in money market funds that are intended to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share by investing in liquid, high quality U.S. Dollar-
(1)
denominated money market instruments with maturities less than three months.
(2)
measurements.
(3)
The fair values of these liabilities are derived from techniques which utilize inputs, certain of which are significant and unobservable, that result in classification as Level 3 fair value
Warrants liability includes only the Series A warrants as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The contingent consideration was recognized as part of the acquisition described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. The current and non-current portions of the contingent consideration are
Financing derivatives include only the interest rate reset derivative as of December 31, 2020. The fair value of the make-whole change of control derivative was estimated to be negligible as of
(4)
$1.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively, and are classified within other current and non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(5)
December 31, 2020. Extinguishment of the Notes on March 10, 2021 resulted in derecognition of the interest rate reset and make-whole change of control derivatives.
(6)
settlement of the interest make-whole derivative liability.
The interest make-whole derivative is classified within other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Extinguishment of the Secured Term Note on March 10, 2021 resulted in
The Company did not have any transfers between fair value measurement levels during the periods presented. There were no changes to the Company's
valuation techniques during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020, respectively.
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The following tables present the changes in the Company's recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the warrants liability, contingent consideration,
financing derivatives and interest make-whole derivative for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Total (gain) loss included in other (expense) income, net
(1) (2)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Total loss (gain) included in other (expense) income, net
Settlement or derecognition upon extinguishment of host debt
Initial recognition and measurement
(2)
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Warrants Liability
Contingent
Consideration
Liability
Financing Derivatives
Interest Make-whole
Derivative
$
$
7,725 $
(4,894)
2,831
7,689
—
—
10,520 $
— $
—
—
—
—
5,600
5,600 $
21,587 $
(10,287)
11,300
(1,800)
(9,500)
—
— $
—
871
871
150
(1,021)
—
—
(1)
Represents $7.5 million gain due to change in fair value of interest rate reset derivative liability, $1.6 million gain due to change in fair value of the make-whole change of control redemption
derivative liability and $1.2 million gain due to change in fair value of the qualifying change of control redemption derivative liability. Represents $4.7 million gain due to change in fair value of
the Series A Warrants and $0.2 million gain due to change in fair value of the Series B-2 Warrants.
(2)
All losses and gains were recorded in other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The following table displays the valuation technique and the significant inputs, certain of which are unobservable, for the Company's Level 3 liabilities that
existed as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Warrants liability
Valuation Technique
Option pricing
Contingent consideration liability
Combination
(1)
Fair value measurements
Significant Inputs
Stock price
Exercise price
Volatility
Term
Risk-free rate
Product credit
Revenue volatility
Risk premium
Term
Cost of debt
December 31, 2021
$3.34
$2.47
85.0%
2.49 years
0.9%
December 31, 2020
$2.49
$12.00
80.0%
3.49 years
0.2%
$10.7 million
21.0%
8.4%
1.04 years
4.4%
—
—
—
—
—
(1)
The selected weightings for the option pricing model and discounted cash flow model outcomes were 70.0% and 30.0%, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. Refer to Footnote 2, Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies for further information on the valuation technique.
The primary sensitivities in the valuation of the warrants liability are driven by the price and expected volatility of the Company's Common Stock at the
valuation date.
The primary sensitivities in the option pricing model are driven by forecasted performance and the selected weighting of the model. The primary
sensitivities in the discounted cash flow model are the cost of debt and the selected weighting of the model.
8. Property and Equipment
(In thousands)
Computer equipment
Capitalized internal-use software
Leasehold improvements
Computer software (including software license arrangements of $1,072 in 2021 and $1,611 in 2020)
Finance leases
Office equipment, furniture, and other
Total property and equipment
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (including software license arrangements of $1,072 in 2021 and $1,428 in
2020)
Total property and equipment, net
$
$
As of December 31,
2021
2020
85,847 $
55,428
15,594
8,864
8,886
5,347
179,966
(143,515)
36,451 $
96,657
36,489
15,643
9,306
5,541
4,130
167,766
(136,793)
30,973
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, depreciation expense was $15.8 million, $14.1 million and $12.8 million, respectively. In
addition, amortization expense from finance leases was $2.2 million, $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and
2019, respectively.
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Of the Company's property and equipment, net, 98% and 97% was located in the United States as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
9. Leases
The Company has operating leases for real estate and finance leases for computer equipment and automobiles. These leases have remaining lease terms of
one year to six years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases
within one year. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average remaining lease term for the Company's finance leases and operating leases was 2.1 years
and 5.1 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted average discount rate for the Company's finance leases and operating leases was 11.4%
and 11.5%, respectively.
The components of lease cost were as follows:
(In thousands)
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Interest on lease liabilities
Total finance lease cost
Operating lease cost
Fixed lease cost
Short-term lease cost
Variable lease cost
Sublease income
Total operating lease cost
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
$
$
2,188 $
440
2,628 $
11,212 $
336
1,622
(2,530)
10,640 $
1,652 $
501
2,153 $
12,057 $
824
1,926
(2,579)
12,228 $
Lease costs, net of sublease income, are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows:
(In thousands)
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Cost of revenues
Selling and marketing
Research and development
General and administrative
Total amortization of right-of-use assets
Operating lease cost
Cost of revenues
Selling and marketing
Research and development
General and administrative
Total operating lease cost
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
$
$
1,617 $
243
200
128
2,188 $
3,126 $
3,461
2,367
1,686
10,640 $
1,212 $
176
175
89
1,652 $
3,532 $
4,009
2,609
2,078
12,228 $
2,413
518
2,931
12,556
830
1,986
(1,857)
13,515
1,771
258
253
131
2,413
3,885
4,192
2,595
2,843
13,515
Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:
(In thousands)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Total lease payments
Less: imputed interest
Total lease liabilities
Less: current lease liabilities
Total non-current lease liabilities
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
$
$
11,776 $
11,024
10,059
9,570
9,656
5,628
57,713
(14,120)
43,593
(7,538)
36,055 $
2,539
1,355
926
—
—
—
4,820
(481)
4,339
(2,307)
2,032
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As of December 31, 2021, the Company subleases six real estate properties. Two subleases have a non-cancelable term of less than one year. The remaining
four subleases are non-cancelable and have remaining lease terms of two years to six years. None of these subleases contain any options to renew or
terminate the sublease agreement. Future expected cash receipts from these subleases as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:
(In thousands)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Total expected sublease receipts
10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Sublease Receipts
$
$
2,469
1,521
1,079
808
825
487
7,189
In 2019, the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the estimated fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying value. In its
assessment, the Company considered the sustained decline in the Company's stock price and market capitalization, changes in management, and lower
revenue, among other factors. Accordingly, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2019, relying in part on the
work of an independent valuation firm engaged by the Company to provide inputs as to the fair value of the reporting unit and to assist in the related
calculations and analysis.
The fair value of the reporting unit was determined using a combination of the discounted cash flow model and market value approach. The Company's
reporting unit failed the goodwill impairment test; and as a result, the Company recorded a $224.3 million impairment charge.
The change in the carrying value of goodwill is as follows:
(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Translation adjustments
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Goodwill recognized from acquisition
Translation adjustments
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Goodwill
Accumulated impairment
Total
$
$
$
$
416,418
1,909
418,327
19,202
(1,818)
435,711
659,983
(224,272)
435,711
The Company also recorded a $17.3 million impairment charge related to its strategic alliance intangible asset during 2019. Changes in the Company's
projected revenue in certain non-U.S. geographic markets due to the changing international competitive landscape as well as significant reductions in
international staffing, resulted in a change in the Company's long-term view of the viability of the intangible asset. As such, the Company's assessment
yielded that the benefit of the strategic alliance would not be realized. The fair value of the strategic alliance intangible asset was estimated using an income
approach resulting in an impairment charge for the full carrying value of the long-lived asset of $17.3 million.
The carrying values of the Company's definite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
(In thousands)
Acquired methodologies and technology
Customer relationships
Intellectual property
Acquired software
Panel
Trade names
Other
Total intangible assets
As of
December 31, 2021
As of
December 31, 2020
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
$
$
154,436 $
46,680
14,377
9,287
3,134
753
600
229,267 $
(126,743) $
(35,586)
(13,219)
(9,287)
(3,134)
(753)
(600)
(189,322) $
27,693 $
11,094
1,158
—
—
—
—
39,945 $
148,403 $
40,168
14,379
9,287
3,139
773
600
216,749 $
(106,771) $
(31,170)
(12,787)
(9,286)
(3,139)
(757)
(499)
(164,409) $
41,632
8,998
1,592
1
—
16
101
52,340
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Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $25.0 million, $27.2 million, and $30.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and
2019, respectively.
Of the Company's definite-lived intangible assets, net, substantially all were generated by or located in the United States as of December 31, 2021 and
2020, respectively.
The weighted-average remaining amortization period by major asset class as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:
Acquired methodologies and technology
Customer relationships
Intellectual property
The estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Total
11. Accrued Expenses
(In thousands)
Accrued data costs
Payroll and payroll-related
Professional fees
Other
Total accrued expenses
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
(In years)
1.9
3.4
2.7
(In thousands)
$
$
As of December 31,
2021
2020
$
$
18,116 $
16,272
2,978
7,898
45,264 $
27,096
4,974
2,818
2,529
2,528
39,945
19,375
14,653
4,848
9,504
48,380
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings from time to time. The Company establishes reserves for specific legal proceedings when
management determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has
also identified certain other legal matters where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and/or for which no estimate of possible losses can be
made. In these cases, the Company does not establish a reserve until it can reasonably estimate the loss. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. The outcomes
of legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to the Company's operating results and cash
flows for a particular period.
Privacy Class Action Litigation
On September 11, 2017, the Company and a wholly owned subsidiary, Full Circle Studies, Inc. ("Full Circle"), received demand letters on behalf of named
plaintiffs and all others similarly situated alleging that the Company and Full Circle collected personal information from users under the age of 13 without
verifiable parental consent in violation of Massachusetts law and the federal Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. The letters alleged that the Company
and Full Circle collected such personal information by embedding advertising software development kits in applications created or developed by The Walt
Disney Company. The letters sought monetary damages, attorneys' fees and damages under Massachusetts law. On June 4, 2018, the plaintiffs filed
amended complaints with the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California adding the Company and Full Circle as defendants in a purported
class action (captioned Rushing, et al v. The Walt Disney Company, et al., Case No. 3:17-cv-04419-JD) against Disney, Twitter and other defendants,
alleging violations of California's constitutional right to privacy and intrusion upon seclusion law, New York's deceptive trade practices statute, and
Massachusetts' deceptive trade practices and right to privacy statutes. The complaints alleged damages in excess of $5.0 million, with any award to be
apportioned among the defendants. On February 26, 2020, the Company and Full Circle reached an agreement with the plaintiffs to settle the complaints in
full, with no admission of liability, in return for injunctive relief and payment of the plaintiffs' attorneys' fees, to be covered by the Company's insurance.
The settlement received preliminary court approval on September 24, 2020. The settlement received final court approval on April 12, 2021.
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Other Matters
In addition to the matters described above, the Company is, and may become, a party to a variety of legal proceedings from time to time that arise in the
normal course of the Company's business. While the results of such legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that, based
on current knowledge, the final outcome of any such current pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position,
results of operations or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, legal proceedings can have an adverse effect on the Company because of defense costs,
diversion of management resources and other factors.
Indemnification
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of the Company's directors and certain officers, and the Company's amended and
restated certificate of incorporation requires it to indemnify each of its officers and directors, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, who was or is
a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a
director or officer of the Company. The Company has paid and may in the future pay legal counsel fees incurred by current and former directors and
officers who are involved in legal proceedings that require indemnification.
Similarly, certain of the Company's commercial contracts require it to indemnify contract counterparties under specified circumstances, and the Company
may incur legal counsel fees and other costs in connection with these obligations.
13. Income Taxes
The components of loss before income tax provision (benefit) are as follows:
(In thousands)
Domestic
Foreign
Total
Income tax provision (benefit) is as follows:
(In thousands)
Current:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total
Deferred:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total
Income tax provision (benefit)
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
(53,202) $
4,024
(49,178) $
(44,010) $
(3,006)
(47,016) $
(316,479)
(23,524)
(340,003)
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
— $
405
2,173
2,578 $
(1,538) $
198
(379)
(1,719) $
859 $
— $
45
847
892 $
101 $
238
(329)
10 $
902 $
—
(42)
2,762
2,720
(1,189)
(3,992)
1,454
(3,727)
(1,007)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
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A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:
Statutory federal tax rate
State taxes
Other nondeductible items
Nondeductible interest and derivatives
Foreign rate differences
Change in valuation allowance
Stock compensation
Executive compensation
Goodwill impairment
US tax impact of restructuring
Other adjustments
Uncertain tax positions
Effective tax rate
Income Tax (Provision) Benefit
2021
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
21.0 %
(1.5)%
(3.6)%
(5.9)%
(1.2)%
(16.1)%
(3.8)%
(0.7)%
— %
10.3 %
(0.2)%
— %
(1.7)%
21.0 %
(0.5)%
— %
(9.7)%
(1.8)%
5.9 %
(5.5)%
(0.1)%
— %
(14.4)%
1.1 %
2.1 %
(1.9)%
21.0 %
1.1 %
(0.7)%
(1.5)%
(1.8)%
(5.3)%
(1.2)%
(0.1)%
(10.7)%
— %
(0.5)%
— %
0.3 %
The Company recognized income tax expense of $0.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, which is primarily comprised of current tax
expense of $2.2 million related to foreign taxes and a federal deferred tax benefit of $1.5 million related to temporary differences between the tax treatment
and GAAP accounting treatment for certain items. Included in total tax expense are income tax adjustments of $9.2 million for permanent differences in the
book and tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, and nondeductible interest
expense on debt instruments and associated derivatives. Also included is a favorable return to provision true-up adjustment of $8.3 million for a prior year
permanent difference related to foreign earnings taxable in the U.S. as a result of a tax restructuring that occurred during 2020. Income tax expense of
$16.3 million has also been included for an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit
of the Company's operating losses in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. This increase was offset by an income tax benefit of $2.8 million related to
the release of the portion of the Company's valuation allowance as a result of the Shareablee acquisition. These tax adjustments, along with state and local
taxes and book losses in foreign jurisdictions where the income tax rate is substantially lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, are the primary drivers of
the annual effective income tax rate.
The Company recognized income tax expense of $0.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, which is primarily comprised of current tax
expense of $0.8 million related to foreign taxes. Included in total tax expense are income tax adjustments of $8.9 million for permanent differences in the
book and tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, and nondeductible interest
expense on debt instruments and associated derivatives. Also included is an adjustment of $11.2 million for a permanent difference related to foreign
earnings taxable in the U.S. as a result of a tax restructuring that occurred during the year. These tax adjustments, along with state and local taxes and book
losses in foreign jurisdictions where the income tax rate is substantially lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, are the primary drivers of the annual
effective income tax rate.
The Company recognized an income tax benefit of $1.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, which is comprised of current tax expense of
$2.7 million primarily related to foreign taxes and a deferred tax benefit of $3.7 million related to temporary differences between the tax treatment and
GAAP accounting treatment for certain items. Included within the total tax benefit is income tax expense of $17.3 million related to the increase in
valuation allowance recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit of the Company's operating losses in the U.S. and certain
foreign jurisdictions. Also included in the total tax benefit are income tax adjustments of $58.6 million related to the impairment of goodwill and $15.2
million for permanent differences in the book and tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive
compensation, nondeductible interest expense on debt instruments and associated derivatives, and other nondeductible expenses. These tax adjustments,
along with state and local taxes and book losses in foreign jurisdictions where the income tax rate is substantially lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate,
are the primary drivers of the annual effective income tax rate.
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Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax reporting purposes. The components of net deferred income taxes are as follows:
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards
Lease liability
Deferred revenues
Deferred compensation
Accrued salaries and benefits
Tax credits
Tax contingencies
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Capital loss carryforwards
Other
Gross deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease asset
Property and equipment
Intangible assets
Subpart F income recapture
Goodwill
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax asset
Tax Valuation Allowance
As of December 31,
2021
2020
$
$
$
$
$
$
210,235 $
15,909
20,001
5,672
3,120
2,187
1,160
311
269
2,307
261,171 $
(233,843)
27,328 $
(9,517) $
(7,312)
(4,357)
(1,222)
(4,136)
(76)
(26,620) $
708 $
197,017
14,517
14,483
6,138
3,499
2,187
1,132
776
263
2,550
242,562
(220,115)
22,447
(8,829)
(5,716)
(3,495)
(1,224)
(958)
(111)
(20,333)
2,114
As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company had a valuation allowance of $233.8 million and $220.1 million, respectively, against certain deferred
tax assets. The valuation allowance relates to the deferred tax assets of the Company's U.S. entities, including federal and state tax attributes and timing
differences, as well as the deferred tax assets of certain foreign subsidiaries. The increase in the valuation allowance during 2021 is primarily related to the
pre-tax losses generated in the U.S., offset by the valuation allowance release as a result of the Shareablee acquisition mentioned above. To the extent the
Company determines that, based on the weight of available evidence, all or a portion of its valuation allowance is no longer necessary, the Company will
recognize an income tax benefit in the period such determination is made for the reversal of the valuation allowance. If management determines that, based
on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized, the Company may
recognize income tax expense in the period such determination is made to increase the valuation allowance. It is possible that such reduction of or addition
to the Company's valuation allowance may have a material impact on the Company's results from operations.
A summary of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance is as follows:
(In thousands)
Beginning Balance
Additions from continuing operations
Additions from acquisition accounting
Reductions
Ending Balance
Net Operating Loss and Credit Carryforwards
As of December 31,
2021
2020
$
$
220,115 $
13,462
275
(9)
233,843 $
219,607
737
—
(229)
220,115
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes of $620.0 million and $1,403.0 million,
respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2023 for federal income tax purposes and 2022 for state income tax purposes.
The federal and certain state net operating losses generated after December 31, 2017 have an indefinite carryforward
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period. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had an aggregate net operating loss carryforward for tax purposes related to its foreign subsidiaries of $5.4
million, which will begin to expire in 2024.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had research and development credit carryforwards of $3.2 million which begin to expire in 2025.
Under the provisions of Internal Revenue Code Section 382, certain substantial changes in the Company's ownership may result in a limitation on the
amount of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and taxes payable. A significant portion of the
Company's net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company anticipates
the Transactions may have triggered further limitations but has not yet reached a final conclusion as to whether an ownership change occurred and to what
extent its net operating loss carryforwards are further limited. Additionally, despite the net operating loss carryforwards, the Company may have a future
tax liability due to foreign tax or state tax requirements.
Foreign Undistributed Earnings
As of December 31, 2021, the Company has certain foreign subsidiaries with accumulated undistributed earnings. The TCJA allows for a dividend received
deduction resulting in no material U.S. federal income tax upon repatriation of these earnings. The Company intends to indefinitely reinvest these earnings,
as well as future earnings from its foreign subsidiaries, to fund its international operations and therefore has not accrued any foreign withholding taxes or
state income taxes.
Uncertain Tax Positions
For uncertain tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax
positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefits determined on a cumulative
probability basis, which are more-likely-than-not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. The Company has unrecognized tax
benefits, which are tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions which have been or will be reflected in income tax filings that have not been recognized in
the financial statements due to potential adjustments by taxing authorities in the applicable jurisdictions. The Company's liabilities for unrecognized tax
benefits, which include interest and penalties, were $0.6 million and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The remaining
unrecognized tax benefits have reduced deferred tax balances. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Company's
effective tax rate are $2.0 million, $2.0 million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and include the federal tax benefit
of state deductions. The Company anticipates a negligible amount of unrecognized tax benefits will reverse during the next year due to the expiration of
statutes of limitation.
Changes in the Company's unrecognized income tax benefits are as follows:
(In thousands)
Beginning balance
Increase related to tax positions of prior years
Increase related to tax positions of the current year
Decrease related to tax positions of prior years
Decrease due to lapse in statutes of limitations
Ending balance
2021
As of December 31,
2020
2019
2,078 $
—
40
(20)
(46)
2,052 $
2,400 $
47
51
(5)
(415)
2,078 $
2,560
14
53
(84)
(143)
2,400
$
$
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, accrued interest
and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits were $0.1 million. The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal
jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. For income tax returns filed by the Company, the Company is generally no longer subject to
U.S. federal examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2018 or state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2017. The
Company is no longer subject to examination by tax authorities in the Netherlands for years prior to 2015. However, tax attribute carryforwards may still be
adjusted upon examination by tax authorities.
14. Related Party Transactions
Transactions with WPP
As of December 31, 2021 (based on public filings), WPP owned 11,319,363 shares of the Company's outstanding Common Stock, representing 12.5% of
the outstanding Common Stock. The Company provides WPP, in the normal course of business, services amongst its different products and receives
various services from WPP supporting the Company's data collection efforts.
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The Company's results from transactions with WPP, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, are detailed
below:
(In thousands)
Revenues
Cost of revenues
General and administrative
Years Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019
$
$
13,595
12,537
155
$
13,315
10,094
316
15,858
10,455
539
The Company has the following balances related to transactions with WPP, as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(In thousands)
Assets
Accounts receivable, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Liabilities
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Contract liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Transactions with Charter, Qurate and Pine
As of December 31,
2021
2020
$
$
3,506 $
333
1,395 $
740
3,403
1,582
4,045
1,496
2,817
835
3,538
—
Charter, Qurate and Pine each hold 33.3% of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, which are entitled to convert into shares of Common Stock and to
vote as a single class with the holders of the Common Stock as described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity.
In addition, Charter, Qurate and Pine each designated two directors to the Company's Board in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement.
As of December 31, 2021, Charter, Qurate and Pine each owned 27,509,203 shares of the Company's outstanding Preferred Stock. On June 30, 2021, in
accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock, the Company made cash dividend payments totaling $4.8 million to the holders of
the Preferred Stock, representing dividends accrued for the period from the Closing Date through June 29, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, accrued
dividends to the holders of Preferred Stock totaled $7.9 million.
Concurrent with the closing of the Transactions on March 10, 2021, the Company entered into a ten-year Data License Agreement ("DLA") with Charter
Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating"), an affiliate of Charter. Under the DLA, Charter Operating will bill the Company for license fees
according to a payment schedule that gradually increases from $10.0 million in the first year of the term to $32.3 million in the tenth year of the term. The
Company recognizes expense for the license fees ratably over the term. A portion of the annual license fees is allocated to a base license comparable to the
Company's prior license with Charter Operating. The remaining fees are allocated to the additional data sets contemplated by the DLA and the designation
and related endorsement of the Company as Charter Operating's preferred data measurement partner for the term.
The Company's results from transactions with Charter and its affiliates, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss,
are detailed below:
(In thousands)
Revenues
Cost of revenues
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
$
1,849
21,998
The Company has the following liability balances related to transactions with Charter and its affiliates, as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
(In thousands)
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Non-current portion of accrued data costs
As of
December 31, 2021
$
5,180
3,377
7,843
The Company recognized revenues of $0.8 million from transactions with Qurate and its affiliates in the normal course of business during the year ended
December 31, 2021 as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The Company had no transactions, other than the issuance of shares of Preferred Stock and related matters, with Pine for the year ended December 31,
2021.
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Transactions with Starboard
In 2018, the Company entered into certain agreements with Starboard, then a beneficial owner of more than 5.0% of the Company's outstanding Common
Stock. Refer to Footnote 6, Debt, for further information regarding these agreements and the Company's issuance of Notes to Starboard in 2018. As a result
of these agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby, Starboard ceased to be a beneficial owner of more than 5.0% of the Company's outstanding
Common Stock in January 2018. In addition, pursuant to a prior agreement with Starboard, the Company provided Starboard the right to designate certain
members to the Company's Board. As of December 31, 2018, Starboard had no remaining right to designate any directors to the Board. As of December 31,
2021, there were no directors remaining on the Board who were designated by Starboard.
In the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, the Company recorded interest expense, inclusive of non-cash accretion of
issuance discount and deferred financing costs, related to the Notes of $6.6 million, $33.3 million and $30.8 million during the years ended December 31,
2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
In connection with the extinguishment of the Notes on March 10, 2021, the Company issued 3,150,000 Conversion Shares to Starboard valued at
$9.6 million as discussed in Footnote 6, Debt, which amount was included as a component of loss on extinguishment of debt in the Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The Company had no outstanding balances related to Starboard as of December 31, 2021. The outstanding balances for the Notes, related financing
derivatives, and other non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2020 are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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15. Subsequent Events
Amendment to Revolving Credit Agreement
On February 25, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment (the "Amendment") to the Revolving Credit Agreement. In addition to expanding the
Company's aggregate borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Agreement from $25.0 million to $40.0 million, the Amendment modified certain
financial covenants and interest rates under the Revolving Credit Agreement. The amended Revolving Credit Agreement requires the Company to
maintain:
• minimum Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than $20.0 million for the most recently ended four
fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or before December 31, 2022;
•
•
a minimum Consolidated Asset Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.5 to 1.0 for the most recently
ended four fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or before December 31, 2022; and
a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.25 to 1.0 for the most
recently ended four fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2023.
The Amendment also replaced the Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) with a SOFR-based interest rate and modified the
Applicable Rate definition in the Revolving Credit Agreement to increase the Applicable Rate payable on SOFR-based loans to 2.50% until the date a
compliance certificate is received for the quarter ending March 31, 2023, with such Applicable Rate thereafter reducing to 2.25%.
CEO Transition
On February 28, 2022, the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Executive Vice Chairman, William Livek, announced his intention to retire as
the Company's CEO and transition to a non-executive Vice Chairman role after his successor as CEO is named. Mr. Livek plans to serve as non-executive
Vice Chairman of the Company's Board of Directors through the completion of his Board term in 2024.
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ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), under the supervision and with the participation of our
principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as
defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and
principal financial officer concluded that as of December 31, 2021, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance
that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and
reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)
of the Exchange Act. Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer,
assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 based on criteria established in Internal Control -
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As a result of this assessment,
management concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting was effective in providing reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2021, and their report is included below. Deloitte & Touche LLP has also audited, and issued an unqualified opinion with respect to, our
Consolidated Financial Statements for 2021, which opinion is included in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," of this 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d), management is required to evaluate, with the participation of our principal executive officer and
principal financial officer, any changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during each fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting
during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
In the third quarter of 2021, we completed our implementation of a new enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system. This implementation resulted in
changes to our reporting processes and our internal control over financial reporting, by automating certain manual procedures and standardizing business
processes and reporting across the organization. We will continue to monitor our internal control over financial reporting under the new system, including
evaluating the operating effectiveness of related key controls.
Inherent Limitation on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls
The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in
designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, any
system of internal control over financial reporting can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. In addition,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal
controls as necessary or appropriate for our business, but we cannot assure that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal
control over financial reporting in future periods.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of comScore, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of comScore, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021, based on
criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,
based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated
financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, of the Company and our report dated March 2, 2022, expressed an unqualified
opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control
over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
McLean, Virginia
March 2, 2022
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ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C.
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
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ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
PART III
Certain information regarding our directors and executive officers required by Item 10 of Part III is set forth in Item 1 of Part I "Business - Executive
Officers and Directors." Other information required by Item 10 of Part III, including information regarding any material changes to the process by which
security holders may recommend nominees to the Board of Directors, is incorporated by reference to the information that will be included in our Proxy
Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information required by Item 10 of Part III regarding our Audit Committee is incorporated
by reference to the information that will be set forth in our Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information relating to
our compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated by reference to the information that will be set forth in our Proxy Statement relating
to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting
officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. We have posted the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our investor relations website
under the heading "Corporate Governance" at www.comscore.com. To the extent permissible under Nasdaq rules, we intend to disclose any amendments to
our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as well as waivers of the provisions thereof, on our investor relations website under the heading "Corporate
Governance" at www.comscore.com.
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by Item 11 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the information that will be included in our Proxy Statement relating to our 2022
Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information required by Item 12 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the information that will be included in our Proxy Statement relating to our 2022
Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information required by Item 13 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the information that will be included in our Proxy Statement relating to our 2022
Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information required by Item 14 of Part III regarding our principal accountant, Deloitte & Touche LLP (PCAOB ID No. 34), is incorporated by reference to
the information that will be included in our Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
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ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
PART IV
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
(1) Financial statements and reports of our independent registered public accounting firm. See (i) Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
at Item 8 and (ii) Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2) All other schedules, for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC, are omitted, as the required
information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(3) Exhibits. The exhibits filed as part of this report are listed under "Exhibits" at subsection (b) of this Item 15.
(b) Exhibits
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EXHIBITS
Exhibit
No.
Exhibit
Document
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12+
10.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1, as amended, filed June 12, 2007) (File No. 333-141740)
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of comScore, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2
to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed June 4, 2018) (File No. 333-225400)
Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of comScore, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of State of the State
of Delaware on February 9, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 9,
2017) (File No. 001-33520)
Certificate of Elimination of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of comScore, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware on September 29, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-
K, filed October 4, 2017) (File No. 001-33520)
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of comScore, Inc., dated March 10, 2021 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 15, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Certificate of Designations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001, of comScore, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 15, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Amended and Restated Bylaws of comScore, Inc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the period ended June 30, 2018, filed August 10, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
Stockholders Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2021, by and among comScore, Inc., Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC,
Qurate Retail, Inc. and Pine Investor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed
March 15, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2021, by and among comScore, Inc., Charter Communications Holding Company,
LLC, Qurate Retail, Inc. and Pine Investor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K,
filed March 15, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as
amended, filed June 12, 2007) (File No. 333-141740)
Series A Warrant Issued to CVI Investments, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K,
filed June 26, 2019) (File No. 001-33520)
Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 26, 2019, between comScore, Inc and CVI Investments, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 26, 2019) (File No. 001-33520)
Voting Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2011, by and among comScore, Inc. and The Nielsen Company (US) LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2011) (File No. 001-33520)
Stockholders Rights Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2015, by and among comScore, Inc., WPP Group USA, Inc. and Cavendish Square
Holding B.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(3) to Cavendish Square Holding B.V.'s and WPP plc's Tender Offer Statement on
Schedule TO, filed February 20, 2015) (File No. 005-83687)
Voting Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2015, by and among comScore, Inc., WPP Group USA, Inc. and Cavendish Square Holding B.V.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) to Cavendish Square Holding B.V.'s and WPP plc's Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO,
filed February 20, 2015) (File No. 005-83687)
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 16, 2018, by and among comScore, Inc. and the investors listed on the Schedule of
Buyers attached thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 16, 2018)
(File No. 001-33520)
Letter Agreement, dated December 26, 2020, by and among comScore, Inc., Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund Ltd. and the
other investors listed on the signature pages attached thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on
Form 8-K, filed December 31, 2020) (File No. 001-33520)
Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, by and among comScore, Inc. and certain funds affiliated with or managed by Starboard Value LP
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 8, 2021) (File No. 0001-33520)
Description of Securities
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Charter
Communications Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed
January 8, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
90
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10.2
10.3
10.4^
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16*
10.17*
10.18*
10.19*
10.20*
10.21*
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Qurate Retail,
Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 8, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Pine Investor,
LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 8, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Data License Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Charter Communications Operating, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 15, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Credit Agreement, dated as of May 5, 2021, among comScore, Inc. (as Borrower), certain subsidiaries of the Borrower (as Guarantors), Bank
of America, N.A. (as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender, and L/C Issuer), and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2021, filed August 9, 2021) (File No. 001-
33520)
Patent Purchase, License and Settlement Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2011, by and among comScore, Inc., The Nielsen Company
(US) LLC and NetRatings LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December
21, 2011) (File No. 001-33520)
Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2011, by and among comScore, Inc. and The Nielsen Company (US) LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2011) (File No. 001-33520)
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2015, by and among Cavendish Square Holding B.V., WPP Group USA, Inc., CS
Worldnet Holding B.V. and comScore, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) to Cavendish Square Holding B.V.'s and WPP plc's
Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO, filed February 20, 2015) (File No. 005-83687)
Strategic Alliance Agreement, dated February 11, 2015, by and between comScore, Inc. and WPP Group USA, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit (d)(5) to Cavendish Square Holding B.V.'s and WPP plc's Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO, filed February 20,
2015) (File No. 005-83687)
Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2015, by and between comScore, Inc. and Cavendish Square Holding B.V. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 3, 2015) (File No. 001-33520)
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2019, by and among comScore, Inc. and CVI Investments, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 24, 2019) (File No. 001-33520)
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 16, 2021, by and among comScore, Inc., SS Media Holdco, LLC, SS Media Merger Sub,
Inc., Shareablee, Inc., Shareablee Holdco, Inc., Shareablee Merger Sub, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, as Stockholder
Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 17, 2021) (File
No. 001-33520)
Deed of Lease between South of Market LLC (as Landlord) and comScore, Inc. (as Tenant), dated December 21, 2007 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 5, 2008) (File No. 001-33520)
Amendment No. 6 to Deed of Lease, dated as of May 30, 2018, by and between South of Market LLC and comScore, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 5, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
Amendment No. 7 to Deed of Lease, dated as of May 24, 2021, by and between South of Market LLC and comScore, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2021, filed August 9, 2021) (File
No. 001-33520)
comScore, Inc. 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (as Amended and Restated Effective as of July 9, 2020) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 15, 2020) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Notice for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on
Form 8-K, filed June 5, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units and Common Stock Award Notice for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the
Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 5, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Notice for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on
Form 8-K, filed June 5, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018, filed November 9, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Change of Control and Severance Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form
8-K, filed on September 10, 2018) (File No. 001-33520)
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10.22*
10.23*
10.24*
10.25*
10.26*
10.27*
10.28
10.29*
10.30*
10.31*
10.32*
10.33*
10.34*
10.35*
10.36*
10.37*
10.38*
10.39*
10.40
21.1+
23.1+
Letter Agreement, dated November 4, 2019, between comScore, Inc. and William Livek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed November 6, 2019) (File No. 001-33520)
Change of Control and Severance Agreement, executed on September 28, 2015, by and between comScore, Inc. and William Livek
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019, filed
February 28, 2020) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28,
2020) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Deferred Stock Units Award Agreement under 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.34 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020) (File No. 001-
33520)
Form of Performance Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement under 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28,
2020) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement under 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.36 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020) (File No. 001-
33520)
Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, filed May 6, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement (CEO), dated March 10, 2021, under 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, filed May
6, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement (Other Executive Officers), dated March 10, 2021, under 2018 Equity and Incentive
Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March
31, 2021, filed May 6, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Notice (Chair), dated March 10, 2021, under 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, filed May
6, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Separation and General Release Agreement, dated as of July 21, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Gregory Fink (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2021, filed November 9,
2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Severance Agreement, effective as of November 29, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Jonathan Carpenter (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Change of Control Agreement, effective as of November 29, 2021, by and between comScore, Inc. and Jonathan Carpenter (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2021) (File No. 001-33520)
Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement, dated November 29, 2021, between comScore, Inc. and Jonathan Carpenter (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.5 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed December 23, 2021) (File No. 333-261890)
Shareablee, Inc. 2013 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-8, filed December 23, 2021) (File No. 333-261890)
Amendment No. 1 to Shareablee, Inc. 2013 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed December 23, 2021) (File No. 333-261890)
Amendment No. 2 to Shareablee, Inc. 2013 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed December 23, 2021) (File No. 333-261890)
Amendment No. 3 to Shareablee, Inc. 2013 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed December 23, 2021) (File No. 333-261890)
First Amendment, dated as of February 25, 2022, to the Credit Agreement among comScore, Inc. (as Borrower), certain subsidiaries of the
Borrower (as Guarantors), Bank of America, N.A. (as Administrative Agent), and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 28, 2022) (File No. 001-33520)
List of Subsidiaries
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP
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31.1+
31.2+
32.1+
32.2+
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002
101.INS
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the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
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104
Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page iXBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Filed or furnished herewith
Specific terms in this exhibit (indicated therein by asterisks) have been omitted because such terms are both not material and would likely
cause competitive harm to the Registrant if publicly disclosed.
^
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ITEM 16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
94
Table of Contents
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
COMSCORE, INC.
By:
By:
By:
/s/ William P. Livek
William P. Livek
Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice Chairman
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Jonathan Carpenter
Jonathan Carpenter
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Mary Margaret Curry
Mary Margaret Curry
Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
March 2, 2022
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Table of Contents
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant
and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
/s/ William P. Livek
William P. Livek
/s/ Jonathan Carpenter
Jonathan Carpenter
/s/ Mary Margaret Curry
Mary Margaret Curry
/s/ Brent D. Rosenthal
Brent D. Rosenthal
/s/ Irwin Gotlieb
Irwin Gotlieb
/s/ Nana Banerjee
Nana Banerjee
/s/ Itzhak Fisher
Itzhak Fisher
/s/ David Kline
David Kline
/s/ Pierre-Andre Liduena
Pierre-Andre Liduena
/s/ Kathleen Love
Kathleen Love
/s/ Marty Patterson
Marty Patterson
/s/ Brian Wendling
Brian Wendling
Title
Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice Chairman
(Principal Executive Officer)
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Non-Executive Chairman
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
96
Date
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
March 2, 2022
Table of Contents
Exhibit 4.12
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following is a summary of the material terms of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Exchange Act"), as of December 31, 2021. The summary is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our amended
and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form
10-K of which this exhibit is a part. The following also summarizes certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the
"DGCL") and is subject to and qualified by reference to the DGCL.
General
Our authorized capital stock consists of 275,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 90,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.001 per share. Our Board of Directors ("Board") may establish the rights and preferences of the preferred stock from time
to time. As of December 31, 2021, there were 90,407,290 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, held of record by 96 stockholders,
although we believe that there may be a significantly larger number of beneficial owners of our common stock. We derived the number of
stockholders by reviewing the listing of outstanding common stock recorded by our transfer agent as of December 31, 2021.
Out of the preferred stock, as of December 31, 2021, 82,527,609 shares have been designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, of which
82,527,609 shares were outstanding. The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock at the option of its holders
on a one-to-one basis, subject to adjustment for accrued dividends and other items.
The following is a summary of the material provisions of the common stock and preferred stock provided for in our certificate of
incorporation and bylaws. For additional detail about our capital stock, please refer to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each as
amended, each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this exhibit is a part.
Common Stock
Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders, and there are no
cumulative rights. Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive
ratably the dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. If there is
a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, holders of our common stock would be entitled to share in our assets remaining after
the payment of liabilities and any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock.
In all matters, other than the election of directors and except as otherwise required by law or the provisions of our certificate of incorporation
or bylaws, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present or represented by proxy at a meeting and entitled to vote on the subject
matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by
proxy and entitled to vote on the election of directors.
Holders of our common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking
fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. The rights,
preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of
1
Exhibit 4.12
shares of any series of preferred stock, including those currently outstanding and those that we may designate and issue in the future.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SCOR.” The transfer agent and registrar for the common
stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. Its address is 59 Maiden Lane, Plaza Level, New York, NY 10038, and its
telephone number is (800) 937-5449.
Preferred Stock
Under the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our Board is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or
more series, from time to time, without stockholder approval and to establish the number of shares to be included in each such series. Our
Board has the discretion to determine the designation, powers, preferences, privileges, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions,
including voting rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. The rights, preferences,
privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series will be fixed by the certificate of designation relating to that series.
The issuance of preferred stock will affect, and may adversely affect, the rights of holders of common stock. It is not possible to state the
actual effect of the future issuance of any shares of preferred stock on the rights of holders of common stock until the Board determines the
specific rights attached to that preferred stock. The effects of issuing preferred stock could include one or more of the following:
•
•
•
•
restricting dividends on the common stock;
diluting the voting power of the common stock;
impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock; and
delaying or preventing changes in control or management of us.
We currently have 82,527,609 outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. We have no other classes of preferred stock
currently designated or outstanding. Preferred stock will be fully paid and nonassessable upon issuance.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
On March 10, 2021 (the "Closing Date"), we filed a certificate of designations, which designated 82,527,609 shares of our preferred stock as
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock ("Certificate of Designations"). As of December 31, 2021, there were 82,527,609 shares of our Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding. The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to
dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.
The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the higher of (i) the initial purchase price, increased by
accrued dividends per share, and (ii) the amount per share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock that a holder would have received if such
holder, immediately prior to our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, converted such share into
common stock. The holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to participate in all dividends declared on the common stock
on an as-converted basis and are also entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 7.5% per annum, payable annually in arrears and subject
to increase under certain specified circumstances ("Annual Dividends"), in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in
the Certificate of Designations. In addition, such holders are entitled to a one-time dividend on the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the
"Special Dividend") equal to the highest dividend that the Board determines can be paid at that time (or a lesser amount as may be
unanimously agreed upon by the
2
Exhibit 4.12
initial selling stockholders and certain transferees), subject to the additional conditions and limitations set forth in the Stockholders
Agreement (the "SHA").
Subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments and customary provisions related to partial dividend periods, the Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock is convertible at the option of the holders at any time into a number of shares of common stock equal to the Conversion Rate (as
defined in the Certificate of Designations), which was initially 1:1; provided that each holder will receive cash in lieu of fractional shares (if
any). At any time after the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, we may elect to convert all of the outstanding shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if (a) the closing sale price of the common stock was greater than 140% of the conversion price
as of such time, as may be adjusted pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, (i) for at least 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive
trading days immediately prior to the date of notice of mandatory conversion and (ii) on the last trading day of such 30-day period and (b) the
pro rata share of an aggregate of $100,000,000 in Annual Dividends and/or Special Dividends has been paid with respect to each share of
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock that was outstanding as of the Closing Date and remains outstanding.
If we undergo certain change of control transactions, (a) each holder of outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will have
the option to require us to purchase any or all of its shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock at a purchase price per share of Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock equal to the Liquidation Preference (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) of such share of Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock as of the applicable date ("Change of Control Put") and (b) to the extent the holder has not exercised the Change
of Control Put, we will have the right to redeem, subject to the holder's right to convert prior to such redemption, all of such holder's shares of
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, or if a holder exercises the Change of Control Put in part, the remainder of such holder's shares of
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, at a redemption price per share equal to the Liquidation Preference as of the date of redemption.
The holders of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of the common stock and
the holders of any of our other classes or series of capital stock then entitled to vote with the common stock on all matters submitted to a vote
of the holders of common stock. Each holder is entitled to the number of votes equal to the product of (i) the largest number of whole shares
of common stock into which all shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock could be converted pursuant to the Certificate of Designations
(except that the conversion rate for this purpose will be equal to the product of the applicable conversion factor and 0.98091271) multiplied
by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held by such holder and the
denominator of which is the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, in each case at and
calculated as of the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote or consent on such matters or, if no such record date is
established, at and as of the date such vote or consent is taken or any written consent of stockholders is first executed; provided, among other
things, that to the extent the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held by any initial selling stockholder and certain transferees would, in the
aggregate, represent voting rights with respect to more than 16.66% of the common stock (including the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
on an as-converted basis) (the "Voting Threshold"), such initial selling stockholder and transferees and affiliates will not be permitted to
exercise the voting rights with respect to any shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock held by them in excess of the Voting Threshold
and we will exercise the voting rights with respect to such shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in excess of the Voting Threshold
in a neutral manner. If a holder acquires shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock from another holder, the acquiring holder's Voting
Threshold will be increased proportionately based on the number of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock that such holder acquires
and the disposing holder's Voting Threshold will be decreased proportionately based on the number of shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock that
3
Exhibit 4.12
such holder disposes of, such that the aggregate Voting Threshold of all holders of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock does not
exceed 49.99%.
The full text of the Certificate of Designations was previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on
March 15, 2021. The foregoing description of the Certificate of Designations and the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit.
Warrants
In June 2019, we issued Series A Warrants to CVI Investments, Inc. ("CVI Investments") in connection with a private placement that closed
on June 26, 2019 (the "CVI Closing Date"). The Series A Warrants are exercisable for a period of five years from the CVI Closing Date and
are currently exercisable into 5,457,026 shares of common stock. The adjusted exercise price for the Series A Warrants is $2.4719.
The exercise price for the Series A Warrants is subject to further adjustment in certain circumstances. In addition, if and to the extent the
exercise of any warrants would, together with the issuances of common stock to CVI Investments on the CVI Closing Date and the shares
issued pursuant to the exercise of any other warrants, result in the issuance of 20.0% or more of our outstanding common stock on the CVI
Closing Date, then we intend to, in lieu of issuing such shares, settle the obligation to issue such shares in cash. CVI Investments may not
exercise such warrants to the extent (but only to the extent) it or any of its affiliates would beneficially own a number of shares of our
common stock which would exceed 4.99%. CVI Investments has the right, in its discretion, to raise this threshold up to 9.99% with 60 days'
notice to us.
Applicable Forum, Venue, and Jurisdiction
Our bylaws establish the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought
by or on behalf of comScore, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (the "Company"), any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty by a
director, officer or employee of the Company to the Company or its stockholders, any action asserting a claim under the DGCL, our amended
and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine unless otherwise
agreed to by us.
However, the exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. To the extent any such
claims may be based upon federal law claims, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to
enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities
Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for the federal and state
4
Exhibit 4.12
courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
Effect of Certain Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and the Delaware Anti-Takeover
Statute
Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could make the following
transactions more difficult:
•
•
•
acquisition of us by means of a tender offer;
acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or
removal of our incumbent officers and directors.
These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to promote
stability in our management. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with
our Board.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide for the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Undesignated Preferred Stock. The ability to authorize undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our Board to issue one or
more series of preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change
control of the Company. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control
or management of us.
Stockholder Meetings. Our charter documents provide that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by resolution
adopted by the Board, the chairman of the Board or the chief executive officer.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals. Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures
with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or
at the direction of the Board or a committee of the Board.
Board Classification. Our Board is divided into three classes. The directors in each class serve for a three-year term, one class being
elected each year by our stockholders. This system of electing and removing directors may tend to discourage a third party from
making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, because it generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to
replace a majority of the directors.
Limits on Ability of Stockholders to Act by Written Consent. We have provided in our certificate of incorporation that our
stockholders may not act by written consent. This limit on the ability of our stockholders to act by written consent may lengthen the
amount of time required to take stockholder actions. As a result, a holder controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be
5
Exhibit 4.12
able to amend our bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of our stockholders called in accordance with our bylaws.
•
Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. The amendment of the above provisions of our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and bylaws requires approval by holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding capital stock entitled to
vote generally in the election of directors.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute
We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any
interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following
exceptions:
•
•
•
before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in
the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder
owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of
determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares
owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have
the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting
of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not
owned by the interested stockholder.
In general, Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:
•
•
•
•
•
any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;
any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of either the assets or outstanding stock of
the corporation involving the interested stockholder;
subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation
to the interested stockholder;
any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of
the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or
the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or
through the corporation.
In general, Section 203 defines interested stockholder as an entity or person who, together with affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or
within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the
corporation.
6
The following subsidiary of comScore, Inc. is considered a significant subsidiary as of December 31, 2021.
SUBSIDIARY OF THE REGISTRANT
Name of Subsidiary Jurisdiction of Incorporation.
Rentrak Corporation Oregon, U.S.A.
Exhibit 21.1
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-144281, 333-155355, 333-159126, 333-166349, 333-
172838, 333-179625, 333-186764, 333-194010, 333-202221, 333-209310, 333-225400, 333-239931 and 333-261890 on Form S-8, and
Registration Statement Nos. 333-231778, 333-226246 and 333-259181 on Form S-3 of our reports dated March 2, 2022, relating to the
financial statements of comScore, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") and the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over
financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
McLean, Virginia
March 2, 2022
Exhibit 31.1
I, William P. Livek, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of comScore, Inc.;
CERTIFICATIONS
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for
the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to
the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting.
/s/ William P. Livek
William P. Livek
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: March 2, 2022
Exhibit 31.2
I, Jonathan Carpenter, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of comScore, Inc.;
CERTIFICATIONS
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for
the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to
the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting.
/s/ Jonathan Carpenter
Jonathan Carpenter
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: March 2, 2022
Exhibit 32.1
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
In connection with the Annual Report of comScore, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, William P. Livek, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
A signed original of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the SEC or its staff
upon request.
/s/ William P. Livek
William P. Livek
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: March 2, 2022
Exhibit 32.2
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
In connection with the Annual Report of comScore, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Jonathan Carpenter, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company,
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
A signed original of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the SEC or its staff
upon request.
/s/ Jonathan Carpenter
Jonathan Carpenter
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: March 2, 2022