Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___ to ___ Commission file number: 1-3247 CORNING INCORPORATED (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) New York 16-0393470 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) One Riverfront Plaza, Corning, New York 14831 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) 607-974-9000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.50 par value per share GLW New York Stock Exchange 3.875% Notes due 2026 GLW26 New York Stock Exchange 4.125% Notes due 2031 GLW31 New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2024 was approximately $33 billion based on the New York Stock Exchange closing price on such date. There were 856,564,001 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2025. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its May 1, 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III. 1 Table of Contents PART I Corning Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries are hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “Corning,” “we,” “our,” or “us.” This report contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to plans, objectives, expectations and estimates and may contain words such as “will,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “see,” “would,” “target,” “estimate,” “forecast,” or similar expressions. Actual results could differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could contribute to these differences include those discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and elsewhere in this report. Item 1. Business General Corning traces its origins to a glass business established in 1851. The present corporation was incorporated in the State of New York in December 1936. The Company’s name was changed from Corning Glass Works to Corning Incorporated on April 28, 1989. Corning is vital to progress – in the industries we help advance and in the world we share. For more than 170 years, Corning has combined its unparalleled expertise in glass science, ceramic science and optical physics with deep manufacturing and engineering capabilities to develop category-defining products that transform industries and enhance people’s lives. Our materials science and manufacturing expertise, boundless curiosity and commitment to purposeful invention place us at the center of the way the world works, learns and lives. In addition, our sustained investment in research, development and engineering capabilities means we are always ready to solve the toughest challenges alongside our customers. Our capabilities are versatile and synergistic, allowing Corning to evolve to meet changing market needs, while also helping customers capture new opportunities in dynamic industries. Today, Corning’s markets include optical communications, mobile consumer electronics, display, automotive, solar, semiconductor and life sciences. Corning’s industry-leading products include damage-resistant cover materials for mobile devices; precision glass for advanced displays; optical fiber, cable and connectivity solutions for advanced communications networks, such as fiber to the home and data centers, enabling artificial intelligence and connections around the world; trusted products to accelerate drug discovery and delivery; and clean-air technologies and technical glass for cars and trucks. Corning manufactures products at 124 plants in 15 countries and operates in five reportable segments: Optical Communications, Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences. Optical Communications Segment We invented the world’s first low-loss optical fiber in 1970. Since that milestone, we have continued to pioneer optical fiber, cable and connectivity solutions. As global demand driven by video usage grows exponentially, telecommunications networks continue to migrate from copper to optical-based systems that can deliver the required cost-effective capacity. Additionally, the rapid acceleration of artificial intelligence (“AI”) is driving strong demand for fiber and connectivity products inside and between data centers. Our experience puts us in a unique position to design and deliver optical solutions that reach every edge of the communications network. The Optical Communications segment is divided into two main product groupings – carrier network and enterprise network. The carrier network group consists primarily of products and solutions for optical-based communications infrastructure for services such as video, data and voice communications. The enterprise network group consists primarily of optical-based communication networks sold to businesses, governments and individuals for their own use. Our carrier network product portfolio encompasses an array of optical fiber products, including Vascade® optical fibers for use in submarine networks; LEAF® optical fiber for long-haul, regional and metropolitan networks; SMF-28® ULL and TXF® fiber for more scalable long-haul and regional networks; SMF-28e+™ single-mode optical fiber providing additional transmission wavelengths in metropolitan and access networks and ClearCurve® ultra-bendable single-mode fiber for use in multiple-dwelling units and fiber-to-the-home applications. For high performance across the range of long-haul, metro, access and fiber-to-the-home network applications, SMF-28® Ultra and SMF-28® Contour fibers deliver industry-leading attenuation, compatibility and improved macrobend performance in one fiber. A portion of our optical fiber is sold directly to end users and third-party cablers globally. Our remaining fiber production is cabled internally and sold to end users as either bulk cable or as part of an integrated optical solution. Our cable products, including the RocketRibbon® and miniXtend® portfolios, support various outdoor, indoor/outdoor and indoor applications and include a broad range of loose tube, ribbon and drop cable designs with flame-retardant versions available for indoor and indoor/outdoor use including 5G networks. 2 Table of Contents In addition to optical fiber and cable, our carrier network product portfolio also includes hardware and equipment products, including cable assemblies, fiber- optic hardware, fiber-optic connectors, optical components and couplers, closures, network interface devices and other accessories. These products may be sold as individual components or as part of integrated optical connectivity solutions designed for various carrier network applications. Examples of these solutions include our Evolv™ platform, which provides pre-connectorized solutions for cost-effectively deploying fiber-to-the-home and 5G networks; and the Centrix platform, which provides a fiber management system with industry-leading density and innovative jumper routing that can be deployed in a wide variety of carrier switching centers. Our enterprise network portfolio leverages optical fiber products, including ClearCurve® ultra-bendable multimode fiber for private and hyperscale data centers and other enterprise network applications. Our hardware and equipment for enterprise network applications include cable assemblies, fiber-optic hardware, fiber-optic connectors, optical components and couplers, closures and other accessories. These products may be sold as individual components or as part of integrated optical connectivity solutions designed for various network applications, including hyperscale data centers. Examples of enterprise network solutions include the EDGE® platform, which provides high-density pre-connectorized cabling solutions for data center applications, supporting a path to speeds of 400G and beyond and Everon™ Network Solutions, which provide next-generation cellular connectivity products for interior spaces of all sizes. We invented new fibers, cables and connectors to capture the generative AI enterprise demand. These components are being adopted by hyperscale data centers and others focusing on key technology vectors such as density, latency and sustainability. Our optical fiber manufacturing facilities are in North Carolina, China, India and Poland. Cabling operations are in North Carolina, Poland and smaller regional locations. Our manufacturing operations for hardware and equipment products are in Texas, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Poland and China. Patent protection is important to the segment’s operations. The segment has an extensive portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. The segment licenses certain of its patents to third parties and generates revenue from these licenses, although the royalty income is not currently material to this segment’s operating results. We are licensed to use certain patents owned by others, which are considered important to the segment’s operations. Refer to the material under the heading “Patents and Trademarks” for more information. The Optical Communications segment represented 32% of Corning’s total segment net sales in 2024. Display Technologies Segment The Display Technologies segment manufactures glass substrates for flat panel displays, including liquid crystal displays (“LCDs”) and organic light-emitting diodes (“OLEDs”) that are used primarily in televisions, notebook computers, desktop monitors, tablets and handheld devices. This segment develops, manufactures and supplies high quality glass substrates using technology expertise and a proprietary fusion manufacturing process, which we invented and is the cornerstone of our technology leadership in the display glass industry. Our highly automated process yields glass substrates with a pristine surface and excellent thermal stability and dimensional uniformity – essential attributes in the production of large, high-performance display panels. Our fusion process is scalable and we believe it is the most cost-effective process for producing large size substrates. We are recognized as a world leader in precision glass innovations that enable our customers to produce larger, thinner, more flexible and higher-resolution displays. Some of the product innovations we have launched over the past ten years utilizing our world-class processes and capabilities include the following: • Corning® EAGLE XG® Slim Glass, Corning’s flagship display glass product enabling thinner televisions and monitors with larger-sized screens; it is trusted by the world’s leading panel makers for LCD displays with more than 30 billion square feet sold; • Corning® Astra® Glass, an innovative glass solution designed to meet the emerging needs for high-resolution displays. This glass has been optimized for oxide thin-film transistor (“TFT”) backplanes, but enables a range of high-resolution applications from the top end of amorphous silicon (“s-Si”) TFT backplanes through low temperature poly-silicon (“LTPS”) backplanes, as well as other applications requiring precision glass; • Corning® Lotus™ NXT Glass, a high-performance display glass designed to withstand the harshest panel manufacturing process enabling highest- resolution displays in smaller and flexible devices; and • The world’s first Gen 10 and Gen 10.5 glass substrate sizes in support of improved efficiency in manufacturing large-sized displays. 3 Table of Contents We have display glass manufacturing operations in China, South Korea and Taiwan, and service our glass customers in all regions, utilizing our manufacturing facilities throughout Asia. Patent protection and proprietary trade secrets are important to the Display Technologies segment’s operations. Refer to the material under the heading “Patents and Trademarks” for more information. The Display Technologies segment represented 27% of Corning’s total segment net sales in 2024. Specialty Materials Segment The Specialty Materials segment manufactures products that provide more than 150 material formulations for glass, glass ceramics and crystals, as well as precision metrology instruments and software to meet requirements for unique customer needs. Consequently, this segment operates in a wide variety of commercial and industrial markets including materials optimized for mobile consumer electronics, semiconductor equipment optics and consumables, aerospace and defense optics, radiation shielding products, sunglasses and telecommunications components. Our highly durable glass, known as Corning® Gorilla® Glass, is a chemically strengthened thin glass designed specifically to function as a cover, or back- enclosure glass, for mobile consumer electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops and smartwatches. Elegant and lightweight, Corning® Gorilla® Glass is durable enough to resist many real-world events that commonly cause wear or scratch damage and glass failure, while providing optical clarity, touch sensitivity and RF transparency, thus enabling exciting new applications in technology and design. In 2022, Corning unveiled its newest glass innovation, Corning® Gorilla® Glass Victus® 2, which delivers improved cover glass drop performance on rough surfaces like concrete, while preserving the scratch resistance of Corning® Gorilla® Glass Victus®. Corning® Gorilla® Glass is manufactured in the United States (“U.S.”), South Korea and Taiwan. We collaborated with Apple to deliver durable glass with infused color for the back of Apple's iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus devices. These devices also feature Ceramic Shield, a highly transparent, color-free glass-ceramic, which offers unparalleled durability and toughness for smartphones. Our semiconductor optics include high-performance optical materials including Corning® HPFS® Fused Silica and Corning® ULE® Ultra-Low Expansion Glass, optical-based metrology instruments and custom optical assemblies for applications in the global semiconductor industry. Additionally, in 2024, we introduced Corning® EXTREME ULE® Glass, a next-generation material that will support chip manufacturers in meeting the rapidly growing demand for advanced and intelligent technologies. Our semiconductor optics products are manufactured in New York. We also manufacture ultra-flat, ultra-thin glass wafers and substrates for a variety of applications including augmented reality, advanced semiconductor packaging, 3D sensing and more. These products are manufactured in New York, France and China. Other specialty glass products include tinted sunglasses and radiation shielding products that are made in France. Patent protection is important to the segment’s operations. The segment has a growing portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. Brand recognition and loyalty, through well-known trademarks, are important to the segment. Refer to the material under the heading “Patents and Trademarks” for more information. The Specialty Materials segment represented 14% of Corning’s total segment net sales in 2024. Environmental Technologies Segment The Environmental Technologies segment manufactures ceramic substrates and filter products for emissions control in mobile applications around the world. In the early 1970s, we developed an economical, high-performance cellular ceramic substrate that is now the standard for catalytic converters in vehicles worldwide. As global emissions control regulations tighten, we have continued to develop more effective and durable ceramic substrate and filter products for gasoline and diesel applications, most recently launching low-mass Corning® FLORA® substrates and Corning® DuraTrap® GC gasoline particulate filters. We manufacture substrate and filter products in New York, Virginia, China and Germany. We sell our ceramic substrate and filter products worldwide to catalyzers and manufacturers of emission control systems who then sell to automotive and diesel vehicle or engine manufacturers. Although most sales are made to the emission control systems manufacturers, the use of our substrates and filters is generally required by the specifications of the automotive and diesel vehicle or engine manufacturers. 4 Table of Contents Patent protection is important to the segment’s operations. The segment has an extensive portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. We are licensed to use certain patents owned by others, which are also considered important to the segment’s operations. Refer to the material under the heading “Patents and Trademarks” for more information. The Environmental Technologies segment represented 12% of Corning’s total segment net sales in 2024. Life Sciences Segment As a leading developer, manufacturer and global supplier of laboratory products for over 105 years, the Life Sciences segment works with researchers and drug manufacturers seeking to drive innovation, increase efficiencies, reduce costs and compress timelines. Using unique expertise in the fields of materials science, polymer surface science, cell culture and cell biology, the segment provides innovative solutions that improve productivity and enable breakthrough research for traditional small molecule, or chemical, drugs, biologics, vaccines and emerging cell and gene therapies. Life Sciences products include consumables, such as plastic vessels, liquid handling plastics, specialty surfaces, cell culture media and serum, as well as general labware, glassware and equipment. These products are used for drug discovery research and development, compound screening, diagnostics, advanced cell culture research, genomics applications and mass production of cells for clinical trials and bioproduction. We sell life sciences products under the Corning®, Falcon®, PYREX® and Axygen® brands. The products are marketed globally, primarily through distributors, to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, contract manufacturing organizations, central testing labs, academic institutions, hospitals, government entities and other facilities. We manufacture these products in California, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Utah, Virginia, China, France, Mexico, Brazil and Poland. Patent protection is important to the segment’s operations. The segment has a growing portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. Brand recognition and loyalty, through well-known trademarks, are important to the segment. Refer to the material under the heading “Patents and Trademarks” for more information. The Life Sciences segment represented 7% of Corning’s total segment net sales in 2024. Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses All other businesses that do not meet the quantitative threshold for separate reporting have been grouped as Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses. This group is primarily comprised of the results of Hemlock Semiconductor Group (“HSG”). HSG is a leading provider of high-purity polysilicon products for the solar power and electronics industries. HSG operates in the solar power market, as polysilicon is needed in the manufacturing process to produce sustainable solar power cell, panels and arrays, and the electronics markets, as polysilicon is used to create fabricated wafers and integrated circuit chips used by leading semiconductor manufacturers. Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses also includes our pharmaceutical technologies business, which produces high-quality pharmaceutical glass tubing and vials to meet the rigorous needs of the pharmaceutical industry; our automotive glass solutions business, which enhances vehicle exteriors and interiors with innovations that enable lightweight, damage-resistant windows and displays; as well as other businesses and certain corporate investments. Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses represented 8% of Corning’s total segment net sales in 2024. Additional explanation regarding Corning and its five reportable segments, as well as financial information about geographic areas, is presented in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 17 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents Competition We compete with many large and varied manufacturers, both domestic and foreign. Some of these competitors are larger than we are, and some have broader product lines. We strive to maintain and improve our market position through technology and product innovation. For the foreseeable future, our competitive advantage lies in our commitment to research and development, deep customer relationships, reliability of supply, product quality, superior customer service and technical specification of our products. There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain or improve our market position or competitive advantage. Optical Communications Segment We maintain a leadership position in the segment’s principal product groups, which include carrier and enterprise networks. The competitive landscape includes industry consolidation, pricing pressure and competition for the innovation of new products. These competitive conditions are likely to persist. Our large-scale manufacturing experience, fiber process, technology leadership and intellectual property provide cost advantages relative to several of our competitors. Our principal competitors include CommScope Holding Company, Inc. and Prysmian Group S.p.A. Display Technologies Segment We are the largest worldwide producer of glass substrates for flat panel displays. The environment for high-performance display glass substrate products is very competitive and we have maintained our competitive advantages by investing in new products, continually improving our proprietary fusion manufacturing process and providing a consistent and reliable supply of high-quality products. Our process allows us to deliver glass that is larger, thinner and lighter, with exceptional surface quality and without heavy metals. Our principal competitors include AGC Inc. and Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. Specialty Materials Segment We have deep capabilities in materials science, optical design, shaping, coating, finishing, metrology and optical system assembly. Our products and capabilities in this segment position us to meet the needs of a broad array of markets, including semiconductor, aerospace, defense, industrial, commercial and telecommunications. Our principal competitors include Schott AG, AGC Inc., Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. and Heraeus. Environmental Technologies Segment We maintain a strong position in the worldwide market for automotive ceramic substrate and filter products, as well as in the heavy-duty and light-duty diesel vehicle markets. Our competitive advantage in automotive ceramic substrate products for catalytic converters and filter products for particulate emissions in exhaust systems is based on an advantaged product portfolio, collaborative engineering design services, customer service and support, strategic global presence and continued product innovation. Our principal competitors include NGK Insulators, Ltd. and Ibiden Co., Ltd. Life Sciences Segment We seek to maintain a competitive advantage by emphasizing product quality, global distribution, supply chain efficiency, a broad product line, technical support and superior product attributes. Our principal competitors include Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Avantor, Inc., Greiner AG, Eppendorf SE, Sarstedt AG & Co. KG and Danaher Corporation. Corning also faces competition from large distributors that have pursued backward integration or introduced private label products. Raw Materials Our manufacturing processes and products require access to uninterrupted power sources, significant quantities of industrial water, certain precious metals and various batch materials. Availability of resources, such as ores, minerals, polymers, lithium, helium and processed chemicals, required in our manufacturing operations appear to be adequate. From time to time, our suppliers may experience capacity limitations in their own operations or may eliminate certain product lines. We have adequate programs to ensure a reliable supply of raw and batch materials, as well as precious metals which are used in our production processes. For many of our materials, we have alternate suppliers that would allow operations to continue without interruption in the event of specific materials shortages. Certain key materials and proprietary equipment used in the manufacturing of products are currently sole-sourced or available only from a limited number of suppliers. To minimize this risk, we closely monitor raw materials and equipment with limited availability or sole-sourced suppliers. However, any future difficulty in obtaining sufficient and timely delivery, or inflationary pricing, of components and/or raw materials could result in lost revenue due to delays or reductions in product shipments, or reductions in gross margin. 6 Table of Contents Patents and Trademarks Inventions by members of our research and engineering staff continue to be important to our growth. Patents have been granted on many of these inventions in the U.S. and other countries. Some of these patents have been licensed to other manufacturers. Many of our earlier patents have now expired, but we continue to seek and obtain patents protecting our innovations. In 2024, we were granted about 490 patents in the U.S. and over 1,240 patents in countries outside the U.S. Each business segment possesses a patent portfolio that provides certain competitive advantages in protecting our innovations. We have historically enforced, and will continue to enforce, our intellectual property rights. At the end of 2024, we owned about 12,000 unexpired patents in various countries, of which about 4,510 were U.S. patents. Between 2025 and 2027, approximately 730, or 6%, of these worldwide patents will expire, while at the same time we intend to seek patents protecting our newer innovations. Worldwide, we have about 5,880 patent applications in process, with about 1,780 in process in the U.S. Our patent portfolio will continue to provide a competitive advantage in protecting our innovation, although our competitors in each of our businesses are actively seeking patent protection as well. While each of our reportable segments has numerous patents in various countries, no one patent is considered material to any segment. Important U.S. issued patents in our reportable segments include the following: • Optical Communications: patents relating to (i) multimode and single mode optical fiber products including low-loss optical fiber, large effective area optical fiber and other high data rate optical fiber, and processes and equipment for manufacturing optical fiber, including methods for making optical fiber preforms and methods for drawing, cooling and winding optical fiber; (ii) optical fiber ribbons and methods for making such ribbon, indoor and outdoor fiber optic cable products and methods for making and installing optical fiber cable; (iii) optical fiber connectors and factory-terminated assemblies, hardware, termination and storage and associated methods of manufacture; and (iv) optical fiber and hybrid fiber-coax wireless communication systems. • Display Technologies: patents relating to glass compositions and methods for the use and manufacture of glass substrates for display applications. • Specialty Materials: patents relating to protective cover glass materials and coatings, ophthalmic glasses and polarizing dyes and semiconductor/microlithography optics and blanks, metrology instrumentation and laser/precision optics, glass polarizers, specialty fiber and refractories. • Environmental Technologies: patents relating to cellular ceramic honeycomb products, together with ceramic batch and binder system compositions, honeycomb extrusion and firing processes, and honeycomb extrusion dies and equipment for the high-volume, low-cost manufacture of such products. • Life Sciences: patents relating to methods and apparatus for the manufacture and use of scientific laboratory equipment including multiwell plates and cell culture products, as well as equipment and processes for cell and gene therapy research. The following table presents the approximate number of patents granted to our reportable segments: Number of patents worldwide U.S. patents Important U.S. patents expiring between 2025 and 2027 Optical Communications 4,652 2,089 25 Display Technologies 1,320 173 12 Specialty Materials 2,426 883 13 Environmental Technologies 847 360 12 Life Sciences 547 161 6 Many of our patents are used in operations or are licensed for use by others, and we are licensed to use patents owned by others. We have entered into cross- licensing arrangements with some major competitors, but the scope of such licenses has been limited to specific product areas or technologies. Our principal trademarks include the following: Axygen, Celcor, ClearCurve, Contour, Corning, DuraTrap, Eagle XG, Edge8, Everon, Evolv, Falcon, Gorilla, HPFS, Leaf, PYREX, RocketRibbon, SMF-28e, Steuben, UniCam, Valor, Velocity, Victus and Viridian. 7 Table of Contents Protection of the Environment We have an extensive program to ensure that our facilities comply with state, federal and foreign pollution-control regulations. This program has resulted in capital and operating expenditures each year. To maintain compliance with such regulations, capital expenditures for pollution control in operations were approximately $10.4 million in 2024 and are estimated to be $14.2 million in 2025. Our 2024 consolidated operating results reflect approximately $64.0 million for depreciation, maintenance, waste disposal and other operating expenses associated with pollution control. Human Capital Management Overview At Corning, we are proud of the life-changing innovations we bring to the world. Our unparalleled expertise in our core technologies along with deep manufacturing and engineering capabilities require a talent strategy focused on attracting and retaining exceptional people, building a culture that enables innovation and collaboration and supporting long and successful careers. Each of our 56,300 full- and part-time employees in 44 countries make an important contribution, whether in one of our manufacturing or processing facilities, research labs, sales offices or other facilities. Approximately 59% of all employees are in production and maintenance roles and more than 60% of all employees are represented by a union, works council or other representative group. Values Corning is guided by an enduring set of Values that defines our relationship with employees, customers and our communities: Quality, Integrity, Performance, Leadership, Innovation, Independence and the Individual. Our Values are the key to our business success, a source of pride and excitement for our employees and the factor that ultimately sets us apart from our competitors. In short, we believe that how we do things is as important as what we do. We measure how we live our Values through our annual “Voice to Action” Workplace Culture Survey. In 2024, we had an 85% response rate with survey participation worldwide. We use the results to pinpoint recurring global themes and develop plans to drive action based on employee feedback. Corning employees all contribute to the success of the Company by Living our Values—all seven, all the time, all around the world. Corning operates around the globe and builds strong, multifaceted teams in which all employees feel included at work. Our efforts are rooted in our Value of the Individual, by which we acknowledge the belief that the commitment and contributions of all of our employees determines our success. The rich diversity of our experiences, thoughts, and who we are as individuals strengthens the impact of our collective achievements. We value the unique ability of each individual to contribute, and we intend that all employees shall have the opportunity to participate fully, to grow professionally, and to develop to their highest potential. Our global workforce is comprised of 60.5% men and 39.5% women. In all regions of the world, we maintain a talent pipeline that includes people of all backgrounds through our effective recruitment process, mentoring and coaching programs, networking opportunities, and proactive career discussions. As a result of these efforts, we have expanded the quality and depth of experience within our leadership teams. Talent Management Each year we formally evaluate the talent implications of our strategic business plans and align our actions and objectives accordingly. As business needs change, we create human capital objectives to ensure we have the right people with the right skills in place to deliver that growth. Corning is committed to attracting and recruiting highly qualified candidates of all backgrounds to sustain our culture of innovation and to stimulate creativity. We have established a strategic talent pipeline by partnering with schools around the world with exceptional strength in the material sciences and other fields relevant to our Company's business, including renowned MBA schools and top engineering and scientific schools. We engage with professional organizations, engineering societies and other industry organizations to connect us with talented candidates from a multitude of backgrounds and disciplines. We offer internships, co-ops, rotational leadership programs and other developmental opportunities to talented candidates. Our recruitment strategy is centered on the belief that when a workforce fosters rich and varied ideas, the overall quality of our solutions is enhanced. 8 Table of Contents It is important to Corning that employees continue to grow and develop. We offer a variety of enterprise and on-demand developmental programs and experiences, targeted to all levels in the organization. We provide on-the-job learning experience, mentoring and career planning to ensure immediate application and lasting impact. Talent retention is an ongoing focus area which aligns with our strategy of encouraging and supporting longer-term careers with Corning. Historically, our salaried voluntary turnover has been consistently lower than the markets in which we compete for talent. Salaried talent retention in 2024 remained strong at 95.7%. At Corning, the health and safety of our workforce is always of paramount consideration. Our safety standards meet, and often exceed, local regulatory standards. Corning continued managing Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”) performance to world class levels with an annual TRIR of just 0.29 in 2024. Globally, we promote employee health and wellbeing through wellness programs which vary by region such as nutrition and fitness-related offerings, smoking cessation programs and smoke free campuses. Corning also promotes healthy behaviors with its employees and has introduced global programs emphasizing mental health and wellness programs. 9 Table of Contents Executive Officers of the Registrant Jaymin Amin Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer Dr. Amin joined Corning in 1997 as a senior research scientist. He held numerous operational roles within Photonics before joining Corning Specialty Materials in 2004. He led product and process development, product engineering and commercial technology for Gorilla Glass and later for Mobile Consumer Electronics. In 2020, Dr. Amin was appointed vice president and general manager, Corning Gorilla Glass, Mobile Consumer Electronics, and in June 2022 he was appointed senior vice president and chief technology officer. Age 56. Stefan Becker Senior Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller Mr. Becker joined Corning in 2000 through Corning’s acquisition of Siemens Communication Cable Division. From 2001 to 2005, he held positions as manager, Planning and Analysis and later director of Finance, Corning Cable Systems. He joined the Display Technologies division in 2005 as U.S. Controller. In 2007 he was appointed CFO, Corning Display Technologies Taiwan. In 2009 he was named director of Finance, Corning Display Technologies (“CDT”) and in 2010 was appointed division controller, CDT. Between 2012 and 2015, he served as international division vice president, Finance, Corning Glass Technologies. Mr. Becker was appointed Corning’s operations controller in 2015 and senior vice president in 2019. In 2021 he was appointed senior vice president, Finance, and corporate controller and in February 2022 he was named principal accounting officer. Age 53. Li Fang Senior Vice President, Corning International and New Business Development, Solar Mr. Fang joined Corning International in 1997 as business development manager, China. In 1999 he transferred to the Environmental Products Division and became production manager of Corning Environmental Technologies’ (“CET”) China Plant - Corning (Shanghai) Company Ltd. In July 2004, he was appointed operations manager and in October 2004 he was appointed director of operations and plant manager of Corning (Shanghai) Company Ltd. In 2007, Mr. Fang was appointed vice president, Corning Display Technologies China, and director of commercial operations, government affairs and supply chain. In 2009 he was named president, Corning Display Technologies China. From 2012-2021 Mr. Fang served as president and general manager of Corning Greater China. In 2021 he was appointed as president and general manager, International, Corning Incorporated and in 2023 he was appointed senior vice president, Corning International and new business development, Solar. Age 62. Jordana D. Kammerud Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer Ms. Kammerud joined Corning in 2023 with more than 20 years of experience leading progressive HR functions and has deep expertise in people, technology, and change on a global scale and across multiple industries. Prior to joining Corning, she served as executive vice president and chief human resources officer at Claire’s, where she was responsible for global human resources, as well as corporate strategy, and enterprise transformation management. Additionally, she led numerous technology, capability, and culture investments. Prior to that role, Ms. Kammerud served as senior vice president, chief human resources officer, at Core-Mark. She has also held human resources leadership positions with SC Johnson, American Express, and DaimlerChrysler. Age 48. Eric S. Musser President and Chief Operating Officer Mr. Musser joined Corning in 1986 and served in a variety of manufacturing and general management roles in Corning’s Optical Communications businesses. In 2005, he was named vice president and general manager of Optical Fiber. Mr. Musser served as general manager, Corning Greater China from 2007 to 2012 and president of Corning International from 2012 to 2014. In 2014, he was appointed executive vice president, Corning Technologies and International. In 2020, he was appointed president & chief operating officer. Age 65. Avery H. Nelson III Senior Vice President and General Manager, Automotive, Life Sciences & Solar Mr. Nelson joined Corning in 1991 as shift supervisor at the Harrodsburg, Kentucky plant and subsequently served in progressive roles in Corning Display Technologies. In 2007, he joined CET as general manager, Corning (Shanghai) Company Limited. In 2009, he became general manager and regional director of China and India, CET. In 2010 he returned to the U.S. as program director, CET. In 2011, he assumed the role of business director, AAA Corning® Gorilla® Glass, New Business Development. Later that year, he was appointed division vice president, Heavy Duty Diesel. In 2014, Mr. Nelson was appointed vice president and general manager for CET and was named senior vice president and general manager, CET, in 2018. In 2020 he was appointed senior vice president and general manager, Automotive. His role was expanded in 2023 to include development of new business opportunities in solar markets. He was appointed senior vice president and general manager, Automotive, Life Sciences & Solar in 2024. Age 56. Michael P. O’Day Senior Vice President & General Manager Optical Communications Mr. O’Day joined Corning in 1998 with Siecor, which later became Corning Cable Systems (“CCS”). He worked in both the Strategy and Marketing organizations for CCS through 2003. From 2004 to 2010 he served in CCS’s Optical Connectivity Product Line Management organization. In 2010 Mr. O’Day was appointed program manager for Corning’s IDAS Wireless Program. In 2017 he became the head of Product Line Management for Optical Connectivity Solutions. Prior to his current role, Mr. O’Day served as vice president of Corning Optical Communications (“COC”) Technology and Program Management Office. He was appointed senior vice president & general manager, Optical Communications in 2024. Age 55. 10 Table of Contents Edward A. Schlesinger Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Mr. Schlesinger joined Corning in 2013 as senior vice president and chief financial officer of Corning Optical Communications. He was appointed vice president and corporate controller in September 2015 and principal accounting officer in December 2015. He was named senior vice president in 2019. In 2022, he was appointed executive vice president and chief financial officer. Prior to joining Corning, Mr. Schlesinger served in various finance leadership roles with American Standard and Ingersoll Rand. Age 57. Soumya Seetharam Senior Vice President and Chief Digital & Information Officer Ms. Seetharam joined Corning in November 2022 as senior vice president and chief digital & information officer. Prior to joining Corning, she was vice president and general manager of Information Technology at Intel Corporation driving information technology (“IT”) vision and strategy for Corporate Functions. She also served as chief systems officer at Anadarko Petroleum Corporation. Ms. Seetharam brings deep experience in information technology, digital and systems transformation and risk governance to Corning. Age 49. Lewis A. Steverson Executive Vice President and Chief Legal & Administrative Officer Mr. Steverson joined Corning in 2013 as senior vice president and general counsel. In 2018 he was named executive vice president and general counsel. He was appointed chief legal & administrative officer in 2020. Prior to joining Corning, Mr. Steverson served as senior vice president, general counsel, and corporate secretary of Motorola Solutions, Inc. During his 18 years with Motorola, he held a variety of law leadership roles across the company’s numerous business units. Prior to Motorola, Mr. Steverson was in private practice at the law firm of Arnold & Porter. Age 61. Michaune D. Tillman Senior Vice President and General Counsel Ms. Tillman joined Corning in 2024 with more than 25 years of domestic and international experience as an attorney and trusted advisor. Prior to joining Corning, she served as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Worthington Steel, Inc. She also previously served as General Counsel at Worthington Steel Processing and Worthington Armstrong Venture (“WAVE”). Across these roles, Ms. Tillman led corporate governance matters, litigation, commercial transactions, regulatory, antitrust, environmental health and safety, cyber security, data privacy, import/export, labor and employment, intellectual property and compliance. Prior to WAVE, she served in executive leadership roles at Ricoh Americas Corporation including deputy general counsel and as employment and commercial litigation counsel at IKON Office Solutions. Age 53. Ronald L. Verkleeren Senior Vice President, Emerging Innovations Group Mr. Verkleeren joined Corning in 2001 in the Optical Communications segment. He joined the Life Sciences segment in 2004 and has held a variety of progressive roles in that segment. In 2010, he was named division vice president and director of Advanced Life Sciences. In 2012 he was named division vice president and program director for Corning Pharmaceutical Technologies. In 2015, Mr. Verkleeren became vice president and general manager of the Pharmaceutical Technologies division. In 2020 he was appointed senior vice president & general manager, Life Sciences Technologies. He was appointed senior vice president, Emerging Innovations Group in 2024. Age 54. Wendell P. Weeks Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Mr. Weeks joined Corning in 1983 in the finance group. He has held a variety of financial, business development, commercial and general management roles. He was named vice president and general manager of the Optical Fiber business in 1996 and president of Corning’s Optical Communications division in 2001. He became Corning’s president and chief operating officer in 2002. Mr. Weeks has been a member of Corning’s Board of Directors since December 2000. He was named chief executive officer in 2005 and chairman of the board in 2007. Mr. Weeks is a director of Amazon.com, Inc. Age 65. John Z. Zhang Senior Vice President and General Manager, Corning Glass Innovations & Corning Asia Mr. Zhang joined Corning in 2008 and has held a variety of progressive roles in Strategy, Mergers & Acquisitions, and Business Development. In 2010, he further expanded his role, leading the Strategy & Corporate Development organization of Corning International. In 2014, he was named deputy general manager, Corning Display Technologies. In 2020, Mr. Zhang was appointed senior vice president and general manager, Corning Display and was appointed as senior vice president and general manager, Display & Corning Asia in 2023. He was appointed senior vice president and general manager, Corning Glass Innovations & Corning Asia in 2024. Age 52. 11 Table of Contents Document Availability A copy of Corning’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) is available upon written request to Corporate Secretary, Corning Incorporated, One Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY 14831. The Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and other filings are available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed or furnished to the SEC, and can be accessed electronically free of charge at www.SEC.gov, or through the Investor Relations page on Corning’s website at www.corning.com. The information contained on the Company’s website is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other Additional information in response to Item 1 is found in Note 17 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 12 Table of Contents Item 1A. Risk Factors We operate globally in a rapidly changing economic, political and technological environment that presents numerous risks. Our operations and financial results are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those described below, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, our ability to successfully execute our strategy and the trading price of our common stock or debt. The following discussion identifies the most significant factors that may adversely affect the Company. This information should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) and the consolidated financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference into this report. The following discussion of risks is not all inclusive but is designed to highlight what we believe are important factors to consider, as these factors could cause our future results to differ from those in our forward-looking statements and from historical trends. Risks Related to Our Business Inflationary price pressures and uncertain availability of commodities, raw materials, utilities, labor or other inputs used by us and our suppliers, or instability in logistics and related costs, among other factors, could negatively impact our profitability Increases in the price of commodities, raw materials, utilities, labor or other inputs that we or our suppliers use in manufacturing and supplying products, components and parts, along with logistics and other related costs, may lead to higher production and shipping costs for our products, parts and components. Further, increasing global demand for, and uncertain supply of, such materials could disrupt our or our suppliers’ ability to obtain such materials in a timely manner to meet our supply needs and/or could lead to increased costs. Any increase in the cost of inputs to our production could lead to higher costs for our products and could negatively impact our operating results, future profitability and ability to successfully deliver on our strategy. Increasing our prices to our customers may cause certain of our customers to push out, cancel or refrain from purchasing our products, which could materially adversely impact demand for our products, and thereby also negatively impact our operating results, future profitability and ability to successfully deliver on our strategy. Factors such as supply chain disruptions, manufacturing interruptions or delays, or the failure to accurately forecast customer demand, could affect our ability to meet customer demand, lead to higher costs, or result in excess or obsolete inventory; if we are unable to obtain the necessary equipment, raw and batch materials, natural resources, utilities and other essentials required in our products or processes, our business will be negatively impacted Corning’s business relies on the timely supply of raw materials, precious metals, natural resources or utilities including energy and industrial water, equipment, parts and components, services and related products to meet the changing technical and volume requirements of its customers, which depends in part on the timely delivery of materials, equipment and services, from suppliers and contract manufacturers. Significant or sudden increases in demand for such materials, equipment and services, as well as delays in and unpredictability of shipments due to transportation interruptions, have resulted in, and may continue to result in, a shortage of materials, equipment and services needed to manufacture Corning’s products. Such shortages have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, our suppliers’ ability to meet our demand requirements and Corning’s manufacturing operations and its ability to meet customer demand. Some key materials, equipment and services are subject to long lead-times or are available only from a single supplier or limited group of suppliers and we may not be able to find alternate sources in a timely manner. Volatility of demand for manufacturing equipment can increase capital, technical, operational and other risks for Corning and for companies throughout our supply chain, and may cause some suppliers to exit businesses, scale back or cease operations, which could impact our ability to meet customer demand and could have a material adverse effect on our business. Corning may also experience significant interruptions of its manufacturing operations, delays in its ability to deliver products or services, increased costs or customer order cancellations as a result of: • The failure or inability to accurately forecast demand and obtain sufficient quantities of materials, equipment and services on a cost-effective basis; • Volatility in the availability and cost of materials, equipment and services, including rising prices due to inflation or scarcity of availability; • Difficulties or delays in obtaining required import or export approvals; • Shipment delays due to transportation interruptions, labor strife or capacity constraints; • A worldwide shortage of semiconductor components or other issues; • Information technology or infrastructure failures, including those of a third-party supplier or service provider; and • Natural disasters, the impacts of climate change, or other events beyond Corning’s control (such as earthquakes, utility interruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes, typhoons, floods, storms or extreme weather conditions, fires, regional economic downturns, regional or global health crisis events, geopolitical turmoil, increased trade restrictions between the U.S. and China and other countries, social unrest, political instability, terrorism, or acts of war) in locations where it or its customers or suppliers have manufacturing, research, engineering or other operations. 13 Table of Contents Health crisis events, such as epidemics or pandemics, have adversely impacted, and may continue to impact, the economy and disrupt our operations and supply chains, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations Health crisis events, including epidemics or pandemics, such as COVID-19, have impacted and may further impact the economy and could have additional impacts on economic growth, supply chains, the proper functioning of financial and capital markets, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in authorities around the world implementing numerous unprecedented measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders, vaccine mandates and facility shutdowns. These measures have impacted our workforce, operations and supply chains, and those of our customers, contract manufacturers and suppliers, and may continue to have an impact particularly in the event of another significant global health crisis. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the duration, scope and severity of a health crisis event and the impacts on our business and the economy from the effects of such an event and response measures. Corning’s Display Technologies segment generates a significant amount of the Company’s profits and cash flow; any significant decrease in display glass pricing, volume or market share could have a material and negative impact on our financial results Corning’s ability to generate profits and operating cash flow could be significantly impacted by the profitability of our display glass business, which is subject to pricing pressure, exchange rate movements, industry competition, potential over-capacity, development of new technologies and operational and regulatory risks. If we are not able to achieve proportionate reductions in costs and/or increases in volume or price to offset the aforementioned factors, it could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. Because we have a concentrated customer base, future sales and cash flows could be negatively impacted by the actions or loss of one or more key customers A relatively small number of end customers account for a high percentage of our net sales in each of our business segments. This concentration subjects us to a variety of risks including: • The loss or insolvency of one or more of our key customers, could result in a substantial loss of sales and reduction in anticipated cash flows; • Customers may possess substantial leverage in negotiating contractual obligations, including liability provisions; and • Mergers and consolidations between customers could result in further concentration of the customer base. The following table details the number of combined customers of our reportable segments that accounted for a large percentage of segment net sales, not adjusted for constant currency: Number of combined end customers % of total segment net sales in 2024 Optical Communications 2 27 % Display Technologies 4 67 % Specialty Materials 2 43 % Environmental Technologies 3 71 % Life Sciences 2 42 % Events outside of Corning’s control, or those of our contract manufacturers, could cause a disruption to our manufacturing operations and our ability to serve our customers, resulting in a negative impact to Corning’s net sales, net income, asset values and liquidity Disruption to our manufacturing operations, or those of our contract manufacturers, could significantly impact Corning’s ability to supply its customers and could produce a near-term severe impact on our individual business units and the Company. Given the geographical concentration of certain of the Company’s and our contract manufacturers’ plants in Asia Pacific, the highly engineered nature of the facilities and the globally dispersed talent required to run these facilities, any event that adversely affects or restricts movement into or out of a specific geographic area where we, our contract manufacturers, suppliers, or customers have a presence, could adversely impact our results. Due to the specialized nature of our products and single-site manufacturing locations, in the event such a location experiences disruption, it may not be possible to find replacement capacity or substitute production from other facilities. 14 Table of Contents We may experience difficulties in enforcing our intellectual property rights, which could result in loss of market share and decreased sales and profits, and we may be subject to claims of infringement of the intellectual property rights of others We rely on patent and trade secret laws, copyright, trademark, confidentiality procedures, controls and contractual commitments to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts, these protections may be limited and we may encounter difficulties in protecting our intellectual property rights or obtaining rights to additional intellectual property necessary to permit us to continue or expand our businesses. We cannot provide assurance that the patents we hold or may obtain will provide meaningful protection against our competitors. Changes in or enforcement of laws concerning intellectual property may affect our ability to prevent or address the misappropriation of, or the unauthorized use of, our intellectual property, potentially resulting in loss of market share. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Litigation is inherently uncertain and outcomes are unpredictable. If we cannot protect our intellectual property rights against unauthorized copying or use, or other misappropriation, we may not remain competitive. The intellectual property rights of others could inhibit our ability to introduce new products. Other companies hold patents on technologies used in our industries and are aggressively seeking to expand, enforce and license their patent portfolios. We periodically receive notices from, or have lawsuits filed against us, by third parties claiming infringement, misappropriation or other misuse of their intellectual property rights and/or breach of our agreements with them. These third parties often include entities that do not have the capabilities to design, manufacture, or distribute products or entities that acquire intellectual property, including patents, for the sole purpose of monetizing their acquired intellectual property through asserting claims of infringement and misuse. Such claims of infringement or misappropriation may result in loss of revenue, substantial costs, or lead to monetary damages or injunctive relief against us. Information technology dependency and cybersecurity vulnerabilities could lead to reduced revenue, liability claims, competitive or reputational harm, and result in material adverse effects on our operations and financial results The Company is dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure (“IT systems”) owned and operated by the Company or managed by third- party service providers, suppliers and contract manufacturers. IT systems enable us to conduct, monitor and/or protect our business, operations, systems, data and other assets. In the ordinary course of our business, we and our providers collect, process, transmit and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, as well as personally identifiable information. Intrusion into a supplier or contract manufacturer system not integrated with a Corning IT system could result in service disruption and/or loss of financial control. Our IT systems, and those of our providers, may be vulnerable to compromise or disruption due to human error or malfeasance, outdated applications, computer viruses or malware (e.g., ransomware), natural disasters, unauthorized access, cyber-attacks and other similar incidents and disruptions. Inadequate account security or organizational security practices may also result in unauthorized access. Increased work-from-home, at both the Company and our providers, presents additional operational risk. Companies that provide utilities, water, transportation, natural gas and other resources and services across our supply chain, are critical to our manufacturing operations and are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. From time to time, both we and certain of our providers, have been subject to cyberattacks and security incidents. Our security processes and initiatives may not be capable of anticipating, detecting, preventing or remediating all attacks, particularly as attackers are becoming more sophisticated in their ability to circumvent controls and remove forensic evidence. The rapid development and increasing adoption of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, may further complicate our ability to anticipate and implement effective protective measures against cyber events. Any significant disruption, breakdown, intrusion, interruption or corruption, data breach, or compromise to the accessibility, security or integrity of our or our providers’ IT systems, or the misappropriation or disclosure of any confidential, proprietary or personally identifiable information, could result in the loss of data or intellectual property, equipment or systems damage, downtime, safety related issues and could have a material adverse effect on our business, including by harming our competitive position and reputation, disrupting our manufacturing, reducing the value of our investment in research and development and other strategic initiatives, impairing our ability to access suppliers, contract manufacturers, customers and cloud-based services, subjecting us to litigation or regulatory investigations or fines, increasing the costs of compliance and remediation, or otherwise adversely affecting our business. We may be required to invest significant additional resources to comply with evolving cybersecurity regulations and to modify and enhance our IT systems, information security and controls, and to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities. Any losses, costs or liabilities may not be covered by, or may exceed the coverage limits of, any, or all, of our applicable insurance policies. We may not earn a positive return from our research, development and engineering investments Developing our products through our innovation model of research and development is costly and often involves a long investment cycle. We make significant investments in research, development and engineering that may not earn an economic return. If our investments do not provide a pipeline of products or technologies that our customers demand or lower our manufacturing costs, or if our products or technologies become obsolete or disrupted by emerging technologies, it could negatively impact our revenue and operating margins for both near- and long-term. 15 Table of Contents Our innovation model depends on our ability to attract and retain specialized expertise Our innovation model requires us to employ highly specialized experts in glass science, ceramic science and optical physics to conduct our research and development and engineer our products and design our manufacturing facilities. The loss of the services of any member of our key research and development or engineering team without adequate replacement, or the inability to attract new qualified personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance. We are subject to strict environmental regulations and regulatory changes that could result in fines or restrictions that interrupt our operations Some of our manufacturing processes generate chemical waste, wastewater, other industrial waste or greenhouse gases, and we are subject to numerous laws and regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of such substances. We have installed anti-pollution equipment for the treatment of chemical waste and wastewater at our facilities. We have taken steps to control and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases created by our manufacturing operations. However, we cannot provide assurance that environmental claims will not be brought against us or that government regulators will not take steps to adopt more stringent environmental standards. Any failure on our part to comply with any present or future environmental regulations could result in the assessment of damages or imposition of fines against us, or the suspension/cessation of production or operations. In addition, environmental regulations could require us to acquire costly equipment, incur other significant compliance expenses or limit or restrict production or operations and thus materially and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. Changes in regulations and the regulatory environment in the U.S. and the many other countries in which we operate, such as those resulting from the regulation and impact of climate change, CO abatement and emission reduction targets, may affect our businesses and results in adverse ways by, among other things, substantially increasing manufacturing costs, limiting availability of scarce resources, especially energy, or requiring limitations on production or sales of our products or those of our customers. General Risk Factors We may have additional tax liabilities We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and many foreign jurisdictions and are commonly audited by various tax authorities. There are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax treatment is uncertain. Judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax, assessments, audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals, or result in the forfeiture of funds deposited with the relevant government authorities. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on our financial statements in the period or periods for which such a determination is made. The U.S., other countries and international organizations, such as Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, may change their laws or issue new international tax standards that may also impact our taxes. As a global company, we face many risks which could adversely impact our operations and financial results We are a global company and derive a substantial portion of our revenue from, and have significant operations, outside of the U.S. Our international operations include manufacturing, assembly, sales, research and development, customer support and shared administrative service centers. Additionally, we rely on a global supply chain for key components and capabilities that are central to our ability to invent, make and sell products. Compliance with multiple legal and regulatory requirements increases our costs. We are subject to both U.S. laws and the local laws where we operate which, among other things, include data privacy requirements, employment and labor laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, prohibitions on payments to governmental officials, import and trade restrictions and export requirements. Non-compliance or violations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or employees, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Such violations could result in prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries and could also materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our businesses and operating results. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate and manage these risks. 2 16 Table of Contents Corning is exposed to risks associated with a global economy, including government fiscal and monetary policies Uncertain or adverse economic and business conditions, including uncertainties and volatility in the financial markets, national debt, fiscal or monetary concerns, availability of government incentives, inflation and rising interest rates in various regions, could materially adversely impact Corning’s operating results. Markets for our products depend largely on business and consumer spending and demand for network capacity, electronics and automotive products. Uncertain or adverse economic and recessionary business conditions, among other factors, that could result in decreases in consumer spending and demand, or cause us to pass on increased costs to our customers, may cause certain of our customers to push out, cancel or refrain from purchasing our products, which could materially adversely impact demand for our products and our operating results. Similarly, changes that result in sudden increases in consumer demand for electronic products have resulted in, and may continue to result in, a shortage of parts and materials needed to manufacture our products or the products in which our products are used. Such shortages, as well as shipment delays due to transportation interruptions, have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, our ability to meet our demand requirements. Uncertain economic and industry conditions also make it more challenging for Corning to forecast its operating results, make business decisions and identify and prioritize the risks that may affect its businesses, sources and uses of cash, financial condition and results of operations. If Corning does not appropriately manage its business operations in response to changing economic and industry conditions, it could have a significant negative impact on its business performance and financial condition. Even during periods of economic uncertainty or lower revenues, Corning must continue to invest in research and development and maintain a global business infrastructure to compete effectively and support its customers, which can have a negative impact on its operating margins and earnings. We are also subject to a variety of other risks in managing a global organization, including those related to: • The economic and political conditions in each country or region and relationships among countries; • Complex regulatory requirements affecting international trade and investment, including anti-dumping laws, export controls, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and local laws prohibiting improper payments. Our operations may be adversely affected by changes in the substance or enforcement of these regulatory requirements, and by actual or alleged violations of them; • Fluctuations in currency exchange rates, convertibility of currencies and restrictions involving the movement of funds between jurisdictions and countries; • Governmental protectionist policies and sovereign and political risks that may adversely affect Corning’s profitability and assets; • Adverse changes relating to government grants, tax credits or other government incentives; • Tariffs, trade duties and other trade barriers including anti-dumping and countervailing duties; • Geographical concentration of our factories and operations, and regional shifts in our customer base; • Health crisis events, including epidemic or pandemic concerns; • Political unrest, geopolitical tensions, confiscation or expropriation of assets by foreign governments, terrorism and the potential for other hostilities; • Difficulty in protecting intellectual property, sensitive commercial and operations data and information technology systems; • Differing legal systems, including protection and treatment of intellectual property and patents; • Complex, changing or competing tax regimes; • Difficulty in collecting obligations owed to us; • Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, tsunamis and windstorms; and • Potential loss of utilities or other disruptions affecting manufacturing. We have significant exposure to foreign currency movements A large portion of our sales, profit and cash flows are transacted in non-U.S. dollar currencies, primarily the Japanese yen, South Korean won, New Taiwan dollar, Mexican peso, Chinese yuan and euro. The Company expects to continue to experience fluctuations in the U.S. dollar value of these activities if it is not possible, cost-effective or should we not elect to hedge certain currency exposure. Additionally, gains or losses may be experienced if the underlying exposure which has been hedged increases or decreases significantly. The ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to currency fluctuations will generally depend on the size and type of cross-currency exposure that we have, the changes in exchange rates associated with those exposures, whether we have entered into foreign currency contracts to offset these exposures and other factors. These factors could materially impact our results of operations, anticipated future results, financial position and cash flows. 17 Table of Contents We may have significant exposure to counterparties of our related derivatives portfolio We maintain a significant portfolio of over-the-counter derivatives to hedge our projected currency exposure. We are exposed to potential losses in the event of non-performance by our counterparties to these derivative contracts. Any failure of a counterparty to pay on such a contract when due could materially impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Current or future litigation or regulatory investigations may harm our financial condition or results of operations As a global technology and manufacturing company, we are engaged in various litigation and regulatory matters. Litigation and regulatory proceedings may be uncertain, and adverse rulings could occur, resulting in significant liabilities, penalties or damages. Any such substantial legal liability or regulatory action could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and reputation. Our business is subject to various governmental regulations, and compliance with these regulations may cause us to incur significant expense. If we fail to maintain compliance with applicable regulations, we may be forced to cease the manufacture and distribution of certain products, and we could be subject to administrative proceedings and civil or criminal penalties Our products and operations are also subject to regulation by U.S. and non‐U.S. regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Federal Trade Commission. From time to time, we may also be involved or required to participate in regulatory investigations or inquiries, into certain of our contracting and business practices, which may evolve into legal or other administrative proceedings. Growing public concern over concentration of economic power in corporations is likely to result in increased anti‐competition legislation, regulation, administrative rule making and enforcement activity. Involvement in regulatory investigations or inquiries, can be costly, lengthy, complex and time consuming, diverting the attention and energies of our management and technical personnel. If any pending or future governmental investigations result in an unfavorable resolution, we could be required to cease the manufacture and sale of the subject products or technology, pay fines or disgorge profits or other payments and/or cease certain conduct and/or modify our contracting or business practices, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may be obligated to indemnify our current or former directors or employees, or former directors or employees of companies that we have acquired, in connection with regulatory investigations. These liabilities could be substantial and may include, among other things, the cost of government, law enforcement or regulatory investigations and civil or criminal fines and penalties. Our global operations are subject to extensive trade and anti-corruption laws and regulations Due to the international scope of our operations, we are subject to a complex system of import- and export-related laws and regulations, including U.S. regulations issued by Customs and Border Protection, the Bureau of Industry and Security, the Office of Anti-boycott Compliance, the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls and the Office of Foreign Assets Control, as well as the counterparts of these agencies in other countries. Any alleged or actual violation by an employee or the Company may subject us to government scrutiny, investigation and civil and criminal penalties, and may limit our ability to import or export our products or to provide services outside the U.S. We cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our operations might be subject to, based on the way existing laws might be administered or interpreted. In addition, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar foreign anti-corruption laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments or providing anything of value to improperly influence foreign government officials to obtain or retain business or obtain an unfair advantage. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in the global enforcement of anti-corruption laws. Our continued operation and expansion outside the U.S., including in developing countries, could increase the risk of alleged violations. Violations of these laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, could disrupt our business, and result in an adverse effect on our reputation, business and results of operations or financial condition. Moreover, several of our key customers are domiciled in areas of the world with laws, rules and business practices that may notably differ from those in the U.S., and we face the reputational and legal risk that our related partners may violate applicable laws, rules and business practices. 18 Table of Contents International trade policies may negatively impact our ability to sell and manufacture our products outside of the U.S. Government policies on international trade and investment such as import quotas, tariffs and capital controls, whether adopted by individual governments or addressed by regional trade blocs, can affect the demand for our products and services, impact the competitive position of our products or prevent us, our equity affiliates or joint ventures, from being able to sell and manufacture products in certain countries. The implementation of more restrictive trade policies, such as higher tariffs or new barriers to entry, together with anti-dumping claims, duties, slowed regulatory approvals and other restrictions, in countries in which we import raw materials and components or sell large quantities of products and services could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, a country’s adoption of nationalistic policies or retaliation by another government against such policies could have a negative impact on our results of operations. Further, these actions in conjunction with any trade tensions may restrict us from participating in a specific market or may prevent us from competing effectively. 19 Table of Contents Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 1C. Cybersecurity Cybersecurity Risk Management We developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical information technology (“IT”) systems and information. Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, incident reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational and financial risk areas. We designed and continue to assess our cybersecurity program based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (“NIST CSF”), which we use as a guide to help us identify, prioritize and manage the cybersecurity risks that could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a cybersecurity incident response plan (“CIRP”). Corning’s CIRP provides the Company with the capability for responding, reporting and remediating cybersecurity incidents. It has been established to reduce or minimize the impact of cybersecurity incidents on the Company’s networks, IT systems, users or business processes. Corning’s Cyber Security Incident Response Team, led by the Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), handles the response process for all cybersecurity incidents and Corning’s Corporate Crisis Response Team (“CCRT”) is mobilized and involved in any significant incidents. Our cybersecurity risk management program also includes: • a continuous vulnerability management process to monitor and identify threats in our environment, including our IT networks and legacy systems, that could potentially have a materially adverse impact on our critical systems, information and broader enterprise IT environment; • the use of reputable cybersecurity consultants and other third-party experts to enhance our cybersecurity posture, assist us in evaluating risks, conduct security assessments and provide guidance so the Company can maintain a posture of continual enhancement of our cybersecurity management and strategy; • cybersecurity awareness training for our employees, incident response personnel and senior management; and • a risk management process for critical third-party service providers, suppliers and vendors that includes due diligence in selection and periodic monitoring to ensure that they adhere to applicable cybersecurity standards. Cybersecurity Governance Corning’s Board of Directors (“Board”) plays a role in overseeing risks associated with cybersecurity threats. In particular, the IT Committee of the Board is responsible for cybersecurity governance and has information security oversight as a key component of its charter. In all meetings, the IT Committee reviews the Company’s cybersecurity posture as well as significant cybersecurity events. Corning’s Chief Digital and Information Officer (“CDIO”), in combination with Corning’s CISO, briefs the IT Committee on cybersecurity activities and long-term cybersecurity strategies, as well as general cybersecurity trends that could have a material impact on the Company. On an annual basis, the CISO provides a cybersecurity update to the Board to review significant cybersecurity risks and their impact, if any, on internal controls. At any time, Board members may raise concerns regarding the Company’s cybersecurity posture and recommend future changes to controls or procedures. Should a cybersecurity incident rise to the level of a corporate crisis, consistent with the Company’s CCRT escalation protocols, the Board would be engaged. Our CDIO and our CISO lead our management team in assessing and managing our response to cybersecurity threats and incidents. Our CDIO and CISO together have over 50 years of combined experience in information technology, digital and systems transformation, cybersecurity and related risk management and governance. This team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants, and works with all divisional, manufacturing and functional teams within Corning on cybersecurity issues. The team’s efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents are enhanced by briefings from internal security personnel, by receipt of threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us, periodic assessments against the NIST CSF and through alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in our IT environment. While Corning has had to address various cybersecurity threats in the ordinary course of its business, we have not identified risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. 20 Table of Contents Item 2. Properties We operate 124 manufacturing plants and processing facilities in 15 countries, of which approximately 32% are in the U.S. We own approximately 55% of our executive and corporate buildings, with 93% located in and around Corning, New York. We also own approximately 61% of our sales and administrative office square footage, 80% of our research and development square footage, 58% of our manufacturing square footage and 8% of our warehousing square footage. Manufacturing, sales and administrative, research and development facilities and warehouse facilities have an aggregate floor space of approximately 54.2 million square feet. The following table presents the distribution of this total area: (million square feet) Total Domestic Foreign Manufacturing 46.4 12.2 34.2 Sales and administrative 2.5 1.9 0.6 Research and development 2.1 1.9 0.2 Warehouse 3.2 2.5 0.7 Total 54.2 18.5 35.7 Total assets and capital expenditures by reportable segment are included in Note 17 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Information concerning lease commitments is included in Note 5 (Leases) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Item 3. Legal Proceedings Corning is a defendant in various lawsuits and is subject to various claims that arise in the normal course of business, the most significant of which are summarized in Note 12 (Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the likelihood that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, liquidity, or results of operations, is remote. Environmental Litigation Corning has been designated by federal or state governments under environmental laws, including Superfund, as a potentially responsible party that may be liable for cleanup costs associated with 20 hazardous waste sites. It is Corning’s policy to accrue for its estimated liability related to such hazardous waste sites and other environmental liabilities related to property owned by Corning based on expert analysis and continual monitoring by both internal and external consultants. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Corning had accrued approximately $78 million and $88 million, respectively, for the estimated undiscounted liability for environmental cleanup and related litigation. Based upon the information developed to date, management believes that the accrued reserve is a reasonable estimate of the Company’s liability. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure Not applicable. 21 Table of Contents PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (a) Corning Incorporated common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In addition, it is traded on the Boston, Midwest and Philadelphia stock exchanges. Common stock options are traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange. The NYSE ticker symbol for Corning Incorporated is “GLW”. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 10,500 registered holders of common stock and approximately 861,000 beneficial shareholders. Information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included herein under Item 12. Performance Graph The following graph illustrates the cumulative total shareholder return over the last five years of Corning’s common stock compared with the cumulative total return of companies on the Standard & Poor's (“S&P’s”) 500 Stock Index and the S&P Communications Equipment companies. This graph assumes the investment of $100 on December 31, 2019 and the reinvestment of all dividends since that date. 22 Table of Contents (b) Not applicable. (c) The following table provides information about purchases of common stock during the fourth quarter of 2024: Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Execution date Total number of shares purchased Average price paid per share Number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs Approximate dollar value of shares that may be purchased under the publicly announced programs October 1-31, 2024 89,530 $ 44.70 November 1-30, 2024 4,670 $ 48.33 December 1-31, 2024 675,228 $ 48.39 619,867 Total 769,428 $ 47.96 619,867 $ 3,135,661,048 (1) This column reflects: (iii) 105,281 shares of common stock related to the vesting of employee restricted stock; (i) 43,982 shares of common stock related to the vesting of employee restricted stock units; (ii) 298 shares of common stock related to the vesting of employee performance stock units; and (v) the purchase of 619,867 shares of common stock under the 2019 Repurchase Program. (2) Represents the stock price at the time of surrender and includes costs associated with the repurchase. Item 6. [Reserved] (1) (2) 23 Table of Contents Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) was prepared to provide a historical and prospective narrative on our financial condition and results of operations through the eyes of management and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to those financial statements. The discussion and analysis of the 2023 to 2022 year-over-year changes are not included herein and can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our MD&A is organized as follows: • Overview • Results of Operations • Segment Analysis • Core Performance Measures • Liquidity and Capital Resources • Environment • Critical Accounting Estimates • New Accounting Standards • Forward-Looking Statements OVERVIEW Corning is vital to progress – in the industries we help advance and in the world we share. For more than 170 years, Corning has combined its unparalleled expertise in glass science, ceramic science and optical physics with deep manufacturing and engineering capabilities to develop category-defining products that transform industries and enhance people’s lives. Our materials science and manufacturing expertise, boundless curiosity and commitment to purposeful invention place us at the center of the way the world works, learns and lives. In addition, our sustained investment in research, development and engineering capabilities means we are always ready to solve the toughest challenges – alongside our customers. Our capabilities are versatile and synergistic, allowing Corning to evolve to meet changing market needs, while also helping customers capture new opportunities in dynamic industries. Corning strives to be a catalyst for positive change and to help move the world forward. The Company drives profitable multiyear growth by inventing, making and selling life-changing products – all of which is based on a set of vital capabilities that are increasingly relevant to profound transformations that touch many facets of daily life. Today, Corning's markets include optical communications, mobile consumer electronics, display, automotive, solar, semiconductor and life sciences. Going into 2024, we introduced our three-year Springboard plan to add more than $3 billion in annualized sales by the end of 2026. As we capture this growth, we expect to deliver powerful incrementals because we already have the required production capacity and technical capabilities in place, and the cost and capital are already reflected in our financials. Additionally, we expect to achieve an operating margin target of 20% by the end of 2026. In 2024, we began marking important milestones toward our Springboard plan – including the implementation of price increases in Display Technologies and growth in Optical Communications driven by increased demand for our new Generative AI products. And in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to 2023 we grew quarterly sales while growing profit significantly faster, resulting in a strong close to the first year of Springboard. Overall, we expect our businesses to benefit from a convergence of cyclical and secular trends, driving sales and profit growth across the company through 2026, and we are energized about the tremendous value Springboard creates for shareholders. 2025 Corporate Outlook We expect core net sales of approximately $3.6 billion for the first quarter of 2025. 24 Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table presents selected highlights from our operations (in millions): Year ended December 31, % change 2024 2023 24 vs. 23 Net sales $ 13,118 $ 12,588 4 % Cost of sales $ 8,842 $ 8,657 2 % Gross margin $ 4,276 $ 3,931 9 % Gross margin % 33 % 31 % Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,931 $ 1,843 5 % as a % of net sales 15 % 15 % Research, development and engineering expenses $ 1,089 $ 1,076 1 % as a % of net sales 8 % 9 % Translated earnings contract gain, net $ 83 $ 161 (48 %) Income before income taxes $ 813 $ 816 0 % Provision for income taxes $ 221 $ 168 32 % Effective tax rate 27.2 % 20.6 % Net Sales Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $530 million, or 4%, when compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in sales for telecommunication products of $645 million and specialty glass products of $146 million, partially offset by a decrease in sales for polycrystalline silicon products of $149 million and environmental substrate and filter products of $95 million. Refer to the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A below for a discussion of net sales by segment. In 2024 and 2023, sales in international markets accounted for 64% and 67% of total net sales, respectively. Cost of Sales / Gross Margin The types of expenses included in cost of sales are: raw materials consumption, including direct and indirect materials; salaries, wages and benefits; depreciation and amortization; production utilities; production-related purchasing; warehousing (including receiving and inspection); repairs and maintenance; inter-location inventory transfer costs; production and warehousing facility property insurance; rent for production facilities; freight and logistics costs; and other production overhead. Gross margin increased by $345 million, or 9% and gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased by 2 percentage points when compared to 2023. The increase in gross margin is primarily driven by the increase in net sales, as discussed above. Since 2023, actions were taken by management to improve profitability, including raising prices, restoring our productivity levels and normalizing inventory levels, which has resulted in improvements in gross margin as a percentage of net sales. 25 Table of Contents Selling, General and Administrative Expenses The types of expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses are: salaries, wages and benefits, including variable compensation and share- based compensation expense; travel; sales commissions; professional fees; and depreciation and amortization, utilities and rent for administrative facilities. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $88 million, or 5%, when compared to 2023 primarily due to the increase in net sales, as discussed above, and remained consistent as a percentage of net sales. Research, Development and Engineering Expenses Research, development and engineering expenses increased by $13 million, or 1%, and decreased as a percentage of net sales by 1 percentage point when compared to 2023. Translated earnings contract gain, net Included in translated earnings contract gain, net, is the impact of foreign currency contracts which economically hedge the translation exposure arising from movements in the Japanese yen, South Korean won, New Taiwan dollar, euro, Chinese yuan, Mexican peso and British pound and its impact on net income. The following table provides detailed information on the impact of translated earnings contract gain, net (in millions): Income before tax Net income Income before tax Net income Income before tax Net income 2024 2023 2024 vs. 2023 Hedges related to translated earnings: Realized gain, net $ 194 $ 149 $ 247 $ 198 $ (53) $ (49) Unrealized loss, net (111) (85) (86) (68) (25) (17) Total translated earnings contract gain, net $ 83 $ 64 $ 161 $ 130 $ (78) $ (66) (1) For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, amount includes non-cash pre-tax realized losses of $85 million and $68 million, respectively, related to the premiums of expired option contracts. (2) For the year ended December 31, 2023, amount excludes an $11 million gain related to a forward contract designated as a net investment hedge, which was reflected within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The impact to income from realized activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by realized gains from our Japanese yen-denominated hedges, partially offset by realized losses from our South Korean won, Chinese yuan, new Taiwan dollar and Mexican peso-denominated hedges. The impact to income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily driven by realized gains from our Japanese yen-denominated hedges, partially offset by realized losses from our South Korean won and Chinese yuan-denominated hedges. The impact to income from unrealized activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by unrealized losses from our South Korean won, Japanese yen, new Taiwan dollar and Chinese yuan-denominated hedges, partially offset by unrealized gains from our euro-denominated hedges. The impact to income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily driven by unrealized losses from our Japanese Yen, South Korean won and euro-denominated hedges. (1) (2) 26 Table of Contents Income before income taxes Income before income taxes remained flat for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023, driven by an increase in operating income of $245 million as a result of the increase in net sales and cost of sales, as discussed above, partially offset by the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, as discussed above. The improved operating income for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023 is offset by increases of non- operating expenses of $248 million, primarily due to the recognition of $145 million of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses in 2024 related to the substantial liquidation and disposition of foreign entities, which was recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income, and $49 million of non-cash charges recognized in 2024 in one of our Emerging Growth Businesses relating to a customer that recently entered into a multi- jurisdictional restructuring effort including insolvency filings in certain countries. These charges primarily relate to the full write-down of upfront payments made to the customer, which were determined to be nonrecoverable, and recorded as a charge to net sales in the consolidated statements of income. Provision for Income Taxes For the year ended December 31, 2024, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible items, including the release of cumulative translation losses and changes in tax reserves, partially offset by non-taxable items, tax credits generated, foreign derived intangible income and changes in valuation allowance assessments. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax credits generated, non-taxable items, foreign derived intangible income and stock compensation windfall deductions, partially offset by changes in valuation allowance assessments, non- deductible items and tax reserves. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to the release of cumulative translation losses, non-deductible items and tax credits generated, partially offset by changes in valuation allowance assessments. Refer to Note 6 (Income Taxes) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding income tax matters. The U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) in August 2022, which, among other sections, creates a new book minimum tax of at least 15% of consolidated pre-tax income for corporations with average book income in excess of $1 billion. The IRA also provides credit incentives to taxpayers based on the type and amount of manufacturing activity performed. None of the provisions within the IRA are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flow. In December 2022, the European Union (“EU”) Member States formally adopted the EU Pillar Two Framework (“Pillar Two Framework”), which generally provides for a 15% global minimum effective tax rate, based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Certain countries have enacted this tax law change, with an effective date starting January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025, for certain aspects of the directive. The impact of the Pillar Two Framework is not material to our results of operations, financial position or cash flow as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. 27 Table of Contents SEGMENT ANALYSIS Financial results for the reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses are prepared on a basis consistent with the internal disaggregation of financial information to assist the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in making internal operating decisions, which is more fully discussed within Note 17 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements and includes a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in our consolidated statements of income. Segment net income may not be consistent with measures used by other companies. The following table presents segment net sales by reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (in millions): Year ended December 31, $ change % change 2024 2023 24 vs. 23 24 vs. 23 Optical Communications $ 4,657 $ 4,012 $ 645 16 % Display Technologies 3,872 3,532 340 10 % Specialty Materials 2,018 1,865 153 8 % Environmental Technologies 1,665 1,766 (101) (6)% Life Sciences 979 959 20 2 % Net sales of reportable segments 13,191 12,134 1,057 9 % Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses 1,278 1,446 (168) (12)% Net sales of reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses $ 14,469 $ 13,580 $ 889 7 % (1) Refer to Note 17 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the reconciliation to consolidated net sales. Optical Communications The increase in segment net sales was primarily driven by continued strong adoption of AI-related connectivity solutions used in data centers in our Enterprise business. Display Technologies The increase in segment net sales was primarily due to higher sales volume, attributable to increased panel maker utilization and growth in the retail and glass market driven by larger average screen size, as well as pricing actions taken in the second half of 2023 and the second half of 2024. Specialty Materials The increase in segment net sales was primarily due to continued strong demand for premium glass for mobile devices as well as semiconductor-related products. Environmental Technologies The decrease in segment net sales was primarily due to the continued impact of a weaker global heavy-duty diesel market particularly in Europe. Life Sciences Segment net sales increased 2% despite the market stabilizing throughout the year. Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in our HSG business driven by lower volume and lower pricing for solar-grade polysilicon. (1) 28 Table of Contents The following table presents segment net income by reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (in millions): Year ended December 31, $ change % change 2024 2023 24 vs. 23 24 vs. 23 Optical Communications $ 612 $ 478 $ 134 28 % Display Technologies 1,006 842 164 19 % Specialty Materials 260 202 58 29 % Environmental Technologies 358 386 (28) (7)% Life Sciences 63 50 13 26 % Net income of reportable segments 2,299 1,958 341 17 % Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (55) 15 (70) * Net income of reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses $ 2,244 $ 1,973 $ 271 14 % * Not meaningful (1) Refer to Note 17 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the reconciliation to consolidated net income. Optical Communications The increase in segment net income was primarily driven by strong incremental profit on higher sales volume, as outlined above. Display Technologies The increase in segment net income was primarily driven by the increase in sales, as outlined above, and improved profitability which includes the impact of price increases. Specialty Materials The increase in segment net income was primarily driven by strong incremental profit on higher volumes. Environmental Technologies The decrease in segment net income was primarily driven by the decrease in sales, as outlined above. Life Sciences The increase in segment net income was primarily driven by profitability improvements from productivity actions taken. Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses The decrease was primarily driven by our HSG business due to lower sales, as outlined above. (1) 29 Table of Contents CORE PERFORMANCE MEASURES In managing the Company and assessing our financial performance, we adjust certain measures included in our consolidated financial statements to exclude specific items to arrive at our core performance measures. These items include the impact of translating the Japanese yen-denominated debt, the impact of the translated earnings contracts, acquisition-related costs, certain discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments, restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits, certain litigation, regulatory and other legal matters, pension mark-to-market adjustments and other items which do not reflect the ongoing operating results of the Company. In addition, because a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on sales and net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. Therefore, management utilizes constant-currency reporting for the Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences segments to exclude the impact from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar and euro, as applicable to the segment. In addition, effective January 1, 2024, the Company began utilizing constant-currency reporting for the Optical Communications segment to exclude the impact from the Mexican peso on segment results. Prior periods were not recast as the impact was not material. The most significant constant-currency adjustment relates to the Japanese yen exposure within the Display Technologies segment. The constant-currency rates established for our core performance measures are internally derived long-term management estimates, which are closely aligned with our hedging instrument rates. These hedging instruments may include, but are not limited to, foreign exchange forward or option contracts and foreign-denominated debt. For details of the rates used, refer to the footnotes to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” section. We believe that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand our results without the volatility of currency fluctuations, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts. Core performance measures are not prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We provide investors with these non-GAAP measures to evaluate our results as we believe they are indicative of our core operating performance and provide greater transparency to how management evaluates our results and trends and makes financial and operational decisions. These measures are not, and should not be viewed as a substitute for, GAAP reporting measures. With respect to the outlook for future periods, it is not possible to provide reconciliations for these non-GAAP measures because management does not forecast the movement of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar, or other items that do not reflect ongoing operations, nor does it forecast items that have not yet occurred or are out of management’s control. As a result, management is unable to provide outlook information on a GAAP basis. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP performance measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, refer to “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures.” 30 Table of Contents Results of Operations – Core Performance Measures The following table presents selected highlights from our operations, excluding certain items, (in millions, except per share amounts): Year ended December 31, % change 2024 2023 24 vs. 23 Core net sales $ 14,469 $ 13,580 7 % Core net income $ 1,699 $ 1,463 16 % Core earnings per share $ 1.96 $ 1.70 15 % Core Net Sales For the year ended December 31, 2024, we generated core net sales of $14.5 billion compared to core net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $13.6 billion. The increase in core net sales of $0.9 billion was primarily driven by higher reportable segment net sales in Optical Communications of $645 million, Display Technologies of $340 million and Specialty Materials of $153 million, partially offset by a decrease in net sales from Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses of $168 million and Environmental Technologies of $101 million. Net sales of reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses are discussed in detail in the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A. Core Net Income For the year ended December 31, 2024, we generated core net income of $1.7 billion, or $1.96 per share, compared to core net income generated for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $1.5 billion, or $1.70 per share. The increase in core net income of $0.2 billion was driven by higher reportable segment net income in Display Technologies of $164 million, Optical Communications of $134 million, Specialty Materials of $58 million, partially offset by a decrease from Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses of $70 million. Net income of reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses are discussed in detail in the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A. Core Earnings per Share Core earnings per share increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $1.96 per share, as a result of the increase in core net income, as outlined above. The following table sets forth the computation of core earnings per share (in millions, except per share amounts): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 Core net income $ 1,699 $ 1,463 Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic 853 848 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and other awards 16 11 Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted 869 859 Core earnings per share $ 1.96 $ 1.70 31 Table of Contents RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES We utilize certain financial measures and key performance indicators that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP to assess our financial and operating performance. A non-GAAP financial measure is defined as a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance that (i) excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the consolidated statements of income or statements of cash flows, or (ii) includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the comparable measure as calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the consolidated statements of income or statements of cash flows. Core net sales, core net income and core earnings per share are non-GAAP financial measures utilized by our management to analyze financial performance without the impact of items that are driven by general economic conditions and events that do not reflect the underlying fundamentals and trends in our operations. Refer to “Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items. The following tables reconcile our non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure (amounts in millions, except percentages and per share amounts): Year ended December 31, 2024 Net sales Income before income taxes Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated Effective tax rate (a)(b) Per Share As reported - GAAP $ 13,118 $ 813 $ 506 27.2 % $ 0.58 Constant-currency adjustment 1,309 989 773 0.89 Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt, net (104) (80) (0.09) Translated earnings contract gain, net (83) (64) (0.07) Acquisition-related costs 128 92 0.11 Discrete tax items and other tax- related adjustments 21 0.02 Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits 42 407 374 0.43 Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters 12 9 0.01 Pension mark-to-market adjustment 3 2 Loss on investments 23 22 0.03 Loss on sale of assets 27 20 0.02 Loss on sale of business 31 24 0.03 Core performance measures $ 14,469 $ 2,246 $ 1,699 20.3 % $ 1.96 (a) Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event. (b) The calculation of the effective tax rate for GAAP and core excludes net income attributable to non-controlling interest of approximately $86 million and $92 million, respectively. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 32 Table of Contents Year ended December 31, 2023 Net sales Income before income taxes Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated Effective tax rate (a) (b) Per Share As reported - GAAP $ 12,588 $ 816 $ 581 20.6 % $ 0.68 Constant-currency adjustment 992 744 550 0.64 Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt, net (100) (81) (0.09) Translated earnings contract gain, net (161) (130) (0.15) Acquisition-related costs 131 90 0.10 Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments 34 0.04 Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits 471 378 0.44 Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters 61 54 0.06 Pension mark-to-market adjustment 15 12 0.01 Gain on investments (10) (10) (0.01) Gain on sale of assets (20) (15) (0.02) Core performance measures $ 13,580 $ 1,947 $ 1,463 20.7 % $ 1.70 (a) Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event. (b) The calculation of the effective tax rate GAAP and core excludes net income attributable to non-controlling interest of approximately $67 million and $81 million, respectively. Refer to “Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items. Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures Items adjusted from GAAP measures to arrive at core performance measures are as follows: (1) Constant-currency adjustment: As a significant portion of revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on sales and net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. The Company utilizes constant-currency reporting for Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences segments for the Japanese yen, Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar and euro, as applicable to the segment. In addition, effective January 1, 2024, the Company began utilizing constant-currency reporting for the Optical Communications segment to exclude the impact from the Mexican peso on segment results. Prior periods were not recast as the impact was not material. The constant-currency rates established for our core performance measures are internally derived long-term management estimates, which are closely aligned with our hedging instrument rates. These hedging instruments may include, but are not limited to, foreign exchange forward or option contracts and foreign-denominated debt. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the adjustment primarily relates to our Japanese yen exposure due to the difference in the average spot rate compared to our core rate. We believe that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand our results without the volatility of currency fluctuation, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts. Constant-currency rates used are as follows and are applied to all periods presented and to all foreign exchange exposures during the period, with the exception of the Mexican peso as discussed above, even though we may be less than 100% hedged: Currency Japanese yen Korean won Chinese yuan New Taiwan dollar Euro Mexican peso Rate ¥107 ₩1,175 ¥6.7 NT$31 €0.81 MX$20 (2) Translation of Japanese yen-denominated debt: Amount reflects the gain or loss on the translation of our yen-denominated debt to U.S. dollars, net of a $15 million loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, related to the change in the fair value of our cross currency swap contracts, recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. (3) Translated earnings contract: Amount reflects the impact of the realized and unrealized gains and losses from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, euro, New Taiwan dollar and Mexican peso-denominated foreign currency hedges related to translated earnings, as well as the unrealized gains and losses of our British pound-denominated foreign currency hedges related to translated earnings. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 33 Table of Contents (4) Acquisition-related costs: Amount reflects intangible amortization, inventory valuation adjustments and external acquisition-related deal costs, as well as other transaction related costs. (5) Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments: Amount reflects certain discrete period tax items such as changes in tax law, the impact of tax audits, changes in tax reserves and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances, as well as other tax-related adjustments. (6) Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits: Amount reflects certain restructuring, impairment losses and other charges and credits, as well as other expenses, including severance, accelerated depreciation, asset write-offs and facility repairs resulting from power outages, and the recognition of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments upon the substantial liquidation or disposition of a foreign entity, which are not related to ongoing operations. For the year ended December 31, 2024, amount includes $131 million of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses required to be recognized upon the substantial liquidation or disposition of foreign entities, which was recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Amount also includes $49 million of non-cash charges in one of our Emerging Growth Businesses relating to a customer that recently entered into a multi-jurisdictional restructuring effort including insolvency filings in certain countries. These charges primarily relate to the full write-down of upfront payments made to the customer, which were determined to be nonrecoverable, and recorded as a charge to net sales in the consolidated statements of income. Other charges recorded during 2024 related to asset write-offs associated with the exit of certain facilities and product lines. The activity in 2023 primarily relates to asset write-offs associated with the exit of certain facilities and product lines and severance charges across all segments. (7) Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters: Amount reflects developments in commercial litigation, intellectual property disputes, adjustments to our estimated liability for environmental-related items and other legal matters. (8) Pension mark-to-market adjustment: Amount primarily reflects defined benefit pension mark-to-market gains and losses, which arise from changes in actuarial assumptions and the difference between actual and expected returns on plan assets and discount rates. (9) Loss (gain) on investments: Amount reflects the loss or gain recognized on investments due to mark-to-market adjustments for the change in fair value or the disposition of an investment. (10) Loss (gain) on sale of assets: Amount represents the loss or gain recognized for the sale of assets, recorded in cost of sales, in the consolidated statements of income. (11) Loss on sale of business: Amount reflects the loss recognized for the sale of a business, recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income, and includes $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses related to the disposition of a foreign entity. 34 Table of Contents LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Our financial condition and liquidity are strong. We are not aware of any known trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in a material decrease in our liquidity. In addition, other than items discussed, there are no known material trends, favorable or unfavorable, in our capital resources and no expected material changes in the mix of such resources. Our major sources of funding for 2025 and beyond will be our operating cash flow, our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents and proceeds from any issuances of debt. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to fund operations and meet our obligations for the foreseeable future. Such obligations may include requirements for acquisitions, capital expenditures, debt repayments, dividend payments and share repurchases. We will continue to generate cash from operations and maintain access to our revolving credit facilities and commercial paper programs as discussed in more detail below. Key Balance Sheet Data We fund our working capital with cash from operations and, periodically, short-term and long-term borrowings. In addition, from time to time, we receive upfront cash from customers relating to long-term supply agreements, as well as cash incentives from government entities generally for capital expansion and related expenses. The following table presents balance sheet and working capital measures (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Working capital $ 3,073 $ 2,893 Current ratio 1.6:1 1.7:1 Trade accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts $ 2,053 $ 1,572 Days sales outstanding 53 47 Inventories $ 2,724 $ 2,666 Inventory turns 3.2 3.2 Days payable outstanding 54 52 Long-term debt $ 6,885 $ 7,206 Total debt $ 7,211 $ 7,526 Total debt to total capital 39% 39% (1) Includes trade payables only. We perform comprehensive reviews of our significant customers and their creditworthiness by analyzing their financial strength at least annually or more frequently for customers where we have identified a measure of increased risk. We closely monitor payments and developments to identify potential customer credit issues. We are not aware of any customer credit issues that could have a material impact on our liquidity. We participate in accounts receivable management programs, including factoring arrangements to sell certain accounts receivable to third-party financial institutions or accelerate collections through our customer’s supply chain financing arrangements. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. By utilizing these types of programs, we accelerated the collection of $182 million in accounts receivable during the three months ended December 31, 2024, which would have been collected during the normal course of business in the following quarter. (1) 35 Table of Contents Cash Flows The following table presents a summary of cash flow data (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,939 $ 2,005 Net cash used in investing activities $ (744) $ (1,000) Net cash used in financing activities $ (1,164) $ (883) Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $66 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily driven by the decrease in net income partially offset by improvements in working capital. Net cash used in investing activities improved by $256 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by lower capital expenditures of $425 million, partially offset by higher premiums paid on hedging contracts of $89 million. Net cash used in financing activities increased by $281 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared to the same period last year. During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities primarily related to dividend payments of $986 million and purchases of common stock for treasury of $165 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities primarily related to dividend payments of $989 million and the redemption of preferred stock of $507 million, partially offset by $918 million in proceeds received from the issuance of euro-denominated notes in May 2023. Sources of Liquidity We generate strong ongoing cash flows from operations, which is our principal source of liquidity. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash flows provided by operating activities were $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents and available credit capacity included (in millions): December 31, 2024 Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,768 Available credit capacity: U.S. dollar revolving credit facility $ 1,500 Chinese yuan facilities $ 31 Cash and Cash Equivalents We ended 2024 with $1.8 billion of cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are held in various locations throughout the world and are generally unrestricted. We utilize a variety of strategies to ensure that our worldwide cash is available in the locations in which it is needed. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 64% of the consolidated cash and cash equivalents were held outside the U.S. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company distributed an immaterial amount from foreign subsidiaries to their respective U.S. parent companies. As of December 31, 2024, Corning had approximately $1.6 billion of indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings. If we distribute our foreign cash balances to the U.S. or to other foreign subsidiaries, we could be required to accrue and pay withholding taxes. We do not foresee a need to repatriate any earnings for which we asserted permanent reinvestment. However, to help fund cash needs of the U.S. or other international subsidiaries as they arise, we repatriate available cash from certain foreign subsidiaries whose earnings are not permanently reinvested. 36 Table of Contents Debt Facilities and Other Sources of Liquidity We have a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate principal amount outstanding at any one time of $1.5 billion. Under this program, we may issue commercial paper from time to time and will use the proceeds for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any commercial paper outstanding. Our $1.5 billion Revolving Credit Agreement is available to support obligations under the commercial paper program and for general corporate purposes, if needed. There were no outstanding amounts under this facility as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Our Revolving Credit Agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants with which we must comply, including a leverage (debt to capital ratio) financial covenant. The required leverage ratio is a maximum of 60%. As of December 31, 2024, our leverage using this measure was approximately 39%. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all such covenants. Our debt instruments contain customary event of default provisions, which allow the lenders the option of accelerating all obligations upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, some of our debt instruments contain a cross default provision, whereby an uncured default exceeding a specified amount on one debt obligation, also would be considered a default under the terms of another debt instrument. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all such provisions. We have access to certain Chinese yuan-denominated unsecured variable rate loan facilities, whose proceeds are used for capital investment and general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2024, borrowings totaled $314 million and these facilities had variable interest rates ranging from 2.8% to 3.9% and maturities ranging from 2025 to 2032. As of December 31, 2024, Corning had 0.2 billion Chinese yuan of unused capacity, equivalent to approximately $31 million. As a well-known seasoned issuer, we filed an automatic shelf registration statement with the SEC on December 1, 2023. Under this shelf registration statement we may offer, from time to time, debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depository shares and warrants. Refer to Note 10 (Debt) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Customer Deposits, Deferred Revenue and Government Incentives We receive cash deposits or consideration, generally non-refundable, from customers under long-term supply agreements. In addition, we receive government assistance, typically in the form of cash incentives primarily for capital expansion projects and tax credits that are refundable or transferable. Refer to Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) and Note 3 (Revenue) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Uses of Cash Share Repurchase Agreement Pursuant to the Share Repurchase Agreement (“SRA”) with Samsung Display Co., Ltd. (“SDC”), 22 million common shares held by SDC can be offered to be sold to Corning in specified tranches from time to time in calendar years 2024 through 2027. Corning may, at its sole discretion, elect to repurchase such common shares. If Corning elects not to repurchase the common shares and SDC sells the common shares on the open market, Corning is required to pay SDC a make-whole payment, subject to a 5% cap of the repurchase proceeds that otherwise would have been paid by Corning. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of the liability associated with this option, measured using Level 2 inputs, was not material. Refer to Note 14 (Shareholders’ Equity) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Share Repurchases In 2019, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of additional common stock (“2019 Authorization”). As of December 31, 2024, approximately $3.1 billion remains available under our 2019 Authorization, which does not have an expiration date and may be amended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. Refer to Note 14 (Shareholders' Equity) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. 37 Table of Contents Common Stock Dividends The Board’s decision to declare and pay future dividends will depend on our income and liquidity position, among other factors. We expect to declare quarterly dividends and fund payments with cash from operations. On February 12, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.28 per share of common stock, which will be payable on March 28, 2025. Capital Expenditures Capital expenditures were $1.0 billion, $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We expect our 2025 capital expenditures to be approximately $1.3 billion. Current Maturities of Short and Long-Term Debt As of December 31, 2024, the maturity schedule of our existing long-term debt does not require significant cash outflows, with approximately $1.4 billion due over the next five years, of which $326 million is due in less than one year. Refer to Note 10 (Debt) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Defined Benefit Pension Plans Our global pension plans, including our unfunded and non-qualified plans, were 86% funded as of December 31, 2024. Our largest single pension plan is our U.S. qualified plan, which accounted for 78% of our consolidated defined benefit pension plans’ projected benefit obligation, was 98% funded as of December 31, 2024. The funded status of our pension plans is dependent upon multiple factors including actuarial assumptions, interest rates at year-end, prior investment returns and contributions made to the plans. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Corning made no voluntary contributions to our domestic defined benefit pension plan and cash contributions to our international pension plans were $9 million. During 2025, the Company anticipates making cash contributions of $10 million to the international pension plans. Refer to Note 11 (Employee Retirement Plans) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees A summary of our contractual obligations and other commercial commitments as of December 31, 2024 and details of our commitments as of December 31, 2024 related to executed leases that have not yet commenced are included within Note 12 (Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees) and Note 5 (Leases), respectively, in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Off Balance Sheet Arrangements Off balance sheet arrangements are transactions, agreements, or other contractual arrangements with an unconsolidated entity for which we have an obligation to the entity that is not recorded in our consolidated financial statements. Our off balance sheet arrangements include guarantee and indemnity contracts. At the time a guarantee is issued, we are required to recognize a liability for the fair value or market value of the obligation it assumes. In the normal course of our business, we do not routinely provide significant third-party guarantees. Generally, third-party guarantees provided by us are limited to certain financial guarantees, including stand-by letters of credit and performance bonds. These guarantees have various terms and none of these guarantees are individually significant. We believe a significant majority of these guarantees and contingent liabilities will expire without being funded. Refer to Note 12 (Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. ENVIRONMENT Refer to Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note 12 (Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for information. 38 Table of Contents CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The following estimates are considered by management to be the most critical to the understanding of the consolidated financial statements as they require significant judgments that could materially impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Impairment of assets held for use We are required to assess the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets when an indicator of impairment has been identified. We perform this review each quarter and exercise judgment in assessing whether impairment indicators are present. Manufacturing equipment includes certain components of production equipment that are constructed of precious metals, primarily platinum and rhodium. These metals are not depreciated because they have very low physical losses and are repeatedly reclaimed and reused in our manufacturing process over a very long useful life. The physical loss of precious metals in the manufacturing and reclamation process is treated as depletion and these losses are accounted for as a period expense based on actual units lost. Precious metals are reviewed for impairment as part of our assessment of long-lived assets. This review considers all our precious metals that are either in place in the production process; in reclamation, fabrication, or refinement in anticipation of re-use; or awaiting use to support increased capacity. Precious metals are only acquired to support our operations and are not held for trading or other non-manufacturing related purposes. Examples of events or circumstances that may be indicative of impairments include, but are not limited to: • A significant decrease in the market price of an asset; • A significant change in the use of a long-lived asset or its physical condition; • A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of the asset, including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; • An accumulation of costs significantly more than the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of an asset; • A current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of an asset; and • A current expectation that, more likely than not, an asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, a long-lived asset or assets is grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We must exercise judgment in assessing the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Our assessment is performed at the operating segment level. For most of our operating segments, we concluded that locations or businesses within these segments which share production along the supply chain must be combined to appropriately identify cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For long-lived assets, when impairment indicators are present, we compare estimated undiscounted future cash flows, including the eventual disposition of the asset group at market value, to the assets’ carrying value to determine if the asset group is recoverable. This assessment requires the exercise of judgment in assessing the future use of and projected value to be derived from the assets to be held and used. Assessments also consider changes in asset utilization, including the temporary idling of capacity and the expected timing for placing this capacity back into production. For an asset group that fails the test of recoverability, the estimated fair value of long-lived assets is determined using an “income approach” that starts with the forecast of all the expected future net cash flows, including the eventual disposition at market value of long-lived assets, and considers the fair market value of all precious metals, if applicable. If there is an impairment, a loss is recorded to reflect the difference between the assets’ fair value and carrying value. Our estimates are based upon our historical experience, our commercial relationships and available external information about future trends. We believe fair value assessments are most sensitive to market growth and the corresponding impact on volume and selling prices and that these are also more subjective than manufacturing cost and other assumptions. We believe our current assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate. 39 Table of Contents Income taxes We are subject to income tax laws and regulations of the many jurisdictions in which we operate. These tax laws and regulations are complex and involve uncertainties in the application to our facts and circumstances that may be open to interpretation. We recognize benefits for these uncertain tax positions based upon a process that requires judgment regarding the technical application of the laws, regulations and various related judicial opinions. We record uncertain tax positions only when they are believed to have a less than 50% likelihood of being sustained on their technical merits and then only to the extent of the amount of tax benefit that is less than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. In estimating these amounts, we must exercise judgment around factors such as the weighting of the tax law in our favor or alternatively, consider a negotiated compromise, and our willingness to dispute a tax authorities’ assertion to the level of appeal we believe is required to sustain our position. As a result, it is possible that our estimate of the benefits we will realize for uncertain tax positions may change when we become aware of new information affecting these judgments and estimates. We must also assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets against future sources of taxable income and reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets by recording a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such assets will not be realized. Inherent in this estimation process is the requirement for us to estimate future book and taxable income and possible tax planning strategies. These estimates require us to exercise judgment about our future results, the prudence and feasibility of possible tax planning strategies and the economic environments in which we do business. It is possible that actual results will differ from assumptions and require adjustments to allowances. Fair value measures As required, we use two kinds of inputs to determine the fair value of assets and liabilities: observable and unobservable. Observable inputs are based on market data or independent sources, while unobservable inputs are based on our own market assumptions. Once inputs have been characterized, we prioritize the inputs used to measure fair value into one of three broad levels. Characterization of fair value inputs is required for those accounting pronouncements that prescribe or permit fair value measurement. In addition, observable market data must be used when available and the highest-and-best-use measure should be applied to non-financial assets. Our major categories of financial assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value are short-term and long-term investments, certain pension asset investments and derivatives. These categories use observable inputs only and are measured using a market approach based on quoted prices in markets considered active or in markets in which there are few transactions. Derivative assets and liabilities may include foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange option contracts that are measured using observable quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities. Included in our foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange option contracts are foreign currency hedges that hedge our cash flow and translation exposure resulting from movements in the Japanese yen, South Korean won, New Taiwan dollar, Chinese yuan, British pound, euro and Mexican peso. In arriving at the fair value of our derivative assets and liabilities, we have considered the appropriate valuation and risk criteria, including such factors as credit risk of the relevant party to the transaction. Amounts related to credit risk are not material. Refer to Note 13 (Financial Instruments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. Loss contingencies Accruals are recorded for various contingencies including legal proceedings, environmental matters and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on judgment, the probability of losses, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external counsel and actuarial determined estimates. Refer to Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note 12 (Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of Corning’s material litigation and environmental matters. Pension and other postretirement employee benefits (“OPEB”) We offer employee retirement plans consisting of defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic and international employees and postretirement plans that provide health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees and dependents. The costs and obligations related to these benefits reflect our assumptions related to general economic conditions (particularly interest rates), expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increase for employees and health care trend rates. The cost of providing plan benefits depends on demographic assumptions including retirements, mortality, turnover and plan participation. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect our employee pension and other postretirement obligations, and current and future expense. 40 Table of Contents The following table presents our actual and expected return (loss) on assets, as well as the corresponding percentages (in millions, except percentages): December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Actual return (loss) on plan assets – Domestic plans $ 303 $ 281 $ (728) Expected return on plan assets – Domestic plans 179 176 210 Actual (loss) return on plan assets – International plans (6) 10 (139) Expected return on plan assets – International plans 16 13 9 Weighted-average actual and expected return on assets: Actual return (loss) on plan assets – Domestic plans 11.74 % 10.94 % (20.05)% Expected return on plan assets – Domestic plans 6.75 % 6.75 % 6.00 % Actual (loss) return on plan assets – International plans (1.19)% 2.54 % (26.26)% Expected return on plan assets – International plans 4.34 % 3.85 % 1.64 % As of December 31, 2024, the Projected Benefit Obligation (“PBO”) for U.S. pension plans was $3.2 billion. The following table presents the estimated increases (decreases) in future ongoing pension expense and projected benefit obligation assuming a 25 basis point change in the key assumptions for our U.S. pension plans (in millions): Change in ongoing pension expense Change in projected benefit obligation 25 basis point decrease in each spot rate $ (1) $ 75 25 basis point increase in each spot rate $ 1 $ (72) 25 basis point decrease in expected return on assets $ 7 25 basis point increase in expected return on assets $ (7) The above sensitivities reflect the impact of changing one assumption at a time. Economic factors and conditions often affect multiple assumptions simultaneously and the effects of changes in key assumptions are not necessarily linear. These changes in assumptions would have no effect on our funding requirements. The following table presents the estimated increases (decreases) in future ongoing pension expense and the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit obligation (“APBO”) assuming a 25 basis point change in the key assumptions for our U.S. OPEB plans (in millions): Change in ongoing OPEB expense Change in APBO 25 basis point decrease in each spot rate $ 1 $ 9 25 basis point increase in each spot rate $ (1) $ (8) The above sensitivities reflect the impact of changing one assumption at a time. Economic factors and conditions often affect multiple assumptions simultaneously and the effects of changes in key assumptions are not necessarily linear. Refer to Note 11 (Employee Retirement Plans) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Refer to Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 41 Table of Contents FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in reports subsequently filed by Corning with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Forms 10-Q and 8-K and related comments by management that are not historical facts or information and contain words such as “will,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “see,” “would,” “target,” “estimate,” “forecast” or similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Such statements relate to future events that by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the Company’s future operating performance, the Company’s share of new and existing markets, the Company’s revenue and earnings growth rates, the Company’s ability to innovate and commercialize new products, the Company’s expected capital expenditure and the Company’s implementation of cost-reduction initiatives and measures to improve pricing, including the optimization of the Company’s manufacturing capacity. Although the Company believes that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions regarding, among other things, current estimates and forecasts, general economic conditions, its knowledge of its business and key performance indicators that impact the Company, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements if circumstances or management’s estimates or opinions should change except as required by applicable securities laws. Some of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: — global economic trends, competition and geopolitical risks, or an escalation of sanctions, tariffs or other trade tensions between the U.S. and other countries, and related impacts on our businesses’ global supply chains and strategies; — changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility, including developments and volatility arising from health crisis events, inflation, interest rates, the value of securities and other financial assets, precious metals, oil, natural gas, raw materials and other commodity prices and exchange rates (particularly between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen, New Taiwan dollar, euro, Chinese yuan, South Korean won and Mexican peso), decreases or sudden increases of consumer demand, and the impact of such changes and volatility on our financial position and businesses; — the availability of or adverse changes relating to government grants, tax credits or other government incentives; — the duration and severity of health crisis events, such as an epidemic or pandemic, and its impact across our businesses on demand, personnel, operations, our global supply chains and stock price; — possible disruption in commercial activities or our supply chain due to terrorist activity, cyber-attack, armed conflict, political or financial instability, natural disasters, international trade disputes or major health concerns; — loss of intellectual property due to theft, cyber-attack, or disruption to our information technology infrastructure; — ability to enforce patents and protect intellectual property and trade secrets; — disruption to Corning’s, our suppliers’ and manufacturers’ supply chain, equipment, facilities, IT systems or operations; — product demand and industry capacity; — competitive products and pricing; — availability and costs of critical components, materials, equipment, natural resources and utilities; — new product development and commercialization; — order activity and demand from major customers; — the amount and timing of our cash flows and earnings and other conditions, which may affect our ability to pay our quarterly dividend at the planned level or to repurchase shares at planned levels; — the amount and timing of any future dividends; — the effects of acquisitions, dispositions and other similar transactions; — the effect of regulatory and legal developments; — ability to pace capital spending to anticipated levels of customer demand; — our ability to increase margins through implementation of operational changes, pricing actions and cost reduction measures; — rate of technology change; — adverse litigation; — product and component performance issues; — retention of key personnel; — customer ability to maintain profitable operations and obtain financing to fund ongoing operations and manufacturing expansions and pay receivables when due; — loss of significant customers; — changes in tax laws, regulations and international tax standards; — the impacts of audits by taxing authorities; and — the potential impact of legislation, government regulations and other government action and investigations. 42 Table of Contents Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks We operate and conduct business in many foreign countries and as a result are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Our exposure to exchange rates has the following effects: • Exchange rate movements on financial instruments and transactions denominated in foreign currencies that impact earnings; and • Exchange rate movements upon conversion of net assets and net income of foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. Our most significant foreign currency exposure relates to the Japanese yen, South Korean won, New Taiwan dollar, Chinese yuan, euro and Mexican peso. We seek to mitigate the impact of exchange rate movements in our consolidated statements of income by using over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative instruments including foreign exchange forward and option contracts. In general, these hedges expire coincident with the timing of the underlying foreign currency commitments and transactions. We are exposed to potential losses in the event of non-performance by our counterparties to these derivative contracts. However, we minimize this risk by maintaining a diverse group of highly-rated major financial institutions as our counterparties. We do not expect to record any losses as a result of such counterparty default. Neither we nor our counterparties are required to post collateral for these financial instruments. Our cash flow hedging activities utilize OTC foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the risk that movements in exchange rates will adversely affect the net cash flows resulting from the sale of products to foreign customers and purchases from foreign suppliers. We also use OTC foreign exchange forward and option contracts that are not designated as hedged instruments. These contracts are used to offset economic currency risks. The undesignated hedges limit exposure to foreign functional currency fluctuations related to certain subsidiaries’ monetary assets, monetary liabilities and net earnings in foreign currencies. A significant portion of our non-U.S. revenue is denominated in Japanese yen. When this revenue is translated back to U.S. dollars, we are exposed to foreign exchange rate movements in the Japanese yen. To protect translated earnings against movements in the Japanese yen, we have entered into a series of option contracts and average rate forwards. Since inception of the Company’s Japanese yen-denominated debt, the Japanese yen has weakened and the U.S. dollar value of these liabilities has decreased, generating unrealized foreign exchange gains that have been recognized over time in the consolidated statements of income. In 2024, to economically lock in unrealized foreign exchange gains, the Company entered into the cross currency swap contracts relating to a portion of the Company’s Japanese yen-denominated debt. We use a sensitivity analysis to assess the market risk associated with foreign currency exposure. Market risk is defined as the potential change in fair value of assets and liabilities resulting from an adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates. As of December 31, 2024, with respect to open foreign exchange forward, option and cross currency swap contracts and foreign denominated debt with values exposed to exchange rate movements, a 10% adverse movement in quoted foreign currency exchange rates could result in a loss in fair value of these instruments of $0.8 billion compared to $0.6 billion as of December 31, 2023. Specific to the Japanese yen, a 10% adverse movement in quoted yen exchange rates could result in a loss in fair value of these instruments of $0.3 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Management expects that these hypothetical losses from a 10% adverse movement in quoted foreign currency exchange rates on the derivative financial instruments should largely offset gains on the assets, liabilities and future transactions being hedged. 43 Table of Contents Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The response to this Item 8 is included in our audited consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements, which are contained in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, after evaluating the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report, have concluded that based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by paragraph (b) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, that Corning’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Disclosure controls and procedures mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Corning’s disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Corning in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Corning’s management, including Corning’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or other persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (a) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Corning. Corning’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. Corning’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of Corning’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., and that Corning’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of Corning’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of Corning’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate. Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified by the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting. 44 Table of Contents Item 9B. Other Information During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of our executive officers or directors adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.” Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections None. 45 Table of Contents PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The sections titled “Proposal 1 Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in our Definitive Proxy Statement are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Executive Officers of the Registrant Refer to Part I, Item 1. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a listing of executive officers. Corning’s Board of Directors Leslie A. Brun Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Sarr Group LLC Mr. Brun is chairman and chief executive officer of Sarr Group, LLC, co-founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Ariel Alternatives, LLC, senior advisor of G100, Council Advisors, World 50 and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He was also the founder of Hamilton Lane, where he served as chief executive officer and chairman from 1991 until 2005. In addition, Mr. Brun served as a managing director and co-founder of the investment banking group of Fidelity Bank and as a past vice president in the corporate finance division of E.F. Hutton & Co. Mr. Brun joined Corning’s Board in 2018. Age 72. Stephanie A. Burns Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dow Corning Corporation Lead Independent Director Dr. Burns has nearly 40 years of global innovation and business leadership experience. Dr. Burns joined Dow Corning in 1983 as a researcher and specialist in organosilicon chemistry. In 1994, she became the company’s first director of women’s health. She was elected to the Dow Corning Board of Directors in 2001 and elected as president in 2003. She served as chief executive officer from 2004 until May 2011 and served as chair from 2006 until her retirement in December 2011. Dr. Burns joined Corning’s Board in 2012. Age 69. Pamela J. Craig Retired Chief Financial Officer, Accenture plc. From 2006 through 2013, Ms. Craig served as chief financial officer of Accenture plc., a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, following many other leadership roles in line management, consulting and operations during her 34 years with the company. She is also actively involved in charitable organizations focused on education and on the advancement of women in business, including The Women’s Forum of New York, New York University Stern School of Business, Junior Achievement of New Jersey and is a member of the Board of Trustees of Smith College. Ms. Craig joined Corning’s Board in 2021. Age 67. Robert F. Cummings, Jr. Retired Vice Chairman of Investment Banking, JPMorgan Chase & Co. Mr. Cummings retired as vice chairman of Investment Banking at JPMorgan Chase & Co. in 2016. He had served in that role since 2010, advising on client opportunities across sectors and industry groups. Mr. Cummings began his business career in the investment banking division of Goldman, Sachs & Co. in 1973 and was a partner of that firm from 1986 to 1998. He served as an advisory director at Goldman Sachs until 2002. Mr. Cummings joined Corning’s Board in 2006. Age 75. Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. Steven A. Tananbaum Distinguished Fellow for International Economics, Council on Foreign Relations Mr. Ferguson is the Steven A. Tananbaum Distinguished Fellow for International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is also a partner and the Chief Investment Officer of Red Cell Partners, an incubation and venture capital enterprise focused on the health care and defense sectors. He is the past President and Chief Executive Officer of TIAA, a position he held from 2008 to 2021. He is also the former Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System. Prior to joining TIAA in April 2008, Mr. Ferguson was head of financial services for Swiss Re and Chairman of Swiss Re America Holding Corporation. From 1984 to 1997, he was an Associate and Partner at McKinsey & Company. He began his career as an attorney at the New York City office of Davis Polk & Wardwell. Mr. Ferguson joined Corning’s Board in 2021. Age 73. Thomas D. French Senior Partner Emeritus, McKinsey & Company, Inc. Mr. French retired as a Senior Partner of McKinsey & Company in December 2019, and currently is Senior Partner Emeritus. Over the course of his 33-year career in consulting, he served leading technology-driven industrial companies on strategy, marketing, corporate governance, and organization design. He led the firm’s Global Marketing and Sales Practice for five years, the Americas Practice for seven years, and served on multiple firm governance committees. He is a trustee of several non-profit organizations. Mr. French joined Corning’s Board in 2023. Age 65. 46 Table of Contents Deborah A. Henretta Retired Group President of Global E-Business, Procter & Gamble Company Ms. Henretta has nearly 40 years of business leadership experience across both developed and developing markets, as well as expertise in brand building, marketing, philanthropic program development and government relations. She joined Procter & Gamble (P&G) in 1985. In 2005, she was appointed President of P&G’s business in ASEAN, Australia and India. She was appointed group president, P&G Asia in 2007, group president of P&G Global Beauty Sector in 2013 and group president of P&G E-Business in 2015. She retired from P&G in 2015. Ms. Henretta joined Corning’s Board in 2013. Age 63. Daniel P. Huttenlocher Dean, MIT Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing Dr. Huttenlocher is the inaugural Dean of the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing. Prior to joining MIT, Dr. Huttenlocher served as dean and vice provost of Cornell Tech from 2012 to 2019 and worked for Cornell University from 1988 to 2012 in various positions. Before Cornell, Dr. Huttenlocher worked at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and was Chief Technology Officer at Intelligent Markets, Inc. He has also served as the Chair of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, an independent foundation that makes grants and impact investments to support non-profit organizations addressing global social challenges. Dr. Huttenlocher holds a Ph.D. in computer science and a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, both from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Huttenlocher joined Corning’s Board in 2015. Age 66. Kevin J. Martin Vice President, Public Policy, Meta Platforms, Inc. Mr. Martin is Vice President, Public Policy at Meta Platforms, Inc. Prior to joining Meta, he was a partner and co-chair of the telecommunications practice at Squire Patton Boggs, an international law firm from 2009 to 2015. From March 2005 to January 2009, he was chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Mr. Martin has two decades' experience as a lawyer and policymaker in the telecommunications field. Before joining the FCC as a commissioner in 2001, Mr. Martin was a special assistant to the president for Economic Policy and served on the staff of the National Economic Council, focusing on commerce and technology policy issues. He served as the official U.S. government representative to the G-8’s Digital Opportunity Task Force. Mr. Martin joined Corning’s Board in 2013. Age 58. Deborah D. Rieman Retired Executive Chairman, Metamarkets Group Dr. Rieman has more than 34 years of experience in the software and information technology industries. In 2016, she retired as executive chairman of Metamarkets Group. Previously, she was managing director of Equus Management Company, a private investment fund. From 1995 to 1999, she served as president and chief executive officer of Check Point Software Technologies, Incorporated. Dr. Rieman joined Corning’s Board in 1999. Age 75. Wendell P. Weeks Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Mr. Weeks has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Corning Incorporated since April 2005 and Chairman of the Board of Directors since April 2007. He has held a variety of financial, commercial, business development and general management positions across Corning’s businesses and technologies since he joined the company in 1983. He has earned 44 U.S. patents. Mr. Weeks joined Corning’s Board in 2000. Age 65. Mark S. Wrighton Professor and Chancellor Emeritus, Washington University in St. Louis Dr. Wrighton has nearly 30 years of leadership experience overseeing large research universities. He currently serves as professor and chancellor emeritus of Washington University in St. Louis where he served 24 years as its chancellor. Before joining Washington University in St. Louis, he was a researcher and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was head of the Department of Chemistry from 1987 to 1990, and then provost from 1990 to 1995. Dr. Wrighton served as a presidential appointee to the National Science Board from 2000 to 2006. He is also a past chair of the Association of American Universities, the Business Higher Education Forum and the Consortium on Financing Higher Education. He was elected to membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society and he is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Wrighton joined Corning’s Board in 2009. Age 75. Code of Ethics Our Board of Directors adopted the Code of Ethics (“Code”) for the Chief Executive Officer and Financial Executives. This Code has been in existence for more than ten years. The Code applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Controller and other financial executives. During 2024, no amendments to or waivers of the provisions of the Code were made with respect to any of our directors or executive officers. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on our website at https://www.corning.com/worldwide/en/about-us/investor-relations/codes-of-conduct-ethics.html. We will also provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to shareholders without charge upon written request to Corporate Secretary, Corning Incorporated, One Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY 14831. We will disclose future amendments to, or waivers from, the Code of Ethics on our website within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver. 47 Table of Contents Item 11. Executive Compensation The sections titled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Director Compensation” and “Compensation and Talent Management Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our Definitive Proxy Statement are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The section titled “Beneficial Ownership Table” in our Definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information about the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2024: Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 4,239,342 $ 24.18 19,405,889 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total 4,239,342 $ 24.18 19,405,889 (1) Excludes 4.2 million of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights. (2) Shares indicated are total grants under the most recent shareholder approved plans. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence The sections titled “Policy on Transactions with Related Persons,” “Director Independence” and “Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors- Committees” in our Definitive Proxy Statement are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The sections titled “Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Policy Regarding Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permitted Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our Definitive Proxy Statement are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (1) (2) 48 Table of Contents PART IV Item 15. Exhibits (a) Documents filed as part of this report: 1. Financial statements Page See separate index to financial statements 57 (b) Exhibits filed as part of this report: 2.1 Framework Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2013, by and among Samsung Display Co., Ltd.; Corning Incorporated and the other parties thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.65 to Corning’s Form 10-K filed on February 10, 2014, as amended by its Form 10-K/A filed on March 21, 2014). The Company has omitted certain schedules, exhibits and similar attachments to the Framework Agreement pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. 2.2 Transaction Agreement, dated December 10, 2015, by and between Corning Incorporated, The Dow Chemical Company, Dow Corning Corporation and HS Upstate Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of Corning’s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2015). 2.3 Assignment Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2015, between Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Corning Incorporated, Corning Precision Materials Co., Ltd., and Corning Luxembourg S.àr.l., Corning Hungary Data Services Limited Liability Company, Corning Japan K.K., and Samsung Corning Advanced Glass LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of Corning’s Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2015). 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated April 27, 2012, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of New York on April 27, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) 1 of Corning’s Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2012). 3.2 Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated January 14, 2014, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of New York on January 14, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Corning’s Form 8-K filed on January 15, 2014). 3.3 Amended and Restated By-Laws of Corning Incorporated, effective as of October 4, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Corning’s Form 8-K filed October 5, 2023). 4.1 Indenture, dated November 8, 2000, by and between the Company and of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (successor to J. P. Morgan Chase & Co., formerly The Chase Manhattan Bank), as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to Corning’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, Registration Statement No. 333-275848). The Company agrees to furnish to the Commission on request copies of other instruments with respect to long-term debt. 4.2 Form of certificate for shares of the common stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Corning’s registration statement on Form S-8 dated May 7, 2010 (Registration Statement No. 333-166642)). 4.3 Shareholder Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2013, by and between Samsung Display Co., Ltd. and Corning Incorporated (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.66 to Corning’s Form 10-K filed on February 10, 2014, as amended by its Form 10-K/A filed on March 21, 2014 and further amended by the First Amendment to Shareholder Agreement, dated April 5, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Corning's Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2021). 4.4 Standstill Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2013, by and among Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Samsung Display Co., Ltd. and Corning Incorporated (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to Corning’s Form 10-K filed on February 10, 2014, as amended by its Form 10-K/A filed on March 21, 2014). 4.5 Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Corning’s Form 10-K filed on February 12, 2021.) 10.1 Amendment dated as of February 1, 2004 to Change In Control Agreement dated as of April 23, 2002 between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Corning’s Form 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). 10.2 Change In Control Agreement dated as of April 23, 2002 between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of Corning’s Form 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). 49 Table of Contents 10.3 Amended Corning Incorporated 2003 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors effective October 4, 2006 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 27, 2007). 10.4 Corning Incorporated Performance Incentive Plan dated October 3, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 15, 2008). 10.5 Amendment No. 2 dated February 13, 2008 and Amendment dated as of February 1, 2004 to Letter of Understanding between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks, and Letter of Understanding dated April 23, 2002 between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 15, 2008). 10.6 Form of Change in Control Agreement Amendment No. 2, effective December 5, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 15, 2008). 10.7 Form of Officer Severance Agreement Amendment, effective December 5, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 15, 2008). 10.8 Form of Change of Control Agreement Amendment No. 3 effective December 19, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.53 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 24, 2009). 10.9 Form of Officer Severance Agreement Amendment No. 2 effective December 19, 2008 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 24, 2009). 10.10 Amendment No. 3 dated December 19, 2008 to Letter of Understanding dated April 23, 2002 between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 24, 2009). 10.11 2010 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 15, 2010 for April 29, 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). 10.12 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 18, 2021, for April 29, 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). 10.13 Form of Officer Severance Agreement dated as of January 1, 2015 between Corning Incorporated and each of the following individuals: Eric S. Musser, A. Hal Nelson III, Lewis A. Steverson, Edward A. Schlesinger and John Z. Zhang (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Corning’s Form 10-Q filed July 30, 2015). 10.14 Form of Change in Control Agreement dated as of January 1, 2015 between Corning Incorporated and each of the following individuals: Eric S. Musser, A. Hal Nelson III, Lewis A. Steverson, Edward A. Schlesinger and John Z. Zhang (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Corning’s Form 10-Q filed July 30, 2015). 10.15 Tax Matters Agreement, dated December 10, 2015, by and between Corning Incorporated, The Dow Chemical Company, Dow Corning Corporation and HS Upstate Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 of Corning’s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2015). 10.16 Form of Corning Incorporated Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (for grants made under the 2010 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors), effective January 1, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 6, 2017). 10.17 Credit Agreement dated as of June 6, 2022, among Corning Incorporated, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citibank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, HSBC Bank USA, National Association, Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., MUFG Bank, Ltd., Standard Chartered Bank, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of China New York Branch, and The Bank of New York Mellon (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Corning’s Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2022). 10.18 2019 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 22, 2019 for May 2, 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). 10.19 Form of Corning Incorporated Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (for grants made under the 2019 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors), effective January 1, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.79 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 14, 2020). 10.20 Form of Corning Incorporated Performance Share Unit Agreement, effective January 1, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.80 of Corning’s Form 10-K filed February 14, 2020). 10.21 Share Repurchase Agreement, dated April 5, 2021, between Samsung Display Co., Ltd. and Corning Incorporated (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Corning's Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2021). 50 Table of Contents 10.22 Corning Incorporated Executive Supplemental Pension Plan as Amended and Restated, effective January 1, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to Corning's Form 10-K filed February 13, 2023). 10.23 Corning Incorporated Supplemental Pension Plan as Amended and Restated, effective January 1, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Corning's Form 10-K filed February 13, 2023). 10.24 Corning Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors as Amended and Restated, effective December 6, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Corning's Form 10-K filed February 12, 2024). 10.25 Corning Incorporated Supplemental Investment Plan as Amended and Restated, effective January 1, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Corning's Form 10-K filed February 12, 2024). 10.26 Transaction Agreement dated as of March 12, 2024 by and among Solar Technology LLC, as Lessee and as Construction Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Corning's Form 8-K filed March 15, 2024). 10.27 Construction Agency Agreement dated as of March 12, 2024 between BA Leasing BSC, LLC as Lessor and Solar Technology LLC as Construction Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Corning's Form 8-K filed March 15, 2024). 10.28 Lease, Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing dated as of March 12, 2024, between Solar Technology LLC as Lessee and BA Leasing BSC, LLC as Lessor (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Corning's Form 8-K filed March 15, 2024). 10.29 Guaranty from Corning Incorporated dated March 12, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Corning's Form 8-K filed March 15, 2024). 14 Corning Incorporated Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Financial Executives, and Code of Conduct for Directors and Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference to Appendix I of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 13, 2012 for April 26, 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). 19 Corning Incorporated Insider Trading Policy, effective February 1, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19 to Corning's Form 10-K filed February 12, 2024). 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant at December 31, 2024. 23 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 24 Powers of Attorney (included on the Signatures page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). 31.1 Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 97 Corning Incorporated Clawback Policy, effective December 1, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97 to Corning's Form 10-K filed February 12, 2024). 101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) Item 16. Form 10-K Summary. None. 51 Table of Contents Signatures Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused his report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Corning Incorporated Date: February 13, 2025 By: /s/ Wendell P. Weeks Wendell P. Weeks Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Edward A. Schlesinger, Lewis A. Steverson and Stefan Becker, jointly and severally, his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities as indicated and on the 13th day of February, 2025. Signature Capacity /s/ Wendell P. Weeks Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, and Director Wendell P. Weeks (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Edward A. Schlesinger Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Edward A. Schlesinger /s/ Stefan Becker Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) Stefan Becker /s/ Leslie A. Brun Director Leslie A. Brun /s/ Stephanie A. Burns Director Stephanie A. Burns /s/ Pamela J. Craig Director Pamela J. Craig /s/ Robert F. Cummings, Jr. Director Robert F. Cummings, Jr. /s/ Roger W. Ferguson Jr. Director Roger W. Ferguson Jr. 52 Table of Contents Signature Capacity /s/ Thomas D. French Director Thomas D. French /s/ Deborah A. Henretta Director Deborah A. Henretta /s/Daniel P. Huttenlocher Director Daniel P. Huttenlocher /s/ Kevin J. Martin Director Kevin J. Martin /s/ Deborah D. Rieman Director Deborah D. Rieman /s/ Mark S. Wrighton Director Mark S. Wrighton 53 Table of Contents Corning Incorporated 2024 Annual Report Index to Financial Statements Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238) 55 Consolidated Statements of Income 57 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 58 Consolidated Balance Sheets 59 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 60 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 61 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 62 2. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits 70 3. Revenue 71 4. Inventories 72 5. Leases 72 6. Income Taxes 74 7. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation 77 8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets 77 9. Other Assets and Other Liabilities 78 10. Debt 79 11. Employee Retirement Plans 80 12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees 86 13. Financial Instruments 87 14. Shareholders’ Equity 89 15. Earnings Per Common Share 92 16. Share-Based Compensation 92 17. Reportable Segments 94 54 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Corning Incorporated Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Corning Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 55 Table of Contents Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Income Taxes - Receivables for South Korean Tax Disputes As described in Notes 1, 6, and 9 to the consolidated financial statements, in evaluating the tax benefits associated with the Company’s various tax filing positions, management records a tax benefit for uncertain tax positions using the highest cumulative tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized. Adjustments are made to the asset or liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the period in which the Company files the return containing the tax position or when new information becomes available. The Company is currently appealing certain South Korean tax assessments and tax refund claims for tax years 2010 through 2019. The Company is required to deposit the disputed tax amounts with the South Korean government as a condition of its appeal of any tax assessment. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will prevail in the appeals process and as a result, management recorded a non-current receivable of $253 million as of December 31, 2024. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the receivables for South Korean tax disputes is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when applying the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria to the Company’s uncertain tax positions based on the application of the tax law; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence relating to management’s assumption that the Company will prevail in the appeal of any tax assessment; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to uncertain tax positions, including management’s assessment of the South Korean tax disputes. These procedures also included, among others, obtaining management’s assessment and evidence supporting the more-likely- than-not tax position on the South Korean tax disputes and evaluating the reasonableness of the likelihood that the tax positions will ultimately be sustained upon examination by the South Korean tax authorities and through the appeals process. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating management’s assessment and supporting evidence related to the application of the tax law. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 13, 2025 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1944. 56 Table of Contents Consolidated Statements of Income Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies Year ended December 31, (in millions, except per share amounts) 2024 2023 2022 Net sales $ 13,118 $ 12,588 $ 14,189 Cost of sales 8,842 8,657 9,683 Gross margin 4,276 3,931 4,506 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,931 1,843 1,898 Research, development and engineering expenses 1,089 1,076 1,047 Amortization of purchased intangibles 121 122 123 Operating income 1,135 890 1,438 Interest income 47 38 15 Interest expense (329) (329) (292) Translated earnings contract gain, net (Note 13) 83 161 351 Other (expense) income, net (123) 56 285 Income before income taxes 813 816 1,797 Provision for income taxes (Note 6) (221) (168) (411) Net income 592 648 1,386 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest (86) (67) (70) Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated $ 506 $ 581 $ 1,316 Earnings per common share available to common shareholders: Basic (Note 15) $ 0.59 $ 0.69 $ 1.56 Diluted (Note 15) $ 0.58 $ 0.68 $ 1.54 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 57 Table of Contents Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 Net income $ 592 $ 648 $ 1,386 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (Note 14) (588) (230) (779) Unamortized gains (losses) and prior service credits (costs) for postretirement benefit plans 184 (24) 154 Realized and unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives (91) 36 (30) Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (495) (218) (655) Comprehensive income 97 430 731 Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest (86) (67) (70) Comprehensive income attributable to Corning Incorporated $ 11 $ 363 $ 661 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 58 Table of Contents Consolidated Balance Sheets Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies December 31, (in millions, except share and per share amounts) 2024 2023 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,768 $ 1,779 Trade accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts - $33 and $30 2,053 1,572 Inventories (Note 4) 2,724 2,666 Other current assets (Notes 9 and 13) 1,447 1,195 Total current assets 7,992 7,212 Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation - $14,492 and $14,553 (Note 7) 13,359 14,630 Goodwill (Note 8) 2,363 2,380 Other intangible assets, net (Note 8) 752 905 Deferred income taxes (Note 6) 1,130 1,153 Other assets (Notes 9 and 13) 2,139 2,220 Total Assets $ 27,735 $ 28,500 Liabilities and Equity Current liabilities: Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings (Note 10) $ 326 $ 320 Accounts payable 1,472 1,466 Other accrued liabilities (Notes 9 and 12) 3,121 2,533 Total current liabilities 4,919 4,319 Long-term debt (Note 10) 6,885 7,206 Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 11) 336 398 Other liabilities (Notes 9 and 12) 4,525 4,709 Total liabilities 16,665 16,632 Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) Shareholders’ equity (Note 14): Common stock – Par value $0.50 per share; Shares authorized 3.8 billion; Shares issued: 1.8 billion and 1.8 billion 921 916 Additional paid-in capital – common stock 17,264 16,929 Retained earnings 15,926 16,391 Treasury stock, at cost; Shares held: 987 million and 980 million (20,882) (20,637) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,543) (2,048) Total Corning Incorporated shareholders’ equity 10,686 11,551 Non-controlling interest 384 317 Total equity 11,070 11,868 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 27,735 $ 28,500 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 59 Table of Contents Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net income $ 592 $ 648 $ 1,386 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 1,229 1,247 1,329 Amortization of purchased intangibles 121 122 123 Loss on disposal of assets, net 143 155 189 Share-based compensation expense 273 218 175 Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt (104) (100) (191) Deferred tax benefit (33) (75) (46) Translated earnings contract gain (83) (161) (351) Release of cumulative translation losses 145 Tax deposit refund 99 Changes in assets and liabilities: Trade accounts receivable (717) 50 113 Inventories (171) 157 (522) Other current assets (107) (80) (139) Accounts payable and other current liabilities 470 (173) 408 Customer deposits and government incentives (6) (42) 110 Deferred income (27) (5) (49) Other, net 214 (55) 80 Net cash provided by operating activities 1,939 2,005 2,615 Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Capital expenditures (965) (1,390) (1,604) Proceeds from sale of equipment to related party 67 Proceeds from sale of business 76 Proceeds from sale of assets 80 22 Realized gains on translated earnings contracts and other 279 326 300 Premiums paid on hedging contracts (98) (9) (75) Other, net (40) (16) (52) Net cash used in investing activities (744) (1,000) (1,355) Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Repayments of debt (267) (284) (87) Proceeds from issuance of debt 153 82 127 Proceeds from issuance of euro bonds 918 Proceeds from cross currency swap 134 Payment for redemption of preferred stock (507) (507) Payments of employee withholding tax on stock awards (81) (106) (47) Proceeds from exercise of stock options 76 42 40 Purchases of common stock for treasury (165) (221) Dividends paid (986) (989) (932) Other, net (28) (39) (22) Net cash used in financing activities (1,164) (883) (1,649) Effect of exchange rates on cash (42) (14) (88) Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (11) 108 (477) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 1,779 1,671 2,148 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 1,768 $ 1,779 $ 1,671 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 60 Table of Contents Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies (in millions) Common stock Additional paid-in capital common Retained earnings Treasury stock Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Corning Incorporated shareholders’ equity Non- controlling interest Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 907 $ 16,475 $ 16,389 $ (20,263) $ (1,175) $ 12,333 $ 212 $ 12,545 Net income 1,316 1,316 70 1,386 Other comprehensive loss (655) (655) (2) (657) Purchase of common stock for treasury (221) (221) (221) Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises 3 207 210 210 Common dividends ($1.08 per share) (926) (926) (926) Other, net (1) (48) (49) (13) (62) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 910 $ 16,682 $ 16,778 $ (20,532) $ (1,830) $ 12,008 $ 267 $ 12,275 Net income 581 581 67 648 Other comprehensive loss (218) (218) (1) (219) Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises 6 247 253 253 Common dividends ($1.12 per share) (968) (968) (968) Other, net (105) (105) (16) (121) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 916 $ 16,929 $ 16,391 $ (20,637) $ (2,048) $ 11,551 $ 317 $ 11,868 Net income 506 506 86 592 Other comprehensive loss (495) (495) (1) (496) Purchase of common stock for treasury, net (163) (163) (163) Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises 5 335 340 340 Common dividends ($1.12 per share) (971) (971) (971) Other, net (82) (82) (18) (100) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 921 $ 17,264 $ 15,926 $ (20,882) $ (2,543) $ 10,686 $ 384 $ 11,070 (1) Treasury stock includes the deemed surrender to the Company of common stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. (1) (1) (1) 61 Table of Contents Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization Corning Incorporated is a provider of high-performance glass for notebook computers, flat panel desktop monitors, display televisions and other information display applications; carrier network and enterprise network products for the telecommunications industry; ceramic substrates for gasoline and diesel engines in automotive and heavy-duty vehicle markets; laboratory products for the scientific community and specialized polymer products for biotechnology applications; advanced optical materials for the semiconductor industry and the scientific community; polycrystalline silicon products and other technologies. In these notes, the terms “Corning,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean Corning Incorporated and subsidiary companies. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Corning Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), consisting of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and those entities in which we have a variable interest and of which we are the primary beneficiary, and are consolidated in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances, transactions and profits have been eliminated. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on the results of operations, financial position, or changes in shareholders’ equity. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition, restructuring charges, valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, valuation and impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, valuation of investments and equity interests, environmental and legal liabilities, commitments and contingencies, income taxes and deferred tax valuation allowances, valuation of pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations and the fair value of share-based compensation. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Revenue Recognition Most of the Company’s revenue is generated by delivery of products to customers and recognized at a point in time based on evaluation of when the customer obtains control of the products. Revenue is recognized when all performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied and control of the product has been transferred to the customer. If customer acceptance clauses are present and it cannot be objectively determined that control has been transferred, revenue is only recorded when customer acceptance is received and all performance obligations have been satisfied. Sales of goods typically do not include multiple product and/or service elements. Shipping and handling fees are treated as fulfillment costs and not as separate performance obligations under the terms of revenue contracts due to the perfunctory nature of the shipping and handling obligations. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales tax, value-added tax and other taxes are collected concurrently with revenue-producing activities and excluded from revenue. Incidental contract costs that are not material in the context of the delivery of goods and services are recognized as an expense. At the time revenue is recognized, allowances are recorded with the related reduction to revenue for estimated product returns, allowances and price discounts based upon historical experience and related terms of customer arrangements. Where product warranties are offered, liabilities are established for estimated warranty costs based upon historical experience and specific warranty provisions. Warranty liabilities are adjusted when experience indicates the expected outcome will differ from initial estimates of the liability. Product warranty liabilities were not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. 62 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) In addition, the Company has contractual arrangements with certain customers, mainly related to telecommunications products and comprised of design, installation, training and software maintenance services, in which revenue is recognized over time. The performance obligations under these contracts generally require services to be performed over time, resulting in either a straight-line amortization method or an input method using incurred and forecasted expense to predict revenue recognition patterns which follows satisfaction of the performance obligation. Corning’s other revenue was not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Contract Assets and Liabilities Contract assets, such as incremental costs to obtain or fulfill contracts, are an insignificant component of Corning’s revenue recognition process. Most of Corning’s fulfillment costs as a manufacturer of products are classified as inventory, fixed assets and intangible assets, which are accounted for under the respective guidance for those asset types. Other fulfillment costs are immaterial due to the nature of the products and their respective manufacturing processes. Contract liabilities include customer deposits, deferred revenue and other advanced payments. Customer deposits are primarily related to Display products and deferred revenue is primarily related to Hemlock Semiconductor Group (“HSG”). Other advanced payments are not significant to operations and are recorded within other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development costs totaled $0.8 billion, $0.9 billion and $0.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions The determination of the functional currency for Corning’s foreign subsidiaries is made based on the appropriate economic factors. For most foreign operations, the local currencies are generally considered to be the functional currencies. Corning’s most significant exception is a Taiwanese subsidiary, which uses the Japanese yen as its functional currency. For all transactions denominated in a currency other than a subsidiary’s functional currency, foreign currency revaluation and remeasurement gains and losses are included in income for the period in which the exchange rates changed. A net foreign currency revaluation and remeasurement gain of $165 million, $59 million and $130 million was recorded within other expense (income), net in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Foreign subsidiary functional currency balance sheet accounts have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and statement of operations accounts have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Translation gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. The effects of remeasuring non-functional currency assets and liabilities into the functional currency are included in current earnings, except for those related to intra-entity foreign currency transactions of a long-term investment nature which are recorded together with translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. Upon sale or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign entity, the amount of net translation gains or losses that have been accumulated in other comprehensive loss attributable to that investment are reported as a gain or loss for the period in which the sale or liquidation occurs. During 2024, Corning recognized $145 million of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses related to the substantial liquidation and disposition of certain foreign entities, which was recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Share-Based Compensation Corning maintains long-term incentive plans (the “Plans”) for employees and non-employee members of its Board of Directors. The Plans are established to grant equity-based compensation awards, including time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units, stock options, stock appreciation rights or a combination of awards (collectively, “share-based awards”). Share-based compensation cost is allocated to cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses and research, development and engineering expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The cost of share-based compensation awards is equal to the fair value of the award at the grant date and compensation cost is recognized for awards expected to ultimately vest. The number of awards expected to vest equals the total awards granted less an estimation of the number of forfeitures expected to occur prior to vesting. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting annually and adjusts share-based compensation cost based on its probability assessment. 63 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) The forfeiture assumption is ultimately adjusted to the actual forfeiture rate. The effect of any change in estimated forfeitures would be recognized through a cumulative adjustment that would be included in compensation cost in the period of the change in estimate. As a result, changes in the forfeiture assumptions do not impact the total amount of expense ultimately recognized over the service period. Rather, different forfeiture assumptions would only impact the timing of expense recognition over the service period. For awards granted to non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company recognizes the compensation cost over the service period for awards with vesting terms and immediately for awards with no vesting terms. For awards granted to employees, the Company recognizes the compensation cost over the service period. For awards containing retirement provisions that are granted to retirement eligible employees, share-based compensation cost is recognized over the period in which the required service is expected to be met. During the requisite service period, the Company also recognizes a deferred income tax benefit for the expense recognized. At the time of subsequent vesting, exercise, forfeiture, or expiration of an award, the difference between the Company’s actual income tax deduction, if any, and the previously accrued income tax benefit is recognized in current income tax expense/benefit during the current period. Time-Based Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units are issued by the Company on a discretionary basis and are payable in shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The fair value is based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Performance-based restricted stock units are issued by the Company on a discretionary basis, earned upon the achievement of certain targets and are payable in shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting, typically over a three year period. The fair value is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and assumes that the target payout level will be achieved. Stock Options Corning’s stock option plans provide non-qualified and incentive stock options to purchase authorized but unissued common shares, or treasury shares, at the closing market price on the grant date and generally become exercisable in tranches from one year to five years from the grant date. The maximum term of non-qualified and incentive stock options is 10 years from the grant date. An award is considered vested when the employee’s retention of the award is no longer contingent on providing subsequent service (the “non-substantive vesting period approach”). Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash. Securities with contractual maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are considered cash equivalents. The carrying amount of these securities approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The following table presents supplemental disclosures of cash flow information (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Non-cash transactions: Accruals for capital expenditures $ 149 $ 217 $ 414 Cash paid for interest and income taxes: Interest $ 310 $ 274 $ 275 Income taxes, net of refunds received $ 263 $ 213 $ 426 (1) Includes approximately $31 million, $40 million and $48 million of interest costs that were capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (1) 64 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Trade Accounts Receivable, net of Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the best estimate of the amount of probable lifetime credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience and expected future default rate by industry. In addition, in circumstances where the Company is made aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific allowance is established. The Company does not have any significant off balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation Land, buildings and equipment, including precious metals, are recorded at cost. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the respective assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives generally range from 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements and 2 to 20 years for equipment, excluding precious metals as discussed below. Interest on borrowings is capitalized during the active construction period of major capital projects, added to the cost of the underlying assets and amortized over the useful life of the assets. Included in the subcategory of equipment are the following types of assets (excluding precious metals): Asset type Range of useful life (in years) Computer hardware and software 3 to 7 Manufacturing equipment 2 to 15 Furniture and fixtures 5 to 10 Transportation equipment 3 to 20 Manufacturing equipment includes certain components of production equipment that are constructed of precious metals. These assets are not depreciated because they have very low physical losses and are repeatedly reclaimed and reused in the Company’s manufacturing processes over a very long useful life. The physical loss of precious metals in the manufacturing and reclamation process is treated as depletion and these losses are accounted for as a period expense based on actual units lost. Precious metals are integral to many glass production processes and are only acquired to support operations. These metals are not held for trading or other purposes. Leases Corning leases certain buildings and real estate, vehicles and equipment from third parties, which are classified as operating or finance leases. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and the corresponding lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. To determine the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available on the lease commencement date or the implicit rate if it is readily determinable. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components of a contract for its leases. Renewal and termination options are included in the calculation of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when considered to be reasonably certain to be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating leases. Interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use assets relating to finance leases are calculated and recognized using the effective interest and straight-line methods, respectively. Corning does not have any significant agreements as a lessor. 65 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The recoverability of long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, is reviewed when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate the carrying value of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. The Company is required to assess the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets when an indicator of impairment has been identified. The Company performs this review each quarter and exercises judgment in assessing whether impairment indicators are present. When impairment indicators are present, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, including the eventual disposition of the asset group at market value, is compared to the assets’ carrying value to determine if the asset group is recoverable. For an asset group that fails the test of recoverability, the estimated fair value of long-lived assets is determined using an income approach that starts with the forecast of all the expected future net cash flows, including the eventual disposition at market value of long-lived assets, and considers the fair market value of all precious metals, if applicable. The recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets is assessed at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If there is an impairment, a loss is recorded to reflect the difference between the assets’ fair value and carrying value. Goodwill Goodwill reflects the purchase price of a business acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company’s goodwill relates, and is assigned directly, to one of our reporting units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, by performing a qualitative assessment before performing a quantitative assessment. If the Company determines, based on the qualitative factors considered, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, the Company will not need to proceed to the quantitative goodwill impairment process, except that the Company performs a detailed quantitative assessment at least every three years. The Company’s qualitative assessment is performed by assessing various factors including, but not limited to, expectations for the long-term growth of the business, forecasted future cash flows, changes in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant entity-specific events, or a sustained decrease in share price. If a quantitative impairment analysis is required to estimate the fair value of any of our reporting units, then the Company will use an income approach using a discounted cash flow model. The estimates and key assumptions and inputs used in the model include management’s internal projections of future cash flows, the weighted-average cost of capital and the long-term growth rate. The fair value measurement is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy due to the unobservable inputs used. Estimates are based upon historical experience, current knowledge from commercial relationships and available external information about future trends. If the fair value were less than the carrying value, the difference between the implied fair value and the carrying amount would be recorded as an impairment to goodwill. Changes in these estimates and key assumptions could affect the determination of fair value. The most recent quantitative impairment test was performed as of October 1, 2023 and the implied fair value for each of the Company's reporting units significantly exceeded the reporting unit's carrying amount. Government Assistance The Company receives government assistance, typically in the form of cash incentives primarily for capital expansion projects and tax credits that are refundable or transferable (collectively, “incentives”). Incentives are recognized when it is probable that the Company will comply with any contractual conditions and that the incentives will be received. Incentives are classified as an asset when they are recognized but have not been received and as a liability when they are received but have not been recognized. Incentives relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are deducted from the cost of the relevant asset. Incentives relating to project costs or other expenses are recognized in the statements of income as an offset to the related expense. During the year ended December 31, 2024, incentives recognized in net income were $126 million and incentives recognized as a reduction of property, plant and equipment were not material. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $105 million classified within other current assets and $113 million classified within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Other amounts on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 were not material. During the year ended December 31, 2023, incentives recognized in net income were $186 million and incentives recognized as a reduction of property, plant and equipment were not material. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $98 million classified within other assets and $61 million classified within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Other amounts on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 were not material. 66 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Environmental Liabilities The Company accrues for its environmental investigation, remediation, operating and maintenance costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. For environmental matters, the most likely cost to be incurred is accrued based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual site, current laws and regulations and prior remediation experience. For sites with multiple potentially responsible parties, the Company considers its likely proportionate share of the anticipated remediation costs and the ability of the other parties to fulfill obligations in establishing a provision for those costs. Where no amount within a range of estimates is more likely to occur than another, the minimum undiscounted amount is accrued. When future liabilities are determined to be reimbursable by insurance coverage, an accrual is recorded for the potential liability and a receivable is recorded related to the insurance reimbursement when reimbursement is virtually certain. The uncertain nature inherent in such remediation and the possibility that initial estimates may not reflect the outcome could result in additional costs being recognized by the Company in future periods. Equity Method Investments Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting, or at fair value when the fair value option is elected, if the investment gives the Company the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an affiliated company. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company records its initial investment at cost and subsequently adjusts the carrying amount to reflect its share of the investee’s earnings or losses. The equity earnings or losses from associated companies are recorded within other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment on a periodic basis or if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. If it is probable that the carrying amount of the investment cannot be recovered, the impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recorded in earnings, and the equity investment balance is reduced to its fair value. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Corning had investments in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method totaling $290 million and $296 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 Corning had sales to affiliated companies of $224 million, $211 million and $228 million, respectively. All equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method are measured at fair value with changes therein reflected in net income. The Company utilizes the measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and measures these investments at cost less impairment, plus or minus observable price changes in orderly transactions. These investments were not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Employee Retirement Plans Corning offers employee retirement plans consisting of defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic and international employees and postretirement plans that provide health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees and dependents. The costs and obligations related to these benefits reflect the Company’s assumptions related to general economic conditions, particularly interest rates, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increase for employees and health care cost trend rates. The cost of providing plan benefits depends on demographic assumptions including retirements, mortality, turnover and plan participation. Costs for defined benefit pension plans consist of two elements: (1) on-going costs recognized quarterly, which are comprised of service and interest costs, expected return on plan assets and amortization of prior service costs; and (2) mark-to-market gains and losses outside of the corridor, where the corridor is equal to 10% of the greater of the benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets at the beginning of the year, which are recognized annually in the fourth quarter of each year. These gains and losses result from changes in actuarial assumptions and the differences between actual and expected return on plan assets. Any interim remeasurement, triggered by a curtailment, settlement or significant plan change, as well as any true-up to the annual valuation, is recognized as a mark-to-market adjustment in the quarter in which such event occurs. Special termination benefit costs are recorded in the quarter in which the event occurs. Costs for postretirement benefit plans consist of on-going costs recognized quarterly, and are comprised of service and interest costs, amortization of prior service costs and amortization of actuarial gains and losses. Actuarial gains and losses resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity on an annual basis and amortized into operating results over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans, to the extent such gains and losses are outside the corridor. 67 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Valuation allowances are established when management is unable to conclude that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will ultimately be realized based upon the available evidence, including consideration of tax planning strategies. The effective tax rate reflects the assessment of the ultimate outcome of tax audits. In evaluating the tax benefits associated with the Company’s various tax filing positions, a tax benefit for uncertain tax positions is recorded using the highest cumulative tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized. Adjustments are made to the asset or liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the period in which the return containing the tax position is filed or when new information becomes available. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued penalties and interest, is included in other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and within income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income. Discrete events such as audit settlements or changes in tax laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Generally, Corning will indefinitely reinvest the foreign earnings of: (1) any subsidiary that lacks sufficient local statutory earnings from which to make a distribution or otherwise lacks the ability to repatriate its earnings, (2) any subsidiary where Corning’s intention is to reinvest those earnings in operations, (3) legal entities for which Corning holds a non-controlling interest, (4) any subsidiary with an accumulated deficit in earnings and profits, or (5) any subsidiary where a future distribution would trigger a significant net cost. Fair Value Measurements Major categories of financial assets and liabilities, including short-term investments, other assets and derivatives, are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when impaired, which include long-lived assets, goodwill, equity method investments, other investments and asset retirement obligations. Non-financial assets and liabilities or financial assets and liabilities other than derivatives measured at fair value either on a recurring or nonrecurring basis were not significant as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the principal, or most advantageous, market in which Corning would transact is analyzed. Assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of non-performance, are considered. A three-level valuation hierarchy, based upon the observable and unobservable inputs, is used for fair value measurements. Observable inputs are based on market data or independent sources while unobservable inputs are based on the Company’s own market assumptions. Once inputs have been characterized, the inputs are prioritized into one of three broad levels used to measure fair value: Level 1, quoted market prices in active markets for identical instruments, Level 2, significant other observable inputs and Level 3, significant unobservable inputs. Derivative Instruments The Company enters into a variety of foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange option contracts to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Financial exposure is managed in accordance with corporate policies and procedures. The Company also utilizes derivatives that are bifurcated from its precious metals lease contracts to manage the exposure of its separate accounting pool of leased precious metals to changes in market prices. The most significant foreign currency exposures relate to the Japanese yen, South Korean won, New Taiwan dollar, Chinese yuan, euro and the Mexican peso. Corning seeks to mitigate the impact of exchange rate movements in the consolidated statements of income by using over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative instruments including foreign exchange forward and option contracts. In general, the expirations of these contracts coincide with the timing of the underlying foreign currency commitments and transactions. Corning is exposed to potential losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to these derivative contracts. However, this risk is minimized by maintaining a portfolio with a diverse group of highly-rated major financial institutions. The Company does not expect to record any losses due to counterparty default. Neither the Company nor its counterparties are required to post collateral for these financial instruments. 68 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of these derivative contracts are recorded as either assets (gain position) or liabilities (loss position) on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are not recognized in current operating results but are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts related to cash flow hedges are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss when the underlying hedged item impacts earnings. This reclassification is recorded within the same line item of the consolidated statements of income where the underlying hedged transaction was recorded, typically sales, cost of sales or other (expense) income, net. Changes in the fair value, excluding the time value component, of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are recognized in current operating results within other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recognized within translated earnings contract gain, net and other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Designated Hedges Corning uses OTC foreign exchange forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, with maturities through 2027, to reduce the risk that movements in exchange rates will adversely affect the net cash flows resulting from the sale of products to customers and purchases from suppliers. Corning defers gains and losses related to the cash flow hedges into accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets until the hedged item impacts earnings. As of December 31, 2024, the amount expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is a pre-tax loss of $35 million. Corning has entered into leases of precious metals, with maturities through 2025. To offset the risk of changes in the fair value of the Company’s separate accounting pool of leased precious metals due to adverse changes in the respective market prices, Corning designated the bifurcated embedded derivatives included in these leases as fair value hedges. The gain or loss on the derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings. The amounts representing the time value component of the derivatives are excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and amortized in earnings. The impact of the excluded component is not material. Corning uses regression analysis or the critical term match method to assess initial hedge effectiveness. Following the inception of a hedging relationship, hedge effectiveness is assessed quarterly based on qualitative factors. Net Investment Hedges From time to time, Corning utilizes derivative and non-derivative net investment hedges to offset risk against investments in foreign subsidiaries with non-USD functional currencies. Changes in the value of these hedging instruments due to foreign currency gains or losses are deferred in other comprehensive loss on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, within the foreign currency translation adjustments and other line, and will remain in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged investment is sold or substantially liquidated. We evaluate the effectiveness of the net investment hedges each quarter using the critical terms match method. Undesignated Hedges Corning uses OTC foreign exchange forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes to offset foreign currency risks. The undesignated hedges limit exposure to foreign functional currency fluctuations related to certain subsidiaries’ monetary assets, monetary liabilities and net earnings in foreign currencies. A significant portion of the Company’s non-U.S. revenue and expenses are denominated in Japanese yen, South Korean won, New Taiwan dollar, Chinese yuan, euro and Mexican peso. When this revenue and these expenses are translated back to U.S. dollars, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange rate movements. To protect translated earnings against movements in these currencies, the Company has entered into a series of average rate forwards and option contracts. Most of these contracts hedge a significant portion of the Company’s exposure to the Chinese yuan, euro, Japanese yen and South Korean won. The Company has contracts through 2026 for the Chinese yuan and 2027 for the Japanese yen, euro and South Korean won. 69 Table of Contents 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) New Accounting Standards In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023- 09”). ASU 2023-09 enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and application may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that ASU 2023-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and application may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that ASU 2024-03 will have on our consolidated financial statements. 2. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits Corning periodically assesses the operating efficiency and cost structure of the Company’s asset base and global workforce and takes appropriate actions to align corporate resources with the business environment. The following table presents restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Severance $ 45 $ 187 $ 70 Capacity optimization 128 176 219 Other charges and credits 234 108 125 Total restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits $ 407 $ 471 $ 414 (1) Severance charges in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include $6 million and $20 million, respectively, in curtailment and special termination benefit charges. (2) Other charges and credits primarily include the recognition of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses related to the substantial liquidation and disposition of foreign entities, disposal costs and inventory write-downs. (3) Amounts impacting gross margin in the consolidated statements of income were $211 million, $283 million and $337 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Corning recorded $45 million in severance related charges and $128 million in non-cash asset write-offs, primarily associated with the closure of a display technologies manufacturing plant. In addition, the Company recorded $234 million in other charges and credits primarily related to $131 million of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses required to be recognized upon the substantial liquidation or disposition of foreign entities, which was recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income, and $49 million of non-cash charges in one of our Emerging Growth Businesses relating to a customer that recently entered into a multi-jurisdictional restructuring effort including insolvency filings in certain countries. These charges primarily relate to the full write-down of upfront payments made to the customer, which were determined to be nonrecoverable, and recorded as a charge to net sales in the consolidated statements of income. Remaining activity relates to disposal costs and inventory write-offs associated with the exit of certain facilities and product lines. As of December 31, 2024, the severance accrual of $34 million was reflected within other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and is expected to be substantially paid within the next twelve months. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Corning recorded $471 million in severance, asset write-offs and other related charges. Capacity optimization charges include asset write-offs associated with the exit of certain facilities, product lines and other exit activities primarily within Optical Communications, Specialty Materials and Life Sciences. Severance charges were recorded across all segments and as of December 31, 2023, the severance accrual of $118 million was reflected within other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Corning recorded $414 million in severance, accelerated depreciation, asset write-offs and other related charges. Capacity optimization charges include accelerated depreciation and asset write-offs associated with the exit of certain facilities, product lines and other exit activities primarily within Display Technologies, Specialty Materials and an emerging growth business. (1) (2) (3) 70 Table of Contents 3. Revenue Disaggregated Revenue The following table shows revenue by major product category, similar to the Company’s reportable segment disclosure. Within each product category, contract terms, conditions and economic factors affecting the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty around revenue recognition and cash flows are substantially similar. The commercial markets and selling channels are also similar. Except for an insignificant number of telecommunications products, product category revenues are recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer. The following table presents revenues by product category (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Telecommunication products $ 4,657 $ 4,012 $ 5,023 Display products 2,727 2,694 2,829 Specialty glass products 2,000 1,854 1,996 Environmental substrate and filter products 1,565 1,660 1,492 Life science products 933 922 1,187 Polycrystalline silicon products 865 1,014 1,191 All other products 371 432 471 Total Revenue $ 13,118 $ 12,588 $ 14,189 Customer Deposits As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Corning had customer deposits of approximately $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. Most of these customer deposits were non-refundable and allowed customers to secure rights to products produced by Corning under long-term supply agreements, generally over a period of up to 10 years. As products are delivered to customers, Corning will recognize revenue and reduce the amount of the customer deposit liability. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, customer deposits recognized were $195 million, $103 million and $198 million, respectively. Refer to Note 9 (Other Assets and Other Liabilities) for additional information. Deferred Revenue As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Corning had deferred revenue of approximately $833 million and $860 million, respectively. Deferred revenue was primarily related to the performance obligations of non-refundable consideration previously received by HSG from its customers under long term supply agreements. Deferred revenue is tracked on a per-customer contract-unit basis. As customers take delivery of the committed volumes under the terms of the contract, a per- unit amount of deferred revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer based upon the units delivered compared to the remaining contractual units. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the amount of deferred revenue recognized in the consolidated statements of income was not material. Refer to Note 9 (Other Assets and Other Liabilities) for additional information. 71 Table of Contents 4. Inventories Inventories consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Finished goods $ 1,323 $ 1,242 Work in process 547 551 Raw materials and accessories 413 445 Supplies and packing materials 441 428 Inventories $ 2,724 $ 2,666 5. Leases The following table presents the components of lease cost (in millions) : Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Operating lease cost $ 170 $ 171 $ 147 Variable lease cost 55 57 51 Short-term lease cost 3 2 2 Total lease cost $ 228 $ 230 $ 200 (1) Finance lease costs were not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents the components of cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (in millions) : December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 139 $ 153 $ 116 (1) Cash payments for operating leases have been classified as operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Principal and interest payments for finance leases have been classified as financing activities and operating activities, respectively, on the consolidated statements of cash flows, and were not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents supplemental consolidated balance sheet information (in millions, except lease term and discount rate) : December 31, Location of lease balances 2024 2023 Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets $ 796 $ 883 Operating lease liabilities - current Other accrued liabilities $ 95 $ 112 Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent Other liabilities $ 785 $ 846 Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 13.2 13.6 Weighted-average discount rate 4.5 % 4.4 % (1) Finance leases were not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. (1) (1) (1) 72 Table of Contents 5. Leases (Continued) As of December 31, 2024, maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows (in millions) : December 31, 2024 2025 $ 129 2026 $ 109 2027 $ 92 2028 $ 82 2029 $ 81 After 2029 $ 697 Total operating payments $ 1,190 Less: imputed discount $ 310 Present value of lease payments $ 880 (1) Finance leases were not material as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, Corning had additional operating leases, primarily for new production equipment, that have not yet commenced or been recorded, of approximately $138 million on an undiscounted basis. These operating leases will commence in 2025 with lease terms of four years. On March 12, 2024, Corning entered into a synthetic lease (“Facility Lease”) for a solar manufacturing facility in Hemlock, Michigan (the “Facility”), for which the Company is the construction agent on behalf of the lessor, with an estimated construction cost of approximately $835 million. The Facility Lease will commence upon completion of construction of the Facility, which is expected to be in the later part of 2025, and has a lease term of five years with options to renew the lease or purchase the facility. The Facility Lease is expected to be classified as a finance lease and the amount of right-of-use asset and lease liability will be determined and recorded upon lease commencement. The estimated undiscounted lease payments, inclusive of a residual value guarantee, are approximately $1.1 billion, of which $24 million, $92 million, $88 million, $85 million and $82 million is to be paid in 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029, respectively, and $685 million is to be paid thereafter. In conjunction with the Facility Lease, Corning entered into an equipment lease (“Equipment Lease”) on June 17, 2024, with an estimated purchase and installation cost of $365 million, for the equipment to be installed and operated within the Facility. The Company is the procurement and installation agent on behalf of the lessor. The Equipment Lease will commence upon completion of the equipment installation, which is expected to be in the later part of 2025, and has a lease term of five years with obligations to purchase the equipment at lease maturity. The Equipment Lease is expected to be classified as a finance lease and the amount of right-of-use asset and lease liability will be determined and recorded upon lease commencement. The estimated undiscounted lease payments are approximately $434 million, of which $24 million, $95 million, $90 million, $85 million and $81 million is to be paid in 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029, respectively, and $59 million is to be paid thereafter. (1) 73 Table of Contents 6. Income Taxes The following table presents the components of income before income taxes (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 U.S. companies $ 303 $ 105 $ 1,157 Non-U.S. companies 510 711 640 Income before income taxes $ 813 $ 816 $ 1,797 The following table presents the current and deferred amounts of the provision for income taxes, based on the location of the taxing authority (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current: Federal $ (77) $ (82) $ (191) State and municipal (6) (13) (16) Foreign (171) (148) (250) Deferred: Federal 63 76 52 State and municipal 6 7 8 Foreign (36) (8) (14) Provision for income taxes $ (221) $ (168) $ (411) The following table presents the reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate: Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income tax provision (benefit), net of federal effect 0.2 (0.3) 0.7 Non-deductible Items 9.1 5.2 0.5 Release of cumulative translation losses 6.0 Audit settlements & change in reserve 4.8 4.8 3.7 Differential arising from foreign earnings 1.6 0.3 2.2 Remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities (0.8) (0.3) (0.1) Stock compensation (0.9) (2.1) (0.8) Valuation allowance (2.3) 5.7 2.1 Foreign derived intangible income (2.7) (2.3) (2.7) Tax credits (3.9) (6.9) (3.3) Non-Taxable Items (5.6) (4.0) Intercompany loan adjustment 0.6 Other items, net 0.7 (0.5) (1.0) Effective tax rate 27.2 % 20.6 % 22.9 % (1) Includes impact of intercompany asset sales. (1) 74 Table of Contents 6. Income Taxes (Continued) During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company distributed $600 million from foreign subsidiaries to their respective U.S. parent companies. As of December 31, 2024, Corning has approximately $1.6 billion of indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings. It remains impracticable to calculate the tax cost of repatriating unremitted earnings which are considered indefinitely reinvested. The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Loss and tax credit carryforwards $ 218 $ 275 Other assets 246 245 Research and development capitalization 428 362 Asset impairments and restructuring reserves 32 43 Postretirement medical and life benefits 90 103 Other accrued liabilities 375 319 Other employee benefits 291 344 Gross deferred tax assets 1,680 1,691 Valuation allowances (173) (207) Total deferred tax assets 1,507 1,484 Intangible and other assets (110) (117) Fixed assets (212) (223) Finance leases (192) (209) Total deferred tax liabilities (514) (549) Net deferred tax assets $ 993 $ 935 (1) The Company also has Luxembourg deferred tax asset net operating losses of up to $2.9 billion that have a remote possibility of realization and therefore, are not recognized in the deferred tax table above. Net deferred tax assets on the consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets $ 1,130 $ 1,153 Other liabilities (137) (218) Net deferred tax assets $ 993 $ 935 The following table presents details of the deferred tax assets for loss and tax credit carryforwards (in millions): Expiration Total 2025-2029 2030-2034 2035-2044 Indefinite Net operating losses $ 213 $ 50 $ 16 $ 25 $ 122 Tax credits 5 1 4 Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 218 $ 51 $ 20 $ 25 $ 122 The following table presents the changes in the deferred tax valuation allowance (in millions): 2024 2023 2022 Balance as of January 1 $ 207 $ 166 $ 138 Additions 26 66 81 Reductions (60) (25) (53) Balance as of December 31 $ 173 $ 207 $ 166 (1) (1) 75 Table of Contents 6. Income Taxes (Continued) The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (in millions): 2024 2023 2022 Balance as of January 1 $ 373 $ 206 $ 178 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 41 54 10 Additions for tax positions of prior years 6 127 24 Reductions for tax positions of prior years (6) (3) (5) Settlements and lapse of statute of limitations (3) (11) (1) Balance as of December 31 $ 411 $ 373 $ 206 During 2020, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) opened an audit for tax years 2015-2018. In addition, during 2023, the IRS opened an audit for tax years 2019-2020. The Company does not expect additional material exposure for the tax years under audit. However, if upon conclusion of these matters, the ultimate determination of taxes owed is for an amount materially different than the current position, the overall tax expense and effective tax rate could be materially impacted in the period of adjustment. The additions for tax positions of prior years were primarily due to tax audits, development of tax court cases and tax law changes in various jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2024, unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized were $203 million. Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the amount recognized was not material. It is possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change due to one or more of the following events during the next twelve months: audit activity, tax payments, or final decisions in matters that are the subject of controversy in various jurisdictions. The Company believes that adequate tax reserves are provided for these matters. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is not expecting any significant movements in the uncertain tax benefits in the next twelve months. Corning Incorporated, as the common parent company, and all 80%-or-more-owned of its U.S. subsidiaries join in the filing of consolidated U.S. federal income tax returns. The statute of limitations is closed for all periods ending through December 31, 2013. All returns for periods ended through December 31, 2014, have been audited by and settled with the IRS. Corning Incorporated and its U.S. subsidiaries file income tax returns on a combined, unitary or stand-alone basis in multiple state and local jurisdictions, which generally have statutes of limitations ranging from 3 to 5 years. Various state income tax returns are currently in the process of examination or administrative appeal. The Company does not expect any material proposed adjustments from any of these audits. Corning’s foreign subsidiaries file income tax returns in the countries where their operations are located. Generally, these countries have statutes of limitations ranging from 3 to 10 years. The statute of limitations is closed through the following years in these major jurisdictions: China (2015), Japan (2017), Taiwan (2019) and South Korea (2015). Corning Precision Materials, a South Korean subsidiary, is currently appealing certain tax assessments and tax refund claims for tax years 2010 through 2019. The Company was required to deposit the disputed tax amounts with the South Korean government as a condition of its appeal of any tax assessment. During 2023, $99 million was no longer under dispute and was refunded to the Company. The non-current receivable balance was $253 million and $261 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, for the amount on deposit with the South Korean government. Corning believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will prevail in the appeals process relating to these matters. 76 Table of Contents 7. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Land $ 375 $ 412 Buildings 5,650 5,931 Equipment 20,007 20,896 Construction in progress 1,819 1,944 Subtotal 27,851 29,183 Accumulated depreciation (14,492) (14,553) Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation $ 13,359 $ 14,630 (1) Manufacturing equipment includes certain components of production equipment that are constructed of precious metals. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying value of precious metals was $2.8 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, and significantly lower than the fair market value. Depletion expense for precious metals for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $29 million, $35 million and $27 million, respectively. (2) Approximately $31 million, $40 million and $48 million of interest costs were capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (in millions): Optical Communications Display Technologies Specialty Materials Life Sciences Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 905 $ 121 $ 151 $ 606 $ 611 $ 2,394 Foreign currency translation adjustment and other (1) (2) 1 (12) (14) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 904 $ 119 $ 151 $ 607 $ 599 $ 2,380 Acquired goodwill 11 11 Foreign currency translation adjustment and other (14) (9) (14) (1) 10 (28) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 890 $ 121 $ 137 $ 606 $ 609 $ 2,363 As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Corning’s gross goodwill balance was $8.9 billion and accumulated impairment losses were $6.5 billion. Accumulated impairment losses were generated primarily through goodwill impairments related to the Optical Communications segment. Other Intangible Assets, Net Other intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Gross Accumulated amortization Net Gross Accumulated amortization Net Amortized intangible assets: Patents, trademarks & trade names $ 407 $ 266 $ 141 $ 493 $ 318 $ 175 Customer lists and other 1,391 780 611 1,464 734 730 Other intangible assets, net $ 1,798 $ 1,046 $ 752 $ 1,957 $ 1,052 $ 905 (1) Other consists of intangible assets related to developed technologies and intellectual know-how. (1) (2) (1) 77 Table of Contents 8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Continued) Corning’s amortized intangible assets are primarily related to Optical Communications, Life Sciences and certain businesses within Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses. The net carrying amount of intangible assets decreased during the year, primarily driven by amortization of $121 million. Annual amortization expense is expected to be approximately $118 million, $98 million, $95 million, $88 million and $69 million for years 2025 through 2029, respectively. 9. Other Assets and Other Liabilities Other assets consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Current assets: Derivative instruments (Note 13) $ 619 $ 501 Other current assets 828 694 Other current assets $ 1,447 $ 1,195 Non-current assets: Derivative instruments (Note 13) $ 360 $ 130 South Korean tax deposits (Note 6) 253 261 Operating leases (Note 5) 796 883 Investments 394 414 Other non-current assets 336 532 Other assets $ 2,139 $ 2,220 Other liabilities consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Current liabilities: Wages and employee benefits $ 883 $ 609 Income taxes (Note 6) 109 69 Derivative instruments (Note 13) 348 66 Deferred revenue (Note 3) 190 181 Customer deposits (Note 3) 127 148 Short-term operating leases (Note 5) 95 112 Other current liabilities 1,369 1,348 Other accrued liabilities $ 3,121 $ 2,533 Non-current liabilities: Defined benefit pension plan liabilities (Note 11) $ 529 $ 721 Derivative instruments (Note 13) 273 31 Deferred revenue (Note 3) 643 679 Customer deposits (Note 3) 983 1,083 Deferred tax liabilities (Note 6) 137 218 Long-term operating leases (Note 5) 785 846 Other non-current liabilities 1,175 1,131 Other liabilities $ 4,525 $ 4,709 78 Table of Contents 10. Debt Debt consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Long-term debt Debentures, 6.85%, due 2029 $ 156 $ 157 Debentures, 7.25%, due 2036 249 249 Debentures, 4.70%, due 2037 297 296 Debentures, 5.75%, due 2040 397 396 Debentures, 4.75%, due 2042 497 497 Debentures, 5.35%, due 2048 545 545 Debentures, 3.90%, due 2049 396 395 Debentures, 4.375%, due 2057 743 743 Debentures, 5.85%, due 2068 297 297 Debentures, 5.45%, due 2079 1,087 1,086 Yen-denominated debentures, 0.698%, due 2024 149 Yen-denominated debentures, 0.722%, due 2025 64 71 Yen-denominated debentures, 0.992%, due 2027 236 263 Yen-denominated debentures, 1.043%, due 2028 163 181 Yen-denominated debentures, 1.219%, due 2030 159 177 Yen-denominated debentures, 1.153%, due 2031 198 221 Yen-denominated debentures, 1.583%, due 2037 63 71 Yen-denominated debentures, 1.513%, due 2039 37 41 Euro-denominated notes, 3.875%, due 2026 311 330 Euro-denominated notes, 4.125%, due 2031 568 602 Financing Leases, average discount rate 4.5%, due through 2044 174 195 Other, average rate 3.61%, due through 2042 575 564 Total long-term debt, including current portion 7,211 7,526 Less current portion of long-term debt 326 320 Long-term debt $ 6,885 $ 7,206 Based on borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of long-term debt was $6.4 billion and $7.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, compared to recorded book values of $6.9 billion and $7.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company measures the fair value of its long-term debt using Level 2 inputs based primarily on current market yields for its existing debt traded in the secondary market. Corning did not have outstanding commercial paper as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Corning’s existing revolving credit agreement provides a committed $1.5 billion unsecured multi-currency line of credit which is scheduled to mature in 2027. There were no outstanding amounts under this facility as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Corning is the obligor to Chinese yuan-denominated unsecured variable rate loan facilities, whose proceeds are used for capital investment and general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, amounts outstanding under these facilities totaled $314 million and $293 million, respectively, and these facilities had variable interest rates ranging from 2.8% to 3.9% and 3.2% to 4.1%, respectively, and maturities ranging from 2025 to 2032. As of December 31, 2024, Corning had 0.2 billion Chinese yuan of unused capacity, equivalent to approximately $31 million. 79 Table of Contents 10. Debt (Continued) The following table presents debt maturities by year as of December 31, 2024 (in millions) : 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter $ 326 $ 383 $ 290 $ 193 $ 197 $ 5,910 (1) Excludes impact of bond discounts and deferred expenses and includes obligations relating to finance leases that have commenced. For the estimated undiscounted lease payments associated with leases entered into but not yet commenced, refer to Note 5 (Leases) for additional information. In 2024, the Company entered into various cross currency swap contracts to economically lock in unrealized foreign exchange gains relating to a portion of the Company’s Japanese yen-denominated debt due in 2027 and 2028. Refer to Note 13 (Financial Instruments) for additional information. Debt Issuances and Redemptions During the year ended December 31, 2024, Corning repaid ¥21.0 billion (equivalent to $143 million) aggregate principal amount of its 0.698% debentures due 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Corning repurchased a total of ¥14.7 billion (equivalent to $100 million) of debt comprised of ¥9.8 billion aggregate principal amount of its 0.992% debentures due 2027 and ¥4.9 billion aggregate principal amount of its 1.043% debentures due 2028. The repurchase transactions resulted in an insignificant gain in the current period. On May 15, 2023, the Company issued €300 million 3.875% Notes due 2026 (“2026 Notes”) and €550 million 4.125% Notes due 2031 (“2031 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes were received in euros and converted to U.S. dollars on the date of issuance. The net proceeds received were approximately $918 million and will be used for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the U.S. dollar equivalent carrying value of the euro-denominated long-term debt was $879 million and $932 million, respectively. The full amounts of the 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes have been designated as net investment hedges against our investments in certain European subsidiaries with euro functional currencies. Refer to Note 13 (Financial Instruments) for additional information. 11. Employee Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Plans Corning has defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic and international employees. The Company may contribute, as necessary, an amount exceeding the minimum requirements to achieve the Company’s long-term funding targets. During the year ended December 31, 2024, no voluntary cash contributions were made to domestic plans and cash contributions of $9 million were made to international pension plans. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no voluntary cash contributions were made to domestic plans and cash contributions of $25 million were made to international defined benefit plans. In 2025, the Company plans to make cash contributions of $10 million to international pension plans. Corning offers postretirement plans that provide health care and life insurance benefits for retirees and eligible dependents. Certain employees may become eligible for such postretirement benefits upon reaching retirement age and service requirements. In 2024 and 2023, no voluntary cash contributions were made to domestic postretirement plans. For current retirees (including surviving spouses) and active employees eligible for the salaried retiree medical program, Corning has placed a “cap” on the amount to be contributed toward retiree medical coverage in the future. The cap is equal to 120% of the 2005 contributions toward retiree medical benefits. Once contributions toward salaried retiree medical costs reach this cap, impacted retirees will have to pay the excess amount in addition to their regular contributions for coverage. This cap was attained for post-65 retirees in 2008 and attained for pre-65 retirees in 2010. Furthermore, employees hired or rehired on or after January 1, 2007 will be eligible for Corning retiree medical benefits upon retirement; however, these employees will pay 100% of the cost. (1) 80 Table of Contents 11. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued) Obligations and Funded Status The following table presents the change in benefit obligation and the funded status of the defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans (in millions): Domestic pension benefits International pension benefits Postretirement benefits 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 3,311 $ 3,182 $ 578 $ 549 $ 425 $ 434 Service cost 79 80 20 18 3 5 Interest cost 165 168 20 20 19 23 Plan participants’ contributions 9 9 Plan amendments (26) Actuarial (gain) loss (100) 89 (17) 9 (32) (7) Divestiture (1) (3) Other 6 14 (8) (3) 1 Benefits paid (241) (222) (31) (25) (33) (40) Foreign currency translation (36) 10 Benefit obligation at end of year $ 3,220 $ 3,311 $ 525 $ 578 $ 362 $ 425 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 2,760 $ 2,683 $ 405 $ 381 $ — $ 5 Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 303 281 (6) 10 Employer contributions 20 18 17 32 24 26 Plan participants’ contributions 9 9 Benefits paid (241) (222) (28) (25) (33) (40) Foreign currency translation (26) 7 Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 2,842 $ 2,760 $ 362 $ 405 $ — $ — Funded status at end of year Fair value of plan assets $ 2,842 $ 2,760 $ 362 $ 405 $ — $ — Benefit obligations (3,220) (3,311) (525) (578) (362) (425) Funded status of plans $ (378) $ (551) $ (163) $ (173) $ (362) $ (425) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of: Noncurrent asset $ 16 $ 24 Current liability $ (18) $ (17) (7) (8) $ (27) $ (27) Noncurrent liability (360) (534) (172) (189) (335) (398) Recognized liability $ (378) $ (551) $ (163) $ (173) $ (362) $ (425) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of: Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 64 $ 259 $ 12 $ 10 $ (220) $ (212) Prior service cost (credit) 29 34 (29) (10) Amounts recognized at end of year $ 93 $ 293 $ 12 $ 10 $ (249) $ (222) (1) Other consists of domestic plan special termination benefits charge and curtailment and international plan settlements. Refer to Note 2 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits) in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information. (1) 81 Table of Contents 11. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued) Across total pension benefits, an actuarial gain of $0.1 billion was recognized in 2024 primarily due to increases in bond yields during the year, leading to domestic plan weighted-average discount rates that were 51 basis points higher than 2023, partially offset by international plan weighted-average discount rates that were 20 basis points lower than 2023. In 2023, an actuarial loss of $0.1 billion was recognized primarily due to decreases in bond yields during the year, leading to domestic and international plan weighted-average discount rates that were 34 and 16 basis points lower, respectively, than 2022. The accumulated benefit obligation for defined benefit pension plans was $3.6 billion and $3.7 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, postretirement benefits actuarial gains of $32 million and $7 million, respectively, were recognized. The increase in actuarial gain recognized is primarily due to changes in weighted-average discount rates in response to bond yields during the year. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the changes in weighted-average discount rates were an increase of 42 basis points and a decrease of 34 basis points, respectively. The following table presents information for pension plans where the projected benefit obligation or the accumulated benefit obligation exceeded the fair value of plan assets (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 Projected benefit obligation $ 3,432 $ 3,540 Fair value of plan assets $ 2,875 $ 2,791 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 494 $ 3,376 Fair value of plan assets $ 33 $ 2,791 The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit expense (income) for employee retirement plans, which other than the service cost component is recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income (in millions): Domestic pension benefits International pension benefits Postretirement benefits 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Service cost $ 79 $ 80 $ 105 $ 20 $ 18 $ 22 $ 3 $ 5 $ 9 Interest cost 165 168 98 20 20 11 19 23 15 Expected return on plan assets (179) (176) (210) (16) (13) (9) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 6 6 6 (1) (7) (5) (5) Amortization of actuarial gain (24) (22) (5) Recognition of actuarial (gain) loss (31) (16) 29 6 1 8 Total net periodic benefit expense (income) $ 40 $ 62 $ 28 $ 30 $ 26 $ 31 $ (9) $ 1 $ 14 Settlement charge $ 2 Curtailment charge $ 3 Special termination benefit charge $ 6 15 $ 2 $ 1 Total expense (income) $ 46 $ 80 $ 30 $ 30 $ 26 $ 33 $ (9) $ 2 $ 14 Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive loss: Curtailment effects $ (1) $ (4) Settlements $ 11 Current year actuarial (gain) loss (225) (16) $ 16 $ 5 $ 14 (27) $ (32) $ (8) $ (209) Amortization of actuarial (loss) gain (9) 24 22 5 Recognition of actuarial gain (loss) 31 16 (29) 2 1 20 Current year prior service cost (credit) 28 (26) Amortization of prior service (cost) credit (6) (6) (6) 1 7 5 5 Total recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income $ (201) $ (10) $ 9 $ (2) $ 15 $ 5 $ (27) $ 19 $ (199) 82 Table of Contents 11. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued) Corning uses a hypothetical yield curve and associated spot rate curve to discount the plan’s projected benefit payments. Once the present value of projected benefit payments is calculated, the suggested discount rate is equal to the level rate that results in the same present value. The yield curve is based on actual high-quality corporate bonds across the full maturity spectrum, which also includes private placements and eurobonds that are denominated in U.S. currency. The curve is developed from yields on hundreds of bonds from four grading sources, Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and the Dominion Bond Rating Service. A bond will be included if at least half of the grades from these sources are Aa, non-callable bonds. The very highest 10% yields and the lowest 40% yields are excluded from the curve to eliminate outliers in the bond population. Mortality is one of the key assumptions used in valuing liabilities of retirement plans. It is used to assign a probability of payment for benefits that are contingent upon participants’ survival. To make this assumption, benefit plan sponsors typically use a base mortality table and an improvement scale to mortality rates for future anticipated changes to historical death rates. Corning uses the base mortality assumption (PRI-2012 white collar table and PRI-2012 blue collar table for non-union and union participants, respectively) to value its U.S. benefit plan obligation. In addition, Corning uses the MP-2020 projection scale and the mortality assumption applied to disabled participants (PRI-2012 disabled mortality base table with future improvements using MP-2020). As the Society of Actuaries publishes additional mortality improvement scales and base mortality tables, Corning considers these revised schedules in setting its mortality assumptions. Measurement of postretirement benefit expense is based on assumptions used to value the postretirement benefit obligation at the beginning of the year. The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Pension benefits Domestic International Postretirement benefits 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Discount rate 5.67 % 5.16 % 5.50 % 2.10 % 2.30 % 2.46 % 5.66 % 5.24 % 5.58 % Rate of compensation increase 3.50 % 3.97 % 3.48 % 2.61 % 3.74 % 3.73 % Cash balance crediting rate 4.44 % 4.22 % 4.14 % 0.93 % 0.82 % 0.82 % Employee contributions crediting rate 5.10 % 5.25 % 4.62 % The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit expense (income): Pension benefits Domestic International Postretirement benefits 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Discount rate 5.16 % 5.50 % 2.88 % 2.30 % 2.46 % 1.20 % 5.24 % 5.58 % 2.99 % Expected return on plan assets 6.75 % 6.75 % 6.00 % 4.34 % 3.85 % 1.64 % Rate of compensation increase 3.98 % 3.87 % 3.50 % 3.74 % 3.73 % 3.63 % Cash balance crediting rate 4.21 % 3.86 % 3.86 % 0.82 % 0.82 % 0.91 % Employee contributions crediting rate 5.25 % 4.62 % 1.57 % The following table presents the assumed health care trend rates: Assumed health care trend rates as of December 31 2024 2023 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year (pre-65 / post-65 retirees) 7.00% / 7.00% 6.75% / 14.75% Ultimate health care trend rate 5 % 5 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2033 2031 83 Table of Contents 11. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued) Plan Assets The Company’s primary objective is to ensure the plan has sufficient return on assets to fund the plan’s current and future obligations as they become due. Investments are primarily made in public securities to ensure adequate liquidity to support benefit payments. Corning has a diversification to the portfolio through the investment in domestic stocks. The target allocation range equity investment is 50% which includes large, mid and small-cap companies and investments in developed markets. The target allocation for bond investments is 50%, which includes corporate bonds. Long-duration fixed income assets are utilized to mitigate the sensitivity of funding ratios to changes in interest rates. The following table presents the fair values of domestic defined benefit and post-retirement benefit plan assets, by asset category (in millions): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Equity securities: U.S. companies $ 1,261 $ 1,261 $ 1,260 $ 9 $ 1,251 International companies Fixed income: U.S. treasury bonds 294 $ 294 204 204 U.S. corporate bonds 876 876 946 946 Preferred securities 1 1 Private equity Real estate 2 $ 2 3 $ 3 Cash equivalents 409 357 52 346 339 7 Total $ 2,842 $ 651 $ 2,189 $ 2 $ 2,760 $ 552 $ 2,205 $ 3 (1) This category includes venture capital, leverage buyouts and distressed debt limited partnerships invested primarily in U.S. companies. The inputs are valued by discounted cash flow analysis and comparable sale analysis. (2) This category includes industrial, office, apartments, hotels, infrastructure and retail investments which are limited partnerships predominately in the U.S. The inputs are valued by discounted cash flow analysis; comparable sale analysis and periodic external appraisals. The following table presents the fair values of international defined benefit plan assets, by asset category (in millions): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed income: International fixed income $ 94 $ 94 $ 96 $ 96 Insurance contracts 167 $ 167 195 $ 195 Mortgages 33 33 43 43 Cash equivalents 52 52 59 59 Other 16 16 12 12 Total $ 362 $ 146 $ — $ 216 $ 405 $ 155 $ — $ 250 (1) (2) 84 Table of Contents 11. Employee Retirement Plans (Continued) The following table presents the changes in the fair value of the defined benefit plans’ Level 3 assets (in millions): Domestic International Private equity Real estate Mortgages Insurance contracts Other Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 24 $ 7 $ 42 $ 192 $ 11 Actual return on plan assets relating to assets still held at the reporting date (12) 1 Actual return on plan assets relating to assets sold during the reporting period Asset (sales) purchases (12) (4) 3 1 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ — $ 3 $ 43 $ 195 $ 12 Actual return on plan assets relating to assets still held at the reporting date 2 Actual return on plan assets relating to assets sold during the reporting period Asset (sales) purchases (1) (12) (1) 4 Change in insurance contract valuation (27) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ — $ 2 $ 33 $ 167 $ 16 Credit Risk 41% of domestic plan assets are invested in bonds with an average credit rating of AA-. These bonds are subject to both credit and default risk and changes in the risk could lead to a decline in the value of these bonds. Liquidity Risk Less than 1% of the domestic securities are invested in Level 3 securities. These are long-term investments in private equity and private real estate investments that may not mature or be sellable in the near-term without significant loss. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amount of Corning common stock included in equity securities was not significant. Cash Flow Data The following table presents the gross benefit payments expected to be paid for domestic and international defined benefit pension plans and the postretirement medical and life plans (in millions): Expected benefit payments Domestic pension benefits International pension benefits Postretirement benefits 2025 $ 253 $ 28 $ 27 2026 $ 255 $ 37 $ 27 2027 $ 266 $ 34 $ 28 2028 $ 268 $ 37 $ 28 2029 $ 270 $ 38 $ 28 2030-2034 $ 1,283 $ 204 $ 139 Other Benefit Plans Corning offers defined contribution plans covering employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. Total consolidated defined contribution plan expense was $110 million, $118 million and $117 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 85 Table of Contents 12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees Guarantees The Company is required, at the time a guarantee is issued, to recognize a liability for the fair value or market value of the obligation it assumes. In the normal course of business, the Company does not routinely provide significant third-party guarantees. Generally, third-party guarantees provided by Corning are limited to certain financial guarantees, including stand-by letters of credit and performance bonds, and the incurrence of contingent liabilities in the form of purchase price adjustments related to attainment of milestones. These guarantees have various terms and none of these guarantees are individually significant. The Company believes a significant majority of these guarantees and contingent liabilities will expire without being funded. Purchase Commitments Purchase obligations are enforceable and legally binding obligations. The Company has purchase commitments primarily for raw materials and energy-related take-or-pay contracts. Commitments made under these obligations as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in millions): Amount of commitment expiration per period Less than 1 year 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years 5 years and thereafter Purchase obligations $ 285 $ 204 $ 124 $ 428 Litigation, Environmental and Indemnifications Corning is a defendant in various lawsuits and is subject to various claims that arise in the normal course of business, the most significant of which are summarized below. In the opinion of management, the likelihood that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse effect on Corning’s consolidated financial position, liquidity, or results of operations, is remote. Dow Corning Chapter 11 Related Matters Until June 1, 2016, Corning and The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) each owned 50% of the common stock of Dow Corning Corporation (“Dow Corning”). On May 31, 2016, Corning and Dow realigned their ownership interest in Dow Corning. Following the realignment, Corning no longer owned any interest in Dow Corning. With the realignment, Corning agreed to indemnify Dow for 50% of Dow Corning’s non-ordinary course, pre-closing liabilities to the extent such liabilities exceed the amounts reserved for them by Dow Corning as of May 31, 2016, subject to certain conditions and limits. In January 2024, we entered into an agreement to settle the Dow Corning Chapter 11 Related Matters and the settlement amount was not material. Dow Corning Environmental Claims Beginning in September 2019, Dow formally notified Corning of certain environmental matters for which Dow asserts that it has or will experience losses arising from remediation and response at a number of sites. Subject to certain conditions and limits, Corning may be required to indemnify Dow for up to 50% of such losses. As of December 31, 2024, Corning has determined that a potential liability for these environmental matters is probable and the amount reserved was not material. Environmental Litigation Corning has been designated by federal or state governments under environmental laws, including Superfund, as a potentially responsible party that may be liable for cleanup costs associated with 20 hazardous waste sites. It is Corning’s policy to accrue for its estimated liability related to such hazardous waste sites and other environmental liabilities related to property owned by Corning based on expert analysis and continual monitoring by both internal and external consultants. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Corning had accrued approximately $78 million and $88 million, respectively, for the estimated undiscounted liability for environmental cleanup and related litigation. Based upon the information developed to date, management believes that the accrued reserve is a reasonable estimate of the Company’s liability. 86 Table of Contents 13. Financial Instruments The following table summarizes the notional amounts and respective fair values of Corning’s derivative financial instruments on a gross basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions): December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Notional amount Fair value asset Fair value liability Notional amount Fair value asset Fair value liability Derivatives designated as hedging instruments : Foreign exchange and precious metals lease contracts $ 928 $ 106 $ (69) $ 241 $ 287 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange contracts 2,339 14 (77) 1,988 20 $ (17) Translated earnings contracts 9,817 859 (327) 5,042 324 (80) Cross currency swap contracts 439 (148) Total derivatives $ 13,523 $ 979 $ (621) $ 7,271 $ 631 $ (97) Current $ 619 $ (348) $ 501 $ (66) Non-current 360 (273) 130 (31) Total derivatives $ 979 $ (621) $ 631 $ (97) (1) All of the Company’s derivative contracts are measured at fair value and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Derivative assets are presented in other current assets or other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Derivative liabilities are presented in other accrued liabilities or other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. (2) The amounts above do not include €850 million of euro-denominated debt ($879 million and $932 million equivalent as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively), which is a non-derivative financial instrument designated as a net investment hedge. (3) As of December 31, 2024, derivatives designated as hedging instruments include foreign exchange cash flow hedges with gross notional amounts of $928 million and fair value hedges of leased precious metals with a gross notional amount of 12,694 troy ounces. As of December 31, 2023, derivatives designated as hedging instruments include foreign exchange cash flow hedges with gross notional amounts of $241 million and fair value hedges of leased precious metals with a gross notional amount of 20,160 troy ounces. Fair value assets include designated derivatives pertaining to precious metals lease contracts in the amounts of $104 million and $229 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (4) The Company has deferred payments associated with its purchased option contracts that are classified as non-derivative liabilities and will be settled by the end of the option contract term. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $141 million and $172 million recorded in other accrued liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. The following table summarizes the total gross notional value for translated earnings contracts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 Average rate forward contracts: Chinese yuan-denominated $ 864 $ 684 Japanese yen-denominated 259 463 South Korean won-denominated 1,151 1,609 New Taiwan dollar-denominated 503 198 Euro-denominated 1,538 Mexican peso-denominated 320 Option contracts: Japanese yen-denominated 4,997 2,088 Euro-denominated 185 Total gross notional value for translated earning contracts $ 9,817 $ 5,042 (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) 87 Table of Contents 13. Financial Instruments (Continued) The following tables summarize the effect in the consolidated statements of income relating to Corning’s derivative financial instruments (in millions). The accumulated derivative (loss) gain included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is $(11) million and $54 million, respectively. (Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income effective (ineffective) Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Derivatives hedging relationships for cash flow and fair value hedges: Foreign exchange and precious metals lease contracts $ (18) $ 81 $ 52 Net sales $ 52 Cost of sales $ 47 $ 49 32 Other (expense) income, net (1) (3) (3) Total cash flow and fair value hedges $ (18) $ 81 $ 52 $ 46 $ 46 $ 81 (Loss) gain recognized in income Undesignated derivatives 2024 2023 2022 Location of gain recognized in income Foreign exchange contracts $ (80) $ 26 $ 46 Other (expense) income, net Translated earnings contracts 83 161 351 Translated earnings contract gain, net Cross currency swap contracts (15) Other (expense) income, net Total undesignated $ (12) $ 187 $ 397 Cross Currency Swap Contracts Since inception of the Company’s Japanese yen-denominated debt, the Japanese yen has weakened and the U.S. dollar value of these liabilities has decreased, generating unrealized foreign exchange gains that have been recognized over time in the consolidated statements of income. In 2024, to economically lock in unrealized foreign exchange gains, the Company entered into various cross currency swap contracts relating to a portion of the Company’s Japanese yen- denominated debt due in 2027 and 2028. The cross currency swap contracts have expiration dates in 2027 and 2028. At inception of these instruments, Corning received a net from the counterparties, representing an exchange of the notional amounts at a fixed foreign exchange rate of Japanese yen to U.S. dollar and was initially recorded as a derivative liability. The net payments received were $134 million and as of December 31, 2024, the fair value of this derivative liability is $148 million. Net Investment Hedges In May 2023, Corning designated the full amount of its euro-denominated 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes with a total notional amount of €850 million, which are non-derivative financial instruments, as net investment hedges against our investments in certain European subsidiaries with euro functional currencies. As of December 31, 2024, the net investment hedges are deemed to be effective. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, foreign currency gains of $55 million and foreign currency losses of $5 million, respectively, associated with these net investment hedges were recognized in other comprehensive income. Leased Precious Metals Contracts The carrying amount of the leased precious metals pool, which is included within property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation in the consolidated balance sheets, is $58 million and $90 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The carrying amount of the leased precious metals pool includes cumulative fair value loss of $108 million and $239 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These losses are offset by changes in the fair value of the hedges. 88 Table of Contents 14. Shareholders’ Equity Common Stock Dividends On February 12, 2025, Corning’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.28 per share common stock, which will be payable on March 28, 2025. Fixed Rate Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A The Company had 2,300 outstanding shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (the “Preferred Stock”) as of December 31, 2020. On January 16, 2021, the Preferred Stock became convertible into 115 million common shares. On April 5, 2021 Corning and Samsung Display Co., Ltd. (“SDC”) executed the Share Repurchase Agreement (“SRA”), and the Preferred Stock was fully converted as of April 8, 2021. Immediately following the conversion, Corning repurchased and retired 35 million of the common shares held by SDC for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.5 billion, of which approximately $507 million was paid in April in each of 2023, 2022 and 2021. Pursuant to the SRA, with respect to the remaining 80 million common shares outstanding held by SDC, 58 million shares are subject to a seven-year lock-up period expiring in 2027. The remaining 22 million common shares can be offered to be sold to Corning in specified tranches from time to time in calendar years 2024 through 2027. Corning may, at its sole discretion, elect to repurchase such common shares. If Corning elects not to repurchase the common shares and SDC sells the common shares on the open market, Corning is required to pay SDC a make-whole payment, subject to a 5% cap of the repurchase proceeds that otherwise would have been paid by Corning. As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the liability associated with this option, measured using Level 2 significant other observable inputs, was not material. Share Repurchases In 2019, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of additional common stock (“2019 Authorization”), which does not have an expiration date and may be amended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. As of December 31, 2024, approximately $3.1 billion remains available under the Company’s 2019 Authorization. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022, the Company repurchased 4.4 million and 6.0 million shares of common stock for approximately $165 million and $221 million, respectively. No shares were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table presents changes in capital stock (in millions): Common stock Treasury stock Shares Par value Shares Cost Balance as of December 31, 2021 1,815 $ 907 (970) $ (20,263) Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises 5 3 Shares purchased for treasury (6) (221) Other, net (1) (48) Balance as of December 31, 2022 1,820 $ 910 (977) $ (20,532) Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises 11 6 Other, net (3) (105) Balance as of December 31, 2023 1,831 $ 916 (980) $ (20,637) Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises 10 5 Shares purchased for treasury, net (4) (163) Other, net (3) (82) Balance as of December 31, 2024 1,841 $ 921 (987) $ (20,882) (1) Includes the deemed surrender to the Company of common stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations. (1) (1) (1) 89 Table of Contents 14. Shareholders’ Equity (Continued) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, including the proportionate share of equity method investees’ accumulated other comprehensive loss (in millions) : Foreign currency translation adjustments and other Unamortized actuarial gains (losses) and prior service (costs) credits Net unrealized losses on investments Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives Accumulated other comprehensive loss Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ (933) $ (272) $ (3) $ 33 $ (1,175) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications $ (762) $ 151 $ 31 $ (580) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 3 (61) (58) Equity method affiliates (17) (17) Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (779) 154 — (30) (655) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (1,712) $ (118) $ (3) $ 3 $ (1,830) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications $ (235) $ 1 $ 71 $ (163) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (25) (35) (60) Equity method affiliates 5 5 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (230) (24) — 36 (218) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ (1,942) $ (142) $ (3) $ 39 $ (2,048) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications $ (713) $ 192 $ (45) $ (566) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 145 (8) (46) 91 Equity method affiliates (20) (20) Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (588) 184 — (91) (495) Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ (2,530) $ 42 $ (3) $ (52) $ (2,543) (1) All amounts are after tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to accumulated other comprehensive loss. (2) Amounts are net of total tax benefit of $22 million, primarily driven by $29 million and $24 million related to foreign currency translation adjustments and the hedging component, respectively, offset by negative impacts of $31 million related to retirement plans. (3) Amounts are net of total tax benefit of $19 million, primarily driven by $12 million and $8 million related to foreign currency translation adjustments and the hedging component, respectively, offset by negative impacts of $1 million related to retirement plans. (4) Amounts are net of total tax benefit of $21 million, primarily driven by $50 million and $29 million related to foreign currency translation adjustments and the hedging component, respectively, offset by negative impacts of $58 million related to retirement plans. (5) Tax effects of reclassifications are disclosed in the following table. (6) Tax effects related to equity method affiliates are not significant in the reported periods. (1) (2) (5) (6) (3) (5) (6) (4) (5) (6) 90 Table of Contents 14. Shareholders’ Equity (Continued) The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCI”) by component (in millions) : Amount reclassified from AOCI Affected line item in the consolidated statements of income Year ended December 31 Details about AOCI Components 2024 2023 2022 Release of cumulative translation losses $ (145) Other (expense) income, net Provision for income taxes $ (145) $ — $ — Amortization of net actuarial gains (loss) $ 48 $ 39 $ (4) Other (expense) income, net Amortization of prior service (cost) credit (38) (1) Other (expense) income, net 10 38 (4) (2) (13) 1 Provision for income taxes $ 8 $ 25 $ (3) Realized gains on designated hedges $ 52 Sales $ 47 $ 49 32 Cost of sales (1) (3) (3) Other (expense) income, net 46 46 81 — (11) (20) Provision for income taxes $ 46 $ 35 $ 61 Total reclassifications for the period $ (91) $ 60 $ 58 (1) Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to the consolidated statements of income. (2) For the year ended December 31, 2024, amount relates to the recognition of non-cash cumulative foreign currency translation losses related to the substantial liquidation and disposition of foreign entities, which was recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income. (3) These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 11 (Employee Retirement Plans) in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional details. (1) (2) (3) (3) 91 Table of Contents 15. Earnings Per Common Share Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income attributable to Corning Incorporated by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share assumes the issuance of common shares for all potentially dilutive securities outstanding. The following table presents the reconciliation of the amounts used to compute basic and diluted earnings per common share (in millions, except per share amounts): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated $ 506 $ 581 $ 1,316 Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic 853 848 843 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options and other awards 16 11 14 Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted 869 859 857 Basic earnings per common share $ 0.59 $ 0.69 $ 1.56 Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.58 $ 0.68 $ 1.54 Anti-dilutive potential shares excluded from diluted earnings per common share: Stock options and other awards 0 2 1 Total 0 2 1 16. Share-Based Compensation The following table presents share-based compensation cost and the unrecognized compensation cost by award type (in millions): Amount of share-based compensation cost recognized Unrecognized compensation cost Weighted- average remaining term in years Year ended December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 2022 2024 Time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units $ 141 $ 172 $ 111 $ 113 1.5 Performance-based restricted stock units 123 36 52 30 1.5 Stock Options 2 7 Other 9 8 5 Total share-based compensation cost $ 273 $ 218 $ 175 (1) The income tax benefit realized from share-based compensation was $9 million, $17 million and $16 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 19 million unissued common shares available for future grants authorized under the Plans. (1) 92 Table of Contents 16. Share-Based Compensation (Continued) Incentive Stock Plans Time-Based Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the changes in non-vested time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units during the year ended December 31, 2024: Number of shares (in thousands) Weighted-average grant-date fair value Non-vested shares and share units as of December 31, 2023 13,321 $ 33.89 Granted 1,574 34.80 Vested (5,877) 35.45 Forfeited (562) 34.46 Non-vested shares and share units as of December 31, 2024 8,456 $ 32.94 The total fair value of time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $208 million, $118 million and $93 million, respectively. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the changes in non-vested performance-based restricted stock units during the year ended December 31, 2024: Number of shares (in thousands) Weighted-average grant-date fair value Non-vested share units as of December 31, 2023 2,026 $ 38.89 Granted 1,647 32.70 Vested (1,135) 41.63 Performance adjustments 1,603 32.74 Forfeited (101) 32.98 Non-vested share units as of December 31, 2024 4,040 $ 33.28 The total fair value of performance-based restricted stock units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $47 million, $120 million and $5 million, respectively. Stock Options During the year ended December 31, 2024, 3.3 million options were exercised and 9 thousand options were forfeited and expired with a weighted-average exercise price of $23.37 and $19.97, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, 4.2 million options were outstanding, vested and exercisable, with a weighted- average exercise price of $24.18, weighted average remaining contractual term of 4.2 years and aggregate intrinsic value of $99 million. As of December 31, 2023, 7.5 million options were outstanding, vested and exercisable, with a weighted-average exercise price of $23.82. The aggregate intrinsic value (market value of stock less option exercise price) represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price as of December 31, 2024, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their “in-the-money” options as of that date. There were no options granted in 2024, 2023 or 2022. The total fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $6 million and $20 million, respectively. There were no options that vested during the year ended December 31, 2024. Proceeds received from the exercise of stock options were $76 million, with a corresponding realized tax benefit of $8 million, for the year ended December 31, 2024. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $56 million, $29 million and $36 million, respectively. 93 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments The Company has determined that it has five reportable segments for financial reporting purposes, organized primarily based on product offerings, as follows: • Optical Communications – manufactures carrier network and enterprise network components for the telecommunications industry; the carrier network group consists primarily of products and solutions for optical-based communications infrastructure for services such as video, data and voice communications, and the enterprise network group consists primarily of optical-based communication networks sold to businesses, governments and individuals for their own use. • Display Technologies – manufactures high quality glass substrates for flat panel displays including liquid crystal displays and organic light-emitting diodes that are used primarily in televisions, notebook computers, desktop monitors, tablets and handheld devices. • Specialty Materials – manufactures products that provide material formulations for glass, glass ceramics and fluoride crystals to meet demand for unique customer needs across a wide variety of commercial and industrial markets, including materials optimized for mobile consumer electronics, semiconductor equipment optics and consumables, aerospace and defense optics, radiation shielding products, sunglasses and telecommunications components. • Environmental Technologies – manufactures ceramic substrates and filter products for emissions control systems in mobile applications. • Life Sciences – develops, manufactures and supplies laboratory products, including labware, equipment, media, serum and reagents enabling workflow solutions for drug discovery and bioproduction. All other businesses that do not meet the quantitative threshold for separate reporting have been grouped as Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses. Net sales for this group are mainly attributable to HSG, an operating segment that produces solar and semiconductor products. The emerging growth businesses primarily consist of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Auto Glass Solutions and the Emerging Innovations Group. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) of the Company is the Company’s chief executive officer. The CODM assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources, including employees, financial or capital resources, based on segment net income (loss), which includes certain corporate overhead allocations directly attributable to each of the segments. The CODM considers actual-to-actual variances on a quarterly basis when making decisions about allocating capital and other resources to the segments and to assess the performance for each segment. Financial results for the reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses are prepared on a basis consistent with the internal disaggregation of financial information to assist the CODM in making internal operating decisions. As a significant portion of segment revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on segment net sales and segment net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. Therefore, the Company utilizes constant-currency reporting for the Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences segments to exclude the impact on segment sales and segment net income from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar and euro, as applicable to the segment. In addition, effective January 1, 2024, the Company began utilizing constant-currency reporting for the Optical Communications segment to exclude the impact from the Mexican peso on segment results. Prior periods were not recast as the impact was not material. The most significant constant-currency adjustment relates to the Japanese yen exposure within the Display Technologies segment. The constant-currency rates established for our core performance measures are internally derived long-term management estimates, which are closely aligned with our hedging instrument rates. These hedging instruments may include, but are not limited to, foreign exchange forward or option contracts and foreign-denominated debt. 94 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments (Continued) The Company believes that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand segment results without the volatility of currency fluctuation, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts. Constant-currency rates used are as follows and are applied to all periods presented and to all foreign exchange exposures during the period, with the exception of the Mexican peso as discussed above, even though we may be less than 100% hedged: Currency Japanese yen Korean won Chinese yuan New Taiwan dollar Euro Mexican Peso Rate ¥107 ₩1,175 ¥6.7 NT$31 €0.81 MX$20 In addition, certain income and expenses are excluded from segment net income (loss) and included in the unallocated amounts in the reconciliation of reportable segment net income (loss) to net income. These items are not used by the CODM in allocating resources or evaluating the results of the segments and include the following: the impact of translating the Japanese yen-denominated debt; the impact of the translated earnings contracts; acquisition-related costs; certain discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments; restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits; certain litigation, regulatory and other legal matters; pension mark-to-market adjustments; and other non-recurring non-operational items. Although these amounts are excluded from segment results, they are included in reported consolidated results. Corning’s administrative and staff functions are performed on a centralized basis and such costs and expenses are allocated among the segments differently than they would be for stand-alone financial reporting purposes. These include certain costs and expenses of shared services, such as information technology, human resources, legal, finance and supply chain management. Expenses that are not allocated to the segments are included in the reconciliation of reportable segment net income (loss) to net income. Segment net income (loss) may not be consistent with measures used by other companies. 95 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments (Continued) The following provides segment information as described above: Segment Information (in millions) Optical Communications Display Technologies Specialty Materials Environmental Technologies Life Sciences Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses Total For the year ended December 31, 2024 Segment net sales $ 4,657 $ 3,872 $ 2,018 $ 1,665 $ 979 $ 1,278 $ 14,469 Less: Research, development and engineering expenses 274 110 253 100 22 168 927 Depreciation 267 446 153 126 67 160 1,219 Other segment items 3,330 2,047 1,283 986 810 1,007 9,463 Income tax provision (benefit) 174 263 69 95 17 (2) 616 Segment net income (loss) $ 612 $ 1,006 $ 260 $ 358 $ 63 $ (55) $ 2,244 Investment in affiliated companies, at equity $ 4 $ 90 $ 15 $ — $ — $ 181 $ 290 Segment assets $ 3,506 $ 6,596 $ 2,489 $ 1,760 $ 800 $ 2,475 $ 17,626 Capital expenditures $ 193 $ 256 $ 107 $ 33 $ 15 $ 193 $ 797 For the year ended December 31, 2023 Segment net sales $ 4,012 $ 3,532 $ 1,865 $ 1,766 $ 959 $ 1,446 $ 13,580 Less: Research, development and engineering expenses 238 102 229 99 33 162 863 Depreciation 263 481 149 129 69 144 1,235 Other segment items 2,903 1,887 1,232 1,049 794 1,103 8,968 Income tax provision 130 220 53 103 13 22 541 Segment net income $ 478 $ 842 $ 202 $ 386 $ 50 $ 15 $ 1,973 Investment in affiliated companies, at equity $ 3 $ 105 $ 11 $ — $ 3 $ 174 $ 296 Segment assets $ 3,241 $ 7,899 $ 2,476 $ 1,873 $ 782 $ 2,307 $ 18,578 Capital expenditures $ 176 $ 363 $ 175 $ 31 $ 41 $ 303 $ 1,089 For the year ended December 31, 2022 Segment net sales $ 5,023 $ 3,306 $ 2,002 $ 1,584 $ 1,228 $ 1,662 $ 14,805 Less: Research, development and engineering expenses 230 124 222 98 37 163 874 Depreciation 249 547 155 128 60 146 1,285 Other segment items 3,703 1,663 1,195 988 938 1,290 9,777 Income tax provision 180 203 90 78 40 24 615 Segment net income $ 661 $ 769 $ 340 $ 292 $ 153 $ 39 $ 2,254 Investment in affiliated companies, at equity $ 3 $ 102 $ 8 $ — $ 4 $ 144 $ 261 Segment assets $ 3,295 $ 8,104 $ 2,419 $ 2,061 $ 862 $ 2,136 $ 18,877 Capital expenditures $ 368 $ 495 $ 306 $ 110 $ 116 $ 218 $ 1,613 (1) Research, development and engineering expenses include direct project spending that is identifiable to a segment. (2) Depreciation expense includes an allocation of depreciation or corporate property not specifically identifiable to a segment. (3) Other segment items for each reportable segment primarily includes the cost of materials, salaries, wages and benefits, including variable compensation, and selling, general and administrative expenses. (4) Income tax provision (benefit) reflects a tax rate of 21%. (5) Segment assets include inventory, accounts receivable, property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, and associated equity companies. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 96 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments (Continued) The following table presents a reconciliation of net sales of reportable segments to consolidated net sales (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net sales of reportable segments $ 13,191 $ 12,134 $ 13,143 Net sales of Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses 1,278 1,446 1,662 Impact of constant currency reporting (1,309) (992) (616) Impairment of upfront fees to a customer (42) Consolidated net sales $ 13,118 $ 12,588 $ 14,189 (1) This amount primarily represents the impact of foreign currency adjustments in the Display Technologies segment. (2) Amount represents non-cash charges to write-down upfront payments made to a customer. Refer to Note 2 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. The following table presents a reconciliation of net (loss) income of reportable segments to consolidated net income (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net income of reportable segments $ 2,299 $ 1,958 $ 2,215 Net (loss) income of Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (55) 15 39 Unallocated amounts: Impact of constant currency reporting (989) (744) (480) Translated earnings contract gain, net 83 161 348 Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt, net 104 100 191 Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (12) (61) (100) Research, development, and engineering expense (151) (162) (163) Amortization of intangibles (121) (122) (123) Interest expense, net (248) (244) (237) Income tax benefit 395 373 204 Pension mark-to-market (3) (15) (11) Severance charges (45) (187) (70) Capacity optimization and other charges and credits (362) (284) (344) (Loss) gain on sale of business (31) 53 Other corporate items (272) (140) (136) Net income $ 592 $ 648 $ 1,386 (1) Amount does not include research, development and engineering expense related to restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits and pension mark-to-market. (2) Refer to Note 2 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits) for additional information. (3) Amount includes charges associated with impairment losses, asset write-offs, accelerated depreciation, disposal costs, inventory write-downs and non-cash charges to write-down upfront payments made to a customer. Refer to Note 2 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits) for additional information. (1) (2) (1)(2) (2) (3) 97 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments (Continued) The following table presents a reconciliation of total assets of reportable segments to consolidated total assets (in millions): December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Total assets of reportable segments $ 15,151 $ 16,271 $ 16,741 Total assets of Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses 2,475 2,307 2,136 Unallocated amounts: Current assets 2,881 2,522 2,823 Investments 104 119 99 Property, plant and equipment, net 1,133 1,038 1,385 Other non-current assets 5,991 6,243 6,315 Total assets $ 27,735 $ 28,500 $ 29,499 (1) Includes cash, other receivables, prepaid expenses and current portion of long-term derivative assets. (2) Represents other corporate investments. (3) Represents corporate property not specifically identifiable to an operating segment. (4) Includes goodwill, other intangible assets, pension assets, long-term derivative assets, right of use assets and deferred income taxes. (1) (2) (3) (4) 98 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments (Continued) The following table presents selected financial information about the Company’s product lines and reportable segments (in millions): Year ended December 31, Revenue from external customers 2024 2023 2022 Optical Communications Carrier network $ 2,678 $ 2,686 $ 3,573 Enterprise network 1,979 1,326 1,450 Total Optical Communications 4,657 4,012 5,023 Display Technologies 3,872 3,532 3,306 Specialty Materials Corning® Gorilla® Glass 1,224 1,136 1,331 Advanced optics and other specialty glass 794 729 671 Total Specialty Materials 2,018 1,865 2,002 Environmental Technologies Automotive and other 1,098 1,123 934 Diesel 567 643 650 Total Environmental Technologies 1,665 1,766 1,584 Life Sciences Labware 490 487 657 Cell culture products 489 472 571 Total Life Science 979 959 1,228 Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses Polycrystalline Silicon 865 1,014 1,191 Other 413 432 471 Total Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses 1,278 1,446 1,662 Net sales of reportable segments 13,191 12,134 13,143 Net sales of Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses 1,278 1,446 1,662 Impact of constant currency reporting (1,309) (992) (616) Impairment of upfront fees to a customer (42) Consolidated net sales $ 13,118 $ 12,588 $ 14,189 (1) Prior results for Optical Communications have been recast to confirm to the current period presentation. Reclassification between Carrier and Enterprise reflect how customers are utilizing Corning products in their deployments. (2) This amount primarily represents the impact of foreign currency adjustments in the Display Technologies segment. (3) Amount represents non-cash charges to write-down upfront payments made to a customer. Refer to Note 2 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and Credits) for additional information. (1) (2) (3) 99 Table of Contents 17. Reportable Segments (Continued) The following table presents information relating to the Company’s operations by geographic area (in millions): 2024 2023 2022 Net sales Long-lived assets Net sales Long-lived assets Net sales Long-lived assets North America: United States $ 5,172 $ 8,617 $ 4,439 $ 8,698 $ 5,149 $ 8,937 Canada 256 83 317 95 503 99 Mexico 127 203 84 211 96 180 Total North America 5,555 8,903 4,840 9,004 5,748 9,216 Asia Pacific: Japan 688 125 667 388 617 429 Taiwan 1,019 1,281 855 1,515 813 1,696 China 4,694 4,291 4,439 4,575 4,435 4,794 Korea 486 2,671 418 3,092 514 3,294 Other 424 88 620 88 729 81 Total Asia Pacific 7,311 8,456 6,999 9,658 7,108 10,294 Europe: Germany 494 400 535 464 539 459 Other 926 827 998 956 1,116 937 Total Europe 1,420 1,227 1,533 1,420 1,655 1,396 All Other 183 27 208 53 294 67 Total $ 14,469 $ 18,613 $ 13,580 $ 20,135 $ 14,805 $ 20,973 (1) Net sales are attributed to countries based on location of customer. (2) Long-lived assets primarily include investments, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) 100 Exhibit 21 Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies Subsidiaries of the Registrant as of December 31, 2024 are listed below: Alliance Fiber Optic Products, Inc. Delaware Axygen Bioscience, Inc. Delaware Axygen Holdings Corporation Delaware Axygen, Inc. California Cable Services, LLC Delaware Corning (Hainan) Optical Communications Co., Ltd. China Corning (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. China Corning Automotive Glass Solutions (Hefei) Co., Ltd. China Corning B.V. Netherlands Corning China (Shanghai) Regional Headquarter China Corning Comunicações Ópticas S.A. Brazil Corning Display Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. China Corning Display Technologies (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. China Corning Display Technologies (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. China Corning Display Technologies (Hefei) Co., Ltd. China Corning Display Technologies (Wuhan) Co., Ltd. China Corning Display Technologies Materials (Chongqing) Co., Ltd China Corning Display Technologies Taiwan Co., Ltd. Taiwan Corning Environmental Technologies (Hefei) Co., Ltd. China Corning Finance B.V. Netherlands Corning Finance Luxembourg S.à.r.l. Luxembourg Corning GmbH Germany Corning Holding GmbH Germany Corning Hungary Data Services Limited Liability Company Hungary Corning International Corporation Delaware Corning Japan K.K. Japan Corning Life Sciences (Wujiang) Co., Ltd. China Corning Luxembourg S.à.r.l. Luxembourg Corning Netoptix, Inc. Delaware Corning Oak Holding LLC Delaware Corning Optical Communications GmbH & Co. KG Germany Corning Optical Communications LLC North Carolina Corning Optical Communications Polska sp. z o.o. Poland Corning Optical Communications RF LLC Delaware Corning Optical Communications S. de R.L. de C.V. Mexico Corning Optical Communications Vermoegensverwaltungs GmbH Germany Corning Optical Fiber Cable (Chengdu) Co., Ltd. China Corning Optical Fiber Polska sp. z o.o. Poland Corning Precision Materials Co., Ltd. Korea Corning Property Management Corporation Delaware - 1 - Corning Research & Development Corporation Delaware Corning SAS France Corning Singapore Holdings Private Limited Singapore Corning SK Luxembourg S.à.r.l. Luxembourg Corning Specialty Materials, Inc. Delaware Corning Technologies (H.K.) Limited Hong Kong Corning Technologies India Private Limited India Corning Technologies SARL Luxembourg Corning Tropel Corporation Delaware Corning Ventures France SAS France DC HSC Holdings LLC Delaware Discovery Labware, Inc. Delaware Hemlock Holdings LLC Delaware Hemlock Semiconductor Operations LLC Michigan Hemlock Semiconductor, L.L.C. Delaware HSC Holdings LLC Delaware Mediatech, Inc. Virginia Optical Filter Corporation Delaware Solar Technology LLC Delaware TR Manufacturing, LLC Delaware US Conec Ltd. Delaware Companies accounted for under the equity method as of December 31, 2024 are listed below: Chengdu Honing Display Glass Co., Ltd. China China Renewable Energy Fund, LP Singapore Eurokera (Thailand) Limited Thailand Eurokera Guangzhou Co., Ltd. China Eurokera North America, Inc. Delaware Eurokera S.N.C. France Keraglass S.N.C. France Phoenix Venture Partners II LP Delaware Samsung Corning Advanced Glass LLC Korea SGD Corning Technologies Private Limited India Xianyang Honing Display Glass Co., Ltd. China - 2 - Exhibit 23 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-275848) and Form S-8 (Nos. 333-255652, 333- 231238, 333-181075, 333-26049, 333-91879, 333-82926, 333-106265, and 333-166642) of Corning Incorporated of our report dated February 13, 2025 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 13, 2025 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302(a) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Wendell P. Weeks, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Corning Incorporated; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 13, 2025 /s/ Wendell P. Weeks Wendell P. Weeks Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302(a) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Edward A. Schlesinger, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Corning Incorporated; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 13, 2025 /s/ Edward A. Schlesinger Edward A. Schlesinger Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Exhibit 32 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 The undersigned, Wendell P. Weeks, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Corning Incorporated (the “Company”) and Edward A. Schlesinger, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) the Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2024 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) that information contained in such Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 13, 2025 /s/ Wendell P. Weeks Wendell P. Weeks Chairman and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Edward A. Schlesinger Edward A. Schlesinger Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer