Crawford & Co.
Annual Report 2013

Plain-text annual report

Crawford & Company 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, GA 30319 An equal opportunity employer ACROSS BORDERS. ACROSS BUSINESSES. Integrated Global Solutions. Crawford & Company’s 2013 Form 10-K C R A W F O R D & C O M P A N Y 2 0 1 3 F O R M 1 0 - K Scan the QR code to learn more or go to www.crawfordandcompany.com Company Profi le Based in Atlanta, GA, Crawford & Company (www.crawfordandcompany.com) is the world’s largest independent provider of claims management solutions to the risk management and insurance industry as well as self-insured entities, with an expansive global network serving clients in more than 70 countries. The Crawford SolutionSM offers comprehensive, integrated claims services, business process outsourcing and consulting services for major product lines including property and casualty claims management, workers compensation claims and medical management, and legal settlement administration. The Company’s shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CRDA and CRDB. As an independent, international leader of claims administration, business process outsourcing, and consulting solutions, Crawford & Company off ers a powerful portfolio of integrated global solutions that adds value and reduces the costs of claims administration. Please visit our online annual report at www.crawfordandcompany.com/AR/2013 or scan the QR code below with your smartphone or tablet. Transfer Agent Wells Fargo Shareowner Services P.O. Box 64854 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0854 1.800.468.9716 Internet Address www.crawfordandcompany.com Certifications In 2013, Crawford & Company’s chief executive officer (CEO) pro- vided to the New York Stock Exchange the annual CEO certification regarding Crawford’s compliance with the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance listing stand ards. In addition, Crawford’s CEO and chief financial officer filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Com mission all required certifications regarding the quality of Crawford’s public disclosures in its fiscal 2013 reports. Forward-Looking Statements This report contains forward-looking statements, including state- ments about the future financial condition, results of operations and earnings outlook of Crawford & Company. Statements, both qualita- tive and quantitative, that are not statements of historical fact may be “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws. Forward- looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experi- ence or Crawford & Company’s present expectations. Accordingly, no one should place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. Crawford & Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that may arise or not arise after the date the forward-looking statements are made. For further information regarding Crawford & Company, and the risks and uncertainties involved in forward-looking statements, please read Crawford & Company’s reports filed with the SEC and available at www.sec.gov or in the Investor Relations section of Crawford & Company’s website at www.crawfordandcompany.com. Corporate Information Corporate Headquarters 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, Georgia 30319 404.300.1000 Inquiries Individuals seeking financial data should contact: W. Bruce Swain Investor Relations Chief Financial Officer 404.300.1051 Form 10-K A copy of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is available without charge upon request to: Corporate Secretary Crawford & Company 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, Georgia 30319 404.300.1021 Our Form 10-K is also available online at either www.sec.gov or in the Investor Relations section at www.crawfordandcompany.com Annual Meeting The Annual Meeting of shareholders will be held at 2:00 p.m. on May 8, 2014, at the corporate headquarters of Crawford & Company 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, Georgia 30319 404.300.1000 Company Stock Shares of the Company’s two classes of common stock are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company’s two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company’s ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. Annual Report Design by Curran & Connors, Inc. / www.curran-connors.com UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 Form 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 1-10356. CRAWFORD & COMPANY (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Georgia (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 1001 Summit Boulevard, Atlanta, Georgia (Address of principal executive offices) 58-0506554 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 30319 (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (404) 300-1000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Class A Common Stock — $1.00 Par Value Class B Common Stock — $1.00 Par Value Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the Registrant's voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $148,027,283 as of June 28, 2013, based upon the closing prices of such stock as reported on the NYSE on such date. For purposes hereof, beneficial ownership is determined under rules adopted pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and excludes voting and non-voting common stock beneficially owned by the directors and executive officers of the Registrant, some of whom may not be deemed to be affiliates upon judicial determination. The number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant's classes of common stock, as of February 21, 2014, was: Class A Common Stock — $1.00 Par Value — 29,864,900 Shares Class B Common Stock — $1.00 Par Value — 24,690,172 Shares Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its annual shareholders’ meeting to be held May 8, 2014, which proxy statement will be filed within 120 days of the Registrant's year end, are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof. [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CRAWFORD & COMPANY FORM 10-K For The Year Ended December 31, 2013 Table of Contents PART I Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation PART III Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules PART IV Signatures Exhibit Index 1 6 12 12 13 13 14 16 18 47 49 95 95 98 98 98 98 98 99 103 104 We use the terms “Crawford”, “the Company”, “the Registrant”, “we”, “us” and “our” to refer to the business of Crawford & Company, its subsidiaries, and variable interest entities. Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements This report contains and incorporates by reference forward-looking statements within the meaning of that term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Statements contained or incorporated by reference in this report that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the “safe harbor” provisions thereof. These statements may relate to, among other things, our business strategies, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, case and project volumes, profitability, contingencies, liquidity position, and capital resources. The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “goal”, “strategy”, “predict”, “project”, “will” and similar terms and phrases, or the negatives thereof, identify forward-looking statements in this report and in the statements incorporated by reference in this report. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report and those described from time to time in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although we believe the assumptions upon which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of these assumptions could prove to be inaccurate and the forward-looking statements based on these assumptions could be incorrect. Our operations and the forward-looking statements related to our operations involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, and any one of which, or a combination of which, could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations, and whether the forward-looking statements ultimately prove to be correct. As a result, undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statements. Actual results and trends in the future may differ materially from those suggested or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any of these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. ITEM 1. BUSINESS PART I Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and founded in 1941, the Company is the world's largest (based on annual revenues) independent provider of claims management solutions to the risk management and insurance industry, as well as to self- insured entities, with an expansive global network serving clients in more than 70 countries. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company reported total revenues before reimbursements of $1.163 billion. Shares of the Company's two classes of common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company's two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company's ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES The Crawford System of Claims Solutions® offers comprehensive, integrated claims services, business process outsourcing and consulting services for major product lines including property and casualty claims management; workers’ compensation claims and medical management; and legal settlement administration. The Crawford System is delivered to clients through the Company's four operating segments: Americas, which primarily serves the property and casualty insurance company markets in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean; EMEA/AP, which serves the property and casualty insurance company and self-insurance markets in Europe, including the United Kingdom ("U.K."), the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region (which includes Australia and New Zealand); Broadspire®, which serves the self- insurance marketplace, primarily in the U.S.; and Legal Settlement Administration, which serves the securities, bankruptcy, and other legal settlement markets, primarily in the U.S. A significant portion of our revenues are derived from international operations. For a discussion of certain risks attendant to international operations, see Item 1A, "Risk Factors." AMERICAS. The Americas segment accounted for 29.4% of the Company's revenues before reimbursements in 2013. The Company’s Americas segment provides claims management services in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Substantially all of the Company's Americas segment revenues are derived from the insurance company market. These insurance companies customarily manage their own claims administration function, but often rely upon third-parties for certain services which the Company provides, primarily with respect to field investigation and evaluation of property and casualty insurance claims. Claims management services offered by our Americas segment are provided to clients pursuant to a variety of different referral assignments which generally are classified by the underlying insured risk categories used by insurance companies. These major risk categories are: • Property — losses caused by physical damage to commercial or residential real property and certain types of personal property. • Catastrophe — losses caused by all types of natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes and floods, and man- made disasters such as oil spills, chemical releases, and explosions. • Public Liability — a wide range of non-automobile liability claims such as product liability; owners, landlords and tenants liabilities; and comprehensive general liability. • Automobile — all types of losses involving use of an automobile, including bodily injury, physical damage, medical payments, collision, fire, theft, and comprehensive liability. • Affinity — all types of high-frequency, low-severity claims related to consumer products. 1 Our Americas revenues are reported for three regions: U.S. Property & Casualty ("USP&C"); Canada; and Latin America/Caribbean. USP&C operations are comprised of four major service lines: U.S. Claims Field Operations, Contractor Connection®, U.S. Technical Services, and U.S. Catastrophe Services. USP&C Operations: • U.S. Claims Field Operations is the largest service line of the Company's USP&C operations. Services provided by U.S. Claims Field Operations include property claims management, casualty claims management, and vehicle services. • Contractor Connection is the largest independently managed contractor network in the industry, with approximately 4,500 credentialed residential and commercial contractors in the U.S. and Canada. This innovative service solution for high-frequency, low-severity claims optimizes the time and work process needed to resolve property claims. Contractor Connection supports our business process outsourcing strategy by providing high-quality outsourced contractor management to national and regional insurance carriers. • U.S. Technical Services is devoted to large, complex claims. Our team of strategic loss managers and technical adjusters are experts with specific experience and industry focus required to strategically manage large complex losses. • U.S. Catastrophe Services is an independent adjusting resource for insurance claims management in response to natural or man-made disasters. We have one of the largest trained and credentialed field forces in the industry. U.S. Catastrophe Services utilizes a proprietary response mechanism to ensure prompt, effective management of catastrophic events for our clients. Canada: Services provided by our Canadian operations are comparable in scope and offerings to the services provided by USP&C operations, and also include third-party administration and class action services. Latin America/Caribbean: Services provided by our Latin America/Caribbean operations are comparable in scope and offerings to the services provided by U.S. Claims Field Operations, U.S. Technical Services and U.S. Catastrophe Services. In addition, our Latin America/Caribbean operations provide affinity claims management. EMEA/AP. The EMEA/AP segment accounted for 30.1% of the Company's revenues before reimbursements in 2013. The Company’s EMEA/AP revenues are derived primarily from the insurance company and third-party administration markets. Revenues within EMEA/AP are reported for three regions: the U.K.; Continental Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“CEMEA”); and Asia-Pacific. The major elements of EMEA/AP claims management services are substantially the same as those provided to U.S. property and casualty insurance company clients by our USP&C operations. The segment also derives revenues from third-party administration services provided under the Broadspire brand across EMEA/AP. BROADSPIRE. The Broadspire segment accounted for 21.7% of the Company's revenues before reimbursements in 2013. Broadspire Services, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is a leading third-party administrator to employers and insurance companies, offering a comprehensive, integrated platform of workers’ compensation and liability claims management as well as medical management services. Major risk categories serviced by the Broadspire segment are: • Workers' Compensation - claims arising under state and federal workers' compensation laws. • Public Liability - a wide range of non-automobile liability claims such as product liability; owners, landlords and tenants liabilities; and comprehensive general liability. • Automobile - all types of losses involving use of an automobile, including bodily injury, physical damage, medical payments, collision, fire, theft, and comprehensive liability. 2 Through the Broadspire segment, the Company provides a complete range of claims and risk management services to clients in the self-insured or commercially insured marketplace. In addition to field investigation and evaluation of claims, Broadspire also offers initial loss reporting services for claimants; loss mitigation services, such as medical bill review, medical case management and vocational rehabilitation; risk management information services; and administration of trust funds established to pay claims. Broadspire services are provided through three major service lines: Workers' Compensation and Liability Claim Management; Medical Management; and Risk Management Information Services. • The Workers' Compensation and Liability Claim Management service line offers a comprehensive, integrated approach to workers' compensation and liability claims management. • The Medical Management service line offers case managers who proactively manage medical treatment while facilitating understanding of, and participation in, the rehabilitation process. These programs aim to help employees recover as quickly as possible in a cost-effective method. • Risk Management Information Services are provided through Risk Sciences Group, Inc. (“RSG”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company that reports through the Broadspire segment. RSG is a leading risk management information systems software and services company with a history of providing customized risk management solutions to Fortune 1000 companies, insurance carriers, and brokers. LEGAL SETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION. The Legal Settlement Administration segment accounted for 18.8% of the Company's revenues before reimbursements in 2013. The segment provides legal settlement administration services related to securities, product liability, other class action settlements, and bankruptcies. These services include identifying and qualifying class members, determining and dispensing settlement payments, and administering settlement funds. Such services are generally referred to by the Company as class action services and are performed by The Garden City Group, Inc. (“GCG”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Since 1984, GCG has been focusing on diligently helping its clients bring their toughest cases to timely, positive conclusions. GCG provides field-experienced, multi-disciplined and technology- driven teams to support each case with appropriate administrative services and resources. GCG offers solutions in three core areas: • Class Action Services — technology-intensive administrative services for plaintiff and defense counsel as well as corporate defendants to expedite high-volume class action settlements. • Bankruptcy Services — cost-effective, end-to-end solutions for managing the administration of bankruptcy under Chapter 11. • GCG Communications — legal notice programs for successful case administration. FINANCIAL RESULTS The percentages of the Company's total revenues before reimbursements derived from each operating segment are shown in the following table: Year Ended December 31, Americas EMEA/AP Broadspire Legal Settlement Administration 2013 2012 2011 29.4% 30.1% 21.7% 18.8% 28.4% 31.2% 20.3% 20.1% 31.8% 30.2% 20.9% 17.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Financial results from the Company's operations outside of the U.S., Canada, and the Caribbean are reported and consolidated on a two-month delayed basis in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, “Consolidation,” in order to provide sufficient time for accumulation of their results and, accordingly, the Company's December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 consolidated financial statements include the financial position of such operations as of October 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and the results of such operations and cash flows for the fiscal periods ended October 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. 3 In the normal course of the Company's business, it sometimes incurs certain out-of-pocket expenses that are thereafter reimbursed by its clients. Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), these out-of-pocket expenses and associated reimbursements are required to be included when reporting expenses and revenues, respectively, in the Company's consolidated results of operations. However, because the amounts of reimbursed expenses and related revenues offset each other in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations with no impact to net income (loss) or segment operating earnings (loss), management does not believe it is informative or beneficial to include these amounts in expenses and revenues, respectively. As a result, unless otherwise indicated, revenue amounts for each of our operating segments described herein exclude reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses. A reconciliation of revenues before reimbursements to consolidated revenues determined in accordance with GAAP is self-evident from the face of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Additional financial information regarding each of the Company's segments and geographic areas, including the information required by Item 101(b) of Regulation S-K, is included in Note 13, “Segment and Geographic Information,” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. MATERIAL CUSTOMERS Revenues and operating earnings from the Legal Settlement Administration operating segment are project based and can vary significantly from period to period depending on the timing of project engagement and the work performed in a given period. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company's previously disclosed special projects, the Deepwater Horizon class action settlement and the Gulf Coast Claims Facility ("GCCF") projects, together accounted for more than 10% of the revenues of the Company on a consolidated basis. For the year ended December 31, 2013, Legal Settlement Administration continued to derive a material amount of its revenues from the Deepwater Horizon class action settlement project. In addition, the segment received more than 10% of its revenues from another non-Gulf related class action settlement project. The revenues from each of these projects were less than 10% of our consolidated 2013 revenues. These projects continue to wind down. Although we expect to continue to earn revenues from these projects through 2014, we expect these revenues, and related operating earnings, to be at a reduced rate as compared to 2013. No assurances of timing of the project end dates and, therefore, continued revenues and operating earnings, can be provided. In the event the Company is unable to replace revenues from these projects upon the termination or other expiration thereof, or at a time or times when revenues therefrom are materially reduced and not replaced, with revenues and operating earnings from new projects and customers within this or other segments, there could be a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. In addition, in each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company's EMEA/AP segment derived a material amount of its revenue from a single customer, but this customer did not account for in excess of 10% of our revenues on a consolidated basis. The services provided to this customer vary on a country-by-country basis and are covered by the terms of multiple contractual arrangements. In the event we are not able to replace any lost revenues from this customer with revenues from another source, we believe that loss of revenues from this customer could result in materially lower revenues and operating earnings within the EMEA/AP segment, and possibly for the Company as a whole. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND TRADEMARKS The Company’s intellectual property portfolio is an important asset which it seeks to expand and protect globally through a combination of trademarks, trade names, copyrights and trade secrets. The Company owns a number of active trademark applications and registrations which expire at various times. As the laws of many countries do not protect intellectual property to the same extent as the laws of the U.S., the Company cannot ensure that it will be able to adequately protect its intellectual property assets outside of the U.S. The failure to protect our intellectual property assets could have a material adverse affect on our business, however the loss of any single patent, trademark or service mark, taken alone, would not have a material adverse effect on any of our segments or on the Company as a whole. 4 SERVICE DELIVERY The Company’s claims management services are offered primarily through its global network serving clients in more than 70 countries. Contractor Connection services are offered by providing high-quality outsourced contractor management to national and regional insurance carriers. COMPETITION The global claims management services market is highly competitive and comprised of a large number of companies of varying size and that offer a varied scope of services. The demand from insurance companies and self-insured entities for services provided by independent claims service firms like us is largely dependent on industry-wide claims volumes, which are affected by, among other things, the insurance underwriting cycle, weather-related events, general economic activity, overall employment levels, and workplace injury rates. Such demand is also impacted by decisions insurance companies and self-insured entities may make with respect to the level of claims outsourced to independent claim service firms as opposed to those handled by their own in-house claims adjusters. Accordingly, we are limited in our ability to predict case volumes in any period. In addition, our ability to retain clients and maintain or increase case referrals is also dependent in part on our ability to continue to provide high-quality, competitively priced services and effective sales efforts. We typically earn our revenues on an individual fee-per-case basis for claims management services we provide to insurance companies and self-insured entities. Accordingly, the volume of claim referrals to us is a key driver of our revenues. Fees are generally earned on cases as services are provided, which generally occurs in the period the case is assigned to us, although sometimes a portion or substantially all of the revenues generated by a specific case assignment will be earned in subsequent periods. We cannot predict the future trend of case volumes for a number of reasons, including the frequency and severity of weather-related events and the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters, which are a significant source of cases for us and are not subject to accurate forecasting. The Company competes with a substantial number of smaller local and regional claims management services firms located throughout the U.S. and internationally. Many of these smaller firms have rate structures that are lower than the Company’s or may, in certain markets, have local knowledge which provides them a competitive advantage. The Company does not believe that these smaller firms offer the broad spectrum of claims management services in the range of locations the Company provides and, although such firms may secure business which has a local or regional source, the Company believes its quality product offerings, broader scope of services, and large number of geographically dispersed offices provide the Company with an overall competitive advantage in securing business from both U.S. and international clients. There are also national and global independent companies that provide a similar broad spectrum of claims management services and who directly compete with the Company. The legal settlement administration market is also highly competitive but comprised of a smaller number of specialized firms. The demand for these services is generally not directly tied to or affected by the insurance underwriting cycle. Such demand is largely dependent on: the volume of securities and product liability class action settlements; the volume of Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings and the resulting settlements; and general economic conditions. Competition in this segment is primarily on pricing, resource allocation ability, and experience servicing similar matters. The Company believes that our experienced leadership, coupled with global resources and state-of-the-art technology, provide a competitive advantage in this market. 5 EMPLOYEES At December 31, 2013, the total number of full-time equivalent employees ("FTEs") was 8,551. In addition, the Company also from time to time uses the resources of a significant number of available temporary employees and a network of independent contractors, as and when the demand for services requires. These temporary employees primarily provide catastrophe adjuster services. The Company, through Crawford Educational Services, provides many of its employees with formal classroom training in basic and advanced skills relating to claims administration and healthcare management services. In many cases, employees are required to complete these or other professional courses in order to qualify for promotion from their existing positions. The Company generally considers its relations with its employees to be good. In addition to technical training through Crawford Educational Services, the Company also provides ongoing professional education for certain of its management personnel on general management, marketing, and sales topics. These programs involve both in-house and external resources. BACKLOG At December 31, 2013 and 2012, our Legal Settlement Administration segment had an estimated backlog of projects awarded totaling approximately $108 million and $152 million, respectively. Additional information regarding this backlog is contained in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Legal Settlement Administration.” Backlog is not meaningful for our other segments. AVAILABLE INFORMATION The Company is required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The public may read and copy any materials that the Company files with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are electronically filed or furnished to the SEC on our website, www.crawfordandcompany.com via a link to a third-party website with SEC filings. The information contained on, or hyperlinked from, our website is not a part of, nor is it incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Copies of the Company’s annual report will also be made available, free of charge, upon written request to Corporate Secretary, Legal Department, Crawford & Company, 1001 Summit Boulevard, Atlanta, Georgia 30319. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC from time to time when evaluating our business and prospects. Any of the events discussed in the risk factors below may occur. If they do, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also impair our financial condition or results of operations. We depend on case volumes for a significant portion of our revenues. Case volumes are not subject to accurate forecasting, and a decline in case volumes may materially adversely effect our financial condition and results of operations. Because we depend on case volume for revenue streams, a reduction in case referrals for any reason may materially adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. We are unable to predict case volumes for a number of reasons, including the following: 6 • changes in the degree to which property and casualty insurance carriers or self-insured entities outsource, or intend to outsource, their claims handling functions are generally not disclosed in advance; • we cannot predict the length or timing of any insurance cycle, described below; • • changes in the overall employment levels and associated workplace injury rates in the U.S. could impact the number of total claims; the frequency and severity of weather-related, natural, and man-made disasters, which are a significant source of cases for us, are generally not subject to accurate forecasting; • major insurance carriers, underwriters, and brokers could elect to expand their activities as administrators and adjusters, which would directly compete with our business; and • we may not desire to or be able to renew existing major contracts with clients. If our case volume referrals decline for any of the foregoing, or any other reason, our revenues may decline, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we derived a material amount of our revenues from a limited number of clients. If we lose revenues from these clients and are not able to replace them, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we derived in excess of 10% of our consolidated revenues from the combination of our two previously disclosed special projects in the Legal Settlement Administration segment, the Deepwater Horizon class action settlement and the GCCF projects. For the year ended December 31, 2013, Legal Settlement Administration continued to derive a material amount of its revenues from the Deepwater Horizon class action settlement project. In addition, the segment received more than 10% of its revenues from another non-Gulf related class action settlement project. The revenues from each of these projects were less than 10% of our consolidated 2013 revenues. These projects continue to wind down. Although we expect to continue to earn revenues from these projects through 2014, we expect these revenues, and related operating earnings, to be at a reduced rate as compared to 2013. No assurances of timing of the project end dates and, therefore, continued revenues and operating earnings, can be provided. In addition, in each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, our EMEA/AP segment derived a material amount of its revenue from a single customer, but this customer did not account for in excess of 10% of our consolidated revenues. The services provided to this customer vary on a country-by-country basis and are covered by the terms of multiple contractual arrangements which expire at various times in the future. In the event we are unable to replace revenues from these limited projects and customers upon the termination of the projects or contractual relationships with revenues from new projects and customers within these or other segments, as the case may be, our consolidated revenues and operating earnings would be materially reduced, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Legal Settlement Administration service revenues are project-based and can fluctuate significantly from period to period for various reasons, any of which can materially impact our financial condition and results of operations. Our Legal Settlement Administration service revenues are project-based and can fluctuate significantly from period to period. Revenues from this segment are in part dependent on product liability, bankruptcy and securities class action cases and settlements. Legislation or a change in market conditions could curtail, slow or limit growth of this part of our business. Tort reforms in the U.S., at either the national or state levels, could limit the number and size of future class action cases and settlements. Any slowdown in the referral of projects to the Legal Settlement Administration segment or the commencement of services under the projects in any period, if not replaced by new revenue sources in our other segments, could materially adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. 7 We currently operate on multiple proprietary software platforms to support our service offerings and internal corporate systems. The failure or obsolescence of any of these platforms, if not remediated or replaced, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We currently utilize multiple software platforms to support our service offerings. We believe certain of these software platforms distinguish our service offerings from our competitors. Development of such software platforms is highly competitive and failure of one or more of our software platforms to function properly, or the failure of these platforms to remain competitive, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We may not be able to develop or acquire necessary IT resources to support and grow our business. Our failure to do this could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We have made substantial investments in software and related technologies that are critical to the core operations of our business. These IT resources will require future maintenance and enhancements, potentially at substantial costs. Additionally, these IT resources may become obsolete in the future and require replacement, potentially at substantial costs. We may not be able to develop, acquire replacement resources or identify new technology resources necessary to support and grow our business. Any failure to do so, or to do so in a timely manner or at a cost considered reasonable by us, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We currently, and from time to time in the future may, outsource a portion of our internal business functions to third-party providers. Outsourcing these functions has significant risks, and our failure to manage these risks successfully could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We currently, and from time to time in the future may, outsource significant portions of our internal business functions to third-party providers. Third-party providers may not comply on a timely basis with all of our requirements, or may not provide us with an acceptable level of service. In addition, our reliance on third-party providers could have significant negative consequences, including significant disruptions in our operations and significantly increased costs to undertake our operations, either of which could damage our relationships with our customers. As a result of our outsourcing activities, it may also be more difficult for us to recruit and retain qualified employees for our business needs at any time. Our failure to successfully outsource any material portion of our business functions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We recently implemented a number of improvements to remediate a previously identified material weakness identified in our corporate tax accounting function. We may be at risk for a future material weakness, particularly if these improvements do not continue to operate effectively, which could result in a number of negative consequences. As described in more detail in Item 9A., Controls and Procedures, in this Form 10-K and in certain of our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, our management has recently taken certain measures to resolve a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, in our corporate tax accounting function. Although we have concluded that we have remediated this material weakness as of December 31, 2013, we will need to continue to monitor and evaluate the measures implemented to ensure that they are operating effectively and we may be at risk for a future material weakness, particularly if these new measures do not operate effectively. The existence of a material weakness could result in a number of negative consequences, including significant management time and attention, additional costs, future misstatements in our financial statements, our inability to timely meet financial statement reporting and filing obligations, a loss of confidence by investors in our reported financial information and a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. 8 Control by a principal shareholder could adversely affect our other shareholders. As of December 31, 2013, Jesse C. Crawford, a member of our Board of Directors, beneficially owned approximately 52% of our outstanding voting class B common stock. As a result, he has the ability to control substantially all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election and removal of directors. He also has the ability to control our management and affairs. As of December 31, 2013, Mr. Crawford also beneficially owned approximately 40% of our outstanding non-voting class A common stock. This concentration of ownership of our stock may delay or prevent a change in control; impede a merger, consolidation, takeover, or other business combination involving us; discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us; reduce the liquidity, and thus the trading price of our stock; or result in other actions that may be opposed by, or not be in the best interests of, our other shareholders. We are subject to insurance underwriting market cycle risks. We may not be able to identify new revenue sources not directly tied to this cycle and, in that event, would remain subject to its risks. Although the insurance industry underwriting cycle has been characterized in recent years as soft, the property-casualty underwriting cycle remains volatile and could rapidly transition to a harder market due to certain factors such as the occurrence of significant catastrophic losses or the performance of capital markets. In softer insurance markets, insurance premiums and deductible levels are generally in decline and industry-wide claim volumes generally increase, which should increase claim referrals to us provided property and casualty insurance carriers do not reduce the number of claims they outsource to independent firms such as ours. Because the underwriting cycle can change suddenly due to unforeseen events in the financial markets and catastrophic claims activity, we cannot predict what impact the current market may have on us in the future or the timing of when the market may change in the future. Indicators of a hard insurance underwriting cycle generally include higher premiums, higher deductibles, lower liability limits, increased excluded coverages, increased reservation of rights letters, and more unpaid claims. During a hard insurance underwriting market, insurance companies typically become very selective in the risks they underwrite and insurance premiums and policy deductibles increase. This often results in a reduction in industry-wide claims volumes, which reduces claim referrals to us unless we can offset the decline in claim referrals with growth in our market share. We try to mitigate this risk exposure through the development and marketing of services that are not affected by the insurance underwriting cycle. However, there can be no assurance that our mitigation efforts will be effective with respect to eliminating or reducing underwriting market cycle risk. To the extent we cannot effectively minimize the risk through diversification, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely impacted by, or during, future hard market cycles. We manage a large amount of highly sensitive and confidential consumer information including personally identifiable information, protected health information and financial information. The unauthorized access to, alteration or disclosure of this data, whether as a result of criminal conduct, advances in computer hacking or otherwise, could result in a material loss of business, substantial legal liability or significant harm to our reputation. We manage a large amount of highly sensitive and confidential consumer information including personally identifiable information, protected health information and financial information. We use computers in substantially all aspects of our business operations. We also use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with our employees and our customers. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. While we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, and although we maintain cyber and crime insurance, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage. 9 A significant portion of our operations are international. These international operations face political, legal, operational, exchange rate and other risks not generally present in U.S. operations, which could materially negatively affect those operations or our business as a whole. Our international operations face political, legal, operational, exchange rate and other risks that we do not face in our domestic operations. We face, among other risks: the risk of discriminatory regulation; nationalization or expropriation of assets; changes in both domestic and foreign laws regarding trade and investment abroad; potential loss of proprietary information due to piracy, misappropriation or laws that may be less protective of our intellectual property rights; or price controls and exchange controls or other restrictions that prevent us from transferring funds from these operations out of the countries in which they were earned or converting local currencies we hold into U.S. dollars or other currencies. International operations also subject us to numerous additional laws and regulations affecting our business, such as those related to labor, employment, worker health and safety, antitrust and competition, environmental protection, consumer protection, import/export and anti-corruption, including but not limited to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"). Although we have put into place policies and procedures aimed at ensuring legal and regulatory compliance, our employees, subcontractors, and agents could take actions that violate any of these requirements. Violations of these regulations could subject us to criminal or civil enforcement actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We operate in highly competitive markets and face intense competition from both established entities and new entrants into those markets. Our failure to compete effectively may adversely affect us. The claims management services market, both in the U.S. and internationally, is highly competitive and comprised of a large number of companies of varying size and that offer a varied scope of services. The demand from insurance companies and self-insured entities for services provided by independent claims service firms like us is largely dependent on industry- wide claims volumes, which are affected by, among other things, the insurance underwriting cycle, weather-related events, general economic activity, overall employment levels, and associated workplace injury rates. We are also impacted by decisions insurance companies and self-insured entities may make with respect to the level of claims outsourced to independent claim service firms as opposed to those handled by their own in-house claims adjusters. Accordingly, we are limited in our ability to predict case volumes in any period. Our ability to retain clients and maintain and increase case referrals is also dependent in part on our ability to continue to provide high-quality, competitively priced services and effective sales efforts. In addition, the goodwill and intangible assets in each of our segments are exposed to potential impairment if we are unable to effectively compete or our financial results are otherwise materially negatively impacted. In particular, we believe our indefinite-lived intangible asset consisting of the Broadspire trade name, with a carrying value of $29.1 million, our SLS trade name with a value of $2.0 million, and the $42.0 million of goodwill in the Americas segment, are most exposed to potential impairments. We may not be able to recruit, train, and retain qualified personnel, including retaining a sufficient number of on-call claims adjusters, to respond to catastrophic events that may, singularly or in combination, significantly increase our clients’ needs for adjusters. Our catastrophe related work and revenues can fluctuate dramatically based on the frequency and severity of natural and man-made disasters. When such events happen, our clients usually require a sudden and substantial increase in the need for catastrophic claims services, which can place strains on our capacity. Our internal resources are sometimes not sufficient to meet these sudden and substantial increases in demand. When these situations occur, we must retain outside adjusters (temporary employees and contractors) to increase our capacity. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain such outside adjusters with the requisite qualifications, at the times needed or on terms that we believe are economically reasonable. Insurance companies and other loss adjusting firms also aggressively compete for these independent adjusters, who often command high prices for their services at such times of peak demand. Such competition could reduce availability, increase our costs and reduce our revenues. Our failure to timely, efficiently, and competently provide these services to our clients could result in reduced revenues, loss of customer goodwill and a materially negative impact on our results of operations. 10 If we do not protect our proprietary information and technology resources and prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of our proprietary information, intellectual property, and technology, our financial results could be harmed. We rely on a combination of trademark, trade name, copyright and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary information, intellectual property, and technology. However, all of these measures afford only limited protection and may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties. Third parties may copy aspects of our processes, products or materials, or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary information without authorization. Unauthorized copying or use of our intellectual property or proprietary information could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Third parties may also develop similar or superior technology independently, including by designing around any of our proprietary technology. Furthermore, the laws of some foreign countries do not offer the same level of protection of our proprietary rights as the laws of the U.S., and we may be subject to unauthorized use of our intellectual property in those countries. Any legal action that we may bring to protect intellectual property and proprietary information could be expensive and may distract management from day-to-day operations. We are, and may become, party to lawsuits or other claims that could adversely impact our business. In the normal course of the claims administration services business, we are named as a defendant in suits by insureds or claimants contesting decisions by us or our clients with respect to the settlement of claims. Additionally, our clients have periodically brought actions for indemnification on the basis of alleged negligence on our part or on the part of our agents or our employees in rendering service to clients. There can be no assurance that additional lawsuits will not be filed against us. There also can be no assurance that any such lawsuits will not have a disruptive impact upon the operation of our business, that the defense of the lawsuits will not consume the time and attention of our senior management and financial resources or that the resolution of any such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan (the "U.S. Qualified Plan") and certain of our U.K. defined benefit pension plans (the "U.K. Plans") are underfunded. Future funding requirements, including those imposed by any further regulatory changes, could restrict cash available for our operating, financing, and investing requirements. At the end of the most recent measurement periods for our U.S. Qualified Plan, the U.K Plans, and our other international defined benefit pension plans,the projected benefit obligations for these specific plans were underfunded by $103.0 million. Pension funding rules under the Pension Protection Act of 2006 , as amended by the Worker, Retiree and Employer Recovery Act of 2008, the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010, and the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, require us to make substantial contributions to our frozen U.S. Qualified Plan. Failure to meet the funding requirements could result in the imposition of fines, penalties or plan disqualification. In addition, regulatory requirements in the U.K. require us to make additional contributions to our underfunded U.K. Plans. Volatility in the capital markets may also have a further negative impact on our U.S. and U.K. pension plans, which may further increase the underfunded portion of our pension plans and our attendant funding obligations. The required contributions to our underfunded defined benefit pension plans will reduce our liquidity, restrict available cash for our operating, financing, and investing needs and may materially adversely affect our financial condition. During 2013 we made contributions of $18.0 million and $6.5 million to our U.S. Qualified Plan and U.K. Plans, respectively. In 2012, we made contributions of $13.5 million and $6.6 million to our U.S. Qualified Plan and U.K. Plans, respectively. While we intend to comply with our future funding requirements through the use of cash from operations, there can be no assurance that we will generate enough cash to do so. Our inability to fund these obligations through cash from operations could require us to seek funding from other sources, including through additional borrowings under our Credit Facility (defined below), if available, or proceeds from debt or equity offerings. There can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain any such external funding in amounts, at times and on terms that we deem commercially reasonable, in order for us to meet these obligations. Furthermore, any of the foregoing could materially increase our outstanding debt or debt service requirements, or dilute the value of the holdings of our current shareholders, as the case may be. Our inability to comply with any funding obligations in a timely manner could materially adversely affect our financial condition. 11 We have debt covenants in our credit facility that require us to maintain compliance with certain financial ratios and other requirements. If we are not able to maintain compliance with these requirements, all of our outstanding debt could become immediately due and payable. We are party to a credit facility, dated December 8, 2011, with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBS Citizens, N.A., and the other lenders a party thereto, as amended (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility contains various representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting liens, indebtedness, guarantees, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, restrictions on dividends and distributions, and other fundamental changes in our business. Additionally, the Credit Facility contains covenants requiring us to remain in compliance with a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. If we do not maintain compliance with the covenant requirements, we will be in default under the Credit Facility. In such an event, the lenders under the Credit Facility would generally have the right to declare all then-outstanding amounts thereunder immediately due and payable. If we could not obtain a required waiver on satisfactory terms, we could be required to renegotiate the terms of the Credit Facility or immediately repay this indebtedness. Any such renegotiation could result in less favorable terms, including additional fees, higher interest rates and accelerated payments, and would necessitate significant time and attention of management, which could divert their focus from business operations. Any required payment may necessitate the sale of assets or other uses of resources that we do not believe would be our best interests. While we do not presently expect to be in violation of any of these requirements, no assurances can be given that we will be able to continue to comply with them in the future. There can be no assurance that our actual financial results will match our projected results or that we will not violate such covenants. Any failure to continue to comply with such requirements could materially adversely affect our borrowing ability and access to liquidity, and thus our overall financial condition, as well as our ability to operate our business. The risks described above are not the only ones facing us, but are the ones currently deemed the most material by us based on available information. New risks may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risks, nor can we assess the impact of known risks on our business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES As of December 31, 2013, the Company owned a building in Tucker, Georgia where part of its information technology facility was previously located. The Company also owned an office in Kitchener, Ontario and an additional office location in Stockport, England. As of December 31, 2013, the Company leased over 400 other office locations for use by one or more of its segments under various leases with varying terms. Other office locations are occupied under various short-term rental arrangements. The Company generally believes that its office locations are sufficient for its operations and that, if it were necessary to obtain different or additional office locations, such locations would be available at times, and on commercially reasonable terms, as would be necessary for the conduct of its business. No assurances can be given, however, that the Company would be able to obtain such office locations as and when needed, or on terms it considered to be reasonable, if at all. 12 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In the normal course of the claims administration services business, the Company is named as a defendant in suits by insureds or claimants contesting decisions by the Company or its clients with respect to the settlement of claims. Additionally, clients of the Company have, in the past, brought actions for indemnification on the basis of alleged negligence on the part of the Company, its agents or its employees in rendering service to clients. The majority of these claims are of the type covered by insurance maintained by the Company; however, the Company is responsible for the deductibles and self- insured retentions under its various insurance coverages. In the opinion of the Company, adequate reserves have been provided for such risks. No assurances can be provided, however, that the result of any such action, claim or proceeding, now known or occurring in the future, will not result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 13 PART II ITEM 5. AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS, Shares of the Company's two classes of common stock are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company's two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company's ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. The following table sets forth, for the quarterly periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share for CRDA and CRDB, as reported on the NYSE: 2013 CRDA — High CRDA — Low CRDB — High CRDB — Low 2012 CRDA — High CRDA — Low CRDB — High CRDB — Low First Second Third Fourth $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5.91 4.72 8.37 6.66 First 4.55 3.33 6.44 4.38 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5.59 4.82 8.02 5.62 Second 3.91 3.15 5.15 3.47 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 7.44 5.04 9.86 5.71 Third 4.64 3.41 5.15 3.40 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 8.33 7.00 11.26 8.60 Fourth 5.64 3.78 7.98 4.60 During the year ended December 31, 2013, we declared and paid quarterly cash dividends totaling $0.18 per share and $0.14 per share on CRDA and CRDB, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we declared and paid cash dividends totaling $0.20 per share and $0.16 per share on CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The 2012 dividends included a special $0.06 per share dividend on CRDA and CRDB, in addition to dividends declared each quarter. In addition, during the quarter ending March 31, 2014, we declared cash dividends of $0.05 per share on CRDA and $0.04 per share on CRDB, which dividends are payable on March 27, 2014 to shareholders of record at the close of business on March 13, 2014. Our Board of Directors makes dividend decisions from time to time based in part on an assessment of current and projected earnings and cash flows. Our ability to pay dividends in the future could be impacted by many factors including the funding requirements of our defined benefit pension plans, repayments of outstanding borrowings, levels of cash expected to be generated by our operating activities, and covenants and other restrictions contained in our Credit Facility. The covenants in our Credit Facility limit dividend payments to shareholders. See Note 4, “Short-Term and Long-Term Debt, Including Capital Leases” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The number of record holders of the Company’s stock as of December 31, 2013: CRDA — 2,937 and CRDB — 507. In May 2012, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to 2,000,000 shares of its common stock (either CRDA or CRDB or a combination thereof) until May 2015. Under the repurchase program, repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions at such times and for such prices as management deems appropriate, subject to applicable regulatory guidelines. 14 Through December 31, 2013, the Company had repurchased 1,162,335 shares of CRDA and 7,000 shares of CRDB under this authorization. The table below sets forth the repurchases of CRDA and CRDB by the Company under the repurchase program during the three months ended December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, the Company's authorization to repurchase shares of its common stock was limited to an additional 830,665 shares. Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares That May be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 1,059,751 70,750 $ — $ 7.34 — 71,141 $ — $ 7.58 — 87,195 $ — $ 229,086 7.57 — 70,750 — 71,141 — 87,195 — 229,086 989,001 917,860 830,665 Period Balance as of September 30, 2013 October 1, 2013 - October 31, 2013 CRDA CRDB Totals as of October 31, 2013 November 1, 2013 - November 30, 2013 CRDA CRDB Totals as of November 30, 2013 December 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013 CRDA CRDB Totals as of December 31, 2013 15 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Revenues before Reimbursements Reimbursements Total Revenues Total Costs of Services Americas Operating Earnings (1) EMEA/AP Operating Earnings (1) Broadspire Operating Earnings (Loss) (1) Legal Settlement Administration Operating Earnings (1) Unallocated Corporate and Shared Costs and Credits, Net Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment Charges Net Corporate Interest Expense Stock Option Expense Amortization of Customer-Relationship Intangible Assets Special (Charges) and Credits, Net Income Taxes Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company Earnings (Loss) Per CRDB Share (2): Basic Diluted Current Assets Total Assets Current Liabilities Long-Term Debt, Less Current Installments Total Debt Shareholders’ Investment Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company Total Capital Current Ratio Total Debt to Total Capital Ratio Return on Average Shareholders’ Investment Cash Provided by Operating Activities Cash Used in Investing Activities Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities Shareholders’ Investment Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company Per Diluted Share Cash Dividends Per Share: CRDA CRDB Weighted-Average Shares and Share-Equivalents: Basic Diluted $ 1,163,445 89,985 1,253,430 936,427 18,532 32,158 8,245 46,752 (In thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) $ 1,125,355 86,007 1,211,362 917,929 20,007 28,096 (11,417) 51,307 $ 1,030,417 80,384 1,110,801 839,247 20,748 24,828 (11,712) 47,661 $ 1,176,717 89,421 1,266,138 936,059 11,878 48,481 21 60,284 $ 969,868 78,334 1,048,202 792,325 29,394 23,401 (1,602) 13,130 (10,829) — (6,423) (948) (6,385) — (29,766) (10,504) — (8,607) (408) (6,373) (11,332) (33,686) (9,403) — (15,911) (450) (6,177) 2,379 (12,739) (5,841) (10,788) (15,002) (761) (5,995) (4,650) (9,712) (10,996) (140,945) (14,166) (914) (5,994) (4,059) (2,618) (358) (866) (288) (448) (314) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 50,978 0.91 0.90 369,681 790,058 317,393 101,770 137,645 199,805 337,450 1.2:1 40.8% 30.3% 77,844 (33,528) (39,132) 3.60 0.18 0.14 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 48,888 0.88 0.87 386,765 847,415 318,174 152,293 166,406 136,199 302,605 1.2:1 55.0% 36.3% 92,853 (33,803) (64,918) 2.48 0.20 0.16 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 45,404 0.84 0.83 369,549 818,477 286,749 211,983 214,187 133,472 347,659 1.3:1 61.6% 40.7% 36,676 (34,933) (17,964) 2.46 0.10 0.08 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 28,328 $ (115,683) 0.54 0.53 379,405 820,674 296,841 220,437 223,328 89,516 312,844 1.3:1 71.4% 38.8% 26,167 (42,531) 39,520 1.68 (2.23) $ (2.23) $ $ 325,715 $ 742,905 $ 258,998 $ 173,061 $ 181,282 $ 56,682 $ 237,964 1.3:1 76.2 % (99.6)% $ $ $ $ 51,664 (31,169) (26,555) 1.09 — — — $ — $ 54,543 55,545 54,229 54,965 53,517 54,246 52,664 53,234 51,830 51,830 16 ______________________ (1) This is a segment financial measure calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 280, and representing segment earnings (loss) before certain unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits, net corporate interest expense, stock option expense, amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets, special charges and credits, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, income tax expense, and net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. (2) Earnings (loss) per share for CRDA and CRDB were the same for years 2009 - 2010. Beginning in 2011, a higher per share dividend was declared on nonvoting CRDA shares than on voting CRDB shares, impacting the earnings per share calculation according to generally accepted accounting principles. As a result, unless otherwise indicated, references to earnings per share refer to CRDB, which is a more dilutive presentation. 17 ITEM 7. OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand Crawford & Company, our operations, and our business environment. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to — and should be read in conjunction with — our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto contained in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As described in Note 1, “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies,” of those accompanying audited consolidated financial statements, financial results from the Company's international subsidiaries, other than those in Canada and the Caribbean, are included in our consolidated financial statements on a two-month delayed basis in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 810, “Consolidation,” in order to provide sufficient time for accumulation of their results. Accordingly, the Company's December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 consolidated financial statements include the financial position of such subsidiaries as of October 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and the results of those subsidiaries’ operations and cash flows for the fiscal periods ended October 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Business Overview Based in Atlanta, Georgia, Crawford & Company (www.crawfordandcompany.com) is the world’s largest (based on annual revenues) independent provider of claims management solutions to the risk management and insurance industry, as well as to self-insured entities, with an expansive global network serving clients in more than 70 countries. The Crawford System of Claims Solutions® offers comprehensive, integrated claims services, business process outsourcing and consulting services for major product lines including property and casualty claims management, workers’ compensation claims and medical management, and legal settlement administration. Shares of the Company’s two classes of common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company's two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company's ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. As discussed in more detail in subsequent sections of this MD&A, we have four operating segments: Americas, EMEA/ AP, Broadspire, and Legal Settlement Administration. Our four operating segments represent components of our Company for which separate financial information is available, and which is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. Americas serves the property and casualty insurance company markets in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia-Pacific (“EMEA/AP”) serves the property and casualty insurance company and self-insurance markets in Europe, including the U.K., the Middle East, Africa, and Asia-Pacific (which includes Australia and New Zealand). Broadspire serves the U.S. self-insurance marketplace. Legal Settlement Administration serves the securities, bankruptcy, and other legal settlements markets, primarily in the U.S. Insurance companies, which represent the major source of our global revenues, customarily manage their own claims administration function but often rely on third parties for certain services which we provide, primarily field investigation and the evaluation of property and casualty insurance claims. We also conduct inspections of building component products related to warranty and product performance claims. Self-insured entities typically rely on us for a broader range of services. In addition to field investigation and evaluation of their claims, we may also provide initial loss reporting services for their claimants, loss mitigation services such as medical bill review, medical case management and vocational rehabilitation, risk management information services, and administration of trust funds established to pay their claims. We also perform legal settlement administration services related to securities, product liability, and other class action settlements and bankruptcies, including identifying and qualifying class members, determining and dispensing settlement payments, and administering settlement funds. Such services are usually referred to by us as class action services. 18 The global claims management services market is highly competitive and comprised of a large number of companies of varying size and that offer a varied scope of services. The demand from insurance companies and self-insured entities for services provided by independent claims service firms like us is largely dependent on industry-wide claims volumes, which are affected by, among other things, the insurance underwriting cycle, weather-related events, general economic activity, overall employment levels, and workplace injury rates. Such demand is also impacted by decisions insurance companies and self-insured entities may make with respect to the level of claims outsourced to independent claim service firms as opposed to those handled by their own in-house claims adjusters. Accordingly, we are limited in our ability to predict case volumes in any period. In addition, our ability to retain clients and maintain or increase case referrals is also dependent in part on our ability to continue to provide high-quality, competitively priced services and effective sales efforts. We typically earn our revenues on an individual fee-per-claim basis for claims management services we provide to property and casualty insurance companies and self-insured entities. Accordingly, the volume of claim referrals to us is a key driver of our revenues. Generally, fees are earned on cases as services are provided, which generally occurs in the period the case is assigned to us, although sometimes a portion or substantially all of the revenues generated by a specific case assignment will be earned in subsequent periods. We cannot predict the future trend of case volumes for a number of reasons, including the frequency and severity of weather-related cases and the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters, which are a significant source of cases for us and are not subject to accurate forecasting. The legal settlement administration market is also highly competitive but is comprised of a smaller number of specialized entities. The demand for legal settlement administration services is generally not directly tied to or affected by the insurance underwriting cycle. The demand for these services is largely dependent on the volume of securities and product liability class action settlements, the volume of Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings and the resulting settlements, and general economic conditions. Our revenues for legal settlement administration services are largely project-based and we earn these revenues as we perform individual tasks and deliver the outputs as outlined in each project. Executive Summary Results of Operations Net income attributable to Crawford & Company was $51.0 million in 2013, compared with net income of $48.9 million in 2012 and $45.4 million in 2011. As discussed below, the Company recorded certain pretax special charges in 2012 and certain pretax special charges and credits in 2011. There were no special charges or credits in 2013. During 2012, the Company recorded pretax special charges of $11.3 million, consisting of $1.2 million for severance costs, $0.6 million for retention bonuses, $0.8 million for temporary labor costs, and $0.1 million for other expenses for a project to outsource certain aspects of our U.S. technology infrastructure; $4.3 million to adjust the estimated loss on a leased facility the Company no longer uses; and $3.4 million for severance costs and $0.8 million for lease termination costs, primarily related to restructuring activities in our North American operations. During 2011, the Company recorded a net pretax special credit of $2.4 million, consisting of a gain of $7.0 million related to the final settlement of a legal arbitration, partially offset by a $3.4 million write-off of deferred financing costs related to the repayment of its then-outstanding Term Loan B, and $1.2 million in severance expense related to the Broadspire segment. Segment operating earnings (a measure of segment operating performance used by our management that is defined and discussed in more detail below) improved in our Americas and Broadspire segments from 2012 to 2013, while we experienced expected declines in our EMEA/AP and Legal Settlement Administration segments. Segment operating earnings improved for all of our segments except the Americas from 2011 to 2012. In the Americas segment, operating earnings improved 56.0% from 2012 to 2013 as results from the Canadian operations showed marked improvement, primarily due to claims resulting from flood losses. Americas operating earnings for 2013 were also positively impacted by additional claims handling resulting from superstorm Sandy, continued growth in our Contractor Connection managed repair network, cost reductions in the U.S. and Canada, and a $2.3 million gain from the sale of the rights to a customer contract in Latin America. Americas operating earnings in 2012 were 40.6% less than 2011 due to a lack of weather-related claims in the U.S. and Canada. 19 Broadspire's operating earnings improved each year from 2011 to 2013. The improvements were due to higher revenues and improved control over operating expenses. The results for 2013 also included a one-time increase in revenues and operating earnings of approximately $3.0 million due to Broadspire being relieved of the obligation to continue to service certain clients' claims under lifetime pricing contracts and the associated release of the remaining deferred revenue for those claims. As expected, both EMEA A/P and Legal Settlement Administration's operating earnings declined in 2013 compared to 2012, reflecting the expected decline in revenues from two special projects. EMEA A/P completed the handling of claims resulting from the 2011 Thailand flooding, while Legal Settlement Administration had lower revenue from the Deepwater Horizon special project. Operating earnings in 2012 compared to 2011 were higher in both segments due to these special projects. Compared with 2012, our consolidated revenues before reimbursements were 1.1% lower in 2013 due primarily to lower revenues from the special projects in EMEA/AP and Legal Settlement Administration, partially offset by improvements in our Canadian operations in our Americas segment and in our Broadspire segment. The Deepwater Horizon special project in Legal Settlement Administration continues to wind down. Although we currently expect to earn revenues from the Deepwater Horizon project through 2014, we expect revenues and the related segment operating earnings to be at a reduced rate as compared to 2013 levels. No assurances of timing of the project end date and, therefore, the amount or timing of continued revenues, can be provided. In the event we are unable to replace revenues from the Deepwater Horizon project upon the termination or other expiration thereof, or at a time or times when revenues therefrom are materially reduced and not replaced, with revenues from new projects and customers within this or other segments, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations. "Other income" includes dividend income from our unconsolidated subsidiaries and miscellaneous other income. Included in "Other income" for the year ended December 31, 2013 was a $2.3 million gain from the sale of the rights to a customer contract in Latin America in the first quarter of 2013. All of these amounts are included in the Americas segment operating earnings. Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were 1.7% higher in 2013 than in 2012 and 3.1% higher in 2012 than in 2011. The increases in both years were primarily due to increases in professional fees. Segment Operating Earnings (Loss) of our Operating Segments We believe that a discussion and analysis of the segment operating earnings (loss) of our four operating segments is helpful in understanding the results of our operations. Operating earnings is our segment measure of profitability as discussed in Note 13, “Segment and Geographic Information," to the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Operating earnings is the primary financial performance measure used by our senior management and CODM to evaluate the financial performance of our operating segments and make resource allocation decisions. We believe this measure is useful to others in that it allows them to evaluate segment operating performance using the same criteria used by our senior management and CODM. Segment operating earnings (loss) represent segment earnings (loss) before certain unallocated corporate and shared costs, net corporate interest expense, stock option expense, amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets, special charges and credits, income taxes, and net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests. Certain marketing functions that were previously included in each segment are now included in our corporate administrative costs and allocated back to the segments. The results of prior periods have been revised to conform to the current presentation. Income taxes, net corporate interest expense, stock option expense, and amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets are recurring components of our net income, but they are not considered part of our segment operating earnings (loss) because they are managed on a corporate-wide basis. Income taxes are calculated for the Company on a consolidated basis based on statutory rates in effect in the various jurisdictions in which we provide services, and varies significantly by jurisdiction. Net corporate interest expense results from capital structure decisions made by senior management and affecting the Company as a whole. Stock option expense represents the non-cash costs generally related to stock options and employee stock purchase plan expenses which are not allocated to our operating segments. Amortization expense is a non-cash expense for customer-relationship intangible assets acquired in business combinations. None of these costs relate directly to the performance of our services or operating activities and, therefore, are excluded from segment operating earnings in order to better assess the results of each segment’s operating activities on a consistent basis. 20 Special charges and credits arise from time to time from events (such as expenses related to restructurings, losses on subleases, arbitration awards, debt refinancings, and goodwill impairment charges) that are not allocated to any particular segment since they historically have not regularly impacted our performance and are not expected to impact our future performance on a regular basis. Unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits represent expenses and credits related to our chief executive officer and Board of Directors, certain provisions for bad debt allowances or subsequent recoveries such as those related to bankrupt clients, defined benefit pension costs or credits for our frozen U.S. pension plan, and certain self-insurance costs and recoveries that are not allocated to our individual operating segments. Additional discussion and analysis of our income tax expense, net corporate interest expense, stock option expense, amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets, unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, and special charges and credits follows the discussion and analysis of the results of operations of our four operating segments. Segment Revenues In the normal course of business, our operating segments incur certain out-of-pocket expenses that are thereafter reimbursed by our clients. Under GAAP, these out-of-pocket expenses and associated reimbursements are required to be included when reporting expenses and revenues, respectively, in our consolidated results of operations. In the discussion and analysis of results of operations which follows, we do not include a gross up of expenses and revenues for these pass-through reimbursed expenses. The amounts of reimbursed expenses and related revenues offset each other in our results of operations with no impact to our net income (loss) or operating earnings (loss). A reconciliation of revenues before reimbursements to consolidated revenues determined in accordance with GAAP is self-evident from the face of the accompanying statements of income. Unless noted in the following discussion and analysis, revenue amounts exclude reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses. Segment Expenses Our discussion and analysis of segment operating expenses is comprised of two components. “Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits” includes all compensation, payroll taxes, and benefits provided to our employees, which, as a service company, represents our most significant and variable operating expense. “Expenses Other Than Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits” includes outsourced services, office rent and occupancy costs, office operating expenses, cost of risk, amortization and depreciation expense other than amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets, and allocated corporate and shared costs. Expense amounts in the following discussion and analysis exclude reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses. Allocated corporate and shared costs are allocated to our four operating segments based primarily on usage. These allocated costs are included in the determination of segment operating earnings (loss). 21 Operating results for our segments reconciled to income before income taxes and net income attributable to shareholders of Crawford & Company, were as shown in the following table. Certain marketing functions that were previously included in each segment are now included in our corporate administrative costs and allocated back to the segments. The results of prior periods have been revised to conform to the current presentation. Year Ended December 31, Revenues Before Reimbursements: Americas EMEA/AP Broadspire Legal Settlement Administration Total, before reimbursements Reimbursements Total Revenues Direct Compensation & Fringe Benefits: Americas % of related revenues before reimbursements EMEA/AP % of related revenues before reimbursements Broadspire % of related revenues before reimbursements Legal Settlement Administration % of related revenues before reimbursements Total % of Revenues before reimbursements Expenses Other than Direct Compensation & Fringe Benefits: Americas % of related revenues before reimbursements EMEA/AP % of related revenues before reimbursements Broadspire % of related revenues before reimbursements Legal Settlement Administration % of related revenues before reimbursements Total, before reimbursements % of Revenues before reimbursements Reimbursements Total % of Revenues Segment Operating Earnings (Loss): Americas % of related revenues before reimbursements EMEA/AP % of related revenues before reimbursements Broadspire % of related revenues before reimbursements Legal Settlement Administration % of related revenues before reimbursements (Deduct)/Add: Unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits Net corporate interest expense Stock option expense Amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets Special charges and credits Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests Net Income Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company _________________ nm = not meaningful 2013 2012 (In thousands, except percentages) 2011 % Change From Prior Year 2013 2012 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 342,240 350,164 252,242 218,799 1,163,445 89,985 $ 1,253,430 $ 210,887 $ $ $ $ 61.6% 222,785 63.6% 129,321 51.3% 85,787 39.2% 648,780 55.8% 112,821 33.0% 95,221 27.2% 114,676 45.4% 86,260 39.4% 408,978 35.2% 89,985 498,963 39.8% 18,532 5.4% 32,158 9.2% 8,245 3.3% 46,752 21.4% (10,829) (6,423) (948) (6,385) — 81,102 (29,766) 51,336 358 334,431 366,718 238,960 236,608 1,176,717 89,421 1,266,138 $ 357,872 340,090 234,775 192,618 1,125,355 86,007 $ 1,211,362 2.3 % (4.5)% 5.6 % (7.5)% (1.1)% 0.6 % (1.0)% (6.6)% 7.8 % 1.8 % 22.8 % 4.6 % 4.0 % 4.5 % 212,253 $ 227,009 (0.6)% (6.5)% 63.5% 63.4 % 220,828 221,899 0.9 % (0.5)% 60.2% 65.2 % 129,481 135,613 (0.1)% (4.5)% 54.2% 84,613 35.8% 57.8 % 72,010 37.4 % 647,175 $ 656,531 55.0% 58.3 % 1.4 % 0.2 % 17.5 % (1.4)% 110,300 $ 110,856 2.3 % (0.5)% 32.9% 97,409 26.6% 31.0 % 90,095 26.5 % (2.2)% 8.1 % 109,458 110,579 4.8 % (1.0)% 45.8% 91,711 38.7% 47.1 % 69,301 36.0 % 408,878 380,831 34.7% 33.8 % $ $ 89,421 498,299 39.4% 11,878 3.6% 48,481 13.2% 21 —% 60,284 25.5% (10,504) (8,607) (408) (6,373) (11,332) 83,440 (33,686) 49,754 866 86,007 466,838 38.5 % 20,007 5.6 % 28,096 8.3 % (11,417) (4.9)% 51,307 26.6 % (9,403) (15,911) (450) (6,177) 2,379 58,431 (12,739) 45,692 288 (5.9)% 32.3 % — % 0.6 % 0.1 % 7.4 % 4.0 % 6.7 % 56.0 % (40.6)% (33.7)% 72.6 % nm 100.2 % (22.4)% 17.5 % 3.1 % (25.4)% 132.4 % 0.2 % nm (2.8)% (11.6)% 3.2 % (58.7)% 11.7 % (45.9)% (9.3)% 3.2 % nm 42.8 % 164.4 % 8.9 % 200.7 % $ 50,978 $ 48,888 $ 45,404 4.3 % 7.7 % 22 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 AMERICAS SEGMENT Operating Earnings Operating earnings for our Americas segment increased from $11.9 million in 2012 to $18.5 million in 2013, representing an operating margin of 5.4% in 2013 compared with 3.6% in 2012. Operating earnings improved 56.0% from 2012 to 2013 as a result of our Canadian operations showing marked improvement, primarily due to claims resulting from flood losses. Operating earnings for 2013 were also positively impacted by additional claims handling resulting from superstorm Sandy, continued growth in our Contractor Connection managed repair network, cost reductions in the U.S. and Canada, and a $2.3 million gain from the sale of the rights to a customer contract in Latin America. Revenues before Reimbursements Americas revenues are primarily generated from the property and casualty insurance company markets in the U.S., Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean. Americas revenues before reimbursements by major service line in the U.S. and by area for other regions were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 Variance U.S. Claims Field Operations U.S. Technical Services U.S. Catastrophe Services Subtotal U.S. Claims Services Contractor Connection Subtotal U.S. Property & Casualty Canada—all service lines Latin America/Caribbean—all service lines Total Revenues before Reimbursements (In thousands) $ 104,001 $ 105,932 27,479 36,067 167,547 36,046 203,593 122,748 15,899 29,122 38,504 173,558 27,470 201,028 120,767 12,636 $ 342,240 $ 334,431 (1.8)% (5.6)% (6.3)% (3.5)% 31.2 % 1.3 % 1.6 % 25.8 % 2.3 % For the year ended December 31, 2013 compared with the year ended December 31, 2012, the U.S. dollar strengthened against most foreign currencies in Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean, decreasing revenues before reimbursements by 1.6%. Revenues were positively impacted by segment unit volume, measured principally by cases received, which increased by 4.9% during this period. In addition, an overall unfavorable change in the mix of services provided and in the rates charged for those services also decreased revenues by approximately 1.0% in 2013 compared with 2012. The decline in revenues in U.S. Claims Services primarily resulted from a lack of major weather-related events, and an increase in the number of claims that clients insource. The decline in revenues in U.S. Claims Services was mitigated in part by flood losses in Canada that were partially serviced by U.S.-based adjusters. The cases received from the Canadian flooding are reported as case volumes in Canada below. Revenues resulting from these cases were split between the U.S. and Canada based on the country from which the adjuster handling the claim was based. The overall decline in U.S. Claims Services was offset by increases in revenues from Contractor Connection. Contractor Connection revenues increased due to the ongoing expansion of this service as an alternative property claims service solution as insurance carriers continued the trend of moving high-frequency, low-complexity property cases directly to repair networks. Contractor Connection revenues were also positively impacted by a price increase that was effective on July 1, 2013. The revenue increase in Canada was primarily due to claims resulting from the aforementioned flood losses in Canada. Revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean increased approximately 38.0% in local currency. The increase in 2013 was primarily due to an increase in claim volume associated with the automotive and marine business lines. 23 Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Americas segment which are included in total Company revenues were $19.8 million in 2013, increasing from $18.0 million in 2012. The increase in 2013 was due primarily to increased expenses resulting from the increased claims related to the flood losses in Canada. Case Volume Analysis Americas unit volumes by underlying case category, as measured by cases received, for 2013 and 2012 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, U.S. Claims Field Operations U.S. Technical Services U.S. Catastrophe Services Subtotal U.S. Claims Services Contractor Connection Subtotal U.S. Property & Casualty Canada—all service lines Latin America/Caribbean—all service lines Total Americas Cases Received 2013 199,296 6,384 36,134 241,814 174,653 416,467 147,233 69,605 633,305 2012 200,175 8,388 61,346 269,909 157,953 427,862 121,321 54,264 603,447 Variance (0.4)% (23.9)% (41.1)% (10.4)% 10.6 % (2.7)% 21.4 % 28.3 % 4.9 % The 2013 decrease in U.S. Claims Services cases was primarily due to the lack of major weather-related claims activity in the U.S. and decisions by clients to insource certain claims handling functions. The 2013 increase in Contractor Connection cases was due to the ongoing expansion of our contractor network and to the continued trend in the insurance industry of shifting to contractor programs as an alternative property claims solution for high-frequency, low-complexity property cases, which we expect to continue for the foreseeable future. The 2013 increase in cases in Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean was due to increases in high-frequency, low- complexity automotive and affinity claims and the aforementioned flood losses in Canada. Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits The most significant expense in our Americas segment is the compensation of employees, including related payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Americas direct compensation and fringe benefits expense, as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements, was 61.6% for 2013 and 63.5% for 2012. There was an average of 2,675 FTEs (including 197 catastrophe adjusters) in 2013 compared with an average of 2,680 (including 181 catastrophe adjusters) in 2012. Americas salaries and wages decreased 0.9%, to $178.4 million in 2013 from $179.9 million in 2012. Salaries and wages decreased $3.4 million due to a combination of the decline in the average number of FTEs and related lower overall average salaries and wages. This decrease was partially offset by a $1.9 million increase in incentive compensation expense due to the improved results. The lower average salaries resulted from changes in product mix that provided the segment the opportunity to use lower cost personnel as well as the segment's focus on creating a more variable labor force. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits for Americas totaled $32.5 million in 2013, decreasing 0.3% from 2012 expenses of $32.4 million. The overall decrease in 2013 compared with 2012 aligned with the decreased salaries and wages. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Americas expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits increased from $110.3 million in 2012 to $112.8 million in 2013, primarily due to a $1.0 million increase in outsourced service costs associated with handling superstorm Sandy claims, a $1.7 million increase in outsourced service costs in Canada in order to handle the increase in automotive claims, a $1.8 million increase in expenses at Contractor Connection resulting from the increase in revenues, and $0.3 million of increases in various other expenses, partially offset by a $2.3 million gain from the sale of the rights to a customer contract in Latin America. 24 EMEA/AP SEGMENT Operating Earnings EMEA/AP operating earnings decreased to $32.2 million in 2013, a decrease of 33.7% from 2012 operating earnings of $48.5 million. The operating margin decreased from 13.2% in 2012 to 9.2% in 2013. This 2013 revenue decrease was due to a $30.2 million reduction in revenues associated with the 2011 Thailand floods and a decline in U.K. revenues, which were partially offset by increased claims volume and new sales of approximately $13.0 million in the core property and casualty markets in CEMEA and Asia-Pacific. Revenues before Reimbursements EMEA/AP revenues are primarily derived from the property and casualty insurance company market, with additional revenues from the self-insured market. Revenues before reimbursements by major region were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 Variance U.K. CEMEA Asia-Pacific (In thousands) $ 119,747 $ 133,436 112,374 118,043 97,396 135,886 Total EMEA/AP Revenues before Reimbursements $ 350,164 $ 366,718 (10.3)% 15.4 % (13.1)% (4.5)% Revenues before reimbursements from our EMEA/AP segment totaled $350.2 million in 2013, a 4.5% decrease from $366.7 million in 2012. Compared with 2012, the U.S. dollar was stronger in 2013 against most major EMEA/AP currencies, resulting in a negative impact from exchange rate movements of $5.7 million, or 1.5%, of segment revenues from 2012 to 2013. Excluding the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations, EMEA/AP revenues would have been $355.8 million in 2013, reflecting a decline in revenues on a constant dollar basis of 3.0%. U.K. revenues declined due to a reduction in claims in the market, largely attributable to benign weather, lower reported fire and crime incidents and insourcing by some insurers when compared with the prior year. The increase in revenue in CEMEA for 2013 compared with 2012 was primarily due to an increase in high-frequency, low-complexity motor and residential claims from new and existing clients in Scandinavia, flooding in Germany and a $900,000 performance bonus from a client. The lower revenues in Asia-Pacific were associated with an expected decline in fees for the ongoing handling of claims resulting from the 2011 Thailand flooding event. Revenues from Thailand were $16.3 million for 2013 compared with $37.0 million for 2012. Claims handling associated with the Thailand flooding event was substantially completed at the end of 2013. EMEA/AP unit volume, measured by cases received, increased 2.7% in 2013 compared with 2012. Average revenue per claim decreased 5.7% from changes in the mix of services provided and in the rates charged for those services, primarily due to the decline in Thailand revenues, changes in the U.K. market and the additional high-frequency, low-complexity claim volumes in CEMEA. Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our EMEA/AP segment which are included in total Company revenues decreased to $33.4 million in 2013 from $40.2 million in 2012. Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses were higher in 2012 because of the increased expenses associated with handling the Thailand flood claims. 25 Case Volume Analysis EMEA/AP unit volumes by region for 2013 and 2012 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, U.K. CEMEA Asia-Pacific Total EMEA/AP Cases Received 2013 91,587 227,910 149,016 468,513 2012 120,850 188,843 146,406 456,099 Variance (24.2)% 20.7 % 1.8 % 2.7 % The decrease in cases received in the U.K. was primarily due to the benign weather, lower fire and crime incidents and lower reported claims in the market as a whole. The increase in CEMEA cases resulted primarily from summer storms and associated flooding in Germany. In addition, the Scandinavian market saw an increase in high-frequency, low-complexity motor and residential claims from new and existing clients. Asia-Pacific grew their overall claims volumes through a mix of high-frequency, low-complexity automotive and affinity business in Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore coupled with growth in Australia. Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits As a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements, direct compensation expense, including related payroll taxes and fringe benefits, increased to 63.6% in 2013 from 60.2% in 2012. The percentage increase primarily reflected changes in the mix of services provided and lower utilization of our staff within EMEA/AP after the Thailand floods,which returned the percentage to historical operating levels. The dollar amount of these expenses increased in 2013 by $2.0 million. There was an average of 3,045 EMEA/AP FTEs in 2013, a slight decrease from 3,067 in 2012 due to a decline in FTEs in the U.K. partially offset by an increase in FTEs in Asia-Pacific. Salaries and wages of EMEA/AP segment personnel increased slightly to $188.7 million in 2013 compared with $188.5 million in 2012, increasing as a percent of revenues before reimbursements from 51.4% in 2012 to 53.9% in 2013. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits increased 5.6% to $34.1 million in 2013 compared with $32.3 million in 2012, primarily due to higher defined benefit pension expense in the U.K. and CEMEA. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits increased as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements from 26.6% in 2012 to 27.2% in 2013, but the dollar amount of these expenses decreased by $2.2 million, primarily resulting from lower professional fees and a reduction in bad debt expense due to improved collections. BROADSPIRE SEGMENT Operating Earnings Broadspire recorded operating earnings of $8.2 million in 2013, or 3.3% of revenues, compared with breakeven operating earnings in 2012. The improvement over the prior year was due to higher revenues and improved control over operating expenses. The results for 2013 included a one-time increase in revenues and operating earnings of approximately $3.0 million due to Broadspire being relieved of the obligation to continue to service certain clients' claims under lifetime pricing contracts and the associated release of the remaining deferred revenue for those claims. Operating earnings were also positively impacted by higher medical management revenues. 26 Revenues before Reimbursements Broadspire segment revenues are primarily derived from providing a complete range of claims and risk management services to clients in the self-insured or commercially insured marketplace. In addition to field investigation and evaluation of claims, Broadspire also offers initial loss reporting services for claimants; loss mitigation services, such as medical bill review, medical case management and vocational rehabilitation; risk management information services; and administration of trust funds established to pay claims. Broadspire revenues before reimbursements by major service line were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 Variance Workers' Compensation and Liability Claims Management Medical Management Risk Management Information Services Total Broadspire Revenues before Reimbursements (In thousands) 107,624 $ 128,802 15,816 100,051 122,833 16,076 252,242 $ 238,960 $ $ 7.6 % 4.9 % (1.6)% 5.6 % Broadspire segment revenues before reimbursements increased 5.6% to $252.2 million in 2013 compared with $239.0 million in 2012. Unit volumes for the Broadspire segment, measured principally by cases received, increased 13.5% from 2012 to 2013. Approximately 2.1% of the volume increase for 2013 compared with the same period in 2012 was due to the addition of approximately 5,000 incident reports from a major client in 2013, discussed below. The increase in revenues for 2013 compared with 2012 was primarily due to market share gains, increased client retention and increased medical management services referrals. The year was also positively impacted by the one-time increase in workers' compensation and liability claims management revenues of approximately $3.0 million previously discussed, or 1.3% of revenues. After adjusting for the incident-only cases and the one-time benefit, the overall mix of services provided and the rates charged for those services accounted for a decrease of 7.1% for 2013 compared with 2012. Revenues for a special project for one of our clients are charged at a lower rate than some of our other service lines and our medical management cases have a shorter duration and therefore less revenues associated with them. Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Broadspire segment which are included in total Company revenues were $4.0 million in 2013, increasing from $3.9 million in 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to higher travel expenses incurred by our medical field case management personnel. Case Volume Analysis Broadspire unit volumes by major underlying case category, as measured by cases received, for 2013 and 2012 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Workers’ Compensation Casualty Other Total Broadspire Cases Received 2013 156,742 80,457 34,920 272,119 2012 152,160 62,407 25,274 239,841 Variance 3.0% 28.9% 38.2% 13.5% The 2013 increase in workers’ compensation cases was a result of a higher number of claims and referral levels in field case and medical management. The increase in casualty cases in 2013 compared with 2012 was due in part to a new client adding a significant number of claims for the year. Casualty cases in 2013 were also positively impacted by the receipt in the first quarter of 2013 of approximately 5,000 incident reports from a major client for which we receive little or no revenue and incur little or no associated costs. The 2013 increases in other cases were primarily due to additional referrals in utilization management. 27 Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Our most significant expense in our Broadspire segment is the compensation of employees, including related payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Broadspire direct compensation and fringe benefits expense, as a percent of the related revenues before reimbursements, decreased to 51.3% in 2013, compared with 54.2% in 2012. This decrease was due to both higher utilization and lower costs due to a decrease in the number of employees. Average FTEs totaled 1,595 in 2013, down from 1,659 in 2012. Broadspire segment salaries and wages increased 0.5%, to $108.0 million in 2013 from $107.5 million in 2012, due to a $2.2 million increase in incentive compensation expense as a result of the improvement in operating results, which was partially offset by a $1.7 million reduction in salaries and wages resulting from the decline in the average number of FTEs. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits for our Broadspire segment totaled $21.3 million in 2013, decreasing 3.2% from 2012 expenses of $22.0 million, due to the decline in the average number of FTEs. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Broadspire segment expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits decreased as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements to 45.4% in 2013 from 45.8% in 2012. Total 2013 expenses increased by $5.2 million compared with 2012, primarily due to the increased use of outsourced service providers required to service the increased revenues. LEGAL SETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION SEGMENT As expected, Legal Settlement Administration revenues in 2013 have declined compared with prior year levels primarily because of lower revenues from the Deepwater Horizon class action settlement project. Declines in Deepwater Horizon revenues have been partially offset by a number of other meaningful class action and bankruptcy projects. We expect activity in this special project to continue during 2014, although at a reduced rate. No assurances of timing of the Deepwater Horizon project end date and, therefore continued significant revenues from this project, can be provided. Operating Earnings Our Legal Settlement Administration segment reported 2013 operating earnings of $46.8 million, decreasing 22.4% from $60.3 million in 2012, with the related operating margin decreasing from 25.5% in 2012 to 21.4% in 2013. The changes in the operating margin were primarily the result of changes in the mix of services provided. Revenues before Reimbursements Legal Settlement Administration revenues are primarily derived from legal settlement administration services related to securities, product liability, other class action settlements, and bankruptcies, primarily in the U.S. Legal Settlement Administration revenues before reimbursements decreased 7.5% to $218.8 million in 2013, compared with $236.6 million in 2012. Legal Settlement Administration revenues are project-based and can fluctuate significantly due primarily to the timing of projects awarded. The decrease in Legal Settlement Administration revenues was due primarily to the tapering of the special project discussed above. At December 31, 2013, we had an estimated backlog of awarded projects totaling $108.2 million, compared with $151.9 million at December 31, 2012. Of the $108.2 million backlog at December 31, 2013, an estimated $91.2 million is expected to be included in revenues within the next 12 months. Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues The nature and volume of work performed in our Legal Settlement Administration segment typically requires more reimbursable out-of-pocket expenditures than our other operating segments. Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Legal Settlement Administration segment which are included in total Company revenues were $32.7 million in 2013, increasing from $27.3 million in 2012. Reimbursable expenses vary from year to year primarily due to the number of large mailings each year and the mail method utilized (i.e., express mail versus normal mail delivery). 28 Transaction Volume Legal Settlement Administration services are generally project-based and not denominated by individual claims. Depending upon the nature of projects and their respective stages of completion, the volume of transactions or tasks performed by us in any period can vary, sometimes significantly. Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Legal Settlement Administration direct compensation expense, including related payroll taxes and fringe benefits, as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements, increased to 39.2% in 2013, compared with 35.8% in 2012. There was an average of 690 FTEs in 2013, compared with an average of 602 in 2012 as some outsourced service providers were hired as employees on a full-time basis. Legal Settlement Administration salaries and wages, including incentive compensation, increased 0.2% to $76.0 million in 2013 from $75.9 million in 2012. Incentive compensation expense declined by $2.4 million, which almost offset the increase in compensation from the increased number of FTEs. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits for Legal Settlement Administration totaled $9.8 million in 2013, increasing 12.6% from 2012 costs of $8.7 million. This 2013 increase was primarily due to the increase in the number of FTEs in 2013. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits One of our most significant expenses in Legal Settlement Administration is outsourced services due to the variable, project-based nature of our work. Legal Settlement Administration expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits decreased 5.9% to $86.3 million in 2013 from $91.7 million in 2012, but increased as a percent of related segment revenues before reimbursements to 39.4% in 2013 from 38.7% in 2012. The dollar amount of these expenses decreased as a result of lower outsourced services expenses because of a shift in the mix of projects and the increased hiring discussed above. The increase as a percent of revenues before reimbursement was because expenses such as rent and deprecation, included in this category, are more fixed in nature and did not decline as revenues declined. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011 AMERICAS SEGMENT Operating Earnings Operating earnings for our Americas segment decreased from $20.0 million in 2011 to $11.9 million in 2012, representing an operating margin of 3.6% in 2012 compared with 5.6% in 2011. The decrease in 2012 was primarily due to a lack of weather-related claims in the U.S. and Canada, particularly in the first six months of 2012 as compared with 2011. Claims from superstorm Sandy in the northeastern U.S. improved results toward the end of 2012. Revenues before Reimbursements Americas revenues before reimbursements by major service line in the U.S. and by area for other regions were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 Variance U.S. Claims Field Operations U.S. Technical Services U.S. Catastrophe Services Subtotal U.S. Claims Services Contractor Connection Subtotal U.S. Property & Casualty Canada—all service lines Latin America/Caribbean—all service lines Total Revenues before Reimbursements 29 (In thousands) $ 105,932 $ 113,597 29,122 38,504 173,558 27,470 201,028 120,767 12,636 32,232 37,648 183,477 22,678 206,155 136,177 15,540 $ 334,431 $ 357,872 (6.7)% (9.6)% 2.3 % (5.4)% 21.1 % (2.5)% (11.3)% (18.7)% (6.6)% For the year ended December 31, 2012 compared with the year ended December 31, 2011, the U.S. dollar strengthened against most foreign currencies in Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean, decreasing revenues before reimbursements by 0.8%. Revenues were also negatively impacted by segment unit volume, measured principally by cases received, which decreased by 2.1% during this period. In addition, an overall unfavorable change in the mix of services provided and in the rates charged for those services decreased revenues by approximately 3.7% in 2012 compared with 2011. The overall decline in revenues in U.S. Claims Services was primarily due to declines in U.S. Claims Field Operations and U.S. Technical Services revenues resulting from a lack of non-catastrophic weather-related events. These declines were partially offset by an increase in revenues from U.S. Catastrophe Services. U.S. Catastrophe Services revenues increased in the fourth quarter of 2012 as a result of superstorm Sandy to finish the year 2.3% higher than 2011. Contractor Connection revenues increased due to the ongoing expansion of this service as an alternative property claims service solution as insurance carriers continued the trend of moving high-frequency, low-complexity property cases directly to repair networks. The overall revenue decrease in Canada was primarily due to a decrease in the number of cases received resulting from the lack of weather-related events, carrier decisions to outsource fewer claims, a stronger U.S. dollar, and regulatory reforms to Ontario's automobile insurance legislation, which substantially reduced both frequency and severity of accident benefit claims. Revenues in Latin America and the Caribbean decreased approximately 10.7% in local currency. The decrease in 2012 was primarily due to competitive pricing pressure and the decision by several clients in Brazil to keep their claims in-house rather than outsourcing them to us. Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Americas segment which are included in total Company revenues were $18.0 million in 2012, increasing from $16.6 million in 2011. The increase in 2012 was due primarily to increases in billable expenses related to cases resulting from superstorm Sandy. Case Volume Analysis Americas unit volumes by underlying case category, as measured by cases received, for 2012 and 2011 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, U.S. Claims Field Operations U.S. Technical Services U.S. Catastrophe Services Subtotal U.S. Claims Services Contractor Connection Subtotal U.S. Property & Casualty Canada—all service lines Latin America/Caribbean—all service lines Total Americas Cases Received 2012 200,175 8,388 61,346 269,909 157,953 427,862 121,321 54,264 603,447 2011 232,449 9,466 52,982 294,897 132,343 427,240 137,678 51,509 616,427 Variance (13.9)% (11.4)% 15.8 % (8.5)% 19.4 % 0.1 % (11.9)% 5.3 % (2.1)% The 2012 decrease in U.S. Claims Field Operations, U.S. Technical Services, and Canada cases was primarily due to lower industry-wide claims volumes, primarily due to a reduction in weather-related events in the first six months of 2012, which resulted in fewer cases referred to us from our clients. The 2012 increase in Contractor Connection cases was due to the ongoing expansion of our contractor network and to the continued trend in the insurance industry of shifting to contractor programs as an alternative property claims solution for high-frequency, low-complexity property cases and also to additional cases from superstorm Sandy. The 2012 increase in U.S. Catastrophe Services cases was primarily due a large influx of cases in the fourth quarter of 2012 resulting from superstorm Sandy. The 2012 increase in cases in Latin America and the Caribbean was primarily due to growth in high-frequency, low- complexity claims activity in Mexico and Brazil. 30 Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Americas direct compensation and fringe benefits expense, as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements, was 63.5% for 2012 and 63.4% for 2011. There was an average of 2,680 FTEs (including 181 catastrophe adjusters) in 2012 compared with an average of 2,844 (including 172 catastrophe adjusters) in 2011. The number of full-time equivalent employees was reduced in response to the decline in case volumes and was evident in reduced costs. Americas salaries and wages decreased 6.5% to $179.9 million in 2012 from $192.5 million in 2011. Approximately $2.2 million of the decrease was due to changes in exchange rates, with the remainder due to a reduction in the number of FTEs. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits for Americas totaled $32.4 million in 2012, decreasing 6.1% from 2011 expenses of $34.5 million. The overall decrease in 2012 compared with 2011 aligned with the decreased salaries and wages. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Americas expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits were relatively unchanged at $110.9 million in 2011 compared with $110.3 million in 2012. These expenses are more fixed in nature and increased as a percent of Americas revenues before reimbursements due to the overall decline in revenues to 32.9% in 2012 from 31.0% in 2011. EMEA/AP SEGMENT Operating Earnings EMEA/AP operating earnings increased to $48.5 million in 2012, an increase of 72.6% from 2011 operating earnings of $28.1 million. The operating margin increased from 8.3% in 2011 to 13.2% in 2012. The increase in EMEA/AP operating earnings was primarily due to higher claim handling fees in 2012 resulting from the 2011 Thailand flooding event and other weather-related activity in Australia, partially offset by declines in weather-related activity in the U.K. Revenues before Reimbursements EMEA/AP revenues before reimbursements by major region were as follows: Year Ended December 31, U.K. CEMEA Asia-Pacific Total EMEA/AP Revenues before Reimbursements 2012 2011 Variance (In thousands) $ 133,436 $ 149,053 (10.5)% 97,396 135,886 95,599 95,438 $ 366,718 $ 340,090 1.9 % 42.4 % 7.8 % Revenues before reimbursements from our EMEA/AP segment totaled $366.7 million in 2012, a 7.8% increase from $340.1 million in 2011. This 2012 revenue increase was due to the ongoing handling of claims resulting from the 2011 Thailand flooding event and weather-related activity in Australia. Revenues from Thailand were $37.0 million for 2012 compared with $4.9 million for 2011. Compared with 2011, the U.S. dollar was stronger in 2012 against most major foreign currencies, resulting in a negative impact from exchange rate movements of $10.4 million, or 3.0%, on this segment’s revenues from 2011 to 2012. Excluding the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations, EMEA/AP revenues would have been $377.1 million in 2012, reflecting growth in revenues on a constant dollar basis of 10.8%. U.K. revenues declined due to a reduction in weather-related activity compared with the prior year. The slight increase in revenue in CEMEA for 2012 compared with 2011 was primarily due to growth in high-frequency, low-complexity claims in Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, and the Netherlands resulting from market share gains and a new volume-claims product. EMEA/AP unit volume, measured by cases received, decreased 3.5% in 2012 compared with 2011. This decrease primarily reflected decreased case referrals during 2012 as discussed below. Average revenue per claim increased 14.3% from changes in the mix of services provided and in the rates charged for those services, primarily due to the increase in revenues from the Thailand flooding event. 31 Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our EMEA/AP segment which are included in total Company revenues increased to $40.2 million in 2012 from $35.2 million in 2011. This increase in 2012 was due primarily to reimbursed expenses from the increased weather-related activity in Asia-Pacific. Case Volume Analysis EMEA/AP unit volumes by region for 2012 and 2011 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, U.K. CEMEA Asia-Pacific Total EMEA/AP Cases Received 2012 120,850 188,843 146,406 456,099 2011 159,294 156,972 156,293 472,559 Variance (24.1)% 20.3 % (6.3)% (3.5)% The decrease in cases received in the U.K. was primarily due to a decline in weather-related activity from 2011 to 2012. The increase in CEMEA cases resulted primarily from growth in high-frequency, low-complexity claims in Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, and the Netherlands. The decrease in Asia-Pacific cases was due to a decline in new weather-related cases in Australia and fewer high-frequency, low-complexity claims in Singapore and Malaysia, partially offset by an increase in cases in China. Many of the flood-related cases in Thailand and Australia were received in 2011, with the revenues from these cases recognized as it was earned. Accordingly, changes in revenues may not match changes in the number of cases received in any period. Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits As a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements, direct compensation expense, including related payroll taxes and fringe benefits, decreased to 60.2% in 2012 from 65.2% in 2011. The percentage decrease primarily reflected increased utilization of our staff. The dollar amount of these expenses decreased in 2012 by $1.1 million. Changes in exchange rates decreased direct compensation and fringe benefits expenses by approximately $6.5 million in 2012 compared with 2011. Within the segment, there was a $5.2 million local currency reduction in direct compensation and fringe benefits in the U.K. and CEMEA in 2012 compared with 2011 primarily due to a $4.3 million reduction in pension expense in 2012 compared with 2011. This decline was offset by a $10.7 million local currency increase in compensation costs in Asia-Pacific in 2012 compared with 2011 primarily as a result of an increase in staff required to administer claims from the Thailand floods and weather-related cases in Australia and higher incentive compensation expense. There was an average of 3,067 EMEA/AP FTEs in 2012, a slight decrease from 3,114 in 2011 with a decline in FTEs in the U.K. partially offset by an increase in FTEs in Asia-Pacific. Salaries and wages of EMEA/AP segment personnel increased 1.2% to $188.5 million in 2012 compared with $186.3 million in 2011, decreasing as a percent of revenues before reimbursements from 54.8% in 2011 to 51.4% in 2012. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits decreased 9.3% to $32.3 million in 2012 compared with $35.6 million in 2011. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits increased as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements from 26.5% in 2011 to 26.6% in 2012, and the dollar amount of these expenses increased by $7.3 million. In local currency, the increase would have been approximately $10.1 million, with the increase primarily resulting from higher outsourced services expenses incurred to administer the Thailand flood claims. 32 BROADSPIRE SEGMENT Operating Earnings (Loss) Broadspire recorded operating earnings of $21,000 in 2012, compared with an operating loss of $11.4 million, or (4.9)% of segment revenues before reimbursements in 2011. The improvement over the prior year was due to a combination of increased revenues and higher utilization of our employees, as well as the benefit of ongoing cost control measures. Revenues before Reimbursements Broadspire revenues before reimbursements by major service line were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2012 2011 Variance Workers' Compensation and Liability Claims Management Medical Management Risk Management Information Services (In thousands) $ 100,051 $ 122,833 16,076 100,039 118,205 16,531 Total Broadspire Revenues before Reimbursements $ 238,960 $ 234,775 — % 3.9 % (2.8)% 1.8 % Broadspire segment revenues before reimbursements increased 1.8% to $239.0 million in 2012 compared with $234.8 million in 2011. Unit volumes for the Broadspire segment, measured principally by cases received, increased 5.0% from 2011 to 2012. Revenues declined 3.2% from changes in the mix of services provided and in the rates charged for those services. Revenues for a special project for one of our clients are charged at a lower rate than some of our other service lines. Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Broadspire segment which are included in total Company revenues were $3.9 million in 2012, increasing from $3.7 million in 2011. This increase was primarily attributable to higher travel expenses incurred by our medical field case management personnel. Case Volume Analysis Broadspire unit volumes by major underlying case category, as measured by cases received, for 2012 and 2011 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Workers’ Compensation Casualty Other Total Broadspire Cases Received 2012 152,160 62,407 25,274 239,841 2011 137,912 68,243 22,239 228,394 Variance 10.3 % (8.6)% 13.6 % 5.0 % The 2012 increase in workers’ compensation cases was a result of market share gains, increased client retention, improving economic conditions and declines in the U.S. unemployment rate. The decrease in casualty cases in 2012 compared with 2011 was a result of a reduction in the number of cases in 2012 related to an ongoing special project for one of our clients, which began in late 2010. The 2012 increases in other cases were primarily due to increases in health management services resulting from employers that added such services to their employee benefits programs in 2012. Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Broadspire direct compensation and fringe benefits expense, as a percent of the related revenues before reimbursements, decreased to 54.2% in 2012, compared with 57.8% in 2011. This decrease was due to both higher revenues and lower costs due to a decrease in the number of employees. Average FTEs totaled 1,659 in 2012, down from 1,817 in 2011. Broadspire segment salaries and wages decreased 4.5%, to $107.5 million in 2012 from $112.6 million in 2011, reflecting the decline in FTEs in 2012. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits for our Broadspire segment totaled $22.0 million in 2012, decreasing 4.3% from 2011 expenses of $23.0 million, corresponding to the salaries and wages decreases. 33 Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Broadspire segment expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits decreased as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements to 45.8% in 2012 from 47.1% in 2011. Total 2012 expenses declined slightly compared with 2011, primarily due to the ongoing cost control measures partially offset by higher medical bill review fees as a result of the increase in medical management revenues. LEGAL SETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION SEGMENT Operating Earnings Our Legal Settlement Administration segment reported 2012 operating earnings of $60.3 million, increasing 17.5% from $51.3 million in 2011, with the related operating margin decreasing from 26.6% in 2011 to 25.5% in 2012. The changes in the operating margin were primarily the result of the mix of services provided. Revenues before Reimbursements Legal Settlement Administration revenues before reimbursements increased 22.8% to $236.6 million in 2012, compared with $192.6 million in 2011. The growth in Legal Settlement Administration revenues was due primarily to the Gulf Coast Claims Facility and Deepwater Horizon special projects. Reimbursed Expenses Included in Total Revenues Reimbursements for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in our Legal Settlement Administration segment which are included in total Company revenues were $27.3 million in 2012, decreasing from $30.5 million in 2011. Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Legal Settlement Administration direct compensation expense, including related payroll taxes and fringe benefits, as a percent of segment revenues before reimbursements, decreased to 35.8% in 2012, compared with 37.4% in 2011. There was an average of 602 FTEs in 2012, compared with an average of 542 in 2011. Legal Settlement Administration salaries and wages, including incentive compensation, increased 17.1% to $75.9 million in 2012 from $64.8 million in 2011. Payroll taxes and fringe benefits for Legal Settlement Administration totaled $8.7 million in 2012, increasing 20.8% from 2011 costs of $7.2 million. This 2012 increase was primarily due to higher bonuses and other incentive compensation due to the improved results, merit pay increases and an increase in the number of FTEs in 2012. Expenses Other than Reimbursements, Direct Compensation and Fringe Benefits Legal Settlement Administration expenses other than reimbursements, direct compensation and fringe benefits increased as a percent of related segment revenues before reimbursements to 38.7% in 2012 from 36.0% in 2011 as a result of the increased use of outsourced service providers to assist with special projects. 34 EXPENSES AND CREDITS EXCLUDED FROM SEGMENT OPERATING EARNINGS Income Taxes Our consolidated effective income tax rate for financial reporting purposes may change periodically due to changes in enacted tax rates, fluctuations in the mix of income earned from our various domestic and international operations, which are subject to income taxes at different rates, our ability to utilize loss and tax credit carryforwards, and amounts related to uncertain income tax positions. Income tax provisions totaled $29.8 million, $33.7 million, and $12.7 million for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Our effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes was 36.7%, 40.4%, and 21.8% for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Fluctuations in the mix of income earned in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates decreased the overall effective rate in 2013 as compared with 2012. In 2011, we determined that we no longer needed a $5.5 million valuation allowance on certain U.S. foreign tax credits, and we reduced our tax expense accordingly. Based on our 2014 operating plans, we anticipate our effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes in 2014 to be in the 33% to 35% range before considering any discrete items. The U.K. Finance Bill 2013 was enacted in 2013. This bill includes a change in the main U.K. corporation tax rate from its current 23% rate to 21% effective April 1, 2014 and to 20% effective April 1, 2015. This tax rate change, along with other rate changes around the world, resulted in additional tax expense of approximately $1.7 million in 2013 primarily because the value of the U.K. deferred tax assets declined with the decrease in the tax rate. Net Corporate Interest Expense Net corporate interest expense consists of interest expense that we incur on our short- and long-term borrowings, partially offset by interest income we earn on available cash balances and short-term investments. These amounts vary based on interest rates, borrowings outstanding, the effect of any interest rate swaps, and the amounts of invested cash. Corporate interest expense totaled $7.2 million, $9.6 million, and $16.9 million for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The decrease in interest expense over the three year period was due primarily to the reduction in interest rates and the amount of borrowings outstanding. Corporate interest income totaled $0.8 million, $1.0 million, and $1.0 million in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Corporate interest income decreased in 2013 compared with 2011 and 2012 due to a decrease in available cash balances in 2013. We pay interest based on variable rates. Whether we can expect to see future reductions in interest expense compared with prior periods is dependent on the future direction of interest rates as well as the level of outstanding borrowings relative to prior periods. Stock Option Expense Stock option expense, a component of stock-based compensation, is comprised of non-cash expenses related to stock options granted under our various stock option and employee stock purchase plans. Stock option expense is not allocated to our operating segments. Stock option expense of $0.9 million, $0.4 million and $0.5 million was recognized during 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Other stock-based compensation expense related to our Executive Stock Bonus Plan (pursuant to which we have authority to grant performance shares and restricted shares) is charged to our operating segments and included in the determination of segment operating earnings or loss. Amortization of Customer-Relationship Intangible Assets Amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets represents the non-cash amortization expense for finite-lived customer-relationship and trade name intangible assets. Amortization expense associated with these intangible assets totaled $6.4 million, $6.4 million, and $6.2 million in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. This amortization is included in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Unallocated Corporate and Shared Costs and Credits Certain unallocated costs and credits are excluded from the determination of segment operating earnings (loss). These unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits represent costs of our frozen U.S. defined benefit pension plan, expenses for our chief executive officer and our Board of Directors, certain adjustments to our self-insured liabilities, certain unallocated professional fees, costs of our cross currency swap, and certain adjustments and recoveries to our allowances for doubtful accounts receivable. From time to time, we evaluate which corporate costs and credits are appropriately allocated to one or more of our operating segments. If changes are made to our allocation methodology, prior period allocations are revised to conform to our then-current allocation methodology. 35 Unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits were $10.8 million, $10.5 million, and $9.4 million in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. These costs increased in 2013 compared with 2012 due primarily to a $2.0 million increase in professional fees and $0.4 million of increases in various other expenses, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in our U.S. defined benefit plan expense. These costs increased in 2012 compared with 2011 due primarily to a $2.1 million increase in our U.S. defined benefit plan expense, a $1.2 million increase in professional fees, and a $0.6 million increase in bad debt expense. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.9 million in unallocated legal costs associated with arbitration proceedings, a $0.7 million decrease in expense related to our U.S./Canada cross-currency swap, and $0.2 million decrease in other expenses. Special Charges and Credits There were no special charges or credits in 2013. Special charges in 2012 consisted of $1.2 million for severance costs, $0.6 million for retention bonuses, $0.8 million for temporary labor costs, and $0.1 million for other expenses related to a project to outsource certain aspects of our U.S. technology infrastructure; $4.3 million to adjust the estimated loss on a leased facility the Company no longer uses; and $3.4 million for severance costs and $0.8 million for lease termination costs, primarily related to restructuring activities in our North American operations. Special charges and credits in 2011 consisted of a purchase price dispute arbitration award of $7.0 million, partially offset by a $3.4 million write-off of deferred financing costs related to the repayment of our then-outstanding Term Loan B and $1.2 million in severance expense related to the Broadspire segment. Liquidity, Capital Resources, and Financial Condition We fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and acquisitions from net cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under bank credit facilities. We may use interest rate swap instruments from time to time to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates on portions of our outstanding debt. At the inception of the swaps we usually designate such swaps as cash flow hedges of the interest rate exposure on an equivalent amount of our floating rate debt. During 2012, our interest rate swap agreement expired and as a result amounts deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income, which were not significant, were reclassified into earnings. On November 25, 2013, we entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, Amendment to Pledge and Security Agreement and Limited Waiver (the “Amendment”), which amended, among other things, that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2011 (as amended, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility included as borrowing parties Crawford & Company Risk Services Investments Limited, Crawford & Company (Canada) Inc. and Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd., each a subsidiary of the Company. In connection with the discussions of the Credit Facility, the Company and these subsidiaries are individually referred to as a “Borrower” and collectively referred to as the “Borrowers.” Additionally, these subsidiaries are sometimes individually referred to as a “Foreign Borrower” and collectively referred to as the “Foreign Borrowers.” The Amendment: (1) increased the aggregate commitments under the Credit Facility from $325.0 million to $400.0 million, without impacting our ability, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and the receipt of additional commitments, to exercise our option to further increase the revolving loan commitments under the Credit Facility by up to $100.0 million; (ii) extended the maturity date of the Credit Facility from December 8, 2016 to November 25, 2018; (iii) reduced by 25 basis points the applicable margin used to determine interest rates on borrowings under the Credit Facility; (iv) reduced by 5 basis points the unused commitment fee under the Credit Facility; (v) provides us with the ability to undertake a one-time repurchase of shares of our common stock in an amount of up to $25.0 million prior to December 31, 2015, subject to compliance with certain conditions; and (vi) increased the leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) with which we must comply from 3.0:1.0 to 3.25:1.0, among other things. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, a total of $135.0 million and $163.3 million, respectively, was outstanding under the Credit Facility. In addition, undrawn commitments under letters of credit totaling $17.8 million and $18.2 million were outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, under the letters of credit subfacility of the Credit Facility. These letter of credit commitments were for our own obligations. Including the amounts committed under the letters of credit subfacility, the available balance of the revolving credit portion of the Credit Facility totaled $247.2 million and $145.6 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 36 Borrowings under the Credit Facility, may be made in U.S. dollars, Euros, the currencies of Canada, Japan, Australia or United Kingdom, and, subject to the terms of the Credit Facility, other currencies. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the option of the applicable Borrower, based on the Base Rate (as defined below) or the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), in each case plus an applicable interest margin based on our leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility), provided that borrowings in foreign currencies may bear interest based on LIBOR only. The interest margin for LIBOR loans ranges from 1.50% to 2.25% and for Base Rate loans ranges from 0.50% to 1.25%. Base Rate is defined as the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, plus 1/2 of 1%, (ii) the prime commercial lending rate of the Administrative Agent and (iii) LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.0%. The representations, covenants, and events of default in the Credit Facility are customary for financing transactions of this nature, including required compliance with a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (each as defined below). Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lenders may terminate the loan commitments, accelerate all loans and exercise any of their rights under the Credit Facility and ancillary loan documents. The obligations of the Borrowers under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by each of our existing domestic subsidiaries and certain existing material foreign subsidiaries that are disregarded entities for U.S. income tax purposes (each a "Disregarded Foreign Entity"), and such obligations are required to be guaranteed by each subsequently acquired or formed material domestic subsidiary and Disregarded Foreign Entity (each, a "Guarantor"), and the obligations of the Foreign Borrowers are also guaranteed. In addition, the Borrowers' obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the personal property of us and the Guarantors, including, without limitation, intellectual property, 100% of our capital stock in the Guarantors' present and future domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting stock and 100% of the non-voting stock issued by any present and future first-tier material foreign subsidiary of us or any Guarantor. In addition, the obligations of the Foreign Borrowers are secured by a first priority lien on 100% of the capital stock of the Foreign Borrowers. We are not aware of any additional restrictions placed on us, or being considered to be placed on us, related to our ability to access capital, such as borrowings under the Credit Facility. We do not rely on repurchase agreements or the commercial paper market to meet our short-term or long-term funding needs. At December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all of the covenants in our Credit Facility. We continue the ongoing monitoring of our customers’ ability to pay us for the services that we render to them. Based on historical results, we currently believe there is a low likelihood that write-offs of our existing accounts receivable will have a material impact on our financial results. However, if one or more of our key customers files bankruptcy or otherwise becomes unable to make required payments to us, or if overall economic conditions deteriorate, we may need to make material provisions in the future to increase our allowance for accounts receivable. The operations of our Americas and EMEA/AP segments expose us to foreign currency exchange rate changes that can impact translations of foreign-denominated assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and future earnings and cash flows from transactions denominated in different currencies. Changes in the relative values of non-U.S. currencies to the U.S. dollar affect our financial results. Increases in the value of the U.S. dollar compared with the other functional currencies in the locations in which we do business negatively impacted our revenues and operating earnings in 2013. There was a similar negative impact in 2012 to both revenues and operating earnings, while 2011 saw a decline in the strength of the U.S. dollar, which positively impacted our 2011 results. We cannot predict the impact that foreign currency exchange rates may have on our future revenues or operating earnings in our Americas and EMEA/AP segments. At December 31, 2013, our working capital balance (current assets less current liabilities) was approximately $52.3 million, compared with $68.6 million at December 31, 2012. The decline in working capital was due to increases in current liabilities as a result of the increase in short-term borrowings and a decline in current assets resulting from the lower level of activity in the fourth quarter of 2013 as compared to the same quarter in 2012. Cash and cash equivalents at the end of 2013 totaled $76.0 million, compared with $71.2 million at the end of 2012. 37 Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 consisted of $7.9 million held in the U.S. and $68.1 million held in our foreign subsidiaries. All of the cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries is available for general corporate purposes. The Company generally does not provide for additional U.S. and foreign income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because they are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. The Company’s intent is for such earnings to be reinvested by the subsidiaries or to be repatriated only when it would be tax effective through the utilization of foreign tax credits. An exception to this general policy could occur if a very unusual event or project generated profits significantly in excess of ongoing business reinvestment needs. If such an event occurs, we analyze our anticipated investment needs in that region and provide for U.S. taxes for earnings that are not expected to be permanently reinvested. Such an event occurred during 2012 and continued into 2013, and we have provided for additional U.S. and foreign income taxes on such profits. Other historical earnings and future foreign earnings necessary for business reinvestment are expected to remain permanently reinvested and will be used to provide working capital for these operations, fund defined benefit pension plan obligations, repay non-U.S. debt, fund capital improvements, and fund future acquisitions. We currently believe that funds expected to be generated from our U.S. operations, along with potential borrowing capabilities in the U.S., will be sufficient to fund our U.S. operations and other obligations, including our funding obligations under our U.S. defined benefit pension plan, for the foreseeable future, and therefore, except in limited circumstances such as those described above, do not foresee a need to repatriate cash held by our foreign subsidiaries in a taxable transaction to fund our U.S. operations. However, if at a future date or time these funds are necessary for our operations in the U.S. or we otherwise believe it is in our best interests to repatriate all or a portion of such funds, we may be required to accrue and pay U.S. taxes to repatriate these funds. No assurances can be provided as to the amount or timing thereof, the tax consequences related thereto, or the ultimate impact any such action may have on our results of operations or financial condition. Cash Provided by Operating Activities Cash provided by operating activities decreased by $15.0 million in 2013, from $92.9 million in 2012 to $77.8 million in 2013. This decrease was largely due to higher cash payments for accounts payable, accrued liabilities, defined benefit pension plan contributions, and accrued compensation in 2013 compared with 2012. Interest payments on our debt were $6.4 million in 2013, and tax payments, net of refunds, were $21.0 million in 2013. Cash provided by operating activities increased by $56.2 million in 2012, from $36.7 million in 2011 to $92.9 million in 2012. This increase was largely due to an increase in operating earnings, lower cash payments for accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued compensation in 2012 compared with 2011 and reductions in defined benefit pension contributions and taxes paid. Interest payments on our debt were $8.7 million in 2012, and tax payments, net of refunds, were $14.4 million in 2012. Cash Used in Investing Activities Cash used in investing activities decreased by $0.3 million in 2013, from $33.8 million in 2012 to $33.5 million in 2013. Cash used to acquire property and equipment and capitalized software, including capitalization of internal software development costs, was $31.0 million in 2013 compared with $33.2 million in 2012. We forecast that our property and equipment additions in 2014, including capitalized software, will approximate $37 million. Cash used in investing activities decreased by $1.1 million in 2012, from $34.9 million in 2011 to $33.8 million in 2012. Cash used to acquire property and equipment and capitalized software, including capitalization of internal software development costs, was $33.2 million in 2012 compared with $29.9 million in 2011. Cash Used in Financing Activities Cash used in financing activities was $39.1 million in 2013. We paid quarterly cash dividends totaling $8.8 million and repurchased $3.6 million of our common stock. In 2013, we borrowed $88.5 million in short-term borrowings during the year for working capital needs, and we repaid a total of $99.5 million in short-term borrowings and $15.8 million in long-term debt and capital lease obligations. Also in 2013, we received shares of our Class A common stock that were surrendered by employees to settle $1.3 million of withholding taxes owed on the issuance of restricted and performance shares. Cash used in financing activities was $64.9 million in 2012. We paid quarterly and special cash dividends totaling $9.9 million. We borrowed $42.2 million in short-term borrowings during the year for working capital needs, and we repaid $91.4 million in short-term borrowings and $1.6 million in long-term debt and capital lease obligations. Also in 2012, we received shares of our Class A common stock that were surrendered by employees to settle $1.3 million of withholding taxes owed on the issuance of restricted and performance shares. 38 Other Matters Concerning Liquidity and Capital Resources We maintain a committed $400.0 million revolving Credit Facility in order to meet seasonal working capital requirements and other financing needs that may arise. The Credit Facility expires on November 25, 2018. Long-term borrowings outstanding, including current installments and capital lease obligations, totaled $102.6 million as of December 31, 2013, compared with $153.1 million at December 31, 2012. The outstanding balance of our short-term borrowings, excluding outstanding but undrawn letters of credit under our Credit Facility, was $35.0 million and $13.3 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The balance in short-term borrowings at December 31, 2013 represents amounts under our revolving Credit Facility that we expect, but are not required, to repay in the next twelve months. As a component of our Credit Facility we maintain a letter of credit facility to satisfy certain contractual obligations. Including $17.8 million and $18.2 million of undrawn letters of credit issued under the letter of credit facility, the balance of our unused line of credit totaled $247.2 million and $145.6 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our short-term debt obligations typically peak during the first quarter of each year due to the payment of incentive compensation awards, contributions to retirement plans, and certain other recurring payments, and generally decline during the balance of the year. Our maximum month-end short-term debt obligations were $52.2 million and $26.3 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our average month-end short-term debt obligations were $31.6 million and $17.9 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively. We have historically used the proceeds from our long-term borrowings to finance, among other things, business acquisitions. As disclosed in Note 4, “Short-Term and Long-Term Debt, Including Capital Leases,” to our accompanying audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have two principal financial covenants in our Credit Facility. The leverage ratio covenant requires us to comply with a maximum leverage ratio, defined in our Credit Facility as the ratio of (i) consolidated total funded debt minus unrestricted cash to (ii) consolidated earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain other charges and expenses (“EBITDA”). This ratio must not be greater than 3.25 to 1.00. The fixed charge coverage ratio covenant requires us to comply with a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, defined as the ratio of (i)(A) consolidated EBITDA minus (B) aggregate income taxes to the extent paid in cash minus (C) unfinanced capital expenditures to (ii) the sum of: (A) consolidated interest expense to the extent paid (or required to be paid) in cash, plus (B) the aggregate of all scheduled payments of principal on funded debt (including the principal component of payments made in respect of capital lease obligations) required to have been made (whether or not such payments are actually made), plus (C) the aggregate of all restricted payments (as defined) paid, plus (D) the aggregate of all earnouts paid or required to be paid, must not be less than 1.50 to 1.00 for the four-quarter period ending at the end of each fiscal quarter. At December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all required ratios under our Credit Facility. Based on our financial plans, we expect to be able to remain in compliance with all required covenants throughout 2014. Our compliance with the leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio is particularly sensitive to changes in our EBITDA, and if our financial plans for 2014 or other future periods do not meet our current projections, we could fail to remain in compliance with these financial covenants in our Credit Facility. Our compliance with the leverage ratio covenant is also sensitive to changes in our level of consolidated total funded debt, as defined in our Credit Facility. In addition to short- and long-term borrowings, capital leases, and bank overdrafts, among other things, consolidated total funded debt includes letters of credit, the need for which can fluctuate based on our business requirements. An increase in borrowings under our Credit Facility could negatively impact our leverage ratio, unless those increased borrowings are offset by a corresponding increase in our EBITDA. In addition, a reduction in EBITDA in the future could limit our ability to utilize available credit under the Credit Facility, which could negatively impact our ability to fund our current operations or make needed capital investments. We believe our current financial resources, together with funds generated from operations and existing and potential borrowing capabilities, will be sufficient to maintain our current operations for the next 12 months. Contractual Obligations As of December 31, 2013, the impact that our contractual obligations, including estimated interest payments, are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods is as follows: 39 (Note references in the following table refer to the note in the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). Operating lease obligations (Note 6) Long-term debt, including current portions (Note 4) Capital lease obligations (Note 4) Total, before interest payments Estimated interest payments under Credit Facility Payments Due by Period One Year or Less 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years After 5 Years Total $ 47,440 $ 74,846 (In thousands) $ 46,146 $ 41,976 $ 210,408 35,000 875 83,315 4,600 — 100,000 1,456 314 — 135,000 — 2,645 76,302 146,460 41,976 348,053 7,700 6,600 — 18,900 Total contractual obligations $ 87,915 $ 84,002 $ 153,060 $ 41,976 $ 366,953 Approximately $27.1 million of operating lease obligations included in the table above are expected to be funded by sublessors under existing sublease agreements. See Note 6, “Commitments under Operating Leases” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Long-term debt, including current portions shown as due in one year or less in the table above consists of $35.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility that we expect, but are not required, to repay in 2014. Borrowings under our Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate, based on LIBOR or a Base Rate, in either case plus an applicable margin. Long-term debt refers to the required principal repayment at maturity of the Credit Facility, and may differ significantly from estimates, due to, among other things, actual amounts outstanding at maturity or any refinancings prior to such date. Interest amounts are based on projected borrowings under our Credit Facility and interest rates in effect on December 31, 2013, and the actual interest payments may differ significantly from estimates due to, among other things, changes in outstanding borrowings and prevailing interest rates in the future. At December 31, 2013, we had approximately $7.9 million of unrecognized income tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions. We cannot reasonably estimate when all of these unrecognized income tax benefits may be settled. We expect no significant reductions to unrecognized income tax benefits within the next 12 months as a result of projected resolutions of income tax uncertainties. Gross deferred income tax liabilities as of December 31, 2013 were approximately $95.0 million. This amount is not included in the contractual obligations table because we believe this presentation would not be meaningful. Deferred income tax liabilities are calculated based on temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective book basis, which will result in taxable amounts in future years when the liabilities are settled at their reported financial statement amounts. The results of these calculations do not have a direct connection with the amount of cash taxes to be paid in any future periods. As a result, we believe scheduling deferred income tax liabilities as payments due by period could be misleading, because this scheduling would not relate to liquidity needs. Defined Benefit Pension Funding and Cost We sponsor a qualified defined benefit pension plan in the U.S., (the "U.S. Qualified Plan") three defined benefit plans in the U.K. (the "U.K. Plans"), and defined benefit pension plans in the Netherlands, Norway, Germany, and the Philippines (the "other international plans"). Future cash funding of our defined benefit pension plans will depend largely on future investment performance, interest rates, changes to mortality tables, and regulatory requirements. Effective December 31, 2002, we froze our U.S. Qualified Plan. The aggregate deficit in the funded status of the U.S. Plan, U.K. Plans and other international plans totaled $103.0 million and $168.2 million at the end of 2013 and 2012, respectively. The 2013 decrease in the unfunded deficit of our defined benefit pension plans primarily resulted from actuarial gains in the U.S. Qualified Plan due to strong asset performance and changes in the discount rates, in addition to Company contributions. During 2013, we made contributions of $18.0 million and $6.5 million to our U.S. Qualified Plan and U.K. Plans, respectively. In 2012, we made contributions of $13.5 million and $6.6 million to our U.S. Qualified Plan and U.K. Plans, respectively. 40 Our frozen U.S. Qualified Plan was underfunded by $77.5 million at December 31, 2013 based on an accumulated benefit obligation of $485.7 million. Based on current assumptions for the interest rate to discount plan liabilities of 4.86% for 2014 and gradually rising to 5.8% by 2018, and a cap of 6.75% for the expected long-term rate of return on the plan’s assets, we estimate that we will have to make the following annual minimum contributions over the next five years to our frozen U.S. Qualified Plan: Year Ending December 31, 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Estimated Minimum Funding Requirement (In thousands) $ 17,908 18,193 13,014 10,283 8,367 The estimated annual minimum contributions in the above table are sensitive to changes in the expected rate of return on plan assets and the discount rate used to determine the present value of projected benefits payable under the plan. If our assumption for the expected return on plan assets of our U.S. Qualified Plan increased by 1.0%, representing an increase in the expected return, our estimated cumulative minimum funding requirements for 2014 through 2018 would decrease by approximately $9.0 million. If our assumption for the expected return on plan assets of our U.S. Qualified Plan decreased by 1.0%, representing a decrease in the expected return, our estimated cumulative minimum funding requirements for 2014 through 2018 would increase by approximately $8.8 million. If our assumption for the discount rate used to determine the present value of projected benefits payable under the U.S. Qualified Plan increased by 1.0%, representing an increase in the interest rate used to value pension plan liabilities, our estimated cumulative minimum funding requirements for 2014 through 2018 would decrease by approximately $23.7 million. If our assumption for the discount rate used to determine the present value of projected benefits payable under the plan decreased by 1.0%, representing a decrease in the interest rate used to value pension plan liabilities, our estimated cumulative minimum funding requirements for 2014 through 2018 would increase by approximately $20.9 million. Commercial Commitments As a component of our Credit Agreement, we maintain a letter of credit facility to satisfy certain contractual obligations. At December 31, 2013, the total issued, but undrawn, letters of credit totaled approximately $17.8 million. These letters of credit are typically renewed annually, but unless renewed, will expire as follows: Amount of Commitment Expiration per Period One Year or Less 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years After 5 Years Total (In thousands) Standby Letters of Credit $ 17,837 $ — $ — $ — $ 17,837 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements At December 31, 2013, we were not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements, other than operating leases, which could materially impact our operations, financial condition, or cash flows. We have certain material obligations under operating lease agreements to which we are a party. In accordance with GAAP, these operating lease obligations and the related leased assets are not reported on our consolidated balance sheet. We maintain funds in trusts to administer claims for certain clients. These funds are not available for our general operating activities and, as such, have not been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We have concluded that we do not have material off-balance sheet financial risk related to these funds at December 31, 2013. Changes in Financial Condition The following addresses changes in our financial condition not addressed elsewhere in this MD&A. 41 Significant changes on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2013, compared with our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012, were as follows: • Unbilled revenues decreased by $19.1 million in 2013 compared with 2012, due to the signficant special project revenues in our Legal Settlement Administration segment at the end of 2012 that were not outstanding at the end of 2013. • Noncurrent deferred income tax assets decreased by $37.9 million primarily due to the tax impact of the adjustments to retirement liabilities recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates MD&A addresses our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and judgments based upon historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under then-existing circumstances. The results of these evaluations form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies require significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Changes in these underlying estimates could potentially materially affect consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows in the period of change. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, the amounts provided for are based on the best information available to us and we believe these estimates are reasonable. We have discussed the following critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed our related disclosure in this MD&A. Revenue Recognition Our revenues are primarily comprised of claims processing or program administration fees. Fees for professional services are recognized as unbilled revenues at estimated collectible amounts at the time such services are rendered. Substantially all unbilled revenues are billed within one year. Out-of-pocket costs incurred in administering a claim are typically passed on to our clients and included in our revenues for all purposes under GAAP. Deferred revenues represent the estimated unearned portion of fees related to future services under certain fixed-fee service arrangements. Deferred revenues are recognized based on the estimated rate at which the services are provided. These rates are primarily based on an evaluation of historical claim closing rates by major lines of coverage. Additionally, recent claim closing rates are evaluated to ensure that current claim closing history does not indicate a significant deterioration or improvement in the longer-term historical closing rates used. Our fixed-fee service arrangements typically require us to handle claims on either a one- or two-year basis, or for the lifetime of the claim. In cases where we handle a claim on a non-lifetime basis, we typically receive an additional fee on each anniversary date that the claim remains open. For service arrangements where we provide services for the life of the claim, we are only paid one fee for the life of the claim, regardless of the ultimate duration of the claim. As a result, our deferred revenues for claims handled for one or two years are not as sensitive to changes in claim closing rates since the revenues are ultimately recognized in the near future and additional fees are generated for handling long-lived claims. Deferred revenues for lifetime claim handling are considered more sensitive to changes in claim closing rates since we are obligated to handle these claims to their ultimate conclusion with no additional fees received for long-lived claims. Based upon our historical averages, we close approximately 98% of all cases referred to us under lifetime claim service arrangements within five years from the date of referral. Also, within that five-year period, the percentage of cases remaining open in any one particular year has remained relatively consistent from period to period. Each quarter we evaluate our historical case closing rates by type of claim and make adjustments as necessary. Any changes in estimates are recognized in the period in which they are determined. 42 As of December 31, 2013, deferred revenues related to lifetime claim handling arrangements approximated $45.4 million. If the rate at which we close cases changes, the amount of revenues recognized within a period could be affected. In addition, given the competitive environment in which we operate, we may be unable to raise our prices to offset the additional expense associated with handling longer-lived claims should such case closing rates change. The change in our first-year case closing rates over the last ten years has ranged from a decrease of 3.4% to an increase of 4.3%, and has averaged a decrease of 0.7%. A 1.0% change is a reasonably likely change in our estimate based on historical data. Absent an increase in per-claim fees from our clients, a 1.0% decrease in claim closing rates for lifetime claims could result in the deferral of additional revenues of approximately $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. If our average claim closing rates for lifetime claims increased by 1.0%, we could recognize additional revenues of approximately $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, and $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our clients to make required payments and for adjustments to invoiced amounts. Losses resulting from the inability of clients to make required payments are accounted for as bad debt expense, while adjustments to invoices are accounted for as reductions to revenues. These allowances are established by using historical write-off information intended to determine future loss expectations and by considering the current credit worthiness of our clients, any known specific collection problems, and our assessment of current industry conditions. Actual experience may differ significantly from historical or expected loss results. Each quarter, we evaluate the adequacy of the assumptions used in determining these allowances and make adjustments as necessary. Changes in estimates are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Historically, our estimates have been materially accurate. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, our allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $10.2 million and $10.6 million, or approximately 6.0% of gross billed receivables at the end of each year. If the financial condition of our clients deteriorates, resulting in an inability to make required payments to us, or if economic conditions deteriorate, additional allowances may be deemed to be appropriate or required. If the allowance for doubtful accounts changed by 1.0% of gross billed receivables, reflecting either an increase or decrease in expected future write-offs, the impact to consolidated pretax income would have been approximately $1.7 million in 2013, $1.8 million in 2012, and $1.7 million in 2011. Valuation of Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, and Other Long-Lived Assets We regularly evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred which indicate that the carrying amounts of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, or other long-lived assets have been impaired. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names associated with acquired businesses. Our other long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment, deferred income tax assets, capitalized software, and amortizable intangible assets related to customer relationships and technology. When factors indicate that such assets should be evaluated for possible impairment, we perform an impairment test. We believe our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, and other long-lived assets were appropriately valued and not impaired at December 31, 2013. We perform an annual impairment analysis of goodwill in which we compare the carrying value of our reporting units to the estimated market value of those reporting units as determined by discounting future projected cash flows. We perform an interim impairment analysis when an event occurs or circumstances change between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The estimated market values of our reporting units are based upon certain assumptions made by us. The estimated market values of our reporting units are reconciled to the Company’s market value as determined by its stock price in order to validate the reasonableness of the estimated market values. The estimated market value of all of our reporting units exceeded the carrying values of the reporting units. The indefinite-lived intangible asset consisting of the Broadspire and SLS trade names, with carrying values of $29.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, are also evaluated for potential impairment on an annual basis or when indicators of potential impairment are identified. The indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test is similar to the goodwill impairment test as both involve estimating the fair value using an internally prepared discounted cash flow analysis. The fair values of the trade names were established using the relief-from-royalty method. This method recognizes that, by virtue of owning the trade name as opposed to licensing it, a company or reporting unit is relieved from paying a royalty, usually expressed as a percentage of sales, for the asset's use. The present value of the after-tax costs savings (i.e., royalty relief) at an appropriate discount rate indicates the value of the trade name. 43 The key variables in estimating the value of the trade names include the discount rate, the royalty rate and the terminal growth rate. The discount rate utilized in estimating the fair value of the trade names in 2013 was 12.0%, reflecting our assessment of a market participant’s view of the risks associated with the projected cash flows. The royalty rates were estimated to be 1.5% for use of the Broadspire name within the U.S. and 2.0% for use outside of the U.S. The terminal growth rate used in the analysis was 2.0%. The royalty rate for the SLS trade name was estimated to be 2.0% with a flat growth rate. The value of either the Broadspire or SLS trade name is sensitive to changes in the assumptions used above. A decline in the U.S. royalty rate to 1.0%, in conjunction with an increase in the discount rate to 15.0%, could potentially trigger an impairment. In addition, an increase to the discount rate above 18.0%, assuming no changes in the other key inputs, could potentially trigger an impairment. For the SLS trade name, any negative change in any of the assumptions could potentially trigger an impairment. We will continue to monitor the value of these trade names for potential indicators of impairment. As a result of the decline in operating earnings in the Americas segment, the $42 million of goodwill it carries is exposed to potential impairment. Holding all other assumptions constant, the Americas segment must achieve more than 55.0% of its forecasted operating earnings to avoid the Company being required to proceed to Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. We intend to continue to monitor the performance of the Americas segment and should actual operating earnings consistently fall below 55.0% of forecasted operating earnings, we will perform an interim goodwill impairment analysis. Defined Benefit Pension Plans We sponsor various defined benefit pension plans in the U.S. and U.K. that cover a substantial number of current and former employees in each location. We utilize the services of independent actuaries to help us estimate our pension obligations and measure pension costs. Our U.S. defined benefit pension plan was frozen on December 31, 2002. Our U.K. defined benefit pension plans were closed to new employees as of October 31, 1997, but existing participants may still accrue additional limited benefits based on salary levels existing at the close date. Benefits payable under our U.S. defined benefit pension plan are generally based on career compensation; however, no additional benefits accrue on our frozen U.S. plan after December 31, 2002. Benefits payable under the U.K. plans are generally based on an employee’s salary at the time the applicable plan was closed. Our funding policy is to make cash contributions in amounts sufficient to maintain the plans on an actuarially sound basis, but not in excess of amounts deductible under applicable income tax regulations. Note 8, “Retirement Plans,” of our accompanying audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K provides details about the assumptions used in determining the funded status of the plans, the unrecognized actuarial gain/(loss), the components of net periodic benefit cost, benefit payments expected to be made in the future and plan asset allocations. Investment objectives for the Company’s U.S. and U.K. pension plan assets are to: • Ensure availability of funds for payment of plan benefits as they become due; • Provide for a reasonable amount of long-term growth of capital, without undue exposure to volatility, and protect the assets from erosion of purchasing power; and • Provide investment results that meet or exceed the plans' actuarially assumed long-term rate of return. The long-term goal for the U.S. and U.K. plans is to reach fully-funded status and to maintain that status. The investment policies contemplate the plans’ asset return requirements and risk tolerances changing over time. Accordingly, reallocation of the portfolios’ mix of return-seeking assets and liability-hedging assets will be performed as the plans’ funded status improves. In conjunction with our investment policies we have rebalanced the U.S. and U.K. plans' target allocation mix to reallocate from an equity-weighted to a fixed-income weighted investment strategy, as the plans' funded status has improved and as we have made cash contributions to the plan. The rules for pension accounting are complex and can produce volatility in our results, financial condition and liquidity. Our pension expense is primarily a function of the value of our plan assets and the discount rate used to measure our pension liability at a single point in time at the end of our fiscal year (the measurement date). Both of these factors are significantly influenced by the stock and bond markets, which in recent years have experienced substantial volatility. 44 In addition to expense volatility, we are required to record mark-to-market adjustments to our balance sheet on an annual basis for the net funded status of our pension plans. These adjustments have fluctuated significantly over the past several years and, like our pension expense, are a result of the discount rate and value of our plan assets at each measurement date. The funded status of our plans also impacts our liquidity, as current funding laws in the U.S. require higher funding levels for our pension plans. The major assumptions used in accounting for our defined benefit pension plans are the discount rate and the expected long-term return on plan assets. The discount rate assumptions reflect the rates at which the benefit obligations could be effectively settled. Our discount rates were determined with the assistance of actuaries, who calculate the yield on a theoretical portfolio of high-grade corporate bonds (rated Aa or better) with cash flows that generally match our expected benefit payments in future years. At December 31, 2013, the discount rate used to compute the benefit obligations of the U.S. and U.K. plans were 4.86% and 4.30%, respectively. The estimated average rate of return on plan assets is a long-term, forward-looking assumption that also materially affects our pension cost. It is required to be the expected future long-term rate of earnings on plan assets. Our pension plan assets are invested primarily in collective funds. As part of our strategy to manage future pension costs and net funded status volatility, we have transitioned to a liability-driven investment strategy with a greater concentration of fixed-income securities to better align plan assets with liabilities. Establishing the expected future rate of investment return on our pension assets is a judgmental matter. Management considers the following factors in determining this assumption: • • • the duration of our pension plan liabilities, which drives the investment strategy we can employ with our pension plan assets; the types of investment classes in which we invest our pension plan assets and the expected return we can reasonably expect those investment classes to earn over time; and the investment returns we can reasonably expect our investment management program to achieve in excess of the returns we could expect if investments were made strictly in indexed funds. We review the expected long-term rate of return on an annual basis and revise it as appropriate. To support our conclusions, we periodically commission asset/liability studies performed by third-party professional investment advisors and actuaries to assist us in our reviews. These studies project our estimated future pension payments and evaluate the efficiency of the allocation of our pension plan assets into various investment categories. These studies also generate probability- adjusted expected future returns on those assets. As a result of the transition to a liability-driven investment strategy described previously, the expected long-term rates of return on plan assets assumption used to determine 2014 net periodic pension cost were estimated to be 6.75% and 7.12% for the U.S. and U.K. plans, respectively. Pension expense is also affected by the accounting policy used to determine the value of plan assets at the measurement date. We apply our expected return on plan assets using fair market value as of the annual measurement date. The fair market value method results in greater volatility to our pension expense than the calculated value method. The amounts recognized in the balance sheet reflect a snapshot of the state of our long-term pension liabilities at the plan measurement date and the effect of mark-to-market accounting on plan assets. At December 31, 2013, we recorded an increase to equity through other comprehensive income ("OCI") of $15.7 million (net of tax) to reflect unrealized actuarial gains during 2013. At December 31, 2012, we recorded a decrease to equity through OCI of $39.9 million (net of tax) to reflect unrealized actuarial losses during 2012. Those changes are subject to amortization over future years and may be reflected in future income statements. Cumulative unrecognized actuarial losses for all plans were $278.0 million through December 31, 2013, compared with $320.7 million through December 31, 2012. These unrecognized losses reflect changes in the discount rates and differences between expected and actual asset returns, which are being amortized over future periods. These unrecognized losses may be recovered in future periods through actuarial gains. However, unless the minimum amount required to be amortized is below a corridor amount equal to 10.0% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets, these unrecognized actuarial losses are required to be amortized and recognized in future periods. For example, projected pension plan expense for 2014 includes $11.4 million of amortization of these actuarial losses versus $13.3 million in 2013, $9.8 million in 2012 and $11.3 million in 2011. 45 Net periodic pension expense for our defined benefit pension plans is sensitive to changes in the underlying assumptions for the expected rates of return on plan assets and the discount rates used to determine the present value of projected benefits payable under the plans. If our assumptions for the expected returns on plan assets of our U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans changed by 1.0%, representing either an increase or decrease in expected returns, the impact to 2013 consolidated pretax income would have been approximately $6.1 million. If our assumptions for the discount rates used to determine the present value of projected benefits payable under the plans changed by 1.0%, representing either an increase or decrease in interest rates used to value pension plan liabilities, the impact to 2013 consolidated pretax income would have been approximately $3.1 million. Determination of Effective Tax Rate Used for Financial Reporting We account for certain income and expense items differently for financial reporting and income tax purposes. Provisions for deferred taxes are made in recognition of these temporary differences. The most significant differences relate to revenue recognition, accrued compensation and pensions, self-insurance, and depreciation and amortization. For financial reporting purposes in accordance with the liability method of accounting for income taxes, the provision for income taxes is the sum of income taxes both currently payable and deferred. Currently payable income taxes represent the liability related to our income tax returns for the current year, while the net deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred tax assets or liabilities as reported on our consolidated balance sheets that are not related to balances in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." The changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon changes between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the basis of assets and liabilities for income tax purposes, multiplied by the enacted statutory tax rates for the year in which we estimate these differences will reverse. We must estimate the timing of the reversal of temporary differences, as well as whether taxable income in future periods will be sufficient to fully recognize any gross deferred tax assets. Other factors which influence our effective tax rate used for financial reporting purposes include changes in enacted statutory tax rates, changes in the composition of taxable income from the countries in which we operate, our ability to utilize net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Our effective tax rate, defined as our provision for income taxes divided by income before income taxes, for financial reporting purposes in 2013, 2012, and 2011 was 36.7%, 40.4%, and 21.8%, respectively. If our effective tax rate used for financial reporting purposes changed by 1.0%, we would have recognized an increase or decrease to income taxes of approximately $811,000, $834,000, and $584,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Our effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes is expected to range between 33% and 35% in 2014 before considering any discrete items. It is possible that future changes in the tax laws of jurisdictions in which we operate could have a significant impact on U.S.-based multinational companies such as our Company. At this time we cannot predict the likelihood or details of any such changes or their specific potential impact on our Company. Our most significant deferred tax assets are related to the unfunded liability of our defined benefit pension plans, tax credit carryforwards and net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards. The tax deduction for defined benefit pension plans generally occurs upon funding of plan liabilities. Assuming that the estimated minimum funding requirements for the defined benefit pension plans and the income projections are met, the deferred tax asset should be realized. The tax credit carryforwards primarily consists of $49.5 million of foreign tax credit (“FTC”) carryforwards. Companies that cannot credit all the foreign taxes paid or deemed paid in a particular tax year because their foreign taxes exceed their FTC limitation are allowed to carry their excess taxes back to the preceding tax year and then forward to the ten succeeding years. Utilization of the Company’s FTCs is dependent upon sufficient U.S. regular taxable income and foreign source income which is impacted by the interaction of overall domestic and overall foreign loss rules. Based on Company projections of income through 2022, the Company should be able to fully utilize its FTC carryforwards before expiration. Accordingly, management concluded that it was more likely than not that the Company should be able to utilize its FTC carryforwards. The net operating loss carryforwards primarily consists of $11.1 million of state NOL carryforwards generated by our domestic companies. In order to fully utilize these state NOL carryforwards, our domestic companies must generate taxable income prior to the expiration of the carryforwards. We have identified tax planning strategies that are both prudent and feasible, involving the internal sale of various assets that, if implemented, would generate sufficient taxable income at a state 46 level without generating federal taxable income, such that utilization of the state NOL carryforwards is more likely than not to occur prior to their expiration. In accordance with GAAP, we have considered the four possible sources of taxable income that may be available to realize a tax benefit for deductible temporary differences and carryforwards and have a $12.5 million valuation allowance on certain net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in our domestic and international operations. We believe that it is more likely than not that we will realize our remaining net deferred tax assets based on our forecast of future taxable income and tax planning strategies that are available to the Company. Future changes in the valuation allowance, if required, should not affect our liquidity or our compliance with any existing debt covenants. Self-Insured Risks We self-insure certain insurable risks consisting primarily of professional liability, auto liability, employee medical, disability, and workers’ compensation. Insurance coverage is obtained for catastrophic property and casualty exposures, including professional liability on a claims-made basis, and those risks required to be insured by law or contract. Most of these self-insured risks are in the U.S. Provisions for claims incurred under self-insured programs are made based on our estimates of the aggregate liabilities for claims incurred, losses that have occurred but have not been reported to us, and the adverse developments on reported losses. These estimated liabilities are calculated based on historical claim payment experience, the expected life of the claims, and other factors considered relevant to the claims. The liabilities for claims incurred under our self-insured workers’ compensation and employee disability programs are discounted at the prevailing risk-free rate for government issues of an appropriate duration. All other self-insured liabilities are undiscounted. Each quarter we evaluate the adequacy of the assumptions used in developing these estimated liabilities and make adjustments as necessary. Changes in estimates are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Historically, our estimates have been materially accurate. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, our estimated liabilities for self-insured risks totaled $25.6 million and $28.0 million, respectively. The estimated liability is most sensitive to changes in the ultimate liability for a claim and, if applicable, the interest rate used to discount the liability. We believe our provisions for self-insured losses are adequate to cover the expected net cost of losses incurred. However, these provisions are estimates and amounts ultimately settled may be significantly greater or less than the provisions established. We used a discount rate of 1.37% to determine the present value of our self-insured workers’ compensation liabilities as of December 31, 2013. If the average discount rate was reduced by 1.0% or increased by 1.0%, reflecting either an increase or decrease in underlying interest rates, our estimated liabilities for these self-insured risks at December 31, 2013 would have been impacted by approximately $473,000, resulting in an increase or decrease to 2013 consolidated net income of approximately $294,000. New Accounting Standards See Note 1, “Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies,” of our accompanying audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements including the dates, or expected dates of adoption, and effects, or expected effects, on our disclosures, results of operations, and financial condition. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Our operations expose us to various market risks, primarily from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Our objective is to identify and understand these risks and implement strategies to manage them. When evaluating potential strategies, we evaluate the fundamentals of each market and the underlying accounting and business implications. To implement these strategies, we may enter into various hedging or similar transactions. The sensitivity analyses we present below do not consider the effect of possible adverse changes in the general economy, nor do they consider additional actions we may take from time to time in the future to mitigate our exposure to these or other market risks. There can be no assurance that we will manage or continue to manage any risks in the future or that any of our efforts will be successful. 47 Foreign Currency Exchange Our international operations (consisting principally of our operations in Canada and Latin America within the Americas segment, and our EMEA/AP segment) expose us to foreign currency exchange rate changes that can impact translations of foreign-denominated assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and future earnings and cash flows from transactions denominated in different currencies. Revenues before reimbursements from our international operations included in the Americas and EMEA/AP segments were 42.0%, 42.5%, and 43.7% of consolidated revenues before reimbursements for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Except as discussed below, we do not presently engage in any hedging activities to compensate for the effect of currency exchange rate fluctuations on the net assets or operating results of our foreign subsidiaries. In 2010, as part of a capitalization reorganization, our Canadian subsidiary repurchased some of its shares from us. The consideration included a Canadian dollar ("CAD") 35.3 million intercompany note. The note bears interest at a variable rate based on 3-month Canada Bankers Acceptances and is payable in quarterly installments over 15 years. In 2011, we entered into a U.S. dollar-CAD Cross Currency Basis Swap as an economic hedge to the CAD-denominated note. The swap requires quarterly payments of CAD589,000 to the counterparty, and we receive quarterly payments of U.S. $593,000. We also make interest payments to the counterparty based on 3-month Canada Bankers Acceptances plus a spread, and we receive interest payments based on U.S. 3-month LIBOR. The swap expires on September 30, 2025 and was an asset with a fair value of $1.1 million at December 31, 2013. We have elected to not designate this swap as a hedge of the intercompany note from our Canadian subsidiary. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap are recorded in the income statement over the life of the swap and should substantially offset changes in the value of the intercompany note. The changes in the fair value of the swap will not totally offset changes in the value of the intercompany note as the fair value of the swap is determined based on forward rates while the value of the intercompany note is determined based on spot rates. We measure foreign currency exchange rate risk based on changes in foreign currency exchange rates using a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential change in earnings based on a hypothetical 10.0% change in currency exchange rates. Exchange rates and currency positions as of December 31, 2013 were used to perform the sensitivity analysis. Such analysis indicated that a hypothetical 10.0% change in foreign currency exchange rates would have increased or decreased consolidated pretax income during 2013 by approximately $3.0 million had the U.S. dollar exchange rate increased or decreased relative to the currencies to which we had exposure. Interest Rates As described above, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate, based on LIBOR or a Base Rate (as defined), at our option. As a result, we have market risk exposure to changes in interest rates. Based on the amounts and mix of our fixed and floating rate debt at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, if market interest rates had increased or decreased an average of 100 basis points our pretax interest expense would have changed by $1.4 million and $1.6 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively. We determined these amounts by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing costs. Changes in the projected benefit obligations of our defined benefit pension plans are largely dependent on changes in prevailing interest rates as of the plans’ respective measurement dates, which are used to value these obligations under ASC 715. If our assumptions for the discount rates used to determine the present value of the projected benefit obligations changed by 1.0%, representing either an increase or decrease in the discount rate, the projected benefit obligations of our U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans would have changed by approximately $95.6 million at December 31, 2013. The impact of this change to 2013 consolidated pretax income would have been approximately $3.3 million. Periodic pension cost for our defined benefit pension plans is impacted primarily by changes in long-term interest rates whereas interest expense for our variable-rate borrowings is impacted more directly by changes in short-term interest rates. To the extent changes in interest rates on our variable-rate borrowings move in the same direction as changes in the discount rates used for our defined benefit pension plans, changes in our interest expense on our borrowings would be offset to some degree by changes in our defined benefit pension cost. We are unable to quantify the extent of any such offset. Credit Risk Related to Performing Certain Services for Our Clients We process payments for claims settlements, primarily on behalf of our self-insured clients. The liability for the settlement cost of claims processed, which is generally pre-funded, remains with the client. Accordingly, we do not incur significant credit risk in the performance of these services. 48 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Table of Contents Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Investment Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Management’s Statement on Responsibility for Financial Reporting Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) Page 50 51 52 54 55 56 91 92 93 49 CRAWFORD & COMPANY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In thousands, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Revenues from Services: Revenues before reimbursements Reimbursements Total Revenues Costs and Expenses: Costs of services provided, before reimbursements Reimbursements Total costs of services Selling, general, and administrative expenses Corporate interest expense, net of interest income of $768, $967, and $1,020, respectively Special charges and credits Total Costs and Expenses Other Income Income Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Net Income Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests $1,163,445 $1,176,717 $ 1,125,355 89,985 89,421 86,007 1,253,430 1,266,138 1,211,362 846,442 89,985 936,427 232,307 6,423 — 846,638 89,421 936,059 228,411 8,607 11,332 831,922 86,007 917,929 221,470 15,911 (2,379) 1,175,157 1,184,409 1,152,931 2,829 81,102 29,766 51,336 358 1,711 83,440 33,686 49,754 866 — 58,431 12,739 45,692 288 Net Income Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company $ 50,978 $ 48,888 $ 45,404 Earnings Per Share - Basic: Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Earnings Per Share - Diluted: Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Weighted-Average Shares Used to Compute Basic Earnings Per Share: Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Weighted-Average Shares Used to Compute Diluted Earnings Per Share: Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Cash Dividends Per Share: Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock $ $ $ $ 0.95 0.91 0.93 0.90 $ $ $ $ 0.92 0.88 0.91 0.87 $ $ $ $ 29,853 24,690 29,536 24,693 30,855 24,690 30,272 24,693 0.86 0.84 0.85 0.83 28,820 24,697 29,549 24,697 $ $ 0.18 0.14 $ $ 0.20 0.16 $ $ 0.10 0.08 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 50 CRAWFORD & COMPANY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, Net Income Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): 2013 2012 2011 $ 51,336 $ 49,754 $ 45,692 Net foreign currency translation (loss) gain (4,283) (2,787) 2,009 Amounts reclassified into net income for defined benefit pension plans, net of tax provision of $4,220, $3,283, and $3,573, respectively Net unrealized gain (loss) on defined benefit plans arising during the year, net of tax (provision) benefit of ($13,846), $18,109, and $6,512, respectively Interest rate swap agreement loss reclassified into income, net of tax benefit of $0, $253, and $274, respectively Interest rate swap agreement loss recognized during the period, net of tax benefit of $0, $0, and $67, respectively 8,834 6,340 6,909 15,671 (39,934) (9,452) — — 414 — 568 (111) (77) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 20,222 (35,967) Comprehensive Income 71,558 13,787 45,615 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 309 777 (508) Comprehensive Income Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company $ 71,249 $ 13,010 $ 46,123 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 51 CRAWFORD & COMPANY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands) December 31, 2013 2012 Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents ASSETS Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,234 and $10,584, respectively Unbilled revenues, at estimated billable amounts Income taxes receivable Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total Current Assets Property and Equipment: Property and equipment Less accumulated depreciation Net Property and Equipment Other Assets: Goodwill Intangible assets arising from business acquisitions, net Capitalized software costs, net Deferred income tax assets Other noncurrent assets Total Other Assets TOTAL ASSETS $ 75,953 $ 71,157 160,350 105,791 5,150 22,437 369,681 155,326 (109,643) 45,683 164,708 124,881 — 26,019 386,765 155,359 (109,312) 46,047 132,777 131,995 82,103 72,761 61,375 25,678 374,694 $ 790,058 $ 89,027 67,299 99,288 26,994 414,603 847,415 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 52 CRAWFORD & COMPANY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except par value amounts) December 31, 2013 2012 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ INVESTMENT Current Liabilities: Short-term borrowings Accounts payable Accrued compensation and related costs Self-insured risks Income taxes payable Deferred income taxes Deferred rent Other accrued liabilities Deferred revenues Current installments of long-term debt and capital leases Total Current Liabilities Noncurrent Liabilities: Long-term debt and capital leases, less current installments Deferred revenues Self-insured risks Accrued pension liabilities Other noncurrent liabilities Total Noncurrent Liabilities Shareholders’ Investment: Class A common stock, $1.00 par value, 50,000 shares authorized; 29,875 and 29,335 shares issued and outstanding, respectively Class B common stock, $1.00 par value, 50,000 shares authorized; 24,690 shares issued and outstanding Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Shareholders' Investment Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company Noncontrolling interests Total Shareholders’ Investment $ 35,000 $ 50,941 98,656 13,100 3,476 15,063 16,062 34,270 49,950 875 13,275 54,975 103,552 14,120 4,357 16,267 16,946 37,465 56,379 838 317,393 318,174 101,770 26,893 12,530 102,960 20,979 265,132 29,875 24,690 39,285 285,165 (179,210) 199,805 7,728 207,533 152,293 26,438 13,893 168,216 26,602 387,442 29,335 24,690 35,550 246,105 (199,481) 136,199 5,600 141,799 847,415 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ INVESTMENT $ 790,058 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 53 CRAWFORD & COMPANY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net income Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Arbitration award Write-off of deferred financing costs on previous term loan Deferred income taxes Stock-based compensation costs Loss (gain) on disposals of property and equipment, net Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions: Accounts receivable, net Unbilled revenues, net Accrued or prepaid income taxes Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Deferred revenues Accrued retirement costs Prepaid expenses and other operating activities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Acquisitions of property and equipment Proceeds from disposals of property and equipment Capitalization of computer software costs Cash received in arbitration award Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired Net cash used in investing activities Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Cash dividends paid Payments related to shares received for withholding taxes under stock- based compensation plans Proceeds from shares purchased under employee stock-based compensation plans Repurchases of common stock Increase in short-term borrowings and revolving credit agreement Payments on short-term borrowings and revolving credit agreement Proceeds from long-term borrowings Payments on long-term debt and capital lease obligations Capitalized loan costs Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests Net cash used in financing activities Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year $ $ 51,336 $ 49,754 $ 45,692 33,903 — — 15,625 3,835 273 2,102 16,528 (2,160) (22,328) (5,895) (22,086) 6,711 77,844 (14,037) — (16,976) — (2,515) (33,528) (8,840) (1,322) 1,884 (3,631) 88,460 (99,461) — (15,823) (30) (369) (39,132) (388) 4,796 71,157 75,953 $ 32,796 — — 19,355 3,660 (136) (4,197) (18,725) (628) 28,853 1,290 (15,639) (3,530) 92,853 (15,375) 47 (17,801) — (674) (33,803) (9,880) (1,307) 520 (2,840) 42,174 (91,412) — (1,583) (161) (429) (64,918) (588) (6,456) 77,613 71,157 $ 31,818 (6,992) 3,415 (2,058) 3,756 (143) (13,594) 18,099 284 (6,383) 1,443 (36,633) (2,028) 36,676 (14,221) 417 (15,677) 4,913 (10,365) (34,933) (4,872) (1,653) 602 — 59,753 (55,951) 248,254 (260,004) (3,702) (391) (17,964) 294 (15,927) 93,540 77,613 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 54 CRAWFORD & COMPANY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ INVESTMENT (In thousands) Common Stock Class A Non- Voting Class B Voting Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Shareholders' Investment Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company Noncontrolling Interests Total Shareholders’ Investment Balance at January 1, 2011 $ 28,002 $ 24,697 $ 32,348 $ 168,791 $ (164,322) $ 89,516 $ 5,715 $ 45,404 — (4,872) — — — 209,323 48,888 — (9,880) — (2,226) — — — 246,105 50,978 — (8,840) — Net income Other comprehensive income (loss) Cash dividends paid Stock-based compensation Shares issued in connection with stock-based compensation plans, net Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests — — — — 1,084 — — — — — — — — — — 3,756 (2,135) — Balance at December 31, 2011 29,086 24,697 33,969 Net income Other comprehensive loss Cash dividends paid Stock-based compensation — — — — Repurchases of common stock (607) Shares issued in connection with stock-based compensation plans, net Change in noncontrolling interest due to acquisition of controlling interest Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 856 — — — — — — (7) — — — — — — 3,660 — (1,643) (436) — Balance at December 31, 2012 29,335 24,690 35,550 Net income Other comprehensive income (loss) Cash dividends paid Stock-based compensation — — — — Repurchases of common stock (553) Shares issued in connection with stock-based compensation plans, net Increase in value of noncontrolling interest due to acquisition of a controlling interest Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 1,093 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3,835 — (3,078) (100) — — — — — — 719 — — — — (163,603) — (35,878) — — — — — — (199,481) — 20,271 — — — — — — 45,404 719 (4,872) 3,756 (1,051) — 133,472 48,888 (35,878) (9,880) 3,660 (2,840) (787) (436) — 136,199 50,978 20,271 (8,840) 3,835 (3,631) 993 — — 288 (796) — — — (391) 4,816 866 (89) — — — — 436 (429) 5,600 358 (49) — — — — 2,188 (369) 95,231 45,692 (77) (4,872) 3,756 (1,051) (391) 138,288 49,754 (35,967) (9,880) 3,660 (2,840) (787) — (429) 141,799 51,336 20,222 (8,840) 3,835 (3,631) 993 2,188 (369) Balance at December 31, 2013 $ 29,875 $ 24,690 $ 39,285 $ 285,165 $ (179,210) $ 199,805 $ 7,728 $ 207,533 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 55 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies Nature of Operations Based in Atlanta, Georgia, Crawford & Company (the "Company") is the world's largest (based on annual revenues) independent provider of claims management solutions to the risk management and insurance industry, as well as to self- insured entities, with an expansive global network serving clients in more than 70 countries. The Crawford System of Claims Solutions® offers comprehensive, integrated claims services, business process outsourcing and consulting services for major product lines including property and casualty claims management; workers’ compensation claims and medical management; and legal settlement administration. Shares of the Company's two classes of common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company's two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company's ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. The Company's website is www.crawfordandcompany.com. The information contained on, or hyperlinked from, the Company's website is not a part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this report. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company, its majority-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities in which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Significant intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Financial results from the Company's operations outside of the U.S., Canada, and the Caribbean are reported and consolidated on a two-month delayed basis in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, “Consolidation,” in order to provide sufficient time for accumulation of their results. Accordingly, the Company's December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 consolidated financial statements include the financial position of such operations as of October 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and the results of those subsidiaries’ operations and cash flows for the fiscal periods ended October 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The Company has controlling ownership interests in several entities that are not wholly-owned by the Company. The financial results and financial positions of these controlled entities are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including both the controlling interests and the noncontrolling interests. The noncontrolling interests represent the equity interests in these entities that are not attributable, either directly or indirectly, to the Company. Noncontrolling interests are reported as a separate component of the Company’s Shareholders’ Investment. On the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income, net income (or loss) is attributed to the controlling interests and the noncontrolling interests separately. The Company consolidates the liabilities of its deferred compensation plan and the related assets, which are held in a rabbi trust and considered a variable interest entity ("VIE") of the Company. The rabbi trust was created to fund the liabilities of the Company's deferred compensation plan. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of the rabbi trust because the Company directs the activities of the trust and can use the assets of the trust to satisfy the liabilities of the Company's deferred compensation plan. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the liabilities of this deferred compensation plan were $10,322,000 and $10,327,000, respectively, which represented obligations of the Company rather than of the rabbi trust, and the values of the assets held in the related rabbi trust were $15,140,000 and $14,741,000, respectively. These liabilities and assets are included in "Other noncurrent liabilities" and "Other noncurrent assets" on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. 56  Prior Year Reclassifications In accordance with ASC 715, "Compensation Retirement Benefits", employers are required to separately recognize liabilities, in the aggregate, for underfunded or unfunded plans, and assets, in the aggregate, for overfunded plans. Since the actuarial present value of benefit obligations payable by the Company's defined benefit pension plans in the next twelve months do not exceed the fair value of the plans' assets, the underfunded pension liabilities are recorded as noncurrent liabilities and are included in "Accrued pension liabilities." The overfunded plans are recorded as noncurrent assets and are included in "Other noncurrent assets." The prior year presentation has been revised to conform to the current year presentation. See Note 8, "Retirement Plans" for further discussion. Management’s Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues are primarily comprised of claims processing or program administration fees and are generated from the Company’s four operating segments. Both the Americas segment and the EMEA/AP segment earn revenues by providing field investigation and evaluation of property and casualty claims for insurance companies and self-insured entities and by providing access to the Company- owned direct repair networks. The Company’s Broadspire segment earns revenues by providing field investigation and claims evaluation of workers’ compensation and liability claims, initial loss reporting services for its clients' claimants, loss mitigation services such as medical bill review, medical case management and vocational rehabilitation, administration of trust funds established to pay claims, and risk management information services. The Legal Settlement Administration segment earns revenues by providing administration services related to settlements of securities cases, product liability cases, Chapter 11 bankruptcy noticing and distribution, and other legal settlements by identifying and qualifying class members, determining and dispensing settlement payments, and administering settlement funds. Fees for professional services are recognized in unbilled revenues at the time such services are rendered, at estimated collectible amounts. Substantially all unbilled revenues are billed within one year. Deferred revenues represent the estimated unearned portion of fees derived from certain fixed-rate claim service agreements. The Company’s fixed-fee service arrangements typically call for the Company to handle claims on either a one- or two-year basis, or for the lifetime of the claim. In cases where the claim is handled on a non-lifetime basis, an additional fee is typically received on each anniversary date that the claim remains open. For service arrangements where the Company provides services for the life of the claim, the Company receives only one fee for the life of the claim, regardless of the ultimate duration of the claim. Deferred revenues are recognized based on the estimated rate at which the services are provided. These rates are primarily based on a historical evaluation of actual claim durations by major line of coverage. In the normal course of business, the Company incurs certain out-of-pocket expenses that are thereafter reimbursed by the Company’s clients. Under GAAP, these out-of-pocket expenses and associated reimbursements are required to be included when reporting expenses and revenues, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated results of operations. The amounts of reimbursed expenses and related revenues from reimbursements offset each other in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations with no impact to its net income. Intersegment sales are recorded at cost and are not material. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and marketable securities with original maturities of three months or less. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value due to their short-term nature. At December 31, 2013, cash and cash equivalents included time deposits of approximately $2,479,000 that were in financial institutions outside the U.S. 57 Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company extends credit based on an evaluation of a client’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are typically due upon receipt of the invoice and are stated on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at amounts due from clients net of an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The fair value of accounts receivable approximates carrying value due to their short-term contractual stipulations. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting primarily from the inability of clients to make required payments and for adjustments to invoiced amounts. Losses resulting from the inability of clients to make required payments are accounted for as bad debt expense, while adjustments to invoices are accounted for as reductions to revenue. These allowances are established using historical write-off information to project future experience and by considering the current creditworthiness of clients, any known specific collection problems, and an assessment of current industry and economic conditions. Actual experience may differ significantly from historical or expected loss results. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and any payments subsequently received are accounted for as recoveries. A summary of the activities in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 is as follows: Allowance for doubtful accounts, January 1 Add/ (Deduct): Provision for bad debt expense Write-offs, net of recoveries Currency translation and other changes Adjustments for acquired businesses 2013 2012 2011 $ 10,584 (In thousands) 10,615 $ $ 10,516 1,396 (2,112) 366 — 2,384 (2,256) (159) — 2,384 (2,539) 169 85 Allowance for doubtful accounts, December 31 $ 10,234 $ 10,584 $ 10,615 For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Company’s adjustments to revenues associated with client invoice adjustments totaled $2,812,000, $2,712,000, and $3,124,000, respectively. Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, and Other Long-Lived Assets Goodwill is an asset that represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the separately identifiable net assets (tangible and intangible) acquired in business combinations. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names associated with acquired businesses. Other long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment, capitalized software, and amortizable intangible assets related to customer relationships, technology, and trade names with finite lives. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are subject to impairment testing at least annually. Subsequent to a business acquisition in which goodwill is recorded as an asset, post-acquisition accounting requires that goodwill be tested to determine whether there has been an impairment. The Company performs an impairment test of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually on October 1 of each year. The Company regularly evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred which indicate potential impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, or other long-lived assets. When factors indicate that such assets should be evaluated for possible impairment between the scheduled annual impairment tests, the Company performs an impairment test. The Company believes its goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, and other long-lived assets were appropriately valued and not impaired at December 31, 2013. Goodwill impairment testing is a two-step process performed on a reporting unit basis. In step 1 of the testing process, the fair value of each reporting unit is determined and compared with its book value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its book value, goodwill is not deemed impaired. If the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the testing proceeds to step 2. In step 2, the reporting unit’s fair value is allocated to its assets and liabilities following acquisition accounting procedures to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. This hypothetical acquisition accounting process is applied only for the purpose of determining whether goodwill must be reduced; it is not used to adjust the book values of other assets or liabilities. There is an impairment if (and to the extent) the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. An impairment loss reduces the recorded goodwill and cannot subsequently be reversed. 58 For step 1 of goodwill impairment testing, the carrying value of each of the Company’s reporting units is compared with the estimated fair value of the reporting unit as determined utilizing an income approach. The income approach is based on projected debt-free cash flow which is discounted to the present value using discount factors that consider the timing and risk of the cash flows. The Company believes that this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate based upon the reporting unit’s expected long-term operating cash flow performance. The discount rate used reflects the Company’s assessment of a market participant’s view of the risks associated with the projected cash flows. Other significant assumptions include terminal value growth rates, terminal value margin rates, future capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements. While there are inherent uncertainties related to the assumptions used and to management’s application of these assumptions or any other assumptions, the Company believes that the income approach provides a reasonable estimate of the fair value of its reporting units. For impairment testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets, the carrying value is compared with the fair value, which represents the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows (excess earnings) attributable solely to the asset. The fair values of the trade names are established using the relief-from-royalty method. This method recognizes that, by virtue of owning the trade name as opposed to licensing it, a company or reporting unit is relieved from paying a royalty, usually expressed as a percentage of sales, for the asset's use. The present value of the after-tax costs savings (i.e., royalty relief) at an appropriate discount rate indicates the value of the trade name. Long-lived assets are tested at the asset or asset group level that is determined to be the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. The Company’s four operating segments are deemed to be reporting units because the components of each operating segment have similar economic characteristics. If changes to the Company’s reporting structure impact the composition of the Company’s reporting units, existing goodwill is reallocated to the revised reporting units based on their relative estimated fair values as determined by a discounted cash flow analysis. If all of the assets and liabilities of an acquired business are assigned to a specific reporting unit, then the goodwill associated with that acquisition is assigned to that reporting unit at acquisition unless another reporting unit is also expected to benefit from the acquisition. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company depreciates the cost of property and equipment, including assets recorded under capital leases, over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets, primarily using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives for property and equipment classifications are as follows: Classification Furniture and fixtures Data processing equipment Automobiles and other Buildings and improvements Estimated Useful Lives 3-10 years 3-5 years 3-4 years 7-40 years Property and equipment, including assets under capital leases, consisted of the following at December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, Land Buildings and improvements Furniture and fixtures Data processing equipment Automobiles Total property and equipment Less accumulated depreciation Net property and equipment $ $ 59 2013 2012 $ (In thousands) 582 31,038 50,883 71,070 1,753 155,326 (109,643) 45,683 $ 610 30,609 54,885 67,305 1,950 155,359 (109,312) 46,047 Additions to property and equipment under capital leases, which are excluded from acquisitions of property and equipment in the Company's Statements of Cash Flows, totaled $340,000, $2,422,000, and $808,000 for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Depreciation on property and equipment, including property under capital leases and amortization of leasehold improvements, was $15,446,000, $15,429,000, and $15,233,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Capitalized Software Capitalized software reflects costs related to internally developed or purchased software used by the Company that has expected future economic benefits. Certain internal and external costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post implementation stages, including training and maintenance costs, are expensed as incurred. The majority of these capitalized software costs consist of internal payroll costs and external payments for software purchases and related services. These capitalized software costs are amortized over periods ranging from three to ten years, depending on the estimated life of each software application. Amortization expense for capitalized software was $11,330,000, $10,226,000, and $9,667,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Self-Insured Risks The Company self-insures certain risks consisting primarily of professional liability, auto liability, and employee medical, disability, and workers’ compensation liability. Insurance coverage is obtained for catastrophic property and casualty exposures, including professional liability on a claims-made basis, and those risks required to be insured by law or contract. Most of these self-insured risks are in the U.S. Provisions for claims under the self-insured programs are made based on the Company’s estimates of the aggregate liabilities for claims incurred, losses that have occurred but have not been reported to the Company, and for adverse developments on reported losses. The estimated liabilities are calculated based on historical claims experience, the expected lives of the claims, and other factors considered relevant by management. Changes in these estimates may occur as additional information becomes available. The estimated liabilities for claims incurred under the Company’s self-insured workers’ compensation and employee disability programs are discounted at the prevailing risk-free interest rate for U.S. government securities of an appropriate duration. All other self-insured liabilities are undiscounted. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, accrued liabilities for self-insured risks totaled $25,630,000 and $28,013,000, respectively, including current liabilities of $13,100,000 and $14,120,000, respectively. Income Taxes The Company accounts for certain income and expense items differently for financial reporting and income tax purposes. Provisions for deferred taxes are made in recognition of these temporary differences. The most significant differences relate to revenue recognition, accrued compensation, pension plans, self-insurance, and depreciation and amortization. For financial reporting purposes, the provision for income taxes is the sum of income taxes both currently payable and payable on a deferred basis. Currently payable income taxes represent the liability related to the income tax returns for the current year, while the net deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred income tax assets or liabilities as reported on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets that are not related to balances in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss." The changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon changes in the differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the basis of assets and liabilities for income tax purposes, measured by the enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the Company estimates these differences will reverse. The Company must estimate the timing of the reversal of temporary differences, as well as whether taxable income in future periods will be sufficient to fully recognize any gross deferred tax assets. Other factors which influence the effective tax rate used for financial reporting purposes include changes in enacted statutory tax rates, changes in the composition of taxable income from the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the ability of the Company to utilize net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and the Company’s accounting for any uncertain tax positions. See Note 7, “Income Taxes.” 60  Sales and Other Taxes In certain jurisdictions, both in the U.S. and internationally, various governments and taxing authorities require the Company to assess and collect sales and other taxes, such as value added taxes, on certain services that the Company renders and bills to its customers. The majority of the Company’s revenues are not currently subject to these types of taxes. These taxes are not recorded as additional revenues or expenses in the Company's Statements of Income. Foreign Currency Foreign currency transactions for the years ended December 31, 2013 , 2012 , and 2011 resulted in a net loss of $1,084,000, $268,000, and $1,318,000 respectively. For operations outside the U.S. that prepare financial statements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, results of operations and cash flows are translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates during the period, and assets and liabilities are translated at end-of-period exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments, on a net basis, are included in comprehensive income (loss) in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, and the accumulated translation adjustment is reported as a component of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred. Advertising expenses were $2,793,000, $3,317,000, and $2,636,000, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. Adoption of New Accounting Standards Amounts Reclassified Out of Other Comprehensive Income In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2013-02, "Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI")" ("ASU 2013-02"). Under ASU 2013-02, an entity is required to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of AOCI by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. ASU 2013-02 did not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in the financial statements. ASU 2013-02 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2013. Since ASU 2013-02 is a disclosure-only standard, its adoption did not affect the Company's results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, "Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists." Under ASU 2013-11, an entity is required to present unrecognized tax benefits ("UTBs") as a decrease in a net operating loss, similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward if certain criteria are met. The determination of whether a deferred tax asset is available is based on the unrecognized tax benefit and the deferred tax asset that exists at the reporting date and presumes disallowance of the tax position at the reporting date. ASU 2013-11 eliminates the diversity in practice in the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits but does not alter the way in which entities assess deferred tax assets for realizability. ASU 2013-11 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2014 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard in 2013. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. 61 2. Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses In March 2013, Crawford & Company acquired 51% of the capital stock of Lloyd Warwick International Limited (“LWI”). LWI is a specialist loss consulting company based in London which offers onshore and offshore energy expertise. This acquisition increases Crawford's ability to handle offshore claims and reiterates our focus on offering market leading expertise in specialist and technical services. Crawford intends to leverage this acquisition to further grow its market share in the Oil and Energy sector, expanding LWI's capabilities in this highly complex market. LWI is a VIE primarily because it does not meet the business scope exception as Crawford provides more than half of the financial support, and because LWI lacks sufficient equity at risk to permit LWI to carry on its activities without additional financial support. Crawford is contractually obligated to provide maximum financial support to LWI of approximately $6,000,000. Crawford is the primary beneficiary of LWI because of its controlling ownership interest and because Crawford has the obligation to absorb LWI's losses through the additional financial support that LWI may require. Creditors of LWI have no recourse to Crawford's general credit. Crawford has the right to purchase the 49% noncontrolling interest of LWI for a period of six months beginning five years and three months after the acquisition date for a price to be determined using a 7 times multiple of the average earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for the preceding thirty six months prior to the date the right is exercised. Crawford also has the right of first refusal to match any offer to acquire the 49% noncontrolling interest. In October 2011, the Company acquired the capital stock of Settlement Services, Inc. ("SSI"). In connection therewith, the former owner became an employee of the Company and the Company entered into an earnout agreement with the former owner that may require the Company to pay up to an additional $2,000,000 in acquisition consideration, based on a multiple of excess EBITDA achieved by SSI during the three-year period 2012 through 2014. 62 3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The following table shows the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012: Americas Broadspire Legal Settlement Administration (In thousands) EMEA/AP Total Balance at December 31, 2011: Goodwill $ 43,111 $ Accumulated Impairment Losses Net Goodwill 2012 Activity: Goodwill of acquired businesses Foreign currency effects Balance at December 31, 2012: Goodwill Accumulated Impairment Losses Net Goodwill 2013 Activity: Goodwill of acquired business Impairment of goodwill of business held for sale Foreign currency effects Balance at December 31, 2013: Goodwill Accumulated Impairment Losses Net Goodwill $ Intangible Assets — 43,111 — 681 43,792 — 43,792 — — (1,606) 42,186 — 42,186 151,133 (151,133) — — — 151,133 (151,133) — — — — $ 19,604 $ 68,531 $ — 19,604 — 68,531 282,379 (151,133) 131,246 907 (158) 283,128 (151,133) 131,995 912 (839) 68,604 — 68,604 4,454 4,454 (556) (1,510) (556) (3,116) (5) — 19,599 — 19,599 — — — 151,133 (151,133) $ — $ 19,599 — 19,599 $ 71,548 (556) 70,992 $ 284,466 (151,689) 132,777 The following is a summary of finite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012: Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value (In thousands, except years) December 31, 2013: Customer relationships Technology-based Trade name Total December 31, 2012: Customer relationships Technology-based Trade name Total $ $ $ $ (43,791) $ (4,051) (150) (47,992) $ (37,470) $ (3,308) (83) (40,861) $ 48,984 1,862 50 50,896 55,093 2,605 117 57,815 92,775 $ 5,913 200 98,888 92,563 5,913 200 $ $ 98,676 $ 63 Weighted- Average Amortization Period 7.8 years 2.5 years 0.7 years 7.1 years 8.1 years 3.5 years 1.7 years 7.6 years Amortization of intangible assets was $7,127,000, $7,141,000, and $6,918,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, amortization expense for finite-lived customer-relationship and trade name intangible assets in the amounts of $6,385,000, $6,373,000, and $6,177,000, respectively, were excluded from segment operating earnings (see Note 13, “Segment and Geographic Information”). The amortization expense for the technology-based intangible assets is included in segment operating earnings. Intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized on a straight-line basis over lives ranging from 3 to 15 years. At December 31, 2013, annual estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was as follows: Year Ending December 31, 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Annual Amortization Expense (In thousands) 7,131 $ 7,081 6,687 6,219 6,219 The following is a summary of indefinite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, 2013: Trade names December 31, 2012: Trade names Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Impairments Net Carrying Value (In thousands) $ $ 31,807 31,812 $ $ (600) $ 31,207 (600) $ 31,212 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 135,000 $ 163,275 2,645 137,645 (35,000) (875) 101,770 $ 3,131 166,406 (13,275) (838) 152,293 4. Short-Term and Long-Term Debt, Including Capital Leases Long-term debt consisted of the following at December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, Credit Facility Capital lease obligations Total long-term debt and capital leases Less: portion of Credit Facility classified as short-term Less: current installments Total long-term debt and capital leases, less current installments $ 64 On November 25, 2013, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, Amendment to Pledge and Security Agreement and Limited Waiver (the “Amendment”), which amended, among other things, that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2011 (as amended, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility included as borrowing parties Crawford & Company Risk Services Investments Limited, Crawford & Company (Canada) Inc. and Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd., each a subsidiary of the Company. In connection with the discussions of the Credit Facility, the Company and these subsidiaries are individually referred to as a “Borrower” and collectively referred to as the “Borrowers.” Additionally, these subsidiaries are sometimes individually referred to as a “Foreign Borrower” and collectively referred to as the “Foreign Borrowers.” The Amendment: (1) increased the aggregate commitments under the Credit Facility from $325.0 million to $400.0 million, without impacting the Company’s ability, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and its receipt of additional commitments, to exercise its option to further increase the revolving loan commitments under the Credit Facility by up to $100.0 million; (ii) extended the maturity date of the Credit Facility from December 8, 2016 to November 25, 2018; (iii) reduced by 25 basis points the applicable margin used to determine interest rates on borrowings under the Credit Facility; (iv) reduced by 5 basis points the unused commitment fee under the Credit Facility; (v) provides the Company the ability to undertake a one-time repurchase of shares of the Company’s stock in an amount of up to $25.0 million prior to December 31, 2015, subject to compliance with certain conditions; and (vi) increased the leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) with which the Company must comply from 3.0:1.0 to 3.25:1.0, among other things. The Credit Facility currently consists of a $400.0 million revolving credit facility, with a letter of credit subfacility of $100.0 million. The Credit Facility contains sublimits of $185.0 million for borrowings by the UK Borrower, $40.0 million for borrowings by the Canadian Borrower and $15.0 million for borrowings by the Australian Borrower. The Credit Facility matures, and all amounts outstanding thereunder will be due and payable, on November 25, 2018. Borrowings under the Credit Facility may be made in U.S. dollars, Euros, the currencies of Canada, Japan, Australia or United Kingdom and, subject to the terms of the Credit Facility, other currencies. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the option of the applicable Borrower, based on the Base Rate (as defined below) or the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), in each case plus an applicable interest margin based on the Company's leverage ratio (as defined below), provided that borrowings in foreign currencies may bear interest based on LIBOR only. The interest margin for LIBOR loans ranges from 1.50% to 2.25% and for Base Rate loans ranges from 0.50% to 1.25%. Base Rate is defined as the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, plus 1/2 of 1%, (ii) the prime commercial lending rate of the Administrative Agent and (iii) LIBOR for a one month interest period plus 1.0%. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, a total of $135,000,000 and $163,275,000, respectively, was outstanding under the Credit Facility. In addition, undrawn commitments under letters of credit totaling $17,837,000 and $18,171,000 were outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, under the letters of credit subfacility of the Credit Facility. These letter of credit commitments were for the Company’s own obligations. Including the amounts committed under the letters of credit subfacility, the available balance of the revolving credit portion of the Credit Facility totaled $247,163,000 and $145,611,000 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The representations, covenants and events of default in the Credit Facility are customary for financing transactions of this nature, including required compliance with a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (each as defined below). The obligations of the Borrowers under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by each existing domestic subsidiary of the Company and certain existing material foreign subsidiaries of the Company that are disregarded entities for U.S. income tax purposes (each a "Disregarded Foreign Entity"), and such obligations are required to be guaranteed by each subsequently acquired or formed material domestic subsidiary and Disregarded Foreign Entity (each, a "Guarantor"), and the obligations of the Foreign Borrowers are also guaranteed by the Company. In addition, the Borrowers' obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the personal property of the Company and the Guarantors, including, without limitation, intellectual property, 100% of the capital stock of the Company's and the Guarantors' present and future domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting stock and 100% of the non-voting stock issued by any present and future first- tier material foreign subsidiary of the Company or any Guarantor. In addition, the obligations of the Foreign Borrowers are secured by a first priority lien on 100% of the capital stock of the Foreign Borrowers. 65 Under the Credit Facility, the fixed charge coverage ratio, defined as the ratio of (i)(A) consolidated earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain other charges and expenses (“EBITDA”) minus (B) aggregate income taxes to the extent paid in cash minus (C) unfinanced capital expenditures to (ii) the sum of: (A) consolidated interest expense to the extent paid (or required to be paid) in cash, plus (B) the aggregate of all scheduled payments of principal on funded debt (including the principal component of payments made in respect of capital lease obligations) required to have been made (whether or not such payments are actually made), plus (C) the aggregate of all restricted payments (as defined) paid, plus (D) the aggregate of all earnouts paid or required to be paid, must not be less than 1.50 to 1.00 for the four-quarter period ending at the end of each fiscal quarter. Under the Credit Facility, the leverage ratio, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, defined as the ratio of (i) consolidated total funded debt minus unrestricted cash to (ii) consolidated EBITDA, must not be greater than 3.25 to 1.00. At December 31, 2013, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Facility. If the Company does not meet the covenant requirements in the future, it would be in default under the Credit Facility. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lenders may terminate the loan commitments, accelerate all loans and exercise any of their rights under the Credit Facility and ancillary loan documents. Short-term borrowings under the Credit Facility totaled $35,000,000 and $13,275,000 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company expects, but is not required, to repay all of such short-term borrowings at December 31, 2013 in 2014. The Company’s capital leases are primarily comprised of equipment leases with terms ranging from 24 to 60 months. Interest expense, including any impact from the Company’s interest rate hedge and amortization of capitalized loan costs, on the Company’s short-term and long-term borrowings was $7,191,000, $9,574,000, and $16,931,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Interest paid on the Company’s short-term and long-term borrowings was $6,379,000, $8,728,000, and $14,117,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Principal repayments of long-term debt, including current portions and capital leases, as of December 31, 2013 are expected to be as follows: Year Ending December 31, 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total Long-term Debt $ 35,000 Capital Lease Obligations (In thousands) 875 $ — — — 100,000 789 667 305 9 Total $ 35,875 789 667 305 100,009 $ 135,000 $ 2,645 $ 137,645 66 5. Derivative Instruments In February 2011, the Company entered into a U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar ("CAD") cross currency basis swap with an initial notional amount of CAD34,749,000 as an economic hedge to an intercompany note payable to the U.S. parent by a Canadian subsidiary. The cross currency basis swap requires the Canadian subsidiary to deliver quarterly payments of CAD589,000 to the counterparty and entitles the U.S. parent to receive quarterly payments of U.S. $593,000. The Canadian subsidiary also makes interest payments to the counterparty based on 3-month Canada Bankers Acceptances plus a spread, and the U.S. parent receives payments based on U.S. 3-month LIBOR. The cross currency basis swap expires on September 30, 2025. The Company has elected to not designate this swap as a hedge of the intercompany note from the Canadian subsidiary. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of this swap, as well as changes in the value of the intercompany note, are recorded as gains or losses inn"Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income over the term of the swap and are expected to substantially offset one another. The changes in the fair value of the cross currency basis swap will not exactly offset changes in the value of the intercompany note, as the fair value of this swap is determined based on forward rates while the value of the intercompany note is determined based on end of period spot rates. The Company believes there have been no material changes in the creditworthiness of the counterparty to this cross currency basis swap agreement and believes the risk of nonperformance by such party is minimal. The Company’s swap agreement contains a provision providing that if the Company is in default under its Credit Facility (see Note 4, "Short-Term and Long-Term Debt, Including Capital Leases"), the Company may also be deemed to be in default under its swap agreement. If there were such a default, the Company could be required to contemporaneously settle some or all of the obligation under the swap agreement at values determined at the time of default. At December 31, 2013, no such default existed, and the Company had no assets posted as collateral under its swap agreement. 6. Commitments Under Operating Leases The Company and its subsidiaries lease certain office space, computer equipment, and automobiles under operating leases. For office leases that contain scheduled rent increases or rent concessions, the Company recognizes monthly rent expense based on a calculated average monthly rent amount that considers the rent increases and rent concessions over the life of the lease term. Leasehold improvements of a capital nature that are made to leased office space under operating leases are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement. License and maintenance costs related to leased vehicles are paid by the Company. Rental expenses, net of amortization of any incentives provided by lessors, for operating leases consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, Office space Automobiles Computers and equipment Total operating leases 2013 43,715 7,711 344 51,770 2012 (In thousands) 44,437 $ 8,110 289 52,836 $ $ $ 2011 44,968 8,708 542 54,218 $ $ At December 31, 2013, future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases with terms of more than 12 months were as follows: Year Ending December 31, 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 and Thereafter Where applicable, the amounts above include sales taxes. 67 (In thousands) 47,440 $ 39,914 34,932 28,208 17,938 41,976 Significant Operating Leases and Subleases In January 2013, the Company entered into a 10-year operating lease agreement for approximately 24,000 square feet of office space in Berkeley Heights, NJ, primarily for our Broadspire segment. The lease began July 1, 2013. Total lease payments over the 10-year term are approximately $6,747,000. Additionally, the Company is responsible for certain related real estate taxes and operating expenses, which are excluded from the table above. Effective May 1, 2012, the Company entered into a 10-year operating lease on behalf of the Legal Settlement Administration segment for the lease of approximately 45,000 square feet of office space in Seattle, Washington. Included in the future minimum lease payments noted above are total lease payments of $10,873,000 related to this lease. Additionally, the Company is responsible for certain related real estate taxes and operating expenses, which are excluded from the table above. On March 16, 2010, the Company entered into an 11-year operating lease on behalf of the Legal Settlement Administration segment for the lease of approximately 44,000 square feet of office space in Lake Success, New York, for use as its corporate headquarters. The lease commenced on January 1, 2011 and was amended in January 2011 and again in January 2012 to include a total of approximately 60,000 square feet. Included in the future minimum lease payments noted above are total lease payments of $14,737,000 related to the amended lease. Additionally, the Company is responsible for certain related real estate taxes and operating expenses, which are excluded from the table above. Effective February 9, 2010, the Company entered into a 10-year operating lease agreement for approximately 64,000 square feet of office space in Sunrise, Florida, primarily for its Broadspire segment as a replacement for the subleased space in Plantation, Florida described below. Included in the future minimum lease payments noted above are total lease payments of $8,227,000 related to this lease. Additionally, the Company is responsible for certain related real estate taxes and other expenses, which are excluded from the table above. Effective August 1, 2006, the Company entered into an 11-year operating lease agreement for the lease of approximately 160,000 square feet of office space in Atlanta, Georgia for use as the Company’s corporate headquarters. Included in the future minimum lease payments noted above are total lease payments of $16,269,000 related to this lease. Additionally, the Company is responsible for certain related property operating expenses, which are excluded from the table above. Included in the acquired commitments of Broadspire Management Services, Inc. was a long-term operating lease for a two-building office complex in Plantation, Florida. The term of this lease ends in December 2021. Included in the future minimum office lease payments for operating leases noted above are total lease payments of $35,013,000 related to this Plantation, Florida lease. A majority of this office space was subleased at December 31, 2013. Under executed sublease arrangements at December 31, 2013 between the Company and sublessors, as described below, the sublessors are obligated to pay the Company minimum sublease payments as follows: Year Ending December 31, 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019-2022 Total minimum sublease payments to be received (In thousands) 2,165 3,080 3,460 3,532 3,608 11,286 27,131 $ $ One of the sublease agreements is for three of the four floors of one of the leased buildings in Plantation, Florida; this lease expires in December 2021. The other sublease is for an entire building and expires in December 2021. This lease includes surrender options for the fourth floor between December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2017, with twelve months prior notice, and for the third floor as of June 30, 2017, with twelve months prior notice. The Company recognized pretax losses of $4,285,000 in 2012 on these subleases, which are included in "Special charges and credits" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2012. Should the sublessor elect to surrender one or both floors and the Company is unable to secure another sublessor, it may be required to recognize additional losses on this lease. 68 7. Income Taxes Income before income taxes consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, U.S. Foreign Income before income taxes The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, Current: U.S. federal and state Foreign Deferred: U.S. federal and state Foreign Provision for income taxes 2013 50,234 30,868 81,102 2012 (In thousands) 48,514 $ 34,926 83,440 $ 2013 2012 (In thousands) 3,680 10,461 14,004 1,621 29,766 $ $ 1,375 12,956 19,831 (476) 33,686 2011 26,331 32,100 58,431 2011 4,218 10,579 (796) (1,262) 12,739 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Net cash payments for income taxes were $21,030,000, $14,378,000, and $14,243,000 in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The provision for income taxes is reconciled to the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 Federal income taxes at statutory rate State income taxes, net of federal benefit Foreign taxes Change in valuation allowance Research and development credits Foreign tax credits Nondeductible meals and entertainment Tax rate changes Other Provision for income taxes $ $ 28,385 988 (778) 4,755 (4,185) (3,542) 1,102 1,749 1,292 29,766 2012 (In thousands) 29,204 $ 1,273 (1,640) 3,095 49 (1,524) 807 927 1,495 33,686 $ $ $ 2011 20,451 910 (2,340) (4,144) (561) (2,373) 1,039 745 (988) 12,739 The tax rate change was primarily due to the U.K. Finance Bill 2013 that was enacted in 2013. This bill includes a change in the main U.K. corporation tax rate from its current 23% rate to 21% effective April 1, 2014 and to 20% effective April 1, 2015. This tax rate change resulted in a discrete tax expense of approximately $1,300,000 in 2013 as the value of the U.K. deferred tax assets declined with the decrease in the tax rate. 69 The Company generally does not provide for additional U.S. and foreign income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because they are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. The Company’s intent is for such earnings to be reinvested by the subsidiaries or to be repatriated only when it would be tax effective through the utilization of foreign tax credits. An exception to this general policy could occur if a very unusual event or project generated profits significantly in excess of ongoing business reinvestment needs. If such an event occurs, the Company analyzes its anticipated investment needs in that region and provide for U.S. taxes for earnings that are not expected to be permanently reinvested. Such an event occurred during 2012 and continued into 2013, and the Company has provided for additional U.S. and foreign income taxes on such profits. All historical earnings and future foreign earnings needed for business reinvestment needs will remain permanently reinvested and will be used to provide working capital for these operations, fund defined benefit pension plan obligations, repay non-U.S. debt, fund capital improvements, and fund future acquisitions. At December 31, 2013, undistributed earnings totaled $84,230,000. Determination of the deferred income tax liability on these undistributed earnings is not practicable since such liability, if any, is dependent on circumstances existing when remittance occurs. Deferred income taxes consisted of the following at December 31, 2013 and 2012: Accrued compensation Accrued pension liabilities Self-insured risks Deferred revenues Accrued rent Interest Tax credit carryforwards Loss carryforwards Other Gross deferred income tax assets Accounts receivable allowance Unbilled revenues Depreciation and amortization Other post-retirement benefits Unrepatriated earnings Other Gross deferred income tax liabilities Net deferred income tax assets before valuation allowance Valuation allowance Net deferred income tax assets Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of : Current deferred income tax assets included in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" Current deferred income tax liabilities included in "Deferred income taxes" Long-term deferred income tax assets included in "Deferred income tax assets" Long-term deferred income tax liabilities included in "Other noncurrent liabilities" Net deferred income tax assets 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 13,463 $ 34,109 10,280 10,785 2,553 4,832 54,470 19,447 3,816 11,298 57,558 10,670 13,411 2,565 1,737 62,407 22,973 3,661 153,755 186,280 9,899 18,738 62,552 561 3,297 — 95,047 58,708 (12,518) 46,190 $ 471 $ (15,063) 61,375 (593) 46,190 $ 6,968 22,495 62,578 628 6,959 1,390 101,018 85,262 (7,927) 77,335 419 (16,267) 99,288 (6,105) 77,335 $ $ $ At December 31, 2013, the Company had deferred tax assets related to loss carryforwards of $20,776,000 before netting of unrecognized tax benefits of $1,329,000. An estimated $8,384,000 of the deferred tax assets will not expire, and $12,392,000 will expire over the next 20 years if not utilized by the Company. A valuation allowance is provided when it is deemed more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. 70 Changes in our deferred tax valuation allowance are recorded as adjustments to the provision for income taxes. An analysis of our deferred tax asset valuation allowances is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. Balance, beginning of year Decrease in valuation allowance for foreign tax credit carryforwards Increase in valuation allowance for state credits Other changes Balance, end of year 2013 7,927 — 2,277 2,314 12,518 2012 (In thousands) 4,459 $ — — 3,468 7,927 $ $ $ 2011 8,287 (5,462) — 1,634 4,459 $ $ In 2011, the Company's projections of U.S. taxable income indicated that all foreign tax credit carryforwards should be utilized prior to their expiration period. Accordingly, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $5,462,000 for the reduction in the valuation allowance on such foreign tax credit carryforwards. Other changes to the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were primarily due to losses in certain of our international operations as well as state tax credits. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of unrecognized income tax benefits follows: Balance at January 1, 2011 Additions based on tax provisions related to the current year Changes in judgments or facts Settlements Lapses of applicable statutes of limitation Balance at December 31, 2011 Additions for tax positions related to the current year Lapses of applicable statutes of limitation Balance at December 31, 2012 Additions for tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions related to prior years Lapses of applicable statutes of limitation Balance at December 31, 2013 (In thousands) 2,305 16 10 (51) (474) 1,806 330 (382) 1,754 4,826 2,036 (692) 7,924 $ $ The Company accrues interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes. Total accrued interest expense at December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, was $134,000, $619,000, and $634,000, respectively. Included in the total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were $2,693,000, $1,401,000, and $1,360,000, respectively, of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective income tax rate. The Company conducts business in a number of countries and, as a result, files U.S. federal and various state and foreign jurisdiction income tax returns. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by various taxing jurisdictions throughout the world, including Canada, the U.K., and the U.S. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations for years before 2004. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company believes that adequate amounts of tax, including interest and penalties, have been provided for any adjustments that are expected to result from those years. The Company expects no significant reductions to unrecognized income tax benefits within the next 12 months as a result of projected resolutions of income tax uncertainties. 71 8. Retirement Plans The Company and its subsidiaries sponsor various retirement plans. Substantially all employees in the U.S. and certain employees outside the U.S. are covered under the Company’s defined contribution plans. Certain employees, retirees, and eligible dependents are also covered under the Company’s defined benefit pension plans. Employer contributions under the Company’s defined contribution plans are determined annually based on employee contributions, a percentage of each covered employee’s compensation, and years of service. The Company’s cost for defined contribution plans totaled $21,507,000, $23,749,000, and $22,132,000 in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The Company sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan in the U.S. (the "U.S. Qualified Plan") and three defined benefit pension plans in the U.K. (the "U.K. Plans"). Effective December 31, 2002, the Company elected to freeze its U.S. Qualified Plan. Benefits payable under the Company’s U.S. Qualified Plan are generally based on career compensation; however, no additional benefits have accrued on this plan since December 31, 2002. The Company’s U.K. Plans were closed to new participants as of October 31, 1997, but existing participants may still accrue additional limited benefits based on salary amounts in effect at the time the relevant plan was closed. Benefits payable under the U.K. Plans are generally based on an employee’s final salary at the time the plan was closed. Benefits paid from the U.K. Plans are also subject to adjustments for the effects of inflation. The actuarial present value of the projected benefit payments under the U.K. Plans are based on the employees' expected dates of separation by retirement. The Company expects to make contributions of approximately $17,908,000 to its U.S. Qualified Plan and $7,000,000 to its U.K. Plans in 2014. Certain other employees located in the Netherlands, Norway, Germany, and the Philippines (referred to herein as the “other international plans”) have retirement benefits that are accounted for as defined benefit pension plans under U.S. GAAP. External trusts are maintained to hold assets of the Company’s U.S. Qualified Plan, U.K. Plans, and other international plans. The Company’s funding policy is to make cash contributions in amounts at least sufficient to meet regulatory funding requirements and, in certain instances, to make contributions in excess thereof if such contributions would otherwise be in accordance with the Company's capital allocation plans. Assets of the plans are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, but the plan assets are not recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Instead, the funded or unfunded status of the Company’s U.S. Qualified Plan, U.K. Plans, and the other international plans are recorded in "Accrued pension liabilities" on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the projected benefit obligations less the fair values of the plans’ assets. The majority of the Company's defined benefit pension plans have projected benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets. For these plans (excluding the nonqualified plans discussed separately below), the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets were as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, Projected benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 773,551 $ 801,578 667,046 629,399 Certain of the Company's U.K. Plans and other international plans have fair values of plan assets that exceed the projected benefit obligations. For these plans, the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets were as follows as of December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, Projected benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 13,502 14,574 $ 11,734 14,326 A fixed number of U.S. employees, retirees, and eligible dependents are covered under a frozen post-retirement medical benefits plan. The liabilities for this plan are included in the Company's self-insured risks liabilities, and contributions from employees generally equals payments for their medical costs. This plan was frozen effective December 31, 2002. 72 In addition, the Company sponsors two frozen nonqualified, unfunded defined benefit pension plans for certain employees and retirees, which are based on career compensation. These plans were frozen effective December 31, 2002. The liabilities for these plans, which equal their projected benefit obligations, are included in "Other accrued liabilities" and "Other noncurrent liabilities" based on these expected timing of funding these obligations, since they are funded as needed from Company assets. The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plans’ assets for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans as of the plans’ most recent measurement dates is as follows: Year Ended December 31, Projected Benefit Obligations: Beginning of measurement period Service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Actuarial (gain) loss Benefits paid Foreign currency effects End of measurement period Fair Value of Plans’ Assets: Beginning of measurement period Actual return on plans’ assets Employer contributions Employee contributions Benefits paid Foreign currency effects End of measurement period Unfunded Status 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 813,312 $ 724,656 2,922 33,309 598 (24,772) (38,877) 561 787,053 643,725 48,890 26,890 598 (38,877) 394 681,620 (105,433) $ $ 2,220 35,137 650 90,764 (37,880) (2,235) 813,312 586,962 73,458 22,608 650 (37,880) (2,073) 643,725 (169,587) Due to the frozen status of the U.S. plans and the closed status of the U.K. plans, the accumulated benefit obligations and the projected benefit obligations are not materially different. The underfunded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement medical benefits plan recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 consisted of: December 31, U.S. Qualified Plan U.K. Plans Other international plans Subtotal, included in "Accrued pension liabilities" Prepaid pension asset included in "Other noncurrent assets" Unfunded status of nonqualified defined benefit deferred pension plans included in "Other accrued liabilities" Unfunded status of nonqualified defined benefit pension plans included in "Other noncurrent liabilities" Total unfunded status Accumulated other comprehensive loss, before income taxes 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 77,483 15,317 10,160 102,960 (1,072) 141,562 18,850 7,804 168,216 (2,592) 324 292 3,221 105,433 $ (276,497) $ 3,671 169,587 (319,068) $ $ $ 73 The following tables set forth the 2013 and 2012 changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the Company’s defined benefit retirement plans and post-retirement medical benefits plan on a combined basis. Net unrecognized actuarial (loss) gain at beginning of 2012 Amortization of net loss (gain) during 2012 Net loss arising during 2012 Currency translation for 2012 Net unrecognized actuarial (loss) gain at end of 2012 Amortization of net loss (gain) during 2013 Net gain arising during 2013 Currency translation for 2013 Net unrecognized actuarial (loss) gain at end of 2013 Defined Benefit Pension Plans Post-Retirement Medical Benefits Plan (In thousands) $ $ (272,531) $ 9,832 (59,919) 1,876 (320,742) 13,263 30,679 (1,162) (277,962) $ 1,883 (209) — — 1,674 (209) — — 1,465 Net unrecognized actuarial losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss and expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit costs during the year ending December 31, 2014 for the U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans are $11,429,000 ($7,767,000 net of tax). Net periodic benefit cost related to all of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 included the following components: Year Ended December 31, Service cost Interest cost Expected return on assets Amortization of actuarial loss Net periodic benefit cost 2013 2012 2011 2,922 33,309 (42,949) 13,263 (In thousands) 2,220 $ $ 2,689 35,137 (42,505) 9,832 36,048 (41,196) 11,347 6,545 $ 4,684 $ 8,888 $ $ Benefit cost for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans does not include service cost since the plan is frozen. Over the next ten years, the following benefit payments are expected to be required to be made from the Company’s U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans: Year Ending December 31, 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019-2023 Expected Benefit Payments (In thousands) 39,731 $ 40,844 41,965 42,814 43,630 227,239 74 Certain assumptions used in computing the benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for the U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans were as follows: U.S. Defined Benefit Plans: Discount rate used to compute benefit obligations Discount rate used to compute periodic benefit cost Expected long-term rates of return on plan’s assets U.K. Defined Benefit Plans: Discount rate used to compute benefit obligations Discount rate used to compute periodic benefit cost Expected long-term rates of return on plans’ assets 2013 2012 4.86% 4.06% 6.75% 4.06% 4.92% 7.25% 2013 2012 4.30% 4.40% 7.06% 4.40% 5.00% 7.85% The discount rate assumptions reflect the rates at which the Company believes the benefit obligations could be effectively settled. The discount rates were determined based on the yield for a portfolio of investment grade corporate bonds with maturity dates matched to the estimated future payments of the plans’ benefit obligations. The expected long-term rates of return on plan assets were based on the plans’ asset mix, historical returns on equity securities and fixed income investments, and an assessment of expected future returns. The expected long-term rates of return on plan assets assumption used to determine 2014 net periodic pension cost are estimated to be 6.75% and 7.12% for the U.S. and U.K. plans, respectively. If actual long-term rates of return differ from those assumed or if the Company used materially different assumptions, actual funding obligations could differ materially from these estimates. Due to the frozen status of the U.S. plan and closed status of the U.K. plans, increases in compensation rates are not material to the computations of benefit obligations or net periodic benefit cost. Plans’ Assets The plans’ asset allocations at the respective measurement dates, by asset category, for the Company’s U.S. and U.K. qualified defined benefit pension plans, were as follows: December 31, Equity securities Fixed income investments Alternative strategies Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment funds Total asset allocation U.S. Plan U.K. Plans 2013 2012 2013 2012 29.8% 67.8% 0.2% 2.2% 100.0% 32.9% 65.1% —% 2.0% 100.0% 26.0% 55.3% 17.0% 1.7% 100.0% 24.0% 55.6% 19.1% 1.3% 100.0% Investment objectives for the Company’s U.S. and U.K. pension plan assets are to ensure availability of funds for payment of plan benefits as they become due; provide for a reasonable amount of long-term growth of capital, without undue exposure to volatility; protect the assets from erosion of purchasing power; and provide investment results that meet or exceed the plans' actuarially assumed long-term rate of return. Alternative strategies include funds that invest in derivative instruments such as futures, forward contracts, options and swaps, and funds that invest in real estate. These investments are used to help manage risks. The long-term goal for the U.S. and U.K. plans is to reach fully-funded status and to maintain that status. The investment policies recognize that the plans’ asset return requirements and risk tolerances will change over time. Accordingly, reallocation of the portfolios’ mix of return-seeking assets and liability-hedging assets will be performed as the plans’ funded status improves. See Note 12, "Fair Value Measurements" for the fair value disclosures of the U.S. and U.K. qualified defined benefit pension plan assets. The assets of the Company's other international plans are primarily insurance contracts, which are measured at contract value and are not measured at fair value. Obligations for the U.S. nonqualified plans are paid from Company assets. 75 9. Common Stock and Earnings per Share Shares of the Company's two classes of common stock are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company's two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company's ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. As described in Note 11, "Stock-Based Compensation," certain shares of CRDA are issued with restrictions under incentive compensation plans. In May 2012, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to 2,000,000 shares of its common stock (either CRDA or CRDB or both) until May 2015. Under the repurchase program, repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions at such times and for such prices as management deems appropriate, subject to applicable regulatory guidelines. Through December 31, 2013, the Company has reacquired 1,162,335 shares of CRDA and 7,000 shares of CRDB at an average cost of $5.55 and $3.83 per share, respectively, under this program. Net Income Attributable to Shareholders of Crawford & Company per Common Share The Company computes earnings per share ("EPS") of CRDA and CRDB using the two-class method, which allocates the undistributed earnings for each period to each class on a proportionate basis. The Company's Board of Directors has the right, but not the obligation, to declare higher dividends on the non-voting CRDA shares than on the voting CRDB shares, subject to certain limitations. In periods when the dividend is the same for CRDA and CRDB or when no dividends are declared or paid to either class, the two-class method generally will yield the same earnings per share for CRDA and CRDB. During 2013, 2012, and 2011, the Board of Directors declared a higher dividend on CRDA than on CRDB. The computations of basic net income attributable to shareholders of Crawford & Company per common share were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Earnings per share - basic: Numerator: Allocation of undistributed earnings Dividends paid Denominator: 2013 CRDA 2012 CRDB CRDA CRDA (In thousands, except earnings per share) CRDB 2011 CRDB $ 23,063 $ 19,075 3,456 22,531 5,384 28,447 $ 21,246 $ 17,762 3,950 21,712 5,930 27,176 $ 21,827 $ 18,705 1,976 20,681 2,896 24,723 Weighted-average common shares outstanding 29,853 Earnings per share - basic $ 0.95 $ 24,690 0.91 29,536 $ 0.92 $ 24,693 0.88 28,820 $ 0.86 $ 24,697 0.84 76 The computations of diluted net income attributable to shareholders of Crawford & Company per common share were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 CRDA 2012 CRDB CRDA CRDA (In thousands, except earnings per share) CRDB 2011 CRDB Earnings per share - diluted: Numerator: Allocation of undistributed earnings Dividends paid Denominator: Number of shares used in basic earnings per share computation Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities Earnings per share - diluted $ 23,407 $ 18,731 3,456 22,187 5,384 28,791 $ 21,484 $ 17,524 3,950 21,474 5,930 27,414 $ 22,078 $ 18,454 1,976 20,430 2,896 24,974 29,853 1,002 30,855 $ 0.93 $ 24,690 — 24,690 0.90 29,536 736 30,272 $ 0.91 $ 24,693 — 24,693 0.87 28,820 729 29,549 $ 0.85 $ 24,697 — 24,697 0.83 Listed below are the shares excluded from the denominator in the above computation of diluted EPS for CRDA because their inclusion would have been antidilutive: Year Ended December 31, Shares underlying stock options excluded due to the options' respective exercise prices being greater than the average stock price during the period Performance stock grants excluded because performance conditions had not been met (1) 2013 2012 (In thousands) 2011 1,212 1,290 1,154 1,169 1,428 721 (1) Compensation cost is recognized for these performance stock grants based on expected achievement rates; however no consideration is given for these performance stock grants when calculating EPS until the performance measurements have actually been achieved. The performance measurements for 471,000 of these shares as of December 31, 2013 are expected to be achieved by December 31, 2014. 77 10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive income (loss) for the Company consists of the total of net income, foreign currency translations, the effective portions of the Company’s interest rate hedges (if any), and accrued pension and retiree medical liability adjustments. The changes in components of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" ("AOCL") included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows: (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2011 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications Unrealized net losses arising during the year Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (1) (2) Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income Balance at December 31, 2012 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications Unrealized net gains arising during the year Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income (1) Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income Balance at December 31, 2013 Foreign currency translation adjustments 10,476 $ (2,698) — — (2,698) 7,778 (4,234) — — (4,234) 3,544 $ $ Retirement liabilities Interest rate swap AOCL attributable to shareholders of Crawford & Company $ (173,665) $ — (39,934) 6,340 (33,594) $ (207,259) $ — 15,671 8,834 24,505 $ (182,754) $ (414) $ — — 414 414 — $ — — — — — $ (163,603) (2,698) (39,934) 6,754 (35,878) (199,481) (4,234) 15,671 8,834 20,271 (179,210) (1) (2) Retirement liabilities reclassified to net income are related to the amortization of actuarial losses and are included in "Selling, general, and administrative expenses" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 8, "Retirement Plans" for additional details. Interest rate swap agreement loss reclassified to net income is related to the reclassification of interest expense as the hedged transaction occurred and is included in "Corporate interest expense, net" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 5, "Derivative Instruments" for additional details. The other comprehensive income (loss) amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests shown in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Investment are foreign currency translation adjustments. 11. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has various stock-based incentive compensation plans for its employees and members of its Board of Directors. Only shares of CRDA can be issued under these plans. The fair value of an equity award is estimated on the grant date without regard to service or performance conditions. The fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period for all awards that vest. When recognizing compensation costs, estimates are made for the number of awards that are expected to vest, and subsequent adjustments are made to reflect both changes in the number of shares expected to vest and actual vesting. Compensation cost recognized at the end of any year equals at least the portion of the grant-date value of an award that is vested at that date. The pretax compensation expense recognized for all stock-based compensation plans was $3,835,000, $3,660,000, and $3,756,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for stock-based compensation arrangements was approximately $1,338,000, $1,221,000, and $1,273,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Some of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards are granted under plans which are designed not to be taxable as compensation to the recipient based on tax laws of the U.S. or other applicable country. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize tax benefits on all of its stock-based compensation expense. Adjustments to additional paid-in capital for differences between deductions taken on its income tax returns related to stock-based compensation plans and the related income tax benefits previously recognized for financial reporting purposes were not significant in any year. 78 Stock Options The Company has granted nonqualified and incentive stock options to key employees and directors. All stock options were for shares of CRDA. Option awards were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. The Company’s stock option plans have been approved by shareholders, and the Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to make specific grants of stock options under active plans. Employee stock options typically are subject to graded vesting over three years (33% each year) and have a typical life of ten years. Compensation cost for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, compensation expense of $640,000, $0, and $72,000, respectively, was recognized for employee stock option awards. A summary of option activity as of December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, and changes during each year, is presented below: Outstanding at January 1, 2011 Exercised Forfeited or expired Outstanding at December 31, 2011 Forfeited or expired Outstanding at December 31, 2012 Granted Exercised Forfeited or expired Outstanding at December 31, 2013 Vested and Exercisable at December 31, 2013 Shares (In thousands) 1,680 (2) (330) 1,348 (234) 1,114 749 (49) (154) 1,660 926 Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) $ $ $ 6.80 4.70 8.77 6.33 8.57 5.86 5.08 5.57 5.22 5.57 5.96 3.4 years $ 2.9 years $ — — 2.5 years $ 459 5.1 years 1.8 years $ $ 3,517 1,600 The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2013 was $1.86. No stock options were granted in 2012 or 2011. The intrinsic value of all outstanding stock options at December 31, 2011 was zero since the per share market price of CRDA was less than the exercise price of all outstanding stock options. The options exercised in 2013 and 2011 had an intrinsic value of $49,000 and less than $1,000, respectively. No options were exercised in 2012. No options vested in 2013 or 2012. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the year ended December 31, 2011 was $221,000. At December 31, 2013, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested employee stock options was $729,000. Directors’ stock options had no unrecognized compensation cost since directors’ options were vested when granted, and the grant-date fair values were fully expensed on grant date. 79 The fair value of each option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula, with the following weighted average assumptions: Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Risk-free interest rate Expected term of options 2013 4.50% 57.70% 1.22% 7 years The expected dividend yield used for 2013 was based on the Company's historical dividend yield for 2011 and 2012. The expected volatility of the price of CRDA was based on historical realized volatility. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury Daily Yield Curve Rate on the grant date, with a term equal to the expected term used in the pricing formula. The expected term of the option took into account both the contractual term of the option and the effects of expected exercise behavior. Performance-Based Stock Grants Performance share grants are made to certain key employees of the Company. Such employees are eligible to earn shares of CRDA upon the achievement of certain individual and corporate objectives. Grants of performance shares are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors, or the Board’s Compensation Committee, and are subject to graded or cliff vesting over three-year periods. Shares are not issued until the vesting requirements have been met. Dividends are not paid or accrued on unvested/unissued shares. The grant-date fair value of a performance share grant is based on the market value of CRDA on the date of grant, reduced for the present value of any dividends expected to be paid on CRDA shares but not paid to holders of unvested/unissued performance grants. Compensation expense for each award is recognized ratably from the grant date to the vesting date for each tranche. A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested performance shares as of December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, and changes during each year, is presented below: Nonvested at January 1, 2011 Granted Vested Forfeited or unearned Nonvested at December 31, 2011 Granted Vested Forfeited or unearned Nonvested at December 31, 2012 Granted Vested Forfeited or unearned Nonvested at December 31, 2013 Shares 437,678 $ 1,082,250 (651,271) (8,157) 860,500 908,000 (531,791) (67,584) 1,169,125 981,000 (449,958) (59,167) 1,641,000 $ Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value 3.91 3.51 3.89 3.66 3.42 3.70 3.48 3.48 3.68 4.75 3.76 4.03 4.26 The total fair value of the performance shares that vested in 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $1,693,000, $1,849,000, and $2,534,000, respectively. Compensation expense recognized for all performance shares totaled $2,223,000, $2,645,000, and $2,749,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Compensation cost for these awards is net of estimated or actual award forfeitures. As of December 31, 2013, there was an estimated $3,539,000 of unearned compensation cost for all nonvested performance shares. All of this unearned compensation cost is expected to be fully recognized by the end of 2015. 80 Restricted Shares The Company’s Board of Directors may elect to issue restricted shares of CRDA in lieu of, or in addition to, cash payments to certain key employees. Employees receiving these shares are subject to restrictions on their ability to sell the shares. Such restrictions generally lapse ratably over vesting periods ranging from several months to five years. The grant- date fair value of a restricted share of CRDA is based on the market value of the stock on the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period since these awards only have service conditions once granted. A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares of CRDA as of December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 and changes during each year, is presented below: Nonvested at January 1, 2011 Granted Vested Nonvested at December 31, 2011 Granted Vested Forfeited or unearned Nonvested at December 31, 2012 Granted Vested Nonvested at December 31, 2013 Shares 25,200 $ 167,736 (184,266) 8,670 239,913 (177,498) (3,918) 67,167 86,017 (84,184) 69,000 Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value 5.62 3.33 3.58 4.69 4.03 4.00 4.38 4.29 5.88 5.27 5.07 Compensation expense recognized for all restricted shares for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $664,000, $607,000, and $557,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, there was $187,000 of total unearned compensation cost related to nonvested restricted shares which is expected to be recognized by December 31, 2016. Employee Stock Purchase Plans The Company has three employee stock purchase plans: the U.S. Plan, the U.K. Plan, and the International Plan. The U.S. Plan is also available to eligible employees in Canada, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The International Plan is for eligible employees located in certain other countries who are not covered by the U.S. Plan or the U.K. Plan. All plans are compensatory. For all plans, the requisite service period is the period of time over which the employees contribute to the plans through payroll withholdings. For purposes of recognizing compensation expense, estimates are made for the total withholdings expected over the entire withholding period. The market price of a share of stock at the beginning of the withholding period is then used to estimate the total number of shares that will be purchased using the total estimated withholdings. Compensation cost is recognized ratably over the withholding period. Under the U.S. Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 1,500,000 shares of CRDA to eligible employees. Participating employees can elect to have up to $21,000 of their eligible annual earnings withheld to purchase shares at the end of the one-year withholding period which starts each July 1 and ends the following June 30. The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the lesser of the closing price of a share of such stock on the first day or the last day of the withholding period. Participating employees may cease payroll withholdings during the withholding period and/or request a refund of all amounts withheld before any shares are purchased. Since the U.S. Plan involves a look-back option, the calculation of compensation cost is separated into two components. The first component is calculated as 15% (the employee discount) of a nonvested share of CRDA. The second component involves using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula to value a one year option to purchase 85% of a share of CRDA. This value is adjusted to reflect the effect of any estimated dividends that the employee will not receive during the life of the option component. 81 During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, a total of 146,891 and 148,365 shares, respectively, of CRDA were issued under the U.S. Plan to the Company’s employees at purchase prices of $3.29 in each year. At December 31, 2013, an estimated 111,000 shares will be issued and purchased under the U.S. Plan in 2014. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, compensation expense of $198,000, $270,000, and $225,000, respectively, was recognized for the U.S. Plan. Under the U.K. Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of CRDA. Under the U.K. Plan, eligible employees can elect to have up to £250 withheld from payroll each month to purchase shares after the end of a three-year savings period. The purchase price of a share of stock is 85% of the market price of the stock at a date prior to the grant date as determined under the U.K. Plan. Participating employees may cease payroll withholdings and/or request a refund of all amounts withheld before any shares are purchased. For purposes of calculating the compensation expense for shares issuable under the U.K. Plan, the fair value of a share is equal to 15% (the employee discount) of the market price of a share of CRDA at the beginning of the withholding period. At December 31, 2013, an estimated 1,426,000 shares will be eligible for purchase under the U.K. Plan at the end of the current withholding periods. This estimate is subject to change based on future fluctuations in the value of the British pound against the U.S. dollar, future changes in the market price of CRDA, and future employee participation rates. The purchase price for a share of CRDA under the U.K. Plan ranges from $1.87 to $3.60. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, compensation cost of $110,000, $138,000, and $153,000, respectively, was recognized for the U.K. Plan. During 2013, 2012, and 2011, a total of 495,968 shares, 15,008, shares and 20,363 shares of CRDA were issued under the U.K. Plan, respectively. Under the International Plan, up to 1,000,000 shares of CRDA may be issued. Participating employees can elect to have up to $21,250 of their eligible annual earnings withheld to purchase up to 5,000 shares of CRDA at the end of the one-year withholding period which starts each July 1 and ends the following June 30. The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the lesser of the closing price for a share of such stock on the first day or the last day of the withholding period. Participating employees may cease payroll withholdings during the withholding period and/or request a refund of all amounts withheld before any shares are purchased. During 2013 10,794 shares were issued under the International Plan. No shares were issued under the International Plan in 2012 or 2011. 12. Fair Value Measurements GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, the inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized based on a three-level hierarchy. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1— Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. The Company values assets and liabilities included in this level using dealer and broker quotations, certain pricing models, bid prices, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. 82 (2) (2) Recurring Fair Value Measurements The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. December 31, Assets: Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) 2013 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) (In thousands) Total Money market funds (1) Derivative not designated as hedging instrument: $ Cross currency basis swap (2) 47 $ — $ 47 — 1,104 1,104 ____________________ (1) The fair values of the money market funds were based on recently quoted market prices and reported transactions in an active marketplace. Money market funds are included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Cash and cash equivalents." The fair value of the cross currency basis swap was derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the swap and the forward curves for interest rates adjusted for the Company's credit risk. The fair value of the cross currency basis swap is included in "Other noncurrent assets" on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, based upon the term of the cross currency basis swap. December 31, Assets: Money market funds (1) Liabilities: Level 1 2012 Level 2 (In thousands) Total $ 47 $ — $ 47 Derivative not designated as hedging instruments: Cross currency basis swap (2) — (752) (752) ____________________ (1) The fair values of the money market funds were based on recently quoted market prices and reported transactions in an active marketplace. Money market funds are included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Cash and cash equivalents." The fair value of the cross currency basis swap was derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the swap and the forward curves for interest rates adjusted for the Company's credit risk. $432,000 of the fair value of the cross currency basis swap is included in "Other accrued liabilities" and $320,000 of the fair value of the cross currency basis swap is included in "Other noncurrent liabilities" on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, based upon the term of the cross currency basis swap. The fair values of accounts receivable, unbilled revenues, accounts payable and short-term borrowings approximate their respective carrying values due to the short-term maturities of the instruments. The interest rate on the Company's variable rate long-term debt resets at least every 90 days; therefore, the recorded value approximates fair value. Fair Value Measurements for Defined Benefit Pension Plan Assets The fair value hierarchy is also applied to certain other assets that indirectly impact the Company's consolidated financial statements. Assets contributed by the Company to its defined benefit pension plans become the property of the individual plans. Even though the Company no longer has control over these assets, it is indirectly impacted by subsequent fair value adjustments to these assets. The actual return on these assets impacts the Company's future net periodic benefit cost, as well as amounts recognized in its consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses the fair value hierarchy to measure the fair value of assets held by its U.S. and U.K. defined benefit pension plans. 83 The following table summarizes the level within the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of the Company's pension plan assets for its U.S. plan at December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, Level 1 2013 Level 2 Total Level 1 (In thousands) 2012 Level 2 Total Asset Category: Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-term Investment Funds Equity Securities: U.S. International Fixed Income Securities: U.S. International Other TOTAL $ 4,044 $ — $ 4,044 $ 752 $ — $ 752 — — — 5,072 5,072 — 7,167 7,167 83,649 38,090 83,649 38,090 20,180 636 65,707 42,436 85,887 43,072 21,039 719 — $ 25,802 242,385 12,621 625 $ 382,442 263,424 13,340 625 $ 408,244 10,224 — — $ 31,792 235,985 9,170 46 $ 360,511 246,209 9,170 46 $ 392,303 The following table summarizes the level within the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of the Company's pension plan assets for its U.K. plans at December 31, 2013 and 2012: December 31, 2013 2012 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (In thousands) Asset Category: Cash and Cash Equivalents Equity Securities: U.S. International Fixed Income Securities: Money market funds Government securities Corporate bonds and debt securities Mortgage- backed securities Alternative strategy funds Real estate funds TOTAL $ 4,322 $ — $ — $ 4,322 $ 2,951 $ — $ — $ 2,951 — — 29,457 34,579 — 60,644 8,778 50,180 — — 15,958 789 — — — — — — 29,457 34,579 — — 25,358 29,768 60,644 — 49,806 58,958 1,546 61,893 15,958 789 — — 14,064 694 — — — — — — 25,358 29,768 49,806 63,439 14,064 694 129 — $ 13,229 28,523 — $ 220,130 — 13,319 $ 13,319 28,652 13,319 $ 246,678 $ — — 4,497 30,604 — $ 212,187 — 13,238 $ 13,238 30,604 13,238 $ 229,922 Short-term investment funds consist primarily of funds with a maturity of 60 days or less and are valued at amortized cost which approximates fair value. 84 Equity securities consist primarily of common and preferred stocks of publicly traded U.S. companies and international companies and common collective funds. Publicly traded equities are valued at the closing prices reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. Common collective funds are valued at the net asset value per share multiplied by the number of shares held as of the measurement date. Fixed income securities consists of money market funds, government securities, corporate bonds and debt securities, mortgage-backed securities and other common collective funds. Government securities are valued by third-party pricing sources. Corporate bonds are valued using either the yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings or using a discounted cash flows approach that utilizes observable inputs, such as current yields of similar instruments, and includes adjustments for valuation adjustments from internal pricing models which use observable inputs such as issuer details, interest rates, yield curves, default rates and quoted prices for similar assets. Mortgage-backed securities are valued by pricing service providers that use broker-dealer quotations or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models. Other common collective funds are valued at the net asset value per share multiplied by the number of shares held as of the measurement date. Alternative strategy funds consist of funds invested in listings on active exchanges, which are valued as Level 1 assets, and amounts in funds valued at the net asset value per share multiplied by the number of shares held as of the measurement date, which are valued as Level 2 assets. Alternative strategy funds may include derivative instruments such as futures, forward contracts, options and swaps and are used to help manage risks. Derivative instruments are generally valued by the investment managers or in certain instances by third party pricing sources. Real estate funds are primarily property unit trusts whose values are primarily reported by the fund manager and are based on valuation of the underlying investments which include inputs such as cost, discounted cash flows, independent appraisals and market-based comparable data. The fair values may, due to the inherent uncertainty of valuation for those investments, differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of Level 3 assets for the Company's U.K. pension plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012: Alternative Strategy Funds Real Estate Funds Total Balance at December 31, 2011 Actual return on plan assets: Related to assets still held at the reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements—net Balance at December 31, 2012 Actual return on plan assets: Related to assets still held at the reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements—net Balance at December 31, 2013 $ $ $ (In thousands) 7,980 $ 931 $ 8,911 (665) (266) (107) 5,365 (772) 5,099 — $ 13,238 $ 13,238 — — 55 26 55 26 — $ 13,319 $ 13,319 13. Segment and Geographic Information The Company’s four reportable segments represent components of the business for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. The segments are organized based upon the nature of services and/or geographic areas served and are: Americas, which primarily serves the property and casualty insurance company markets in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean; EMEA/AP which serves the property and casualty insurance company and self-insurance markets in Europe, including the U.K., the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region (which includes Australia and New Zealand); Broadspire which serves the self-insurance marketplace, primarily in the U.S.; and Legal Settlement Administration which serves the securities, bankruptcy, and other legal settlement markets, primarily in the U.S. Intersegment sales are recorded at cost and are not material. 85 Operating earnings is the primary financial performance measure used by the Company’s senior management and the CODM to evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s four operating segments and make resource allocation decisions. The Company believes this measure is useful to investors in that it allows investors to evaluate segment operating performance using the same criteria used by the Company’s senior management and CODM. Operating earnings will differ from net income computed in accordance with GAAP since operating earnings represent segment earnings (loss) before certain unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, net corporate interest expense, stock option expense, amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets, special charges and credits, income taxes, and net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Segment operating earnings (loss) includes allocations of certain corporate and shared costs. If the Company changes its allocation methods or changes the types of costs that are allocated to its four operating segments, prior period amounts presented in the current period financial statements are adjusted to conform to the current allocation process. In the normal course of its business, the Company sometimes pays for certain out-of-pocket expenses that are thereafter reimbursed by its clients. Under GAAP, these out-of-pocket expenses and associated reimbursements are required to be included when reporting expenses and revenues, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated results of operations. However, in evaluating segment results, Company management excludes these reimbursements and related expenses from segment results, as they offset each other. Financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 related to the Company’s reportable segments is presented below. Certain marketing functions that were previously included in each segment are now included in the Company's corporate administrative costs and allocated back to the segments. The results of prior periods have been revised to conform to the current presentation. 2013 Revenues before reimbursements Segment operating earnings Depreciation and amortization (1) Assets 2012 Revenues before reimbursements Segment operating earnings Depreciation and amortization (1) Assets 2011 Revenues before reimbursements Segment operating earnings (loss) Depreciation and amortization (1) Assets Americas EMEA/AP Broadspire Legal Settlement Administration Total (In thousands) $ $ $ $ 342,240 18,532 3,218 131,765 334,431 11,878 3,693 137,609 $ $ 350,164 32,158 5,167 261,127 366,718 48,481 5,105 284,981 $ 357,872 $ 340,090 $ 20,007 4,222 139,977 28,096 4,787 266,160 252,242 8,245 2,145 109,933 238,960 21 2,512 110,984 234,775 (11,417) 2,766 123,751 $ $ $ $ 218,799 46,752 5,252 111,869 236,608 60,284 4,263 106,878 1,163,445 105,687 15,782 614,694 1,176,717 120,664 15,573 640,452 $ 192,618 $ 1,125,355 51,307 3,469 92,343 87,993 15,244 622,231 ______________________ (1) Excludes amortization expense of finite-lived customer-relationship and trade name intangible assets. Substantially all revenues earned in the Broadspire and Legal Settlement Administration segments are earned in the U.S. Substantially all of the revenues earned in the EMEA/AP segment are earned outside of the U.S. Revenues by major service line in the U.S. and by area for other regions in the Americas segment and by service line for the Broadspire segment are shown in the following table. It is not practicable to provide revenues by service line for the EMEA/AP segment. 86 Year Ended December 31, Americas U.S. Claims Field Operations U.S. Technical Services U.S. Catastrophe Services Subtotal U.S. Claims Services Contractor Connection Subtotal U.S. Property & Casualty Canada—all service lines Latin America/Caribbean—all service lines Total Revenues before Reimbursements—Americas Broadspire Workers' Compensation and Liability Claims Management Medical Management Risk Management Information Services Total Revenues before Reimbursements—Broadspire 2013 2012 (In thousands) 2011 $ $ $ $ 104,001 27,479 36,067 167,547 36,046 203,593 122,748 15,899 342,240 107,624 128,802 15,816 252,242 $ $ $ $ 105,932 29,122 38,504 173,558 27,470 201,028 120,767 12,636 334,431 100,051 122,833 16,076 238,960 $ $ $ $ 113,597 32,232 37,648 183,477 22,678 206,155 136,177 15,540 357,872 100,039 118,205 16,531 234,775 The Company considers all Legal Settlement Administration revenues to be derived from one service line. For the years ended December 31, 2012, and 2011, it had revenues before reimbursements associated with two related special projects that exceeded 10% of the Company's consolidated revenues before reimbursements. Revenues from these special projects were $165.6 million and $121.1 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 are shown in the following table: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Americas EMEA/AP Broadspire Legal Settlement Administration Corporate Total capital expenditures $ 6,210 4,663 6,452 5,257 8,431 (In thousands) 4,944 $ $ 5,225 7,187 9,167 6,653 4,356 6,581 6,504 5,451 7,006 $ 31,013 $ 33,176 $ 29,898 The total of the Company’s reportable segments’ revenues reconciled to total consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was as follows: Year Ended December 31, Segments’ revenues before reimbursements Reimbursements Total consolidated revenues 2013 2012 2011 1,163,445 89,985 (In thousands) 1,176,717 $ 89,421 1,253,430 $ 1,266,138 $ $ $ $ 1,125,355 86,007 1,211,362 87 The Company’s reportable segments’ total operating earnings reconciled to consolidated income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Operating earnings of all reportable segments Unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits Net corporate interest expense Stock option expense Amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets Special charges and credits Income before income taxes $ 105,687 (10,829) (6,423) (948) (6,385) — $ 81,102 (In thousands) 120,664 $ (10,504) (8,607) (408) (6,373) (11,332) 83,440 $ $ $ 87,993 (9,403) (15,911) (450) (6,177) 2,379 58,431 The Company’s reportable segments’ total assets reconciled to consolidated total assets of the Company at December 31, 2013 and 2012 are presented in the following table. All foreign-denominated cash and cash equivalents are reported within the Americas and EMEA/AP segments, while all U.S. cash and cash equivalents are reported as corporate assets in the following table: December 31, Assets of reportable segments Corporate assets: Cash and cash equivalents Unallocated allowances on receivables Property and equipment Capitalized software costs, net Assets of deferred compensation plan Capitalized loan costs Deferred income tax assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets Other noncurrent assets Total corporate assets Total assets 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 614,694 $ 640,452 8,015 (4,450) 9,481 65,848 15,140 4,394 61,375 9,559 6,002 10,402 (3,766) 8,465 60,383 14,741 3,878 99,288 4,976 8,596 175,364 $ 790,058 $ 206,963 847,415 Revenues and long-lived assets for the countries in which revenues or long-lived assets represent more than 10 percent of the consolidated totals are set out in the two tables below. For the purposes of these geographic area disclosures, long-lived assets include items such as property and equipment and capital lease assets and exclude intangible assets, including goodwill. In the Americas segment, only the U.S. and Canada are considered material for disclosure. 2013 Revenues before reimbursements Long-lived assets 2012 Revenues before reimbursements Long-lived assets 2011 Revenues before reimbursements Long-lived assets U.S. Canada Other (In thousands) Total Americas Segment $ 203,593 2,832 $ 122,748 3,571 $ 15,899 913 $ 342,240 7,316 201,028 2,522 120,767 4,566 206,155 3,026 136,177 5,661 12,636 1,029 15,540 1,161 334,431 8,117 357,872 9,848 88 In the EMEA/AP segment, only the U.K. is considered material for disclosure. 2013 Revenues before reimbursements Long-lived assets 2012 Revenues before reimbursements Long-lived assets 2011 Revenues before reimbursements Long-lived assets 14. Client Funds U.K. CEMEA Asia/Pacific (In thousands) Total EMEA/AP Segment $ 119,747 9,691 $ 112,374 2,251 $ 118,043 4,876 $ 350,164 16,818 133,436 9,715 97,396 2,286 135,886 5,353 366,718 17,354 149,053 10,221 95,599 2,787 95,438 5,211 340,090 18,219 The Company maintains funds in custodial accounts at financial institutions to administer claims for certain clients. These funds are not available for the Company’s general operating activities and, as such, have not been recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of these funds totaled $337,424,000 and $815,608,000 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. In addition, the Company’s Legal Settlement Administration segment administers funds in noncustodial accounts at financial institutions that totaled $504,074,000 and $350,705,000 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 15. Commitments and Contingencies As part of the Company’s Credit Facility, the Company maintains a letter of credit facility to satisfy certain of its own contractual requirements. At December 31, 2013, the aggregate committed amount of letters of credit outstanding under the facility was $17,837,000. In the normal course of the claims administration services business, the Company is sometimes named as a defendant in suits by insureds or claimants contesting decisions made by the Company or its clients with respect to the settlement of claims. Additionally, certain clients of the Company have in the past brought, and may in the future bring, actions for indemnification on the basis of alleged negligence by the Company, its agents, or its employees in rendering services to clients. The majority of these claims are of the type covered by insurance maintained by the Company. However, the Company is responsible for the deductibles and self-insured retentions under various insurance coverages. In the opinion of Company management, adequate provisions have been made for such known and foreseeable risks. The Company is subject to numerous federal, state, and foreign employment laws, and from time to time the Company faces claims by its employees and former employees under such laws. Such claims or litigation involving the Company or any of the Company’s current or former employees could divert management’s time and attention from the Company’s business operations and could potentially result in substantial costs of defense, settlement or other disposition, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. In the opinion of Company management, adequate provisions have been made for such known and foreseeable risks. 89 16. Special Charges and Credits and Other Income Special Charges and Credits There were no special charges or credits during 2013. During 2012, the Company recorded pretax special charges of $11,332,000, consisting of $1,163,000 for severance costs, $642,000 for retention bonuses, $849,000 for temporary labor costs, and $140,000 for other expenses for a project to outsource certain aspects of our U.S. technology infrastructure; $4,285,000 to adjust the estimated loss on a leased facility the Company no longer uses; and $3,404,000 for severance costs and $849,000 for lease termination costs, primarily related to restructuring activities in its North American operations. As of December 31, 2013, the following liabilities remained on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the special charges recorded in 2012. The rollforwards of these costs for the year ended December 31, 2013 follows: (in thousands) Beginning balance, January 1, 2013 Adjustments to accruals Cash payments Deferred rent 2,148 $ 516 — $ Ending balance, December 31, 2013 $ 2,664 $ Accrued compensation and related costs Other accrued liabilities Other noncurrent liabilities 2,303 — (1,805) 498 $ $ 1,509 35 (1,241) 303 $ $ 1,253 (204) (465) 584 $ $ Total 7,213 347 (3,511) 4,049 During 2011, the Company recorded a net pretax special credit of $2,379,000, consisting of a gain of $6,992,000 related to the final settlement of a legal arbitration, net of a $3,415,000 write-off of deferred financing costs related to the repayment of its then-outstanding Term Loan B, and $1,198,000 in severance expense related to the Broadspire segment. Other Income Other income includes dividend income from the Company's unconsolidated subsidiaries and miscellaneous other income. Included in "Other income" for the year ended December 31, 2013 was a $2,286,000 gain from the sale of the rights to a customer contract in Latin America in the first quarter of 2013. All of these amounts are included in the Americas segment operating earnings. 90 Management’s Statement on Responsibility for Financial Reporting The management of Crawford & Company is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the financial information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, using informed judgments and estimates where appropriate. The Company maintains a system of internal accounting policies, procedures, and controls designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that assets are safeguarded and transactions are executed and recorded in accordance with management’s authorization. The internal accounting control system is augmented by a program of internal audits and reviews by management, written policies and guidelines, and the careful selection and training of qualified personnel. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, comprised solely of outside directors, is responsible for monitoring the Company’s accounting and reporting practices. The Audit Committee meets regularly with management, the internal auditors, and the independent auditors to review the work of each and to assure that each performs its responsibilities. The independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, was selected by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Both the internal auditors and Ernst & Young LLP have unrestricted access to the Audit Committee allowing open discussion, without management present, on the quality of financial reporting and the adequacy of accounting, disclosure and financial reporting controls. February 26, 2014 /s/ Jeffrey T. Bowman Jeffrey T. Bowman President and Chief Executive Officer /s/ W. Bruce Swain W. Bruce Swain Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer /s/ W. Forrest Bell W. Forrest Bell Vice President, Corporate Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer 91 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Crawford & Company We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Crawford & Company as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and shareholders' investment for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Crawford & Company at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Crawford & Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) and our report dated February 26, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Atlanta, Georgia February 26, 2014 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP 92 CRAWFORD & COMPANY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) 2013 Quarterly Period Revenues from services: First Second Third Fourth Full Year (In thousands, except per share amounts and amounts in footnotes) Revenues before reimbursements $ 286,281 $ 298,947 $ 293,338 $ 284,879 $ 1,163,445 Reimbursements Total revenues Total costs of services Income before income taxes Americas operating earnings (1) EMEA/AP operating earnings (1) Broadspire operating (loss) earnings (1) Legal Settlement Administration operating earnings (1) Unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits Net corporate interest expense Stock option expense Amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets Income taxes Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income attributable to shareholders of Crawford & Company Earnings per CRDB share — basic (2) (4) Earnings per CRDB share — diluted (2) (4) $ $ $ 20,845 307,126 234,186 14,671 3,220 6,822 (1,768) 12,013 (2,297) (1,643) (80) (1,596) (4,990) 58 9,739 0.17 0.17 27,181 326,128 239,514 26,878 4,417 8,392 4,359 16,530 (3,333) (1,600) (293) (1,594) (10,010) 20,118 313,456 232,493 22,929 9,718 4,272 1,884 10,171 275 (1,519) (279) (1,593) (9,221) 21,841 306,720 230,234 16,624 1,177 12,672 3,770 8,038 (5,474) (1,661) (296) (1,602) (5,545) 89,985 1,253,430 936,427 81,102 18,532 32,158 8,245 46,752 (10,829) (6,423) (948) (6,385) (29,766) 140 (303) (253) (358) $ $ $ 17,008 0.31 0.30 $ $ $ 13,405 0.24 0.24 $ $ $ 10,826 0.19 0.19 $ $ $ 50,978 0.91 0.90 93 2012 Quarterly Period Revenues from services: First Second Third Fourth(3) Full Year (In thousands, except per share amounts and amounts in footnotes) Revenues before reimbursements $ 267,753 $ 293,847 $ 302,136 $ 312,981 $ 1,176,717 Reimbursements Total revenues Total costs of services Income before income taxes Americas operating (loss) earnings (1) EMEA/AP operating earnings (1) Broadspire operating earnings (loss) (1) Legal Settlement Administration operating earnings (1) Unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits Net corporate interest expense Stock option expense Amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets Special charges and credits Income taxes Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income attributable to shareholders of Crawford & Company Earnings per CRDB share — basic (2) (4) Earnings per CRDB share — diluted (2) (4) 19,593 287,346 219,300 25,169 319,016 237,984 9,613 (512) 5,581 1 10,683 (1,361) (2,169) (122) (1,598) (890) (3,393) (155) 18,275 1,407 11,732 (372) 15,792 (4,603) (2,387) (123) (1,600) (1,571) (7,583) (267) 22,110 324,246 234,589 28,774 6,534 12,954 (202) 15,639 (1,966) (2,229) (77) (1,546) (333) (10,237) (12,473) (322) (122) $ $ $ 6,065 0.11 0.11 $ $ $ 10,425 0.19 0.18 $ $ $ 18,215 0.33 0.33 $ $ $ 14,183 0.26 0.25 $ $ $ 22,549 335,530 244,186 89,421 1,266,138 936,059 26,778 4,449 18,214 594 18,170 (2,574) (1,822) (86) (1,629) (8,538) 83,440 11,878 48,481 21 60,284 (10,504) (8,607) (408) (6,373) (11,332) (33,686) (866) 48,888 0.88 0.87 __________________ (1) This is a segment financial measure representing segment earnings (loss) before certain unallocated corporate and shared costs and credits, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, net corporate interest expense, stock option expense, amortization of customer-relationship intangible assets, special charges and credits, income taxes, and net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. See Note 13, “Segment and Geographic Information,” to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in this Item 8. (2) Due to the method used in calculating per share data as prescribed by ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” the quarterly per share data may not total to the full-year per share data. (3) During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company recorded $8.5 million in special pretax charges, consisting of $4.3 million to adjust the estimated loss on a leased facility the Company no longer uses and $3.4 million for severance costs and $0.8 million for lease termination costs, primarily related to restructuring activities in our North American operations. See Note 16, “Special Charges and Credits and Other Income," to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in this Item 8. (4) The Company may pay a higher dividend on its CRDA common stock than on its CRDB shares. This dividend differential can result in different earnings per share for each class of stock due to the two-class method of computing EPS as required by current accounting guidance. CRDB generally presents a more dilutive measure. 94 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Registrant maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Registrant in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized or reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and regulations. Management necessarily applies its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which, by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management's control objectives. The Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures can prevent all possible errors or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Judgments in decision-making can be faulty and breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of one or more persons. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and while our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to be effective under circumstances where they should reasonably be expected to operate effectively, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in any control system, misstatements due to possible errors or fraud may occur and not be detected. The Registrant's management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2013. Based on that evaluation, the Registrant's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2013. Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The management of Crawford & Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the Company's assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company's management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 95 Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992 framework). Based on this assessment, management determined that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. The Company's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, is appointed by the Audit Committee. Ernst & Young LLP has audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements of Crawford & Company and the Company's internal control over financial reporting, each as contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Remediation of Material Weakness During the year ended December 31, 2013, including the quarter ended December 31, 2013, our management completed corrective actions to remediate the material weakness identified in our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2013, June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2013. Specifically, the following actions were taken with respect to the following identified material weakness: The Company did not maintain sufficient resources in the corporate tax function to provide for adequate and timely preparation and review of various income tax calculations, reconciliations and related supporting documentation required to apply our accounting policies for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. To resolve this issue, the following improvements were implemented: • • • • • reevaluated the roles and responsibilities within our tax function, which culminated in the hiring of additional experienced tax managers; hired a new Director - Tax Accounting with an appropriate level of tax and accounting knowledge, experience and training to meet our tax and financial reporting requirements, and who reports to our corporate controller; expanded the use and functionality of our tax accounting software to automate many calculations previously manually prepared; revised the distribution of responsibility for accounting for income taxes in certain international jurisdictions through the use of a consolidating software package; and implemented additional policies and procedures to enhance internal control and provide timely reconciliation and review of the Company's income tax accounting including those policies and procedures related to our international operations. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Other than the completed remediation actions described above, there were no changes in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 96 Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Crawford & Company We have audited Crawford & Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) (the COSO criteria). Crawford & Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Crawford & Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Crawford & Company as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and shareholders’ investment for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 of Crawford & Company, and our report dated February 26, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Atlanta, Georgia February 26, 2014 PART III 97 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Information required by this Item will be included under the captions “Election of Directors — Nominee Information”, “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, "Executive Officers," “Corporate Governance—Standing Committees and Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings” and “Corporate Governance — Corporate Governance Guidelines, Committee Charters and Code of Business Conduct” of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 8, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. The Registrant has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for its CEO, CFO, principal accounting officer and all other officers, directors and employees of the Registrant. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as well as the Registrant’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and Committee Charters, are available at www.crawfordandcompany.com. Any amendment or waiver of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be posted on this website within four business days after the effectiveness thereof. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics may also be obtained without charge by writing to Corporate Secretary, Legal Department, Crawford & Company, 1001 Summit Boulevard, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30319. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this Item will be included under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Summary Compensation Table,” “Employment and Change in Control Arrangements,” “Corporate Governance—Director Compensation,” “Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on Executive Compensation,” and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 8, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this Item will be included under the captions “Stock Ownership Information” and “Equity Compensation Plans” of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 8, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item will be included under the captions “Information with Respect to Certain Business Relationships and Related Transactions” and "Corporate Governance - Director Independence" of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 8, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES Information regarding principal accountant fees and services will be included under the caption “Ratification of Independent Auditor — Fees Paid to Ernst & Young LLP” of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 8, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. 98 PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as part of this report: 1. Financial Statements The financial statements listed below and the related report of Ernst & Young LLP are incorporated herein by reference and included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: • Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 • Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 • Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 • Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Investment for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 • Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 • Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 2. Financial Statement Schedule • Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts — Information required by this schedule is included under the caption “Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts” in Note 1 and also in Note 7, "Income Taxes" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated herein by reference. Other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable. 3. Exhibits filed with this report. Exhibit No. Document 3.1 3.2 10.1* 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2007). Restated By-laws of the Registrant, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 5, 2013). Crawford & Company 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). Crawford & Company 1997 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). Crawford & Company 2007 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 3, 2007). Crawford & Company Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 5, 2009). Crawford & Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated December 20, 2007, effective as of January 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). 99 Exhibit No. Document 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* 10.13* 10.14* 10.15* 10.16* 10.17* 10.18* 10.19* 10.20* 10.21* 10.22* Crawford & Company 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended, (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 4, 2010). Crawford & Company Medical Reimbursement Plan, as amended and restated January 31, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). Crawford & Company Discretionary Allowance Plan, adopted January 31, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). Crawford & Company Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). Crawford & Company 1996 Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated February 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). Crawford & Company Executive Stock Bonus Plan, as amended and restated March 1, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 5, 2009). Form of Restricted Share Unit Award under the Registrant’s Executive Stock Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Form of Performance Share Unit Award under the Registrant’s Executive Stock Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Crawford & Company U.K. ShareSave Scheme, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 8, 2013). Crawford & Company International Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 5, 2009). Crawford & Company 2007 Management Team Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on May 3, 2007). Terms of Restated Employment Agreement between Jeffrey T. Bowman and the Registrant, dated March 15, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012). Change of Control and Severance Agreement between Kevin B. Frawley and the Registrant, dated February 23, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2005). Terms of Employment Agreement between Allen W. Nelson and the Registrant, dated November 22, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 28, 2005). Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Jeffrey T. Bowman, dated August 7, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009). Terms of Employment Agreement between W. Bruce Swain, Jr. and the Registrant, dated August 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). Employment Agreement between David A. Isaac, The Garden City Group, Inc. and the Registrant, dated July 1, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 8, 2011). 10.23* Terms of Restated Employment Agreement between Phyllis R. Austin and the Registrant, dated January 13, 2014. 100 Exhibit No. Document 10.24* 10.25* 10.26* 10.27* 10.28* 10.29* 10.30* 10.31* 10.32 10.33 10.34 Terms of Employment Agreement between Danielle M. Lisenbey and the Registrant, dated March 26, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012). Terms of Employment Agreement between Brian J. Flynn and the Registrant, effective as of November 3, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Terms of Employment Agreement between W. Forrest Bell and the Registrant, effective as of November 20, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Terms of Employment Agreement between Michael Frank Reeves and Crawford-THG (UK) Limited, effective as of November 25, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Service Agreement between Ian Muress and Crawford & Company Adjusters (U.K.) Limited dated as of January 18, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10- K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Variation to Service Agreement between Ian Muress and Crawford & Company Adjusters (U.K.) Limited dated as of December 1, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Terms of Employment Agreement between Ian Muress and the Registrant dated as of April 12, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Performance Share Unit Award Agreement between Ian Muress and the Registrant dated as of March 24, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007). Amended and Restated Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of June 9, 2006 and effective as of June 12, 2006, between Registrant, Buckhead Trading & Investment Company, LLC, Richard Bowers & Co., Easlan Capital of Atlanta, Inc., and Calloway Title and Escrow, L.L.C. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 16, 2006). Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2006, between Registrant and Hewlett-Packard Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 1, 2006). Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2011, among Crawford & Company, Crawford & Company Risk Services Investments Limited, Crawford & Company (Canada) Inc. and Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd., as borrowers, the lenders party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Australian Security Trustee, and UK Security Trustee for the lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent, RBS Citizens, N.A., as Documentation Agent, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Lead Bookrunners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2011). 10.35 Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2011, by Crawford & Company and certain of Crawford & Company's subsidiaries in favor of Wells Fargo, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2011). 101 Exhibit No. Document 10.36 Guaranty Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2011, by Crawford & Company, certain of Crawford & Company's subsidiaries and Wells Fargo, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 10.37* 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41* 10.42* 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 101 December 12, 2011). Director Compensation Summary Term Sheet. First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2012, by and among Crawford & Company, Crawford & Company Risk Services Investments Limited, Crawford & Company (Canada) Inc., Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and a lender, and the other signatories party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of May 24, 2013, by and among Crawford & Company, Crawford & Company Risk Services Investments Limited, Crawford & Company (Canada) Inc., Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and a lender, and the other signatories party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013). Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2013, by and among Crawford & Company, Crawford & Company Risk Services Investments Limited, Crawford & Company (Canada) Inc., Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty. Ltd., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and a lender, and the other signatories party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2013). Terms of Employment Agreement between Emanuel V. Lauria and the Registrant, dated June 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). Terms of Employment Agreement between Vince E. Cole and the Registrant, dated June 4, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012). Subsidiaries of Crawford & Company. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-19(a). Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-19(a). Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 1350. Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 1350. XBRL Documents. _____________ * Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K. 102 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date February 26, 2014 CRAWFORD & COMPANY By /s/ Jeffrey T. Bowman JEFFREY T. BOWMAN, President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. NAME AND TITLE Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Jeffrey T. Bowman JEFFREY T. BOWMAN, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ W. Bruce Swain W. BRUCE SWAIN, Executive Vice President-Finance (Principal Financial Officer) Date February 26, 2014 /s/ W. Forrest Bell W. FORREST BELL, Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Harsha V. Agadi HARSHA V. AGADI, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ P. George Benson P. GEORGE BENSON, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Jesse C. Crawford JESSE C. CRAWFORD, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Roger A. S. Day ROGER A. S. DAY, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ James D. Edwards JAMES D. EDWARDS, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Russel L. Honoré RUSSEL L. HONORÉ, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Joia M. Johnson JOIA M. JOHNSON, Director Date February 26, 2014 /s/ Charles H. Ogburn CHARLES H. OGBURN, Director 103 Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit EXHIBIT INDEX 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Subsidiaries of Crawford & Company. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-19(a). Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-19(a). Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 1350. Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 1350. 104 SUBSIDIARIES * Subsidiary Crawford & Company International, Inc. Broadspire Services, Inc. The Garden City Group, Inc. Risk Sciences Group, Inc. Crawford & Company Adjusters Limited Crawford & Company Adjusters (UK) Limited Crawford & Company (Canada), Inc. Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty Limited Crawford & Company EMEA/A-P Holdings Limited Crawford & Company Financial Services Ltd. Exhibit 21.1 Jurisdiction in Which Organized Georgia Delaware Delaware Delaware England England Canada Australia United Kingdom Cayman Islands * Excludes subsidiaries which, if considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, would not constitute a significant subsidiary for the year ended December 31, 2013. Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-02051) pertaining to the Crawford & Company 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, (2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-24425) pertaining to the Crawford & Company 1997 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan, (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-24427) pertaining to the Crawford & Company 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, (4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-43740) pertaining to the Crawford & Company 1997 Key Employee Stock Option Plan, (5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-87465) pertaining to the Crawford & Company U.K. Sharesave Scheme, (6) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-125557) pertaining to the Crawford & Company Executive Stock Bonus Plan, (7) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-140310) pertaining to the Crawford & Company U.K. Sharesave Scheme, (8) Registration Statement (Form S-3/A No. 333-142569) pertaining to the registration of common stock, (9) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-157896) pertaining to the Crawford & Company 2007 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan, (10) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-161278) pertaining to the Crawford & Company International Employee Stock Purchase Plan, (11) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-161279) pertaining to the Crawford & Company Non-Employee Director Stock Plan, (12) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-161280) pertaining to the Crawford & Company Executive Stock Bonus Plan, (13) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-170344) pertaining to the Crawford & Company 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and (14) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-190373) pertaining to the Crawford & Company U.K. Sharesave Scheme; of our reports dated February 26, 2014, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Crawford & Company and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Crawford & Company included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2013. Atlanta, Georgia February 26, 2014 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP CERTIFICATION I, Jeffrey T. Bowman, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Crawford & Company; Exhibit 31.1 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the Registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 26, 2014 /s/ Jeffrey T. Bowman Jeffrey T. Bowman President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION Exhibit 31.2 I, W. Bruce Swain, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Crawford & Company; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the Registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 26, 2014 /s/ W. Bruce Swain W. Bruce Swain Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Crawford & Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jeffrey T. Bowman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 780(d)); and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 26, 2014 /s/ Jeffrey T. Bowman Jeffrey T. Bowman President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report of Crawford & Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2013 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, W. Bruce Swain, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 780(d)); and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 26, 2014 /s/ W. Bruce Swain W. Bruce Swain Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] As an independent, international leader of claims administration, business process outsourcing, and consulting solutions, Crawford & Company off ers a powerful portfolio of integrated global solutions that adds value and reduces the costs of claims administration. Please visit our online annual report at www.crawfordandcompany.com/AR/2013 or scan the QR code below with your smartphone or tablet. Transfer Agent Wells Fargo Shareowner Services P.O. Box 64854 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0854 1.800.468.9716 Internet Address www.crawfordandcompany.com Certifications In 2013, Crawford & Company’s chief executive officer (CEO) pro- vided to the New York Stock Exchange the annual CEO certification regarding Crawford’s compliance with the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance listing stand ards. In addition, Crawford’s CEO and chief financial officer filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Com mission all required certifications regarding the quality of Crawford’s public disclosures in its fiscal 2013 reports. Forward-Looking Statements This report contains forward-looking statements, including state- ments about the future financial condition, results of operations and earnings outlook of Crawford & Company. Statements, both qualita- tive and quantitative, that are not statements of historical fact may be “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws. Forward- looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experi- ence or Crawford & Company’s present expectations. Accordingly, no one should place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. Crawford & Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that may arise or not arise after the date the forward-looking statements are made. For further information regarding Crawford & Company, and the risks and uncertainties involved in forward-looking statements, please read Crawford & Company’s reports filed with the SEC and available at www.sec.gov or in the Investor Relations section of Crawford & Company’s website at www.crawfordandcompany.com. Corporate Information Corporate Headquarters 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, Georgia 30319 404.300.1000 Inquiries Individuals seeking financial data should contact: W. Bruce Swain Investor Relations Chief Financial Officer 404.300.1051 Form 10-K A copy of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is available without charge upon request to: Corporate Secretary Crawford & Company 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, Georgia 30319 404.300.1021 Our Form 10-K is also available online at either www.sec.gov or in the Investor Relations section at www.crawfordandcompany.com Annual Meeting The Annual Meeting of shareholders will be held at 2:00 p.m. on May 8, 2014, at the corporate headquarters of Crawford & Company 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, Georgia 30319 404.300.1000 Company Stock Shares of the Company’s two classes of common stock are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CRDA and CRDB, respectively. The Company’s two classes of stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting rights and the Company’s ability to pay greater cash dividends on the non-voting Class A Common Stock than on the voting Class B Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. In addition, with respect to mergers or similar transactions, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive the same type and amount of consideration as holders of Class B Common Stock, unless different consideration is approved by the holders of 75% of the Class A Common Stock, voting as a class. Annual Report Design by Curran & Connors, Inc. / www.curran-connors.com Crawford & Company 1001 Summit Boulevard Atlanta, GA 30319 An equal opportunity employer ACROSS BORDERS. ACROSS BUSINESSES. Integrated Global Solutions. Crawford & Company’s 2013 Form 10-K C R A W F O R D & C O M P A N Y 2 0 1 3 F O R M 1 0 - K Scan the QR code to learn more or go to www.crawfordandcompany.com Company Profi le Based in Atlanta, GA, Crawford & Company (www.crawfordandcompany.com) is the world’s largest independent provider of claims management solutions to the risk management and insurance industry as well as self-insured entities, with an expansive global network serving clients in more than 70 countries. The Crawford SolutionSM offers comprehensive, integrated claims services, business process outsourcing and consulting services for major product lines including property and casualty claims management, workers compensation claims and medical management, and legal settlement administration. The Company’s shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CRDA and CRDB. 

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