Quarterlytics / Healthcare / Medical - Care Facilities / Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

ccrn · NASDAQ Healthcare
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Ticker ccrn
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Healthcare
Industry Medical - Care Facilities
Employees 9605
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FY2021 Annual Report · Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.
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2 0 2 1   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

L E A D E R S H I P
I N N O V A T I O N
A C C O U N TA B I L I T Y

ONE CROSS COUNTRY

Dear Shareholders:

2021 proved that Cross Country Healthcare is a stronger and healthier company, capable of delivering a 
record number of clinicians and professionals to meet the diverse and growing needs of our clients. When 
I returned in 2019 to lead the company that I co-founded in 1986, I had two important goals in mind: to turn 
the company around to deliver sustainable, profitable growth and digitally transform the entire organization. 
With an unwavering commitment from the entire company, we have delivered on those goals, and we 
are on a positive trajectory to deliver long-term sustainable performance. Since 2019, we have more 
than doubled the company’s revenue on an organic basis, and we significantly exceeded our 8% adjusted  
EBITDA target more than a year earlier than our goal. In 2021, revenue improved sequentially every quarter 
with all lines of business growing, and our digital investments are continuing to yield terrific results. 

Our  team  of  exceptional  leaders  is  driven  and  passionate  about  our  mission,  and  it  is  exciting  to  know  
that  Cross  Country  Healthcare  will  continue  being  led  by  just  such  a  leader.  With  the  oversight  and  
participation  of  our  board  of  directors,  we  developed  a  thoughtful  succession  planning  strategy  to 
identify  an  individual  capable  of  ensuring  we  maintain  our  innovative  market  leadership  position.  As  we  
announced  earlier  this  year,  effective  April  1,  2022,  John  A.  Martins  will  become  our  next  CEO  and  
newest  board  member,  and  I  will  transition  to  chairman  of  the  board,  continuing  to  be  actively  engaged 
from  a  strategic  and  business  development  perspective.  Having  partnered  with  John  for  nine  years,  
most  recently  at  Cross  Country  Healthcare,  we  share  the  same  bold  vision  for  the  company  to  become  
the  leading  workforce  solutions  and  tech-enabled  staffing  and  advisory  firm  in  the  healthcare  and  
education segments. 

In  partnership  with  our  board  of  directors,  executive  leadership  and  management  teams,  we  are  
committed  to  executing  our  strategic  roadmap  and  advancing  our  digital  strategy  of  enabling  job  
seekers  to  more  simply  and  easily  find  the  right  next  job  through  real-time,  frictionless  experiences  on  
their  terms,  as  well  as  helping  clients  continue  to  solve  their  most  challenging  people  needs  through  
insights,  advice  and  creative  solutions.  Whenever  talent  meets  technology,  Cross  Country  
Healthcare will be at the crossroads, innovating in this rapidly changing world.

GROWING MARKET SHARE: 
FRESH THINKING & INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

COVID-19  has  certainly  changed  the  way  our  clients  approach  workforce  strategies  and  staffing  
models.  Cross  Country  Healthcare  recognized  that  innovative  and  creative  solutions  were  required 
to  effectively  meet  their  needs.  From  leveraging  the  power  of  our  business  intelligence  platform 
for  comprehensive  market  insights,  to  deploying  artificial  intelligence  to  mine  our  extensive 
database of clinicians and professionals, we have successfully delivered meaningful, performance-
driven outcomes for our clients.  By  investing  in  our  delivery  capabilities  with  additional  resources  and  
leading  technologies,  we  significantly  grew  the  number  of  travelers  on  assignment  in  our  core  travel  
divisions,  Cross  Country  Nurses  and  Cross  Country  Allied.  As  a  result,  healthcare  systems  increasingly 
turned  to  Cross  Country  Healthcare  as  their  trusted  partner  and  adviser  to  fill  thousands  of  open  jobs  
across all specialties inclusive of caring for COVID-19 patients. 

Throughout  the  pandemic,  we  have  led  the  way  with  our  holistic  workforce  solutions  approach  and 
commitment  to  doing  the  right  thing.  Cross  Country  Healthcare  continues  to  value  transparency,  
ethical  standards  and  a  commitment  to  work  with  our  clients.  The  Company  provides  real-time  data  and 
insights  so  that  our  clients  can  determine  what  rates  are  appropriate  for  their  unique  circumstances.  
I am confident our support will be remembered by our clients long after the pandemic is over.

Despite  the  challenges  of  not  getting  in  front  of  many  of  our  clients  in  person  during  COVID-19  surges 
throughout the year, I am humbled by the tenacity of our sales and account management teams to identify 
and  generate  more  new  customer  contracts  than  any  year  in  our  history,  expanding  our  client  footprint. 
They  skillfully  navigated  scarcity  of  supply,  added  partnerships  to  assist  clients  with  special  needs,  and 
provided non-clinical and unparalleled advisory services to clients in distress. This team has cultivated long-
term relationships through trust, hard work, and being consultative partners, positioning Cross Country to 
continually grow market share in 2022.

Another key element of our strategic plan is to support our diverse client base across the full continuum 
of healthcare. Capitalizing on the strength of our balance sheet, we successfully expanded our capabilities 
portfolio by consummating two acquisitions in 2021. Specifically, our acquisition of Workforce Solutions Group 
(WSG), the nationwide leader in providing clinicians to caregivers for elders in PACE programs, significantly 
expands our capability to follow the patient into the home. Through WSG, we are creating greater health 
equity in the communities we serve by providing clinicians, caregivers and other essential workers 
to low-income individuals.

THE NEW CROSS COUNTRY: 
REIMAGINING TALENT DELIVERY 

In 2021, we continued to make bold decisions, positioning the company to deliver best-in-class services for our 
clients and healthcare and education professionals. We spent much of the year rethinking and optimizing our 
processes and cultivating top industry-experienced management and key personnel (including hundreds of 
new revenue-producing employees) to scale our delivery, account management, onboarding, credentialing, 
and sales organization. 

We  accelerated  our  digital  transformation  goals  by  developing,  enhancing  and  implementing 
simplified, intuitive talent platforms with automated services to create frictionless, more satisfying 
candidate journeys in an integrated, tech-enabled ecosystem. Today, we have a market leading suite 
of offerings that includes next-generation recruitment nurturing tools, real-time market and data analytics, 
user-friendly,  intuitive  mobile  applications,  self-service  capabilities,  sophisticated  targeting  technology, 
high-engagement social media channels, and leading-edge business intelligence. Additionally, through an 
acquisition in late 2021, we added an important SaaS-based recruitment platform for education professionals, 
as schools face unprecedented shortages of teachers and other talent.  

These  advancements  and  additions  have  helped  us  deliver  exceptional  results  for  thousands  of  clients, 
amidst  the  backdrop  of  unprecedented  COVID-19  related  demand.  We  have  fundamentally  changed  and 
established a new, accelerated process to fill all open positions across a wide range of specialties – many of 
which are not directly related to COVID-19. These enhancements have helped us manage through pandemic 
surges  and  further  enhanced  our  efficiency  and  employee  productivity,  adding  leverage  to  our  business, 
and we expect them to continue to elevate our performance far beyond the eventual slowdown of COVID-19 
demand. Looking ahead, we are doubling down on our digital transformation with a significant increase in 
our IT and product development effort. We employ over 300 developers and IT professionals in the U.S. and 
in our India location to both build and support our products and services. We will continue to be strategic and 
opportunistic through our build, license or buy IT strategy.

2 021 ANNUAL REPORT

The  depth  of  our  bench  has  never  been  stronger,  and  in  2021  we  hired  more  than  1,000  new  corporate 
employees  –  the  majority  of  whom  are  revenue  producers  to  drive  top-line  growth.  We  were  able  to 
successfully attract and onboard so many talented professionals due to Cross Country Healthcare’s well-
recognized  brand,  reputation  and  positive  culture.  We  take  great  pride  in  the  fact  that  our  culture 
supports change, and embraces diversity and inclusion for all, as well as a commitment to giving 
back to the communities we serve. In 2021, we continued to achieve an ISS Quality Score Highest Ranked 
“1” on governance, and we worked diligently to improve our social and environmental scores. We raised our 
social score from 10 to an ISS Quality Score Highest Ranked 1, and increased our environmental score from a 
7 to an ISS Quality Score Highest Ranked 2, which will help us achieve sustainable, profitable growth.

35TH ANNIVERSARY: 
A PROUD LEGACY

2021  marked  a  historically  significant  and  memorable  year,  as  we 
celebrated our 35-year anniversary of being in business and 25 years 
as a publicly traded company. With the backdrop of an unprecedented 
global pandemic, we made significant strides to grow our business and 
reach  many  new  milestones,  including  staffing  the  greatest  number 
of professionals on temporary assignments in our history, as well as 
deploying new technologies that we believe will deliver sustainable 
performance for the foreseeable future.  

Looking  ahead,  I  am  excited  about  the  prospects  for  the  company, 
given  our  strong  financial  track  record,  our  deep  understanding  of 
technology,  the  strength  of  our  brand  and  35  years  of  experience 
and  accomplishment  in  the  industry.  As  our  country  recovers  from 
this pandemic, Cross Country Healthcare is emerging as a more 
dynamic and agile competitor, with a world-class leadership team and innovative digital footprint. 
I  am  personally  excited  about  my  role  as  non-executive  chairman  partnering  with  our  incoming  CEO  to 
continue to drive shareholder value. 

I am so proud of the executive leadership team and all our associates throughout the United States and India 
for their innovation, commitment to our core values, relentless passion for delivering the highest quality care 
possible and producing great financial results for shareholders – all with the utmost integrity.

Finally, I would like to thank our board of directors for their unwavering support of the company’s turnaround 
and their encouragement to make bold decisions and take bold actions to deliver the results we achieved 
in 2021. I will be forever privileged to have had a second journey as CEO and, with the support of the entire 
Cross Country Healthcare team, to return it to its rightful place as the trusted market leader.  

Sincerely,

Kevin C. Clark
Co-founder and CEO

LEADER SH IP. I NN OVATI ON . ACCOUNTA BILIT Y.  ONE  CR OSS C OUNT RY.

Form 10-K

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
__________________

FORM 10-K

☑

☐

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 
OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021

or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 
ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number 0-33169

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

13-4066229
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6551 Park of Commerce Boulevard, N.W.
Boca Raton, Florida 33487
(Address of principal executive offices, zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (561) 998-2232

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

Trading symbol
CCRN

Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the act: None

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ 
No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ 
No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to 
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every 
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” 
“smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Large accelerated filer ☐ 
Accelerated filer ☑ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐	

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period 
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the 
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑  

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of Common 
Stock on June 30, 2021 of $16.51 as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, was $596,535,671. This calculation does not 
reflect a determination that persons are affiliated for any other purpose.

As of February 15, 2022, 38,063,099 shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement, for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which statement will be 
filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report, are incorporated 
by reference into Part III hereof.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

PART II

Item 5.

Item 6.

Item 7.

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

Reserved

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8.

Item 9.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B.

Other Information

Item 9C.

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Item 16.

Form 10-K Summary

SIGNATURES

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All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” "the Company," or “Cross Country” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K means Cross 
Country Healthcare, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Website addresses referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are provided for convenience only, and the content on the 
referenced websites does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 
 
 
 
 
[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 
 
 
Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements relating to our future results 
(including certain projections and business trends) that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of 
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange 
Act), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. 
Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “estimates”, “suggests”, “appears”, “seeks”, “will”, 
"could", and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These 
statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results and performance 
to be materially different from any future results or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. 
Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Item 1A - Risk 
Factors,” and the other documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Although we believe that these statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, we cannot guarantee future results and 
readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions 
only as of the date of this filing. There can be no assurance that (i) we have correctly measured or identified all of the factors 
affecting our business or the extent of these factors’ likely impact; (ii) the available information with respect to these factors on 
which such analysis is based is complete or accurate; (iii) such analysis is correct; or (iv) our strategy, which is based in part on 
this analysis, will be successful. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements.

Item 1.             Business.

Overview of Our Company

PART I

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (Nasdaq: CCRN) is a market leading workforce solutions tech-enabled staffing, recruitment, 
and advisory firm that has 35 years of industry experience and insight. We solve complex labor-related challenges for 
customers while providing high-quality outcomes and exceptional patient care. As a multi-year Best of Staffing® award winner, 
we are committed to an exceptionally high level of service to both our clients and our healthcare professionals. Our Company 
was the first publicly traded staffing firm to obtain The Joint Commission Certification, which we still hold with a Letter of 
Distinction. In 2021, we were listed as one of the top four staffing and recruiting employers for women by InHerSights and 
earned Energage's inaugural 2021 Top Workplaces USA award. We were also CertifiedTM by Great Place to Work®. We have a 
longstanding history of investing in diversity, equality, and inclusion as a key component of the organization’s overall corporate 
social responsibility program which is closely aligned with its core values to create a better future for its people, communities, 
the planet, and its stockholders.

Leveraging national and in-market staffing teams, we place highly qualified healthcare professionals in virtually every specialty 
on travel and per diem assignments, local short-term contracts, and permanent positions. We also place teachers, substitute 
teachers, and other education specialties at educational facilities. Our diverse customer base includes both public and private 
acute care and non-acute care hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulatory care facilities, single and multi-specialty physician 
practices, rehabilitation facilities, Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) programs, urgent care centers, local 
and national healthcare systems, managed care providers, public and charter schools, correctional facilities, government 
facilities, pharmacies, and many other healthcare providers. By utilizing the solutions we offer, customers are able to better plan 
their personnel needs, optimize their talent acquisition and management processes, strategically flex and balance their 
workforce, have access quality healthcare personnel, and provide continuity of care for improved patient outcomes. We believe 
that our national footprint provides a unique value proposition, as we are able to engage with a broader pool of talent and offer 
customers a more consultative approach relying on our understanding of the local markets they serve.

The healthcare staffing industry continues to evolve, with both healthcare providers and professionals demanding speed and 
placing heavier reliance on technology for fulfillment and delivery activities. According to the AKASA 2021 Annual Report on 
Automation, more than 66% of health systems and hospitals currently use automation tools for revenue cycle operations.

Recognizing this trend, we are continuing on a path of digital transformation and innovation across our business with 
continuous investments in expanding our technology capabilities both on the candidate engagement and customer facing fronts. 
Areas of investment include recruitment and candidate nurturing tools, market analytics, a subscription platform, mobile 
applications and self-serve capabilities, programmatic advertising, social media, and other technology. These investments 
enhance our recruiting capabilities and allow us to quickly respond to demand across a wide range of specialties.

1

 
 
 
 
In 2021, we successfully enhanced our applicant tracking system (ATS) for our travel business and upgraded Cross Country 
Marketplace, our proprietary on-demand staffing platform, which is a one-stop, self-service portal for healthcare professionals 
that has greatly improved the candidate experience and lead generation. The ATS has continued to improve the efficiency and 
candidate conversion ratios and is just one component of our larger technology ecosystem that will drive greater productivity as 
well as growth in both revenue and profitability. In 2022, we intend to continue enhancing and further deploying our ATS. We 
are also continuing to build out a complete self-service portal that candidates can use across the entire engagement life cycle. In 
addition, in December 2021, we acquired the assets of Selected, Inc., our first subscription model which allows educators to 
review candidate profiles and self-select candidates for permanent job opportunities. We believe this model can be applied 
across the enterprise to offer clients another way to hire permanent staff.

We have executed multiple initiatives to enhance our position as a leading, consultative, and strategic partner in the healthcare 
industry. Some of our key focus areas included personalizing the candidate experience, delivering a superior customer 
experience, infusing technology-enablement to drive efficiencies and increased productivity, and continuing our commitment to 
clinical excellence. As part of our growth strategy, we continue to optimize technologies by upgrading and integrating our 
middle and back-office platforms, and bringing our IT infrastructure and business processes onto a single cohesive platform. 
We expect these initiatives to drive growth through better operational execution, enhanced productivity, and a world-class client 
and candidate experience. In 2021, and with more than 35 registered clinicians on our corporate staff, we established a Clinical 
Quality Council which serves as an advisory committee to our entire organization and our clients.

One of our goals is also to continue to grow shareholder value by continuing to deepen our relationship with current customers 
and healthcare professionals, expanding the number and types of new customers we serve, growing the supply and types of 
specialties of our healthcare professionals, improving our operating leverage through growth and cost containment, and 
strengthening and broadening our market presence. This will require our continued focus on: (i) providing our workforce 
solutions offerings to new customers; (ii) expanding the services we provide to our current customers; (iii) further diversifying 
our customer base; (iv) improving our capture rate for current managed service programs (defined below) customers; (v) 
accessing more candidates; and (vi) continuing to modernize our technologies and processes to optimize our relationships with 
our healthcare professionals and customers.

To successfully execute our business strategy, we rely on our experienced and innovative executive and operational teams. Our 
executive team has extensive experience in the staffing, workforce solutions, technology services, and healthcare industries. We 
also foster a culture of performance, talented leadership, and collegiality that promotes the achievement of both company and 
personal goals. In both 2020 and 2021, the Company's Co-Founder & Chief Executive Officer was named to the Staffing 
Industry Analysts’ Staffing 100 List of the most notable leaders in the industry. Two other executives were included on Staffing 
Industry Analysts’ 2021 Global Power 150 - Women in Staffing List that recognizes the 100 most influential women in the 
Americas and 50 additional women internationally. One of those executives was also included in 2020 and 2019. We also have 
a female leader that became the first locum tenens director elected to the National Association Medical Staff Services Board of 
Directors. In addition, the Company's Chief Clinical Officer joined the Joint Commission’s Healthcare Staffing Advisory 
Council, a newly formed committee of staffing experts to help evaluate healthcare organizations.

COVID and Our Business

The COVID pandemic has continued to challenge the nation and our industry, and has highlighted the need to continue to 
innovate, improve our processes, and expand our services to meet the needs of our patients, employees, and our clients. We are 
more nimble and operationally efficient than we have ever been in the history of the Company through improved diversity that 
fosters more ideas, enhanced communications and connections, and in many other ways. A healthcare workforce shortage has 
been compounded by the current economy and the variants of COVID that have plagued the country for the past several 
months, but we were able to successfully hire more than one thousand corporate employees in 2021 due to our positive 
reputation, strong culture, and improved financial performance. We believe that if we take care of our people and our 
communities, the rest will follow, and this has resonated with both employees and clients. This mindset was a critical 
component that has helped us navigate through the pandemic.

The pandemic has continued to reinforce our value proposition in the market for offering a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective 
means for delivering critical care to millions of Americans across thousands of facilities. It has also caused us to rely on our 
foundational values of integrity, respect, transparency and fairness to ensure we are helping our clients at a time they need us 
most.  We believe this will allow us to deliver the best long-term value to clients, candidates, and stockholders. Ensuring the 
health and safety of our employees has been paramount. While operating primarily through a remote workforce, our offices are 
open with stringent safety guidelines and procedures in place, including allowing only vaccinated employees on-site, social 

2

distancing, and enhanced cleaning at all of our locations. Business travel, including visits to our healthcare clients, continues to 
be somewhat limited as some clients are continuing to cope with the pandemic twenty-four hours a day/seven days a week; 
however, our sales team is traveling to clients that are currently seeing some relief.

Throughout the pandemic, we have continued to partner with our clients to deliver flexible solutions aimed at solving their 
immediate and long-term challenges. We provide data, industry insights, marketing analytics, and consulting services to assist 
clients in determining the appropriate rates necessary to attract the supply they need. Relying on our foundational values of 
integrity, respect, transparency and fairness, we are helping our clients at a time they need us most.  We believe this will allow 
us to deliver the best long-term value to clients, candidates, and stockholders. As part of our COVID response, our cross-
functional team ensures rapid response to our customers’ needs and deploys a set of pricing guidelines to ensure we deliver 
services at what we believe are competitive rates. As a result, we successfully staffed thousands of highly-qualified 
professionals on COVID response assignments again in 2021. Despite the inherent burn-out in the nursing profession, the 
politics, and varying governmental regulations, our healthcare professionals exemplify compassion and dedication while 
continuing to care for COVID and other patients on the front lines every day, often times at personal risk.

The pandemic has significantly exacerbated labor shortages in the country, and the dynamics drove a significant increase in the 
compensation costs for healthcare professionals. Our company has taken steps to absorb as much of the increased cost as 
possible, while still being responsible to our stockholders. In our capacity as a national staffing company, we do not dictate bill 
rates, nor set the pay rates for professionals. We evaluate the market conditions and advise our clients on what we believe to be 
the necessary bill rate that ensures they will have the vital clinicians needed to deliver the highest quality of care to the millions 
of patients they treat each year. Nurses especially have seen the highest rise in their compensation during the pandemic, which 
has been fueled by heightened demand across most specialties as health systems struggle to maintain adequate core staff levels 
for a variety of reasons. Though we certainly can’t predict how or when rates will moderate, the talent shortage is likely to 
persist, and depending on demand both bill and pay rates are likely to remain elevated in the short-term. Regardless of how 
rates evolve, we are committed to continue growing our base of clinicians on assignment and growing our market share.

We believe there are five lessons we must keep top of mind as we face another wave of COVID surge cases: (i) Embrace 
science and show compassion for others. We must embrace the science, but we must also embrace one another and understand 
all viewpoints. (ii) Innovate, adapt, and provide value. We need to integrate innovation into everyday practices to meet the 
increasing demand for care, such as telemedicine. (iii) Acknowledge the mental health impact. We need to acknowledge the 
very real and lasting mental health difficulties brought on by this pandemic and provide thoughtful support to our doctors, 
nurses and other healthcare professionals during these difficult times. (iv) Support care across state lines. A mobile workforce 
can also aid clinician burnout and fill gaps in care. The pandemic further highlighted the need for national licensure so 
clinicians can cross state lines to provide care in areas of greater demand. (v) Remain transparent and practice with integrity. 
Ethical practice is a key component to running a business with integrity, and we know that we are doing the right thing for our 
customers and the patients they serve.

Corporate Social Responsibility

The Company believes in the impact of corporate sustainability and the responsible use of resources in consideration of future 
generations. Our Board of Directors has direct oversight of ESG matters, which include health, safety, social, and 
environmental issues, and is regularly briefed by senior management on these subjects. 

Our goal is to provide work conditions that enable employees to thrive in an environment that is healthy and reduces hazards 
and health and safety issues, as well as raising awareness on health and safety risks related to our business activities. As part of 
our health and safety program, we partner with employees to help them achieve both their physical and mental welfare by 
providing education on health topics, facilitating complementary health screenings, and offering resources that include a 
confidential support line. We foster a sound, respectful, fair, and inclusive workplace. Our culture is also infused with a growth 
mindset that encourages employee internal progression and retention through an array of learning and coaching resources.  
Employees are also held to the ethics standards set forth in our Code of Ethics policies, which also apply to vendors and 
suppliers.

Our goal is also to provide a clean, safe, and healthy workplace for our employees and to help preserve the environment of the 
communities we serve by monitoring and mitigating any undesired effect of our business activities on the environment. For 
many years, the Company has been committed to supporting our communities through several charities as well. We remain a 
loyal supporter of the American Red Cross, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Random 
Acts of Flowers, Palm Beach Country School Board, and Spirit of Giving Holiday Gift Drive, among others.

3

 Services

Increasingly, we are called upon by our customers to provide creative and innovative talent sourcing strategies across a 
continuum of care. Over the past several years, our workforce solutions have evolved into a total talent management approach 
as our customers focus on maintaining high-quality patient outcomes, while improving their total labor management to address 
complex financial, compliance, and other challenges in the healthcare industry. As part of the evolution of our services, we 
consider the following: (i) solving the immediate and future needs of our customers and expanding our relationships with them; 
(ii) enhancing our network of healthcare professionals by improving their experience, and deepening our relationship with 
them; (iii) expanding our service offerings to reduce sensitivity to economic cycles; (iv) expanding our expertise with various 
healthcare solutions in various geographic areas of the U.S.; (v) continuing to diversify our customer base to enhance our long-
term business prospects; and (vi) enhancing and expanding our technology capabilities to deliver efficient and automated 
services to our customer healthcare facilities. Today, our workforce solutions include:

•

•

•

•

•

Managed Service Programs (MSPs). As healthcare providers continue to adopt centralized, outsourced 
models for managing contingent labor for both clinical and non-clinical needs, we offer an MSP in which we 
manage all or a portion of the customer’s staffing needs. This includes both the placement of our own 
healthcare professionals and the utilization of other staffing agencies to fulfill the customer’s staffing needs. 
We have been a market leader in this area since launching our first MSP in 2003, and over the years, we have 
grown our relationships and matured the generational models of MSPs. Today, we service more than 80 
customers across more than 700 facilities, with estimated spend under management of approximately $1.1 
billion annually. The benefits to our customers include cost optimization, increased certainty of supply, and 
visibility into their labor needs and usage, as well as market insight from our industry expertise on a broad 
range of topics. 
Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO). Through our RPO services, we offer our customers targeted 
recruitment solutions designed to increase core staff while reducing dependency on contract labor. Our RPO 
program provides support to replace or complement a customer’s existing internal recruitment functions for 
permanent hiring needs, and is delivered to healthcare organizations throughout the country and serves to 
provide creative, cost and operationally efficient hiring support and labor optimization, which leads to 
improvements in quality of care.
Project Management. Periodically, our clients have urgent needs that fall outside the scope of an MSP 
arrangement and require a more focused effort to place staff within a very short window.  For example, as 
healthcare systems continue to upgrade their electronic medical records or encounter a labor disruption, we 
can provide comprehensive project management, a deployment of a full staffing plan, and ultimately an 
organized volume of quality healthcare professionals during the process so that our customers may continue 
to deliver quality care.
Retained and Contingent Search. Similar to RPO, we seek to identify and place candidates in full-time 
roles with our clients, across clinical and executive or administrative functions. These services are offered for 
specific roles and depending on the client’s needs will be contracted either on a retainer basis, with 
guaranteed fees or a contingent basis, which has a success fee once the placement has occurred.
Other Services. Though not a material part of our business, we offer clients other value-added services such 
as Internal Resource Pool Consulting & Development (IRP), and Optimal Workforce Solutions (OWS).  
These services seek to augment our client’s capabilities with managing, supplementing and outsourcing 
aspects of their internal processes of managing their workforce.

In 2021, we modified our disclosures of reportable segments to better align with our management structure and to reflect how 
the operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. As a result, our business now consists of two 
business segments: Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing, and the results of the previously-reported Search segment 
have been consolidated within Nurse and Allied Staffing. For additional information concerning our business segments, see 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Segment Results. Through our 
business segments, we provide our healthcare customers with a wide range of solutions as described above and staffing services 
as set forth below.

4

 
(1) Nursing and Allied Staffing. The Nurse and Allied Staffing segment provides workforce solutions and traditional 

staffing, recruiting, and value-added total talent solutions, including temporary and permanent placement of travel and 
local nurse and allied professionals, managed services programs (MSP) services, education healthcare services, in-
home care services, and outsourcing services. We also serve as a direct-hire talent acquisition partner to healthcare 
organizations and academic institutions throughout the nation providing a full suite of prescriptive talent management 
solutions, including flexible talent delivery models such as retained, outsourced, and contingent. Our Nurse and Allied 
Staffing revenue and contribution income is set forth in Note 18 - Segment Data to the consolidated financial 
statements.

A majority of our revenue is generated from staffing registered nurses on long-term travel contract assignments 
(typically, 13 weeks in length) at hospitals and health systems. Additionally, we staff registered nurses, licensed 
practical nurses, certified nurse assistants, advanced practitioners, pharmacists, and more than 100 specialties of allied 
professionals on local per diem and short-term assignments in a variety of clinical and non-clinical settings. We also 
provide clinical and non-clinical professionals on long-term assignments to clients such as public and private acute-
care and non-acute care hospitals, government facilities, public schools and charter schools, outpatient clinics, 
ambulatory care facilities, physician practice groups, local and national healthcare plans, managed care providers, 
correctional facilities, and many other healthcare providers. In June 2021, we entered into an asset purchase agreement 
with Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. (WSG), which allows us to deliver critical support to some of the neediest 
populations by delivering professionals to the home.

(2) Physician Staffing. Our Physician Staffing segment provides licensed practitioners across a broad array of specialties, 
as well as certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) 
under our Cross Country Locums® brand on temporary assignments throughout the United States. The diverse list of 
clients we serve include healthcare facilities, such as acute and non-acute care facilities, medical group practices, 
government facilities, and managed care organizations. We recruit these professionals nationally and place them on 
assignments varying in length from several days up to one year. Our Physician Staffing revenue and contribution 
income is set forth in Note 18 - Segment Data to the consolidated financial statements.

Our Business Model

The recruitment and retention of a sufficient number of qualified healthcare professionals to work temporary assignments on 
our behalf is critical to the success of our business. Healthcare professionals choose temporary assignments for a variety of 
reasons that include seeking flexible work opportunities, seeking higher compensation, exploring diverse practice settings, 
building skills and experience by working at prestigious healthcare facilities, working through life and career transitions, and as 
a means of access into a permanent staff position all while practicing in the most appreciated and highly altruistic trade.

(1) Our Healthcare Professionals. Our company is well positioned to attract candidates, as clinical professionals 

routinely seek a wide range of diverse assignments in attractive locations, with competitive compensation and benefit 
packages, scheduling options, as well as a high level of service. In addition, we believe nurses and allied professionals 
are confident we will be able to offer them new assignments as they complete their current assignment. Each of our 
nurse and allied healthcare professionals is employed by us and is typically paid hourly wages and any other benefits 
they are entitled to receive during the assignment period. In addition, our competitive benefits generally include 
professional liability insurance, a 401(k) plan, health insurance, reimbursed travel, per diem allowances, and housing. 
In response to COVID, our Company frequently offers qualified healthcare professionals compensation during 
quarantine when they have tested positive for the virus.

Recruiters are an essential element of our Nurse and Allied Staffing business, and are responsible for establishing and 
maintaining key relationships with candidates for the duration of their assignments. Leveraging our database of 
clinicians and artificial intelligence, recruiters match the supply of qualified candidates with the demand for open 
orders from our customers. While word-of-mouth and referrals, especially from current and former healthcare 
professionals we have placed, continue as our leading channel of access to candidates, we also market our brands 
through strategic sourcing initiatives including programmatic strategic sourcing and extensive utilization of social 
media and mobile applications, which has become an increasingly important component of our recruitment efforts. In 
addition to maintaining engaging and intuitive websites to allow potential applicants to obtain information about our 
Company and assignment opportunities, in 2020, we launched Cross Country Marketplace, our proprietary on-demand 
staffing platform, as a one-stop, self-service portal to support the candidates throughout their experience with Cross 
Country, and are continuing to build out as a complete self-service portal that candidates can use across the entire 
engagement life cycle. In 2020, we also implemented our applicant tracking system for our travel business, which is 
designed to modernize the way our delivery teams operate while improving the experience of our candidates, with 

5

further deployments scheduled during the coming year. In 2021, we acquired Selected, an innovative subscription-
based platform that allows educational centers to review thousands of screened candidates for direct hire.

Cross Country Locums recruits and contracts with physicians and advanced practice professionals to provide medical 
services for its healthcare customers. Physician or advanced practice professionals are independent contractors and 
enter into agreements with Cross Country Locums to provide medical services at a particular healthcare facility or 
physician practice group based on terms and conditions specified by that customer, for assignments ranging from a few 
days up to a year. California is the only state to mandate that Advanced Practitioners be treated as a W-2 employee. 
We believe physicians are attracted to us because we offer a wide variety of assignments, competitive fees, medical 
malpractice insurance, and a high level of service.

(2) Sales and Marketing. We take an enterprise sales approach in marketing our full capabilities across the continuum of 
care to hospitals, healthcare facilities, schools, and other organizations across the United States addressing total talent 
management needs. We provide flexible workforce solutions to the healthcare and school markets customizing 
delivery of diversified offerings meeting the specific needs of each customer.

Our traditional staffing channels include temporary and permanent placement of travel nurses and allied professionals, 
local nurses and allied staffing, advanced practitioners, physicians, and substitute teachers through the delivery brands 
including Cross Country Nurses®, Cross Country Allied®, Cross Country Medical Staffing Network®, Cross Country 
Search®, Cross Country Workforce Solutions Group®, and Cross Country Education®. Our recruiters leverage the 
Company’s extensive databases of clinicians and healthcare professionals, as well as their expertise in their given 
specialties, to qualify and place candidates. 

(3) Credentialing and Quality Management. We screen all of our candidates prior to placement through our 

credentialing departments. Our credentialing processes are designed to ensure that our professionals have the requisite 
skillsets required by our customers, as well as the aptitude to meet the day-to-day requirements and challenges they 
would typically encounter on assignments where they are placed. The credentialing of our nurse and allied healthcare 
professionals is designed to align with the guidelines of The Joint Commission, a national accrediting body, to ensure 
quality care. Our Cross Country University division, accredited by the American Nurse Credentialing Center, offers 
training, assessment, and professional development to further ensure the quality of the personnel we place on 
assignment. Our physician credentialing entity, Credent, is also certified by the National Committee for Quality 
Assurance (NCQA).

(4) Payment for Services. We negotiate payment for services with our customers based on market conditions and needs. 
We generally bill our nurse and allied employees at an hourly rate which includes all employer costs, including 
payroll, withholding taxes, benefits, professional liability insurance, meals and incidentals, and other requirements, as 
well as any travel and housing arrangements, where applicable. Our shared service center processes hours worked by 
field employees in the time and attendance systems, which in turn generate the billable transactions to our customers. 
Hours worked by independent contractor physicians are reported to our Cross Country Locums office. Billing for other 
services such as RPO, Search, or Project Management vary depending on the contract, but typically are invoiced upon 
the success of achieving agreed upon milestones or completion of specific deliverables, such as the placement of a 
candidate. On occasion we are able to bill for the reimbursement of certain expenses incurred, such candidate 
marketing costs or set-up fees incurred for certain projects such as travel costs for internal staff. 

(5) Operations. Our businesses are operated through a relatively centralized business model servicing all assignment 

needs of our healthcare professional employees, physicians, and customer healthcare facilities primarily through 
operation centers located in Boca Raton, Florida; Woodland Hills, California; Lake Forest, California; and Berkeley 
Lake, Georgia. In addition to the key sales and recruitment activities, certain of these centers also perform support 
activities such as coordinating housing, payroll processing, benefits administration, billing and collections, travel 
reimbursement processing, customer service, and risk management.

(6) Information Systems. Various information systems are utilized to run our customer relationship management, 

recruitment, and placement functions based on our different brands. Some of these sophisticated applications are 
proprietary and are hosted in Tier 1 hosting facilities while other systems are Software as a Service (SaaS) based and 
hosted by our vendor partners. Our systems maintain detailed information about our customer required skillsets and 
status which assist us in enabling fulfillment and assignment renewals. Our databases contain an extensive pool of 
existing and potential customers and all related recruitment and sales activity. Our financial and human resource 
systems are managed on leading enterprise resource planning software suites that manage certain aspects of accounts 
payable, accounts receivable, general ledger, billing, and human capital management. We manage our information 

6

systems with internal team members located both in the United States and in India. Cybersecurity remains a central 
focus point across our organization, with dedicated resources, iterative training for all employees, as well as a reliance 
on third parties engaged to assist us in monitoring and managing systems and devices, as well as detecting cyber 
threats and preventing breaches.

(7) Risk Management, Insurance, and Benefits. Our risk management program is designed to ensure prompt 

notification of incidents by customers, clinicians, and independent contractors, educational training to our employees, 
loss analysis, and prompt reporting procedures to reduce our risk of exposure. While we cannot predict the future, we 
continuously review facts and incidents associated with professional liability and workers’ compensation claims in 
order to identify trends and reduce our risk of loss in the future where possible. We consider assessments provided by 
our customers and we work with clinicians and experts from our insurance carriers to determine employment 
eligibility and potential exposure.

We provide workers’ compensation insurance coverage, professional liability coverage, and healthcare benefits for our 
eligible employed temporary professionals. We record estimates of the ultimate cost of, and reserves for, workers' 
compensation and professional liability benefits based on actuarial models prepared or reviewed by an independent 
actuary using our loss history as well as industry statistics. In determining our reserves, we include reserves for 
estimated claims incurred but not reported. On a quarterly basis, we estimate the healthcare claims that have occurred 
but have not been reported based on our historical claim submission patterns. The ultimate cost of workers’ 
compensation, professional liability, and health insurance claims will depend on actual amounts incurred to settle those 
claims and may differ from the amounts reserved for such claims.

The Company maintains a number of insurance policies including general liability, workers’ compensation, fidelity, 
employment practices liability, fiduciary, directors and officers, cyber, property, and professional liability policies. 
These policies provide coverage subject to their terms, conditions, limits of liability, and deductibles, for certain 
liabilities that may arise from our operations. There can be no assurance that any of the above policies will be adequate 
for our needs, or that we will maintain all such policies in the future.  

Our Geographic Markets and Client Base

In 2021, 2020, and 2019, primarily all of our revenue was generated in the United States, and all of our long-lived assets were 
located in the United States and India. We provide our staffing services and workforce solutions in all 50 states. During 2021, 
the largest percentage of our revenue was concentrated in Florida, California, New York, and Texas. We provide services to 
public and private acute care and non-acute care hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulatory care facilities, single and multi-
specialty physician practices, rehabilitation facilities, urgent care centers, public and charter schools, correctional facilities, 
government facilities, retailers, and many other healthcare providers. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, 
no customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue.

Our Industry

We primarily compete in the U.S. temporary healthcare staffing and workforce solutions markets. Staffing Industry Analysts 
September 2021 report estimates the healthcare staffing markets had an aggregate market size of $24.7 billion in 2021, of which 
$11.8 billion was travel nursing, $4.6 billion was per diem nursing, $4.4 billion was allied health, and $4.0 billion was locum 
tenens and advanced practitioners. The demand for our services is impacted by many factors, of which we believe the most 
significant are the following:

Supply and Demand Drivers

Economic Backdrop. In November 2021, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the total national 
unemployment rate was 4.2%, while temporary help services gained 6,200 jobs for the month of November 2021. 
According to the Staffing Industry Analysts “US Staffing Industry Pulse Survey Report" (November 2021), travel nurse 
staffing continued its run of COVID-spurred dominance, with median year-over-year revenue growth greater than 
100%, per diem nursing up 48%, and allied healthcare up 42%. It is anticipated that the U.S. staffing industry will grow 
in 2022 by 4% to $163.8 billion, as economic conditions normalize, although the ongoing pandemic continues to pose 
some degree of risk and uncertainty to the outlook, according to Staffing Industry Analysts “US Staffing Industry 
Forecast: September 2021 Update” (September 7, 2021). However, it is estimated that the healthcare staffing segment 
will decline by 9% next year, assuming easing of the pandemic and fewer assignments with crisis pay rates, with 
declines in the travel nurse and per diem nurse segments, but continued growth in locum tenens and allied healthcare 
staffing.

7

 
Increased Need for Healthcare and Special Education Services in Schools. The Individuals with Disabilities 
Education Act (IDEA), enacted in 1975, mandates that children and youth ages 3-21 with disabilities be provided a free 
and appropriate public school education. According to the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education 
Statistic Report titled “The Condition of Education" (May 25, 2021), in 2019-20, the number of students ages 3-21 who 
received special education services under the IDEA was 7.3 million, or 14% of all public school students. The IDEA 
requires that these children and young adults receive care from speech language pathologists, physical therapists, 
occupational therapists, nurses and other healthcare professionals while at school. According to the U.S. Department of 
Education report dated September 28, 2020, no matter what primary instructional delivery approach is chosen (remote/
distance, in-person, hybrid) in response to COVID, each child with disabilities must be provided a free appropriate 
public education. Based on the foregoing, we believe the demand for consulting and healthcare staffing services for 
public schools and charter schools will continue to be strong for agencies that can provide consulting services, 
healthcare personnel, technical assistance on policies, implementation, and training related to children and youth with 
special needs in or out of school settings.

Healthcare Sector Endured Job Losses in 2020 as a Result of the COVID Pandemic, but Made Modest Gains in 
2021. The healthcare sector lost 527,000 jobs between February 2020 and November 2020, with nursing and residential 
care accounting for most of the loss, but gained back 77,000 jobs through November 2021, according to 
HealthleadersMedia.com, “Healthcare Sector Jobs Unchanged in November” (December 3, 2021). According to the 
most recent Bureau of Labor Statistics 10-year projections (September 8, 2021), overall, employment is expected to 
grow 7.7%, with the healthcare and social assistance sector adding the most new jobs (3.3 million). Within healthcare, 
the individual and family services industry is projected to increase the fastest with an annual growth rate of 3.3%. 

Fewer Nurses are Satisfied with Their Jobs in Wake of COVID. Fewer nurses are satisfied with their occupation in 
the wake of COVID, according to a study we conducted between May and June 2021 in partnership with Florida 
Atlantic University's Christine E. Lynn School of Nursing. It found that 32% of surveyed nurses are "very/completely" 
satisfied with their occupation compared to 52% prior to the pandemic. In addition, 29% of nurses surveyed said their 
desire to leave the profession is dramatically higher now than before the pandemic. The survey found that 97% of 
respondents agreed that increasing pay rates and other incentives would attract and retain more nurses.

Macro Drivers of Demand. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased the number of insured patients over the past 
several years, especially in states that expanded Medicaid. In addition, two other long-term macro drivers of our 
business, a growing and aging U.S. population, should continue to drive demand for our services. The number of 
Americans ages 65 and older will more than double over the next 40 years and is projected to reach 80 million in 2040. 
The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are 1.3 million residents 
in nursing homes alone, with nearly another million in assisted living facilities. These numbers are rising, and the U.S. 
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) estimates that 35% of seniors are likely to go into a nursing home 
later in life. Nursing homes and assisted living facilities are a $450 billion dollar market, expanding annually. However, 
a 2021 staffing report from the Long Term Care Community Coalition stated that most nursing homes (63%) failed to 
provide sufficient staffing to meet their residents’ needs.

Healthcare Trends Resulting from the COVID Pandemic. Virtual health will play a growing role in management of 
chronic conditions, primary care, and the potential for solving some access issues for mental health, according to 
“Business Group on Health: 2022 Trends to Watch” (November 5, 2021). The future focus will be on achieving optimal 
quality, appropriateness, experience, and integration of virtual health with in-person delivery. Additionally, on-site 
clinics are expected to rebound in 2023-2024 to support workforce health, well-being, and safety as part of the post-
pandemic future. According to research from Arizton Advisory & Intelligence, "U.S. Telehealth Market - Industry 
Outlook and Forecast 2021-2026" (May 2021), the U.S. telehealth market was valued at $10 billion in 2020 and is 
expected to reach $43 billion by 2026, growing at an annual rate of 28%.

Supply of Nurses. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook (September 8, 2021), 
employment of registered nurses is projected to grow 9% from 2020 to 2030, about as fast as the average for all 
occupations. The RN workforce is expected to grow from 3.1 million in 2020 to 3.4 million in 2030, an increase of 
276,800 or 9%. The Bureau also projects the need for an additional 194,500 new RNs each year through 2030, factoring 
in nurse retirements and workforce exits. According to the Washington State Nurses Association “COVID intensifies 
the national nursing shortage” (September 15, 2021), it is projected that by 2022, there will be far more registered nurse 
jobs available than any other profession. With more than 500,000 seasoned RNs anticipated to retire by 2022, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the need for 1.1 million new RNs for expansion and replacement of retirees. Nurse 

8

shortages are a long-standing issue, but because of COVID, it is anticipated to grow even more by next year. Another 
factor influencing demand is the shortage of instructors. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 
more than 80,000 qualified applicants to bachelor and graduate nursing programs have been turned away due to factors 
such as insufficient faculty, clinical sites, or classroom space, and clinical preceptors, as well as budget constraints. We 
believe these shortages should have a positive effect on demand for our services as temporary nurse staffing orders 
typically increase when nurse vacancy rates rise. 

Physician Shortage. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) “The Complexities of 
Physician Supply and Demand: Projections From 2019 to 2034” (June 2021), the United States is expected to face a 
shortage of physicians. The projections show a shortage ranging between 37,800 and 124,000 by 2034 as demand for 
physicians continues to outpace supply, according to AAMC, including shortfalls in both primary and specialty care. In 
addition, more than 40% of active physicians in the U.S. will be age 65 or over within the next decade. The issue of 
increasing clinician burnout, intensified by the pandemic, could cause doctors to cut back their hours or accelerate their 
plans for retirement.

Competition

As one of the largest providers of workforce solutions and healthcare staffing in the U.S., we operate on a national, 
regional, and local basis in a highly competitive industry for both healthcare customers and healthcare professionals. In 
general, we compete against other national companies, as well as numerous smaller, regional, and local companies.

The principal competitive factors in attracting, retaining, and expanding business with healthcare customers nationally 
include: (i) understanding the customer’s work environment; (ii) offering a comprehensive suite of services to assist the 
customer in assessing its personnel needs and partnering with customers to design various customizable alternative 
solutions; (iii) the timely filling of customers' needs; (iv) price; (v) customer service; (vi) quality assurance and 
screening capabilities; (vii) risk management policies; (viii) insurance coverage; and (ix) general industry reputation.

Through our breadth and expertise of value-added workforce solutions, we have the ability to meet a national shift 
towards a more integrated delivery of healthcare which allows us to assist hospitals and health systems turning to lower-
cost, more accessible alternatives, such as outpatient or ambulatory care centers. By offering travel, per diem, and 
permanent placement of a variety of healthcare professionals, we are able to present many different types of personnel 
to hospitals and health systems at their main campuses and their ambulatory and outpatient facilities.

The principal competitive factors in attracting qualified healthcare professionals for temporary employment include: (i) 
a large national pool of desirable assignments; (ii) pay and benefits; (iii) speed of placements; (iv) customer service; (v) 
quality of accommodations; and (vi) overall industry reputation. We focus on retaining healthcare professionals by 
providing high-quality customer service, long-term benefits (to employees), and medical malpractice insurance.

From a candidate attraction standpoint, we have an extensive customer base with hospitals and healthcare facilities, and 
other healthcare providers, throughout the U.S. As a result, we have a diverse portfolio of assignments for our 
healthcare professionals to choose from. Healthcare professionals apply with us through our differentiated nursing, 
locum tenens, and allied healthcare recruitment brands. We believe our access to such a large and diverse group of 
healthcare professionals makes us more attractive to healthcare institutions and facilities seeking healthcare staffing and 
workforce solutions in the current dynamic marketplace. Our applicant tracking system for our travel nurse and allied 
business provides a world-class candidate experience.

Staffing Industry Analysts recognized us as the seventh-largest healthcare staffing firm in the U.S., with 4% market 
share in 2020. We rank as the fourth-largest travel nurse staffing firm, the third-largest per diem nurse staffing firm, the 
eighth-largest allied healthcare staffing firm, and the tenth-largest locum tenens firm. Some of our traditional 
competitors in the workforce solutions, healthcare staffing, and search businesses include: AMN Healthcare Services, 
CHG Healthcare Services, Jackson Healthcare, Aya Healthcare, RightSourcing, Ingenovis Health, and Medical 
Solutions. In recent years, several technology-enabled companies have entered the market, though at present we believe 
the current scale is limited.

Seasonality

The number of healthcare professionals on assignment with us is subject to seasonal fluctuations which may impact our 
quarterly revenue and earnings. Hospital patient census and staffing needs of our hospital and healthcare facilities 
fluctuate, which impact our number of orders for a particular period. Many of our hospital and healthcare facility clients 

9

are located in areas that experience seasonal fluctuations in population during the winter and summer months. These 
facilities adjust their staffing levels to accommodate the change in this seasonal demand and many of these facilities 
utilize temporary healthcare professionals to satisfy these seasonal staffing needs. Likewise, the number of nurse and 
allied professionals on assignment may fluctuate due to the seasonal preferences for destinations of our temporary nurse 
and allied professionals. In addition, we expect our Physician Staffing business to experience higher demand in the 
summer months as physicians take vacations, while our education and school business are expected to experience lower 
demand in the summer months when public and charter schools are closed. This historical seasonality of revenue and 
earnings may vary due to a variety of factors and the results of any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of the 
results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year.

Certifications

The staffing businesses of our brands are certified by The Joint Commission under its Health Care Staffing Services 
Certification Program. The Joint Commission is the recognized global leader for health care accreditation. Certification 
promotes a culture of excellence across the organization, and is recognized nationwide as a symbol of quality that reflects an 
organization's commitment to meeting certain performance standards. In addition, Credent Verification and Licensing Services, 
a subsidiary of Medical Doctor Associates, is certified by the NCQA.

Regulations

Our business is subject to regulation by numerous governmental authorities in the jurisdictions in which we operate throughout 
the U.S. Complex federal and state laws and regulations govern, among other things, the licensure of professionals, the payment 
of our employees (e.g., wage and hour laws, employment taxes, and income tax withholdings, etc.), and the general operations 
of our business, which may be amended from time to time. Future federal and state legislation or interpretations thereof may 
require us to change our business practices. Compliance with all of these applicable rules and regulations require a significant 
amount of resources. We endeavor to be in compliance with all such rules and regulations.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 2,250 corporate employees. During 2021, we employed an average of 8,679 
full-time equivalent field employees in Nurse and Allied Staffing, which does not include our Physician Staffing independent 
contractors.

Our ability to be successful in our marketplace directly depends on attracting and retaining talented and skilled employees, and 
keeping those individuals fully engaged in our business. Through our adoption of a human rights policy guided by the 
International Labor Organization’s Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations’ Guiding Principles on Business and 
Human Rights, our goal is to help increase the enjoyment of human rights within the communities in which we operate. This 
policy sets forth our intolerance of discrimination and harassment, our employees’ freedom of association, and the importance 
we place on the safety and health of our employees.

Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion. We are committed to maintaining a diverse workplace that respects everyone’s race, 
gender, sexual orientation, and physical abilities, as well as diversity of thought. Our diverse workforce is the cornerstone of 
our business, as we believe varying perspectives and backgrounds are the only means of solving complex and challenging 
business and social issues. As of December 31, 2021, our corporate workforce was comprised of 76% women and 24% men. 
Our total corporate workforce is 65% white and 35% non-white. As of December 31, 2021, our diverse team includes 43% 
millennials, 38% genX, 15% boomers, and 4% genZ. In 2021, our executive and clinical leadership teams were comprised of 
43% women. In addition, 38% of our Board of Directors is racially and ethnically diverse or female.

Compensation and Benefits. We are committed to rewarding, supporting, and developing the associates who make it possible 
to deliver on our strategy. To that end, we offer a comprehensive total rewards program aimed at the varying health, home-life, 
and financial needs of our diverse associates. Our total rewards package includes market-competitive pay, healthcare benefits, 
retirement savings plans, paid time off and family leave, various discount programs, and tuition assistance.

Health and Wellness. We are committed to the physical and mental health and well-being of our employees. Among other 
things, we provide free biometric healthcare screenings, a 24/7 hotline for healthcare workers who are experiencing emotional 
stress, and incentives to employees who achieve specific fitness goals in our corporate cycling program. Our wellness activity 
calendar features monthly events and educational sessions to help employees reach and maintain their health and wellness 
goals, including virtual yoga classes. Additionally, dozens of “Lunch and Learn” sessions are scheduled throughout the year, 
focused on physical, mental, and financial wellness topics of interest. We also mark one or more health observances every 

10

month, such as heart health, high blood pressure awareness, men’s health, children’s dental health, and more, which provide 
additional resources for employees to educate themselves and their families.

Talent Development. Our mission regarding talent management and development is to support organizational results and 
success by employing strategies to attract, engage, develop, and retain employees, and to partner with our leaders to nurture and 
grow leadership talent. These investments include providing clear insight into employee performance, creating career paths, 
promoting from within whenever possible, maintaining open communication, and offering professional development 
opportunities. In 2020, we adopted Dayforce, a human resources tool which features a fully interactive learning management 
system, where employees can access professional development resources such as skills training courses. We partnered with 
Strayer University and Capella University to provide our employees with access to flexible degree programs at a discounted 
cost. We have also embraced the Nursing Now pledge by reinforcing investment in the workforce, continuing to promote nurses 
to management roles, and providing guidance and support on best nursing practices through our dedicated clinical team. Nurse 
Now is a global campaign aimed at improving health by raising the status and profile of nursing.

Community and Social Impact. We participate in numerous events with a variety of non-profit organizations. Our mission to 
deliver quality patient care extends to our community and we are committed to action that fosters positive impact in our 
community and around the U.S. Our human resources department develops and implements programs to help our employees 
realize their potential through volunteering and supporting our communities. Employees are able to take paid time off to 
perform volunteer activities, and are able to donate to a charity of their choice directly from their paychecks, either as a one-
time donation or ongoing. We have also launched an employee-led council which encourages employees from a wide variety of 
backgrounds and of diversity to come together, connect, build relationships, and have their voices heard.

We have a long-standing commitment to our employees to create a business working environment that fosters engagement 
through personal innovation, achievement, wellness, advancement and training/development opportunities, promoting health 
and safety, and investments in their communities.  These efforts culminate in creating a business culture of achievement and 
loyalty that enables us to minimize turnover in our workforce and succeed in competitive and challenging marketplaces.

Additional Information

Financial reports and filings with the SEC, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are available free of charge as soon as 
reasonably practicable after filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the SEC, on or through our corporate website at 
www.crosscountryhealthcare.com. The information found on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any 
other report we file with or furnish to the SEC. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy 
and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Item 1A.        Risk Factors. 

The following risk factors could materially and adversely affect our future operating results and could cause actual results to 
differ materially from those predicted in the forward-looking statements we make about our business. Our risks are identified 
primarily through dialogue with our leaders, including a formal Enterprise Risk assessment, industry trends, our experience, 
and consideration of the current external market and financial environment. These risk factors are considered in our overall 
strategy and execution of operations. Factors we currently consider immaterial and factors we currently do not know may also 
materially adversely affect our business or our consolidated results, financial condition, or cash flows. 

Business, Economic, and Industry Risks

Our operations and financial results have been and may continue to be affected by the ongoing COVID pandemic and 
related ancillary issues and could be materially harmed by COVID or the emergence and effects related to any other 
pandemics, epidemics, or other public health crisis.

Our operations and financial results have been and may continue to be affected by the ongoing COVID pandemic and changes 
in national or global economic conditions related thereto. 

During the COVID pandemic, certain of our healthcare professionals have been exposed, diagnosed and/or quarantined as a 
result of the virus. At this time, the federal government has mandated vaccinations for healthcare workers, healthcare workers 
are burned out from the emotional and physical stress of the prolonged pandemic, and the shortage of supply continues as core 
staff also leave their jobs. If, as a result of such risks, our healthcare professionals do not want to, or are not able to provide 
services, it could negatively impact our supply and ability to provide staffing services to our customers. In addition, census at 
healthcare facilities continues to vary for many reasons. All of these effects from the pandemic can result in reduced demand for 
our services or the cancellation of our healthcare professionals working at those facilities or under contract to provide services 

11

 
at those facilities in the future. These effects have also created specific demand in certain specialties and in specific regions of 
the country.

In some instances, the increased demand in specific geographic regions and specialties has resulted in increased bill rates for 
our industry to attract the necessary supply which has resulted in inquiries and/or investigations related to pricing in the 
industry. We continue to provide data, industry insights, and market analytics to guide clients’ decisions to determine the 
appropriate rates necessary to attract clinicians to fill their needs when they need them; however, there can be no certainty that 
we will not incur costs in response to any such inquiries in the future or that bill rates will continue at current levels as the 
pandemic subsides.

In addition, the normal operations of our healthcare facility customers may be disrupted and impacted in ways that are difficult 
to predict and their financials could be adversely affected. This would not just negatively impact our staffing and workforce 
solutions business, but would also have an adverse effect on our search businesses (contingent, permanent, and retained) as 
healthcare customers may delay making decisions for executives, physicians, nurses, and other full-time staff. In addition to the 
negative impact on demand from our hospital and healthcare facility customers, school closures and various mandates in the 
wake of the COVID pandemic have had an adverse impact on our school staffing. 

The financial impact to our healthcare customers from COVID or any other pandemic, epidemic, outbreak of an infectious 
disease or other public health crisis may also impact their ability to pay for our services timely or altogether, including invoices 
for services provided prior to such an event that were in process. Such a failure to pay for our services timely or altogether 
would have an impact on our collections, resulting in a negative financial impact on our Company.

Finally, while we have disaster plans in place for all of our locations and we are able to operate remotely, the potential 
continuation of the COVID pandemic, or the emergence of another pandemic, epidemic, or outbreak is difficult to predict and 
could adversely affect our operations. For example, our operations are headquartered in South Florida and if our employees are 
working remotely as a result of a public health crisis during hurricane season and electricity, Wi-Fi, and other resources are 
temporarily restricted or not available, it could negatively impact our operations and financial results.

Decreases in demand or pricing by our clients may adversely affect the profitability of our business.

Among other things, changes in the economy, a decrease or stagnation in the general level of in-patient admissions or out-
patient services at our clients’ facilities, uncertainty regarding or changes to federal healthcare law and the willingness of our 
hospital, healthcare facilities and physician group clients to develop their own temporary staffing pools, replace core staff who 
have resigned or retired during the pandemic, or to increase the productivity of their permanent staff may, individually or in the 
aggregate, significantly affect demand for our temporary healthcare staffing services and may hamper our ability to attract, 
develop and retain clients. When a hospital’s admissions increase, temporary employees or other healthcare professionals are 
often added before full-time employees are hired. As admissions decrease, clients typically reduce their use of temporary 
employees or other healthcare professionals before undertaking layoffs of their permanent employees. In addition, if hospitals 
continue to consolidate in an effort to enhance their market positions, improve operational efficiency, hire permanent 
replacements to replace core staff, and create organizations capable of managing population health, demand for our services 
could decrease. Decreases in demand or pricing for our services may also affect our ability to provide attractive assignments to 
our healthcare professionals.

We may face challenges competing in the marketplace if we are unable to anticipate and quickly respond to changing 
marketplace conditions, such as alternative modes of healthcare delivery, reimbursement, and client needs.

Patient delivery settings continue to evolve, giving rise to alternative modes of healthcare delivery, such as retail medicine, 
telemedicine and home health. 

Our success is dependent upon our ability to develop innovative workforce solutions and quickly adapt to changing marketplace 
conditions and client needs, including making modifications to our technologies and evolving our technology platform that may 
differentiate our services and abilities from those of our competitors. The markets in which we compete are highly competitive 
and our competitors may respond more quickly to new or emerging client needs and marketplace conditions. The development 
of new service lines and business models using advanced technology solutions requires us to be at the forefront of emerging 
trends in the healthcare industry. We may face challenges competing in the marketplace if we are unable to quickly adapt our 
business model and successfully implement innovative services and solutions to address these changes. 

Market disruptions may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Economic conditions and volatility in the financial markets may have an adverse impact on the availability of credit to us and to 
our customers and businesses generally. To the extent that disruption in the financial markets occurs, it has the potential to 

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materially affect our and our customers’ ability to tap into debt and/or equity markets to continue ongoing operations, have 
access to cash and/or pay debts as they come due. These events could negatively impact our results of operations and financial 
conditions. Although we monitor our credit risks to specific clients that we believe may present credit concerns, default risk or 
lack of access to liquidity may result from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect or foresee. Conditions in the credit 
markets and the economy generally could adversely impact our business and limit or prohibit us from refinancing our credit 
agreements on terms favorable to us or at all when they become due.

We are subject to business and regulatory risks associated with international operations.

We have international operations in India where our Cross Country Infotech, Pvt Ltd. (Infotech) subsidiary is located. Infotech 
provides in-house information systems development and support services as well as some back-office processing services. We 
have limited experience in supporting our services outside of North America. Operations in certain markets are subject to risks 
inherent in international business activities, including: (i) fluctuations in currency exchange rates; (ii) changes in regulations; 
(iii) varying economic and political conditions; (iv) overlapping or differing tax structures; and (v) regulations (pertaining to, 
among other things, compensation and benefits, vacation, and the termination of employment). Our inability to effectively 
manage our international operations or our violation of a regulation could result in increased costs and adversely affect our 
results of operations.

Our financial results could be adversely impacted by the loss of key management or corporate employee turnover.

We believe the successful execution of our business strategy and our ability to build upon significant recent investments and 
acquisitions depends on the continued employment of key members of our management team and corporate employees. If we 
were to lose any key personnel, we may not be able to find an appropriate replacement on a timely basis and our results of 
operations could be negatively affected. Further, the loss of a significant number of employees or our inability to hire a 
sufficient number of qualified employees could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our clients may terminate or not renew their contracts with us.

Our arrangements with hospitals, healthcare facilities and physician group clients are generally terminable upon 30 to 90 days’ 
notice. We may have fixed costs, such as housing costs, associated with terminated arrangements that we will be obligated to 
pay post-termination, thus negatively impacting our profitability. In addition, the loss of one or more of our large clients could 
materially affect our profitability.

If our healthcare facility clients increase the use of intermediary organizations it could impact our profitability and our 
ability to secure contracts with clients.

We continue to see our clients use intermediary organizations and an increase in the use of side-by-side managed service 
providers. Intermediaries typically enter into contracts with hospitals or health systems and then subcontract with us and other 
agencies to provide staffing services, thus interfering to some extent in our relationship with our clients. Each of these 
intermediaries charges an administrative fee. Due to the increased demand during the pandemic, hospitals have also used two or 
more MSP providers to fill their open positions. In instances where we do not win new MSP opportunities or where other 
vendors win this MSP, a side-by-side MSP opportunity, or vendor management system (VMS) business with our current 
customers, the number of professionals we have on assignment at those clients could decrease. If we are unable to negotiate 
hourly rates with intermediaries for the services we provide at these clients which are sufficient to cover administrative fees 
charged by those intermediaries, it could impact our profitability. If hospitals fail to pay the intermediaries for our services or 
those intermediaries become insolvent or fail to pay us for our services, it could impact our bad debt expense and thus our 
overall profitability. We also provide comprehensive MSP and other workforce solutions directly to certain of our clients. 
While such contracts typically improve our market share at these facilities, they could result in less diversification of our 
customer base, increased liability, and reduced margins.

Our costs of providing services may rise faster than we are able to adjust our bill rates and pay rates and, as a result, our 
margins could decline and our profitability could be adversely impacted.

Costs of providing our services could change more quickly than we are able to renegotiate bill rates in our active contracts and 
pay rates with our thousands of healthcare professionals. For example, we offer housing subsidies to some of our healthcare 
professionals or provide actual housing to other healthcare professionals. At any given time, we have approximately 750  
apartments on lease throughout the U.S. because we provide housing for certain of our healthcare professionals when they are 
on an assignment with us. The cost of subsidizing housing or renting apartments and furniture for these healthcare professionals 
may increase faster than we are able to renegotiate our rates with our customers, and this may have a negative impact on our 
profitability. In addition, an increase in other incremental costs beyond our control, such as insurance could negatively affect 
our financial results. The costs related to obtaining and maintaining professional and general liability insurance, health 
insurance and workers’ compensation insurance for healthcare providers has generally been increasing. This could have an 

13

adverse impact on our financial condition unless we are able to pass these costs through to our clients or renegotiate pay rates 
with our healthcare providers.

Operational Risks

We are dependent on the proper functioning of our information systems and applications hosted by our vendors, and our 
inability to implement new technology systems and infrastructure could cause disruptions to our ability to operate 
effectively.

We are dependent on the proper functioning of information systems used to operate our business, including those applications 
hosted by our vendors. Critical information systems used in daily operations identify and match staffing resources and client 
assignments and perform billing and accounts receivable functions. Additionally, we rely on our information systems in 
managing our accounting and financial reporting. These systems are subject to certain risks, including technological 
obsolescence. We are currently evaluating the technology platforms of our businesses, and replacing our legacy nurse and allied 
applicant tracking system. If our proprietary systems of SaaS applications fail, are not successfully implemented, or are 
otherwise unable to function in a manner that properly supports our business operations, or if these systems require significant 
costs to repair, maintain or further develop or update, we could experience business interruptions or delays that could materially 
and adversely affect our business and financial results.

In addition, our information systems are protected through a secure hosting facility and additional backup remote processing 
capabilities also exist in the event our primary systems fail or are not accessible. However, the business is still vulnerable to 
fire, storm, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical or software break-ins and similar events which may 
prevent personnel from gaining access to systems necessary to perform their tasks in an automated fashion. In the event that 
critical information systems fail or are otherwise unavailable, these functions would have to be accomplished manually, which 
could impact our ability to, among other things, maintain billing and clinical records reliably, to bill for services efficiently and 
to maintain our accounting and financial reporting accurately.

We are dependent on third parties for the execution of certain critical functions.

We have outsourced certain critical applications or business processes to external providers, including but not limited to 
background screenings of our employees. We exercise care in the selection and oversight of these providers. However, the 
failure or inability to perform on the part of one or more of these critical suppliers could cause significant disruptions and 
increased costs to our business. In addition, we rely on third-party timekeeping systems in certain circumstances to process 
payroll. To the extent that these payroll systems experience a disruption or delay in reporting time worked by our healthcare 
professionals, we may not be able to make payroll to our healthcare workers timely. This could result in significant 
dissatisfaction by our healthcare workers and damage to our reputation, in addition to violations of certain laws or regulations.   
We have a risk mitigation plan in place in the event this were to occur, but the inability to effectively implement this plan or its 
failure could cause an adverse impact to our business and our financials.  

Our collection, use, and retention of personal information and personal health information create risks that may harm our 
business.

As part of our business model, we collect, transmit and retain personal information of our employees and contract professionals 
and their dependents, including, without limitation, full names, social security numbers, addresses, birth dates, and payroll-
related information. We use commercially available information security technologies to protect such information in digital 
format and have security and business controls to limit access to such information. In addition, we periodically perform 
penetration tests and respond to those findings. However, employees or third parties may be able to circumvent these measures 
and acquire or misuse such information, resulting in breaches of privacy, and errors in the storage, use or transmission of such 
information. Privacy breaches may require notification and other remedies, which can be costly, and which may have other 
serious adverse consequences for our business, including regulatory penalties and fines, claims for breach of contract, claims 
for damages, adverse publicity, reduced demand for our services by clients and/or healthcare professional candidates, harm to 
our reputation, and regulatory oversight by state or federal agencies. The possession and use of personal information and data in 
conducting our business subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens. We may be required to incur significant expenses to 
comply with mandatory privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards, or 
contractual obligations.

Cyber security risks and security breaches could adversely affect our business, disrupt operations, and harm our reputation.

Cyber incidents and security breaches can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. These incidents can include, 
but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive 
information, corrupting data, malware, ransomware, or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents could 

14

include, but are not limited to, disrupted operations, misstated financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased 
cyber security protection costs, litigation and reputational damage adversely affecting customer or investor confidence. We 
have implemented systems and processes to focus on identification, prevention, mitigation and resolution. However, these 
measures cannot provide absolute security, and our systems may be vulnerable to cyber-security breaches such as viruses, 
hacking, ransomware, and similar disruptions from unauthorized intrusions. In addition, we rely on third-party service providers 
to perform certain services, such as payroll and tax services. Any failure of our systems or third-party systems may compromise 
our sensitive information and/or personally identifiable information of our employees. While we have secured cyber insurance 
to potentially cover certain risks associated with cyber incidents, there can be no assurance the insurance will be sufficient to 
cover any such liability.

We may be unable to recruit and retain enough quality healthcare professionals to meet our clients’ demands.

We rely significantly on our ability to attract, develop and retain healthcare professionals who possess the skills, experience 
and, as required, licensure necessary to meet the specified requirements of our healthcare clients. We compete for healthcare 
staffing personnel with other temporary healthcare staffing companies, as well as actual and potential clients such as healthcare 
facilities and physician groups, some of which seek to fill positions with either permanent or temporary employees. We rely on 
word-of-mouth referrals, as well as social and digital media to attract qualified healthcare professionals. If our social and digital 
media strategy is not successful, our ability to attract qualified healthcare professionals could be negatively impacted.

In addition, with a shortage of certain qualified healthcare professionals in many areas of the United States, competition for 
these professionals remains intense. Our ability to recruit and retain healthcare professionals depends on our ability to, among 
other things, offer assignments that are attractive to healthcare professionals and offer them competitive wages and benefits or 
payments, as applicable. Our competitors might increase hourly wages or the value of benefits to induce healthcare 
professionals to take assignments with them. If we do not raise wages or increase the value of benefits in response to such 
increases by our competitors, we could face difficulties attracting and retaining qualified healthcare professionals. If we raise 
wages or increase benefits in response to our competitors’ increases, our clients and our margins could decline. At this time, we 
still do not have enough nurses, allied professionals and physicians to meet all of our clients’ demands for these staffing 
services. This shortage of healthcare professionals generally and the competition for their services may limit our ability to 
increase the number of healthcare professionals that we successfully recruit, decreasing our ability to grow our business.

Our labor costs could be adversely affected by a shortage of experienced healthcare professionals and labor union activity.

Our operations are dependent on our ability to recruit and staff quality healthcare professionals. We compete with other staffing 
companies and technologies in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel. We may be required to enhance wages and benefits 
to our employees, which could negatively impact our profitability. Labor union activity is another factor that could adversely 
affect our labor costs or otherwise adversely impact us. To the extent a significant portion of our employee base unionizes, our 
labor costs could increase significantly.

If our labor costs increase, we may not be able to raise rates to offset these increased costs. Because a significant percentage of 
our revenues consists of fixed, prospective payments, our ability to pass along increased labor costs is constrained. In the event 
we are not entirely effective at recruiting and retaining qualified management, nurses and other medical support personnel, or in 
controlling labor costs, this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Legal, Tax, and Regulatory Risks

The healthcare industry is highly regulated. Any material changes in the political, economic or regulatory environment that 
affect the purchasing policies, practices and operations of healthcare organizations, or that lead to consolidation in the 
healthcare industry, could reduce the funds available to purchase our services or otherwise require us to modify our 
offerings.

We provide our services to hospitals and health systems which pay us directly. Accordingly, Medicare, Medicaid and insurance 
reimbursement policy changes generally do not directly impact us. However, indirectly, our business, financial condition and 
results of operations depend upon conditions affecting the healthcare industry generally and hospitals and health systems 
particularly. The healthcare industry is highly regulated by federal and state authorities and is subject to changing political, 
economic and regulatory influences. Factors such as changes in reimbursement policies for healthcare expenses, consolidation 
in the healthcare industry, regulation, litigation and general economic conditions could affect the purchasing practices, 
operations and the financial health of our customers which could have a negative impact on our business. In addition, 
application and interpretation of laws sometimes change and those changes may spark regulatory inquiries/investigations as a 
result, for which we may not be insured and which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Insurance 
companies and managed care organizations also seek to control costs by requiring healthcare providers, such as hospitals, to 
discount their services in exchange for exclusive or preferred participation in their benefit plans. While not affecting us directly, 
future federal and state legislation or evolving commercial reimbursement trends may further reduce or change conditions for 

15

our clients’ reimbursement. Such limitations on reimbursement could reduce our clients’ cash flows, hampering the pricing we 
can charge clients and their ability to pay us. Reimbursement changes in government programs, particularly Medicare and 
Medicaid, can and do indirectly affect the demand and the prices paid for our services. The impact of any other legislation to 
repeal or amend or replace the ACA is uncertain and could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We operate our business in a regulated industry and modifications, inaccurate interpretations or violations of any applicable 
statutory or regulatory requirements may result in material costs or penalties as well as litigation and could reduce our 
revenue and earnings per share.

Our industry is subject to many complex federal, state, local and international laws and regulations related to, among other 
things, the licensure of professionals, the payment of our field employees (e.g., wage and hour laws, employment taxes, 
arbitration agreements, and income tax withholdings, etc.) and the operations of our business generally (e.g., federal, state and 
local tax laws). If we do not comply with the laws and regulations that are applicable to our business, we could incur civil and/
or criminal penalties as well as litigation or be subject to equitable remedies. We maintain insurance coverage for employment 
claims, however, it may not cover all claims against us or continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost. If our insurance 
does not cover the particular claim or if we are unable to pay our self-insured retention portion, pay any uninsured portion, or 
maintain adequate insurance coverage, we may be exposed to substantial liabilities that would materially impact our business 
and financial performance.

We are subject to various litigation, claims, investigations, and other proceedings which could result in substantial 
judgment, settlement costs, or uninsured liabilities.

We are party to various litigation, claims, investigations, and other proceedings. These matters primarily relate to employee-
related matters that include individual and collective claims, professional liability, tax, and payroll practices. We evaluate these 
litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount 
of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, if any, we establish reserves and/or disclose the relevant litigation 
claims or legal proceedings, as appropriate. These assessments are performed at least quarterly and are based on the information 
available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Based on the new information 
considered in our reviews, we adjust our loss contingency accruals and our disclosures. We may not have sufficient insurance to 
cover these risks. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from those estimated by our current assessments which 
would impact our profitability. Adverse developments in existing litigation claims or legal proceedings involving our Company 
or new claims could require us to establish or increase litigation reserves or enter into unfavorable settlements or satisfy 
judgments for monetary damages for amounts in excess of current reserves, which could adversely affect our financial results.

In recent years, healthcare providers have become subject to an increasing number of legal actions alleging malpractice, 
vicarious liability, violation of certain consumer protection acts, negligent hiring, negligent credentialing, or related legal 
theories. We may be subject to liability in such cases even if our Company's contribution to the alleged injury was minimal or 
related to one of our subcontractors or its employees. Many of these actions involve large claims and significant defense costs. 
In addition, we may be subject to claims related to torts or crimes committed by our corporate employees or healthcare 
professionals that we place on assignment. In most instances, we are required to indemnify clients against some or all of these 
risks. A failure of any of our corporate employees or healthcare professional to observe our policies and guidelines, relevant 
client policies and guidelines or applicable federal, state or local laws, rules and regulations could result in negative publicity, 
payment of fines or other damages.

To protect ourselves from the cost of these types of claims, we maintain professional malpractice liability insurance, 
employment practices liability insurance, and general liability insurance coverage with terms and in amounts with deductibles 
that we believe are appropriate for our operations. We are partially self-insured for our workers' compensation coverage, health 
insurance coverage, and professional liability coverage for our locum tenens providers. If we become subject to substantial 
uninsured workers' compensation, medical coverage or medical malpractice liabilities, whether directly or indirectly, our 
financial results may be adversely affected. In addition, our insurance coverage may not cover all claims against us or continue 
to be available to us at a reasonable cost. If we are unable to pay our self-insured retention portion, pay any uninsured portion,  
or maintain adequate insurance coverage, we may be exposed to substantial liabilities.

If applicable government regulations change, we may face increased costs that reduce our revenue and profitability.

The temporary healthcare staffing industry is regulated in many states. For example, in some states, firms such as our nurse 
staffing companies must be registered to establish and advertise as a nurse-staffing agency or must qualify for an exemption 
from registration in those states. If we were to lose any required state licenses, we could be required to cease operating in those 
states. The introduction of new regulatory provisions could also substantially raise the costs associated with hiring temporary 
employees. For example, some states could impose sales taxes or increase sales tax rates on temporary healthcare staffing 
services. Also, as a result of the COVID pandemic, several states have enacted various legislation to expand the application of 

16

workers compensation and other benefits to healthcare providers who are exposed to or who contract COVID through their 
employment, and certain of our clients are requiring us to provide personal protection equipment to our workers. These 
increased costs may not be able to be passed on to clients. In addition, if government regulations were implemented that limited 
the amount we could charge for our services, our profitability could be adversely affected. We continuously monitor changes in 
regulations and legislation for potential impacts on our business.

We could suffer adverse tax and other financial consequences if taxing authorities do not agree with our tax positions, if 
there are further legislative tax changes, or if we are unable to utilize our net operating losses.

We are periodically subject to a number of tax examinations by taxing authorities in the states and countries where we do 
business. We also have deferred tax assets related to our net operating losses (NOLs) in state taxing jurisdictions, which, 
generally, for state tax purposes, carry forward for up to twenty years or indefinitely, depending on the year the NOL was 
generated. Tax years generally remain subject to examination until three years after NOLs are used or expire. We expect that 
we will continue to be subject to tax examinations in the future. We recognize tax benefits of uncertain tax positions when we 
believe the positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon a challenge by the relevant tax authority. We believe our 
judgments in this area are reasonable and correct, but there is no guarantee that we will be successful if challenged by a taxing 
authority. If there are tax benefits, including, but not limited to, the use of NOLs, expense reimbursements, or other tax 
attributes, that are challenged successfully by a taxing authority, we may be required to pay additional taxes, interest, and 
penalties, or we may seek to enter into settlements with the taxing authorities, which could require significant payments or 
otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

In addition, federal, state and local, as well as international, tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to 
varying interpretations. On March 27, 2020, the former President signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security 
(CARES) Act into law, which was extended under the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Relief Act of 2020 passed on December 
27, 2020. Further, on March 11, 2021, President Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA). We are not 
aware of any provision in the CARES Act, ARPA, or any other pending tax legislation that would have a material adverse 
impact on our financial performance. There can be no assurance that the CARES Act, ARPA, the 2017 Tax Act, or any other 
legislative changes will not negatively impact our operating results, financial condition, and future business operations. 

Lastly, we may be limited in our ability to utilize our remaining state NOLs to offset future taxable income and thereby reduce 
our otherwise payable income taxes. Our ability to utilize our NOLs is also dependent, in part, upon us having sufficient future 
earnings to utilize our state NOLs before they expire. If market conditions change materially and we determine that we will be 
unable to generate sufficient taxable income in the future to utilize our state NOLs, we could be required to record additional 
valuation allowance. We review the valuation allowances for our state NOLs periodically and make adjustments from time to 
time, which can result in an increase or decrease to the net deferred tax asset related to our state NOLs. If we are unable to use 
our state NOLs or use of our state NOLs is limited, we may have to make significant payments or reduce our deferred tax 
assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

If certain of our healthcare professionals are reclassified from independent contractors to employees our profitability could 
be materially adversely impacted.

Federal or state taxing authorities could re-classify our locum tenens physicians, CRNAs, nurse practitioners, and other 
independent contractors as employees, despite both the general industry standard to treat them as independent contractors and 
many state laws prohibiting non-physician owned companies from employing physicians (e.g., the “corporate practice of 
medicine”). Other than in California where advanced practitioners are required to be classified as W-2 employees by law, if 
they were re-classified as employees, we would be subject to, among other things, employment and payroll-related tax claims, 
as well as any applicable penalties and interest. Any such reclassification would have a material adverse impact on our business 
model for that business segment and would negatively impact our profitability.

If the method for paying locum tenens physicians changes, it could negatively impact our profitability.

The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 created a new framework for rewarding physicians for providing 
higher quality care by establishing two tracks of payment: a merit-based incentive payment system, and Advanced Alternative 
Payment Models. If hospitals change the method for paying locum tenens physicians to meet their performance goals or other 
criteria for Medicaid or Medicare reimbursements, the profitability of our business could be adversely impacted.

17

Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness

We have a level of indebtedness which may have an adverse effect on our business or limit our ability to take advantage of 
business, strategic or financing opportunities.

As of December 31, 2021, we had a total principal amount of $183.5 million in debt. Our level of indebtedness increases the 
possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay the principal, interest or other amounts due on our 
indebtedness. Subject to certain restrictions under our existing indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries may also incur significant 
additional indebtedness in the future. This may have the effect of increasing our total leverage. As a consequence of our 
indebtedness; (i) demands on our cash resources may increase; (ii) we are subject to restrictive covenants that limit our financial 
and operating flexibility. Our ability to generate profitability and maintain cash flow from operations could impact our 
compliance with these covenants; and (iii) we may choose to institute self-imposed limits on our indebtedness based on certain 
considerations including market interest rates, our relative leverage and our strategic plans. For example, as a result of our level 
of indebtedness and the uncertainties arising in the credit markets and the U.S. economy:

-  we may be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

-  we may have to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing or on our variable rate indebtedness if interest rates rise, thereby 

reducing our cash flows;

-  we may find it more difficult to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, 

and other general corporate requirements that would be in our long-term interests;

-  we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest 

on our debt, reducing the available cash flow to fund other investments;

-  we may have limited flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or in the industry;

-  we may have a competitive disadvantage relative to other companies in our industry that are less leveraged;

-  we may be required to sell debt or equity securities or sell some of our core assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, in order to 

meet payment obligations; and

-  we may not be able to successfully raise capital to execute our mergers and acquisitions strategy.

These constraints could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The interest rates under our Term Loan Credit Agreement (Term Loan Agreement) and our ABL Credit Agreement (Loan 
Agreement) may be impacted by the phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR).

LIBOR is the basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a 
reference for setting the interest rates on loans globally. We use LIBOR as a reference rate to calculate interest under our Term 
Loan Agreement and our Loan Agreement. In 2017, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates 
LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the 
Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, identified the 
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as the preferred alternative reference rate to U.S. dollar LIBOR and recommended a 
paced transition plan that involves the creation of a reference rate based on SOFR by the end of 2021. SOFR is a more generic 
measure than LIBOR and considers the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. Given the 
inherent differences between LIBOR and SOFR or any other alternative benchmark rate that may be established, there are many 
uncertainties regarding a transition from LIBOR. Our Term Loan Agreement and our Loan Agreement contain a fallback 
provision providing for alternative rate calculations in the event LIBOR is unavailable, prior to any LIBOR rate transition. As a 
result of any changes in the benchmarking rate, the new rates we incur may not be as favorable to us as those in effect prior to 
any LIBOR phase-out, and we may incur higher interest payments.

We could fail to generate sufficient cash to fund our liquidity needs and/or fail to satisfy the financial and other restrictive 
covenants to which we are subject under our existing indebtedness, which could adversely affect long term growth and 
results of operations.

We currently have sufficient liquidity to operate our business in the normal course. If, however, we were to make an acquisition 
or enter into a similar type of transaction, our liquidity needs may exceed our current capacity. In addition, our existing credit 
facilities currently contain financial covenants that require us to operate above a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and 
below a consolidated leverage ratio. Deterioration in our operating results could result in our inability to comply with these 

18

covenants and would result in a default under our credit facility. If an event of default exists, our lenders could call the 
indebtedness and we may be unable to renegotiate or secure other financing.

General Business Risks

We may face difficulties integrating our acquisitions into our operations and our acquisitions may be unsuccessful, involve 
significant cash expenditures or expose us to unforeseen liabilities.

We continually evaluate opportunities to acquire companies that would complement or enhance our business. These acquisition 
opportunities involve numerous risks, including potential loss of key employees or clients of acquired companies; difficulties 
integrating acquired personnel and distinct cultures into our business; difficulties integrating acquired companies into our 
operating, financial planning and financial reporting systems; diversion of management attention from existing operations; and 
assumptions of liabilities and exposure to unforeseen liabilities of acquired companies, including liabilities for their failure to 
comply with healthcare and tax regulations. These acquisitions may also involve significant cash expenditures, debt incurrence 
and integration expenses that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any 
acquisition may ultimately have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.

Notwithstanding the due diligence investigation we perform in connection with acquisitions, the acquired business may have 
liabilities, losses, or other exposures for which we do not have adequate insurance coverage, indemnification, or other 
protection.

While we perform significant due diligence prior to signing purchase agreements, we are dependent on the accuracy and 
completeness of statements and disclosures made or actions taken by the sellers and their representatives when conducting due 
diligence and evaluating the results of such due diligence. We do not control and may be unaware of activities of the sellers 
before the acquisition, including intellectual property and other litigation or disputes, information security vulnerabilities, 
violations of laws, policies, rules and regulations, commercial disputes, tax liabilities, and other liabilities.

The sellers’ obligations to indemnify us is limited to, among others, breaches of specified representations and warranties and 
covenants included in the purchase agreement and other specific indemnities as set forth in the purchase agreement. In the event 
of a breach of a representation or warranty, other than a core representation (as defined in the purchase agreement), sellers' 
obligation to indemnify us may be limited to the time frame in which the loss arises and the amount of the loss. If any issues 
arise post-closing, we may not be entitled to sufficient, or any, indemnification or recourse from the sellers, which could have a 
material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

Losses caused by natural disasters, such as hurricanes and fires, could cause us to suffer material financial losses.

Catastrophes can be caused by various events, including, but not limited to, hurricanes, fires, and other severe weather. The 
incidence and severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable. With our headquarters, shared services, and many of our 
remote workers located in South Florida, we are more vulnerable to possible disruptions from hurricanes and the impacts 
resulting therefrom, such as tornadoes, flooding, fuel shortages, and disruption of internet, and telecommunications services. 
We also have a significant amount of business and employees in California, which is vulnerable to wild-fires and earthquakes. 
The extent of losses from a catastrophe is a function of both the total amount of insured exposure and the severity of the event. 
We do not maintain business interruption insurance for these events. We could suffer material financial losses as a result of 
disruptions from hurricanes, fires, or other catastrophes.

Legislative or regulatory initiatives related to climate change and other corporate responsibility or sustainability matters 
could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Greenhouse gases may have an adverse effect on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the frequency and severity of 
extreme weather and natural disasters. Such events could have a negative effect on the Company’s business. Concern over 
climate change may result in new or additional legislative and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of 
climate change on the environment, which could result in future tax, transportation, and utility increases and could, in turn, have 
a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. There is also increased focus, including by investors, customers, and other 
stakeholders, on these and other sustainability matters, including the use of plastic, energy, waste, and worker safety. The 
Company’s reputation could be damaged if the Company does not, or is perceived to not, act responsibly with respect to 
sustainability matters, which could also have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, 
financial position, and cash flows. 

19

Due to inherent limitations, there can be no assurance that our system of disclosure and internal controls and procedures 
will be successful in preventing all errors and fraud, or in making all material information known in a timely manner to 
management.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure 
controls and internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, 
can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent 
limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances 
of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in 
decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can 
be circumvented by the acts of an individual, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.

The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and 
there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over 
time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or 
procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be 
detected.

Impairment in the value of our goodwill, trade names, or other intangible assets could negatively impact our net income and 
earnings per share.

We are required to test goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives (such as trade names) annually, to determine if 
impairment has occurred. Long-lived assets and other identifiable intangible assets are also reviewed for impairment whenever 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that amounts may not be recoverable. If the testing performed indicates that 
impairment has occurred, we are required to record an impairment charge for the difference between the carrying amount of the 
goodwill or other intangible assets and the implied fair value of the goodwill or the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible 
asset in the period the determination is made. The testing of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment requires us to 
make significant estimates about our future performance and cash flows, as well as other assumptions. These estimates can be 
affected by numerous factors, including changes in economic, industry or market conditions, changes in business operations, 
changes in competition or changes in our stock price and market capitalization. Changes in these factors, or changes in actual 
performance compared with estimates of our future performance, could affect the fair value of goodwill, trade names, or other 
intangible assets, which may result in an impairment charge. We cannot accurately predict the amount and timing of any 
impairment of assets. Should the value of goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, there could be an adverse effect 
on us. At December 31, 2021, goodwill, trade names not subject to amortization, and other intangible assets represented 23% of 
our total assets. In 2020 and 2019, we recorded impairment charges of $10.7 million and $14.5 million, respectively.

If provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law delay or prevent a change in control, we may be unable to 
consummate a transaction that our stockholders consider favorable.

Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our 
stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up 
to 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. Without shareholder approval, the Board of Directors has the authority 
to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock. With these rights, preferred stockholders 
could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. Delaware law may also discourage, delay or prevent someone from 
acquiring or merging with us.

Stock issuable under our stock incentive plans are presently in effect and sales of this stock could cause our stock price to 
decline.

We have registered 3,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under our 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Shares of 
restricted stock outstanding as of February 15, 2022 were 1,039,455. In addition, a target of 522,166 performance stock award 
grants were outstanding as of February 15, 2022. See Note 15 - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements. 
Vested restricted stock and issuance of common stock related to our awards is eligible for resale in the public market without 
restriction. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of shares held by any shareholder or the availability of these 
shares for future sale will have on the market price of our common stock.

20

Item 1B.        Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

21

Item 2.           Properties.

All of our operations are conducted through leased office space and as of December 31, 2021, we actively leased office space in 
11 facilities located in 7 states throughout the United States. We also lease office space in a facility located in Pune, India, 
which houses certain software development and information technology support. In connection with the continuing 
developments from COVID, we expedited our restructuring plans and either reduced or fully vacated more than 50 leased office 
spaces during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. See our remaining lease obligations as of December 31, 2021 in 
Note 10 - Leases to our consolidated financial statements. We continuously evaluate facility needs based on the extent of our 
service offerings, the rate of client growth or decline, the geographic distribution of our client base, changing market conditions, 
and our long-term goals. As of December 31, 2021, our material leased properties are described below:

Our corporate headquarters is located in Boca Raton, Florida, with approximately 70,000 square feet of office space under lease 
through December 2025. The space is occupied by our corporate executive staff, legal, finance, risk management, internal audit, 
and information technology teams. Our Nurse and Allied executive staff and operations personnel as well as shared support 
functions of human resources, payroll and billing, sales, and marketing also occupy this space. 

In Norcross, Georgia we have approximately 42,000 square feet of office space under lease through October 2024. Our 
Physician Staffing executive staff and operations personnel occupy approximately 19,000 square feet with the remainder of the 
space vacant and available for a sublease. 

Item 3.           Legal Proceedings.

Information with respect to certain legal proceedings is included in Note 13 - Contingencies to the consolidated financial 
statements contained in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4.           Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.           Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
                       Securities.

Our common stock currently trades under the symbol “CCRN” on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (Nasdaq).

The graph below compares the Company to the cumulative 5-year total return of holders of the Company's common stock with 
the cumulative total returns of the Nasdaq Composite index and the Dow Jones U.S. Business Training & Employment 
Agencies index. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in the Company's common stock and in each of the indexes 
(including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on December 31, 2016 and tracks it through December 31, 2021.

22

 
 
The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

As of February 15, 2022, there were 137 stockholders of record of our common stock. In addition, there were 11,265 beneficial 
owners of our common stock held by brokers or other institutions on behalf of stockholders.

We have never paid or declared cash dividends on our common stock. Covenants in our credit agreements limit our ability to 
repurchase our common stock and declare and pay cash dividends on our common stock. On February 28, 2008, our Board of 
Directors authorized our most recent stock repurchase program whereby we may purchase up to 1.5 million of our common 
shares, subject to the terms of our current credit agreements. The shares may be repurchased from time-to-time in the open 
market and the repurchase program may be discontinued at any time at our discretion. At December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, 
we had 510,004 shares of common stock left remaining to repurchase under this authorization, subject to the limitations of our 
credit agreements as described in Note 15 - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements. 

Item 6.           Reserved.

Not applicable.

Item 7.           Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with 
Item 1. Business, Item 1A. Risk Factors, Forward-Looking Statements, and Item 15. Consolidated Financial Statements and the 
accompanying notes and other data, all of which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Management's Discussion and Analysis below generally discusses 2021 and 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons between 
2021 and 2020. Discussions of 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019 that are not included in this 
Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 

23

Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021                                                                                   
and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Business Overview

We provide total talent management services, including strategic workforce solutions, contingent staffing, permanent 
placement, and consultative services for healthcare customers across the continuum of care, by recruiting and placing highly 
qualified healthcare professionals in virtually every specialty and area of expertise. In addition to clinical roles such as school 
nurses, speech language, and behavioral therapists, we place non-clinical professionals such as teachers, substitute teachers, and 
other education specialties at educational facilities across the nation. Our diverse customer base includes both public and private 
acute care and non-acute care hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulatory care facilities, single and multi-specialty physician 
practices, rehabilitation facilities, PACE programs, urgent care centers, local and national healthcare systems, managed care 
providers, public and charter schools, correctional facilities, government facilities, pharmacies, and many other healthcare 
providers. Through our national staffing teams, we offer our workforce solutions and place clinicians on travel and per diem 
assignments, local short-term contracts, and permanent positions.

In the first quarter of 2021, we modified our reportable segments to reflect the following two business segments: Nurse and 
Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing. Based on our revised management structure that better aligns with our operations, we 
aggregated the previously-reported Search segment in Nurse and Allied Staffing to reflect how the business is evaluated, and 
the operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. Prior period data in this MD&A has been 
reclassified to conform to the new segment reporting structure.

●  Nurse and Allied Staffing – For the year ended December 31, 2021, Nurse and Allied Staffing represented 

approximately 96% of total revenue. The Nurse and Allied Staffing segment provides workforce solutions and 
traditional staffing, including temporary and permanent placement of travel nurses and allied professionals, as well as 
per diem and contract nurses and allied personnel. We also provide clinical and non-clinical professionals on short-
term and long-term assignments to clients such as local and national healthcare plans, managed care providers, public 
and charter schools, correctional facilities, skilled nursing facilities, and other non-acute settings. In addition, Nurse 
and Allied Staffing provides retained search services for healthcare professionals, as well as contingent search and 
recruitment process outsourcing services. We provide flexible workforce solutions to our healthcare customers through 
diversified offerings designed to meet their unique needs, including: MSP, RPO, and consulting services.

●  Physician Staffing – For the year ended December 31, 2021, Physician Staffing represented approximately 4% of total 
revenue. Physician Staffing provides physicians in many specialties, as well as CRNAs, NPs, and PAs as independent 
contractors on temporary assignments throughout the U.S.

Summary of Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue from services increased 100% year-over-year to $1,676.7 million, due to 
continued solid execution and strong performance in our Nurse and Allied Staffing segment, and growth in our Physician 
Staffing segment. Given the incredibly tight labor market and extreme risk faced by healthcare professionals throughout the 
pandemic, direct operating expenses rose by 105% over the prior year. Average bill rates rose during the year as we continued 
to experience significant demand for our services across virtually every specialty, related to both COVID and non-COVID 
assignments, such as operating room, emergency, pediatrics, labor and delivery, and medical surgical. As a result, we 
significantly expanded the number of professionals on assignment over the prior year. Throughout the pandemic, we have acted 
with integrity, and worked collaboratively with clients on adjusting bill rates in response to rapidly changing market conditions. 
Ensuring our clients have a continuing supply of clinicians and professionals to meet their needs has remained our top priority, 
and as a result, we grew our investments in attracting candidates and added significant capacity by growing our workforce. As a 
result of the rising compensation costs for professionals on assignment, and our commitment to absorb as much of the increases 
as possible, our consolidated gross profit margin decreased 180 basis points year-over-year. Despite the decline in gross margin 
and significant investments in our workforce, the rising number of professionals on assignment improved our operating 
leverage, and as a result net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $132.0 
million, as compared to a net loss of $13.0 million in the prior year. Net income for 2021 was favorably impacted by the 
reversal of valuation allowances in connection with net operating losses, which is not expected to recur in the future. Going 
forward, the Company expects to see a significant increase in cash taxes and have an effective tax rate of approximately 30 
percent.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash flow used in operating activities was $85.6 million, due to the investment in net 
working capital associated with the historic growth in our business. As of December 31, 2021, we had $1.0 million in cash and 

24

 
cash equivalents and $174.3 million principal balance on our term loan. Availability under the asset-based credit facility (ABL) 
was $150.0 million, with $9.2 million of borrowings drawn under our ABL, and $18.2 million of undrawn letters of credit 
outstanding, leaving $122.6 million available for borrowing as of December 31, 2021. See Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated 
financial statements. 

In 2021, we refinanced the Company with a new subordinated $175.0 million term loan and completed two acquisitions. On 
June 8, 2021, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. (WSG), which allows us to 
deliver critical support to some of the neediest populations by delivering professionals to the home. On December 16, 2021, we 
entered into an asset purchase agreement with Selected, a subscription-based SaaS model for schools to recruit permanent 
educators and special education professionals. 

As we progress throughout 2022, we anticipate that bill rates will likely decline as COVID hospitalizations decline. However, 
demand remains robust amidst a backdrop of tight supply for clinicians and professionals, which will likely continue throughout 
much of 2022. We anticipate continued volume growth throughout 2022, as we continue to invest in both added capacity and 
our technologies. Our proprietary tool, Marketplace, continues to evolve, with new features and functionality being deployed to 
improve the candidate experience across the entire engagement life cycle. In 2021, we spent more than $9.0 million on 
advancing our digital platforms and given the success of our projects, we anticipate expanding our spend on IT related projects, 
by more than doubling the level of investments in the coming year.

See Results of Operations, Segment Results, and Liquidity and Capital Resources sections that follow for further information.

Operating Metrics

We evaluate our financial condition by tracking operating metrics and financial results specific to each of our segments. Key 
operating metrics include hours worked, days filled, number of contract personnel on a full-time equivalent (FTE) basis, 
revenue per FTE, and revenue per day filled. Other operating metrics include number of open orders, candidate applications, 
contract bookings, length of assignment, bill and pay rates, and renewal and fill rates, number of active searches, and number of 
placements. These operating metrics are representative of trends that assist management in evaluating business performance. 
Due to the timing of our business process and other factors, certain of these operating metrics may not necessarily correlate to 
the reported U.S. GAAP results for the periods presented. Some of the segment financial results analyzed include revenue, 
operating expenses, and contribution income. In addition, we monitor cash flow, as well as operating and leverage ratios, to 
help us assess our liquidity needs.

Business Segment
Nurse and Allied Staffing 

Physician Staffing

Business Measurement
FTEs represent the average number of Nurse and Allied Staffing 
contract personnel on a full-time equivalent basis.
Average revenue per FTE per day is calculated by dividing the 
Nurse and Allied Staffing revenue, excluding permanent placement, 
per FTE by the number of days worked in the respective periods. 

Days filled is calculated by dividing the total hours invoiced during
the period, including an estimate for the impact of accrued revenue,
by eight hours.
Revenue per day filled is calculated by dividing revenue as reported
by days filled for the period presented. 

25

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, selected consolidated statements of operations data expressed as 
a percentage of revenue. Our historical results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.

Revenue from services

Direct operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Bad debt expense
Depreciation and amortization
Acquisition and integration-related costs
Restructuring costs
Impairment charges

Income (loss) from operations

Interest expense
Other (income) expense, net

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)
Consolidated net income (loss)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

Year Ended December 31,
2020
2021

 100.0 %
 77.6 
 12.8 
 0.3 
 0.6 
 0.1 
 0.2 
 0.1 
 8.3 
 0.4 
 (0.1) 

 8.0 
 0.1 
 7.9 
 — 
 7.9 %

 100.0 %
 75.8 
 20.8 
 0.4 
 1.5 
 — 
 0.7 
 1.9 
 (1.1) 
 0.3 
 — 

 (1.4) 
 — 
 (1.4) 
 0.1 
 (1.5) %

26

 
 
 
Comparison of Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Year Ended December 31,

Increase 
(Decrease)

Increase 
(Decrease)

2021

2020

$

%

Revenue from services

Direct operating expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Bad debt expense

Depreciation and amortization

Acquisition and integration-related costs

Restructuring costs

Impairment charges

Income (loss) from operations

Interest expense

Other (income) expense, net

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)

Consolidated net income (loss)

(Amounts in thousands)

$ 1,676,652  $  836,417  $  840,235 

  1,301,653 

215,292 

4,783 

9,852 

1,068 

2,630 

2,070 

139,304 

6,866 

(770)   

633,685 

173,809 

3,035 

12,671 

77 

6,052 

16,248 

667,968 

41,483 

1,748 

991 

(3,422) 

(14,178) 

(2,819) 

 (22.2) %

 100.5 %

 105.4 %

 23.9 %

 57.6 %

NM

 (56.5) %

 (87.3) %

NM

(9,160)   

148,464 

2,890 

280 

3,976 

 137.6 %

(1,050) 

 (375.0) %

133,208 

(12,330)   

145,538 

1,206 

(188)   

1,394 

132,002 

(12,142)   

144,144 

NM

NM

NM

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary

— 

820 

(820) 

 (100.0) %

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

$  132,002  $ 

(12,962)  $  144,964 

NM

NM - Not meaningful

Revenue from services

Revenue from services increased $840.2 million, or 100.5%, to $1,676.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as 
compared to $836.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, due to strong performance in our Nurse and Allied Staffing 
segment, resulting from both an increase in volume and higher bill rates. In general, the increase in bill rates related to the spike 
in COVID needs late in the fourth quarter of 2020, which continued throughout 2021, as well as a continued high level of 
demand for our services throughout the current year due to the overall tight labor supply for clinicians and professionals. See 
further discussion in Segment Results.

Direct operating expenses

Direct operating expenses are comprised primarily of field employee compensation and independent contractor expenses, 
housing expenses, travel expenses, and related insurance expenses. Direct operating expenses increased $668.0 million, or 
105.4%, to $1,301.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $633.7 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2020, as a result of revenue increases. As a percentage of total revenue, direct operating expenses increased to 
77.6% compared to 75.8% in the prior year period, as compensation costs rose by a higher percentage than our bill rates.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $41.5 million, or 23.9%, to $215.3 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2021, as compared to $173.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to increases in 
compensation and benefits, as well as equity compensation expense, marketing, and consulting, partially offset by lower rent 
expense due to the closure of a significant number of offices in 2020 and a decrease in legal expenses. As a percentage of total 
revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 12.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 
20.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased to $9.9 million as compared to $12.7 
million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decline was driven by a combination of lower depreciation on certain assets 
given the closure of offices, as well as accelerated amortization of trade names associated with our rebranding initiatives in the 
prior year. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements. As 
a percentage of revenue, depreciation and amortization expense was 0.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 1.5% for 
the year ended December 31, 2020.

Acquisition and integration-related costs

Acquisition and integration-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 include costs for legal and advisory fees, as 
well as integration costs, for the WSG acquisition that closed late in the second quarter of 2021, and legal and professional fees 
for the Selected acquisition that closed late in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Restructuring costs

Restructuring costs for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were primarily comprised of employee termination costs 
and ongoing lease costs related to the Company's strategic reduction of its real estate footprint and totaled $2.6 million and $6.1 
million, respectively. Restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 also included reorganization costs as part of 
our planned costs savings initiatives.

Impairment charges

Non-cash impairment charges totaled $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and related to real estate
restructuring activities and the write-off of a discontinued software development project. Non-cash impairment charges totaled 
$16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. These were comprised of $10.7 million of impairment related to our 
Search and Nurse and Allied businesses and $5.5 million related to real estate restructuring activities. See Note 5 - Goodwill, 
Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets and Note 10 - Leases to our consolidated financial statements.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 
2020, due to higher average borrowings and a higher effective interest rate. The effective interest rate on our borrowings was 
5.7% and 3.5% for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense totaled $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to income tax benefit of $0.2 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2020. The effective tax rate was 1.0% and 1.5%, including the impact of discrete items, for the 
years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate in 2021 was impacted by the $37.5 million 
release of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and federal, international, and state taxes. The effective tax rate in 2020 
was impacted by the additional valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles, and 
international and state taxes.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a net valuation allowance release of $37.5 million (comprised of $18.4 
million related to federal NOLs, $7.5 million related to state NOLs, and $11.6 million related to other net deferred tax assets) on 
the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. The 
valuation allowance on an immaterial amount of state NOLs was not released due to the respective expiration periods and 
specific state taxable income projections. See Note 14 - Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements.

28

 
 
 
	
Segment Results

Information on operating segments and a reconciliation to loss from operations for the periods indicated are as follows:

Revenue from services:

Nurse and Allied Staffing
Physician Staffing

Contribution income:

Nurse and Allied Staffing
Physician Staffing

Corporate overhead
Depreciation and amortization
Acquisition and integration-related costs
Restructuring costs
Impairment charges
Income (loss) from operations

Year Ended December 31,
2020
2021

(amounts in thousands)

1,605,781  $ 
70,871 
1,676,652  $ 

768,483 
67,934 
836,417 

205,738  $ 
4,328 
210,066 

55,142 
9,852 
1,068 
2,630 
2,070 
139,304  $ 

74,169 
3,619 
77,788 

51,900 
12,671 
77 
6,052 
16,248 
(9,160) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

In the first quarter of 2021, the Company modified its reportable segments and, as a result, now discloses the following two 
reportable segments - Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing. Revenue in the amount of $10.5 million and 
contribution loss in the amount of $1.1 million included in the previously-reported Search segment have been reclassified to 
Nurse and Allied Staffing for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 18 - Segment Data.

Certain statistical data for our business segments for the periods indicated are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
2021

2020

Change

Percent
Change

Nurse and Allied Staffing statistical data:
FTEs

8,679 

6,037 

Average Nurse and Allied Staffing revenue per FTE per day 

$ 

503 

$ 

343 

$ 

2,642 

160 

Physician Staffing statistical data:
Days filled 
Revenue per day filled 

44,169 
1,605 

$ 

38,987 
1,742 

$ 

5,182 
(137) 

$ 

 43.8 %

 46.6 %

 13.3 %
 (7.9) %

See definition of Business Measurements under the Operating Metrics section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis.

Segment Comparison - Year Ended December 31, 2021 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Nurse and Allied Staffing

Revenue increased $837.3 million, or 109.0% to $1,605.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $768.5 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2020, driven by volume increases and higher bill rates, due to the continuing impacts from 
COVID as well as the overall tight labor supply for clinicians and professionals.

Contribution income for the year ended December 31, 2021, increased $131.5 million or 177.4%, to $205.7 million from $74.2 
million in year ended December 31, 2020, driven by increased revenue. As a percentage of segment revenue, contribution 
income margin increased to 12.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021 from 9.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The average number of FTEs on contract during the year ended December 31, 2021 increased 43.8% from the year ended 
December 31, 2020, primarily due to headcount growth in travel nurse and allied which grew by more than double over the 
prior year, as well as additional headcount resulting from the WSG acquisition. Average revenue per FTE per day increased 
approximately 46.6% in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, due to the increase 
in the average travel bill rates as a result of the increases in pay rates required to attract healthcare professionals.

Physician Staffing

Revenue increased $3.0 million, or 4.3% to $70.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $67.9 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to an increase in volume in several specialties.

Contribution income for the year ended December 31, 2021, increased $0.7 million or 19.6% to $4.3 million compared to $3.6 
million in the year ended December 31, 2020. As a percentage of segment revenue, contribution income was 6.1% for the year 
ended December 31, 2021 and 5.3% for the year ended December 31, 2020, driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher 
direct costs.

Total days filled increased 13.3% to 44,169 in the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 38,987 in the year ended 
December 31, 2020. Revenue per day filled was $1,605 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $1,742 for the year ended 
December 31, 2020 due to a shift in the mix of business.

Corporate overhead

Corporate overhead includes unallocated executive leadership and other centralized corporate functional support costs such as 
finance, IT, legal, human resources, and marketing, as well as public company expenses and corporate-wide projects. Corporate 
overhead increased to $55.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $51.9 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2020, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits, as well as equity compensation expense, and 
consulting expense, partially offset by decreases in legal expenses. As a percentage of consolidated revenue, unallocated 
corporate overhead was 3.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021, and 6.2% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Transactions with Related Parties

See Note 17 - Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2021, we reported $1.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, $174.3 million of term loan outstanding, at par,  
and $9.2 million of borrowings drawn under our ABL. Working capital increased by $218.8 million to $308.5 million as of 
December 31, 2021, compared to $89.7 million as of December 31, 2020, primarily due to strong sequential growth, partially 
offset by the timing of disbursements. As of December 31, 2021, our days' sales outstanding, net of amounts owed to 
subcontractors, was 58 days, flat year-over-year. As of December 31, 2021, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Our operating cash flow constitutes our primary source of liquidity and, historically, has been sufficient to fund our working 
capital, capital expenditures, internal business expansion, and debt service. This includes our commitments, both short-term and 
long-term, of interest expense on our debt, payments on our promissory note payable, and operating lease commitments, as well 
as any settlements on uncertain tax positions, and future principal payments on our term loan and our Loan Agreement. We 
expect to meet our future needs from a combination of cash on hand, operating cash flows, and funds available through the 
ABL. See debt discussion which follows.

Cash Flow Comparisons

Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020 

Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $85.6 million compared to net cash 
provided by operating activities of $27.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. The use of cash is due primarily to 
the investment in net working capital associated with the historic growth in our business, with accounts receivable increasing 
$318.4 million since the start of the year.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $34.0 million compared to $4.6 million in 
the year ended December 31, 2020. Net cash used in both periods was for capital expenditures, primarily related to the project 
to replace our applicant tracking system and various other IT initiatives. The year ended December 31, 2021 also included 
expenditures related to the development of our on-demand staffing platform and the build-out of our corporate office, and $26.9 
million related to the acquisitions of WSG and Selected.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $119.1 million, compared to net cash 
used in financing activities of $22.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 
2021, we reported net borrowings of $175.0 million on our term loan, and used cash to repay borrowing on our ABL of $44.2 
million, $0.7 million principal payment on our term loan, $2.4 million on our note payable, $6.1 million of debt issuance costs, 
$2.2 million for income taxes on share-based compensation, and an immaterial amount for other financing activities. During the 
year ended December 31, 2020, we used cash to repay borrowing on our ABL of $17.6 million, $2.4 million to pay our note 
payable, $0.7 million for income taxes on share-based compensation, and $1.3 million for other financing activities. 

Debt

2021 Term Loan Agreement

As more fully described in Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated financial statements, on June 8, 2021, we entered into a Term 
Loan Agreement, which provides for a six-year second lien subordinated term loan in the amount of $100.0 million (term loan). 
The term loan has an interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus 5.75% per annum, subject to a 0.75% LIBOR floor. The term loan 
was used to pay the cash consideration, as well as any costs, fees, and expenses in connection with the WSG acquisition (see 
Note 4 - Acquisitions to our consolidated financial statements), with the remainder used to pay down a portion of the asset-
based credit facility.

The borrowings under the Term Loan Agreement generally bear interest at a variable rate based on either LIBOR or Base Rate 
(as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) and are subject to mandatory prepayments of principal payable in quarterly 
installments, commencing on September 30, 2021, with each installment being in the aggregate principal amount of $0.3 
million (subject to adjustment as a result of prepayments) provided that, to the extent not previously paid, the aggregate unpaid 
principal balance would be due and payable on the maturity date. The Term Loan Agreement contains various restrictions and 
covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including a covenant to maintain a minimum net leverage ratio. The 
Company was in compliance with this covenant as of December 31, 2021. Obligations under the Term Loan Agreement are 
secured by substantially all the assets of the borrowers and guarantors under the Term Loan Agreement, subject to customary 
exceptions.

On November 18, 2021, we amended the Term Loan Agreement (Term Loan First Amendment), which provided the Company 
an incremental term loan in an aggregate amount equal to $75.0 million. Additionally, the Term Loan First Amendment 
increased the aggregate amount of all increases (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) to be no greater than $115.0 million. 
The borrowings will be used primarily to fund organic growth. Commencing on December 31, 2021, installments of the 
mandatory prepayments will be in the aggregate principal amount of $0.4 million. All other terms, conditions, covenants, and 
pricing of the Term Loan Agreement remain the same.

2019 Loan Agreement

Effective October 25, 2019, our prior senior credit facility entered into in August 2017 was replaced by a $120.0 million Loan 
Agreement, which provides for a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility. On June 30, 2020, we amended the Loan 
Agreement (First Amendment), which increased the current aggregate committed size of the ABL from $120.0 million to 
$130.0 million. All other terms, conditions, covenants, and pricing of the Loan Agreement remained the same. On March 8, 
2021, we amended the Loan Agreement (Second Amendment), which increased the current aggregate committed size of the 
ABL from $130.0 million to $150.0 million, increased certain borrowing base sub-limits, and decreased both the cash dominion 
event and financial reporting triggers. On June 8, 2021, we amended the Loan Agreement (Third Amendment), which permits 
the incurrence of indebtedness and grant of security as set forth in the Loan Agreement and in accordance with the Intercreditor 
Agreement, and provides mechanics relating to a transition away from LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate to a replacement 
alternative benchmark rate or mechanism for loans made in U.S. dollars. On November 18, 2021, we amended the Loan 
Agreement (Fourth Amendment), whereby the permitted indebtedness (as defined in the Loan Agreement) was increased to 
$175.0 million.

As of December 31, 2021, the interest rate spreads and fees under the Loan Agreement were based on LIBOR plus 1.50% for 
the revolving portion of the borrowing base and LIBOR plus 4.00% on the Supplemental Availability (as defined in the Loan 

31

 
Agreement). The Base Rate (as defined by the Loan Agreement) margins would have been 0.50% and 3.00% for the revolving 
portion and Supplemental Availability, respectively. The LIBOR and Base Rate margins are subject to monthly pricing 
adjustments, pursuant to a pricing matrix based on our excess availability under the revolving credit facility. In addition, the 
facility is subject to an unused fee, letter of credit fees, and an administrative fee. The Loan Agreement contains various 
restrictions and covenants, including a covenant to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. We were in compliance 
with the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant as of December 31, 2021. Availability under the ABL is subject to a borrowing 
base, which was sufficient to access the full facility size of $150.0 million at December 31, 2021, with $9.2 million of 
borrowings drawn as well as $18.2 million of letters of credit outstanding, leaving $122.6 million available for borrowing.

Note Payable

As of December 31, 2021, the third and final installment of the subordinated promissory note payable, made in connection with 
the Mediscan acquisition, in the amount of $2.5 million is included in current portion of debt on the consolidated balance 
sheets. This installment is to be paid, together with interest at a rate of 2% per annum, accruing from April 1, 2020, on January 
31, 2022. See Note 4 - Acquisitions to our consolidated financial statements.

See Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated financial statements.

Stockholders' Equity

See Note 15 - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 

We have identified the following critical accounting policies that affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in 
the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and judgments that 
affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and 
liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis, including those related to asset impairment, accruals for self-
insurance, allowance for doubtful accounts and sales allowances, taxes and other contingencies, and litigation. We state our 
accounting policies in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, 
contained herein. These estimates are based on information that is currently available to us and on various assumptions that we 
believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could vary from those estimates under different assumptions 
or conditions.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the 
preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Goodwill, trade names, and other intangible assets 

Our business acquisitions typically result in the recording of goodwill, trade names, and other intangible assets, and the 
recorded values of those assets may become impaired in the future. The determination of the value of such intangible assets 
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our consolidated financial statements. For intangible assets 
purchased in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. 
As more fully described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we assess the impairment of goodwill of our 
reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually, or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
the carrying value may not be recoverable. 

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of 
assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each 
reporting unit. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value of reporting units including estimating future cash 
flows, and determining appropriate discount rates, growth rates, company control premium, and other assumptions. Changes in 
these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit. See Note 5 - 
Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets, where impairment testing in 2021, 2020, and 2019 is more fully 
described.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our trade names were not amortized but instead tested for impairment at least 
annually, or more frequently should an event or circumstances indicate that a reduction in fair value may have occurred. We 

32

 
 
 
 
perform testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, at the asset group level using the relief from royalty 
method. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recorded for that excess.

There can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual impairment test will prove to be 
accurate predictions of the future. Although management believes the assumptions and estimates made are reasonable and 
appropriate, different assumptions and estimates could materially impact the reported financial results.

In addition, we are required to test the recoverability of long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets with definite 
lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In testing for 
potential impairment, if the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the expected undiscounted cash flows, we must then 
determine the amount by which the fair value of those assets exceeds the carrying value and determine the amount of 
impairment, if any.

Risk and Uncertainties

The calculation of fair value used in these impairment assessments included a number of estimates and assumptions that 
required significant judgments, including projections of future income and cash flows, long-term growth rates, the identification 
of appropriate market multiples, royalty rates, and the choice of an appropriate discount rate. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade 
Names, and Other Intangible Assets. In addition, deterioration of demand for our services, deterioration of labor market 
conditions, reduction of our stock price for an extended period, or other factors as described in Item 1A. Risk Factors, may 
affect our determination of fair value of goodwill, trade names, or other intangible assets. This evaluation can also be triggered 
by various indicators of impairment which could cause the estimated discounted cash flows to be less than the carrying amount 
of net assets. If we are required to record an impairment charge in the future, it could have an adverse impact on our results of 
operations. Under the current credit agreements, an impairment charge will not have an impact on our liquidity. As of 
December 31, 2021, we had total goodwill, intangible assets not subject to amortization, and other intangible assets of $167.7 
million or 22.9% of our total assets.

Health, workers' compensation, and professional liability expense

We maintain accruals for our health, workers’ compensation, and professional liability claims that are partially self-insured and 
are classified as accrued compensation and benefits on our consolidated balance sheets. We determine the adequacy of these 
accruals by periodically evaluating our historical experience and trends related to health, workers’ compensation, and 
professional liability claims and payments, based on actuarial models, as well as industry experience and trends. If such models 
indicate that our accruals are overstated or understated, we will adjust accruals as appropriate. Healthcare insurance accruals 
have fluctuated with increases or decreases in the average number of corporate employees and healthcare professionals on 
assignment as well as actual company experience and increases in national healthcare costs. As of December 31, 2021 and 
2020, we had $4.1 million and $3.9 million accrued, respectively, for incurred but not reported health insurance claims. 
Corporate and field employees are covered through a partially self-insured health plan. Workers’ compensation insurance 
accruals can fluctuate over time due to the number of employees and inflation, as well as additional exposures arising from the 
current policy year. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, we had $12.5 million and $12.4 million accrued for case reserves and 
for incurred but not reported workers’ compensation claims, net of insurance receivables, respectively. The accrual for workers’ 
compensation is based on an actuarial model which is prepared or reviewed by an independent actuary quarterly. As of 
December 31, 2021, and 2020, we had $4.9 million and $5.8 million accrued, respectively, for case reserves and for incurred 
but not reported professional liability claims, net of insurance receivables. The accrual for professional liability is based on 
actuarial models which are prepared by an independent actuary quarterly.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue from our services when control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount 
that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the service. We have concluded that transfer of control of 
our staffing services, which represents the majority of our revenues, occurs over time as the services are provided.

The following is a description of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from which we generate 
revenue.

Temporary Staffing Revenue

Revenue from temporary staffing is recognized as control of the services is transferred over time, and is based on hours worked 
by our field staff. We recognize the majority of our revenue at the contractual amount we have the right to invoice for services 

33

 
completed to date. Generally, billing to customers occurs weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly and is aligned with the payment of 
services to the temporary staff. Accounts receivable includes estimated revenue for employees’ and independent contractors’ 
time worked but not yet invoiced. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our estimate of amounts that had been 
worked but had not been billed totaled $140.0 million and $48.3 million, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable 
in the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Services Revenue

We offer other optional services to our customers that are transferred over time including: MSPs providing agency services (as 
further described below in Gross Versus Net Policies), RPO, other outsourcing services, and retained search services, as well as 
separately billable travel and housing costs, which in total amount to less than 5% of our consolidated revenue for the years 
ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Generally, billing and payment terms for MSP agency services are consistent with 
temporary staffing as the customers are similar or the same. Revenue from these services is recognized based on the contractual 
amount for services completed to date which best depicts the transfer of control of services.

For our RPO, other outsourcing, and retained search services, revenue is generally recognized in the amount to which the entity 
has a right to invoice which corresponds directly with the value to the customer. We do not, in the ordinary course of business, 
offer warranties or refunds.

Gross Versus Net Policies

We record revenue on a gross basis as a principal or on a net basis as an agent depending on the contracted arrangement, as 
follows:

• We have certain contracts with acute care facilities to provide comprehensive MSP solutions. Under these contract 
arrangements, we primarily use our nurses, along with third-party subcontractors, to fulfill customer orders. If a 
subcontractor is used, we invoice our customer for these services, but revenue is recorded at the time of billing, net of 
any related subcontractor liability. The resulting net revenue represents the administrative fee charged by us for our 
MSP services.

•

Revenue from our Physician Staffing business is recognized on a gross basis as we are the principal in the 
arrangements.

Allowances

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make 
required payments, which results in a provision for bad debt expense. We determine the adequacy of this allowance based on  
historical write-off experience, current conditions, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivable and customer payment 
patterns, and specific reserves for customers in adverse conditions adjusted for current expectations for the customers or 
industry. Based on the information currently available, we also considered current expectations of future economic conditions, 
including the impact of COVID, when estimating our allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our 
customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be 
required. We write off specific accounts based on an ongoing review of collectability as well as our past experience with the 
customer. In addition, we maintain a sales allowance for rate and hour differences which may arise in the ordinary course of 
business and adjustments to the reserve are recorded as contra-revenue. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our total 
allowances were $6.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

Contingent liabilities

We are subject to various litigation, claims, investigations, and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our 
business. These matters primarily relate to employee-related matters that include individual and collective claims, professional 
liability, tax, and payroll practices. Our healthcare facility clients may also become subject to claims, governmental inquiries 
and investigations, and legal actions to which we may become a party relating to services provided by our professionals. We 
record a liability when available information indicates that a loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably 
estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both the probability of loss and the estimated amount. At least 
quarterly, we review our accrual and/or disclosures to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal 
counsel, or new information. However, losses ultimately incurred could materially differ from amounts accrued. See Note 13 - 
Contingencies.

34

Income taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial 
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss 
carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in 
the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. During 2021, the Company utilized 100 
percent of its federal NOL carryforward and a significant amount of state NOLs. As of December 31, 2021, we have deferred 
tax assets related to certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards of $72.4 million. But for those NOL carryforwards with an 
indefinite carryover, the carryforwards will expire as follows: state between 2022 and 2040, and foreign between 2022 and 
2026.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets of an immaterial amount and $37.5 
million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a valuation allowance release of $37.5 million 
(comprised of $18.4 million related to federal NOLs, $7.5 million related to state NOLs, and $11.6 million related to other net 
deferred tax assets) on the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than 
not to be realized. The valuation allowance on an immaterial amount of state NOLs was not released due to the respective 
expiration periods and specific state taxable income projections. See Note 14 - Income Taxes to our consolidated financial 
statements.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the 
future realization of deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2021, in part because in the current year we achieved 12 quarters 
of cumulative pretax income including permanent items in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, management determined that there 
is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets are realizable. We 
therefore reduced the valuation allowance accordingly.

In arriving at our conclusion to reduce the valuation allowance we considered several positive and negative factors. For the 12 
quarters ended December 31, 2021, the Company has $110.3 million in cumulative pretax income including permanent items.  
The Company also has a history of utilizing NOLs prior to expiration, most notably the full utilization of the federal net 
operating loss carryforward in 2021. The Company is also forecasting positive pretax book income which is expected to exceed 
the reversal of its future tax deductions, further proving future estimates of taxable income. The growth estimates are tied to the 
growing demand for healthcare solutions for our customers, including a growing aging U.S. population, and our customers’ 
pressure to keep costs down by using our staffing solutions. With regard to negative evidence, the Company does not have any 
material taxable temporary differences to offset deductible temporary differences and does not have any taxable income 
available for carryback to offset NOLs. As such, the primary focus of our analysis emphasized the current and prior two-year 
cumulative pretax income analysis, the full utilization of the federal net operating loss carryforward, and projections of future 
taxable income.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our 
consolidated provision for income taxes and recording the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of 
our business there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. An unrecognized 
tax benefit represents the difference between the recognition of benefits related to exposure items for income tax reporting 
purposes and financial reporting purposes. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the majority of the unrecognized tax benefit 
is classified as a component of other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, while $0.4 million is classified as 
an offset to certain state NOLs within the deferred tax asset. As of December 31, 2021, total unrecognized tax benefits recorded 
was $9.2 million. We reserve for interest and penalties on exposure items, if applicable, which is recorded as a component of 
the overall income tax provision. 

We are regularly under audit by tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, we believe that we have 
appropriate support for the positions taken on our tax returns and that our annual tax provision includes amounts sufficient to 
pay any assessments. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing 
authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements.

Seasonality

35

 
See Item 1. Business.

Inflation 

We do not believe that inflation had a significant impact on our results of operations for the periods presented. On an ongoing 
basis, we seek to ensure that billing rates reflect increases in costs due to inflation. In addition, we attempt to minimize any 
residual impact on our operating results by controlling operating costs.

Item 7A.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with our debt instruments which have interest based on variable rates. As of 
December 31, 2021, we are exposed to the risk of fluctuation in interest rates relating to our Term Loan Agreement entered into 
on June 8, 2021 and our Loan Agreement entered into on October 25, 2019. These agreements charge interest at a rate based on 
either LIBOR or Base Rate (as defined in the agreements) plus an applicable margin.

A 1% change in interest rates on our variable rate debt would have resulted in interest expense fluctuating approximately 
$1.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. See Note 8 - Debt to our 
consolidated financial statements.

See Item 1A, Risk Factors under “The interest rates under our Term Loan Credit Agreement (Term Loan Agreement) and our 
ABL Credit Agreement (Loan Agreement) may be impacted by the phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)” 
for a discussion of the interest rate risk related to the potential phase-out of LIBOR in 2021.

Foreign Currency Risk

We have minor exposure to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Approximately 1% of selling, general and 
administrative expenses are related to certain software development and information technology support provided by our 
employees in Pune, India. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates impact translations of foreign denominated assets and 
liabilities into U.S. dollars and future earnings and cash flows from transactions denominated in different currencies. We have 
not entered into any foreign currency hedges.

Our international operations transact business in their functional currency. As a result, fluctuations in the value of foreign 
currencies against the U.S. dollar have an impact on reported results. Expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated 
into U.S. dollars at monthly average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Consequently, as the value of the U.S. dollar 
changes relative to the currencies of our non-U.S. markets, our reported results vary.

Fluctuations in exchange rates also impact the U.S. dollar amount of stockholders’ equity. The assets and liabilities of our non-
U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of a reporting period. The resulting 
translation adjustments are recorded in stockholders’ equity, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, 
included in other stockholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheets.

Item 8.           Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

See Item 15 – Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules of Part IV of this Report.

Item 9.           Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A.        Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in 
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), as of the end of the 

36

 
 
 
 
period covered by this report. Based upon the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded 
that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that 
information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, 
summarized, communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, and 
reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. The disclosure controls and procedures are designed to 
ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports required under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is 
accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in 
order to allow timely decisions regarding any required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during 2021 that have materially affected, or are 
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material 
impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to 
the COVID pandemic.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined 
in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial 
reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to 
the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the 
policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission, or COSO, in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework).

We purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. and 
Selected, Inc. in 2021. Due to the timing of the acquisitions and as allowed under SEC guidance, management's assessment of 
and conclusion regarding the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting excluded the internal control 
over financial reporting of the acquired businesses, which is relevant to our 2021 consolidated financial statements as of and for 
the year ended December 31, 2021. The financial statements of the acquisitions constitute approximately 8% of total assets and 
3% of revenues from services of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Based on its evaluation, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting is 
effective based on the specific criteria.

Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 has been audited by Deloitte & 
Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Part IV, Item 15 of 
this report.

Item 9B.        Other Information.

None.

Item 9C.        Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.

37

Item 10.         Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

PART III

Information with respect to directors, executive officers and corporate governance is included in our Proxy Statement for the 
2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (Proxy Statement) to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC not later than 
120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and such information is incorporated herein by 
reference.

Item 11.         Executive Compensation.

Information with respect to executive compensation is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 
120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and such information is incorporated herein by 
reference.

Item 12.         Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters.

Information with respect to beneficial ownership of our common stock is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the 
SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and such information is 
incorporated herein by reference.

With respect to equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2021, see table below:

Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
warrants and rights (a)

Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and
rights (b)

Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a)) (c) (1)

—  $ 

None

—  $ 

— 

N/A

— 

2,219,300 

N/A

2,219,300 

Plan Category
Equity compensation plans approved by  
security holders

Equity compensation plans not approved 
by security holders

Total

(1) For Performance Stock Awards issued under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plans, we consider the expected number of shares 
that may be issued under the award to be outstanding. When the number of Performance Stock Awards have been determined, 
we true up the actual number of shares that were awarded and return any unawarded shares into shares available for issuance. 
Performance Stock Awards were issued under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan beginning March 31, 2021. See Note 15 - 
Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements.

Item 13.         Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Information with respect to certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence is included in our Proxy 
Statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and 
such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.         Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Information with respect to the fees and services of our principal accountant is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with 
the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and such information is 
incorporated herein by reference.

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.         Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

PART IV

(a)        Documents filed as part of the report.

(1) Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020,
   and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Financial Statements Schedule

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

(3) Exhibits

39

 
 
 
 
No.
2.1

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.1

4.2 #

4.3 #

4.4

10.1 #

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5 #

10.6 #

10.7

10.8 #

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

EXHIBIT INDEX

Description
Asset Purchase Agreement, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc., Workforce Solutions Group, Inc., Health 
Talent Strategies, Inc., Talent Strategies, Inc., and Pamela Jung, dated June 8, 2021 (Previously filed as an exhibit 
to the Company's Form 8-K dated June 14, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Previously filed as an exhibit to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, Commission File No. 333-64914, and incorporated by reference 
herein.)
Certificate of Correction to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Previously filed 
as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and incorporated by reference 
herein.)
Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q for 
the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Form of specimen common stock certificate (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1/A, Commission File No. 333-64914, and incorporated by reference herein.)
2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan - Restricted Stock Agreement Form (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s 
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein.)
2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan - Performance Share and Restricted Stock Agreement Form (Previously filed as an 
exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Description of the Company's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and incorporated 
by reference herein.)

Cross Country, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for 
the year ended December 31, 2002, and incorporated by reference herein.)
Lease Agreement between Cornerstone Opportunity Ventures, LLC and Cejka Search, Inc., dated February 2, 2007 
(Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 
incorporated by reference herein.)
Second Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between Meridian Commercial Properties Limited Partnership and 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc., dated February 17, 2007 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-
K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein.)
First Amendment to Lease Agreement dated as of September 1, 2007, by and between Cornerstone Opportunity 
Ventures, LLC and Cejka Search, Inc. (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended September 30, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Form of Non-Employee Directors’ Restricted Stock Agreement under Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. 2007 Stock 
Incentive Plan (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s 8-K dated May 15, 2007 and incorporated by 
reference herein.)
Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement under Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan 
(Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 15, 2007 and incorporated by reference 
herein.)
Lease Agreement, dated July 18, 2013, between Peachtree II and III, LLC and MDA Holdings, Inc. (Previously 
filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 and incorporated by reference 
herein.)
Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (Previously filed as an exhibit 
to the Company’s Form 8-K dated May 28, 2010 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Fourth Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between Granite Meridian LLC and Cross Country Healthcare, 
Inc., dated September 29, 2015 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 2, 2015 
and incorporated by reference herein.)
Ninth Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between Mainstreet CV North 40, LLC and Cross Country 
Healthcare, Inc., dated September 29, 2015 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated 
October 2, 2015 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Lease Agreement by and between Mainstreet CV North 40, LLC and Cross Country Healthcare, Inc., dated 
September 29, 2015 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 2, 2015 and 
incorporated by reference herein.)
Asset Purchase Agreement between Mediscan, Inc. and Direct Ed Solutions, Inc. and Mihal Spiegel, dated August 
19, 2014 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated November 3, 2015 and incorporated by 
reference herein.)
Third Amendment to Lease Agreement between RNSI City Place Owner, LLC and Cejka Search, Inc., dated 
December 2, 2015 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-KA for the year ended December 31, 
2015 and incorporated by reference herein.)

40

No.

10.14

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18 #

10.19 #

10.20 #

10.21 #

10.22 #

10.23 #

10.24

10.25

10.26 #

10.27 #

10.28 #

10.29 #

10.30 #

10.31

10.32 #

EXHIBIT INDEX (CONTINUED)

Description

Tenth Amendment to Lease agreement between Mainstreet CV North 40, LLC and Cross Country Healthcare, 
Inc., dated September 19, 2016 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
September 30, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein.)

Amendment to Lease agreement between Mainstreet CV North 40, LLC and Cross Country Healthcare, Inc., 
dated September 19, 2016 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
September 30, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein.)

Asset Purchase Agreement, dated June 13, 2017, among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc., as Buyer, Advantage RN, 
LLC, Advantage On Call, LLC, Advantage Locums, LLC, and Advantage RN Local Staffing, the Seller Parties, 
and Seller Representative (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated June 13, 2017 and 
incorporated by reference herein.)
Fourth Amendment to Lease Agreement between RNSI City Place Owner, LLC and Cejka Search, Inc., dated 
May 31, 2017 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 
2017 and incorporated by reference herein.)

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. Executive Nonqualified Excess Plan Adoption Agreement (Previously filed as an 
exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K dated December 31, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Employment Agreement between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Kevin C. Clark, dated January 16, 2019 
(Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated January 16, 2019 and incorporated by reference 
herein.)

Amendment and Restatement to Employment Agreement, dated January 31, 2019, by and between Cross Country 
Healthcare, Inc. and William J. Burns (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated January 
31, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein)
Offer Letter, dated as of March 11, 2019, between Stephen Saville and Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (Previously 
filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated April 16, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein.)

Offer Letter between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Buffy White, dated March 6, 2019 (Previously filed as 
an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated by reference 
herein.)

Relocation Agreement between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Buffy White, dated May 21 2019 (Previously 
filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and incorporated by 
reference herein.)
ABL Credit Agreement, dated October 25, 2019, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and certain of its 
domestic subsidiaries as borrowers, certain of its domestic subsidiaries as guarantors, the Lenders referenced 
therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, as agent (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated October 
28, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Amendment No. 1 to ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, 
Inc. and certain of its domestic subsidiaries as borrowers or guarantors, PNC Bank, N.A., as lender, and Wells 
Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, and lender (Previously filed as an exhibit to the 
Company's Form 8-K dated June 30, 2020 and incorporated by reference herein.)

Form of Non-Employee Directors' Restricted Stock Agreement under Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. 2020 Stock 
Incentive Plan (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 
and incorporated by reference herein.)

Offer Letter by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and John Martins (Previously filed as an exhibit to the 
Company's Form 8-K dated January 25, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Employment Agreement by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and John Martins (Previously filed as an 
exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated January 25, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Revised Offer Letter by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Susan E. Ball, dated as of February 22, 
2021 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K filed February 25, 2021 and incorporated by 
reference herein.)

Amendment and Restatement to Employment Agreement, dated February 22, 2021, by and between Cross 
Country Healthcare, Inc. and William J. Burns (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K filed 
February 25, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)

Amendment No. 2 to ABL Credit Agreement and Amendment No. 1 to Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated 
as of March 8, 2021, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and certain of its domestic subsidiaries as 
borrowers or guarantors, PNC Bank N.A., as lender, and Wells Fargo Bank N.A., as administrative agent, 
collateral agent, and lender (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated March 10, 2021 and 
incorporated by reference herein)
Offer Letter by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Phillip Noe (Previously filed as an exhibit to the 
Company's Form 8-K dated May 10, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)

41

10.33 #

10.34

10.35

10.36

10.37

10.38 #

10.39 #

*14.1

*21.1

*23.1

*31.1

*31.2

**32.1

**32.2

Employment Agreement by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Phillip Noe (Previously filed as an 
exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated May 10, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Term Loan Credit Agreement, by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and the Lenders as defined therein, 
dated June 8, 2021 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated June 14, 2021 and 
incorporated by reference herein.)
Amendment No. 3 to ABL Credit Agreement, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and certain of its 
domestic subsidiaries as borrowers, certain of its domestic subsidiaries as guarantors, the Lenders (as defined 
therein), and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as agent dated June 8, 2021 (Previously filed as an exhibit 
to the Company's Form 8-K dated June 14, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)
First Incremental Amendment to Term Loan Credit Agreement, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc., the 
Guarantors (as defined therein), the Lenders (as defined therein), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, 
dated November 18, 2021 (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated November 19, 2021 
and incorporated by reference herein.)
Amendment No. 4 to ABL Credit Agreement, by and among Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and certain of its 
domestic subsidiaries as borrowers, certain of its domestic subsidiaries as guarantors, the Lenders (as defined 
therein), and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as agent dated November 18, 2021 (Previously filed as an 
exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated November 19, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein.)
Letter Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2022, by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and Kevin C. 
Clark (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated January 19, 2022 and incorporated by 
reference herein.)

Employment Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2022, by and between Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and John 
A. Martins (Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 8-K dated January 19, 2022 and incorporated by 
reference herein.)

Code of Ethics, revised November 15, 2021

List of subsidiaries of the Registrant

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002 by Kevin C. Clark, Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 
2002 by William J. Burns, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial 
Officer)

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 
of 2002, by Kevin C. Clark, Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 
of 2002, by William J. Burns, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and 
Financial Officer)

42

 EXHIBIT INDEX (CONTINUED)

No.
*101.INS
*101.SCH
*101.DEF
*101.LAB
*101.CAL
*101.PRE
104

Description

XBRL Instance Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

________________
#           Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
*           Filed herewith
**         Furnished herewith

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 16.           Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this 
Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

By:

/s/ Kevin C. Clark
Name: Kevin C. Clark
Title: Co-Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Principal Executive Officer
Date: February 28, 2022

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons in 
the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated:

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Kevin C. Clark
Kevin C. Clark

Co-Founder & Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

February 28, 2022

/s/ William J. Burns
William J. Burns

Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

February 28, 2022

/s/ W. Larry Cash
W. Larry Cash

/s/ Thomas C. Dircks
Thomas C. Dircks

/s/ Gale Fitzgerald
Gale Fitzgerald

/s/ Darrell S. Freeman, Sr.
Darrell S. Freeman, Sr.

Director

Director

Director

Director

/s/ Janice E. Nevin, M.D., MPH
Janice E. Nevin, M.D., MPH

Director

/s/ Mark Perlberg
Mark Perlberg

/s/ Joseph A. Trunfio, Ph.D.
Joseph A. Trunfio, Ph.D.

Director

Director

44

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

February 28, 2022

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

Page

F- 2

F- 4

F- 5

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

F- 6

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule

F- 7

F- 8

F- 9

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

II- 1

Schedules not filed herewith are either not applicable, the information is not material or the information is set forth in the 
consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

F- 1

 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and subsidiaries (the 
"Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income 
(loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related 
notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have 
audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in 
Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in 
the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America. 

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its 
assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. and Selected Inc. (collectively, the 
"Excluded Acquisitions"), which were acquired during the year ended December 31, 2021, and whose financial statements 
constitute approximately 8% of total assets, and 3% of revenues from services of the consolidated financial statement amounts 
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial 
reporting at the Excluded Acquisitions. 

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over 
financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the 
accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We 
are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and 
are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the 
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to 
error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also 
included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the 
overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an 
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and 
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included 
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a 
reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the 

F- 2

company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that 
was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that 
are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The 
communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and 
we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the 
accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Insurance Claim Liabilities — Refer to Notes 2 and 7 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company provides workers’ compensation insurance coverage and professional liability coverage for eligible employees. 
The Company records its estimate of the ultimate cost of, and reserves for, workers' compensation and professional liability 
benefits based on actuarial models prepared by an independent actuary using the Company’s loss history as well as industry 
statistics. The Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 includes short-term and long-term accruals for 
workers’ compensation and professional liability claims of $10.8 million and $25.3 million, respectively. 

We identified the insurance claim liabilities for workers’ compensation coverage and professional liability coverage as a critical 
audit matter because of the significant assumptions made by management in estimating the liability. This required a high degree 
of auditor judgment as well as increased effort, including the involvement of actuarial specialists in performing procedures to 
evaluate the reasonableness of management’s judgement in estimating the liability.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to insurance claims liabilities for workers’ compensation coverage and professional liability 
coverage included the following, among others: 

• We tested the effectiveness of controls related to insurance claim liabilities, including those over the assumptions used 

to estimate the insurance claim liabilities.

• We tested the underlying data that served as the basis for the actuarial analysis, including historical paid claims, to test 

that the inputs to the actuarial estimate were complete and accurate.

• We involved actuarial specialists with specialized skill, industry knowledge, and relevant experience who assisted in:

– Comparing prior year expected development and ultimate loss to actuals incurred during the current year to 

identify potential bias in the determination of the insurance claim liabilities.

– Developing an independent range of estimates of the insurance claim liabilities, utilizing paid and reported loss 

development factors from the Company’s historical data and industry loss development factors.

–

Evaluating qualifications of the Company’s actuaries by assessing the certifications and determining whether they 
meet the Qualification Standards of the American Academy of Actuaries to render the statements of actuarial 
opinion in their analyses.  

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boca Raton, Florida
February 28, 2022

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.

F- 3

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(amounts in thousands, except for share data)

Assets
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $6,881 in 2021 and $4,021 in 2020
Prepaid expenses
Insurance recovery receivable
Other current assets

Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Trade names, indefinite-lived
Other intangible assets, net
Non-current deferred tax assets
Other non-current assets
Total assets

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Accrued compensation and benefits
Current portion of debt
Operating lease liabilities - current
Income tax payable
Current portion of earnout liability
Other current liabilities

Total current liabilities
Long-term debt, less current portion
Operating lease liabilities - non-current
Non-current deferred tax liabilities
Long-term accrued claims
Non-current earnout liability
Other long-term liabilities
Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' equity:
   Common stock—$0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 37,023,644 and 36,177,279 

shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated deficit

Total Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. stockholders' equity

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary

Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

See accompanying notes.

F- 4

December 31,

2021

2020

1,036  $ 

493,910 
7,648 
5,041 
638 
508,273 
15,833 
7,488 
119,490 
5,900 
42,344 
11,525 
21,956 
732,809  $ 

109,753  $ 
65,580 
4,176 
4,090 
7,307 
7,500 
1,364 
199,770 
176,366 
10,853 
190 
25,314 
9,000 
13,788 
435,281 

1,600 
170,003 
5,455 
4,698 
1,355 
183,111 
12,351 
10,447 
90,924 
5,900 
34,831 
— 
19,409 
356,973 

49,877 
35,540 
2,425 
4,509 
8 
— 
1,064 
93,423 
53,408 
15,234 
6,592 
25,412 
— 
7,995 
202,064 

4 
321,552 
(1,293) 
(22,735) 
297,528 
— 
297,528 
732,809  $ 

4 
310,388 
(1,280) 
(154,737) 
154,375 
534 
154,909 
356,973 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Year Ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

$  1,676,652  $ 

836,417  $ 

822,224 

  1,301,653 
215,292 
4,783 
9,852 
1,068 
2,630 
— 
2,070 
  1,537,348 
139,304 

6,866 
— 
— 
(770)   

133,208 
1,206 
132,002 
— 
132,002  $ 

633,685 
173,809 
3,035 
12,671 
77 
6,052 
— 
16,248 
845,577 

(9,160)   

2,890 
— 
— 
280 
(12,330)   
(188)   
(12,142)   
820 
(12,962)  $ 

618,215 
181,959 
2,008 
14,075 
201 
3,571 
1,600 
16,306 
837,935 
(15,711) 

5,306 
1,284 
1,978 
(68) 
(24,211) 
31,732 
(55,943) 
1,770 
(57,713) 

3.60  $ 

(0.36)  $ 

(1.61) 

3.53  $ 

(0.36)  $ 

(1.61) 

36,689 
37,392 

36,088 
36,088 

35,815 
35,815 

Revenue from services
Operating expenses:

Direct operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Bad debt expense
Depreciation and amortization
Acquisition and integration-related costs
Restructuring costs
Legal settlement charges
Impairment charges
Total operating expenses
Income (loss) from operations
Other expenses (income):

Interest expense
Loss on derivative
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
Other (income) expense, net

Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit)
Consolidated net income (loss)
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders - Basic

Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders - Diluted

$ 

$ 

$ 

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted

See accompanying notes.

F- 5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(amounts in thousands)

Consolidated net income (loss)

Other comprehensive (loss) income, before income tax:

Unrealized foreign currency translation (loss) gain

Unrealized loss on interest rate contracts

Reclassification adjustment to statement of operations

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

$  132,002  $ 

(12,142)  $ 

(55,943) 

(33)   

(40)   

47 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(33)   

(40)   

(1,078) 

1,312 

281 

Taxes on other comprehensive (loss) income:

Income tax effect related to unrealized foreign currency translation (loss) gain

(20)   

Income tax effect related to unrealized loss on interest rate contracts

Income tax effect related to reclassification adjustment to statement of operations

Valuation allowance adjustment

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

— 

— 

— 

(20)   

(13)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(40)   

26 

(571) 

93 

511 

59 

222 

Comprehensive income (loss)

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary

131,989 

(12,182)   

(55,721) 

— 

820 

1,770 

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

$  131,989  $ 

(13,002)  $ 

(57,491) 

See accompanying notes.

F- 6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(amounts in thousands)

Common Stock

Shares

Dollars

Additional
Paid-In 
Capital

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Loss

Accumulated 
Deficit

Noncontrolling 
Interest in 
Subsidiary

Stockholders’ 
Equity

Balances at December 31, 2018

  35,626  $ 

4  $  303,048  $ 

(1,462)  $ 

(84,062)  $ 

670  $ 

218,198 

Exercise of share options
Vesting of restricted stock

Equity compensation

Foreign currency translation 
adjustment, net of taxes

Net change in hedging 
transaction, net of taxes

Distribution to noncontrolling 
shareholder

Net (loss) income

14 
231 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Balances at December 31, 2019

  35,871 

Vesting of restricted stock

Equity compensation

Foreign currency translation 
adjustment, net of taxes

Distribution to noncontrolling 
shareholder

Net (loss) income

306 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Balances at December 31, 2020

  36,177 

Vesting of restricted stock

Equity compensation

Foreign currency translation 
adjustment, net of taxes

Acquisition of WSG

Acquisition of Selected

Dissolution of noncontrolling 
interest

Distribution to noncontrolling 
shareholder

Net income

479 

— 

— 

308 

60 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
(801) 

3,396 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

47 

175 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(57,713) 

305,643 

(1,240) 

(141,775) 

(658) 

5,403 

— 

— 

— 

310,388 

(2,230) 

6,894 

— 

5,000 

1,500 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(40) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(12,962) 

(1,280) 

(154,737) 

— 

— 

(13) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

132,002 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,572) 

1,770 

868 

— 

— 

— 

(1,154) 

820 

534 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(324) 

(210) 

— 

— 
(801) 

3,396 

47 

175 

(1,572) 

(55,943) 

163,500 

(658) 

5,403 

(40) 

(1,154) 

(12,142) 

154,909 

(2,230) 

6,894 

(13) 

5,000 

1,500 

(324) 

(210) 

132,002 

Balances at December 31, 2021

  37,024  $ 

4  $  321,552  $ 

(1,293)  $ 

(22,735)  $ 

—  $ 

297,528 

See accompanying notes.

F- 7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(amounts in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities
Consolidated net income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating 
activities:

Year Ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

$ 

132,002  $ 

(12,142)  $ 

(55,943) 

Depreciation and amortization
Provision for allowances
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense 
Non-cash lease expense
Impairment charges
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
Equity compensation
Other non-cash costs
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Operating lease liabilities
Other

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Purchases of property and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from term loan
Principal payments on term loan
Principal payments on note payable
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
Repayments on revolving credit facility
Debt issuance costs
Proceeds under Senior Secured Asset-Based revolving credit facility
Borrowings under Senior Secured Asset-Based revolving credit facility
Repayments on Senior Secured Asset-Based revolving credit facility
Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes
Cash payments to noncontrolling shareholder
Other

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

9,852 
6,499 
(9,927) 
2,424 
2,070 
— 
6,894 
1,828 

(318,420) 
(3,364) 
83,286 
(6,753) 
7,991 
(85,618) 

(26,876) 
(7,170) 
(34,046) 

175,000 
(688) 
(2,426) 
— 
— 
(6,098) 
— 
443,544 
(487,753) 
(2,230) 
(210) 
(45) 
119,094 

12,671 
4,269 
(932) 
3,547 
16,248 
— 
5,403 
990 

(4,745) 
(2,083) 
7,239 
(5,872) 
2,611 
27,204 

— 
(4,615) 
(4,615) 

— 
— 
(2,426) 
— 
— 
(81) 
— 
420,334 
(437,900) 
(658) 
(1,153) 
(126) 
(22,010) 

14,075 
3,243 
31,159 
4,989 
16,306 
1,978 
3,396 
513 

(6,642) 
(1,574) 
(1,308) 
(5,820) 
1,170 
5,542 

— 
(2,940) 
(2,940) 

— 
(83,876) 
— 
5,000 
(5,000) 
(2,058) 
76,640 
71,934 
(77,600) 
(801) 
(1,573) 
(265) 
(17,599) 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

6 

(11) 

10 

Change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid
Income taxes paid

(564) 
1,600 
1,036  $ 

568 
1,032 
1,600  $ 

(14,987) 
16,019 
1,032 

5,773  $ 
3,608  $ 

2,666  $ 
612  $ 

4,554 
555 

$ 

$ 
$ 

See accompanying notes.

F- 8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business 

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in Delaware on July 29, 1999 as a business providing travel 
nurse and allied health staffing services. As of December 31, 2021, the Company provides total talent management services, 
including strategic workforce solutions, contingent staffing, permanent placement, and consultative services for healthcare 
customers. The Company places highly qualified healthcare professionals in virtually every specialty and area of expertise. Its 
diverse client base includes both clinical and nonclinical settings, servicing both public and private acute care and non-acute 
care hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulatory-care centers, single and multi-specialty physician practices, rehabilitation 
facilities, urgent care centers, local and national healthcare systems, managed care providers, both public schools and charter 
schools, correctional facilities, government facilities, pharmacies, and many other healthcare providers.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly-owned 
subsidiaries, as well as Cross Country Talent Acquisition Group, LLC, which was a joint venture controlled by the Company 
but not wholly owned. The Company recorded the ownership interest of the noncontrolling shareholder as noncontrolling 
interest in subsidiary. Effective December 31, 2020, the sole professional staffing services agreement held by this joint venture 
was terminated and, as a result, the Company dissolved Cross Country Talent Acquisition Group, LLC in the third quarter of 
2021. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. See the consolidated balance 
sheets and statements of cash flows, Note 3 - Revenue Recognition, and Note 18 - Segment Data.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles 
(U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated 
financial statements and accompanying notes. Management has assessed various accounting estimates and other matters, including 
those that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in context of the unknown future impacts of the current global 
outbreak of COVID-19 (COVID) using information that is reasonably available to the Company at the time. Significant estimates 
and assumptions are used for, but not limited to: (i) the valuation of accounts receivable; (ii) goodwill, trade names, and other 
intangible assets; (iii) other long-lived assets; (iv) revenue recognition; (v) accruals for health, workers’ compensation, and 
professional liability claims; (vi) valuation of deferred tax assets; (vii) legal contingencies, and (viii) income taxes. Accrued 
insurance claims and reserves include estimated settlements from known claims and actuarial estimates for claims incurred but not 
reported. As additional information becomes available to the Company, its future assessment of these estimates, including 
management's expectations at the time regarding the duration, scope, and severity of the pandemic, as well as other factors, could 
materially and adversely impact the Company's consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. Actual results could 
differ from those estimates.

COVID

The Company continues to closely monitor the COVID pandemic, and prioritize the mental health and well-being of its employees. 
While operating primarily through a remote workforce, the Company's offices remain open with stringent safety guidelines and 
procedures in place, including allowing only vaccinated employees on-site, social distancing, and enhanced cleaning at all of its 
locations. Business travel, including visits to healthcare clients, continues to be somewhat limited at the request of the Company's 
clients who are continuing to cope with the pandemic twenty-four hours a day/seven days a week.  

Throughout the pandemic, the Company has partnered with its clients to deliver flexible solutions aimed at solving their immediate 
and long-term challenges. It has continued to provide data, industry insights, marketing analytics, and consulting services to assist 
clients in determining the appropriate rates necessary to attract the supply they need. One of the Company's core values is to act 
ethically and responsibly, and it has been especially important during this pandemic to be transparent and build trust with its clients 
to re-enforce long-lasting relationships as both demand and bill rates have increased to unprecedented levels.

F- 9

                                                                         
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Interest 
income on cash and cash equivalents was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, and is included in 
other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations.

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and Concentration of Credit Risk

Accounts receivable potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company generally does not require 
collateral and mitigates its credit risk by performing credit evaluations and monitoring at-risk accounts. The allowance for doubtful 
accounts is established for losses expected to be incurred on accounts receivable balances. Accounts receivable are written off 
against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company determines amounts are no longer collectible. Judgment is required 
in the estimation of the allowance and the Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable and contract assets based 
on a combination of factors. The Company bases its allowance for doubtful account estimates on its historical write-off experience, 
current conditions, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivable and customer payment patterns, and specific reserves for 
customers in adverse condition adjusted for current expectations for the customers or industry. Based on the information currently 
available, the Company also considered current expectations of future economic conditions, including the impact of COVID, when 
estimating its allowance for doubtful accounts.

The opening balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts is reconciled to the closing balance for expected credit losses as 
follows:

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Balance at January 1

Bad Debt Expense

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries

Balance at March 31

Bad Debt Expense

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries

Balance at June 30

Bad Debt Expense

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries

Balance at September 30

Bad Debt Expense

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries

Balance at December 31

2021

2020

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

3,416  $ 

504   

(699)  

3,221   

466   

(358)  

3,329   

1,441   

(138)  

4,632   

2,372   

(917)  

$ 

6,087  $ 

2,406 

539 

(349) 

2,596 

898 

(532) 

2,962 

946 

(800) 

3,108 

652 

(344) 

3,416 

In addition to the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company maintains a sales allowance for billing-related adjustments which 
may arise in the ordinary course of business and adjustments to the reserve are recorded as contra-revenue. The balance of this 
allowance as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

The Company’s contract terms typically require payment between 30 to 60 days from the date of invoice and are considered past 
due based on the particular negotiated contract terms. The majority of the Company's customers are U.S. based healthcare systems 
with a significant percentage in acute-care facilities. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's accounts 
receivable balance as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, or revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

F- 10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined on a straight-line basis over 
the estimated useful lives of the assets, which generally range from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated 
over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the term of the individual lease. On an annual basis, the Company reviews its 
property and equipment listings and disposes of assets that are no longer in use.

Certain software development costs have been capitalized. Such costs include charges for consulting services and costs for 
Company personnel associated with programming, coding, and testing such software. Amortization of capitalized software costs is 
included in depreciation expense in the consolidated statements of operations and begins when the software is ready for use. See 
Note 6 - Property and Equipment.

Cloud Computing Arrangements

Implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements are capitalized when incurred during the application 
development phase. In connection with the licensing of software products, the Company has entered into arrangements in which 
it does not take possession of the software; rather, the software application resides on the vendor's or a third-party's hardware, 
and the Company accesses and uses the software on an as-needed basis over the Internet or via a dedicated line. Therefore, the 
cloud computing arrangement does not give rise to an intangible asset. Costs are capitalized in accordance with the Company’s 
policies for other capitalizable service costs. Amortization is calculated over the contractual term of the cloud computing 
arrangement and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. As of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has a current asset of $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, included in 
prepaid expenses and a non-current asset of $4.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, included in other non-current assets in 
the consolidated balance sheets that have been capitalized in conjunction with implementations. Amortization of the cloud 
computing assets was $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and immaterial for the years ended December 31, 
2020 and 2019.

Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement constitutes a lease at commencement. Operating leases are included in 
operating lease right-of-use assets, and operating lease liabilities - current and non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. 
Finance leases are included in other non-current assets, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities in the 
consolidated balance sheets. See Note 10 - Leases.

Right-of-use assets are measured based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for: (i) payments made to the lessor at or 
before the commencement date; (ii) initial direct costs; and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. Rent expense commences 
when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company. Lease liabilities are measured based on the present value 
of the total lease payments not yet paid discounted based on its incremental borrowing rate, as the rate implicit in the lease is 
not determinable. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on an analysis of publicly-traded debt securities 
of companies with credit and financial profiles similar to its own. The variable portion of the lease payments is not included in 
the right-of-use assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are 
expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expense in selling, general and 
administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Rent expense for operating lease payments is recognized 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not assume renewals or early terminations unless it is reasonably 
certain to exercise these options at commencement.

Deferred rent credits related to tenant improvement allowances and other leasehold incentives reduced the beginning operating 
right-of-use asset recognized, and will be recognized as a reduction to future rent expense over the expected remaining term of 
the respective leases.

The Company leases apartments for eligible field employees under short-term agreements (typically three to six months), which 
generally coincide with each employee’s staffing contract. Costs relating to these leases are included in direct operating expenses 
in the consolidated statements of operations.

F- 11

 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for at fair value. The associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded as 
acquisition and integration-related costs; noncontrolling interests, if any, are reflected at fair value at the acquisition date; 
restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expensed; contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the 
acquisition date, with changes in the fair value after the acquisition date affecting earnings; and goodwill is determined as the 
excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The 
accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgments as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired 
business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets 
and liabilities acquired. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on 
management's estimates and assumptions, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the 
actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these estimates, the amounts recorded in the financial statements 
could result in a possible impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill or require acceleration of the amortization expense of 
finite-lived intangible assets. The results of the acquired businesses' operations are included in the consolidated statements of 
operations of the combined entity beginning on the date of acquisition. See Note 4 - Acquisitions.

Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable 
intangible assets of businesses acquired. Other identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are being amortized using the 
straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which have ranged from 5 to 16 years. Goodwill and certain intangible assets 
with indefinite lives are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed for impairment annually at the beginning of the fourth 
quarter, and whenever circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its 
carrying amount.

When reviewed, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that 
the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the 
quantitative testing. If it is determined that a quantitative test is necessary or more efficient than a qualitative approach, the 
Company measures the fair value of its reporting units using a combination of income and market approaches.

The Company performs its annual review on October 1. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, an impairment 
charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value not to exceed the total 
amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the 
carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss is considered, if applicable.

The Company determines its reporting units by identifying its operating segments and any component businesses and aggregates 
the component businesses if they have similar economic characteristics. The Company had the following reporting units that it 
reviewed for impairment: (1) Nurse and Allied Staffing; (2) Physician Staffing; and (3) Search.

Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are 
estimated. However, fair values that could be realized in an actual transaction may have differed from those used to evaluate the 
potential impairment of goodwill.

Long-lived assets and identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are evaluated for impairment. Long-lived assets and definite-
lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may 
not be recoverable.

Recoverability of long-lived assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset group to the future 
undiscounted net cash flow that is expected to be generated by those assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the 
impairment charge recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. 

Any related impairment losses are recognized in earnings and included in the caption impairment charges in the consolidated 
statements of operations. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets.

Debt Discount and Debt Issuance Costs 

Stated discounts on proceeds and other fees reimbursed to lenders were treated as a discount associated with the respective debt 
instrument and presented in the balance sheet as an offset to the carrying amount of the debt. Debt issuance costs associated with 

F- 12

 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

the revolving line-of-credit are presented as an asset, included in other non-current assets in the balance sheet. Discounts are 
amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method, or a method that approximates the effective interest rate 
method, over the expected life of the debt.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company was exposed to interest rate risk due to its outstanding senior secured term loan entered into on August 1, 2017 
with a variable interest rate. As a result, the Company had entered into an interest rate swap agreement to effectively convert a 
portion of its variable interest payments to a fixed rate. The principal objective of the interest rate swap was to eliminate or 
reduce the variability of the cash flows in those interest payments associated with the Company’s long-term debt, thus reducing 
the impact of interest rate changes on future interest payment cash flows. The Company had determined that the interest rate 
swap qualified as a cash flow hedge. As the critical terms of the hedging instrument and the hedged forecasted transaction were 
the same, the Company had concluded that changes in the cash flows attributable to the risk being hedged were expected to 
completely offset at inception and on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement designated 
as a cash flow hedge were recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred taxes, within 
stockholders’ equity and were amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt as the interest payments were 
made. Interest rate swap payments were included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of 
cash flows. The Company terminated its interest rate swap agreement on September 26, 2019. See Note 9 - Derivative.

Sales and Other State Non-income Tax Liabilities

The Company's sales and other state non-income tax filings are subject to routine audits by authorities in the jurisdictions where it 
conducts business in the United States which may result in assessments of additional taxes. The Company accrues sales and other 
state non-income tax liabilities based on the Company’s best estimate of its probable liability utilizing currently available 
information and interpretation of relevant tax regulations. Given the nature of the Company’s business, some subjectivity exists as 
to both whether sales and other state non-income taxes can be assessed on its activity and how the sales tax will ultimately be 
measured by the relevant jurisdictions. The Company makes a determination for each reporting period whether the estimates for 
sales and other non-income taxes in certain states should be revised. The expense is included in selling, general and administrative 
expenses on its consolidated statements of operations and the liability is reflected in sales tax payable within other current 
liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Insurance Claims 

The Company provides workers’ compensation insurance coverage, professional liability coverage, and healthcare benefits for 
eligible employees. The Company records its estimate of the ultimate cost of, and reserves for, workers' compensation and 
professional liability benefits based on actuarial models prepared or reviewed by an independent actuary using the Company’s loss 
history as well as industry statistics. The healthcare insurance accrual is for estimated claims that have occurred but have not been 
reported and is based on the Company’s historical claim submission patterns. Furthermore, in determining its reserves, the 
Company includes reserves for estimated claims incurred but not reported as well as unfavorable claims development.

Under circumstances such as in the Company’s insured professional liability and workers' compensation policies, since a right of 
legal offset does not exist due to the fact that there are three parties to an incurred claim, the insured, the insurer, and the claimant, 
the related liability to the claimant should be classified separately on a gross basis with a separate related receivable from the 
insurer recognized as being due from insurance carriers. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020 reflect the related short-term liabilities in accrued compensation and benefits and the related long-
term liabilities as long-term accrued claims, and the short-term receivable portion as insurance recovery receivable and the long-
term portion as non-current insurance recovery receivable. See Note 7 - Balance Sheet Details. The ultimate cost of workers’ 
compensation, professional liability, and health insurance claims will depend on actual amounts incurred to settle those claims and 
may differ from the amounts reserved by the Company for those claims.

Workers’ compensation benefits are provided under a partially self-insured plan. The Company has letters of credit to guarantee 
payments of claims. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had outstanding approximately $16.7 million and 
$17.0 million, respectively, of standby letters of credit as collateral to secure the self-insured portion of this plan.

F- 13

 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The Company has occurrence-based primary professional liability policies that provide the Company and each working 
professional in its nurse and allied healthcare business with coverage. The Company has a claims-made professional liability policy 
for its physicians and advanced practitioners, with a $0.5 million self-insured retention per claim. At both December 31, 2021 and 
2020, the Company had outstanding $1.5 million of standby letters of credit as collateral to secure reimbursement of expenses 
under the existing plan. 

Subject to certain limitations, the Company also has umbrella liability coverage for its working nurses and allied healthcare 
professionals. While this umbrella coverage does not extend to professional liability claims against its independent contractor 
physicians and advanced practitioners, it does cover claims brought against all of the Company’s subsidiaries for non-patient 
general liability.

Revenue Recognition 

Revenue from the Company’s services is recognized when control of the promised services are transferred to the Company’s 
customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for the service. The Company has 
concluded that transfer of control of its staffing services, which represents the majority of its revenues, occurs over time as the 
services are provided.

The following is a description of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from which the 
Company generates revenue.

Temporary Staffing Revenue

Revenue from temporary staffing is recognized as control of the services is transferred over time and is based on hours worked 
by the Company’s field staff. The Company recognizes the majority of its revenue at the contractual amount the Company has 
the right to invoice for services completed to date. Generally, billing to customers occurs weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly and is 
aligned with the payment of services to the temporary staff. Accounts receivable includes estimated revenue for employees’ and 
independent contractors’ time worked but not yet invoiced. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company's 
estimate of amounts that had been worked but had not been billed totaled $140.0 million and $48.3 million, respectively, and 
are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Services Revenue

The Company offers other optional services to its customers that are transferred over time including: managed service programs 
(MSP) providing agency services (as further described below in Gross Versus Net Policies), recruitment process outsourcing 
(RPO), other outsourcing services, and retained search services, as well as separately billable travel and housing costs, which in 
total amount to less than 5% of its consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Generally, 
billing and payment terms for MSP agency services is consistent with temporary staffing as the customers are similar or the 
same. Revenue from these services are recognized based on the contractual amount for services completed to date which best 
depicts the transfer of control of services. The Company does not, in the ordinary course of business, offer warranties or 
refunds.

Gross Versus Net Policies

The Company records revenue on a gross basis as a principal or on a net basis as an agent depending on the contracted 
arrangement, as follows:

Managed Service Programs

The Company has certain contracts with healthcare facilities to provide comprehensive services through its MSPs. Under these 
contractual arrangements, the customer’s orders are filled with either one of the Company's healthcare professionals or a third 
party's healthcare professionals (subcontractors).

F- 14

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

When its healthcare professional is staffed, the Company determined that it acts as a principal in the arrangement, as it is 
considered the employer of record. Accordingly, revenue is reported on a gross basis in the consolidated statements of 
operations.

Alternatively, the Company determined that it acts as an agent in the arrangement when a subcontracted healthcare professional 
is staffed, as the Company does not control the services before they are transferred to the customer. Accordingly, revenue is 
reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations. The customer is invoiced for the hours worked by the 
subcontracted healthcare professional multiplied by the hourly bill rate. A subcontractor liability, which is recognized as a 
reduction of revenue, is established in accrued expenses for the invoiced amount, net of an administrative fee, and is generally 
payable after the Company has received payment from its customer. The Company’s administrative fee is calculated as a 
percentage of the customer’s invoice and is recognized over time as the services are rendered by the subcontracted healthcare 
professional. The Company does not collect or recognize an upfront placement fee.

Physician Staffing

The Physician Staffing business has contracts with its healthcare customers to provide temporary staffing services. The 
Company uses independent contractors for these services. The Company determined that it acts as a principal in these 
arrangements and, therefore, revenue is reported on a gross basis in the consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 3 - Revenue Recognition for the Company's revenues disaggregated by revenue source. Sales and usage-based taxes 
are excluded from revenue.

Contract Costs

All contract fulfillment costs are expensed as incurred to direct operating expenses. There were no contract assets or material 
contract liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

For the Company’s contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedients and 
has elected to recognize any incremental costs of obtaining these contracts as expensed when incurred. Further, the Company 
does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for: (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year 
or less; and (ii) contracts for which it recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services 
performed. 

Share-Based Compensation

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company granted performance-based stock awards and restricted 
stock for a fixed number of common shares to employees. The Company values its restricted stock awards and the fair value of its 
performance-based stock awards by reference to its stock price on the date of grant. The Company has elected to recognize 
compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award. 

The Company granted performance-based stock awards to certain key personnel pursuant to its 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, 
amended and restated on May 23, 2017 (2017 Plan), and replaced by the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective for awards 
granted after May 19, 2020, as described in Note 15 - Stockholders' Equity. Pursuant to the plans, the number of target shares that 
vest are determined based on the level of attainment of the targets. If a minimum level of performance is attained for the awards, 
restricted stock is issued based on the level of attainment. The Company recognizes performance-based restricted stock as 
compensation expense based on the most likely probability of attaining the prescribed performance and over the requisite service 
period beginning at its grant date and through the date the restricted stock vests.

Compensation expense related to share-based payments is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the 
consolidated statements of operations, and totaled $6.9 million, $5.4 million, and $3.4 million during the years ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. See Note 15 - Stockholders’ Equity.

F- 15

 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Advertising

The Company’s advertising expense consists primarily of online advertising, internet direct marketing, print media, and 
promotional material. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $9.5 million, $6.2 million, and $7.9 million for the 
years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in 
the consolidated statements of operations.

Restructuring Costs

The Company considers restructuring activities to be programs whereby it fundamentally changes its operations, such as closing 
and consolidating facilities, reducing headcount, and realigning operations in response to changing market conditions. As a result, 
restructuring costs on the consolidated statements of operations primarily include employee termination costs and lease-related exit 
costs.

Reconciliations of the employee termination costs and lease-related exit costs beginning and ending liability balance is presented 
below:

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

Employee 
Termination 
Costs

Lease-
Related 
Exit Costs

Employee 
Termination 
Costs

Lease-
Related 
Exit Costs

Employee 
Termination 
Costs

Lease-
Related 
Exit Costs

Balance at beginning of period
Charged to restructuring costs(a)
Payments

Balance at end of period

________________

$ 

$ 

499  $ 

2,687 

$ 

386  $ 

814   

(1,153)  

544 

(808) 

2,525   

(2,412)  

1,223 

2,190 

(726) 

$ 

556  $ 

1,870   

(2,040)  

127 

1,311 

(215) 

160  $ 

2,423 

$ 

499  $ 

2,687 

$ 

386  $ 

1,223 

(a) Aside from what is presented in the table above, restructuring costs in the consolidated statements of operations for the years 
ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 include $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of ongoing lease costs related to the 
Company's strategic reduction in its real estate footprint, and an immaterial amount in 2019, which are included as operating 
lease liabilities - current and non-current in our consolidated balance sheets. Other costs were immaterial for the years ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between the financial reporting and tax basis 
of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are 
expected to reverse.  

The Company recognizes in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being 
sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to 
unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. 

The Company determines the need for a valuation allowance by assessing the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking 
into consideration all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, expectations of future 
taxable income, carryforward periods available to the Company for tax reporting purposes, the evaluation of various income tax 
planning strategies, and other relevant factors. The Company maintains a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not 
that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized based on consideration of all available evidence. Adjustments to 
the deferred tax valuation allowances are made to earnings in the period when such assessments are made. Significant judgment 
is required in making this assessment. See Note 14 - Income Taxes.

F- 16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Total comprehensive income (loss) includes net income or loss, foreign currency translation adjustments, and net change in 
derivative transactions, net of any related deferred taxes and valuation allowance. Certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries 
use their respective local currency as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the 
exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated at the average exchange rates for the 
period. The cumulative impact of currency fluctuations related to the balance sheet translation is included in accumulated other 
comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and was an unrealized loss of $1.3 million at December 
31, 2021 and 2020.

The income tax impact related to components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 
2019 is reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). There was no income tax impact related to 
components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Fair Value Measurements

FASB guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures 
about fair value measurements. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities required to be measured on a recurring basis were 
its: (i) deferred compensation asset and (ii) deferred compensation liability as of December 31, 2021; and additionally (iii) 
contingent consideration liabilities as of December 31, 2020. See Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted 
average number of vested unrestricted common shares outstanding during the period (denominator). Diluted earnings per share 
gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period including stock appreciation rights and 
options and unvested restricted stock, as calculated utilizing the treasury stock method. See Note 16 - Earnings Per Share.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for 
Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in 
Topic 740, and improves consistent application of and simplifies U.S. GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and 
amending existing guidance. The guidance requires either a prospective, retrospective, or modified retrospective approach 
depending on the amendment. The Company prospectively adopted this guidance with no material impact on its consolidated 
financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On October 28, 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets 
and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities such as deferred 
revenue acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in 
accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Generally, this amendment will result in the acquirer 
recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. Historically such amounts 
were recognized by the acquirer at fair value in acquisition accounting. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning 
after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied prospectively 
to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including 
adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating this standard and expects to adopt this 
standard in its first quarter of 2023.

On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of 
Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to 
contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another 
reference rate expected to be discontinued. When elected, the optional expedients for contract modifications must be applied 

F- 17

 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

consistently for all eligible contracts or transactions. On January 7, 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate 
Reform (Topic 848), Scope, to refine the scope of guidance on reference rate reform to apply to derivatives that are affected by 
the discounting transition. The amendments in these updates are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. As 
of December 31, 2021, the Company does not anticipate that this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated 
financial statements; however, it will continue to assess the potential impact on its debt contracts and future hedging 
relationships, if applicable, through the effective period.

3. Revenue Recognition

The Company's revenues from customer contracts are generated from temporary staffing services and other services. Revenue 
is disaggregated by segment in the following table. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Temporary Staffing Services

Other Services

Total

Temporary Staffing Services

Other Services

Total

Temporary Staffing Services

Other Services

Total

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Nurse
And Allied
Staffing

Physician
Staffing

Total Segments

(amounts in thousands)

1,568,974 

$ 

67,843 

$ 

1,636,817 

36,807 

3,028 

39,835 

1,605,781 

$ 

70,871 

$ 

1,676,652 

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Nurse
And Allied
Staffing

Physician
Staffing

Total Segments

(amounts in thousands)

740,441 

$ 

64,819 

$ 

28,042 

3,115 

768,483 

$ 

67,934 

$ 

805,260 

31,157 

836,417 

Year Ended December 31, 2019

Nurse
And Allied
Staffing

Physician
Staffing
(amounts in thousands)

Total Segments

720,393 

$ 

70,261 

$ 

27,226 

4,344 

747,619 

$ 

74,605 

$ 

790,654 

31,570 

822,224 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

________________
In the first quarter of 2021, the Company modified its reportable segments and, as a result, now discloses the following two 
reportable segments - Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing. Other Services in the amount of $10.5 million and 
$14.8 million, respectively, included in the previously-reported Search segment have been reclassified to Nurse and Allied 
Staffing for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. See Note 18 - Segment Data.

F- 18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

4. Acquisitions

Selected

On December 16, 2021, the Company purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of 
Selected, Inc. for a purchase price of $3.5 million in cash, subject to adjustment, and $1.5 million in shares (or 59,429 shares) of 
the Company's common stock. The transaction was treated as a purchase of assets for income tax purposes. The acquisition has 
not been fully integrated as of December 31, 2021.

The sellers are also eligible to receive up to an additional $1.5 million in earnout cash consideration, based on Selected's 
revenues for each of the twelve-month periods ending on the first and second anniversaries of the first day after the closing 
date. The liability of $1.5 million is included in non-current earnout liability on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 11 - 
Fair Value Measurements.

The acquisition of Selected, Inc. primarily consists of a Software as a Service, subscription-based recruiting and talent matching 
platform. The acquisition was not significant and has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Selected's 
results of operations, since the date of acquisition, are included in the Cross Country Education business unit within the Nurse 
and Allied Staffing business segment, and are not material.

The Company has not completed its valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any necessary adjustments will be 
finalized within one year from the date of acquisition. As a result, $6.5 million has been recorded as goodwill on the Company's 
consolidated balance sheet. Associated acquisition-related costs incurred were immaterial and have been included in acquisition 
and integration-related costs on the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. 
See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets.

Cross Country Workforce Solutions Group

On June 8, 2021, the Company purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of 
Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. for a purchase price of $25.0 million in cash and $5.0 million in shares (or 307,730 shares) of 
the Company's common stock. The parties agreed to a final net working capital reduction of $1.1 million which was received in 
the fourth quarter of 2021. The transaction was treated as a purchase of assets for income tax purposes.

F- 19

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

4. Acquisitions (continued)

The sellers are also eligible to receive an earnout based on the business' performance through three years after the acquisition 
date that could provide up to an additional $15.0 million in cash. The current portion of the liability of $7.5 million is included  
in current portion of earnout liability and the non-current portion of $7.5 million is included in non-current earnout liability on 
the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements.

The business has been branded Cross Country Workforce Solutions Group (WSG) and primarily works with local and national 
healthcare systems and managed care providers to coordinate in-home care services for participants. WSG also provides a range 
of consulting and talent management solutions to its healthcare clients, including home care staffing, recruitment process 
outsourcing, contingent workforce evaluation, and talent acquisition.  

The following table is an estimate of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on June 8, 2021:

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Other current assets

Property and equipment

Right-of-use assets

Goodwill

Other intangible assets

Total assets acquired

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Accrued compensation and benefits

Lease liability - current

Lease liability - non-current

Earnout liability

Total liabilities assumed

Net assets acquired

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

$ 

957 

11,991 

59 

10 

1,078 

22,066 

14,200 

50,361 

3,562 

1,387 

316 

762 

15,000 

21,027 

29,334 

The Company assigned a value to other identifiable intangible assets of $14.2 million in customer relationships with a weighted 
average estimated useful life of 11.5 years. Substantially all of the accounts receivable acquired have been collected as of 
December 31, 2021.

The remaining excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $22.1 million was recorded as goodwill on the 
Company's consolidated balance sheet. Associated acquisition-related costs incurred were $1.0 million and have been included 
in acquisition and integration-related costs on the Company's consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 
31, 2021. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets.

The acquisition was not significant and has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. WSG's results of 
operations, since the date of acquisition, are included in the Nurse and Allied Staffing business segment, and are not material. 
The pro-forma impact on the Company's consolidated revenue from services and net income, including the pro forma effect of 
events that are directly attributable to the acquisition, was not significant.

Advantage

Effective July 1, 2017, the Company acquired all of the assets of Advantage RN, LLC and its subsidiaries (collectively, 
Advantage). Included in the amount paid at closing were two escrow accounts, the first was $14.5 million which related to tax 
liabilities and the second was $7.5 million which was to cover any post-close liabilities. On July 28, 2017, $7.3 million related 
to the tax liabilities was released from escrow. On April 3, 2019, $4.3 million related to the tax liabilities was disbursed to pay 

F- 20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

4. Acquisitions (continued)

taxes and the remaining $2.9 million was released from escrow to the seller. In the first quarter of 2019, $7.0 million related to 
the post-close liabilities was released from escrow. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the remaining $0.5 million was released from 
escrow and returned to the buyer.

Mediscan

On October 30, 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the membership interests of New Mediscan II, LLC, 
Mediscan Diagnostic Services, LLC, and Mediscan Nursing Staffing, LLC (collectively Mediscan). In connection with the 
Mediscan acquisition, the Company assumed two contingent purchase price liabilities for a previously acquired business, one 
that was payable annually based on certain performance criteria for the years 2016 through 2019, and a second performance 
criteria related to 2019 payable in three equal installments. Payments related to the years 2016 through 2018 were limited to 
$0.3 million annually and the 2019 year was uncapped. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paid $0.3 
million related to the year 2018. In the first quarter of 2020, the total earnout amount related to both 2019 performance criterion 
of $7.4 million was determined, and the Company paid $0.1 million on the first earnout related to the year 2019. The remaining 
$7.3 million, related to the second earnout, was converted to a subordinated promissory note payable. 

Pursuant to the note payable, the first two installments of $2.4 million each were paid in the second quarter of 2020 and in the 
first quarter of 2021. The third installment of $2.5 million is to be paid, together with interest at a rate of 2% per annum, 
accruing from April 1, 2020, on January 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the note payable balance is included in current 
portion of debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

5. Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets

The Company had the following acquired intangible assets:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

Gross
Carrying
Amount

(amounts in thousands)

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

Intangible assets subject to amortization:

Databases

$ 

30,530  $ 

18,375  $ 

12,155  $ 

30,530  $ 

15,322  $ 

Customer relationships

Non-compete agreements

47,738 

304 

17,581 

272 

30,157 

32 

33,538 

304 

14,007 

212 

15,208 

19,531 

92 

Other intangible assets, net

$ 

78,572  $ 

36,228  $ 

42,344  $ 

64,372  $ 

29,541  $ 

34,831 

Intangible assets not subject to amortization:

Trade names, indefinite-lived

$ 

5,900 

  $ 

5,900 

As of December 31, 2021, estimated annual amortization expense is as follows:

Years Ending December 31:

(amounts in thousands)

2022

2023

2024

2025
2026
Thereafter

$ 

$ 

7,175 

7,117 

6,479 

5,921 
4,751 
10,901 
42,344 

F- 21

                                                        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

5. Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets (continued)

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment are as follows: 

Balances as of December 31, 2020

Aggregate goodwill acquired

Sale of business

Accumulated impairment loss

Goodwill, net of impairment loss

Changes to aggregate goodwill in 2021
Aggregate goodwill acquired (a)

Balances as of December 31, 2021

Aggregate goodwill acquired

Sale of business

Accumulated impairment loss

Goodwill, net of impairment loss

________________

Nurse
And Allied
Staffing

Physician
Staffing

Total

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

367,880  $ 

43,405  $ 

411,285 

(9,889)   

(269,874)   

88,117 

— 

(9,889) 

(40,598)   

(310,472) 

2,807 

90,924 

28,566 

— 

28,566 

396,446 

(9,889)   

(269,874)   

$ 

116,683  $ 

43,405 

— 

(40,598)   

2,807  $ 

439,851 

(9,889) 

(310,472) 

119,490 

(a) Represents goodwill acquired from the acquisitions of WSG and Selected, calculated as the excess of the fair value of 
consideration exchanged as compared to the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. See Note 4 - Acquisitions. During the 
measurement period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the 
assets acquired or liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period, any 
subsequent adjustments would be recorded to earnings.

In conjunction with the changes to its segments, the Company now discloses the following two reportable segments - Nurse and 
Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing. In the table above, goodwill balances and activity previously reported in the Search 
segment have been reclassified to Nurse and Allied Staffing.

Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets Impairment

The Company tests reporting units’ goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment annually during the 
fourth quarter and more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company performs quarterly qualitative assessments of 
significant events and circumstances such as reporting units’ historical and current results, assumptions regarding future 
performance, strategic initiatives and overall economic factors, including COVID, and macro-economic developments, to 
determine the existence of potential indicators of impairment and assess if it is more likely than not that the fair value of 
reporting units or intangible assets is less than their carrying value. If indicators of impairments are identified a quantitative 
impairment test is performed.

The Company performed its annual quantitative impairment test of goodwill and its indefinite-lived trade name as of October 1, 
2021 and determined that the estimated fair value of its reporting units and its indefinite-lived trade name exceeded their 
respective carrying values.

During the second quarter of 2020, due to the increased negative impact and continuing uncertainty of the COVID pandemic on 
the business, all reporting units were quantitatively tested. For the Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing reporting 
units, no impairment was identified as the fair value was substantially in excess of the carrying amount of goodwill.

F- 22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

5. Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets (continued)

However, the previously-reported Search reporting unit under-performed relative to management’s expectations in the second 
quarter of 2020. The lower than expected revenue was driven by: (i) the cancellation or postponement of a significant number 
of working searches, (ii) the decision to delay the hiring of new revenue producers, and (iii) the loss of customers, which were 
mostly related to the negative impacts of COVID. As a result, the Company performed quantitative testing of the Search 
reporting unit which resulted in impairment charges of $10.2 million for its goodwill and $0.3 million for its customer 
relationships.

In order to determine the fair value of the Search reporting unit, the Company used a combination of an income and market 
approach. The weighting was based on the specific characteristics, risks, and uncertainties of the Search reporting unit. The 
discounted cash flow that served as the primary basis for the income approach was based on the Company’s discrete financial 
forecast of revenue, gross profit margins, operating costs, and cash flows. The Company also considered estimated future 
results, economic and market conditions including the timing and duration of COVID, as well as the impact of planned business 
and operational strategies which impacted management's estimates of future cash flows, the discount rate, and the estimated 
long-term growth rate used in the discounted cash flow model. Assumptions used in the market approach were derived 
including an analysis of a range of valuation multiples of comparable public companies.

As part of evolving its go-to-market strategy, in the second quarter of 2019, the Company began eliminating certain brands 
across all of its segments. The Company’s rebranding efforts resulted in a $14.5 million write-off of indefinite-lived trade 
names related to its Nurse and Allied Staffing business segment, which is presented within impairment charges in the 
consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. 

The Company performed its annual quantitative impairment test of goodwill and its indefinite-lived trade name as of October 1, 
2019, and determined that the estimated fair value of its reporting units and its indefinite-lived trade name exceeded their 
respective carrying values.

Although management believes that the Company's current estimates and assumptions utilized in its quantitative testing are 
reasonable and supportable, including its assumptions on the impact and timing related to COVID, there can be no assurance 
that the estimates and assumptions management used for purposes of its qualitative assessment as of December 31, 2021 will 
prove to be accurate predictions of future performance.

For its long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes 
in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the 
Company wrote off a discontinued software development project, resulting in an immaterial impairment charge.

Intangible Asset Amortization

In connection with its rebranding efforts, the Company made a decision at the end of 2019 to phase out a trade name by the end 
of 2020, which as of December 31, 2019 would have been recognized over a weighted average life of 7.5 years. In the second 
quarter of 2020, the Company further accelerated its rebranding plan and shortened the estimated remaining life of the trade 
name. Total accelerated amortization resulting from the changes in the estimated remaining life of the trade name was 
$3.1 million, or $0.09 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2020.

In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2019, the amortization of certain finite-lived trade names was accelerated, 
which resulted in additional amortization expense related to the Company's Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing 
segments of $2.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, which impacted the net income (loss) per share attributable to common 
stockholders of $0.08. If the Company had not accelerated the amortization, it would have been recognized over a weighted 
average life of 7.8 years.

F- 23

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

6. Property and Equipment

The Company's property and equipment consists of the following: 

Computer equipment

Computer software

Office equipment

Furniture and fixtures

Construction in progress

Leasehold improvements

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

_______________

(a) Primarily related to software development.
(b) See Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

December 31,

Useful Lives

2021

2020

(amounts in thousands)

3-5 years

$ 

4,910  $ 

3-10 years

5-7 years

5-7 years

(a) (b)

(b)

18,839 

475 

2,475 

2,523 

4,340 

33,562 

(17,729)   

15,833  $ 

$ 

3,644 

17,416 

933 

2,528 

473 

4,370 

29,364 

(17,013) 

12,351 

F- 24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

7. Balance Sheet Details

Insurance recovery receivable:

Insurance recovery for health claims
Insurance recovery for workers’ compensation claims
Insurance recovery for professional liability claims

Other non-current assets:

Insurance recovery for workers’ compensation claims
Insurance recovery for professional liability claims
Non-current security deposits
Deferred compensation assets
Net debt issuance costs
Finance lease right-of-use assets
Cloud computing asset

Accrued compensation and benefits:

Salaries and payroll taxes
Accrual for bonuses and commissions
Accrual for workers’ compensation claims
Accrual for professional liability claims
Accrual for healthcare claims
Accrual for vacation

Long-term accrued claims:

Accrual for workers’ compensation claims
Accrual for professional liability claims

Other long-term liabilities:

Restructuring
Deferred compensation
Long-term note payable
Long-term unrecognized tax benefits
Other

F- 25

December 31,

2021

2020

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

300  $ 

2,836 
1,905 
5,041  $ 

4,861  $ 
9,137 
672 
1,398 
991 
57 
4,840 
21,956  $ 

39,139  $ 
10,755 
8,394 
2,448 
4,081 
763 
65,580  $ 

11,777  $ 
13,537 
25,314  $ 

1,829  $ 
2,457 
— 
8,994 
508 
13,788  $ 

369 
2,629 
1,700 
4,698 

5,352 
7,763 
786 
1,156 
1,063 
102 
3,187 
19,409 

13,131 
7,705 
7,670 
2,499 
3,926 
609 
35,540 

12,692 
12,720 
25,412 

2,082 
2,475 
2,426 
951 
61 
7,995 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

8. Debt

The Company's long-term debt consists of the following:

Term Loan, interest of 6.50% at December 31, 2021
Senior Secured Asset-Based Loan, interest of 1.60% and 2.73% at 
December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively

Note Payable, interest of 2.00% per annum

Total debt

Less current portion - note payable

Less current portion - term loan

Long-term debt

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Principal

Debt 
Issuance 
Costs

Principal

Debt 
Issuance 
Costs

(amounts in thousands)

$  174,312 

$ 

(5,396) 

$ 

— 

$ 

— 

9,200 

2,426 

(991) 

— 

185,938 

(6,387) 

2,426 

1,750 

— 

— 

53,408 

4,851 

58,259 

2,425 

— 

(1,063) 

— 

(1,063) 

— 

— 

$  181,762 

$ 

(6,387) 

$ 

55,834 

$ 

(1,063) 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the current portion of the note payable and the term loan is included in current portion of 
debt on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has elected to present the debt issuance costs associated with its 
revolving line-of-credit as an asset, which is included in other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. In 
addition, the non-current portion of the note payable as of December 31, 2020 is included in other long-term liabilities on the 
consolidated balance sheets. As a result, the long-term debt in the above table will not agree to long-term debt, net of current 
portion on the consolidated balance sheets herein.

As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate schedule for maturities of debt are as follows:

Through Years Ending December 31:

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Thereafter

Total

Term Loan

Senior Secured 
Asset-Based 
Loan

(amounts in thousands)

Note Payable

$ 

1,750 

$ 

1,750 

1,750 

1,750 

1,750 

165,562 

$ 

— 

— 

9,200 

— 

— 

2,426 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

174,312 

$ 

9,200 

$ 

2,426 

2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement

On June 8, 2021, the Company entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement (Term Loan Agreement) with certain lenders 
identified therein (collectively, the Lenders) and Wilmington Trust, National Association as administrative agent and collateral 
agent, pursuant to which the Lenders extended to the Company a six-year second lien subordinated term loan in the amount of 
$100.0 million (term loan). The term loan has an interest rate of one-month London Inter Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 
5.75% per annum, subject to a 0.75% LIBOR floor. The term loan was used to pay the cash consideration, as well as any costs, 
fees, and expenses in connection with the WSG acquisition (see Note 4 - Acquisition), with the remainder used to pay down a 
portion of the asset based credit facility. Fees paid in connection with the Term Loan Agreement have been included as debt 
issuance costs and as a reduction to the carrying amount of the term loan and are expected to be amortized to interest expense 
over the term of the Term Loan Agreement.

F- 26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

8. Debt (continued)

The borrowings under the Term Loan Agreement generally bear interest at a variable rate based on either LIBOR or Base Rate 
(as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) and are subject to mandatory prepayments of principal payable in quarterly 
installments, commencing on September 30, 2021, with each installment being in the aggregate principal amount of 
$0.3 million (subject to adjustment as a result of prepayments) provided that, to the extent not previously paid, the aggregate 
unpaid principal balance would be due and payable on the maturity date. The Term Loan Agreement contains various 
restrictions and covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including a covenant to maintain a minimum net 
leverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with this covenant as of December 31, 2021. Obligations under the Term Loan 
Agreement are secured by substantially all the assets of the borrowers and guarantors under the Term Loan Agreement, subject 
to customary exceptions.

On November 18, 2021, the Company amended its Term Loan Agreement (Term Loan First Amendment), which provided the 
Company an incremental term loan in an aggregate amount equal to $75.0 million. Additionally, the Term Loan First 
Amendment increased the aggregate amount of all increases (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) to be no greater than 
$115.0 million. The borrowings will be used primarily to fund organic growth. Commencing on December 31, 2021, 
installments of the mandatory prepayments will be in the aggregate principal amount of $0.4 million. All other terms, 
conditions, covenants, and pricing of the Term Loan Agreement remain the same. In conjunction with the Term Loan First 
Amendment, the Company entered into the Term Loan First Amendment to the Intercreditor Agreement, effective as of 
November 18, 2021, which sets forth the lien priority, relative rights, and other creditors’ rights issues in respect of the 
collateral lenders.

The Term Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Term Loan Agreement 
occurs and is continuing, then the administrative agent or the requisite Lenders may declare any outstanding obligations under 
the Term Loan Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, the Company or any of its subsidiaries becoming the 
subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, constitutes an event of default 
under the Term Loan Agreement.

The term loan is secured by a second-priority security interest in the collateral as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement (Loan 
Agreement) (as described below), and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as agent, as amended by the First Amendment, 
Second Amendment, and Third Amendment to the Loan Agreement (as described below). The lien priority, relative rights, and 
other creditors’ rights issues in respect of the collateral lenders are set forth in the Intercreditor Agreement, by and among Wells 
Fargo Bank, National Association, as first lien agent, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as second lien agent, as 
amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms 
thereof dated June 8, 2021 (Intercreditor Agreement).

2019 Loan Agreement

Effective October 25, 2019, the Company terminated its commitments under its prior senior credit facility entered into in 
August 2017 and entered into an Loan Agreement, by and among the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, as 
borrowers or guarantors, Wells Fargo, PNC Bank N.A., as well as other Lenders (as defined) from time to time parties thereto. 
The Loan Agreement provides for a five-year revolving senior secured asset-based credit facility (ABL) in the aggregate 
principal amount of up to $120.0 million (as described below), including a sublimit for swing loans up to $15.0 million and a 
$35.0 million sublimit for standby letters of credit.

On June 30, 2020, the Company amended its Loan Agreement (First Amendment), which increased the current aggregate 
committed size of the ABL from $120.0 million to $130.0 million. All other terms, conditions, covenants, and pricing of the 
Loan Agreement remained the same. 

On March 8, 2021, the Company amended its Loan Agreement (Second Amendment), which increased the current aggregate 
committed size of the ABL from $130.0 million to $150.0 million, increased certain borrowing base sub-limits, and decreased 
both the cash dominion event and financial reporting triggers.

On June 8, 2021, the Company amended its Loan Agreement (Third Amendment), which permits the incurrence of 
indebtedness and grant of security as set forth in the Loan Agreement and in accordance with the Intercreditor Agreement, and 
provides mechanics relating to a transition away from LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate to a replacement alternative 
benchmark rate or mechanism for loans made in U.S. dollars.

F- 27

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

8. Debt (continued)

On November 18, 2021, the Company amended its Loan Agreement (Fourth Amendment), whereby the permitted indebtedness 
(as defined in the Loan Agreement), was increased to $175.0 million.

These amendments were treated as modifications of debt and, as a result, the associated fees and costs were included in debt 
issuance costs and will be amortized ratably over the remaining term of the Loan Agreement.

Availability of the ABL commitments is subject to a borrowing base of up to 85% of secured eligible accounts receivable, 
subject to adjustment at certain quality levels, plus an amount of supplemental availability (as defined by the Loan Agreement), 
reducing over time in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement, minus customary reserves, and subject to customary 
adjustments. Revolving loans and letters of credit issued under the Loan Agreement reduce availability under the ABL on a 
dollar-for-dollar basis. Availability under the ABL will be used for general corporate purposes. At December 31, 2021, 
availability under the ABL was $150.0 million and the Company had $9.2 million of borrowings drawn, as well as $18.2 
million of letters of credit outstanding related to workers' compensation and professional liability policies (see Note 2 - 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies), leaving $122.6 million available for borrowing.

The initial amounts drawn on the ABL included funds to repay the Company’s then outstanding borrowings of $75.4 million 
under its August 2017 Credit Facility and $1.3 million for the payment of fees, expenses, and accrued interest, as well as to 
backstop $21.2 million for outstanding letters of credit. The refinancing was treated as an extinguishment of debt, and, as a 
result, the Company wrote-off debt issuance costs of approximately $1.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, which is 
included with loss on early extinguishment of debt in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2021, the interest rate spreads and fees under the Loan Agreement were based on LIBOR plus 1.50% for 
the revolving portion of the borrowing base and LIBOR plus 4.00% on the Supplemental Availability. The Base Rate (as 
defined by the Loan Agreement) margins would have been 0.50% and 3.00% for the revolving portion and Supplemental 
Availability, respectively. The LIBOR and Base Rate margins are subject to monthly pricing adjustments, pursuant to a pricing 
matrix based on the Company’s excess availability under the revolving credit facility. In addition, the facility is subject to an 
unused line fee, letter of credit fees, and an administrative fee. The unused line fee is 0.375% of the average daily unused 
portion of the revolving credit facility.

The Loan Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including a 
covenant to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with this covenant as of 
December 31, 2021. Obligations under the ABL are secured by substantially all the assets of the borrowers and guarantors, 
subject to customary exceptions.

The Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Loan Agreement occurs and 
remains uncured, then the administrative agent or the requisite lenders may declare any outstanding obligations to be 
immediately due and payable. In addition, if the Company or any of its subsidiaries becomes the subject of voluntary or 
involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Loan 
Agreement will automatically become due and payable.

Prior Senior Credit Facility

The Company had a prior senior credit facility that included a revolver and term loan. The term loan was payable in quarterly 
installments, and the Company had the right at any time to prepay borrowings, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty. 
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company made optional prepayments of $12.5 million on the term loan.

In both the first and third quarters of 2019, the Company amended its prior senior credit facility to reduce the commitment 
under the revolving credit facility, among other changes. Each of the amendments were treated as modifications and the fees of 
$0.7 million paid to its lenders were classified as debt issuance costs.

As a result of the reduction in borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility, as well as the reduction in the term loan 
due to early prepayments, debt issuance costs of $0.5 million were written off in the year ended December 31, 2019. The write-
off of debt issuance costs was included as loss on early extinguishment of debt in the consolidated statements of operations. 

F- 28

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

8. Debt (continued)

In the third quarter of 2019, in contemplation of entering into the Loan Agreement, the Company terminated its interest rate 
swap agreement associated with its prior senior credit facility by making a cash payment of $1.3 million. As the interest 
payments related to the swap were no longer expected to occur, the unrealized amount of loss that had accumulated in other 
comprehensive loss was recognized, resulting in a $1.3 million loss on derivative in the third quarter of 2019. See Note 9 - 
Derivative.

Note Payable

On October 30, 2015, in connection with the Mediscan acquisition, the Company assumed two contingent purchase price 
liabilities for a previously acquired business, one that was payable annually based on certain performance criteria for the years 
2016 through 2019, and a second performance criterion related to 2019 payable in three equal installments. In the first quarter 
of 2020, the total earnout amount related to both 2019 performance criteria of $7.4 million was determined, and the Company 
paid $0.1 million on the first earnout related to the year 2019. The remaining $7.3 million, related to the second earnout, was 
converted to a subordinated promissory note payable.

The first two installments of $2.4 million each were paid in the second quarter of 2020 and in the first quarter of 2021, 
respectively. The third installment of $2.5 million is to be paid, together with interest at a rate of 2% per annum, accruing from 
April 1, 2020, on January 31, 2022. At December 31, 2021, the note payable balance is included in current portion of debt on 
the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 4 - Acquisitions.

9. Derivative

Interest Rate Swap

In March 2018, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement, with an effective date of April 2, 2018 and 
termination date of August 1, 2022. No initial investments were made to enter into the agreement. The interest rate swap 
agreement required the Company to pay a fixed rate to the respective counterparty of 2.627% per annum on an amortizing 
notional amount beginning at $48.8 million (corresponding with the initial term loan payment schedule), and to receive from 
the respective counterparty, interest payments based on the applicable notional amounts and 1 month USD LIBOR, with no 
exchanges of notional amounts. At initiation, the interest rate swap effectively fixed the interest rate on 50% of the amortizing 
balance of the Company’s term debt, exclusive of the credit spread on the debt.

The Company anticipated entering into the asset-based credit facility that closed in October 2019. In contemplation of that, the 
Company terminated its interest rate swap agreement by making a cash payment of $1.3 million on September 26, 2019, which 
is included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As the forecasted interest 
payments related to the swap were no longer expected to occur, the unrealized amount of loss that had accumulated in other 
comprehensive loss was recognized resulting in a $1.3 million loss in the third quarter of 2019, included in loss on derivative in 
the consolidated statements of operations.

10. Leases

The Company's lease population of its right-of-use asset and lease liabilities is substantially related to the rental of office space. 
The Company enters into lease agreements as a lessee that may include options to extend or terminate early. Some of these real 
estate leases require variable payments of property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance, in addition to base rent. 
Certain of the leases have provisions for free rent months during the lease term and/or escalating rent payments and, particularly 
for the Company’s longer-term leases for its corporate offices, it has received incentives to enter into the leases, such as 
receiving up to a specified dollar amount to construct tenant improvements. These leases do not include residual value 
guarantees, covenants, or other restrictions. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, in connection with the continuing developments from COVID, the Company 
expedited restructuring plans and either reduced or fully vacated leased office space. The Company is in the process of seeking 
to sublet some of the space where possible. The decision and change in the use of space resulted in a right-of-use asset 
impairment charge of $1.7 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This loss 

F- 29

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

10. Leases (continued)

was determined by comparing the fair value of the impacted right-of-use assets to the carrying value of the assets as of the 
impairment measurement date. The fair value of the right-of-use assets was based on the estimated sublease income for the 
space taking into consideration the time period it will take to obtain a subtenant, the applicable discount rate, and the sublease 
rate. Similarly, in the third quarter of 2019, the Company ceased use of several facilities which resulted in a right-of-use asset 
impairment charge of $1.2 million, included in impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations. For the years 
ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively, the Company wrote off a total of $0.3 million, $1.0 million, and 
$0.6 million of leasehold improvements and other property and equipment related to these locations. The measurement of the 
right-of-use asset impairments, using the assumptions described, is a Level 3 fair value measurement. See Note 11 - Fair Value 
Measurements for a description of Level 3 inputs.

The table below presents the lease-related assets and liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheets:

Classification on Consolidated Balance Sheets:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Operating lease right-of-use assets (a)
Operating lease liabilities - current (a)
Operating lease liabilities - non-current (a)

Weighted-average remaining lease term

Weighted average discount rate

$ 

$ 

$ 

(amounts in thousands)

7,488 

4,090 

10,853 

$ 

$ 

$ 

10,447 

4,509 

15,234 

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

3.4 years

 6.39 %

4.1 years

 6.32 %

________________
(a) Amounts include lease assets and liabilities related to the eight locations added as part of the acquisition of WSG: operating 
lease right-of-use assets of $0.9 million, operating lease current liabilities of $0.3 million, and operating lease non-current 
liabilities of $0.6 million.

The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of, and total of, the remaining years to the operating lease 
liabilities (which do not include short-term leases) recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021:

Years Ending December 31:

(amounts in thousands)

2022

2023

2024

2025
Total minimum lease payments

Less: amount of lease payments representing interest

Present value of future minimum lease payments

Less: operating lease liabilities - current

Operating lease liabilities - non-current

Other Information

The table below provides information regarding supplemental cash flows:

$ 

$ 

4,913 

5,027 

3,959 

2,762 
16,661 

(1,718) 

14,943 

(4,090) 

10,853 

F- 30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

10. Leases (continued)

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating 
lease liabilities

Right-of-use assets acquired under operating lease

The components of lease expense are as follows:

Amounts Included in Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Operating lease expense

Short-term lease expense

Variable and other lease costs

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

6,150  $ 

1,059  $ 

7,111  $ 

1,587  $ 

7,477 

1,229 

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

3,538  $ 

3,695  $ 

1,957  $ 

4,874  $ 

5,217  $ 

1,919  $ 

6,592 

8,042 

2,446 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Operating lease expense, short-term lease expense, and variable and other lease costs are included in selling, general and 
administrative expenses, direct operating expenses, and restructuring costs in the consolidated statements of operations, 
depending on the nature of the leased asset. Operating lease expense is reported net of sublease income, which is not material.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company does not have any material operating leases which have not yet commenced. The 
Company has an immaterial amount of finance lease contracts related to other equipment rentals which are not included in the 
above disclosures. 

11. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the 
principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the 
measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and 
minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to 
measure fair value:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in 
markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for 
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the 
assets or liabilities.

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

The Company’s financial assets/liabilities required to be measured on a recurring basis were its: (i) deferred compensation asset 
included in other non-current assets; and (ii) deferred compensation liability included in other long-term liabilities on its 
consolidated balance sheets.

F- 31

 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

11. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Deferred compensation—The Company utilizes Level 1 inputs to value its deferred compensation assets and liabilities. The 
Company’s deferred compensation assets and liabilities are measured using publicly available indices, as per the plan 
documents.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis is as follows:

Fair Value Measurements

Financial Assets:

(Level 1)

Deferred compensation asset

Financial Liabilities:

(Level 1)

Deferred compensation liability

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

$ 

1,398 

$ 

1,156 

2,457 

$ 

2,475 

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis:

The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, trade names, other intangible assets, right-of-use assets, and property 
and equipment, are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and are recorded at fair value only when an 
impairment charge is recognized.

The years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 included impairment charges to right-of-use assets along with related 
property and equipment in connection with leases that were vacated during the years. The year ended December 31, 2020 also 
included impairment charges to goodwill and other intangible assets primarily related to the previously-reported Search 
reporting unit. During 2019, the Company recorded impairment charges to trade names related to the Nurse and Allied Staffing 
reporting unit. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, these assets were recorded at fair value using Level 3 inputs. 
See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets and Note 10 - Leases for more information about these fair 
value measurements.

Other Fair Value Disclosures:

Financial instruments not measured or recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets consist of cash and cash 
equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable 
and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their carrying amount due to the short-term nature of these 
instruments. Other financial instruments not measured or recorded at fair value include: (i) note payable, (ii) ABL, (iii) term 
loan, and (iv) and (v) earnout liabilities, as discussed below.

(i) The Company paid the second installment on its note payable in the first quarter of 2021. The remaining balance is included 
in current portion of debt on the consolidated balance sheets. Due to its relatively short-term nature, the carrying value of the 
note payable approximates its fair value. (ii) The carrying amount of the Company's ABL approximates fair value because the 
interest rates are variable and reflective of market rates. (iii) The estimated fair value of the Company's term loan was calculated 
applying an interest rate lattice model using Level 2 inputs from available market information. (iv) Potential earnout payments 
related to the WSG acquisition are contingent upon meeting certain performance requirements based on 2021 through 2023 
performance. The Company performed an analysis using multiple forecasted scenarios to determine the fair value of the earnout 
liability. The earnout liability's carrying amount approximates fair value and is included in current portion of earnout liability 
and non-current earnout liability on the consolidated balance sheets. (v) Potential earnout payments related to the Selected 
acquisition are contingent upon meeting certain performance requirements based on 2022 and 2023 revenues. The earnout 
liability's carrying amount approximates fair value and is included in non-current earnout liability on the consolidated balance 
sheets.

F- 32

 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

11. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of the Company’s significant financial instruments that were not measured at fair 
value are as follows:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Carrying
Amount

Fair
Value

Carrying
Amount

Fair
Value

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,426 

9,200 

174,312 

15,000 

1,500 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,426 

9,200 

174,845 

15,000 

1,500 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,851 

53,408 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,851 

53,408 

— 

— 

— 

Financial Liabilities:

(Level 2)

Note Payable

Senior Secured Asset-Based Loan

Term Loan, net

Earnout Liability (WSG)

Earnout Liability (Selected)

Concentration of Risk:

See discussion of credit losses and allowance for doubtful accounts in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. 
Overall, based on the large number of customers in differing geographic areas, primarily throughout the United States and its 
territories, the Company believes the concentration of credit risk is limited.

12. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company maintains a voluntary defined contribution 401(k) profit-sharing plan covering all eligible employees as defined 
in the plan documents. The plan provides for a discretionary matching contribution, which is equal to a percentage of each 
eligible contributing participant’s elective deferral, which the Company, at its sole discretion, determines from year to year.

Contributions by the Company, net of forfeitures, under this plan were $1.0 million, $0.5 million, and $1.1 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Eligible employees who elect to participate in the plan are generally 
vested in any existing matching contribution after three years of service with the Company.

The Company maintains a 2003 Deferred Compensation Plan and a 2017 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, each an 
unfunded non-qualified deferred compensation arrangement, intended to comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. Under the deferred compensation plans, certain designated key employees may elect to 
defer the receipt of a portion of their annual base salary, bonus and commission to the deferred compensation plans. Generally, 
payments under the deferred compensation plans automatically commence upon a participant’s retirement, termination of 
employment, or death during employment. Under certain circumstances described in the deferred compensation plans, 
participants may receive distributions during employment. In connection with the 2017 Deferred Compensation Plan, the 
Company elected to invest in amounts consistent with the participants' choices of allocations to funds. Participants of the 
deferred compensation plans are the Company’s unsecured general creditors with respect to the deferred compensation plan 
benefits. The liability for the deferred compensation is included in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets 
and was $2.5 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

13. Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is involved in various litigation, claims, investigations, and other proceedings that arise in the 
ordinary course of its business. These matters primarily relate to employee-related matters that include individual and collective 
claims, professional liability, tax, and payroll practices. The Company establishes reserves when available information indicates 
that a loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. These assessments are performed at least 
quarterly and are based on the information available to management at the time and involve significant management judgment 

F- 33

 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

13. Contingencies (continued)

to determine the probability and estimated amount of potential losses, if any. Based on the available information considered in 
its reviews, the Company adjusts its loss contingency accruals and its disclosures as may be required. Actual outcomes or losses 
may differ materially from those estimated by the Company's current assessments, including available insurance recoveries, 
which would impact the Company's profitability. Adverse developments in existing litigation claims or legal proceedings 
involving the Company or new claims could require management to establish or increase litigation reserves or enter into 
unfavorable settlements or satisfy judgments for monetary damages for amounts in excess of current reserves, which could 
adversely affect the Company's financial results. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an agreement
providing for the reimbursement of $1.6 million in legal fees incurred in 2020 and 2021, relating to the grand jury subpoena
previously disclosed in the Company's 2020 Form 10-K. The reimbursement was collected in the fourth quarter of 2021. In the 
second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded $1.6 million in legal settlement charges related to the resolution of a medical 
malpractice lawsuit, as well as a 2019 California wage and hour class action settlement agreement. The Company believes the 
outcome of any outstanding loss contingencies as of December 31, 2021 will not have a material adverse effect on its business, 
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. 

Sales and Other State Non-income Tax Liabilities

The Company's sales and other state non-income tax filings are subject to routine audits by authorities in the jurisdictions where 
it conducts business in the United States which may result in assessments of additional taxes. The Company accrues sales and 
other non-income tax liabilities based on the Company's best estimate of its probable liability utilizing currently available 
information and interpretation of relevant tax regulations. Given the nature of the Company's business, significant subjectivity 
exists as to both whether sales and other state non-income taxes can be assessed on its activity and how the sales tax will 
ultimately be measured by the relevant jurisdictions. The Company makes a determination for each reporting period whether 
the estimates for sales and other non-income taxes in certain states should be revised. The expense is included in selling, 
general and administrative expenses in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and the liability is reflected in 
sales tax payable within other current liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets. 

F- 34

 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

14. Income Taxes

The components of the Company's income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:

United States

Foreign

Income (loss) before income taxes

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

$ 

132,809  $ 

(12,998)  $ 

(24,783) 

399 

668 

572 

133,208  $ 

(12,330)  $ 

(24,211) 

 The components of the Company’s income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

Current:

Federal

State

Foreign

Total

Deferred:

Federal

State

Foreign

Total

$ 

5,165  $ 

25  $ 

5,638 

330 

11,133 

892 

(10,648)   

(171)   

(9,927)   

600 

119 

744 

(138)   

(818)   

24 

(932)   

(188)  $ 

(35) 

499 

109 

573 

17,406 

13,799 

(46) 

31,159 

31,732 

Income tax expense (benefit)

$ 

1,206  $ 

Deferred income taxes reflect the Company's net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  

F- 35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

14. Income Taxes (continued)

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

Deferred Tax Assets:

Accrued other and prepaid expenses

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Intangible assets

Net operating loss carryforwards

Accrued professional liability claims

Accrued workers’ compensation claims

Share-based compensation

Operating lease liabilities

Credit carryforwards

Other

Gross deferred tax assets

Valuation allowance

Deferred Tax Liabilities:

Depreciation

Indefinite-lived intangibles

Operating lease right-of-use assets

Tax on unrepatriated earnings

Other

Net deferred taxes

December 31,

2021

2020

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

237  $ 

1,644 

9,273 

4,112 

1,335 

3,097 

840 

3,790 

41 

505 

24,874 

(20)   

24,854 

(1,515)   

(9,993)   

(1,821)   

(190)   

— 

(13,519)   

11,335  $ 

$ 

1,600 

909 

27,036 

20,536 

1,525 

3,015 

721 

4,871 

188 

— 

60,401 

(37,472) 

22,929 

(1,077) 

(25,546) 

(2,499) 

(361) 

(38) 

(29,521) 

(6,592) 

As of December 31, 2020, the Company determined that it could not sustain a conclusion that it was more likely than not that it 
would realize any of its deferred tax assets resulting from recent losses, the difficulty of forecasting future taxable income, and 
other factors. Due to the historical losses from the Company's operations, it had recorded a valuation allowance on its deferred 
tax assets not more likely than not to be realizable. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company had valuation allowances 
on its deferred tax assets of an immaterial amount and $37.5 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the 
Company recorded a net valuation allowance release of $37.5 million (comprised of $18.4 million related to federal NOLs, 
$7.5 million related to state NOLs, and $11.6 million related to other net deferred tax assets) on the basis of management’s 
reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized.  The valuation allowance on 
certain state NOLs was not released due to the respective expiration periods and specific state taxable income projections.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the 
future realization of deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2021, in part because in the current year the Company achieved 12 
quarters of cumulative pretax income including permanent items in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, management determined 
that there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets are realizable. 
The Company believes it has sustained cumulative profits and accordingly, released the valuation allowances on all deferred tax 
assets but for certain state NOLs due to the respective expiration periods and specific state taxable income projections.  

In arriving at its conclusion to release the valuation allowance effective December 31, 2021, the Company considered several 
positive and negative factors. For the 12 quarters ended December 31, 2021, the Company has $110.3 million in cumulative 
pretax income including permanent items. The Company has a history of utilizing NOLs prior to expiration. Further, the 

F- 36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

14. Income Taxes (continued)

Company is forecasting positive pretax book income which is expected to exceed the reversal of its future tax deductions, 
further proving future estimates of taxable income. The growth estimates are tied to the growing demand for healthcare 
solutions for the Company's customers, including a growing aging U.S. population, and its customers’ pressure to keep costs 
down by using the Company's staffing solutions. With regard to negative evidence, the Company does not have any material 
taxable temporary differences to offset deductible temporary differences and does not have any taxable income available for 
carryback to offset NOLs. As such, the primary focus of its analysis emphasized the 12-quarter cumulative pretax income 
analysis and projections of future taxable income.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company utilized 100 percent of the federal net operating loss. The Company had approximately 
$72.4 million of state net operating loss carryforwards, and an immaterial amount of foreign net operating loss carryforwards. 
The NOLs expire as follows: state between 2022 and 2040 and foreign between 2022 and 2026. As a result of the 2017 Tax 
Act, certain state NOLs generated in 2020, 2019, and 2018 carry forward indefinitely.  

The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:

Tax at U.S. statutory rate

State taxes, net of federal benefit

Noncontrolling interest
Non-deductible items(a)
Foreign tax expense (benefit)

Valuation allowances

Uncertain tax positions

Officers' compensation

Return to provision

Other

Income tax expense (benefit)

________________

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

27,974  $ 

(2,589)  $ 

(5,084) 

8,573 

(5)   

550 

76 

(37,450)   

1,891 

344 

44 

(791)   

1,206  $ 

$ 

135 

(172)   

544 

1 

117 

1,110 

621 

87 

(42)   

(554) 

(372) 

562 

(58) 

36,224 

400 

418 

2 

194 

(188)  $ 

31,732 

(a) Includes non-deductible meals and incidentals and other miscellaneous non-deductible items.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 

Balance at January 1 

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year

Additions (reductions) based on tax positions related to prior years

Reductions as a result of a lapse of applicable statute of limitations

Other

Balance at December 31

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

6,891  $ 

5,792  $ 

1,873 

— 

(47)   

462 

974 

125 

— 

— 

5,412 

1,283 

(498) 

(405) 

— 

$ 

9,179  $ 

6,891  $ 

5,792 

There were no short-term unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021, 2020, or 2019. Long-term unrecognized tax 
benefits are included in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and were $9.0 million, $1.0 million, and 
$0.7 million as of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. See Note 7 - Balance Sheet Details. As of December 31, 

F- 37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

14. Income Taxes (continued)

2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized, of 
$8.6 million, $7.1 million, and $6.0 million, respectively.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. During 
the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, interest and penalties were immaterial. The Company has accrued $0.4 
million for the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2021, and $0.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Tax 
years 2012 through 2021 remain open to examination by certain taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject to tax.

An unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net 
operating loss carryforward if such carryforward would offset the disallowance of the tax position. As a result of the 
Company’s utilization of its federal net operating loss carryforward and a material amount of state net operating loss 
carryforwards, the Company reclassified $8.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits from deferred tax assets to long-term 
liabilities in the year ended December 31, 2021. Further, the Company reclassified $0.5 million, representing the federal benefit 
of state unrecognized tax benefits, in the tabular rollforward from unrecognized tax benefits to deferred tax assets.

F- 38

 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

15. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchase Program

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. 
As of December 31, 2021, the Company has 510,004 shares of common stock under the current share repurchase program 
available to repurchase, subject to certain conditions in the Company's Loan Agreement and Term Loan Agreement. The 
Company may repurchase up to an aggregate amount not to exceed $5.0 million pursuant to its Loan Agreement, and 
$5.5 million pursuant to its Term Loan Agreement, in any fiscal year, or an unlimited amount if the Company meets certain 
conditions as described in each of the agreements.

Share-Based Payments

On May 19, 2020, the Company's stockholders approved the Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan 
(2020 Plan), which replaced the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2017 Plan), and applies to awards granted after May 19, 2020. 
The remaining shares available for grant under the 2017 Plan were cancelled and no further awards will be granted under that 
plan. The 2020 Plan generally mirrors the terms of the 2017 Plan and includes the following provisions: (i) an aggregate share 
reserve of 3,000,000 shares; (2) annual dollar and share limits of awards granted to employees and consultants, as well as non-
employee directors, based on type of award; (3) awards granted generally will be subject to a minimum one-year vesting 
schedule; and (4) awards may be granted under the 2020 Plan until March 24, 2030.

The Company's 2017 Plan and 2020 Plan (Plans) provide for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted 
stock, performance shares, and performance-based cash awards that may be granted with the intent to comply with the 
“performance-based compensation” exception under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, and other stock-based 
awards, all as defined by the Plans, to eligible employees, consultants and non-employee Directors. The Plans include Section 
162(m) performance goals so that certain incentive awards granted to certain executive officers of the Company may qualify as 
exempt performance-based compensation. However, Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code updated in conjunction with 
the 2017 Tax Act in November 2018 limits a publicly-held corporation’s federal tax deduction for compensation paid to 
“covered employees” to $1.0 million per year, for non-performance and performance shares.

Restricted stock awards granted under the Company’s Plans entitle the holder to receive, at the end of a vesting period, a 
specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock. Share-based compensation expense is measured by the market 
value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. The shares vest ratably over a three year period ending on the anniversary 
date of the grant, and vesting is subject to the employee's continuing employment. There is no partial vesting and any unvested 
portion is forfeited. Pursuant to the Plans, the number of target shares that are issued for performance-based stock awards are 
determined based on the level of attainment of the targets. 

The following table summarizes restricted stock awards and performance stock awards activity issued under the Plans for the 
year ended December 31, 2021:

Unvested restricted stock awards, January 1, 2021

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Unvested restricted stock awards, December 31, 2021

Restricted Stock Awards

Performance Stock Awards

Number of
Shares

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

Number of 
Target 
Shares

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

1,345,819  $ 

483,900  $ 
(653,758)  $ 
(136,506)  $ 
1,039,455  $ 

7.04 

13.32 
7.22 
7.73 
9.75 

548,151  $ 

168,324  $ 
—  $ 
(194,309)  $ 
522,166  $ 

7.64 

12.69 
— 
9.32 
8.64 

F- 39

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

15. Stockholders' Equity (continued)

Awards granted to non-employee directors under the 2017 Plan prior to the adoption of the 2020 Plan, vest in three equal 
installments on the first, second, and third anniversaries of the grant date, while restricted shares granted under the 2020 Plan on 
and subsequent to June 2020 will vest on the first anniversary of such grant date, or earlier subject to retirement eligibility. In 
addition, effective in the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company implemented modified guidelines that provide for 
accelerated vesting of restricted stock grants on the last date of service when a retirement-eligible director retires.

On March 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company awarded performance stock awards totaling 160,416, 286,415, and 192,939, 
respectively. The Company awarded an additional 7,908 performance stock awards in the second quarter of 2021. If the 
minimum level of performance is attained for the 2021, 2020, and 2019 awards, restricted stock will be issued with a vesting 
date of the third anniversary of such grant date. The level of attainment will be certified within 30 days of the vest date. During 
the first quarter of 2021, it was determined that the performance stock awards that were granted in 2018 were not earned and, 
accordingly, those shares were forfeited.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $6.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to 
non-vested restricted stock awards which may be adjusted for future changes in forfeitures. The Company expects to recognize 
such cost over a weighted average period of 1.48 years. The fair value of shares vested was approximately $8.9 million,  
$2.7 million, and $2.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $2.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to 
performance stock awards which may be adjusted for future changes in forfeitures. The Company expects to recognize such 
cost over a weighted average period of 1.28 years, the remaining service period. No shares vested for the years ended December 
31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company did not issue stock options or stock appreciation 
rights. The following table represents information about stock options and stock appreciation rights exercised in each year. 

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

Total intrinsic value of options exercised

$ 

—  $ 

1  $ 

130 

The stock appreciation rights could only be settled with stock or cash, at the discretion of the Committee. The stock 
appreciation rights vested 25% per year over a 4 year period and expired after 7 years. The Company’s policy was to issue new 
shares from its authorized but unissued balance of common stock outstanding or shares of common stock reacquired by the 
Company if stock appreciation rights were settled with stock.

The Company recorded compensation expense for stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of 
grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Due to the adoption of the 2014 Plan (previously titled the 2007 Stock 
Incentive Plan), no further grants have been issued under the Company’s 1999 Plans referred to below.

F- 40

 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

16. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the components of the numerator and denominator for the computation of the basic and diluted 
earnings per share:

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Numerator:

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders - Basic and Diluted

$ 

132,002  $ 

(12,962)  $ 

(57,713) 

Denominator:

Weighted average common shares - Basic

36,689 

36,088 

35,815 

Effective of diluted shares:

Share-based awards

Weighted average common shares - Diluted

Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders - Basic

Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders - Diluted

703 

37,392 

— 

36,088 

— 

35,815 

$ 

$ 

3.60  $ 

(0.36)  $ 

(1.61) 

3.53  $ 

(0.36)  $ 

(1.61) 

For the years 2020 and 2019, no tax benefits were assumed for the potentially dilutive shares due to the Company's net 
operating loss position.

The following table represents the securities that could potentially dilute net income per share attributable to common 
stockholders in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to common 
stockholders because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.

Share-based awards

17. Related Party Transactions

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

6 

663 

335 

Prior to December 31, 2020, the Company had a 68% ownership interest in Cross Country Talent Acquisition Group, LLC, a 
joint venture between the Company and a hospital system. The Company generated revenue providing staffing services to the 
hospital system of $16.0 million and $25.0 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively, with no activity in 2021. At December 31, 
2020, the Company had a receivable balance of $1.7 million and a payable balance of $0.2 million, with no such balances as of 
December 31, 2021. Effective December 31, 2020, the sole professional staffing services agreement held by its joint venture 
was terminated, at which time the Company entered into a direct staffing agreement with the hospital system. The Company                     
dissolved Cross Country Talent Acquisition Group, LLC during the third quarter of 2021.

The Company has entered into an arrangement for digital marketing services provided by a firm that is related to Mr. Clark, the 
Company's Co-Founder & Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Clark is a minority shareholder in the firm's parent company and is a 
member of the parent company's Board of Directors. Management believes the terms of the arrangement are equivalent to those 
prevailing in an arm's-length transaction and have been approved by the Company through its related party process. The digital 
marketing firm manages a limited number of digital publishers covering various Company brands for a monthly management 
fee. In 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company incurred an immaterial amount in expenses related to these fees. The Company had 
an immaterial payable balance at December 31, 2021 and no payable balance at December 31, 2020.

F- 41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

17. Related Party Transactions (continued)

The Company has provided services to entities affiliated with certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors, which it 
believes were conducted on terms equivalent to those prevailing in an arm's-length transaction. Revenue related to these 
transactions was $0.7 million in 2021, and an immaterial amount in both 2020 and 2019. Accounts receivable due from these 
entities was an immaterial amount at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

As a result of the WSG acquisition on June 8, 2021, the Company continues to rent WSG's headquarters. The Chief Executive 
Officer and Founder of WSG, and currently a business unit president with the Company, is an agent of the lessor. The lease 
term is from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024. The Company paid an immaterial amount in rent expense for these 
premises for the year ended December 31, 2021, and had no payable balance at December 31, 2021.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into a note payable of $7.3 million related to contingent consideration 
assumed as part of a prior period acquisition, payable in three equal installments. The payees of the note are controlled by an 
employee of the sellers who remained with the Company. The first two installments have been paid, leaving a note payable 
balance of $2.5 million and accrued interest of $0.1 million at December 31, 2021. See Note 4 - Acquisitions.

18. Segment Data

In the first quarter of 2021, the Company modified its disclosures of reportable segments to better align with its management 
structure and to reflect how the operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. As a result, the 
two reportable segments are now Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing, and the results of the previously-reported 
Search segment have been consolidated within Nurse and Allied Staffing for all periods presented. The Company’s segments 
offer services to its customers as described below: 

•

•

Nurse and Allied Staffing - Nurse and Allied Staffing provides traditional staffing, recruiting, and value-added total 
talent solutions including: temporary and permanent placement of travel and local nurse and allied professionals, MSP 
services, education healthcare services, in-home care services, and outsourcing services. In addition, Nurse and Allied 
Staffing provides retained search services for healthcare professionals, as well as contingent search and recruitment 
process outsourcing services. Its clients include: public and private acute-care and non-acute care hospitals, 
government facilities, local and national healthcare plans, managed care providers, public schools and charter schools, 
outpatient clinics, ambulatory care facilities, physician practice groups, and many other healthcare providers 
throughout the United States.

Physician Staffing - Physician Staffing provides physicians in many specialties, as well as certified registered nurse 
anesthetists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants as independent contractors on temporary assignments 
throughout the United States at various healthcare facilities, such as acute and non-acute care facilities, medical group 
practices, government facilities, and managed care organizations.

The Company evaluates performance of each segment primarily based on revenue and contribution income. The Company 
defines contribution income as income (loss) from operations before depreciation and amortization, acquisition and integration-
related costs, restructuring costs, legal settlement charges, impairment charges, and corporate overhead. Contribution income is 
a financial measure used by the Company when assessing segment performance. The Company does not evaluate, manage, or 
measure performance of segments using asset information; accordingly, total asset information by segment is not prepared or 
disclosed. The information in the following table is derived from the segments’ internal financial information as used for 
corporate management purposes. Certain corporate expenses are not allocated to and/or among the operating segments.

F- 42

 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

18. Segment Data (continued)

Information on operating segments and a reconciliation to income (loss) from operations for the periods indicated are as 
follows:

Revenues from services:

Nurse and Allied Staffing

Physician Staffing

Contribution income:

Nurse and Allied Staffing

Physician Staffing

Corporate overhead(a)
Depreciation and amortization

Acquisition and integration-related costs

Restructuring costs

Legal settlement charges

Impairment charges

Income (loss) from operations

_______________

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

(amounts in thousands)

1,605,781  $ 

768,483  $ 

70,871 

67,934 

1,676,652  $ 

836,417  $ 

747,619 

74,605 

822,224 

205,738  $ 

74,169  $ 

4,328 

210,066 

55,142 

9,852 

1,068 

2,630 

— 

2,070 

3,619 

77,788 

51,900 

12,671 

77 

6,052 

— 

16,248 

$ 

139,304  $ 

(9,160)  $ 

63,530 

2,758 

66,288 

46,246 

14,075 

201 

3,571 

1,600 

16,306 

(15,711) 

(a) Corporate overhead includes unallocated executive leadership and other centralized corporate functional support costs such 
as finance, IT, legal, human resources, and marketing, as well as public company expenses and corporate-wide projects 
(initiatives).

As a result of modifying the Company's reportable segments, revenue in the amount of $10.5 million and $14.8 million, 
respectively, and contribution loss in the amount of $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, included in the previously-
reported Search segment have been reclassified to Nurse and Allied Staffing for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

F- 43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

19. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following tables contain selected unaudited statements of operations information for each quarter of 2021 and 2020. The 
following information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the 
periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. 

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

2021
Revenue from services
Gross profit(a)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders - Basic(b)
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders - Diluted(b)

2020
Revenue from services
Gross profit(a)
Consolidated net (loss) income
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders - Basic and Diluted(b)

________________

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
$  329,241  $  331,827  $  374,905  $  640,679 
  147,150 
77,573 
2.10 
2.07 

0.54  $ 
0.53  $ 

0.32  $ 
0.31  $ 

0.63  $ 
0.62  $ 

72,590 
11,548 

83,794 
23,433 

71,465 
19,448 

$ 
$ 

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
$  210,064  $  216,779  $  193,968  $  215,606 
54,392 
4,822 
4,612 
0.13 

49,603 
(1,768) 
(2,089) 
(0.06)  $ 

50,734 
(14,048) 
(14,151) 

48,003 
(1,148) 
(1,334) 

(0.39)  $ 

(0.04)  $ 

$ 

(a) Excludes depreciation and amortization.
(b) The sum of the quarterly per share amounts may not equal amounts reported for year-to-date due to the effects of rounding                       
and changes in the number of weighted average shares outstanding used in the calculation.

The following items are the most significant items that impact the comparability and presentation of our consolidated data:

•

•

•

•

•

During the second quarter of 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of  $1.9 million related to ceasing use 
of certain leased properties. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company recorded impairment charges of 
$10.5 million related to goodwill and other intangible assets of the Search business, and during the second and third 
quarters, recorded $4.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, related to ceasing use of certain leased properties. See 
Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets and Note 10 - Leases.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company accelerated certain finite-lived trade names as part of a 
rebranding strategy. This resulted in additional amortization expense of $0.7 million, $1.4 million, and $0.9 million, 
respectively, related to the Nurse and Allied Staffing segment recorded in the first three quarters of 2020.
On December 16, 2021, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of 
Selected, Inc. and on June 8, 2021, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain 
liabilities of Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. The acquisitions were not material and have been accounted for using 
the acquisition method. The results of the acquisitions' operations have been included in the consolidated statements 
of operations from their dates of acquisition. See Note 4 - Acquisitions.
The Company incurred restructuring costs primarily comprised of employee termination costs, lease-related exit 
costs, and reorganization costs as part of planned cost savings initiatives. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company 
recorded expenses of $1.2 million, recorded expenses in the second quarter of $0.8 million, and recorded immaterial 
expenses in the third and fourth quarter. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded expenses of $0.6 million, 
recorded expenses in the second and third quarters of $2.3 million, and recorded expenses of $0.9 million in the 
fourth quarter.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into an agreement for the reimbursement of $1.6 million in 
legal fees incurred in 2020 and 2021, which were collected in the fourth quarter of 2021, related to a previously-
disclosed grand jury subpoena. During the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2020, the Company recorded legal 

F- 44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2021

19. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (continued)

fees related to an ongoing legal matter outside the normal course of operations of $1.6 million, $0.8 million, and 
$0.6 million, respectively.
In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company benefited from a $37.5 million reversal of valuation allowance on its net 
deferred tax assets. See Note 14 - Income Taxes.

•

F- 45

 
CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2020, AND 2019

Schedule II

Balance at
Beginning
of Period

Charged to 
(Released 
from) 
Operations

Write-Offs, 
Net of 
Recoveries

Other
Changes

Balance at
End
of Period

(amounts in thousands)

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,021 

3,219 

3,705 

37,472 

37,345 

1,189 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

6,499 

4,269 

3,243 

(37,449) 

118 

36,224 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(3,639)  (a) $ 

(3,467)  (a) $ 

(3,729)  (a) $ 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

— 

— 

— 

(3) 

9 

(68) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

6,881 

4,021 

3,219 

20 

37,472 

37,345 

Allowances for Accounts Receivable

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Year Ended December 31, 2019

Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax 
Assets

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Year Ended December 31, 2019

________________

(a) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.

II- 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES

Exhibit 21.1

Subsidiary
Assignment America, LLC
Cejka Search, LLC
Credent Verification and Licensing Services, LLC
Cross Country Holdco (Cyprus) Limited 
Cross Country Infotech, Pvt. Ltd.
Cross Country Tech, LLC
Cross Country Staffing, Inc.
Medical Doctor Associates, LLC
New Mediscan II, LLC
OWS, LLC
Travel Staff, LLC

Place of Incorporation

  Delaware
  Delaware
  Delaware
  Cyprus
India
Delaware
  Delaware
  Delaware
California
Delaware
Delaware

 
 
 
 
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Exhibit 23.1

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-145484, 333-188519, 333-196639, 
333-218557 and 333-238719 on Form S-8 of our report dated February 28, 2022, relating to the consolidated financial 
statements of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and 
subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2021. 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boca Raton, Florida
February 28, 2022 

I, Kevin C. Clark, certify that:

CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 

in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting 
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period 
in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred 

during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or 
persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, 
summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: February 28, 2022

/s/ Kevin C. Clark
Kevin C. Clark
Co-Founder & Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

 
 
 
I, William J. Burns, certify that:

CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.2

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 

in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting 
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period 
in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred 

during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control 
over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or 
persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, 
summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: February 28, 2022

/s/ William J. Burns
William J. Burns
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (the Company) 
for the year ended December 31, 2021, (the "Periodic Report"), I, Kevin C. Clark, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of 
the Company, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 
of 2002, that to my knowledge the Periodic Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material 
respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Exhibit 32.1

Date:  February 28, 2022

/s/ Kevin C. Clark
Kevin C. Clark
Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

The foregoing certification is provided solely for purposes of complying with the provisions of Section 906 of the 

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (the 
"Company") for the year ended December 31, 2021, (the "Periodic Report"), I, William J. Burns, Executive Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge the Periodic Report fully complies with the requirements of 
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Periodic Report fairly 
presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Exhibit 32.2

Date: February 28, 2022

/s/ William J. Burns
William J. Burns
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

The foregoing certification is provided solely for purposes of complying with the provisions of Section 906 of the 

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 
 
 
 
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

W. Larry Cash (a)(b)(c) 
Retired President, 
Financial Services and 
Chief Financial Officer 
Community Health 
Systems

Kevin C. Clark 
Co-Founder and  
Chief Executive Officer  
Cross Country 
Healthcare, Inc.

Thomas C. Dircks (d)  
Managing Director  
Charterhouse Strategic 
Partners

Gale Fitzgerald (a)(e) 
Retired Principal  
TranSpend, Inc.

Darrell S. Freeman, 
Sr. (a)(b)
Executive Managing 
Director  
Zycron

Janice E. Nevin,  
M.D., MPH (a)(e)- 
Chief Executive Officer  
ChristianaCara  
Health System

Mark Perlberg, JD (b)(e) 
Managing Director  
Nautic Partners

Joseph A. Trunfio, 
PhD (b)(e) 
Retired President and 
Chief Executive Officer  
Atlantic Health System

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. 
6551 Park of Commerce Blvd. 
Boca Raton, FL 33487 
Phone: (561) 998-2232  |  CrossCountryHealthcare.com

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information concerning our corporate governance practices, including 
our  Code  of  Conduct,  Code  of  Ethics,  Committee  Charters,  and 
Certification  of  Financial  Statements,  is  available  on  our  corporate 
website  at  crosscountryhealthcare.com.  We  also  have  established 
a  toll-free  phone  number  and  an  email  address  for  stockholders  to 
communicate with our Board of Directors. All such communications will 
be forwarded directly to the appropriate party, as applicable.

GOVERNANCE HOTLINE: (800) 354-7197
GOVERNANCE EMAIL: governance@crosscountry.com

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Information  concerning  forward-looking  statements  can  be  found  on 
page 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 
31, 2021, as well as in quarterly and other reports to be filed by us.

STOCKHOLDER INQUIRIES

News  releases,  U.S.  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (SEC) 
filings,  annual  reports,  corporate  governance  matters  and  additional 
information  about  Cross  Country  Healthcare  are  available  on  our 
corporate investor relations website: ir.crosscountryhealthcare.com at 
no cost. Certain exhibits in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 
31,  2021  are  not  included  as  part  of  this  Annual  Report  but  can  be 
obtained by referencing this website or the sec.gov website. Current 
and  prospective  investors  can  also  register  to  automatically  receive 
our press releases, SEC filings and other notices by email. Information 
about the Company can also be obtained by writing or contacting:

William J. Burns, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Phone: (561) 237-2555  |  (800) 347-2264  |  Email: ir@crosscountry.com

EXECUTIVES

Kevin C. Clark 
Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Susan E. Ball, JD, MBA, RN 
Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer,  
General Counsel and Secretary 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

William J. Burns, MBA, CPA 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, 
Principal Accounting Officer 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Pamela K. Jung 
President 
Cross Country Workforce Solutions Group

Marc Krug 
Division President, Nurse and Allied 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

John A. Martins 
Group President, Delivery 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Colin P. McDonald, MS 
Chief Human Resources Officer 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Karen Mote 
President, Locum Tenens 
Cross Country Locums 

Phillip Noe 
Chief Information Officer 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Gerald Purgay 
Chief Marketing Officer 
Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Mihal Spiegel 
President, Education 
Cross Country Education 

Buffy S. White 
Group President, Workforce Solutions 

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

TRANSFER AGENT

Regular Mail: 
Computershare 
P.O. Box 50500 
Louisville, KY 40233 

Phone: (877) 219-7066

Overnight Courier Services: 
Computershare 
462 South 4th Street 
Suite 1600 
Louisville, KY 40202

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Deloitte & Touche LLP 
1800 North Military Trail, Suite 200 

Boca Raton, FL 33431

STOCK LISTINGS

Our common stock trades under the symbol “CCRN” on the Nasdaq Global 
Select Market, a market tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market®. Our common stock 

commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market on October 25, 2001.

(a) Member of the Audit Committee (b) Member of the Compensation Committee (c) Lead Director (d) Chairman of the Board (e) Member of the Governance & Nominating Committee

6 5 5 1   P A R K   O F   C O M M E R C E   B LV D   |   B O C A   R A T O N ,   F L   3 3 4 8 7   |   8 0 0 . 3 4 7. 2 2 6 4   |   C R O S S C O U N T R Y H E A LT H C A R E . C O M