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Daimler AG

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FY2019 Annual Report · Daimler AG
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Annual Report 2019

Key Figures

Daimler Group

€ amounts in millions

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Revenue

172,745

167,362

+3 1 

Investment in property, plant and equipment

Research and development expenditure

Free cash flow of the industrial business

EBIT

Net profit

Earnings per share (in €)

Dividend per share (in €)

Employees (December 31)

7,199

9,662

1,368

4,329

2,709

2.22

0.90

7,534

9,107

2,898

11,132

7,582

6.78

3.25

298,655

298,683

-4

+6

-53

-61

-64

-67

-72

-0

1  Adjusted for the effects of currency translation, revenue increased by 2%.

Cover photo
VISION EQS provides a preview of future large electric 
luxury sedans. With this vehicle, Mercedes-Benz is 
making a clear statement for the continued appeal of 
high-quality vehicles and self-determined driving. We 
are convinced that perfect craftsmanship, emotive 
design, luxurious materials and individual driving plea-
sure will remain desirable in the future. Because the 
idea of luxury – today and in the future – stands above 
all for personal freedom. With the VISION EQS technol-
ogy carrier, Mercedes-Benz is focusing on a completely 
new, fully variable battery-electric drive platform. It is 
scalable in many respects and can be used across 
many models. Thanks to the modular system, wheel-
base and track width as well as all other system com-
ponents, especially the batteries, are variable and thus 
suitable for a broad range of vehicle concepts. 

Daimler’s Divisions >

The Divisions and Brands 

€ amounts in millions 

Mercedes-Benz Cars
Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property, plant and equipment

Research and development expenditure  
  thereof capitalized

Unit sales

Employees (December 31)

Daimler Trucks
Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property, plant and equipment

Research and development expenditure  
  thereof capitalized 

Unit sales

Employees (December 31) 

Mercedes-Benz Vans
Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property, plant and equipment

Research and development expenditure  
  thereof capitalized

Unit sales

Employees (December 31) 

Daimler Buses
Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property, plant and equipment

Research and development expenditure  
  thereof capitalized

Unit sales

Employees (December 31) 

Daimler Mobility
Revenue

EBIT

Return on equity (in %)

New business

Contract volume

Investment in property, plant and equipment

Employees (December 31)

2019

2018

2017

19/18

% change

93,877

3,359

3.6

5,629

7,518 
2,904

93,103

7,216

7.8

5,684

6,962 
2,269

94,3511
8,8431
9.41
4,843

6,642 
2,388

2,385,432

152,048

2,382,791
151,3162

2,373,527

142,666

40,235

2,463

6.1

971

1,490 
53

488,521

83,437

14,801

-3,085

-20.8

240

543 
96

438,386

21,346

38,273

2,753

7.2

1,105

1,295 
40

517,335
82,6762

13,626

312

2.3

468

666 
176

421,401
21,8102

4,733

4,529

283

6.0

134

203 
23

32,612

17,960

28,646

2,140

15.3

74,377

162,843

87

12,680

265

5.9

144

199 
41

30,888
17,7292

26,269

1,384

11.1

71,927

154,072

64

14,070

35,7551
2,3831
6.7

1,028

1,322 
45

470,705

79,483

13,1611
1,1471
8.71
710

565 
310

401,025

25,255

4,5241
2811
6.21
94

194 
30

28,676

18,292

24,5301, 3
1,970

17.7 

70,721

139,907

43

13,012

+1

-53

.

-1

+8 
+28

+0

+0

+5

-11

.

-12

+15 
+33

-6

+1

+9

.

.

-49

-18 
-45

+4

-2

+5

+7

.

-7

+2 
-44

+6

+1

+9

+55

.

+3

+6

+36

-10

1  The amounts have been adjusted due to first-time adoption of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9.  

Further information is provided in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.   

2  Adjustment of the number of employees in 2018 due to changes in the Group‘s internal allocation of employees. 
3  At the Daimler Financial Services segment, the Group’s internal revenue and cost of sales have been adjusted by the same amount.  

These adjustments have been fully eliminated in the reconciliation.

Our Brands

Daimler AG is one of the world’s most successful automotive companies.  
With its Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans, Daimler Trucks & Buses and Daimler Mobility  
divisions, the Group is one of the leading global suppliers of premium cars and one 
of the world’s largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles. Daimler Mobility offers  
financing,leasing, fleet management, investments, credit card and insurance brokerage,  
as well as innovative mobility services. For more information: w daimler.com 

Daimler is on the move.

We are moving so that in the future we can continue to move 
the world as a leading provider of sustainable mobility.  
In everything we do, we focus on our customers’ wishes.

–   Through a sustainable business strategy that is based on  
integrity and compliance and focuses on people and the  
conservation of our natural resources.

–   Through profitable growth that safeguards our investments  

in the future of mobility.

–   Through a new corporate structure that makes us more  
flexible and brings our business operations closer to our  
customers.

–   And through a corporate culture that creates free space 

for creative ideas and reinforces our company’s innovative 
strength. 

That’s the foundation of our success. And that’s why we  
offer outstanding prospects to our investors, partners, and  
employees as well.

SUSTAINABLE

Our strategy  
for the future

Sustainable mobility products and services, CO2 reduction, and cutbacks 
in our use of resources are highly topical social policy demands — and  
at Daimler they are key elements of our new sustainable business strategy. 
We accept responsibility for the economic, environmental, and social 
effects of our business operations, with the goal of creating value over 
the long term for all of our stakeholders. 

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     5

SUSTAINABLE

That’s why Daimler is pressing ahead with sustainable solutions for individ-
ual mobility and the transportation of tomorrow. We’re taking this course 
so that we can stay on track for success in the future as well. Accordingly, 
six sustainability-related themes complement our traditional strategy areas. 
The spectrum ranges from climate protection and maintaining air quality to 
resource conservation, livable cities and traffic safety, the responsible use 
of data, and the promotion of human rights along the value chain.

ELECTRIFIED

Our electric 
drives in  
all segments

CO2-neutral mobility is our commitment and our challenge. To supple-
ment its combustion engine vehicles, today Daimler already offers an 
extensive portfolio of electrically powered cars, vans, trucks, and buses, 
as well as complementary mobility services. We are massively expanding 
this range of products and services and making it even more attractive, 
with increased profitability, comfort, and driving pleasure, longer ranges, 
and an optimized charging infrastructure.

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     7

ELECTRIFIED

The path to emission-free mobility is clearly defined in all of our business 
divisions. After the production launch of our EQ technology brand, we want 
to continue expanding our range of battery-electric cars and hybrid vehicles, 
as well as our battery production, step by step. Our van unit is also sys-
tematically electrifying its model range. And we are forging ahead with the 
comprehensive electrification of our truck and bus brands. The fuel cell also 
continues to be part of our Group-wide drive system strategy.

INDIVIDUAL

Our exclusive  
mobility has  
potential

Building the world’s best vehicles and thrilling customers with sustain-
able luxury — that’s what energizes us. We believe that our customers, 
especially those in the premium segment, still want to own private 
vehicles. That’s why individual mobility will remain a central principle  
of Daimler’s business operations in the foreseeable future. In parallel,  
we will fulfill the growing need for flexible mobility on demand by offering 
innovative usage models. 

INDIVIDUAL

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     9

That’s why we are expanding our range of premium cars. This market will con-
tinue to grow in the medium and long terms, with the luxury segment expected 
to expand faster than the other segments. China and the rest of Asia will pri-
marily lead this growth, but the increasing prosperity of Europe and the United 
States will also play a role. We intend to take full advantage of this potential 
through our fascinating premium vehicles of the Mercedes-Benz brand, the 
performance brand Mercedes-AMG, and the Mercedes-Maybach luxury brand.

AUTONOMOUS

Our pioneering 
work on auto-
mated trucks

Automated vehicles offer wide-ranging opportunities for society and 
business. For example, in the future highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) 
can enhance traffic safety, efficiency, and productivity. This technological 
leap will enable Hub2Hub operations, primarily on US highways. The fully 
automated connection between logistics centers is a promising business 
model for US freight companies — and for Daimler Trucks.

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     11

AUTONOMOUS

That’s why we’re intensifying our efforts in the area of automated driving.  
In the Daimler Trucks Autonomous Technology Group we consolidate global 
expertise and activities related to autonomous trucks as we steadily 
approach series production. For this purpose we have acquired a majority 
interest in Torc Robotics, a pioneering company in the field of autonomous 
driving systems. Together, we are already developing and testing this Level 4 
technology on highways in the United States.

DIGITAL

Our claim to  
leadership in the 
digital world

At our company, intelligently networked products and processes are the 
levers ensuring continued customer orientation, profitability, and efficiency. 
Digital platforms and virtual assistants are increasingly becoming part of 
work environments and daily lives — including those of our customers. Digital 
products and services are therefore a central interface with our customers. 
Daimler will continue to intensively press forward with digitalization, with the 
goal of maintaining our position as a leading vehicle manufacturer. 

DIGITAL

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     13

Through its digital services, Daimler is creating tangible value added for its 
customers in all of its business divisions. In the process, Daimler’s own offers 
can be seamlessly integrated with external services. Our own operating 
systems give us optimal access to customers. We intend to use this access to 
make sure that customer and vehicle data is handled responsibly.

FASCINATING

Our focus is on 
our customers

With the sustainable modern luxury of our premium cars, we aim to thrill and 
win over customers — all over the world. In the latest “Best Global Brands 2019” 
ranking of the Interbrand consulting firm, Mercedes-Benz is the world’s  
Number One premium brand in the automobile sector and one of the world’s 
most valuable brands. In order to keep Daimler in the lead, we are particularly 
strengthening the emotional connection with our customers and aligning 
ourselves even more closely with their wishes — by offering a fascinating, 
future-oriented portfolio of cars, vans, trucks, buses, and mobility services. 

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     15

FASCINATING

We address our customers’ varied needs and possibilities by offering them customized 
products and services. Outstanding customer experiences and customer utility are  
always our top priorities. We offer special Mercedes-Benz moments and technologies 
that spark emotions in our private car drivers and support the success of our com-
mercial customers. Our customer focus is also reinforced by our organization in three 
independent units — Mercedes-Benz AG, Daimler Truck AG, and Daimler Mobility AG.

PROFITABLE

Our goal:  
boosting our  
performance

Profitability is the key to long-term success. And individual mobility 
and transportation will continue to be Daimler’s growth drivers over 
the long term. At the same time, we are positioning ourselves with  
a clear-cut strategy for the transformation of the automotive industry: 
through investments in electric mobility, digital platforms, autonomous 
driving, and new services. This is necessary, but it will initially put 
pressure on our financial results.

PROFITABLE

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     17

Nonetheless, we’re focusing on our goal and we want to continue being 
profitable in the future. That’s why we’re counteracting the pressure  
by means of comprehensive cost reduction and efficiency-enhancing 
measures in all areas of the company. This is the only way that Daimler 
can once again earn attractive returns in the medium term and fulfill 
the high expectations of its investors, business partners, and employees.

GROWTH

Our presence  
in important  
markets

Daimler is pursuing the aim of reinforcing and expanding its leading positions 
in all of its business divisions. Through sales of our premium cars, we want 
to participate in the continuously growing luxury segment in Asia as well 
as the United States and Europe. China is not only the world’s biggest car 
market but also a significant market for new technologies and an important 
purchasing market. We plan to continue growing in China together with our 
local partners and to intensify our cooperation with them. 

GROWTH

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     19

In all other segments as well, Daimler is setting its course for further regional growth. 
The van unit plans to grow in North America in particular, and Daimler Trucks aims 
to expand in Europe, NAFTA, Japan, and Latin America. As the market leader in our 
most important traditional core markets for buses with a gross vehicle weight over 
eight tons, we want to safeguard the market position and develop our business in the 
NAFTA region. Our leasing, financing, and insurance services support these growth 
strategies by promoting our customers’ loyalty and their connection with Daimler.

COOPERATIVE

Maximizing  
our power

Throughout the Group, we are creating pioneering solutions that will shape  
the individual mobility and transportation of tomorrow. In the future, addi-
tional crucial factors for developing the best products will be optimal access 
to new technologies, global expertise, and the efficient use of capital. In 
some situations, cooperation with partners will be a key factor for Daimler 
and for the entire automotive industry — enabling faster market launches  
and the profitable application of technically complex innovations. 

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     21

COOPERATIVE

For example, Daimler and BMW are pooling valuable know-how and resources in the  
development of driving assistance systems, automated driving functions on highways,  
and automated parking functions of the next technology generation, as well as in the 
YOUR NOW joint venture for mobility services. Together with our Chinese joint venture 
partner Geely, we are developing our smart cars into an all-electric fleet. And in our 
joint venture IONITY, we are expanding the comfortable and digitally payable high-power 
charging network for electric vehicles on European highways.

CULTURE

We are driving 
the new era of 
mobility

Daimler relies on the strong motivation of its workforce and promotes its 
diversity and integrity. That’s because tolerance, openness, trust, and fair-
ness make globally operating work teams strong. Integrity is a fundamental 
value of our corporate culture, not only in dynamically changing times. It’s 
a compass for all of our employees. In addition, our compliance systems for 
data and technologies offer support and orientation as we develop innova-
tive products and services.

CULTURE

DAIMLER | MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM     23

To speed up its pace of innovation, Daimler is implementing new leadership 
principles and working methods through the Leadership 20X program.  
And with initiatives such as Lab1886 and the Startup Autobahn we can put new 
business models into practice even faster than before. We are also enabling 
our employees to use the options offered by digitalization and implement 
digital solutions faster. Our state-of-the-art office environments support their 
agile cooperation through connectivity, communication, and collaboration.

A

Contents

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A | To Our Shareholders 

Ten Questions for the CEO and CFO 
The Board of Management 
Report of the Supervisory Board 
The Supervisory Board 
Highlights of 2019 
Daimler and the Capital Market 
Objectives and Strategy 

24

26
32
34
40
42
48
52

B | Combined Management Report 

58

60

65
70
77
86

Corporate Profile 
Economic Conditions and Business  
Development 
Profitability 
Liquidity and Capital Resources 
Financial Position 
Daimler AG  
89
(condensed version according to HGB) 
Sustainability and Integrity  
93
Overall Assessment of the Economic Situation  106
107
Events after the reporting period 
Remuneration Report 
108
Takeover-Relevant Information  
and Explanation 
Risk and Opportunity Report 
Outlook 

132
135
150

D | Corporate Governance 

Report of the Audit Committee 
Declaration on Corporate Governance,  
Corporate Governance Report 

E | Non-Financial Report 

Sustainability at Daimler 
Environmental Issues 
Employee Issues 
Social Issues 
Integrity and Compliance  
Statement on the Review of the  
Non-Financial Report 

F |  Consolidated Financial  

Statements 

Consolidated Statement of Income 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive  
Income/Loss 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows  
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial  
Statements 

C | The Divisions 

Mercedes-Benz Cars  
Daimler Trucks 
Mercedes-Benz Vans  
Daimler Buses 
Daimler Mobility 

156

158
166
171
174
177

G | Further Information 

Responsibility Statement 
Independent Auditor’s Report 
Ten-Year Summary 
Glossary 
Index 
Daimler Worldwide 

Information guidance system

  Refers to an illustration or a table in the Annual Report 

 w  Refers to additional information on the Internet 
 E   Cross-reference to additional information within the Annual Report 

180

182

185

196

198
200
203
208
211

220

222

224

225
226
227
228

230

328

330
331
340
342
343
344

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTERVIEW

Ten Questions for 
the CEO and CFO 

Ola Källenius and Harald Wilhelm  
on the 2019 finanicial year and Daimler’s 
sustainable business strategy 

“2019 was a challenging 
year in many ways. 
But it was also a year in 
which we set our course 
for a sustainable future.”

Ola Källenius 
Chairman of the Board of Management (CEO), 
Chairman of the Board of Management  
of Mercedes-Benz AG
(on the right) 

Harald Wilhelm 
Finance & Controlling (CFO), 
Daimler Mobility 
(on the left)

INTERVIEW

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | INTERVIEW  27

28  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | INTERVIEW

How would you summarize the 2019 financial year?

Ola Källenius: Last year shows us that the transforma-
tion is in full swing at Daimler. We have set the course 
for the decade – and taken the first important steps. 
Overall, 2019 was marked by material adjustments and 
a stable core business. We were able to maintain the 
Group’s unit sales at the strong prior-year level. But 
2019 was challenging for Daimler in financial terms. 

Harald Wilhelm: We cannot be satisfied with the devel-
opment of EBIT and free cash flow in the past year, even 
though they include a number of special items. The 
transformation that the Group and the entire automo-
tive industry are going through is also reflected in our 
figures. The transition to CO2-neutral mobility involves 
high investments and initially higher product costs. But 
the changes ahead of us also open up many opportu-
nities, and we intend to make the most of them. We 
have clearly defined a roadmap to ensure the required 
financial strength.

What were your highlights last year?

Ola Källenius: For me, first of all the products. At 
Mercedes-Benz, we set standards with new compact 
cars and SUVs. In addition, the market launch of the 
EQC, the launch of numerous new plug-in hybrids and 
our presence at the Frankfurt Motor Show: Our way 
forward is sustainable modern luxury. We also made 
progress with the electrification of our trucks, vans and 
buses. The latest example of that is the start of series 
production of the eSprinter. Electrification is a key 
element of our sustainable business strategy, which we 
formulated in 2019. It promises sustainable action in a 
wide range of areas – from CO2 reductions and compli-
ance with environmental regulations to data protection 
and respect for human rights.

Harald Wilhelm: In addition to these business 
highlights, it was above all exciting to get to know the 
company after I started at Daimler last year. I gained a 
positive impression: We not only have strong products, 
we also have a very committed team. That’s why I’m 
convinced that we will achieve what we have set out 
to do.

What does that mean for Mercedes-Benz in terms 
of climate protection?

Ola Källenius: We have defined those goals under the 
heading of “Ambition 2039.” In ten years’ time, we aim 
to achieve more than half of our car unit sales with 
plug-in hybrids or all-electric vehicles. By 2039, our 
new car fleet is to be CO2-neutral. In the coming years, 
the focus will be on battery electric drive. But it’s not 
possible today to predict with certainty the technology 
that will best serve the customer needs of tomorrow 
and the day after. We therefore remain open for all 
types of drive systems. Our production is also gradually 

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | INTERVIEW  29

becoming CO2-neutral. Our holistic approach also  
includes the recycling of raw materials, so we are 
evolving from the value chain and towards a value  
cycle. In addition, we are promoting sustainability 
among our business partners and suppliers,  
for example through new contract-award criteria.

Commercial vehicles constitute an important 
part of Daimler’s business. What does our path  
to sustainable transportation look like?

Ola Källenius: We are already a pioneer for electric 
mobility with our trucks, vans and buses. In less than 
two years, we will have battery-electric modes in our 
portfolio in all our core regions. They will be followed 
by series-produced vehicles with hydrogen drive by 
the end of the 2020s. And by 2039, we intend to offer 
CO2-neutral new vehicles in all segments in our major 
markets. Our goal is CO2-neutral transportation by 
2050. But even in many years’ time, electric trucks  
and buses will still cost more than diesel models.  
A supportive framework is needed to make electric 
mobility more lucrative also for commercial customers.

Looking ahead, what are the biggest challenges  
for Daimler?

Ola Källenius: In the medium to long term, we anti-
cipate a positive growth trend in the automotive  
markets. At the same time, we experience high volatil-
ity in the geopolitical and macro-political environment 
on a daily basis. So we have to be able to react quickly 
and in the best possible way. But we are in a good 
position to help shape a lot of these developments. We 
have worked out a systematic product plan to comply 
with CO2 regulations in Europe. For future technologies 
and business models, the customer requirement will 
remain a core aspect. And we have introduced mea-
sures to safeguard our profitability during the transition 
to climate-neutral mobility. 

How exactly is efficiency to be increased  
at Daimler?

Harald Wilhelm: Our cost structure has to be im-
proved sustainably. That’s why everything is being  
put to the test. We want to reduce material costs  
significantly. Personnel costs are to be reduced by  
1.4 billion euros by 2022. And we are also going to 
make savings in administrative costs. At the same  
time, we are systematically prioritizing our invest-
ments. In the longer term, for example, we are  
reducing the complexity of our vehicle architectures, 
reviewing our product portfolio and focusing on the 
most profitable technologies. The key factor here is 
speed. We want to achieve tangible effects as soon  
as possible.

30  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | INTERVIEW

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | INTERVIEW  31

What does the future of mobility look like for 
Daimler? 

Ola Källenius: Our business model will be based on 
vehicles that enable individual mobility in a sustainable 
way. Making one’s own Mercedes even more attractive 
with a whole range of services. Digitization and con-
nectivity will open up many opportunities for us. China 
is a key seismograph for new trends also in this area.

Harald Wilhelm: We are making customers’ access 
to our vehicles even easier and more convenient, from 
digital purchasing to flexible use, offering mobility 
“from years to minutes” for example. Our mobility 
services are one component of all this. In this area, we 
joined forces with BMW last year. Now it’s a matter of 
continuing our growth and making our business sus-
tainably profitable, and we will prioritize our resources 
for this purpose. 

And what do the next steps for autonomous driving 
look like?

Ola Källenius: It’s important to deliver applications 
that are attractive for our customers and profitable for 
us. With cars, the focus is initially on automated driving 
for certain distances on highways. We are therefore 
joining forces with partners, which will enable us to 
share costs and accelerate innovation. With fully auto-
mated driving, we see the most promising applications 
first for trucks – to be followed by cars.

Which attitude is needed to implement all of these 
targets successfully?

Ola Källenius: We need courage and determination, 
openness and enthusiasm. All our colleagues are 
involved in determining how we work together. We have 
significantly developed our corporate culture in recent 
years, and we want to build on that.

What plans do you have for the coming years?

Harald Wilhelm: To justify the trust that our share-
holders place in us. We will do everything in our power 
to deliver what we have promised: high financial 
strength through sustainable efficiency.

Ola Källenius: There are many good reasons to look 
ahead with confidence. Demand for mobility is increas-
ing. We will continue utilizing this growth potential. We 
have everything it takes – strong brands and products, 
the best minds and the right strategy.

BOARD OF MANAGEMENT

Hubertus Troska | 59
Greater China, 
appointed until December 2025

Wilfried Porth | 61
Human Resources and Director  
of Labor Relations, 
Mercedes-Benz Vans, 
appointed until April 2022

Britta Seeger | 50
Mercedes-Benz Cars Marketing  
and Sales, 
appointed until December 2024

Martin Daum | 60
Daimler Trucks & Buses,
Chairman of the Board of  
Management of Daimler Truck AG,
appointed until February 2022

We aim to achieve 
CO2-neutral, flexible and digitized 
production at all our plants.

BOARD OF MANAGEMENT

Renata Jungo Brüngger | 58 
Integrity and Legal Affairs, 
appointed until December 2023

Ola Källenius | 50
Chairman of the Board of Manage-
ment, Chairman of the Board of 
Management of Mercedes-Benz AG,
appointed until May 2024

Harald Wilhelm | 53
Finance & Controlling, 
Daimler Mobility, 
appointed until March 2022

Markus Schäfer | 54
Group Research & 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Development,
appointed until May 2024

Factory 56 is one of the world’s most advanced automobile production facilities. The  
new assembly hall at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Sindelfingen uses energy from renewable 
sources and was planned to be CO2-neutral right from the start. This car factory of the 
future applies innovative technologies and processes in the production of our vehicles and 
creates a modern working environment that takes individual needs into account.

34  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | REPORT OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

Report of the Supervisory Board

Dear Shareholders, Mobility and the automotive industry are changing fundamentally. The three 
main technological areas of activity – electrification, automation and connectivity – are accompa-
nied by new mobility services, regulations for decarbonization and traffic reduction, and global 
trade conflicts. Daimler aims to shape this transformation in a sustainable manner and to assume 
social, economic and environmental responsibility. With a consistent commitment to CO2-neutral 
mobility, the company is setting the course for a successful future.

Supervisory and advisory activities of the Supervisory 
Board
The Supervisory Board of Daimler AG fully performed its tasks 
as defined by the law, the Company’s Articles of Incorporation 
and its own rules of procedure once again in the year 2019. 
The Supervisory Board continually advised and supervised the 
Board of Management in the management of the Company and 
provided support with strategically important issues relating to 
the Group’s further development.

The Supervisory Board examined whether the annual company 
and consolidated financial statements, the combined manage-
ment report and other financial reporting, as well as the non-
financial report for Daimler AG and the Daimler Group, were in 
conformance with the applicable requirements.

In addition, it approved numerous business matters for which its 
consent was required following careful reviews and consulta-
tions. As well as the finance and investment planning, this also 
included cooperation plans, major equity measures at compa-
nies of the Group, associated companies and joint ventures, 
and the conclusion of contracts with particular importance for 
the Group. The Board of Management informed the Supervi-
sory Board about a large number of further measures and busi-
ness transactions, and discussed them with it intensively and 
in detail, such as the measures for implementation of the new, 
sustainable business strategy including “Ambition 2039,” in 
which the Group expresses its commitment to CO2-neutral 
mobility. Finally, the Board of Management regularly reported 
to the Supervisory Board on the current status of implementa-
tion of “Project Future” for the further development of the cor-
porate structure at Daimler.

The Board of Management regularly informed the Supervisory 
Board about all significant economic developments of the 
Group and the divisions. It continually provided information to 
it on all fundamental questions of corporate planning, including 
finance, investment, sales and personnel planning, current 
developments at the companies of the Group, the development 
of revenue, the situation of the Company and the divisions, and 
the economic and political environment, as well as on the cur-

rent status and assessment of significant legal proceedings. 
Furthermore, the Board of Management reported to the Super-
visory Board continually on return on equity and the Group’s 
liquidity situation, the development of sales and procurement 
markets, the overall economic situation, and developments in 
the capital markets and the area of financial services. Addi-
tional topics included the further development of the product 
portfolio, securing the Group’s long-term competitiveness, and 
the ongoing implementation of measures for safeguarding sus-
tainable and future-oriented mobility. The Supervisory Board 
also dealt in detail with the shareholder structure, the develop-
ment of the share price and the related background, and the 
expected impact of strategic projects on the share price.

Working culture and areas of Supervisory Board activity
In the year 2019, the Supervisory Board convened for eight 
meetings. Participation in the meetings by the members of the 
Supervisory Board was at a high level once again. During the 
year under review, all members of the Supervisory Board par-
ticipated in significantly more than half of the meetings of the 
Supervisory Board and of its committees of which they are 
members. The work of the Supervisory Board featured open 
and intensive exchanges of information and opinions. The 
members of the Supervisory Board regularly prepared for 
upcoming resolutions with the aid of documentation provided 
in advance by the Board of Management. Furthermore, the 
members representing the employees and the members repre-
senting the shareholders regularly prepared the Supervisory 
Board meetings in separate discussions, which were also 
attended by members of the Board of Management. The Super-
visory Board was also intensively supported by its committees. 
In the meetings of the Supervisory Board, its members dis-
cussed the measures and business matters to be decided upon 
in detail with the Board of Management. Executive sessions 
were regularly arranged for the meetings so that topics could 
be discussed also in the absence of the Board of Management.

Outside the regular meetings, the Supervisory Board was 
informed about special events. In addition, the members of the 
Supervisory Board and of the Board of Management came 
together for bilateral exchanges of opinions. The Board of Man-

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | REPORT OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD  35

Dr. Manfred Bischoff, Chairman of the Supervisory Board

agement informed the Supervisory Board also with written 
reports about the most important indicators of business devel-
opment and existing risks.

The members of the Supervisory Board independently attend 
such courses of training and further training regarded as neces-
sary for the performance of their tasks, relating for example to 
changes in the legal framework and new, future-oriented tech-
nologies, in which they are supported by the Company. In a 
special onboarding program, new members of the Supervisory 
Board have the opportunity to meet the members of the Board 
of Management and senior executives with specialist responsi-
bility for a bilateral exchange of opinions and information on 
fundamental and current topics of the various Board of Man-
agement areas, allowing them to gain an overview of the topics 
relevant to the Daimler Group and of its governance structure.

Board decided to reappoint Britta Seeger as a member of the 
Board of Management of Daimler AG with responsibility for 
“Mercedes-Benz Cars Marketing and Sales for a further five 
years as of January 1, 2020. Subsequently, it dealt with the 
annual company financial statements, the annual consolidated 
financial statements and the combined management report for 
Daimler AG and the Daimler Group for the year 2018, each of 
which had been issued with an unqualified audit opinion by the 
external auditors, as well as with the reports of the Audit Com-
mittee and the Supervisory Board, the declaration on corporate 
governance combined with the corporate governance report, 
the remuneration report, the nonfinancial report, which was 
issued with the independent auditor’s limited assurance in 
accordance with ISAE 3000, and the proposal on the appropri-
ation of profit. In preparation, the members of the Supervisory 
Board had been provided with comprehensive documentation.

In its meeting on February 5, 2019, which was attended by the 
external auditors, the Supervisory Board discussed, took note 
of and approved the preliminary key figures of the annual com-
pany and consolidated financial statements for 2018 and the 
dividend proposal to be made at the 2019 Annual Sharehold-
ers’ Meeting. The Supervisory Board determined that no objec-
tions were to be raised to their publication. The preliminary key 
figures for the year 2018 and the proposal on the appropriation 
of profit were announced at the Annual Press Conference on 
February 6, 2019.

In the Supervisory Board meeting held on February 13, 2019, 
the Supervisory Board decided to appoint Harald Wilhelm as a 
member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG for a 
period of three years as of April 1, 2019. Bodo Uebber stepped 
down from the Board of Management of Daimler AG with effect 
as of the end of the 2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. At 
that time, Harald Wilhelm took over Board of Management 
responsibility for “Finance & Controlling/Daimler Financial 
Services,” which is now called “Finance & Controlling/Daimler 
Mobility” in line with the renaming of “Daimler Financial Ser-
vices” as “Daimler Mobility.” Furthermore, the Supervisory 

The Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board dealt with 
those documents in detail and discussed them intensively in 
the presence of the independent auditors. The independent 
auditors reported on the results of their audit and on the key 
audit matters and the respective audit procedure including the 
conclusions drawn, as well as on the voluntary review of the 
non-financial report within the framework of a limited assurance 
engagement, and were available to answer questions and to 
provide further information. Following the final results of the 
review by the Audit Committee and its own review, the Super-
visory Board declared its agreement with the results of the 
audit carried out by the external auditors. It determined that 
no objections were to be raised, approved the financial state-
ments and the combined management report as presented 
by the Board of Management, and thus adopted the financial 
statements of Daimler AG for the year 2018. On this basis, 
the Supervisory Board consented to the proposal made by the 
Board of Management on the appropriation of distributable 
profit. In addition, the Supervisory Board approved the non-
financial report, the report of the Supervisory Board, the cor-
porate government statement combined with the corporate 
governance report, and the remuneration report.

36  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | REPORT OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

Also in its meeting on February 13, 2019, the Supervisory 
Board discussed the results of the efficiency review carried out 
in 2018, which once again confirm the professional, very good 
and very trusting cooperation within the Supervisory Board 
and with the Board of Management. There was no fundamental 
need for change, but individual suggestions were made and 
implemented. The Supervisory Board also dealt with matters 
pertaining to the remuneration of the members of the Board of 
Management and, in connection with the item of the agenda 
on corporate governance, approved the memberships of other 
boards and further external secondary activities of the mem-
bers of the Board of Management that were presented in the 
meeting. In addition, the Supervisory Board discussed the sta-
tus of the spin-off documentation required to strengthen the 
divisional structure by forming legally independent entities in 
the context of “Project Future.” Finally, the Supervisory Board 
received detailed reports on current legal issues, among other 
things with regard to the antitrust proceedings of the European 
Commission against three German car manufacturers con-
cerning possible restrictions of competition with exhaust-gas 
cleaning technologies, as well as with regard to requests for 
information, inquiries, investigations, administrative orders and 
proceedings relating to diesel exhaust emissions.

In its meeting on March 22, 2019, the Supervisory Board 
approved a number of measures for which its consent was 
required. These included in particular a cooperation project 
between Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (Geely Holding) and 
Daimler to further develop smart as a leading brand for electric 
mobility, as well as the acquisition of a majority interest in the 
US company Torc Robotics, a pioneer in the field of autonomous 
driving. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board again dealt in detail 
with the spin-off documentation for “Project Future” that was to 
be submitted to the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting and was 
informed about the further development of the Group-wide code 
of conduct in the context of an integrity update. Finally, the 
Supervisory Board approved its proposed resolutions on the 
items of the agenda for the 2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting.

The Supervisory Board convened for another meeting in late 
April 2019. One focus of this meeting was dealing with the sus-
tainable business strategy, in particular “Ambition 2039”, 
which was presented by the Board of Management. The Super-
visory Board was also informed about the status of the HERE 
cooperation and the battery-cell strategy. Finally, the Supervi-
sory Board also dealt with current legal issues and with compli-
ance measures in this context, especially relating to the 
requests for information, inquiries, investigations, administra-
tive orders and proceedings relating to diesel exhaust emis-
sions. In addition, the Supervisory Board was informed about 
the statement of objections from the European Commission 
concerning possible restrictions of competition with exhaust-
gas cleaning technologies and the results of the ongoing inves-
tigation of this case by an independent law firm. It also dealt 
with the question of whether, in connection with the concluded 
antitrust investigations of truck manufacturers by the Euro-
pean Commission, claims for compensation were to be made 
against former or current members of the Board of Manage-
ment. On the basis of the reviews carried out so far and repeat-
edly updated by an independent law firm, a further review by 
an independent legal academic, as well as detailed discussions 
in the Supervisory Board taking into account the welfare of the 
Company, the Supervisory Board maintained its previous reso-
lution, based on the information available, that no such claims 
were to be made at the present time.

At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on May 22, 2019, 
the candidates proposed by the Supervisory Board, Joe Kaeser 
and Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder, were reelected as members of 
the Supervisory Board representing the shareholders. In the 
Supervisory Board meeting held straight after the Annual Share-
holders’ Meeting, the members of the Supervisory Board rep-
resenting the shareholders reelected Joe Kaeser as a member 
of the Audit Committee. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board 
decided to have a voluntary review conducted of the contents 
of the 2019 non-financial report by KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprü-
fungsgesellschaft, Berlin, within the framework of a limited 
assurance engagement.

In a meeting in late July 2019, the Supervisory Board approved 
a series of capital measures at Group companies and resolved 
to amend its rules of procedure for the start of the new corpo-
rate structure at the beginning of November 2019. In addition, 
the Supervisory Board discussed in detail with the Board of 
Management the course of business and the results of the first 
half of the year, in which there had been two adjustments of 
the earnings guidance for the full year. The Supervisory Board 
also received detailed reports on current legal issues, includ-
ing requests for information, inquiries, investigations, adminis-
trative orders and proceedings relating to diesel exhaust emis-
sions, including the proceedings of the Stuttgart District 
Attorney's Office. Against the backdrop of the complexity of 
the emissions- and antitrust related proceedings and with 
regard to the efficient organization of the Supervisory Board’s 
work, the Supervisory Board resolved to establish a Supervi-
sory Board Committee for Legal Affairs until further notice. 
This committee coordinates the exercise of the rights and 
duties of the Supervisory Board with regard to the aforemen-
tioned legal issues, prepares the resolutions of the Supervisory 
Board and makes appropriate recommendations for resolu-
tions. The committee consists of six members elected by the 
members of the Supervisory Board by a majority of the votes 
cast and is composed on a parity basis. The members of the 
committee elect a committee chairman and a deputy commit-
tee chairman from among their number. The chairman of the 
committee is Dr. Clemens Börsig and its deputy chairman is 
Michael Brecht. Other members of the committee are Dr. Man-
fred Bischoff and Marie Wieck as shareholder representatives 
and Michael Häberle and Sibylle Wankel as employee represen-
tatives.

In a subsequent joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and 
the Advisory Board for Integrity and Corporate Responsibility, 
the participants discussed the integration of sustainability 
and integrity into Daimler Group strategy and the day-to-day 
business.

Strategy meeting of the Supervisory Board
On the first day of the two-day strategy workshop in Sindelfin-
gen at the end of September, after careful and intensive dis-
cussion of the relevant aspects and considering the relevant 
reasons and taking into account the best interests of the Com-
pany, and after receiving a positive recommendation for a reso-
lution from the Supervisory Board Committee for Legal Affairs, 
the Supervisory Board approved the decision of the Board of 
Management not to appeal against the fine imposed by the 
Stuttgart District Attorney’s Office on September 24, 2019 for 
negligent violation of supervisory duties during vehicle certifi-
cation in connection with deviations from regulatory require-
ments for certain Mercedes-Benz vehicles. In preparing its 
decision, the Supervisory Board had obtained an expert opin-

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | REPORT OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD  37

ion from an independent law firm. Both the Supervisory Board 
and the Management Board are of the opinion that the conclu-
sion of the fine proceedings was in the interest of the Com-
pany. In this meeting, the Supervisory Board also approved a 
capital contribution at the Chinese joint-venture company Bei-
jing Benz Automotive Co, Ltd. for the realization of two vehicle 
projects.

Details of the system of Board of Management remuneration 
and changes to the annual bonus are presented in the remu-
neration report on E pages 108 ff of this Annual Report.

Corporate governance and declaration of compliance
During the year 2019, the Supervisory Board was continually 
occupied with standards of good corporate governance.

The focus of the strategy workshop was on the strategies for 
the period until 2030 of Mercedes-Benz AG, Daimler Truck AG 
and Daimler Mobility AG, and in particular on the “Move Pro-
grams” as a holistic approach for the required transformation, 
and on the “Move Performance Programs” for the improve-
ment of cost structures. The Supervisory Board discussed in 
detail the goals and the strategic areas for action of the indi-
vidual divisions. The Supervisory Board dealt with the electrifi-
cation of vehicle fleets, the further development of fuel-cell 
technology and autonomous driving. Various vehicle exhibits 
were also presented. With the involvement of the executives 
responsible for the topics presented, the members of the 
Supervisory Board and the Board of Management discussed in 
a constructive and open dialog how Daimler will prepare for 
new challenges and which further developments lie ahead. The 
changing competitive environment was also discussed. The 
Supervisory Board also discussed the key financial figures and 
the targets for the Group and the divisions.

Meeting on operational planning 2020/2021
In the meeting held on December 12, 2019, the Supervisory 
Board discussed business activities in China, in particular the 
political and economic aspects of expanding the Group’s pres-
ence in China and the significant Chinese investments in our 
Company. It also dealt with the report of the Board of Manage-
ment on the development of current acquisitions and coopera-
tions. During the further course of the meeting, on the basis of 
comprehensive documentation, the Supervisory Board dis-
cussed and approved the operational planning for the years 
2020 and 2021, and in this context discussed existing opportu-
nities and risks.

Furthermore, the Supervisory Board was informed about cur-
rent legal issues, also with regard to the requests for informa-
tion, inquiries, investigations, administrative orders and pro-
ceedings relating to diesel exhaust emissions. Once again, it 
also dealt with the question of whether any claims for compen-
sation were to be made against former or present members of 
the Board of Management in connection with the concluded 
antitrust proceedings against truck manufacturers by the Euro-
pean Commission. In addition, the Supervisory Board dealt 
with the results of the ongoing investigations in connection 
with the European Commission’s antitrust proceedings con-
cerning possible restrictions of competition with exhaust-gas 
cleaning technologies. The Supervisory Board decided to dis-
cuss the further procedure on the antitrust matters again in 
February 2020, with due consideration of further developments.

Other subjects discussed at the meeting were matters of cor-
porate governance, in particular the declaration of compliance 
with the German Corporate Governance Code, and the fulfill-
ment of the qualification profiles for the Board of Management 
and the Supervisory Board. Furthermore, the Supervisory 
Board looked ahead to the main topics for the 2020 financial 
year. Finally, it dealt in this meeting with the further develop-
ment of the Board of Management remuneration system, on 
the basis of preparations by the Presidential Committee. 

In September 2019, the Supervisory Board resolved to update 
the declaration of compliance with the German Corporate Gov-
ernance Code due to one of its members taking on another 
supervisory board position at Mercedes-Benz AG and the 
resulting exceeding of the maximum number of three supervi-
sory board positions recommended by the Code for members 
of the boards of management of listed companies. For the pur-
pose of regulating its rules of procedure, which reflect the 
Code’s recommendation regarding the maximum number of 
supervisory positions held by members of the boards of man-
agement of listed companies, the Supervisory Board has 
decided, until further notice, not to consider dual positions of 
members of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG in other 
supervisory boards within the Daimler Group. In its meeting in 
December 2019, the Supervisory Board approved the 2019 
declaration of compliance with the German Corporate Gover-
nance Code pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Cor-
poration Act (AktG). With the exceptions explained there, all 
recommendations of the Code have been and continue to be 
complied with.

In accordance with good corporate governance, the members 
of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG are obliged to disclose 
conflicts of interest – especially those that might arise due to 
an advisory or board function for a customer, supplier or credi-
tor of Daimler, or for other third parties – to the entire Super-
visory Board.

There were no indications of any actual conflicts of interest in 
the year 2019. In order to avoid individual potential conflicts of 
interest, some members of the Supervisory Board did not par-
ticipate in discussions of certain items of the agendas in the 
year 2019. Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder and Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht 
left the room during several meetings for the legal status 
reports, in particular when legal proceedings in connection 
with diesel exhaust emissions were discussed. As a result, in 
compliance with the goals of the Supervisory Board, there 
were no potential conflicts of interest during the year under 
review for at least half of the members representing the share-
holders and for at least 15 members of the entire Supervisory 
Board.

Law for the equal participation of women and men in man-
agement positions
For supervisory boards of listed companies subject to parity 
codetermination, like that of Daimler AG, the German Stock 
Corporation Act prescribes a binding gender ratio of at least 
30% women. The ratio is to apply to the entire supervisory 
board. If the side of the supervisory board representing the 
shareholders or the side representing the employees objects 
to the chairman of the supervisory board before the election 
about the application of the ratio to the entire supervisory 
board, the minimum ratio is to apply separately to the share-
holders’ side and to the employees’ side for that election.

38  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | REPORT OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

As of December 31, 2019, the shareholders’ side of the Super-
visory Board of Daimler AG is composed of 30% women (the 
members Sari Baldauf, Petraea Heynike and Marie Wieck) and 
70% men. On the employees’ side, the proportions as of that 
date are 30% women (the members Elke Tönjes-Werner, Sibylle 
Wankel and Dr. Sabine Zimmer) and 70% men. The Supervisory 
Board as a whole therefore also fulfills the statutory quota.

In its meeting on February 19, 2020, the Supervisory Board dis-
cussed the specific proposals for the candidate to be elected 
at the 2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting and decided, upon 
the recommendation of the Nomination Committee, to propose 
at the 2020 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting that, Timotheus 
Höttges, Chairman of the Board of Management of Deutsche 
Telekom AG, be elected to the Supervisory Board. If the pro-
posed candidate is elected, the statutory quota for women will 
remain fulfilled both on the shareholder side and for the Super-
visory Board as a whole, provided there are no other changes.

For the composition of the Board of Management, the Supervi-
sory Board set the target in December 2016 of at least 12.5% 
women, which is applicable until December 31, 2020. As of 
December 31, 2019, two women are members of the Board of 
Management: Renata Jungo Brüngger and Britta Seeger; the 
proportion of women is therefore 25% as of that date.

Corporate governance at Daimler is described in detail in the 
declaration on corporate governance combined with the corpo-
rate governance report on E pages 185 ff and in the remu-
neration report on E pages 108 ff of this Annual Report.

The work of the committees
The Presidential Committee convened in the past financial 
year for eight meetings, which were partially held in the form 
of conference calls. It dealt in particular with personnel mat-
ters and succession planning for the composition of the Board 
of Management. In addition, the Presidential Committee dealt 
with the acceptance by members of the Board of Management 
of board positions at other companies and institutions, with 
corporate governance topics and with matters of remunera-
tion. Details of the remuneration of the Board of Management 
are presented in the remuneration report on E pages 108 ff

The Audit Committee met six times in 2019. Details of those 
meetings are provided in a separate report of that committee 
on E pages 182 ff

The Committee for Legal Affairs held five meetings in 2019, 
including its inaugural meeting. At these meetings, it received 
detailed information on legal matters concerning emissions 
and antitrust law, as well as the related further development of 
the compliance system, and discussed those matters in the 
presence of the Supervisory Board’s legal advisors. The Com-
mittee regularly reports to the Supervisory Board on its work 
and in two cases, after discussing and considering the relevant 
aspects and taking into account the best interests of the Com-
pany, made recommendations to the Supervisory Board for 
resolutions. This concerned, on the one hand, the resolution of 
the Supervisory Board of September 24, 2019 to approve the 
decision of the Board of Management not to appeal against the 
fine imposed by the Stuttgart District Attorney’s Office. On the 
other hand, it concerned the resolution of the Supervisory 
Board of December 12, 2019 regarding legal matters relating to 
antitrust law.

The Nomination Committee convened for one meeting in 
2019. The Committee dealt in particular with the recommenda-
tion for the Supervisory Board’s proposal to be made at the 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting in 2020 on the candidate for 
election to the Supervisory Board. Among other things, and 
taking into consideration all circumstances of each individual 
case, the proposal is oriented towards the Daimler Group’s 
interests and aims to fulfill the overall qualification profile for 
the entire Supervisory Board, including expertise profile and 
diversity concept.

There was no occasion to convene the Mediation Committee 
during the reporting period.

Changes in the Supervisory Board and the Board of  
Management
Following the proposal of the Supervisory Board, the Annual 
Shareholders’ Meeting on May 22, 2019 reelected Joe Kaeser 
und Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder as members of the Supervisory 
Board representing the shareholders for the period until the 
end of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting that decides on ratifi-
cation of board members’ actions for financial year 2023.

In the Supervisory Board meeting on February 13, 2019, Harald 
Wilhelm was appointed to the Board of Management of Daimler 
AG for a period of 3 years with effect as of April 1, 2019. Bodo 
Uebber resigned from the Board of Management of Daimler AG 
with effect as of the end of the Annual Meeting 2019. At the 
same time, Harald Wilhelm took over the responsibility for 
“Finance & Controlling/Daimler Financial Services,” which is 
now called “Finance & Controlling/Daimler Mobility.” Further-
more, Britta Seeger was reappointed to the Board of Manage-
ment of Daimler AG as the member responsible for “Mercedes-
Benz Cars Marketing and Sales” for a further five years 
effective as of January 1, 2020.

In accordance with the resolution of the Supervisory Board of 
September 2018, Ola Källenius was reappointed as the Chair-
man of the Board of Management, responsible for Mercedes-
Benz Cars, for a new period of office of five years starting at 
the end of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on May 22, 2019, 
after Dr. Dieter Zetsche had resigned as a member of the 
Board of Management of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-
Benz Cars in consultation with the Supervisory Board effective 
at the same time. Also by resolution of the Supervisory Board 
of September 2018, Markus Schäfer was appointed as succes-
sor to Ola Källenius as a member of the Board of Management 
of Daimler AG with responsibility for “Group Research and 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Development” starting at the end of the 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on May 22, 2019.

In the Supervisory Board meeting on February 19, 2020, Huber-
tus Troska was appointed as a member of the Board of Man-
agement of Daimler AG with responsibility for “Greater China” 
for a period of a further five years effective as of January 1st, 
2021. In addition, the members of the Supervisory Board rep-
resenting the shareholders decided, on the basis of a  
recommendation by the Nomination Committee, to propose 
the election to the Supervisory Board of Timotheus Höttges at 
the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting in 2020.

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | REPORT OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD  39

no objections were to be raised and approved the financial 
statements and the combined management report as pre-
sented by the Board of Management. The company financial 
statements of Daimler AG for the year 2019 were thereby 
adopted. On this basis, the Supervisory Board consented to 
the proposal made by the Board of Management on the appro-
priation of distributable profit. Furthermore, the Supervisory 
Board approved the non-financial report and the report of the 
Supervisory Board, the declaration on corporate governance 
combined with the corporate governance report, and the remu-
neration report, as well as its proposed resolutions on the 
items of the agenda for the 2020 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting.

Appreciation
The Supervisory Board thanks all the employees and the man-
agement of the Daimler Group for their committed contribu-
tions in the challenging environment of the year 2019.

The Supervisory Board also thanks Dr. Dieter Zetsche and 
Bodo Uebber for their committed work in the Company’s Board 
of Management.

Stuttgart, February 2020

The Supervisory Board

Dr. Manfred Bischoff 
Chairman

Audit of the company and consolidated financial  
statements
The financial statements of Daimler AG and the combined man-
agement report for the Company and the Group for 2019 were 
duly audited by KPMG AG, Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, 
Berlin, and were given an unqualified audit opinion. The same 
applies to the consolidated financial statements for 2019 pre-
pared according to IFRS. On the basis of a voluntary review of 
the contents of the non-financial report decided upon by the 
Supervisory Board, the non-financial report for financial year 
2019 was reviewed by KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesell-
schaft, Berlin, within the framework of a limited assurance 
engagement and was issued with a limited assurance in accor-
dance with ISAE 3000.

In a meeting held on February 10, 2020 attended by the exter-
nal auditors, the Supervisory Board discussed, took note of 
and approved the preliminary key figures of the annual com-
pany and consolidated financial statements for 2019 and the 
proposal on the appropriation of profit to be made at the 2020 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. The Supervisory Board deter-
mined that no objections were to be made to their publication. 
The preliminary key figures for the year 2019 as well as the 
proposal on the appropriation of profit were announced at the 
Annual Press Conference on February 11, 2020.

In the meeting held on February 19, 2020, the Supervisory 
Board dealt with the annual company financial statements, the 
annual consolidated financial statements and the combined 
management report for Daimler AG and the Daimler Group, 
each of which had been issued with an unqualified audit opin-
ion by the independent auditors, as well as with the reports of 
the Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board, the corporate 
government statement combined with the corporate gover-
nance report, the remuneration report, the non-financial report 
issued with a limited assurance in accordance with ISAE 3000, 
and the proposal on the appropriation of profit. In preparation, 
the members of the Supervisory Board had been provided with 
comprehensive documentation including the Annual Report 
with the consolidated financial statements according to IFRS, 
the combined management report for Daimler AG and the 
Daimler Group, the declaration on corporate governance com-
bined with the corporate governance report, the remuneration 
report, the non-financial report, the annual company financial 
statements of Daimler AG, the proposal of the Board of Man-
agement on the appropriation of profit, the audit reports of 
KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft on the annual com-
pany financial statements of Daimler AG and the consolidated 
financial statements, each including the combined manage-
ment report, and the internal control system, as well as drafts 
of the reports of the Supervisory Board and of the Audit Com-
mittee.

The Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board dealt with 
those documents in detail and discussed them intensively in 
the presence of the independent auditors, who reported on the 
results of their audit and in particular on the key audit matters 
and the respective audit procedure including the conclusions 
drawn, as well as on the voluntary review of the non-financial 
statement within the framework of a limited assurance engage-
ment, and who were available to answer supplementary ques-
tions and to provide additional information. Following the final 
results of the review by the Audit Committee and its own 
review, the Supervisory Board declared its agreement with the 
results of the audit by the external auditors. It determined that 

 
40  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

The Supervisory Board

Dr. Manfred Bischoff
elected until 2021
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships: 
Mercedes-Benz AG – Chairman (since September 24, 2019)**
SMS Holding GmbH (until December 31, 2019)

Michael Brecht*
elected until 2023
Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG;
Chairman of the General Works Council, Daimler Group;
Chairman of the General Works Council, Daimler AG;
Chairman of the Works Council, Gaggenau Plant, Daimler AG
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since September 24, 2019)**
Daimler Truck AG (since September 24, 2019)**

Dr. Paul Achleitner
elected until 2020
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships: 
Deutsche Bank AG – Chairman
Bayer AG

Bader M. Al Saad
elected until 2022
Former Chairman and Managing Director of the Executive 
 Committee of the Board of Directors of Kuwait Investment
Authority
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Daimler Truck AG (since November 1, 2019)**
Kuwait Investment Authority
Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development
BlackRock Inc. (since May 23, 2019)

Sari Baldauf
elected until 2023
Former Executive Vice President and General Manager of 
 the Networks Business Group of Nokia Corporation
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Daimler Truck AG (since September 24, 2019)**
Vexve Armatury Group – Chairwoman
Nokia Oyj

Michael Bettag*
elected until 2023
Chairman of the Works Council of the Nuremberg Dealership,
Daimler AG 

Dr. Clemens Börsig
elected until 2022
Former Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Daimler Truck AG (since September 24, 2019)**
Linde AG (until April 8, 2019)
Linde Intermediate Holding AG (until August 7, 2019)
Linde plc
Emerson Electric Co

Raymond Curry*
elected until 2023
Secretary-Treasurer United Auto Workers (UAW)

Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht
elected until 2023
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of BASF SE
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Daimler Truck AG (since September 24, 2019)**
BASF SE – Chairman
Fuchs Petrolub SE – Chairman (until May 7, 2019)
Trumpf GmbH + Co. KG – Chairman

Michael Häberle*
elected until 2023
Chairman of the Works Council, Untertürkheim Plant,
Daimler AG
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since September 24, 2019)**

Petraea Heynike
elected until 2021
Former Executive Vice President of the Executive Board
of Nestlé S. A.
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since September 24, 2019)**

Joe Kaeser
elected until 2024
Chairman of the Board of Management of Siemens AG
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since September 24, 2019)**
Allianz Deutschland AG
NXP Semiconductors N. V.

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | THE SUPERVISORY BOARD  41

Ergun Lümali*
elected until 2023
Deputy Chairman of the General Works Council, Daimler Group;
Deputy Chairman of the General Works Council of Daimler AG;
Chairman of the Works Council, Sindelfingen Plant
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since September 24, 2019)**
Daimler Truck AG (since September 24, 2019)** 

Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder
elected until 2024
Former Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Münchener
Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft in Munich
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since September 24, 2019)**
Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft in Munich – Chairman (until April 30, 2019)
Tetra Laval Group

Elke Tönjes-Werner*
elected until 2023
Deputy Chairwoman of the Works Council, Bremen Plant,
Daimler AG

Sibylle Wankel*
elected until 2023
General Legal Counsel of the German Metalworkers’ Union
(IG Metall)
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since November 1, 2019)**

Dr. Frank Weber*
elected until 2023
Centre manager BodyTEC, Mercedes-Benz AG;
Chairman of the Management Representatives Committee,
Daimler Group
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since November 1, 2019)** 

Marie Wieck
elected until 2023
General Manager of IBM Blockchain (until December 31, 2019)
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Mercedes-Benz AG (since November 1, 2019)**

Roman Zitzelsberger*
elected until 2023
German Metalworkers’ Union (IG Metall) District Manager 
Baden-Württemberg 
Other supervisory board memberships/directorships:
Daimler Truck AG (since September 24, 2019)**
ZF Friedrichshafen AG (since November 21, 2019)
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH (until January 31, 2020)
Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG (until January 31, 2020)

Committees of the Supervisory Board:

Committee pursuant to Section 27 Subsection 3 of the 
German Codetermination Act (MitbestG)
Dr. Manfred Bischoff – Chairman
Michael Brecht*
Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht
Roman Zitzelsberger*

Presidential Committee
Dr. Manfred Bischoff – Chairman
Michael Brecht*
Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht
Roman Zitzelsberger*

Audit Committee
Dr. Clemens Börsig – Chairman
Michael Brecht*
Joe Kaeser
Ergun Lümali*

Nomination Committee
Dr. Manfred Bischoff – Chairman
Dr. Paul Achleitner
Sari Baldauf

Legal Affairs Committee
Dr. Clemens Börsig – Chairman
Dr. Manfred Bischoff
Michael Brecht*
Michael Häberle*
Sibylle Wankel*
Marie Wieck

Dr. Sabine Zimmer*
elected until 2023
Manager Vocational Training Policies, Germany, Daimler AG

* Representative of the employees 

**Group Mandate

HIGHLIGHTS

Mercedes-Benz’s presence at the Frankfurt Motor Show from September 10 to 22, 
2019 focused on sustainable solutions for the future of mobility, which are reflected 
in the products as well as in the business strategy. At the same time, Mercedes-Benz 
continued to position itself as a manufacturer of luxury automobiles. The Mercedes- 
Benz VISION EQS show car had its world premiere as an example of our pursuit of 

HIGHLIGHTS A |  HIGHLIGHTS 2019  43

sustainable luxury. The company also presented nineteen other vehicles to the  
global public for the first time. An additional highlight of our presence at the  
Frankfurt Motor Show was the completely revised exhibition stand, which featured  
digital communication more prominently.

44  A | HIGHLIGHTS 2019

Mercedes-Benz Cars to build a battery factory in Poland
On January 22, we announce that as part of its electric offen-
sive, Mercedes-Benz Cars will build a battery factory in Jawor, 
Poland, thus expanding the global battery production network 
to nine factories. The battery factory in Jawor is the second 
major investment at this new Mercedes-Benz site. A state-of-
the-art engine factory is already being built there to supply the 
Mercedes-Benz Cars plants worldwide.

Mercedes-Benz eCitaro electrifies European transport 
companies
The first battery-powered Mercedes-Benz eCitaro series-pro-
duction buses are in regular use in public transport in Berlin 
and Heidelberg. Further electric buses are to follow in Ger-
many and the first orders have also been received from neigh-
boring European countries. The eCitaro is now in series 
production at the Daimler Buses plant in Mannheim and is 
being delivered to customers.

The first eVito from series production and the first 
eSprinter is handed over to Hermes
In the context of the opening of the Hermes Logistics Center  
in Hamburg, the first 20 eVito vans from series production and 
the first eSprinter pilot vehicles from Mercedes-Benz Vans  
are handed over to Hermes Germany. The eVito vans are to 
take over delivery on the last mile in the urban environment. 
The vans are also the visible part of a strategic partnership 
between Mercedes-Benz Vans and Hermes Germany for the 
development of technologies and services for the vehicle fleet 
of the retail and logistics service provider.

BMW Group and Daimler AG invest in joint mobility-ser-
vices provider
The BMW Group and Daimler AG are combining their mobility 
services in the YOUR NOW joint ventures with the goal of 
creating a new global player that will introduce sustainable 
urban mobility consistently for the benefit of customers. The 
two groups are investing more than €1 billion to further expand 
and intermesh their existing services in the areas of ride 
hailing, multimodal platforms, car sharing, parking and 
charging. The mobility services have been consolidated into 
three pillars since January 1, 2020: FREE NOW & REACH NOW, 
SHARE NOW, PARK NOW & CHARGE NOW.

Daimler and Geely Holding establish global joint venture 
to further develop smart
Daimler AG and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group announce that 
they are establishing a global 50:50 joint venture. The objec-
tive is to further develop smart, a pioneer of urban mobility, 
into a leading brand for electric mobility. According to the 
joint-venture agreement, the next generation of electric smart 
models will be produced in a new, specially built electric-car 
factory in China. Global sales are scheduled to begin in 2022.

Daimler Trucks strengthens its technology leadership for 
automated driving
Daimler Trucks and Torc Robotics, a pioneer in the field of 
autonomous driving, enter into a partnership to market highly 
automated trucks (SAE Level 4) in the United States. The 
companies agree that Daimler Trucks will acquire a majority 
stake in Torc Robotics. Torc is one of the world’s most ex -
perienced companies in the field of automated vehicles. 
Torc offers advanced, road-going technology and years of 
experience with heavy-duty commercial vehicles.

Q1

A |  HIGHLIGHTS 2019  45

Mercedes-Benz EQC (combined electricity consumption: 20.8 – 19.7 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km)1

Daimler shareholders vote in favor of new Group structure
At the Annual Meeting in Berlin on May 22, 2019, the share-
holders of Daimler AG vote by a large majority in favor of 
restructuring the Daimler Group. This prepares the way for the 
Group to transfer the car and van business as well as the truck 
and bus business to two legally independent entities by means 
of a spin-off. The new structure, which is to take effect on 
November 1, will give the company more scope for action in  
a dynamically growing competitive environment.

Mercedes-Benz Cars opens car plant in Russia
Mercedes-Benz Cars starts production at the new Moscovia 
car plant with the Mercedes-Benz E-Class sedan for the local 
market. The E-Class will be followed by SUV models. The 
Mercedes-Benz Moscovia plant features flexible and sustain-
able production and applies modern industry 4.0 technologies.

First Mercedes-Benz model of the EQ brand
The EQC, the first Mercedes-Benz vehicle of the EQ product 
and technology brand (combined electricity consumption: 
20.8 – 19.7 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km)1, 
is on the road in mid-2019. With its seamless, clear design and 
brand-typical color accents, it is a pioneer of avantgarde 
electrical aesthetics. In terms of quality, safety and comfort, 
the EQC is the Mercedes-Benz among electric vehicles and is 
convincing in the sum of its features.

Lab 1886 at Europe’s biggest digital conference
Lab1886, the innovation hub of Daimler AG, is again the main 
partner of re:publica 19. With an audience of approximately 
20,000 visitors in Berlin, Daimler presents forward-looking 
projects, creates knowledge transfer and presents itself as a 
potential employer to international talents from the digital 
scene.

Ambition 2039: Daimler puts sustainable business strat-
egy into concrete form
Daimler is pressing ahead with the transformation to emission- 
free mobility. Sustainability is a key element of Daimler’s corpo-
rate strategy and at the same time a benchmark for corporate 
success. By 2039, the new-car fleet of Mercedes-Benz Cars is 
to become CO2-neutral and the company aims to achieve more 
than 50% of its car sales with plug-in hybrids or all-electric 
vehicles. Production operations at all European Mercedes-Benz 
car plants are expected to be CO2-neutral as soon as 2022.

Daimler AG and BMW Group join forces for automated 
driving
Daimler and the BMW Group start their cooperation in the field 
of automated driving. The two companies have signed an 
agreement on long-term strategic cooperation in this field. 
Daimler and the BMW Group intend to jointly develop the next 
technology generation for driver-assistance systems, auto-
mated driving on highways and automated parking functions 
(up to SAE Level 4 in each case). In addition, the partners aim 
to hold talks on extending the scope of cooperation to higher 
levels of automation in urban environments. One objective of 
the cooperation is to achieve the rapid market launch of the 
technology.

Daimler adjusts earnings expectations
Daimler reassesses its earnings expectations for financial year 
2019 and the second quarter of 2019. The main reasons for the 
initial reassessment are an increase in expected expenses in 
connection with various ongoing governmental proceedings 
and measures relating to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. A 
further adjustment is necessary primarily due to special items 
which add up to a total amount of €4.2 billion in the second 
quarter.

1  Electricity consumption and range were determined on the basis of 

Regulation 692/2008/EC. Electricity consumption and range depend on 
vehicle configuration.

Q2

46  A | HIGHLIGHTS 2019

Mercedes-Benz EQV (combined electricity consumption: 27.0 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, preliminary figures)1

Daimler welcomes acquisition of shares by BAIC Group
The Beijing Automotive Group Co. Ltd.(BAIC Group) acquires a 
five percent equity interest in Daimler AG through an indirect 
subsidiary. Daimler and BAIC are linked by a long-standing 
strategic partnership that has existed since 2003. Since then, 
the two companies have been cooperating on the production, 
research and development, and sale of cars, vans and trucks. 
Daimler acquired a stake in BAIC Motor, a listed subsidiary of 
BAIC, in 2013 and currently holds 9.55 percent of its shares.

Daimler Financial Services AG becomes Daimler  
Mobility AG
Daimler Financial Services AG now operates under the name 
Daimler Mobility AG and provides financing, leasing, insurance 
and fleet-management services for the entire Daimler Group. 
Daimler Mobility AG is also a strategic investor in mobility 
services such as FREE NOW, SHARE NOW and Blacklane. The 
mobility ecosystem is completed by flexible service offerings 
such as Mercedes-Benz Rent (car rentals) or Mercedes me 
Flexperience (car-on-demand solutions).

Daimler Trucks puts first highly automated truck  
(SAE Level 4) on the road
Daimler Trucks and Torc Robotics start with the development 
and testing of highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) on defined 
public roads. The operation initially takes place in Virginia, 
where Torc Robotics has its headquarters. This follows months 
of testing on closed roads.

Daimler Trucks & Buses and CATL agree on global supply 
of battery modules for electric trucks
Daimler Trucks & Buses and battery manufacturer Contempo-
rary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) agree to supply 
battery modules for series-produced electric trucks worldwide. 
CATL will supply lithium-ion battery modules for several 
electric trucks in the global portfolio of Daimler Trucks & Buses 
that are scheduled to go into series production in 2021.

Mercedes-Benz EQV: premiere for premium multipurpose 
vehicle with electric drive
Mercedes-Benz Vans presented the Concept EQV as a study 
vehicle at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2019. The produc-
tion version in August has its premiere as the Mercedes-Benz 
EQV (combined electricity consumption: 27.0 kWh/100 km; 
combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, preliminary figures)1. As a 
member of the Mercedes EQ family, the first battery-powered 
premium MPV from Mercedes-Benz combines locally emis-
sion-free mobility with convincing performance, high function-
ality and aesthetic design.

Administrative offence proceedings against Daimler AG 
are fully concluded
The public prosecutor’s office in Stuttgart issues a fine notice 
against Daimler AG due to the negligent violation of supervi-
sory duties in the area of vehicle certification in connection 
with deviations from regulatory requirements for certain 
Mercedes-Benz vehicles. The negligent breach of supervisory 
duty was found to have occurred at the level of department 
head. Daimler refrains from taking a legal remedy against the 
fine notice. The fine proceedings of the public prosecutor’s 
office against Daimler AG are thus fully concluded.

Development partnership for second-life batteries
Mercedes-Benz AG through its wholly-owned subsidiary 
Mercedes-Benz Energy GmbH and Beijing Electric Vehicle Co.
(BJEV), a subsidiary of the BAIC Group, have entered into a 
development partnership to develop second life energy-stor-
age systems in China. With a view to the value chain of auto-
motive battery systems, the partner companies are pooling 
their expertise and resources and laying the foundation for the 
development of a sustainable, renewable-energy industry.

1   Data on electricity consumption and range are provisional and have 

been determined by the technical service for the certification procedure 
according to UN/ECE Regulation No 101. EC type approval and a certifi-
cate of conformity with official values are not yet available. This data 
may deviate from the official values.

Q3

A |  HIGHLIGHTS 2019  47

Daimler launches new corporate structure
As planned, the Daimler Group launches its new corporate 
structure on November 1, 2019. The hive-down of the car and 
van businesses on the one hand and the truck and bus busi-
nesses on the other to two new subsidiaries took effect on 
October 31 with the entry for Daimler AG in the commercial 
register. Under the umbrella of Daimler AG, the Group’s operat-
ing activities will be managed in the new corporate structure in 
three divisions instead of five. Mercedes-Benz AG is responsi-
ble for the business of Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans. Daimler 
Truck AG combines the activities of Daimler Trucks & Buses. 
Daimler Financial Services, which has been legally indepen-
dent for many years, was renamed as Daimler Mobility AG in 
July. With these three subsidiaries, Daimler is strengthening its 
customer focus and increasing the Group’s agility.

Daimler cuts costs and sets its course for the future
Daimler presents a new, sustainable business strategy at its 
Capital Markets Days in London and New York. With a consis-
tent commitment to CO2-neutral mobility, the company is 
setting its course for a successful future. Daimler is positioning 
itself for the transformation with a clear strategy for the future. 
The costs to be incurred in order to achieve the CO2 targets 
require comprehensive measures to increase efficiency in all 
areas of the company. This is likely to adversely affect our 
earnings in 2020 and 2021.

Comprehensive ecosystem for truck customers’ entry into 
electric mobility
The Daimler Trucks & Buses E-Mobility Group, a cross-divi-
sional organization within Daimler Trucks & Buses, launches a 
full ecosystem for truck customers for the best possible entry 
into electric transport logistics. This includes a comprehensive 
range of consulting services and the development of a 
charging infrastructure suitable for electric trucks. In addition 
to personal and individual advice, the modular range of ser-
vices also includes digital applications that make it easier to 
get started with e-mobility. The first step will focus on the 
markets of Europe, North America and Japan. The consulting is 
already being successively implemented with the first 
customers.

Mercedes-Benz Actros is ”Truck of the Year”
Commercial-vehicle trade journalists from 24 European coun-
tries vote the Mercedes-Benz Actros as best truck of the year 
for the fifth time. The success story began with the first Actros 
in 1997 and the following generations also won the award. With 
nine titles, Mercedes-Benz is now the most successful brand in 
the battle for recognition for technological advancement, the 
key criterion in the selection process of the international Truck 
of the Year jury.

Daimler decides on key points for streamlining the 
company
Daimler and the General Works Council agree on the key 
points to streamline the Group structure, thus increasing 
efficiency and flexibility. To this end, joint measures have been 
agreed to reduce costs and jobs in a socially responsible 
manner. Daimler will therefore make use of normal staff 
turnover to reduce the size of the workforce as jobs become 
vacant. In addition, possibilities for pre-retirement part-time 
working will be expanded and a severance program will be 
offered in Germany in order to reduce the number of manage-
ment positions.

Daimler Mobility AG and Geely Technology Group launch 
StarRides premium limousine service
Daimler Mobility AG and the Geely Technology Group, a sub-
sidiary of the Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, launch StarRides, 
a premium limousine service in Hangzhou, China. The Star-
Rides fleet starts with 100 vehicles and comprises models of 
the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, E-Class and V-Class series. The 
service is to be launched in further major cities in China in 2020.

Q4

48  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | DAIMLER AND THE CAPITAL MARKET 

Daimler and the Capital Market

Global stock markets tended to be significantly stronger in many regions in 2019. The Daimler 
share price rose by 8% throughout the year. In 2019, we continued to inform institutional investors, 
analysts, rating agencies and private investors by means of a wide range of investor relations 
 activities and comprehensive reporting on the Group’s business development and prospects. Our 
refinancing benefited from a high level of capital-market liquidity and a consistently solid rating.  
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board will propose to the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting that a dividend of €0.90 (2018: €3.25) per share be paid for 2019.

A.01
Development of Daimler’s share price and of major indices

End of 2019 End of 2018

19/18

% change

Daimler share price (in euros)

49.37

45.91

DAX 30

Euro STOXX 50

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Nikkei

STOXX Europe Auto Index

13,249

3,745

28,538

23,657

509

10,559

3,001

23,327

20,015

439

+8

+25

+25

+22

+18

+16

A.02
Key figures per share

Amounts in euros

Net profit

Dividend

Equity (December 31)
Xetra price at year end1
Highest1
Lowest1

1 Closing prices

2019

2018

19/18

% change

2.22

0.90

57.34

49.37

59.31

40.53

6.78

3.25

60.45

45.91

75.69

45.27

-67

-72

-5

+8

-22

-10

Global stock markets significantly stronger
Global stock markets developed very positively in the first  
four months of 2019. The favorable outlook regarding a possible 
settlement of the trade war between the United States and 
China in order to avoid punitive tariffs, as well as the announce-
ment by the US Federal Reserve bank that it would not be 
 raising interest rates any time in the near future, led to higher 
demand for stocks around the world. In May, however, 
 stock-market sentiment deteriorated noticeably. Extensive 
uncertainty on the market was driven by the escalation of  
the trade war, concerns about economic growth in China, and 
the resignation of the British Prime Minister in the wake of  
the Brexit debate in the UK. Indications from central banks 
regarding the implementation of expansionary measures  
had a further positive effect on stock markets between June 
and the end of July. The markets then consolidated, however,  
with the mood overshadowed by declines in the Purchasing 
Managers Index and the Business Climate Index. Discussions 
relating to the possibility of a hard Brexit, as well as the 
 ongoing trade war between the United States and China, also 
led to more reserved behavior on the part of investors in 
August. The second half of the third quarter was once again 
marked by renewed positive news relating to the trade war  
and Brexit, which led to gains on stock markets. Following a 
weak phase at the beginning of the fourth quarter, investors 
became more optimistic again. Global stock markets then picked 
up, with strong gains made more or less across the board 
throughout the rest of the quarter. Cyclical stocks and, in par-
ticular, shares in the automotive and supplier industries 
 benefited from this development.

The index of the most important equities in the euro zone, the 
Euro STOXX 50 and the German benchmark index, the DAX, 
both rose by 25% in 2019. In Japan, the Nikkei index closed the 
year at 23,657, which was 18% higher than a year earlier. In  
the United States, the Dow Jones reached an all-time high of 
28,645 in December and was 22% above the prior-year level  
at the end of 2019.

Daimler share price rises 8% over the year
Over the first three months of 2019, automotive stocks also 
recovered significantly from the low share prices that had 
dominated the markets at the end of 2018. This development 
was mainly due to the continuation of trade negotiations 
between the United States and China, as well as positive sig-
nals from the Federal Reserve, which had significantly 
increased interest rates in the preceding years. The announce-
ment of our collaboration with BMW in the areas of mobility 
services and automated driving, and with Geely on the further 

development of the smart brand, generated additional momen-
tum and led to a substantial increase in our share price until 
the end of March (+14 %). On April 18, the Daimler share price 
reached €59.31, which was the highest price for the year.  
A profit-taking phase then began on the German stock market, 
and this affected the Daimler share as well. Along with the 
global trade tensions, there were also increasing concerns 
about a possible further economic slowdown, which would 
obviously have a negative impact on earnings in the automo-
tive industry, particularly in view of the global supplier and 
 production networks operated by automotive companies. In 
this very weak stock-market environment, our shares reached 
their lowest point of the year 2019 at €40.53 on August 15. 
Stock prices then began rising significantly again in September 
(with a brief temporary interruption) as a result of positive 
news about the trade war and Brexit. Automotive shares par-
ticularly benefited from the decision made by the US Depart-
ment of Commerce to refrain for the time being from imposing 
punitive tariffs on automobiles imported from Europe and  
Asia. In the second half of the fourth quarter, the Daimler 
share price lost some of the gains that had been made in the 
interim, with the Daimler share closing at €49.37 on December 
30. At the end of the year, Daimler had a market capitalization 
of €52.8 billion (2018: €49.1 billion). With a total increase of  
8% in 2019, the development of Daimler’s share price was thus 
weaker than that of the DAX (+25%) and the STOXX Europe 
Auto Index (+16%).

Dividend of €0.90
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board will 
 recommend the payment of a dividend of €0.90 per share for 
financial year 2019 (2018: €3.25) at the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting on April 1, 2020. The total dividend will thus amount 
 to €963 million (2018: €3,477 million).

A broad shareholder structure and a new investor with a 
long-term focus
Daimler continues to have a broad shareholder base of approx-
imately 1.0 million shareholders (2018: 1.0 million). Tenaciou3 
Prospect Investment Limited, a company controlled by the  
Chinese entrepreneur Li Shufu, who is also the founder and 
CEO of Geely, became Daimler AG’s largest individual share-
holder in February 2018. Tenaciou3 Prospect Investment  
Limited currently owns 9.7% of the company’s shares. The 
Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) currently owns 6.8% of the 
company’s stock, making it Daimler AG’s second-largest  
single shareholder. In July 2019, we were informed by the Chi-
nese BAIC Group that it had acquired an interest in Daimler AG 
via its wholly owned subsidiary Investment Global Co. Ltd.  
With approximately 5% of Daimler’s equity capital, the BAIC 
Group is now Daimler AG’s third-largest single shareholder. 
The Renault-Nissan Alliance continues to hold 3.1% of 
Daimler’s shares. In December 2019, Bank of America Corpo-
ration notified us that at 6.17%, its proportion of the voting 
rights remained above the 5.0% reporting limit on December 
20, 2019. In October 2018, Harris Associates L. P., Wilmington, 
notified us that its proportion of the voting rights was 4.93%  
on October 16, 2018. BlackRock, Inc., Wilmington, also holds a 
stake above the 3% reporting limit pursuant to Germany’s 
Securities Trading Act (WpHG). In December 2019, BlackRock 
notified us that its proportion of the voting rights was 4.47%  
on November 27, 2019.

The aforementioned and all other voting-rights notifications are 
published on the Internet at w daimler.com/investors/share/
voting-rights.

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | DAIMLER AND THE CAPITAL MARKET  49

Institutional investors hold a total of 54% of our equity capital, 
while private investors own 21%. Approximately 58% of our 
capital is in the hands of European investors and around 15% is 
held by US investors. Investors from Asia hold around 17% of 
our equity capital.  A.07  A.08

With a weighting of 3.95% (2018: 4.67%), Daimler was ranked 
ninth in the German share index DAX 30 at the end of 2019. In 
the Euro STOXX 50 index, our shares had a weighting of 1.55% 
(2018: 1.93%), which put Daimler in 29th place. Daimler shares 
are listed on the stock exchanges in Frankfurt and Stuttgart.  
A total volume of 1,108 million shares were traded in Germany 
in 2019 (2018: 1,093 million). A substantial number of Daimler 
shares are also now traded on multilateral trading platforms 
and in the over-the-counter market.

Employee stock purchase plan implemented once again
Staff members entitled to purchase employee stock were able 
to do so once again in March 2019. As was the case in the pre-
vious year, price-reduced shares as well as bonus shares were 

A.03
Daimler share price (high/low), 2019

In euros

10/19

11/19

12/19

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

1/19

2/19

3/19

4/19

5/19

6/19

7/19

8/19

9/19

A.04
Share price index

140

135

130

125

120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

12/31/18

6/30/19

12/31/19

Daimler AG 
STOXX Europe Auto Index
DAX

50  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | DAIMLER AND THE CAPITAL MARKET 

A.05
Key figures for Daimler shares

Share capital (in millions of euros)

Number of shares (in millions)

Market capitalization (in billions of euros)

Number of shareholders (in millions)

Weighting in share indices

DAX 30

Euro STOXX 50

Long-term credit ratings

S&P

Moody’s

Fitch

Scope

DBRS

A.06
Stock-exchange data for Daimler shares

End of 
2019

End of 
2018

19/18

% change

0

0

+8

0

3,070 3,070
1,069.8 1,069.8
49.1

52.8

1.0

1.0

3.95% 4.67%
1.55% 1.93%

A-

A3

A-

A

A

A

A2

A-

A

A

ISIN

German Securities Identification Number

Stock exchange symbol

Reuters ticker symbol

Bloomberg ticker symbol

DE0007100000

710000

DAI

DAIGn.DE

DAI:GR

A.07
Shareholder structure as of December 31, 2019 

By type of shareholder

Tenaciou3 Prospect
Investment Limited 

Kuwait Investment Authority 

BAIC Group 

Renault-Nissan 

Institutional investors 

Retail investors 

9.7 %

6.8 %

5.0 %

3.1 %

54.1 %

21.3 %

A.08
Shareholder structure as of December 31, 2019 

By region

Germany 

Europe, excluding Germany 

USA 

Kuwait 

Asia 

Rest of the world 

30.2 %

27.3 %

15.4 %

6.8 %

16.7 %

3.6 %

offered. At 25.5%, the participation rate in the year under 
review was once again higher than in the previous years (2018: 
23.5%). A total of 45,700 employees took part in the program 
(2018: 41,900), which is the highest number since 2008. The 
total number of shares purchased by employees also increased 
substantially once again, from 717,000 in 2018 to approxi-
mately 811,000, of which just under 73,200 were bonus shares 
(2018: 64,700) in the year under review. In connection with  
the attendance bonus program, approximately 15,600 shares 
were additionally purchased and transferred to the beneficia-
ries (2018: 15,000).

Daimler Annual Shareholders’ Meeting in Berlin
Due to the preparations being made for the new Group struc-
ture, our 2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting was held on  
May 22 at the Messe Berlin exhibition center. Some 5,000 share-
holders (2018: 6,000) attended the meeting. A total of 52.91% 
(2018: 55.71%) of equity capital was represented at the meet-
ing (actual attendees and shareholders who voted by absentee 
ballot). A large majority of the shareholders approved each  
of the agenda points proposed by the company’s management. 
For example, the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting approved a 
dividend payout of €3.25 per share (2018: €3.65), which means 
the total dividend amounted to €3.5 billion. Important docu-
ments and information related to the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting can be found on the Internet at w daimler.com/ir/
am2019.

Daimler shareholders voted in favor of the new Group structure 
by an overwhelming majority of 99.75%. This structure 
 establishes Daimler AG as the parent company of the legally 
 independent entities Mercedes-Benz AG (for the cars and vans 
business) and Daimler Truck AG (for business activities relating 
to trucks and buses). In addition, the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting once again elected Joe Kaeser and Bernd Pischetsrie-
der to the Supervisory Board as shareholder representatives. 
Joe Kaeser is the CEO of Siemens AG and Bernd Pischetsrieder 
is a former CEO of BMW AG and VW AG. Both have been mem-
bers of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG since 2014. The 
terms for both reelected Supervisory Board members will end 
when the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting is held in 2024.

After more than 13 years as Chairman of the Board of Manage-
ment of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars,  
Dieter Zetsche stepped down from his position at the conclu-
sion of the Annual Meeting 2019. At the conclusion of the  
2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, Ola Källenius was named 
Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and 
Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars. Also at the conclusion of the 
2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, Bodo Uebber stepped 
down as the Board of Management member responsible for 
Finance and Controlling and Daimler Financial Services, a posi-
tion he had held since 2005. His successor is Harald Wilhelm, 
who has been a member of the Daimler AG Board of Manage-
ment since April 1, 2019. 

Continuation of comprehensive investor relations 
 activities 
In 2019, we once again provided institutional investors, ana-
lysts, rating agencies and private investors with timely informa-
tion regarding the company’s business development. We orga-
nized roadshows for institutional investors and analysts in the 
finance capitals of Europe, North America and Asia. We also 
held many one-on-one meetings at investor conferences. This 
was especially the case at the international motor shows in 

 
Geneva and Frankfurt. We reported on our quarterly results in 
conference calls and webcasts. At the same time, we have fur-
ther developed our methods in order to more specifically 
address long-term investors who may be interested in purchas-
ing shares in Daimler. The presentations are available on our 
website at w daimler.com/investors/events/presentations.

The talks with analysts and investors focused on the latest earn-
ings expectations for 2019, business developments and 
 profitability in individual divisions and regions, and our “Project 
Future.” Investors are also now focusing more strongly on the 
transformation of the automotive industry and the shift toward 
locally emission-free mobility, as well as the impact that 
research and development expenditure on new technologies is 
having on profitability. Daimler’s top management also held 
capital market events in London and New York at which they 
provided analysts and investors with an update on the Group’s 
strategy for all of its business units and a preview of the ROI 
roadmap for the coming years. The costs for the electrification 
of the complete model range and the impact connected with 
the transformation of the automobile sector overall will have a 
negative effect on the earnings situation. They will lead to 
 additional product costs and higher depreciation for the currently 
very high investment volumes. We intend to counteract these 
impacts by means of comprehensive measures to reduce 
costs. The audio/video recordings and charts and illustrations 
from the event are available at w daimler.com/investors/
events/capital-market-days.

Awards once again for the Daimler Annual Report
Our 2018 Annual Report and its online version with numerous 
additional features won prestigious international awards once 
again. w annualreport.daimler.com/2018

The 2018 Annual Report received a Platinum Vision Award 
from the League of American Communications Professionals 
LLC (LACP). In addition, we were once again given a Silver 
 Stevie Award for the online version of the 2018 Annual Report, 
which also captured Silver at the 2018 LACP Professionals 
Vision Awards.

Website: attractive page design, improved user experience
The Investor Relations site at w daimler.com/investors is  
the main source of information for the majority of our share-
holders. With this in mind, we made further improvements to 
the site in 2019. For example, our improved page structure 
makes it easier for visitors to navigate the site and move more 
quickly to the sections they wish to view. We’ve also made  
the site easier to use with mobile terminals. Our news pages, 
for example, are always available in HTML format and auto-
matically adapt to any mobile device display. Our IR media 
library is an additional service that offers the most important 
news, documents and videos at a glance. Our IR website  
had nearly one million visitors in 2019 and over two million 
page views, which corresponds to approximately 2,600 visitors 
and 5,800 page views per day. Our IR site also achieved an 
 outstanding third-place ranking in a benchmark study by Net 
Federation GmbH, an agency for digital corporate communica-
tion, of the websites of the 70 German companies with the 
highest market capitalization.

Number of online shareholders reaches over 200,000
Our shareholders continue to make good use of our range of 
personalized electronic information and communication. In 
March 2019, we sent a notice to shareholders requesting their 

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | DAIMLER AND THE CAPITAL MARKET  51

consent to receive their invitation to the Daimler Annual 
 Shareholders’ Meeting by e-mail rather than by post. Our goal 
here was to reduce as much as possible the consumption of 
paper and the costs associated with mailing paper documents, 
which in 2019 also included the very extensive and complex 
Hive-down and Acquisition Agreement between Daimler AG, 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG. We were very 
pleased by our shareholders’ positive reaction to the electronic 
invitation campaign. Due to this positive response, we were 
able to increase the number of e-mail invitations to the Daimler 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting from 100,000 to 220,000 – and 
reduce CO2 emissions by around 50 tons as a result. We 
would like to thank those shareholders for helping to protect 
the environment and cut costs. Access to the e-service for 
shareholders and additional information can be found at 
w https://register.daimler.com.

Refinancing benefits from a high level of capital-market 
liquidity and consistently solid ratings
The central banks’ monetary policy had a major effect on bond 
markets in 2019. As a result of the high level of liquidity, com-
panies with investment-grade ratings saw their risk premiums 
remain at a moderate level for the most part.

In 2019, the Daimler Group primarily covered its refinancing 
needs by issuing bonds. A large proportion of those bonds were 
sold as benchmark bond issuances (bonds with high nominal 
volumes) in euro and US-dollar markets. In the US capital mar-
ket, for example, Daimler Finance North America LLC issued 
bonds worth a total of $7.00 billion. In addition, Daimler AG and 
Daimler International Finance B. V. issued euro bonds in 
 benchmark format with a total volume of €10.25 billion. In 2019, 
Daimler AG also issued bonds in China (so-called Panda bonds) 
worth a total of CNY 10.0 billion. Furthermore, many smaller 
bonds were issued by the Daimler Group in a variety of curren-
cies and markets.

At the end of 2019, Daimler Group companies had issued 
bonds that were still outstanding in a volume of 85.6 billion 
(2018: €76.5 billion). Besides raising funds through the issu-
ance of bonds, Daimler also issued a small volume of commer-
cial paper in 2019.

During the year under review, Daimler issued asset-backed 
securities (ABS) in five countries. In the United States, the 
company generated a refinancing volume of $8.7 billion through 
six transactions in 2019; in Canada, a volume of CAD 1.0 billion 
was generated in two transactions. Two transactions with a 
total volume of AUD 1.26 billion were executed in Australia in 
2019. Such bonds were also successfully sold to investors in 
Italy for the first time, in the amount of €0.5 billion. In China, 
one ABS transaction was conducted successfully with a total 
volume of CNY 8.5 billion.

During the course of the year under review the rating agencies 
S&P and Moody’s reacted to the worsened earnings situation, 
initially with an adjustment of the outlook and, in December 
2019, by downgrading the rating of Daimler AG by one notch. 
The agencies justified this mainly with the challenges posed by 
the electrification of the product portfolio, as well as the  
costs for the necessary reduction of CO2 emissions and the 
expectation of a more difficult economic climate, which was 
also reflected in lower expected returns.

52  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

Objectives and Strategy

For more than 130 years, we have been moving people and goods all over the world – safely,  
efficiently, comfortably and with innovative technologies that have always kept us a step ahead  
of the competition. Building outstanding and fascinating vehicles is what we do best. It’s what 
drives us, and it will continue to drive us forward into the future. The environment in which we 
operate is changing in a highly dynamic way. Sustainability and climate protection in particular  
are among the most urgent issues of our time. We accept this responsibility. Our goal is to set 
standards for sustainable mobility – now and in the future. 

Our strategy 

Sustainability and climate protection 

We firmly believe that individual mobility will be a basic human 
need in the coming decade as well, and that the market for 
sustainable automobiles in the luxury segment will continue to 
grow. Demand for goods transport services remains a key pil-
lar of the economy and our prosperity, and this demand can be 
expected to increase even further around the globe for years 
to come. The markets for financial services and the demand for 
fleet management services and digital mobility solutions are 
also likely to develop positively in the future. We are commit-
ted to the principles of sustainability and in particular of cli-
mate protection, and are therefore setting our course for CO2-
neutral mobility.

Purpose 

The basis of our strategy is our purpose – the spirit and pur-
pose that guide all of our decisions and actions. What is our 
DNA, what makes us who we are, why are we as a company 
active in the market? 

We have answered these questions for all of our divisions. 
Mercedes-Benz Cars’ motto is “First Move the World.” Daimler 
Trucks & Buses is there “For All Who Keep the World Moving,” 
and Daimler Mobility makes it clear that “We Move You.” 
Daimler itself is the connecting element that holds these busi-
nesses together, as symbolized by the word “move.”

We have derived specific goals from our aspiration. We seek to 
make mobility and the transport of goods more sustainable, 
and we plan to continue growing in our core business. We are 
implementing electric drive systems at all of our divisions  
as a priority, and we continue to pursue automated and auton-
omous driving and mobility services that benefit customers 
and make us more profitable. We are moving forward with digi-
tization measures and exploiting the potential they offer. All  
of these activities are geared toward ensuring that we achieve 
our financial targets.

Sustainability is an integral part of our corporate strategy. The 
implementation of a sustainable corporate strategy is the only 
way we can ensure our continued success over the long term. 
In line with this approach, we plan to work towards offering 
CO2-neutral mobility over the next 20 years. We also intend to 
decouple resource consumption from growth in our business 
volumes, provide mobility and traffic management solutions that 
make cities more livable, implement measures that increase 
safety on the road, continue to utilize data responsibly, and 
assume responsibility for upholding human rights along the 
entire value chain. Achieving success in all these areas requires 
a clear commitment to a culture of integrity, as well as future-
oriented cooperation with our workforce and our partners in 
industry, government and society at large. A central sustain-
ability management system enables the effective planning of 
ambitious goals and the monitoring of their achievement.

In our view, climate protection will be the biggest challenge 
over the coming years. Our “Ambition 2039” strategy for 
Mercedes-Benz passenger cars clearly demonstrates our com-
mitment to climate protection. Our goal here is to become 
CO2-neutral by 2039. More specifically, this means we plan to 
achieve Group-wide CO2-neutral production in Europe as of 
2022, attain a sales structure in which plug-in hybrids and all-
electric drive systems account for more than 50% of our port-
folio by 2030, and – within less than three product lifecycles – 
offer a CO2-neutral new car fleet to our customers. The new 
Factory 56 assembly hall at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Sin-
delfingen was planned as a CO2-neutral facility from the very 
beginning. In addition, our new plant in Jawor, Poland, uses 
wind power for sustainable manufacturing operations. A holis-
tic view of the CO2-reduction issue also needs to take the  
recycling of raw materials into account. Mercedes-Benz cars’ 
materials are 85% recyclable. 

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY  53

A.09
Our Strategy: MOVE PERFORM TRANSFORM

Sustainability  
and climate protection

Culture and integrity

Partnerships

Automated and  
autonomous driving

Digital services and  
digital platforms

MOVE
PERFORM
TRANSFORM

Markets and growth

Efficiency

Customers and brand

Platforms and  
drivetrains

Electrification of our  
drive system portfolio

Our goal at Mercedes-Benz Vans is that vans targeted at pri-
vate customers are to be CO2-neutral over the entire lifecycle 
by the year 2039. With vans used by commercial customers, 
we intend only to offer new vehicles that are CO2-neutral in 
driving operation (tank-to-wheel) in the major markets Europe, 
Japan and the NAFTA region. 

Daimler Trucks & Buses is also committed to climate protec-
tion. The main challenge we face in the truck and bus sector 
involves reconciling the higher costs of electric drive systems 
with the focus on costs that is prevalent in the transport indus-
try. Daimler Trucks & Buses plans to become CO2-neutral with 
regard to driving operation (tank-to-wheel) by launching new 
trucks and buses in the major markets of Europe, Japan and 
the NAFTA region between now and 2039. Plans also call for  
all Daimler Trucks & Buses facilities in Europe to achieve CO2-
neutral production by 2022, at which point all the energy they 
use should be generated from renewable sources. The plan-
ning and following up of targets at Daimler are ensured by a 
central sustainability management system.

Markets and growth

Our goal is to safeguard and expand the leading positions that 
our divisions occupy in their respective segments. Individual 
and self-determined mobility is likely to remain our primary 
business model for the car segment over the coming decade. 
Although flexible forms of use will continue to spread, our 
experience at present shows that such use will augment rather 
than replace the use of privately owned passenger cars. Vol-
umes in the premium and luxury segments in particular should 
increase further. Growth here is likely to be driven primarily by 
China and other Asian markets, although the more established 
markets in Europe and the United States will contribute to this 
growth as well. We plan to exploit this potential, in particular 
with our range of high-quality models such as the G-Class, as 
well as through our Mercedes-AMG and Mercedes-Maybach 
sub-brands.

54  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

China is now the world’s biggest car market, but it is also an 
important market for new technologies and procurement. We 
plan to continue growing in China together with our partners, 
with whom we will also intensify our cooperation.

We expect to see further growth in the Vans segment as well. 
The ongoing increase in online retail sales in particular will 
likely serve as an important foundation for such growth. 
Mercedes-Benz Vans plans to further strengthen its position in 
specific customer segments and in North America.

With regard to Daimler Trucks & Buses, we plan to improve our 
market position in Europe with the help of the new Actros, and 
to expand our range of products in the NAFTA region through 
the launch of a new vocational truck. In Latin America, we seek 
to benefit from the market recovery and to expand our position 
in a highly profitable segment by launching a heavy-duty truck 
based on our global platform. As the market leader in our most 
important traditional core markets for buses over 8 tons gross 
vehicle weight, we plan to further safeguard this market posi-
tion and develop our business in the NAFTA region and other 
markets.

Daimler Mobility offers mobility services under the motto 
“Mobility from years to minutes.” With its leasing, financing 
and insurance packages, Daimler Mobility supports the growth 
of our automotive divisions and the solutions it offers also 
increase customer loyalty and identification with the company. 
Additional innovative services such as Flexperience, a flexible 
vehicle rental model, will further support sales at our automo-
tive divisions. We also plan to continue growing in the fleet 
management sector and to increase the share of our vehicles 
used in various fleets. In the area of digital mobility solutions, 
we plan to safeguard our strong position in the market for pre-
mium driver services over the long term and, as a shareholder 
in the YOUR NOW group, we will work with BMW to establish a 
relevant new player in the segment for mobility services in 
Europe and Latin America.

Efficiency

The financial challenges we now face are more extensive than 
ever before due to the measures we have to implement to help 
ensure a CO2-neutral future. Addressing these challenges will 
require extensive investment in electric mobility, which has 
higher production costs than with combustion engines, and a 
comprehensive restructuring plan. The attainment of our prof-
itability targets and the maintenance of a solid cash flow have 
top priority here, as this is the only way to ensure that we will 
play a leading role in the transformation to a CO2-free society. 
Measures to improve efficiency have been defined at all divi-
sions and for Daimler AG as a whole. These measures relate to 
our workforce, material-cost reductions, upper limits on 
investments, adjustments to our portfolio and vehicle models, 
the implementation of platform strategies, and across-the-
board digitization of processes at Daimler Mobility. Plans also 
call for an increasing number of Group vehicles financed or 
leased by Daimler Mobility to be refinanced in a manner that 
does not impact our balance sheet. In addition, the allocation 
of financial resources at the parent-company level will be made 
transparent and be rigorously monitored.

Customers and brand 

We are intensifying our focus on the customer experience. The 
further development of our brand plays a key role in this pro-
cess. According to the current “Best Global Brands 2019” rank-
ing from Interbrand, Mercedes-Benz is the most valuable Ger-
man brand and the world’s most valuable premium automotive 
brand. We want to make our brand even more distinctive in the 
future, and make it more customer-focused as well. Maintain-
ing emotional ties to our customers is more important than 
ever, especially in times of transformation. The brand emotions 
of LOVE and EASE complement the attributes that have always 
been an essential part of our Mercedes-Benz brand’s DNA and 
will remain so in the future: RESPECT and TRUST. The core of 
our brand (THE BEST), and our existing brand values (EMO-
TIONAL and INTELLIGENT), remain unchanged. We create emo-
tional Mercedes-Benz moments for every physical and digital 
interaction with the brand. We plan to increase customer satis-
faction with new and flexible usage models and seamless inte-
gration of our products and services.

With regard to our commercial vehicles as well, our customers 
are at the focus of everything we do. We seek to supply prod-
ucts and services that make them successful. We develop 
technologies in order to be able to further reduce the total cost 
of transport and to offer safe and efficient solutions for the 
goods transport and distribution of the future.

Electrification of our drive system portfolio

Digital services and digital platforms

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY  55

As we continue along the road to emission-free mobility, we 
intend to forge ahead with the electrification of drivetrains in 
Mercedes-Benz passenger cars using 48-volt technology. We 
will also gradually increase the number of hybrid and battery-
electric models that we offer. Our goal here is to attain a sales 
structure in 2030 in which plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehi-
cles account for more than 50% of all the new cars we sell.

Mercedes-Benz Vans already offers the eVito; the eSprinter 
and our battery-electric full-size MPV is to follow in 2020. 
Mercedes-Benz Vans has also announced an electric variant of 
the successor model of the Citan. By 2022, Daimler Trucks 
plans to have electric vehicles ready for series production in all 
of its key regions and segments. The focus here will be on bat-
tery-electric models. The range of vehicles will subsequently 
be extended by the inclusion of fuel-cell/hydrogen-based sys-
tems for trucks. Daimler Buses presented the all-electric 
eCitaro back in mid-2018. Plans call for the range of bus prod-
ucts to be expanded to include buses equipped with fuel-cell 
systems. The E-Mobility Group Trucks & Buses is implementing 
the electric strategies for all truck and bus brands and estab-
lishing a globally standardized electric-vehicle architecture.

Platforms and drivetrains

Over the medium to long term, we plan to reduce the high 
degree of complexity of our passenger car models and 
engines, as well as the number of platforms we use for passen-
ger cars. Because we believe that new vehicles with combus-
tion engines will continue to play a role in the market for new 
cars and vans over the medium term, we are further develop-
ing our conventional engines in line with the next stage of EU 
certification. We plan to complete this process over the next 
few years, after which we expect to see a significant decrease 
in development work and expenditure on combustion engines. 
We will compensate for the currently higher costs associated 
with electric drive by developing a flexible architecture for 
such drive systems and combustion engines in which the inte-
gration of electric-drive components will be given absolute pri-
ority. Our plans for the next few years also call for the cus-
tomer-oriented optimization of both the number of different 
truck models and the number of drive types and regional plat-
forms.

Mercedes me and our digital services are designed to generate 
added value for the customer. Activities relating to digital  
services for Mercedes-Benz cars are therefore based on the 
development of an open software architecture that offers con-
trolled access and interfaces that enable customers also to  
utilize third-party services. We are convinced that as a vehicle 
manufacturer, we should also have our own operating system 
and be able to understand, monitor and control it. This 
approach gives us direct access to the customer and enables 
us to ensure that customer and vehicle data is handled in a 
responsible manner. With MBUX (Mercedes-Benz User Experi-
ence), we have set a new standard for intuitive multimedia  
systems that manage communication between the driver and 
the vehicle and its surroundings, and which are capable of 
adapting and learning. With trucks, the focus has also increas-
ingly shifted to the development of software and electronic 
systems in recent years. The Truck Data Center launched by 
Daimler Trucks is the brain that allows connectivity between 
trucks of different brands. It continuously monitors the status 
of vehicle systems and sends and receives data in real time. 
Digital services such as Fleetboard, Mercedes Uptime, Detroit 
Connect, Virtual Technician and Truckonnect are all based on 
this connectivity module and thus help to increase the effi-
ciency of transport operations. With its digital cockpit, the 
Mercedes-Benz Actros allows for simple and intuitive opera-
tion and makes it possible for drivers to perform numerous 
tasks from the cockpit. Daimler Buses offers its digital services 
via the OMNIplus ON platform, while Mercedes PRO is the digi-
tal services brand at Mercedes-Benz Vans. Daimler Mobility  
is now looking to completely digitalize its processes and the 
customer journey all the way through to the payment process.

Autonomous and automated driving

As we continue to develop automated and autonomous driving, 
we are focusing on driver assistance systems on the one hand 
and highly automated (SAE Level 4) and fully automated urban 
driving on the other.

In order to get automated systems to market more quickly, 
while simultaneously easing our cost burden, we have 
launched a long-term development partnership with BMW. This 
is just one of our cooperation projects in this area. We intend 
to work together with BMW to develop the next generation of 
technologies for driver assistance systems, automated driving 
on highways, and automated parking systems. Such systems 
will be made available in cars for private customers starting in 
2024. The partnership with BMW is open to other automakers 
and technology partners. Furthermore, the results of the part-
nership will be offered to other vehicle manufacturers via 
licensing agreements.

The Group’s strategic approach can be summarized in 
three core statements: 

MOVE – Reinvent the invention 

As the inventor of the automobile, it is in our nature to repeat-
edly reinvent mobility. Our aspiration is to offer sustainable 
solutions for mobility and the transport of goods in the future. 
We want to inspire emotionally and convince rationally. We aim 
to bring sustainability and luxury into harmony. Our innovative 
and highly efficient commercial vehicles are designed to make 
our customers in the haulage and transportation sectors suc-
cessful.

We are working systematically to achieve our “Ambition 2039” 
goal of CO2-neutral mobility. To do so, we are also utilizing the 
potential offered by automated driving and digital services. 

PERFORM – We create sustainable value 

We aim to create value that is sustainable. Our business is 
grounded in what we do best – delighting our customers with 
fascinating vehicles. Here, the attainment of our profitability 
targets and the maintenance of a solid cash flow remain top 
priorities for the short and medium term. Together with our 
partners, we seek to develop new technologies and share the 
costs of development activities. We want to continue to grow 
profitably and expand our leading position in all the sectors in 
which we operate worldwide. 

TRANSFORM – Reinvent ourselves

Our transformation is a long-term process of adapting the 
implementation of our structures and processes in cooperation 
with our employees. We have a workforce that is agile and will-
ing to learn, and this facilitates the development of the skills 
needed to face new requirements. Our corporate culture cre-
ates the foundation for the outstanding innovative capability 
displayed by our employees. We put diversity into practice, and 
integrity is our inner compass. The principle of integrity guides 
our actions and our relationships with our business partners.

With our sustainable business strategy, we are shaping 
the transformation of the automotive industry from a posi-
tion of leadership in a sustainable, customer-focused and 
innovative manner to safeguard our economic success.

56  A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

In the area of automated driving Daimler Trucks initially aims to 
focusing on Hub2Hub transport in SAE Level 4 mode on high-
ways in the United States. The possibility of not having to use a 
driver will lead to cost savings, which in turn will result in a via-
ble business model. The Daimler Trucks Autonomous Technol-
ogy Group, which brings together all of the expertise and activ-
ities in the field of automated truck operation, is consistently 
moving ahead toward series production of automated trucks. 
Torc Robotics, a company in which we acquired a majority 
interest in 2019, is now part of the Autonomous Technology 
Group. Daimler Trucks and Torc Robotics have now begun 
developing SAE Level 4 technologies for testing on roads in the 
United States.

Partnerships

The competition for the best solutions in the automotive indus-
try will continue to be decided by who has the best access to 
the latest technologies and the ability to provide sufficient cap-
ital and resources. As a result, partnerships will hold the key to 
leadership for all automakers. We have recently entered into a 
variety of partnerships. For example, we are developing auton-
omous driving systems with BMW and systems for automated 
trucks with Torc Robotics, and we are also cooperating with 
the battery material specialist Sila Nanotechnologies. In addi-
tion, we have teamed up with BMW and Geely to offer mobility 
services in China. Geely is a Daimler shareholder from China 
with whom we have established a 50:50 joint venture to fur-
ther develop and operate the smart brand globally as a manu-
facturer of all-electric vehicles. In order to more firmly estab-
lish electric mobility on the market, we have teamed up with 
several other European manufacturers to create a joint venture 
known as IONITY. Through this company, we are moving for-
ward with the creation of a full-coverage, high-power charging 
network for European highways.

Culture and integrity

Especially in times of change and upheaval, we need to have 
values that offer us guidance. We also need to develop skills 
that make us faster and more agile and enable us to speed  
up our pace of innovation. The continuation of our “Leadership 
2020” program as “Leadership 20x” ensures that we can pro-
mote the development of such skills. We rely on the high 
degree of motivation among our employees, with whom we 
want to actively drive forward the transformation of our indus-
try. Daimler stands for diversity and promotes integrity. As a 
company that operates around the globe, we stand for toler-
ance, openness, trust and fairness. Integrity is one of our key 
corporate values and a central element of our corporate cul-
ture. New technologies and business models offer tremendous 
opportunities, but at the same time they pose questions – for 
example, with regard to ethical and legal topics. Our inner val-
ues and attitudes are put to the test when such issues arise. 
The further development of the Technical Compliance System 
and the compliance system for data is intended to ensure that 
we can provide support with regard to new topics from the 
beginning, provide the maximum possible clarity and avoid 
mistakes.

A | TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS | OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY  57

A.10
Investments in property, plant and equipment

Amounts in billions of euros

2018

2019 2020 – 2021

Daimler Group

Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans

Daimler Trucks & Buses

Daimler Mobility

Corporate

7.5

6.2

1.2

0.06

0.1

7.2

5.9

1.1

0.09

0.1

13.8

11.3

2.3

0.1

0.1

A.11
Research and development expenditure

Amounts in billions of euros

2018

2019 2020 – 2021

Daimler Group

Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans

Daimler Trucks & Buses

9.1

7.6

1.5

9.7

8.1

1.7

18.8

15.5

3.3

Extensive investment in the Group’s future 

In order to utilize the opportunities offered by the international 
automotive markets and to help actively shape the coming 
transformation of mobility, we will continue to invest substan-
tially in new products, innovative technologies and state-of-
the-art production facilities in the coming years. One focus of 
our efforts will be on the future-oriented fields of digitization, 
autonomous driving and electric mobility. We plan to invest 
approximately €14 billion in property, plant and equipment in 
2020 and 2021, as well as nearly €19 billion in research and 
development projects. We will therefore continue to maintain a 
high level of investment in order to safeguard the future of our 
company. The decrease in investment volume from the 2019 
figure is in part because we will be making much more efficient 
use of our financial resources and will also focus more strongly 
on issues that are important for the future of the Group. During 
the year under review, we also entered into several partner-
ships in areas that will play a key role in the future of mobility. 
This will enable us to limit our own expenditure even as we 
ensure our access to new technologies. Over the medium and 
long term, we expect investment and expenditure on research 
and development to be reduced, step by step, to below the 
extraordinarily high levels of recent years. This should be 
achieved in part by reducing the number of vehicle architec-
tures and platforms at Mercedes-Benz and a decrease in their 
complexity, in addition to lower investment in traditional drive 
systems.  A.10   A.11

Investment in property, plant and equipment will mainly be 
applied to prepare for the production of our new models.  
Other focal points will be the realignment of our manufacturing 
facilities in Germany, increased local production in the growth 
markets and the development of a global production network 
for electric vehicles and batteries.

Most of our expenditure for research and development will 
flow into new products. Key individual projects include the  
successor models of the C-Class and the S-Class and new 
vehicles from our EQ electric mobility brand. Other key areas 
at our automotive divisions include innovative drive-system 
and safety technologies, the connectivity of our products and 
the further development of automated and autonomous driv-
ing. Our plans also call for substantial funds to be invested in 
particular in our comprehensive electric mobility offensive at 
all of our automotive divisions.

B

Management 
Report

Daimler once again achieved high levels of unit sales and revenue in 2019 in  
a challenging environment. Our numerous new products and innovative services  
contributed to this. At the same time, however, earnings and the free cash 
flow decreased significantly. Within the framework of our sustainable corporate 
strategy, we are vigorously pushing forward with the transformation of our 
businesses for a CO2-neutral future. To achieve this, the application of substan-
tial funds is required, reducing our earnings in the year under review and also 
in the future. Against this background, we have taken comprehensive measures 
to strengthen our financial position again. 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | CONTENTS  59 

B | Combined Management Report

Corporate Profile 

Business model 
Portfolio changes and strategic partnerships 
Important events 
Performance measurement system 
Financial performance measures  
Corporate governance statement 

Economic Conditions and Business  
Development 

The world economy 
Automotive markets 
Business development 

Profitability  

Revenue and EBIT 
Statement of income 
Dividend 
Net operating profit 
Value added 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Principles and objectives of financial management 
Cash flows 
Contingent liabilities and other financial obligations 
Investment 
Refinancing 
Credit ratings 

Financial Position 

Daimler AG  
(condensed version according to HGB) 

Profitability 
Financial position, liquidity and capital resources 
 Risks and opportunities 
Outlook 

60

60 
62
62
63
63
64

65

65
66
67

70

70
74
75
75
75

77

77
78
82
82
83
85

86

89

89
90
92
92

Sustainability and Integrity 

Sustainability at Daimler 
Research and development  
Innovation and safety  
Environmental protection 
The workforce 
Social responsibility 
Integrity, compliance and legal responsibility 

Overall Assessment of the 
Economic Situation 

Events after the Reporting Period 

Remuneration Report 

Principles of Board of Management remuneration 
Board of Management remuneration in  
financial year 2019 
Commitments upon termination of service 
Remuneration of the Supervisory Board 

Takeover-Relevant Information  
and Explanation 

Risk and Opportunity Report 

Risk and opportunity management system 
Risks and opportunities 
Industry and business risks and opportunities 
Company-specific risks and opportunities 
Financial risks and opportunities 
Legal and tax risks 
Non-financial risks 
Overall assessment of the risk 
and opportunity situation 

Outlook 

The world economy 
Automotive markets 
Unit sales 
Revenue and earnings 
Free cash flow and liquidity 
Dividend 
Investment 
Research and development 
Overall statement on future development 

93

93
93
95
100
102
103
105

106

107

108

108 

118
128
130

132

135

135
137
137
142
144
146
149

149

150

150
151
151
152
153
153
153
154
154

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60 B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | CORPORATE PROFILE

Corporate Profile

Business model

Daimler can look back on a tradition covering more than 130 
years – a tradition that goes back to Gottlieb Daimler and Carl 
Benz, the inventors of the automobile, and features pioneering 
achievements in automotive engineering. Today, the Daimler 
Group is a globally leading vehicle manufacturer with an out-
standing range of premium cars, trucks, vans and buses. Its 
product portfolio is rounded out by a range of customized 
financial services and mobility services. Daimler’s goal is to con-
tinue playing a leading role in the development of products  
and services for the future of mobility. The automotive industry 
is in the process of a fundamental transformation, and we 
intend to play a major role in actively shaping that change. 
Daimler AG is the parent company of the Daimler Group and  
its headquarters are in Stuttgart. With the new corporate 
structure, effective as of January 1, 2020, the Group’s business 
operations under the umbrella of Daimler AG are no longer 
managed in five divisions, but in three. Mercedes-Benz AG is 
responsible for the business of Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans  
and Daimler Truck AG combines the activities of Daimler Trucks 
& Buses. Daimler Financial Services, which had already been 
legally independent for many years, was renamed as Daimler 
Mobility AG in July.

With the new structure, Daimler AG carries out the functions  
of steering and governance and provides services for the com-
panies of the Group. As the parent company, it also defines  
the Group’s strategy, makes strategic decisions for business 
operations, and ensures the effectiveness of organizational, 
legal, and compliance-related functions throughout the Group.

B.01
Group revenue by division

Mercedes-Benz Cars 

Daimler Trucks 

Mercedes-Benz Vans 

Daimler Buses 

Daimler Mobility  

51.9%

22.2%

8.0%

2.6%

15.3%

We have used the previous structure of five divisions in our 
report on financial year 2019, analogously to the reports for the 
first three quarters of the year. The new reporting structure 
with three divisions will be used as of the first quarter of 2020.

The management reports for Daimler AG and for the Daimler 
Group are combined within this annual report.

With its strong brands, Daimler is active in nearly all the coun-
tries of the world. The Group has production facilities in 
Europe, North and South America, Asia and Africa. The global 
networking of research and development activities as well  
as of production and sales locations gives Daimler advantages 
in the international competitive field and also offers additional 
growth opportunities.

In 2019, Daimler increased its revenue by 3% to €172.7 billion. 
The Group’s five divisions contributed to this total as follows: 
Mercedes-Benz Cars 52%, Daimler Trucks 22%, Mercedes-Benz 
Vans 8%, Daimler Buses 3% and Daimler Mobility 15%. At the 
end of 2019, Daimler employed a total workforce of more than 
298,000 people worldwide.

The products supplied by the Mercedes-Benz Cars division 
comprise a broad spectrum of premium vehicles of the 
Mercedes-Benz brand, the Mercedes-AMG high-performance 
brand and the Mercedes-Maybach luxury brand. These  
vehicles range from compact models to a highly varied port-
folio of off-road vehicles, roadsters, coupes and convertibles, 
and to the S-Class luxury sedans. The product range is rounded 
out by the Mercedes me brand and the high-quality small  
cars of the smart brand. In 2016, we launched the new EQ 
(Electric Intelligence) brand for all of our activities related to 
electric mobility. The most important markets for Mercedes-
Benz Cars in 2019 were China with 29% of unit sales, Germany 
(14%), the other European markets (28%), the United States 
(13%), South Korea (3%) and Japan (3%). The Mercedes-Benz 
Cars division is continuously refining its flexible production  
network consisting of a total of more than 30 locations on four 
continents. In particular, we are preparing our worldwide pro-
duction network to meet the requirements of electric mobility.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | CORPORATE PROFILE  61

As the world’s largest manufacturer of trucks above 6 metric 
tons gross vehicle weight, Daimler Trucks develops and pro-
duces vehicles in a global network under the brands Mercedes-
Benz, Freightliner, Western Star, FUSO and BharatBenz. The 
division’s 30 production facilities are located in the NAFTA region 
(17), Europe (7), Asia (4) and South America (2). In China,  
Beijing Foton Daimler Automotive Co., Ltd. (BFDA), a joint ven-
ture with our Chinese partner Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd.,  
has been producing trucks under the Auman brand name since 
2012. Daimler Trucks’ product range includes light-, medium- 
and heavy-duty trucks for long-distance, distribution and con-
struction-site haulage, as well as special vehicles that are 
used mainly in municipal applications. Due to close links in terms 
of production technology, the division’s product range also 
includes buses of the Thomas Built Buses and FUSO brands. 
The activities related to electric mobility have been combined  
at the E-Mobility Group since 2018. The division offers and tests 
locally emission-free electric drive systems across its entire 
product range. Daimler Trucks’ most important sales markets in 
2019 were the NAFTA region with 41% of unit sales, Asia with 
28% and the EU30 region (European Union, Switzerland and 
Norway) with 16%.

Mercedes-Benz Vans is a global supplier of a complete port-
folio of vans and related services. The division’s products 
range from the Citan small van with a gross vehicle weight of  
1.8 metric tons to the Sprinter large van with a gross vehicle 
weight of up to 5.5 metric tons. The models offered in the com-
mercial segment comprises the Sprinter large van, the Vito 
mid-size van (marketed as the “Metris” in the United States) and 
the Citan urban delivery van. In the segment for private cus-
tomers, Mercedes-Benz Vans offers the V-Class multipurpose 
vehicle, the Marco Polo travel vans and recreational vehicles, 
and the X-Class mid-size pickup. As a result of the review and 
prioritization of the product portfolio, production of the X-Class 

is to be discontinued at the end of May 2020. Our eDrive activi-
ties demonstrate how systematically we are progressing with 
the development of alternative drive systems in all model series. 
The Mercedes-Benz Vans division has manufacturing facilities  
in Germany, Spain, the United States, Argentina, China and Rus-
sia. The division is active in the Chinese market through the 
joint venture Fujian Benz Automotive Ltd. Production of the Citan 
is part of the strategic alliance with Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi. 
The most important markets for vans are the EU30 region, which 
accounted for 68% of unit sales in the year under review, the 
NAFTA region (13%) and Asia (9%).

The Daimler Buses division with its Mercedes-Benz and Setra 
brands is the industry leader for buses above 8 metric tons  
in its most important traditional core markets: the EU30 region, 
Brazil, Argentina and Mexico. The division’s product range 
comprises city and intercity buses, touring coaches and bus 
chassis. The largest of the division’s 14 production plants are 
located in Germany, France, Spain, Turkey, Argentina, Brazil, 
Mexico and India. In 2019, Daimler Buses generated 68% of  
its revenue in the EU30 region and 15% in Latin America (exclud-
ing Mexico). Whereas we mainly sell complete buses in Europe, 
our business in Latin America, Mexico, Africa and Asia focuses 
on the production and distribution of bus chassis.

The Daimler Mobility division supports the sales of the Daimler 
Group’s automotive brands with tailored financial services. 
These services range from leasing, financing and insurance 
solutions to commercial fleet management services. In  
addition, the division is a strategic investor in mobility services 
for ride hailing, multimodal platforms, car sharing, parking  
and charging. The mobility services of the “YOUR NOW” joint 
ventures between Daimler and BMW have been consolidated  
in three units as of January 1, 2020: FREE NOW & REACH NOW, 
SHARE NOW, PARK NOW & CHARGE NOW. The mobility eco-

B.02
Daimler Group structure until 31.12.2019 

Mercedes-Benz
Cars

Daimler Trucks

Mercedes-Benz
Vans

Daimler Buses

Daimler Mobility 

Revenue

€93.9 billion 

€40.2 billion

€14.8 billion

€4.7 billion

€28.6 billion

Employees

152,048

83,437

21,346

17,960

12,680

Brands

62 B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | CORPORATE PROFILE

system is rounded out by flexible-use services from Daimler 
Mobility such as Mercedes-Benz Rent (rental vehicles) and 
Mercedes me Flexperience (a car-on-demand solution). During 
the year under review, Daimler Mobility financed or leased 
approximately 50% of the vehicles sold by the Group. The divi-
sion’s contract volume of €162.8 billion covers more than  
5.4 million vehicles. Daimler Mobility operates in 40 countries 
and employs approximately 13,000 people.

Daimler is active in the global automotive industry and related 
sectors through a broad network of subsidiaries, associated 
companies and partnerships. The statement of investments of 
Daimler AG in accordance with Section 313 of the German 
Commercial Code (HGB) can be found in E Note 41 of the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Portfolio changes and strategic partnerships

By means of targeted investments and future-oriented partner-
ships, we strengthened our core business and made use of 
additional growth potential in 2019. The most important projects 
are briefly described below.

Daimler and BMW Group are investing more than €1 billion 
in a joint mobility-services provider
After the successful closing of the joint venture agreement, the 
two companies held a joint press conference in February 2019 
where they stated that they plan to invest more than €1 billion 
in the expansion and the closer integration of their existing 
services in the areas of ride hailing, multimodal platforms, car 
sharing, parking and charging. In doing so, they will system-
atically utilize the opportunities offered by digitization, shared 
services and customers’ increasing mobility needs. In the 
period from February until the end of 2019, 588 million trans-
actions were conducted through the YOUR NOW joint-venture 
group. The products and services of the joint ventures have 
been further systematically focused on customer requirements 
and consolidated into three pillars: 1. FREE NOW & REACH 
NOW. 2. SHARE NOW. 3. PARK NOW & CHARGE NOW. The 
establishment of a new parent company on January 1, 2020  
supports the efficient management of these three pillars.

Daimler and Geely Holding establish a global joint venture 
for the further development of smart
In March 2019, Daimler AG and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group 
announced the establishment of a globally oriented 50:50 joint 
venture. Its aim is to turn smart, a pioneer of urban mobility, 
into one of the leading brands for electric mobility. The joint-
venture agreement stipulates that the next generation of  
electric smart models will be manufactured in a new electric 
vehicle factory in China that will be especially built for this  
purpose. Global sales are scheduled to begin in 2022.

Daimler Trucks acquires a majority interest in Torc 
 Robotics
In March 2019, Daimler Trucks and Torc Robotics, a pioneer  
in the area of autonomous driving systems, announced that they 
are to form a partnership for the marketing of automated 
trucks in the United States. The two companies agreed that 
Daimler Trucks and Buses US Holding LLC, a subsidiary of 
Daimler Truck AG, would acquire a majority of the shares in 
Torc Robotics in order to link the businesses in a way that  
goes far beyond a conventional manufacturer-supplier relation-
ship. Automated trucks have great potential to meet globally 
growing transportation needs by improving efficiency and further 
increasing safety. Daimler Trucks and Torc Robotics augment 
one another perfectly with regard to resources, expertise and 
capabilities. The acquisition of the majority interest was con-
cluded in the third quarter of 2019.

Daimler AG and BMW Group launch a long-term develop-
ment partnership for automated driving 
In July 2019, Daimler and BMW Group began to cooperate on 
automated driving. The two companies signed an agreement 
governing their long-term strategic collaboration in this area. 
Daimler and BMW Group plan to jointly develop the next  
generation of technology for driving assistance systems and 
automated driving on highways, as well as for automated  
parking functions. Moreover, the partners intend to conduct 
talks concerning a possible expansion of their partnership  
to include higher levels of automation in urban environments. 
This underscores the long-term, sustainable nature of the  
partnership, which will develop into a scalable platform for 
automated driving. The partnership is open to other auto-
makers and technology partners. In addition, the results of  
the partnership are to be offered to other OEMs for licensing 
purposes. Among other things, the partnership aims to quickly 
launch the technology on the market. The first systems are 
scheduled to become available for privately owned cars in 2024. 
Each company will individually implement the results of the 
development cooperation in its own products. More than 1,200 
experts will probably work in this partnership, some of them  
in mixed teams. Their tasks will include the design of a scalable 
architecture for driver-assistance systems including sensors, 
the creation of a joint computer center for the storage, admin-
istration and processing of data, and the development of  
various functions and software.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | CORPORATE PROFILE  63

Important events

Performance measurement system

Value-based management
The performance measurement system used at Daimler is 
designed to ensure that our investors’ interests and expectations 
are taken into account within the framework of a value-based 
management system. Value added shows the extent to which 
the Group and its divisions achieve or exceed the return 
requirements of the investors, thus creating additional value.

Value added is derived from the financial value drivers which, 
due to their direct relationship to ongoing business operations, 
are utilized as financial performance indicators for the periodic 
assessment of the performance of the Group and its divisions. 
In this sense, value added can be calculated as the difference 
between the measure of operating profit (EBIT or net operating 
profit) and the cost of capital of the average net assets. 
 B.03

The return on net assets (RONA) is calculated from the ratio of 
EBIT to net assets. Value is created for our shareholders when 
RONA exceeds the cost of capital. The required rate of return 
on net assets, and hence the cost of capital rate, is derived 
from the minimum rates of return that equity investors and 
lenders expect on their invested capital. During the year  
under review, the cost of capital rate of the Group remained 
unchanged at 8% after taxes. For the automotive divisions,  
the cost of capital rate amounted to 12% before taxes; for Daimler 
Mobility, a cost of equity of 13% before taxes was applied. 
 B.04

The quantitative development of value added and the related 
financial performance measures is explained in the “Profitabil-
ity” chapter. E pages 75 f

B.03
Calculation of value added

Value 
added

=

Profit 
measure

–

Net assets

×

Cost of
capital (%)

Cost of capital

A large majority of the Daimler shareholders vote for the 
new corporate structure with Daimler AG as the parent 
company
At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting in Berlin, a large majority 
of the shareholders of Daimler AG voted in favor of restruc-
turing of the Daimler Group. The new corporate structure took 
effect when the hive-downs were entered in the commercial 
register. As of October 31, 2019, today’s Mercedes-Benz AG is 
responsible for the previous divisions Mercedes-Benz Cars  
and Mercedes-Benz Vans, while Daimler Truck AG is responsible 
for Daimler Trucks and Daimler Buses. Daimler Financial  
Services AG, which was already a legally independent company, 
was renamed as Daimler Mobility AG on July 23, 2019. Like 
Daimler AG and Daimler Mobility AG, the two new wholly owned 
subsidiaries are German stock corporations subject to code-
termination with their headquarters in Stuttgart.

Changes in the Board of Management
After more than 13 years as Chairman of the Board of Manage-
ment of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars, Dieter 
Zetsche stepped down from his position at the conclusion of 
the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting in 2019. Following a two-
year cooling-off period, the Supervisory Board intends to nomi-
nate Dieter Zetsche for election to the Supervisory Board at 
the Annual Meeting 2021. Manfred Bischoff will recommend that 
Dieter Zetsche succeed him as Chairman of the Supervisory 
Board of Daimler AG.

At the conclusion of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, Ola 
Källenius took over as Chairman of the Board of Management 
of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars. Ola Källenius 
joined the Group in 1995. After holding various management 
positions in Germany and abroad, he was appointed to the 
Board of Management of Daimler AG with responsibility for 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Marketing & Sales effective January 2015. 
In January 2017, Ola Källenius took over Group Research and 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Development. Markus Schäfer succeeded 
him in this position on the Board of Management of Daimler AG 
at the conclusion of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on May 
22, 2019. On June 1, 2019, Markus Schäfer also took over 
responsibility for Mercedes-Benz Cars global procurement.

In addition, Harald Wilhelm, who was appointed to the Board  
of Management of Daimler AG on April 1, 2019, took over 
responsibility for Finance & Controlling and Daimler Financial 
Services (Daimler Mobility since July 2019) at the conclusion  
of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. Harald Wilhelm was pre-
viously the Chief Financial Officer of Airbus and a member of  
its Executive Committee. He succeeded the long-serving Board 
of Management Member for Finance Bodo Uebber, who reques-
ted that his contract not be extended beyond its termination 
date of December 2019 and stepped down at the conclusion  
of the Annual Meeting.

64 B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | CORPORATE PROFILE

Financial performance measures

Profit measure
The measure of operating profit at the divisional level is EBIT 
(earnings before interest and income taxes). EBIT thus reflects 
the divisions’ responsibility for profit and loss. EBIT that is 
calculated at the Group level takes into account centrally man-
aged matters and eliminations. In order to provide a more 
transparent presentation of our ongoing business, we will addi-
tionally calculate and report adjusted EBIT for both the Group 
and the divisions from financial year 2020 onwards. The adjust-
ments include individual items if they lead to material effects  
in a reporting period. These individual items relate in particular 
to legal proceedings and related measures, restructuring mea-
sures and M&A matters. Group EBIT minus the centrally man-
aged income taxes equals net operating profit.  B.20 page 75

Return on sales
As one of the main factors influencing value added, return on 
sales is of particular importance for assessing the automotive 
divisions’ profitability. Return on sales is the ratio of EBIT to 
revenue, whereby unit sales are the primary source of revenue. 
The measure of profitability for Daimler Mobility is not return 
on sales but return on equity (the ratio of EBIT to average equity 
on a quarterly basis). On the basis of adjusted EBIT, we will 
report an adjusted return on sales (ROS) for the automotive 
divisions and an adjusted return on equity (ROE) for Daimler 
Mobility starting in the 2020 financial year.

Net assets
All assets, liabilities and provisions for which the automotive 
divisions are responsible in day-to-day operations are allo-
cated to those divisions. Performance measurement at Daimler 
Mobility is implemented on an equity basis. Net assets at the 
Group level include the net operating assets of the automotive 
divisions and the equity of Daimler Mobility, as well as assets 
and liabilities from income taxes and other reconciliation items 
which cannot be allocated to the divisions. Average annual net 
assets are calculated on the basis of average quarterly net 
assets. E page 76

Cash flow
A change in net assets – for example as a result of investments – 
generally leads to the application or release of liquid funds. 
Along with earnings, net assets thus also have a direct effect 
on the cash flow. Of outstanding importance for the financial 
strength of the Daimler Group is the free cash flow of the indus-

B.04
Cost of capital

In percent

Group, after taxes

Industrial business, before taxes

Daimler Mobility, before taxes

2019

2018

8

12

13

8

12

13

trial business, which comprises the cash flows at the auto-
motive divisions and the cash flows from interest, taxes and 
other reconciliation items that cannot be allocated to the divi-
sions. The operating cash flow before interest and taxes 
(CFBIT) for the automotive divisions is derived from EBIT and 
the change in net assets. The cash conversion rate (CCR)  
is the ratio of CFBIT to EBIT over a period of time and is an 
important measure for cash-flow management. In order  
to provide a more transparent presentation of our ongoing 
business, we will additionally calculate and report the 
adjusted free cash flow of the industrial business and the 
adjusted CFBIT of the automotive divisions from financial  
year 2020 onwards. The adjustments include individual items  
if they lead to material effects in a reporting period. These  
individual items relate in particular to legal proceedings and 
related measures, restructuring measures and M&A matters.  
On the basis of adjusted CFBIT and adjusted EBIT, we will report 
an adjusted cash conversion rate (adjusted CCR) for the auto-
motive divisions from financial year 2020 onwards.

Key performance indicators
The key financial indicators for measuring the operating financial 
performance of the Daimler Group, in addition to EBIT and  
revenue, are the free cash flow of the industrial business, invest-
ment, and expenditure for research and development. In addi-
tion, return on equity and new business are the key performance 
indicators for Daimler Mobility. As of financial year 2020, 
adjusted return on equity will replace return on equity as the 
key performance indicator for Daimler Mobility.

In addition to the financial indicators, we also use various non-
financial indicators to help us manage the Group. Of particular 
importance in this respect are the unit sales of our automotive 
divisions, which we use as the basis for our capacity and 
human resources planning. The importance of the absolute 
number of employees as a performance indicator has been 
reduced, particularly in view of the increasing cooperation with 
partners in the form of partnerships and joint ventures. For  
this reason, the number of employees is no longer considered 
to be a key performance indicator.

Details of the development of non-financial performance indi-
cators can be found in the chapters “Economic Conditions and 
Business Development” and “Non-Financial Report.” 
E pages 65 ff and pages 196 ff

Corporate governance statement

The Declaration on Corporate Governance pursuant to Section 
289f and Section 315d of the German Commercial Code  
(HGB), combined with the Corporate Governance Report, can 
be found in this Annual Report on E pages 180 ff and can  
also be viewed on the Internet at w daimler.com/corpgov/en. 
Pursuant to Section 317 Subsection 2 Sentence 6 of the  
German Commercial Code (HGB), the purpose of the audit of 
the statements pursuant to Section 289f Subsections 2 and  
5 and Section 315d of the HGB is limited to determining whether 
such statements have actually been provided.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT  65

Economic Conditions and Business Development

The world economy

During the year under review, the world economy achieved real 
growth of only slightly above 2.5%. This was much weaker  
than in the previous year and was the first time since 2016 that 
it dropped below 3%.  B.05 The slowdown affected almost  
all regions, but to different degrees. Growth in global trade also 
slowed down considerably, a development that noticeably 
impacted export-dependent economies in particular. 

The industrialized countries were unable to maintain the dynamic 
economic growth that they had attained in the two previous 
years. This was also the case with the US economy. Following 
a robust first quarter, economic growth slowed considerably 
later in the year, but remained solid with approximately 2.3% 
recorded for 2019 as a whole. While private consumption  
continued to be robust, business investment weakened substan-
tially as the year progressed. This was due, in part, to the  
fading boost from tax cuts as well as ongoing insecurity regard-
ing further escalation of the trade conflict with China. Economic 
development slackened even more in the euro zone. The weak 
global demand, especially in China, as well as the trade dispute 
between the United States and China and the risk of a no-deal 
withdrawal of the UK from the European Union, had an espe-
cially negative impact on the manufacturing sector. As a result, 
economic growth in the euro zone dropped to just over 1%, even 
though the services sector and private consumption remained 
resilient. Because of its pronounced dependence on industrial 
production and foreign trade, the German economy only grew 
by about 0.6%. The ongoing Brexit uncertainty and its dampening 
effect on investments caused the economy of the United King-
dom to slow down to a moderate pace of 1.3%. Slower export 
growth and continued low investments are also impacting the 
Japanese economy, which grew at approximately 1% or about 
the same as in the previous year. 

China’s economic growth continued to lose momentum last 
year as a result of a weakening of both domestic and export 
demand. At just 6.1%, growth for the year as a whole was 
noticeably lower than in 2018. As expected, the other econo-
mies in Asia were unable to disconnect themselves from the 
slowdown in world trade and the weakening of China’s eco-
nomic growth. As a result, these economies grew much more 
slowly than in the previous year. The slowdown was especially 
pronounced in India, where economic growth dropped to 
around 5% and thus to the lowest level in ten years. South 
America’s hopes for a noticeable economic rebound were not 
fulfilled. The ongoing and deep-seated crisis in Argentina and 

the continued rather disappointing development in Brazil have 
slowed down economic growth in the entire region. Growth 
was also lower than in the prior year in Central and Eastern 
Europe. This was mainly due to the severe economic crisis in 
Turkey as well as the substantial decline in the growth of the 
Russian economy. The much lower average price of oil over the 
year compared to the prior year ensured that economic growth 
continued to be rather weak in the Middle East as well. All in 
all, the growth of about 4% that was recorded in the emerging 
markets was significantly below the prior-year rate. 

Currency exchange rates remained volatile in this heteroge-
neous growth environment. Against the US dollar, the euro 
moved between $1.08 and $1.16 during the year. At the end of 
2019, the euro was around 2% weaker than at the end of 2018. 
The range of fluctuation of the Japanese yen against the euro 
was 116 to 128. Year-on-year, at the end of 2019, the euro had 
depreciated by about 3% against the yen. At the end of 2019, 
the value of the British pound was about 5% higher than at the 
end of the previous year. The euro rose by almost 2% against 
the Brazilian real and by about 10% against the Turkish lira. 
However, it depreciated considerably against the ruble, losing 
about 12% of its relative value. 

B.05
Economic growth

Gross domestic product, growth rates in %

2018
2019

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

Total

Europe

NAFTA

Asia

South 
America

Source: IHS Markit, own calculations

66  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Automotive markets 

The global car market contracted by approximately 5% during 
the year under review. The Western European sales market 
posted stable growth and even the US market almost remained 
at the previous year’s level, declining by only 1%. Global weak-
ness in demand was mainly due to the continued unfavorable 
development of the Chinese market, which contracted by 
nearly 10% and was thus much weaker than in 2018.  B.06

All in all, car sales were relatively stable in Europe. Within West-
ern Europe, the German market expanded slightly by about 5%. 
The small increase of just under 2% that was recorded in France 
meant that sales there remained at about the prior-year level. 
Demand was rather weak in the UK, however, with sales falling 
by about 2%. Sales markets in Central and Eastern Europe were 
generally slightly weaker than in the previous year. Whereas  
car sales in the Central and Eastern European markets of the 
EU remained robust and showed some growth, they declined 
slightly in Russia. However, the main reason for the region’s 
sales decrease was the double-digit drop recorded by the Turk-
ish market.

Thanks to a still comparatively favorable economic environ-
ment, the market volume for cars and light trucks in the United 
States once again reached a high level with sales of around  
17 million units. In comparison with the previous year, this  
corresponds to a slight drop of just over 1%. The segment  
shift toward pickups and SUVs continued, while conventional 
sedans saw demand decline significantly once again.

B.06
Global automotive markets

Unit sales growth rates 2019 in %
(some numbers are preliminary)

Passenger cars
Commercial vehicles2

15

10

5

0

-5

-10

Total

Europe

NAFTA1

Asia

South
America1

1  Cars segment includes light trucks
2  Medium- and heavy-duty trucks

Source: German Association of the
Automotive Industry (VDA),
 various institutions

The weakness of the Chinese car market continued during the 
year under review. The drop in demand of nearly 10% was even 
larger than in 2018. This decrease is attributed mainly to the 
noticeable slowdown of economic growth, the insecurity of car 
buyers due to the ongoing trade dispute with the United 
States, and the continued negative aftereffects of the market 
stimulus measures of previous years. However, the premium 
segment, which is especially relevant for Mercedes-Benz, 
proved to be robust and once again grew substantially.

Meanwhile, car demand declined slightly in Japan. The small 
drop for the year as a whole was primarily due to the weak 
fourth quarter, when sales declined as a result of the sales-tax 
increase in early October. The Indian market decreased sharply 
due to the unexpectedly weak development of the country’s 
economy.

Demand for medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks devel-
oped very disparately in the markets relevant to our opera-
tions. Despite the slackening of economic growth, the market 
in the NAFTA region, which was already at a very high level, 
expanded by another 8% in classes 6 to 8, although this dyna-
mism weakened considerably in the second half of the year.

The truck market in the EU30 region (the European Union, 
Switzerland and Norway) remained relatively robust, given the 
region’s rather weak macroeconomic performance. However, 
demand shifted considerably as the year progressed. A regula-
tory change that took effect in mid-June caused earlier-than-
planned purchases in the first half of 2019 and an unusually 
large number of new registrations. In contrast, the market 
development was much weaker in the second half of the year. 
Despite this, the market was at about the prior-year high level 
during the year as a whole. Although economic growth was 
rather disappointing in Brazil, the dynamic recovery of the 
country’s truck market continued with expansion of 34%. In 
Turkey, the economic crisis caused the truck market to con-
tract significantly at a double-digit rate. Truck demand also 
decreased somewhat in Russia due to the weak economic  
situation.

The Japanese market for light-, medium- and heavy-duty trucks 
was influenced during the year by regulatory changes and  
a sales-tax increase in early October. As a result, demand 
decreased especially in the last few months of the year. How-
ever, unit sales during the year as a whole were at about  
the same level as in 2018. The market in Indonesia declined 
substantially in 2019. The Indian market for medium- and 
heavy-duty trucks developed very poorly and contracted at a 
clear double-digit rate. In China, demand for heavy-duty  
trucks remained stable at an unusually high level. 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT  67

Demand for vans continued to develop positively in the EU30 
region in 2019. Here, market volume in the combined segment 
for mid-size and large vans increased by 4%, while demand for 
small vans rose by 6%. The market for mid-size pickups 
remained at the prior-year level. In Germany, overall sales in 
the combined segment for mid-size and large vans increased 
by 8%. Demand for large vans in the United States expanded 
significantly. Demand in the market for mid-size vans that we 
address in China was slightly lower than in the previous year. 
Driven by developments in Brazil, the market volume for large 
vans in Latin America rose substantially from the low level  
of the previous year.

The market volume for buses in the EU30 region was signifi-
cantly above the high level of the previous year. The situation 
in Latin America (excluding Mexico) improved considerably due 
to the noticeable market recovery in Brazil, although growth in 
the region was slowed by a sharp market contraction in Argen-
tina. As a result of the ongoing difficult economic situation in 
Turkey, demand for buses once again decreased significantly 
there compared with 2018. 

Business development 

Unit sales
Daimler sold a total of 3.34 million vehicles in 2019 (2018:  
3.35 million). As a result, the Group failed to achieve its goal  
of slightly increasing its unit sales. Unit sales were slightly 
lower than expected at Mercedes-Benz Cars (+0%), Daimler 
Trucks (-6%), Mercedes-Benz Vans (+4%) and Daimler Buses 
(+6%).

The Mercedes-Benz Cars division sold a total of 2,385,400 
vehicles in 2019 despite difficult overall conditions, thus once 
again slightly exceeding the previous year’s record (2018: 
2,382,800). With unit sales of 2,278,300 (2018: 2,252,800) 
vehicles, the Mercedes-Benz brand was once again the stron-
gest-selling premium brand in the automobile industry. We are 
the number one in the premium segment in Germany and sev-
eral other key European markets, as well as in South Korea, 
Australia, India, Canada and Japan. In addition, we once again 
improved our position in China with a new sales record. 

The A-Class and B-Class models were particularly successful 
in the year under review. Unit sales of these models, including 
the CLA and the CLA Shooting Brake, increased by 29% to a 
total of 527,000 vehicles. Sales of C-Class models decreased 
by 8% to 439,600 sedans, wagons, coupes and convertibles. 
The E-Class continued to perform very well on the market. At 
418,100 vehicles, total unit sales of the E-Class did not, how-
ever, achieve the high level of the previous year. With sales of 
71,300 units, the S-Class sedan continues to be the world’s 
best-selling luxury sedan. In total, we sold 75,400 vehicles in 

this market segment in 2019 (2018: 83,800). Our unit sales in 
the SUV segment were impacted by the model changes for the 
GLE and the GLS. Demand for the new models was much 
higher than the actual number of vehicles available. Unit sales, 
however, were at the very high level of 789,800 (2018: 
829,200) vehicles. Sales of our sports cars rose by 48% to 
28,400 units; this increase was largely due to the market suc-
cess of our Mercedes-AMG GT models.  B.07

Mercedes-Benz Cars sold a total of 992,200 vehicles in Europe 
in 2019 (2018: 982,700). Sales growth in Germany (+4%) was 
accompanied by decreases in Italy (-1%) and Spain (-5%). Unit 
sales in the volume markets of the United Kingdom and France 
remained at the levels of the previous year. The Mercedes-Benz 
Cars division continued to be very successful in China during 
the year under review, with unit sales there increasing by 2% to 
694,200 vehicles. We also set new records for unit sales in 
other Asian markets, for example in South Korea (+18%). At 
368,900 vehicles, unit sales in the NAFTA region were lower 
than the high level of the previous year. Decreases were 
recorded in the United States (-4%) as well as in Canada (-12%). 

The sales development for the smart brand during the year 
under review was affected by the complete changeover of the 
smart to all-electric drive by the year 2020. The number of cars 
with combustion engines offered by the brand was therefore 
gradually reduced throughout the year. All in all, the smart brand 
sold a total of 107,100 fortwo and forfour models in about 40 
markets worldwide in 2019 (2018: 130,000).  
E pages 158 ff

B.07
Unit sales structure of Mercedes-Benz Cars

A-/B-Class 

C-Class 

E-Class 

S-Class 

SUVs* 

Sports Cars 

smart 

* including GLA and GLB

Europe 

NAFTA 

Asia 

Other markets 

22%

18%

18%

3%

33%

1%

5%

42%

15%

39%

4%

68  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Unit sales by Daimler Trucks in 2019 were slightly lower than 
in the previous year. In total, we delivered 488,500 heavy-, 
medium- and light-duty trucks as well as buses of the Thomas 
Built Buses and FUSO brands in the year under review (2018: 
517,300). Daimler Trucks continues to be the world’s biggest 
manufacturer of trucks above 6 tons.  B.08 In the EU30 
region, the truck market weakened significantly in the second 
half of the year, following substantial earlier-than-planned  
purchases in the first half. Our unit sales decreased slightly to 
79,800 trucks (2018: 85,400). Our Mercedes-Benz brand 
remained the market leader in the heavy-duty and medium-
duty segments, although our market share declined to 20.0% 
(2018: 20.6%).  B.09 

In Latin America, however, we were able to significantly 
increase our sales once again, to 42,600 units (2018: 38,200). 
The growth was mainly due to the development of the region’s 
main market, Brazil, where we sold 29,700 trucks. This repre-
sents a 39% increase on the previous year. Our Mercedes-Benz 
brand trucks increased their market share. In the heavy- and 
medium-duty segment, we expanded our market share to 29.2% 
(2018: 27.9%) and remained the market leader. In the NAFTA 
region, our sales once again slightly surpassed the previous 
year’s high level, rising to 201,100 units (2018: 189,700). Our 
market share of Class 6 – 8 trucks amounted to 37.0% (2018: 
38.4%), which enabled us to remain the market leader. 

In Asia, the truck markets of Indonesia and India contracted 
significantly during the year under review. At 135,200 units 
(2018: 164,700), our sales in the region decreased consider-
ably. This development was especially pronounced in Indone-
sia, where our sales declined by 39% to 39,100 units. We 
sold 14,500 units (2018: 22,500) in India. Unit sales were thus 
also substantially below the high level of the previous year.  
Our BharatBenz brand achieved a market share of 5.8% (2018: 
6.0%). We sold 42,200 units in the Japanese truck market, thus 
not quite equaling the previous year’s sales (2018: 44,000). 

Sales of Auman trucks, which we produce in China in coopera-
tion with our joint venture Beijing Foton Daimler Automotive 
Co., Ltd. (BFDA), were significantly lower than in the prior year 
at 86,200 units (2018: 103,400). In mid-2019, we launched  
our new Auman EST-A heavy-duty truck in China. The vehicle is 
equipped with the locally produced Mercedes-Benz OM457 
engine. E pages 166 ff 

B.08
Unit sales structure of Daimler Trucks

16%

  9%

  41%

28%

6%

EU30 

Latin America 

NAFTA 

Asia 

Other markets 

B.09
Market share1

in %

Mercedes-Benz Cars

European Union

thereof Germany

United States

China

Japan

Daimler Trucks

Heavy- and medium-duty 
trucks EU30

thereof Germany

Heavy-duty trucks 
NAFTA region (Class 8)

Medium-duty trucks 
NAFTA region (Classes 6 and 7)

Heavy- and medium-duty 
trucks Brazil

Trucks Japan

Heavy- and medium-duty 
trucks India

Mercedes-Benz Vans

Mid-size and large 
vans EU30

thereof Germany

Small vans EU30

Large vans United States

Daimler Buses

Buses over 8 tons EU30

thereof Germany

Buses over 8 tons Brazil

2019

2018

19/18

Change 
in % points

6.4

10.8

1.9

3.3

1.6

6.2

10.5

1.8

2.9

1.6

20.0

35.2

20.6

36.5

38.8

38.8

32.9

37.8

29.2

18.8

27.9

19.3

5.8

6.0

16.7

27.0

2.4

8.8

27.5

50.8

53.8

15.2

25.2

3.1

8.4

29.0

49.3

51.6

+0.2

+0.3

+0.1

+0.4

0.0

-0.6

-1.3

0.0

-4.9

+1.3

-0.5

-0.2

+1.5

+1.8

-0.7

+0.4

-1.5

+1.5

+2.2

1  Based on estimates in certain markets.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT  69

Business at Daimler Mobility continued to develop positively 
in the year under review. As we had forecast in Annual Report 
2018, worldwide contract volume continued to grow, reaching 
the new record level of €162.8 billion in 2019 (+6%). At €74.4 
billion, new business was also slightly higher than in 2018, 
which is what we had anticipated at the beginning of the year. 
Whereas new business grew in Europe (+3%), the Americas 
(+9%) and Africa & Asia-Pacific (+2%, excluding China), it 
decreased slightly in China (-4%). In the insurance business, we 
brokered approximately 2.4 million policies in the year under 
review, which corresponds with an increase of 5% compared 
with the previous year. In total, 588 million transactions were 
conducted through the mobility services of the YOUR NOW 
joint-venture group in 2019. Daimler Mobility had 425,000 con-
tracts on its books with its Athlon and Daimler Fleet Manage-
ment brands (+8%). Total contract volume amounted to €7.0 
billion at the end of 2019. E pages 177 ff

Order situation 
The Mercedes-Benz Cars, Daimler Trucks, Mercedes-Benz 
Vans and Daimler Buses divisions produce vehicles predomi-
nantly to order, in accordance with customers’ specifications. 
While doing so, we flexibly adjust the production capacities 
for individual models to changing levels of demand. Due in 
particular to continued strong demand in China and the Euro-
pean markets, the number of orders placed with Mercedes-
Benz Cars during the year under review remained at a high 
level despite a slight decrease. This was driven on the prod-
uct side primarily by the A-Class and B-Class models and the 
E-Class, as well as by the continued strong success of our 
SUVs. With an unchanged high level of production, the order 
backlog at the end of the year was below the prior-year level. 
At Daimler Trucks, both orders received and the order back-
log at year-end were significantly lower than a year earlier. 
This was mainly due to the significant weakening of demand 
in the second half of the year in the NAFTA region and also 
the EU30 region. 

Mercedes-Benz Vans achieved record unit sales once again  
in 2019. At 438,400 vehicles, the previous year’s figure was 
surpassed by 4%. Whereas we mainly address commercial cus-
tomers with the Sprinter, Vito and Citan models, the V-Class  
is primarily designed for private use. With the X-Class, we 
address diverse customers for both private and commercial 
applications. In the EU30 countries, which are our core region, 
our unit sales of 298,100 vehicles in 2019 were slightly above 
the prior-year level (2018: 278,300), while our market share in 
the combined segment for mid-size and large vans in the 
region amounted to 16.7% (2018: 15.2%). We sold 121,300 vans 
(2018: 107,300) in Germany. Unit sales in the NAFTA region 
continued to grow significantly, with a new record of 45,700 
vans sold in the United States (2018: 38,700). Our market 
share for large vans increased to 8.8% (2018: 8.4%). Our sales 
of 18,600 vans in Latin America were at the prior-year level 
(2018: 18,700), as were sales of 29,500 units in China (2018: 
29,100). However, unit sales in Russia and in a difficult market 
environment in Turkey were significantly lower than in 2018.  
At 231,500 units, global sales of Sprinter models were signifi-
cantly higher than in the previous year (2018: 206,300). Sales 
of the Vito amounted to 109,300 units and were thus at the 
prior-year level (2018: 108,300). Sales of 63,100 V-Class multi-
purpose vehicles were also at the level of the previous year 
(2018: 63,900). Meanwhile, sales of the Mercedes-Benz Citan 
amounted to 20,700 units (2018: 26,300) and a total of 13,800 
X-Class vehicles were sold in the year under review 
(2018: 16,700). E pages 171 ff 

Daimler Buses sold 32,600 buses and bus chassis worldwide 
in financial year 2019 (2018: 30,900). The slight increase was 
due in particular to the noticeable recovery of the market in 
Brazil, continued strong demand in our important EU30 market 
and substantial sales growth in Argentina. The division main-
tained its market leadership in its most important traditional 
core markets (EU30, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico). Due to con-
tinued high demand for our complete buses, sales in the EU30 
region amounted to 9,300 units, which equaled the high figure 
recorded in the previous year (2018: 9,300). Daimler Buses 
defended its leading position in this region with a market share 
of 27.5% (2018: 29.0%). At 3,000 units, sales in Germany were 
5% higher than in the previous year. At 200 units, sales in Tur-
key decreased significantly due to the ongoing difficult situation 
in the country (2018: 300). The market situation in Latin Amer-
ica (excluding Mexico) improved further on account of the 
noticeable market recovery in Brazil. Sales of Mercedes-Benz 
bus chassis in Brazil rose by 30% to 11,400 units. We were able 
to strengthen our leading market position in Brazil with a mar-
ket share of 53.8% (2018: 51.6%). We sold 1,600 units in India, 
thus equaling the previous year’s result (2018: 1,600). At 2,600 
units, sales in Mexico were significantly lower than in the previ-
ous year (2018: 3,200). E pages 174 ff

70  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY 

Profitability

To provide a better insight into the Group’s profitability, cash 
flows and financial position, the statement of income, the  
condensed statement of cash flows and the condensed state-
ment of financial position are shown for the Daimler Group  
as well as for the “Industrial business” and “Daimler Mobility”. 
The industrial business and Daimler Mobility columns represent 
a business point of view. The industrial business comprises  
the vehicle segments Mercedes-Benz Cars, Daimler Trucks, 
Mercedes-Benz Vans and Daimler Buses. Daimler Mobility is 
identical to the Daimler Mobility segment. Intra-group elimina-
tions between the industrial business and Daimler Mobility are 
generally allocated to the industrial business.

Revenue and EBIT

Revenue
In the year 2019, the Daimler Group’s revenue of €172.7  
billion (2018: €167.4 billion) was slightly above the prior-year 
level. Also, adjusted for positive exchange-rate effects,  
revenue was slightly higher than in the previous year.  B.10

The development of revenue was positively affected primarily 
by stronger pricing for new vehicles at Daimler Trucks and 
growth in contract volume at Daimler Mobility.

The Daimler Group therefore met the forecast made at the 
beginning of the year. The Mercedes-Benz Cars division 
achieved revenue at the prior-year level; at the beginning of  
the year, we had anticipated a slight increase in revenue.  
Revenue at Daimler Trucks was slightly above the prior-year 
level; we had forecasted a significant increase. The Mercedes-
Benz Vans division had forecasted significant revenue growth 
for 2019 and was able to meet this forecast by the end of the 
year. The Daimler Buses division achieved a slight increase  
in revenue in 2019 and therefore did not meet the forecast of 
significant revenue growth in 2019. However, Daimler Mobility 
significantly increased its revenue in 2019 and therefore sur-
passed its forecast of slight revenue growth.

B.10
Revenue by segment and region

In millions of euros

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Daimler Group

172,745

167,362

+3

Divisions

  Mercedes-Benz Cars

  Daimler Trucks

  Mercedes-Benz Vans

  Daimler Buses

  Daimler Mobility

  Reconciliation

Regions

  Europe

  thereof Germany

  NAFTA

  thereof United States

  Asia

  thereof China

  Other markets

93,877

40,235

14,801

4,733

28,646

-9,547

69,541

26,339

52,196

45,422

40,657

18,954

10,351

93,103

38,273

13,626

4,529

26,269

-8,438

68,496

24,802

47,952

41,152

40,627

19,790

10,287

+1

+5

+9

+5

+9

-13

+2

+6

+9

+10

+0

-4

+1

B.11
Consolidated revenue by region

In billions of euros

2015
2016

2017
2018

2019

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Germany

Europe
(without 
Germany)

NAFTA region 

Asia

 
 
 
EBIT
The Daimler Group achieved EBIT of €4.3 billion in 2019, 
which is significantly lower than in the previous year (2018: 
€11.1 billion). The Daimler Group had expected EBIT to be 
slightly above the prior year figure.  B.12  B.13

The Mercedes-Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans divisions 
posted earnings significantly below the prior-year figures.  
This mainly resulted from a reassessment of risks relating to 
ongoing governmental and legal proceedings and measures 
taken with regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various 
regions and markets, as well as from an updated risk assess-
ment for an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata airbags. 
Earnings at the Mercedes-Benz Vans division were also reduced 
by expenses arising from the review and prioritization of the 
product portfolio, in connection with the planned discontinua-
tion of production of the X-Class in May 2020. At Daimler 
Trucks, volume decreases mainly caused the negative earnings 
development. On the other hand, Daimler Buses posted earn-
ings above the prior-year level. Daimler Mobility also surpassed 
its prior-year figure significantly. The earnings of the Daimler 
Group were reduced by declining discount rates. Exchange-rate 
effects in total also had a negative impact on operating profit.

The reconciliation of segment earnings to Group EBIT resulted 
in a higher expense than in the previous year.

In the Management Report for 2018, we had forecasted a return 
on sales for the Mercedes-Benz Cars division of between 6% 
and 8%. As the year 2019 progressed, in the context of our 
capital market reporting, we adjusted this expectation to a 
level of between 3% and 5%. The Mercedes-Benz Cars division 
met this expectation. For the Mercedes-Benz Vans division,  
we had anticipated a return on sales of between 5% and 7%. As 
the year 2019 progressed, in the context of our capital market 
reporting, we gradually adjusted the expectation downwards  
to a forecast of minus 15% to minus 17%. At the end of the year, 
the Mercedes-Benz Vans division was not able to meet that 
forecast. The downgrading of expectations for both divisions 
resulted mainly from a reassessment of risks relating to ongo-
ing governmental and legal proceedings and measures taken 
with regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various regions 
and markets, as well as from an updated risk assessment for 
an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata airbags. For the 
Daimler Trucks division, we had originally forecasted a return 
on sales of between 7% and 9%. As the year progressed, in the 
context of our capital market reporting, we adjusted the fore-
cast to 6% to 8%, which the Daimler Trucks division achieved 
 at the end of the year. Daimler Buses met the forecast of a 
return on sales of between 5% and 7%. The Daimler Mobility 
division, however, did not achieve its anticipated return on 
equity of between 17% and 19% for the year 2019 due to 
expenses related to the realignment of the YOUR NOW group.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY  71

B.12
EBIT by segment

In millions of euros

Mercedes-Benz Cars

Daimler Trucks

Mercedes-Benz Vans

Daimler Buses

Daimler Mobility

Reconciliation

Daimler Group¹

2019

2018

19/18

% change

3,359

2,463

-3,085

283

2,140

-831

4,329

7,216

2,753

312

265

1,384

-798

11,132

-53

-11

.

+7

+55

-4

-61

1  EBIT, the indicator of operating performance, comprises earnings 
before interest income/expense and corporate income taxes. The 
reconciliation of the Daimler Group’s EBIT to earnings before in-
come taxes is included in Note 34 of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

B.13
Development of earnings

In billions of euros

EBIT
Net profit (loss)

15

10

5

0

2015

2016

20171

2018

2019

1  The prior-year figures have been adjusted due to the effects of the 

first-time adoption of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9.

The revenue of the Mercedes-Benz Cars division in the year 
2019 was €93,877 million (2018: €93,103 million) and there-
fore at the prior-year level (+1%). The division posted EBIT of 
€3,359 million (2018: €7,216 million). Its return on sales was 
3.6% and thus below the prior-year figure (2018: 7.8%).  B.12

Earnings in 2019 were reduced by €1,882 million due to a reas-
sessment of risks relating to ongoing governmental and legal 
proceedings and measures taken with regard to Mercedes-
Benz Cars diesel vehicles in various regions and markets. Fur-
thermore, expenses in connection with an updated risk assess-
ment for an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata airbags 
caused a reduction in earnings of €600 million. In addition, 
earnings were reduced by advance expenditures for new tech-
nologies and vehicles, as well as by exchange-rate effects.  
Furthermore, the measurement at fair value of shares in Aston 
Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc (Aston Martin) had a  
negative impact on EBIT. On the other hand, improved pricing 
had a positive effect on EBIT.

72  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY 

B.14
B.14
Return on Sales

In %

12

6

0

-6

-12

-18

-24

2015
2016

2017
2018

2019

Mercedes-Benz 
Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes-Benz 
Vans

Daimler 
Buses

B.15
Return on Equity

Daimler Mobility

In %

20

15

10

5

0

2015

2016

20171

2018

2019

1  The prior-year figures have been adjusted due to the effects of the 

first-time adoption of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9.

The Daimler Trucks division increased its revenue in the year 
2019 by 5% to €40,235 million (2018: €38,273 million). The 
division achieved EBIT of €2,463 million (2018: €2,753 million). 
Its return on sales was below the prior-year figure at 6.1% 
(2018: 7.2%).  B.12

In particular, higher unit sales in the NAFTA region and positive 
exchange-rate effects boosted EBIT. Further positive effects 
resulted from better pricing across all brands. Lower volumes, 
especially in the EU30 region and Asia, adversely affected 
earnings. Additional negative effects resulted from the adjust-
ment of used-vehicle valuation. EBIT was also reduced by 
higher expenditures for new technologies as well as by costs in 
connection with capacity adjustments.

Due to higher unit sales and a more favorable model mix, the 
Mercedes-Benz Vans division’s revenue increased in the year 
2019 by 9% to €14,801 million (2018: €13,626 million). EBIT 
amounted to minus €3,085 million (2018: plus €312 million). 
The division’s return on sales decreased to minus 20.8% (2018: 
plus 2.3%).  B.12

EBIT was affected by a reassessment of risks relating to ongoing 
governmental and legal proceedings and measures taken with 
regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various regions and 
markets (€2,200 million). EBIT was also reduced by expenses 
in connection with the review and prioritization of the product 
portfolio (€828 million) and an updated risk assessment for an 
expanded recall of vehicles with Takata airbags (€341 million). 
Furthermore, exchange-rate effects adversely affected EBIT. 
On the other hand, EBIT was positively affected by higher unit 
sales and a more favorable model mix.

Due to the positive development of unit sales, the revenue of 
the Daimler Buses division increased by 5% to €4,733 million 
in the year 2019 (2018: €4,529 million). The division posted 
EBIT of €283 million (2018: €265 million). Its return on sales 
was at the prior-year level of 6.0% (2018: 5.9%).  B.12

EBIT was positively affected by strong growth in unit sales in 
Brazil as well as by exchange-rate effects. Negative effects on 
earnings resulted in particular from the lower capitalization of 
development costs.

Daimler Mobility achieved EBIT of €2,140 million in 2019 
(2018: €1,384 million). The division’s return on equity 
increased to 15.3% (2018: 11.1%).  B.15

Earnings increased by €718 million due to the merger of the 
mobility services of Daimler Group and BMW Group in the year 
2019. Growth in contract volume also had a positive impact. 
The normalization of credit risk costs and expenses of €405 
million in connection with the realignment of the YOUR NOW 
group affected EBIT negatively. In the year 2018, earnings had 
been reduced by €418 million due to effects from the conclu-
sion of the Toll Collect arbitration proceedings.

The reconciliation of the divisions’ EBIT to Group EBIT com-
prises gains and/or losses at the corporate level and the 
effects on earnings of eliminating intra-Group transactions 
between the divisions.

Items at the corporate level resulted in expenses of €808 mil-
lion (2018: €757 million). In the year 2019, expenses of €425 
million are included in connection with ongoing governmental 
and legal proceedings and measures taken with regard to 
Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. In the prior year, the impairment 
by €150 million of Daimler’s equity investment in BAIC Motor 
Corporation Ltd. (BAIC Motor) affected earnings negatively. 
Furthermore, expenses are included in both years in connec-
tion with the development of the divisional structure (“Project 
Future”).

The elimination of intra-Group transactions resulted in an 
expense of €23 million in 2019 (2018: €41 million).

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY  73

B.16
Reconciliation of Group EBIT to profit before income taxes

In millions of euros

Group EBIT

Amortization of
capitalized borrowing costs¹

Interest income

Interest expense

2019

2018

4,329

11,132

-16

397

-880

-15

271

-793

Profit before income taxes

3,830

10,595

1  Amortization of capitalized borrowing costs is not included in the 
internal performance measure EBIT, but is a component of cost of 
sales.

The reconciliation of Group EBIT to profit before income taxes 
is shown in table  B.16.

Change in the internal management and reporting structure 
as of January 1, 2020
As of January 1, 2020, changes have taken place in connection 
with the internal management and reporting structure and  
thus with the reportable segments. The Group’s activities are  
now divided into the segments Mercedes-Benz Cars, Mercedes-
Benz Vans, Daimler Trucks & Buses and Daimler Mobility. The 
Mercedes-Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans segments are 
combined for external reporting purposes into the reportable 
segment Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans, in line with the type of 
products and services offered as well as the brands, distribu-
tion channels and customer profiles.

In addition, as explained in the Corporate Profile section in the 
chapter on financial performance measures, we now report 
adjusted EBIT in addition to EBIT for the Daimler Group and for 
the segments from the year 2020 onwards.

Table  B.17 shows the reconciliation from EBIT as booked to 
adjusted EBIT for both the Daimler Group and the segments for 
the financial year 2019.

The adjustments in connection with legal proceedings comprise 
expenses from the reassessment of risks relating to ongoing 
governmental and legal proceedings and measures taken with 
regard to Mercedes-Benz Cars diesel vehicles in various regions 
and markets, as well as expenses in connection with the 
updated risk assessment for an extended recall of Takata airbags. 
The material adjustments in connection with restructuring 
measures comprise expenses from the realignment of the 
YOUR NOW group and expenses in connection with the review 
and prioritization of the product portfolio. The effects in  
connection with M&A transactions comprise income from the 
merger of the mobility services of Daimler Group and BMW 
Group.

B.17
Reconciliation EBIT to adjusted EBIT

In millions of euros

2019

EBIT

  Legal proceedings (and related measures)
  as well as Takata

  Restructuring measures

  M&A transactions

Adjusted EBIT

Mercedes- 
Benz Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes-
Benz Vans

Daimler 
Buses

Daimler 
Mobility

Recon-
ciliation

Daimler
Group

3,359

2,463

-3,085

283

2,140

-831

4,329

2,482

–

–

–

–

–

5,841

2,463

2,541

828

–

284

1.9

–

–

–

–

405

-718

425

–

–

5,448

1,233

-718

283

1,827

-406

10,292

6.0

13.1

Adjusted return on sales/return on equity (in %)1

6.2

6.1

1  Adjusted return on sales is the ratio of adjusted EBIT to sales. Adjusted return on equity is the ratio of adjusted EBIT to average equity on a quarterly 

basis.

74  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY 

Statement of income

The Group’s total revenue increased by 3.2% to €172.7 billion 
in 2019; adjusted for exchange-rate effects, it increased by 
2.2%. The development of revenue was positively affected  
primarily by stronger pricing for new vehicles at the Daimler 
Trucks division and growth in contract volume at Daimler 
Mobility.  B.18

Cost of sales amounted to €143.6 billion in 2019, increasing 
by 6.9% compared with the previous year. In 2019, a reassess-
ment of risks relating to ongoing governmental and legal pro-
ceedings and measures taken with regard to Mercedes-Benz 
diesel vehicles in various regions and markets as well as 
expenses in connection with an updated risk assessment for 
an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata airbags adversely 
affected cost of sales at the Mercedes-Benz Cars and 
Mercedes-Benz Vans segments. Cost of sales also include 
expenses in connection with a review and prioritization of the 
product portfolio at the Mercedes-Benz Vans division. The 
increase in cost of sales was also caused by higher business 
volumes and consequentially higher material expenses. At 
Daimler Mobility, the normalization of credit-risk costs affected 
cost of sales. Further information on cost of sales is provided 
in E Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial State-
ments.  B.18

Overall, gross profit in relation to revenue decreased 
from 19.8% to 16.9%.

Selling expenses decreased by €0.3 billion to €12.8 billion.  
As a percentage of revenue, selling expenses decreased from 
7.8% to 7.4%.  B.18

General administrative expenses of €4.1 billion were at prior 
year level (2018: €4.0 billion). As a percentage of revenue,  
general administrative expenses decreased slightly to 2.3% 
(2018: 2.4%).  B.18

Research and non-capitalized development costs of €6.6 
billion in 2019 remained at the prior-year level. They were 
mainly related to the development of new models, advance 
expenditure for the renewal of existing models, and the fur-
ther development of fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly 
drive systems as well as safety technologies, automated and 
autonomous driving and the digital connectivity of our prod-
ucts. As a proportion of revenue, research and non-capitalized 
development costs decreased from 3.9% to 3.8%. Further 
information on the Group’s research and development costs  
is provided in the Research and Development section of the 
Sustainability chapter of this Combined Management Report. 
 B.18

Other operating income of €2.8 billion (2018: €2.3 billion) 
was above the level of the previous year. In 2019, it included 
income of €0.7 billion from the merger of the business units 
for mobility services of Daimler Group and BMW Group. In 
2018, income from insurance compensation of €0.2 billion was 
included. Other operating expense increased to €4.5 billion 
(2018: €1.5 billion). Compared with the prior year, it included 
higher expenses in connection with ongoing governmental and 
legal proceedings and measures in the segments Mercedes-
Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans relating to Mercedes-Benz 
diesel vehicles in various regions and markets. Further infor-
mation on the composition of other operating income and 
expense is provided in E Note 6 of the Notes to the Consoli-
dated Financial Statements.  B.18

B.18
Statement of income

In millions of euros

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Selling expenses

General administrative expenses

Research and non-capitalized
development costs

Other operating income

Other operating
expense

Profit/loss on equity-method investments, net

Other financial income/expense, net

Interest income

Interest expense

Profit before income taxes

Income taxes

Net profit

thereof profit
attributable to non-controlling interests

thereof profit
attributable to shareholders of Daimler AG

Consolidated

Industrial Business

Daimler Mobility

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

172,745

167,362

144,099

141,093

-143,580

-134,295

-118,626

-111,589

25,473

-12,038

-3,139

29,504

-12,174

-3,075

-6,586

1,927

-4,444

1,245

-265

394

-868

1,699

-505

1,194

-6,581

2,137

-1,404

1,108

218

270

-788

9,215

-2,615

6,600

29,165

-12,801

-4,050

-6,586

2,837

33,067

-13,067

-4,036

-6,581

2,330

-4,469

-1,462

479

-262

397

-880

3,830

-1,121

2,709

656

210

271

-793

10,595

-3,013

7,582

332

333

2,377

7,249

28,646

-24,954

3,692

26,269

-22,706

3,563

-763

-911

–

910

-25

-766

3

3

-12

2,131

-616

1,515

-893

-961

–

193

-58

-452

-8

1

-5

1,380

-398

982

In 2019, the profit from equity-method investments of €0.5 
billion was lower than the prior-year level (2018: €0.7 billion). 
Both years include losses from Daimler Mobility companies. In 
the year 2019, losses of €0.8 billion from the YOUR NOW group 
reduced the profit from equity-method investments. In the year 
2018, the agreement to conclude the Toll Collect arbitration 
proceedings had a negative effect on earnings of €0.4 billion. 
Also in the year 2018, a negative impact resulted from the 
impairment by €0.2 billion of the investment in BAIC Motor.  
 B.18

Other financial expense/income worsened from income of 
€0.2 billion to an expense of €0.3 billion. Of that decrease, 
€0.2 billion is the result of the measurement at fair value of the 
interest in Aston Martin. Furthermore, an additional expense  
of €0.2 billion occurred from decreasing discount rates for pro-
visions for other risks.  B.18

Net interest expense amounted to €0.5 billion (2018: €0.5 
billion).  B.18

The tax expense of €1.1 billion (2018: €3.0 billion) stated under 
income tax expense decreased mainly due to the decline in 
profit before income taxes. The effective tax rate for 2019 was 
29.3% (2018: 28.4%).  B.18

Net profit of €2.7 billion (2018: €7.6 billion) is significantly 
below the prior-year figure. Net profit of €0.3 billion is attrib-
utable to non-controlling interests (2018: €0.3 billion).  
Net profit attributable to the shareholders of Daimler AG 
amounts to €2.4 billion (2018: €7.2 billion), representing  
a decrease in earnings per share to €2.22 (2018: €6.78).  
 B.18

The calculation of earnings per share is based on an unchanged 
average number of outstanding shares of 1,069.8 million.

Dividend

In line with a sustainable dividend policy, Daimler sets the divi-
dend based on a distribution ratio of 40% of the net profit 
attributable to Daimler shareholders. We also take into consid-
eration the free cash flow from the industrial business when 
setting the dividend. The Board of Management and the Super-
visory Board will propose to the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 
to be held on April 1, 2019 that a dividend of €0.90 per share 
be distributed for financial year 2019 (2018: €3.25). This corre-
sponds to a total dividend distribution to our shareholders of 
€1.0 billion (2018: €3.5 billion).]  B.19

Net operating profit

Table  B.20 shows the reconciliation of the EBIT of the divi-
sions to net operating profit. In addition to the EBIT of the divi-
sions, net operating profit also includes earnings effects for 
which the divisions are not accountable, such as income taxes 
and other reconciliation items.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY  75

B.19
Dividend per share

3.25

3.25

3.65

3.25

0.90

In euros

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

B.20
Reconciliation to net operating profit

In millions of euros

Mercedes-Benz Cars

Daimler Trucks

Mercedes-Benz Vans

Daimler Buses

Daimler Mobility

EBIT of the divisions

Income taxes1

Other reconciliation

Net operating profit

2019

2018

19/18

% change

3,359

2,463

-3,085

283

2,140

5,160

-1,261

-831

3,068

7,216

2,753

312

265

1,384

11,930

-3,169

-798

7,963

-53

-11

.

+7

+55

-57

-60

+4

-61

1  Adjusted for tax effects on interest income/expense and  

amortization of capitalized borrowing costs.

Value Added

As described in the Performance Measurement System section 
of the Corporate Profile chapter in chart  B.03, the cost of 
capital is the product of net assets and cost of capital 
expressed as a percentage, which is subtracted from earnings 
in order to calculate value added. Tables  B.21 and  B.22 
show value added and net assets for the Group and for the 
individual divisions. Table  B.23 shows how net assets are 
derived from the consolidated statement of financial position.

The Group’s value added decreased by €5.7 billion to minus 
€2.0 billion in 2019, representing a return on net assets of 4.8% 
(2018: 14.8%). The minimum required rate of return of 8% was 
therefore not achieved in the year under review. The significant 
decrease in value added was mainly due to the development of 
the divisions’ EBIT. In addition, further negative effects on 
value added resulted from the sharp increase of €9.9 billion in 
average net assets caused by higher investments in non-cur-
rent assets, the first-time capitalization of right-of-use assets 
from leasing contracts and increased average inventories. 
These effects were partially compensated by higher provisions 
for other risks.

Value added at Mercedes-Benz Cars of minus €0.5 billion was 
significantly below the prior-year amount of €4.1 billion. This 
was primarily due to the negative earnings development. An 
additional negative impact on value added resulted from the 
increase in average net assets to €32.4 billion mainly caused 
by higher investments in non-current assets as well as the 
first-time capitalization of right-of-use assets from leasing con-
tracts. In addition, average net assets were also impacted by 
rising average inventories, partially offset by higher provisions 
for other risks.

Daimler Trucks’ value added fell by €0.5 billion compared to 
previous year as a result of the development of earnings and 
the increase in average net assets of €2.0 billion. This increase 
resulted from the first-time capitalization of right-of-use assets 
from leasing contracts and an increase in average inventories.

At Mercedes-Benz Vans, value added decreased significantly 
by €3.3 billion to minus €3.4 billion, reflecting the sharp 
decline in earnings. On the other hand, higher provisions for 
other risks led to lower average net assets, which partially off-
set the negative development of value added.

The value added of the Daimler Buses division of €110 million 
remains nearly unchanged (2018: €117 million). Average net 
assets increased slightly to €1.4 billion.

Value added at Daimler Mobility of €0.3 billion was higher than 
the prior-year level of minus €0.2 billion. The division’s return 
on equity amounted to 15.3% (2018: 11.1%). The development of 
value added primarily reflects the increase in earnings of €0.8 
billion. On the other hand, the rise in average equity of €1.5 bil-
lion had a negative impact on value added.

76  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | PROFITABILITY 

B.21
Value added

In millions of euros

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Daimler Group

-2.032

3.658

Mercedes-Benz Cars

Daimler Trucks

Mercedes-Benz Vans

Daimler Buses

Daimler Mobility

B.22
Net assets (average)

In millions of euros

Mercedes-Benz Cars

Daimler Trucks

Mercedes-Benz Vans

Daimler Buses
Daimler Mobility1

Net assets of the divisions
Equity-method investments2

Assets and liabilities from 
income taxes3
Other reconciliation3

-532

1.230

-3.375

110

325

4.062

1.765

-91

117

-236

2019

2018

19/18

% change

32,418

10,274

2,412

1,440

13,961

60,505

980

2,720

-459

26,289

8,240

3,355

1,233

12,466

51,583

1,066

1,707

-547

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Daimler Group

63,746

53,809

1  Total equity.
2  To the extent not allocated to the segments.
3  To the extent not allocated to Daimler Mobility.

B.23
Net assets of the Daimler Group at year-end

In millions of euros

Net assets1

Intangible assets

Property, plant and 
equipment

Leased assets

Inventories

Trade receivables

Less provisions for other risks

Less trade payables

Less other assets and 
liabilities

Assets and liabilities from 
income taxes1

Total equity of 
Daimler Mobility

15,045

13,872

36,782

18,799

28,420

11,045

-19,865

-11,896

30,859

18,509

28,096

10,545

-14,604

-13,395

-33,624

-31,832

2,559

1,671

14,983

12,810

Daimler Group

62,248

56,531

1  To the extent not allocated to Daimler Mobility.

.

.

-30

.

-6

.

+23

+25

-28

+17

+12

+17

-8

+59

-16

+18

+8

+19

+2

+1

+5

+36

-11

+6

+53

+17

+10

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  77

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Principles and objectives of financial  
management

Financial management at the Daimler Group consists of capital 
structure management, cash and liquidity management, market-
price risk management (foreign exchange rates, interest rates 
and commodity prices), as well as pension-asset management 
and credit and financial country risk management. Worldwide 
financial management is performed within the framework of 
legal requirements consistently for all Group entities by the 
Treasury department of the Daimler Group. Financial manage-
ment operates within a framework of guidelines, limits and 
benchmarks, and on the operational level is organizationally 
separate from other financial functions such as settlement, 
financial controlling, reporting and accounting.

Capital structure management designs the capital structure 
for the Group and its subsidiaries. Decisions regarding the cap-
italization of Daimler’s mobility, production, sales or financing 
companies are based on the principles of cost-optimized and 
risk-optimized liquidity and capital resources.

The purpose of liquidity management is to enable the Group 
to meet its payment obligations at any time. For this purpose, 
the Group records the cash flows from operating and financial 
activities in a rolling plan. The resulting financial requirements 
are covered by the use of appropriate instruments for liquidity 
management (e.g. bank credit, commercial paper and notes); 
liquidity surpluses are invested in the money market or the cap-
ital market taking into account risk and return expectations. 
Our goal is to ensure the level of liquidity regarded as neces-
sary at optimal costs. Besides operational liquidity, the Daimler 
Group maintains additional liquidity reserves which are avail-
able in the short term. Those additional financial resources 
include a pool of receivables from the financial services busi-
ness which are available for securitization in the capital market, 
as well as a contractually confirmed syndicated credit facility.

Cash management determines the cash requirements and 
surpluses. By means of cash-pooling procedures, liquidity is 
centrally concentrated on bank accounts of the Daimler Group 
in various currencies. Most of the payments between Group 
companies are made through internal clearing accounts, so 
that the number of external cash flows is reduced to a mini-
mum. The Daimler Group has established standardized pro-
cesses and systems to manage its bank accounts and internal 
cash-clearing accounts, and to execute automated payment 
transactions.

Management of market-price risks aims to minimize the 
impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, interest rates 
and commodity prices on the earnings of the divisions and  
the Group. The Group’s overall exposure to these market-price 
risks is determined to provide a basis for hedging decisions, 
which include the definition of hedging volumes and correspond-
ing periods, as well as the selection of hedging instruments. 
The hedging strategy is specified at the Group level and uni-
formly implemented in the segments. Decisions regarding the 
management of risks resulting from fluctuations in foreign 
exchange rates and commodity prices, as well as decisions on 
asset/liability management (liquidity and interest rates), are 
regularly made by the relevant internal committees.

Management of pension assets (plan assets) includes the 
investment of the assets to cover the corresponding pension 
obligations. The plan assets are legally separated from the 
Group’s assets and are invested primarily in funds; they are 
not available for general business purposes. The plan assets 
are spread across various investment categories such as  
equities, fixed-interest securities, alternative investments and 
real estate, depending on the expected development of pen-
sion obligations and with the help of risk-return optimization. 
The performance of asset management is measured by com-
paring with defined reference indices. Local custodians are 
responsible for the risk management of the individual pension 
assets. The Global Pension and Healthcare Committee limits 
these risks by means of Group-wide binding guidelines. Addi-
tional information on pension plans and similar obligations is 
provided in E Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

78  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The risk volume that is subject to credit risk management 
includes all of the Daimler Group’s worldwide creditor posi-
tions with financial institutions, issuers of securities, and cus-
tomers in the financial services business and the automotive 
business. Credit risks with financial institutions and issuers of 
securities arise primarily from investments executed as part  
of our liquidity management and from the application of deriva-
tive financial instruments. The management of these credit 
risks is mainly based on an internal limit system that reflects 
the creditworthiness of the respective financial institution or 
issuer. The credit risk with customers of our automotive busi-
ness results from relationships with contracted dealerships 
and general agencies, other corporate customers and retail 
customers. In connection with the export business, general 
agencies that according to our creditworthiness analyses are 
not sufficiently creditworthy are generally required to provide 
collateral such as first-class bank guarantees. The credit risk 
with end-customers in the financial services business is man-
aged by Daimler Mobility on the basis of a standardized risk 
management process. In this process, minimum requirements 
are defined for the sales-financing and leasing business and 
standards are set for credit processes, as well as for the identi-
fication, measurement and management of risks. Key elements 
for the management of credit risks are appropriate creditwor-
thiness assessments supported by statistical risk-classification 
methods, as well as structured portfolio analysis and portfolio 
monitoring.

Financial country risk management includes various aspects: 
the risk from investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures, 
the risk from the cross-border financing of Group companies in 
risk countries, and the risk from direct sales to customers in 
those countries. The Daimler Group has an internal rating sys-
tem that assigns all countries in which it operates to risk cate-
gories. With equity-capital transactions of considerable magni-
tude in risk countries, the Group generally hedges against 
political risks with the use of investment protection insurance 
such as the German government’s investment guarantees. 
Risks from cross-border receivables are partially protected with 
the use of export credit insurance, letters of credit and bank 
guarantees in favor of Daimler AG. In addition, an internal com-
mittee sets and restricts the level of hard-currency credits 
granted to Daimler Mobility companies in risk countries.

Further information on the management of market-price risk, 
credit risk and liquidity risk is provided in E Note 33 of the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cash flows

Cash provided by operating activities  B.24 amounted to 
€7.9 billion in 2019 (2018: €0.3 billion). The increase was  
primarily due to effects from the leasing and sales-financing 
business. Those effects include a cash inflow of €0.9 billion  
at Daimler Mobility in connection with an off-balance-sheet 
ABS transaction carried out in July. Further overall positive 
effects resulted from working-capital management, in particu-
lar due to the positive development of inventories at all auto-
motive segments. While the development of trade receivables 
also contributed to the positive development of working capi-
tal, changes in trade payables at all automotive segments had 
an opposing effect. Changes in lessee accounting also had a 
positive impact on cash provided by operating activities.

The lower profit before income taxes is primarily related to the 
non-cash-effective increases in provisions included in other 
operating assets and liabilities. Compared to the previous year, 
the lower operating profit led to lower income taxes paid, with 
a positive effect on the cash flow from operating activities. On 
the other hand, the fine of €870 million paid in conclusion of 
the administrative offense proceedings against Daimler AG had 
a negative effect.

Cash used for investing activities  B.24 amounted to 
€10.6 billion (2018: €9.9 billion). The change compared with 
the previous year primarily reflects cash outflows (net) of  
€0.7 billion relating to the merger of the mobility services of 
Daimler Group and BMW Group. The main effect resulted from 
capital increases at the joint ventures. Furthermore, increased 
investments in intangible assets also affected cash used for 
investing activities. However, positive effects resulted from the 
acquisition and sale of marketable debt securities and similar 
investments conducted in the context of liquidity management. 
Compared to the previous year, there were higher total cash 
inflows (net) in 2019.

Cash provided by financing activities  B.24 amounted  
to €5.6 billion (2018: €13.2 billion). The decrease was primarily 
caused by lower net cash inflows from financing liabilities, 
especially in the context of refinancing the leasing and sales-
financing business. There was also an impact from the intro-
duction of lessee accounting and the associated inclusion in the 
cash flow from financing activities of payments on outstanding 
leasing liabilities.

Cash and cash equivalents increased by €3.0 billion compared 
with December 31, 2018, after taking currency-translation 
effects into account. Total liquidity, which also includes market-
able debt securities and similar investments, increased by €2.1 
billion to €27.5 billion.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  79

B.24
Condensed statement of cash flows

In millions of euros

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Profit before income taxes

Depreciation and amortization/impairments

Other non-cash expense and income and gains/losses on 
disposals of assets

Change in operating assets and liabilities

Inventories

  Trade receivables

  Trade payables

  Receivables from financial services

  Vehicles on operating leases

  Other operating assets and liabilities

Dividends received from equity-method investments

Income taxes paid

Cash used for/provided by operating activities

Additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

Investments in and disposals of shareholdings

Acquisitions and sales of marketable debt securities and 
similar investments

Other

Cash used for investing activities

Change in financing liabilities

Dividends paid

Other transactions with shareholders

Internal equity and financing transactions

Cash used for/provided by financing activities

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 
and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

The parameter used by Daimler to measure the financial capa-
bility of the Group’s industrial business is the free cash flow 
of the industrial business  B.25, which is derived from the 
reported cash flows from operating and investing activities. 
The cash flows from the acquisition and sale of marketable 
debt securities and similar investments included in cash flows 
from investing activities are deducted, as those securities are 
allocated to liquidity and changes in them are thus not a part 
of the free cash flow of the industrial business. In contrast,  
the recognition and measurement of right-of-use assets, which 
result from the change in lessee accounting and are largely 
non-cash items, are included in the free cash flow of the indus-
trial business.

Consolidated

Industrial Business

Daimler Mobility

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

15,853

3,830

7,751

12,072

10,595

6,305

12,799

1,699

7,597

9,515

9,215

6,177

3,054

2,131

154

-737

-1,050

-824

-1,557

99

-346

-1,625

-4,664

-1,156

5,641

1,202

-2,107

7,888

-10,835

-1,225

1,054

399

-10,607

9,404

-3,740

-36

–

-3,850

-884

1,694

-10,257

-1,609

877

1,380

-2,858

343

-10,701

-417

471

726

-9,921

17,456

-4,220

-10

–

5,628

13,226

1

-410

-1,651

-8

550

5,789

1,201

-959

12,985

-10,645

-582

883

358

-9,986

6,760

-3,725

-26

-2,767

242

-3,738

-779

1,723

-7

1,208

1,067

1,304

-1,698

12,915

-10,534

14

505

708

-9,307

8,889

-4,215

-20

-5,127

-473

87

98

64

26

-4,656

-1,706

-148

1

-1,148

-5,097

-190

-643

171

41

-621

2,644

-15

-10

2,767

5,386

121

133

112

149

9

18,883

15,853

16,152

12,799

2,731

2,557

1,380

128

507

-112

-105

-29

-10,250

-2,817

-190

76

-1,160

-12,572

-167

-431

-34

18

-614

8,567

-5

10

5,127

13,699

-16

3,054

B.25
Free cash flow of the industrial business

In millions of euros

Cash provided 
by operating activities

Cash used for 
investing activities

Change in marketable 
debt securities and similar 
investments

Right-of-use assets

Other adjustments

Free cash flow of the 
industrial business

2019

2018

19/18

Change

12,985

12,915

-9,986

-9,307

-883

-987

239

-505

–

-205

+70

-679

-378

-987

+444

1,368

2,898

-1,530

 
80  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

B.26
Reconciliation from CFBIT to the free cash flow of the
industrial business

In millions of euros

CFBIT automotive segments

Income taxes paid

Interest paid

Other reconciling items

Free cash flow of the industrial business

2019

3,499

-959

-388

-784

1,368

Other adjustments mainly relate to the acquisitions and dispos-
als of shareholdings within the Group resulting from “Project 
Future” and are reversed in the free cash flow of the industrial 
business. Furthermore, effects from the financing of dealer-
ships and effects from internal deposits within the Group are 
adjusted. In addition, the calculation of the free cash flow 
includes the cash flows to be shown under cash provided by 
financing activities in connection with the acquisition or  
disposal of interests in subsidiaries without loss of control.

The free cash flow of the industrial business amounted to 
€1.4 billion in 2019 and was significantly lower than the prior-
year figure of €2.9 billion. The free cash flow of the industrial 
business was thus in line with the adjusted forecast made in 
the Outlook section of the Interim Report on the second quar-
ter of 2019. However, the target stated in the Outlook section 
of Annual Report 2018 that the free cash flow of the industrial 
business would probably be slightly higher than in the previous 
year was not met.

B.27
Reconciliation CFBIT to adjusted CFBIT of the automotive segments

In millions of euros

2019

CFBIT

  Legal proceedings (and related measures)

CFBIT adjusted

EBIT adjusted

Cash conversion rate adjusted1

The decrease of €1.5 billion in the free cash flow of the indus-
trial business to €1.4 billion resulted from a number of factors, 
primarily the fine paid in conclusion of the administrative 
offense proceedings against Daimler AG. As well as the nega-
tive effects relating to the recognition and measurement of 
right-of-use assets, additional effects on the free cash flow of 
the industrial business resulted from the negative development 
of operating leases and increased investments in intangible 
assets. Furthermore, increased cash outflows (net) for the 
acquisition and disposal of shareholdings also contributed neg-
atively. On the other hand, the development of working capital 
and lower income tax payments had a positive impact.

Apart from derivation on the basis of cash flows from operat-
ing and investing activities, the free cash flow of the industrial 
business can be derived from the cash flows before interest 
and taxes (CFBIT) of the automotive segments  B.26.

The CFBIT of the automotive segments is derived from EBIT 
and the change in net assets and includes additions to right-of-
use assets.

The reconciliation from the CFBIT of the automotive segments 
to the free cash flow of the industrial business also includes 
income taxes and interest paid. Other reconciling items include 
eliminations between the segments and amounts allocated to 
the industrial business but for which the automotive segments 
are not accountable.

Starting from financial year 2020, apart from the free cash flow 
of the industrial business, the adjusted cash conversion rates 
of the automotive segments will also be forecast and reported.

Table  B.27 shows for each of the automotive segments the 
reconciliation from CFBIT to adjusted CFBIT, as well as the 
adjusted cash conversion rate.

Mercedes-
Benz Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes-
Benz Vans

Daimler 
Buses

Sum
automotive 
segments

851

653

1,504

5,841

2,431

–

2,431

2,463

0.3

1.0

-83

482

399

284

1.4

300

–

300

283

1.1

3,499

1,135

4,634

8,871

1  Cash conversion rate adjusted is the relationship of CFBIT adjusted to EBIT adjusted.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  81

The adjustments from legal proceedings include all payments 
by the automotive segments in connection with ongoing gov-
ernmental and legal proceedings and related measures taken 
with regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles.

In 2019, the free cash flow of the Daimler Group led to a cash 
outflow of €4.8 billion (2018: €10.2 billion). Besides the effects 
of the free cash flow of the industrial business, the free cash 
flow of the Daimler Group is mainly affected by the leasing and 
sales-financing business of Daimler Mobility. Additional effects 
resulted from the cash outflows (net) relating to the merger of 
the mobility services of Daimler Group and BMW Group.

The net liquidity of the industrial business  B.28 is calcu-
lated as the total amount as shown in the statement of finan-
cial position of cash, cash equivalents and the marketable debt 
securities and similar investments included in liquidity man-
agement, less the currency-hedged nominal amounts of financ-
ing liabilities.

To the extent that the Group’s internal refinancing of the finan-
cial services business is provided by the companies of the 
industrial business, this amount is deducted in the calculation 
of the net debt of the industrial business.

Due to the introduction of lessee accounting according to 
IFRS 16 and the associated recognition of leasing liabilities, 
the net liquidity of the industrial business decreased by €3.2 
billion to €13.1 billion at January 1, 2019. Since the beginning  
of the year, net liquidity decreased by a further €2.1 billion to 
€11.0 billion. The main driver of the decrease in net liquidity 
was the dividend payment to Daimler AG shareholders, which 
was only partly offset by the positive free cash flow of the 
industrial business.

Net debt at Group level, which primarily results from refinancing 
the leasing and sales-financing business, increased compared 
with December 31, 2018 by €14.1 billion to €133.7 billion. The 
effect resulting from the introduction of lessee accounting is 
€3.4 billion.  B.29.

B.28
Net liquidity of the industrial business

In millions of euros

Dec. 31,
2019

Dec. 31,
2018

19/18

Change

Cash and cash equivalents

16,152

12,799

+3,353

Marketable debt securities 
and similar investments

Liquidity

Financing liabilities

Market valuation and 
currency hedges for 
financing liabilities

Financing liabilities 
(nominal)

Net liquidity

7,522

23,674

-13,289

8,364

21,163

-4,771

-842

+2,511

-8,518

612

-104

+716

-12,677

10,997

-4,875

16,288

-7,802

-5,291

B.29
Net debt of the Daimler Group

In millions of euros

Dec. 31,
2019

Dec. 31,
2018

19/18

Change

Cash and cash equivalents

18,883

15,853

+3,030

Marketable debt securities 
and similar investments

Liquidity

Financing liabilities

Market valuation and 
currency hedges for 
financing liabilities

Financing liabilities 
(nominal)

Net debt

8,655

27,538

9,577

25,430

-161,780

-144,902

-922

+2,108

-16,878

579

-97

+676

-161,201

-133,663

-144,999

-119,569

-16,202

-14,094

82  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

B.30
Investment in property, plant and equipment

In billions of euros

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

B.31
Investment in property, plant and 
equipment by division

Contingent liabilities and other financial  
obligations

At December 31, 2019, the best estimate for potential obligations 
from contingent liabilities is €1.6 billion (2018: €0.8 billion).

In the context of its ordinary business operations, the Group 
has also entered into other financial obligations in addition 
to the liabilities shown in the consolidated statement of finan-
cial position at December 31, 2019. These financial obligations 
result from contractual commitments to acquire intangible 
assets, property, plant and equipment and leased property, 
and irrevocable loan commitments.

Detailed information on contingent liabilities and other finan-
cial obligations is provided in E Note 31 of the Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

In millions of euros

Daimler Group

in % of revenue

Mercedes-Benz Cars

in % of revenue

Daimler Trucks

in % of revenue

Mercedes-Benz Vans

in % of revenue

Daimler Buses

in % of revenue

Daimler Mobility

in % of revenue

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Investments

7,199

4.2

5,629

6.0

971

2.4

240

1.6

134

2.8

87

0.3

7,534

4.5

5,684

6.1

1,105

2.9

468

3.4

144

3.2

64

0.2

-4

-1

-12

-49

-7

+36

In the context of our strategy of strengthening our core busi-
ness and with the transformation of the automotive industry, we 
aim to make good use of the opportunities presented by the 
global automotive markets. In this context, we always focus on 
the dynamically changing wishes of our customers. We there-
fore aim to play a major role in shaping the fundamental techno-
logical change taking place in the automotive industry. This 
applies in particular to the electrification of our product range 
and the digital connectivity of our products and processes at all 
stages of the value chain. Achieving this goal will continue to 
require substantial investments in innovative products and new 
technologies, as well as in the expansion of our worldwide pro-
duction network. In 2019, our investments in property, plant and 
equipment – as already announced in Annual Report 2018 – 
once again reached the very high level of €7.2 billion (2018: €7.5 
billion).

At December 31, 2019, financial obligations of €3.7 billion exist 
in connection with future investments in property, plant and 
equipment (2018: €4.3 billion).

At Mercedes-Benz Cars, investments in property, plant and 
equipment remained at the very high level of €5.6 billion in 
2019 (2018: €5.7 billion), primarily due to the ongoing product 
offensive. The most important projects included the successor 
generation of the current C-Class and the product ramp-up  
of the new GLE sports utility vehicle. We also made substantial 
investments in the reorganization of our German production 
facilities as competence centers, in the expansion of our inter-
national production network, and in the worldwide production 
network for electric mobility. The main areas of investment at 
Daimler Trucks in 2019 were successor generations for existing 
products, new products, global component projects and the 
optimization of the worldwide production and sales network. 
Total investment in property, plant and equipment at Daimler 

 
 
 
 
 
 
B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  83

Trucks amounted to €1.0 billion (2018: €1.1 billion). At the 
Mercedes-Benz Vans division, the focus of investment was on 
the further electrification of the Sprinter, Vito and V-Class 
model series. The main investments at Daimler Buses last year 
were in new products and the modernization of the production 
network.

Furthermore, we capitalized development costs of €3.1 billion 
in 2019 (2018: €2.5 billion); this is presented under intangible 
assets in E Note 10.

Refinancing

The funds raised by Daimler in the year 2019 primarily served 
to refinance the leasing and sales-financing business. For 
 that purpose, Daimler made use of a broad spectrum of vari-
ous financing instruments in various currencies and markets. 
They include bank loans, commercial paper in the money mar-
ket, bonds with medium and long maturities, promissory-note 
loans, customer deposits at Mercedes-Benz Bank, and the 
securitization of receivables from customers in the financial 
services business (asset-backed securities).

Various issuance programs are available for raising longer-term 
funds in the capital market. They include the Euro Medium 
Term Note program (EMTN) with a total volume of €70 billion, 
under which Daimler AG and several subsidiaries can issue 
bonds in various currencies. Other local capital-market pro-
grams exist, which are significantly smaller than the EMTN pro-
gram. Capital-market programs allow flexible, repeated access 
to the capital markets.

The monetary policy of the central banks also affected the situ-
ation in the bond markets significantly in the reporting period. 
The high volumes of available liquidity meant that risk premi-
ums for companies with investment-grade credit ratings largely 
remained moderate.

In the year under review, the Group covered its refinancing 
requirements mainly through the issuance of bonds. A large 
proportion of those bonds were placed in the form of so-called 
benchmark issuances (bonds with high nominal volumes) in the 
US dollar and euro markets.  B.33

In the Chinese market, Daimler placed four so-called panda 
bonds with a total volume of CNY 10.0 billion. In addition, a 
large number of smaller bonds were issued in various curren-
cies and markets.

B.32
Refinancing instruments

Average interest rates

Carrying values

Dec. 31,
2019

Dec. 31,
2018

Dec. 31,
2019

Dec. 31,
2018

in %

In millions of euros

2.03

2.24

99,557

88,942

2.68

3.73

39,811

39,400

0.50

0.58

13,119

11,774

Volume

Month of
emission

Maturity

€1,500 million

Feb. 2019

Feb. 2023

€1,000 million

Feb. 2019

Jun. 2026

Notes/bonds and 
liabilities from 
ABS transactions

Liabilities to 
financial institutions

Deposits in the direct 
banking business

B.33
Benchmark issuances

Issuer

Daimler International 
Finance B.V.

Daimler International 
Finance B.V.

Daimler AG

€750 million

Feb. 2019

Feb. 2031

Daimler Finance North 
America LLC

Daimler Finance North 
America LLC

Daimler Finance North 
America LLC

Daimler AG

Daimler AG

Daimler AG

Daimler AG

Daimler Finance 
North America LLC

Daimler Finance 
North America LLC

Daimler Finance 
North America LLC

Daimler Finance 
North America LLC

Daimler International 
Finance B.V.

Daimler International 
Finance B.V.

US$1,900 million

Feb. 2019

Feb. 2022

US$600 million

Feb. 2019

Feb. 2024

US$500 million

Feb. 2019

Feb. 2029

€750 million

Aug. 2019

Feb. 2024

€1,000 million

Aug. 2019

Nov. 2026

€750 million

Aug. 2019

Feb. 2030

€500 million

Aug. 2019

Aug. 2034

US$1,500 million

Aug. 2019

Feb. 2022

US$1,250 million

Aug. 2019

Aug. 2022

US$750 million

Aug. 2019

Jun. 2024

US$500 million

Aug. 2019

Aug. 2029

€1,750 million

Nov. 2019

Nov. 2023

€1,250 million

Nov. 2019 Mai. 2027

Daimler AG

€1,000 million

Nov. 2019

Nov. 2031

84  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Daimler also issued small volumes of commercial paper in 
2019.

At the end of 2019, Daimler had unutilized short- and long-term 
credit lines totaling €28.1 billion (2018: €26.8 billion).

In 2019, asset-backed securities (ABS) were issued in five 
countries worldwide. In the United States, a total refinancing 
volume of USD 8.7 billion was generated in six transactions, 
and in Canada, a total volume of CAD 1.0 billion in two transac-
tions. In Australia, two transactions were conducted in a total 
volume of AUD 1.26 billion. For the first time, €0.5 billion was 
successfully placed with investors in Italy. Furthermore, an 
ABS transaction with a volume of CNY 8.5 billion was placed in 
China.

Bank credit was another important source of refinancing in 
2019. Loans were provided by globally active banks as well as 
by nationally operating banks. The lenders also included supra-
national banks such as the European Investment Bank and the 
Brazilian Development Bank.

Since July 2018, Daimler has had at its disposal a syndicated 
credit facility with a volume of €11 billion from a consortium of 
international banks. After the exercise of an extension option 
of one year beyond the original term, it grants Daimler addi-
tional financial flexibility until 2024. The term can be extended 
for another year until 2025. Daimler does not intend to utilize 
the credit line.

The carrying values of the main refinancing instruments and 
the weighted average interest rates are shown in table  B.32. 
At December 31, 2019, they are mainly denominated in the 
following currencies: 42% in euros, 27% in US dollars, 8% in 
Chinese renminbi, 4% in British pounds, 3% in Canadian 
dollars and 3% in Japanese yen.

At December 31, 2019, the total of financial liabilities shown in 
the consolidated statement of financial position amounted to 
€161.8 billion (2018: €144.9 billion).

Detailed information on the amounts and terms of the main 
items of financing liabilities is provided in E Notes 24 and 33 
of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 
E Note 33 also provides information on the maturities of the 
other financial liabilities.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  85

Credit ratings

The credit ratings of Daimler AG changed in 2019 with four of 
the agencies we have engaged to provide ratings. Moody’s and 
S&P downgraded their short-term and long-term ratings by  
one notch. Both agencies changed the outlook from “stable” to 
“negative.” DBRS also changed the trend on the long-term rating 
from “stable” to “negative.” With Fitch, our short-term rating 
was upgraded by one notch to F1.  B.34

On May 21, 2019, Fitch Ratings (Fitch) affirmed its long-term 
issuer default rating for Daimler AG of A- with a stable outlook. 
Fitch emphasized Daimler’s strong business profile and the 
leading positions of its automotive divisions. At the same time, 
Fitch upgraded its short-term rating from F2 to F1. This step 
was taken with reference to the Group’s good financial situa-
tion and financial flexibility.

The European rating agency Scope Ratings (Scope) confirmed 
its issuer rating of A for Daimler AG and its financing com-
panies on December 17, 2019. Scope assumes that Daimler  
will continue to maintain its leading market position with 
Mercedes-Benz Cars and Daimler Trucks. The Group’s diversi-
fied global presence also supports the rating. Daimler’s  
financial risk profile in view of the significant surplus liquidity 
continues to be a key factor for the rating.

On December 12, 2019, S&P Global Ratings (S&P) lowered its 
long-term issuer rating for Daimler AG from A to A-. The out-
look was assessed as “negative.” The short-term rating was 
altered from A-1 to A-2. S&P explained this action primarily 
with Daimler’s significantly reduced earnings guidance. In addi-
tion, S&P believes Daimler remains exposed to multiple head-
winds. They include the transition of its product portfolio to 
electric vehicles, the challenge of complying with stricter Euro-
pean CO2 targets, geopolitical risks for world trade, intensify-
ing competition and the execution of Daimler’s planned 
restructuring program.

B.34
Credit ratings

Long-term credit rating

S&P

Moody's

Fitch

Scope

DBRS

Short-term credit rating

S&P

Moody's

Fitch

Scope

DBRS

End of 2019 End of 2018

A–

A3

A–

A

A

A-2

P-2

F1

S-1

A

A2

A–

A

A

A-1

P-1

F2

S-1

R-1 (low)

R-1 (low)

Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) downgraded its long-
term credit rating for Daimler AG and its subsidiaries included 
in the rating from A2 to A3 on December 13, 2019. The outlook 
was changed to “negative.” The short-term rating was down-
graded to P-2. Moody’s explained this step with Daimler’s 
reduced earnings guidance for the coming years and the addi-
tionally anticipated restructuring costs from the announced 
efficiency program. Moody’s also sees challenges in the 
changeover of the product portfolio to battery-electric vehi-
cles, as well as from a potential general decline in demand for 
light vehicles.

The Canadian agency DBRS confirmed its long-term rating for 
Daimler AG at A in a press release on November 28, 2019. 
However, the trend was changed from “stable” to “negative.” 
DBRS stated that this change reflects Daimler’s recently 
weaker earnings and the structural headwinds in our core auto-
motive business. The trend on the short-term rating of R-1 
(low) was maintained at “stable.”

86  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | FINANCIAL POSITION 

Financial Position

The balance sheet total increased compared with December 31, 
2018 from €281.6 billion to €302.4 billion; the increase inclu-
des effects from currency translation of €3.1 billion. Adjusted 
for the effects of currency translation, the increase amounts  
to €17.7 billion. Daimler Mobility accounts for €174.8 billion of 
the balance sheet total (2018: €165.3 billion), equivalent to 
58% of the Daimler Group’s total assets (2018: 59%).

The increase in total assets primarily reflects the higher 
volume of the financial services business as well as increased 

cash and cash equivalents. In addition, the recognition and 
measurement of right-of-use assets due to changed lessee 
accounting led to an increase in property, plant and equipment 
(see E Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements). On the liabilities side of the balance sheet, there 
were increases primarily in financing liabilities (including liabili-
ties from lease contracts) and provisions, while equity decre-
ased compared with December 31, 2018. Table  B.35 shows 
the condensed statement of financial position for the Group as 
well as for the industrial business and Daimler Mobility.

B.35
Condensed statement of
financial position

In millions of euros

Assets

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Equipment on operating leases

Receivables from financial services

Equity-method investments

Inventories

Trade receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Marketable debt securities and similar investments

  thereof current

  thereof non-current

Other financial assets

Other assets

Assets held for sale

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Equity

Provisions

Financing liabilities

  thereof current

  thereof non-current

Trade payables

Other financial liabilities

Contract and refund liabilities

Other liabilities

Liabilities held for sale

Total equity and liabilities

Consolidated

Industrial Business

Daimler Mobility

At December 31,
2018

2019

At December 31,
2018

2019

At December 31,
2018

2019

15,978

37,143

51,482

103,661

5,949

29,757

12,332

18,883

8,655

7,885

770

6,083

12,515

–

302,438

62,841

30,652

161,780

62,601

99,179

12,707

9,864

13,631

10,963

–

14,801

30,948

49,476

96,740

4,860

29,489

12,586

15,853

9,577

8,855

722

5,733

11,025

531

281,619

66,053

22,955

144,902

56,240

88,662

14,185

10,032

12,519

10,761

212

15,077

36,782

18,799

-88

4,842

28,420

11,045

16,152

7,522

7,420

102

-13,283

2,349

–

13,913

30,859

18,509

-90

4,651

28,096

10,545

12,799

8,364

8,362

2

-12,719

1,376

–

901

361

32,683

103,749

1,107

1,337

1,287

2,731

1,133

465

668

19,366

10,166

–

888

89

30,967

96,830

209

1,393

2,041

3,054

1,213

493

720

18,452

9,649

531

127,617

116,303

174,821

165,316

47,858

29,473

13,289

-21,218

34,507

11,896

6,224

13,239

5,638

–

53,243

21,942

4,771

-20,993

25,764

13,395

5,888

12,146

4,918

–

14,983

1,179

148,491

83,819

64,672

811

3,640

392

5,325

–

12,810

1,013

140,131

77,233

62,898

790

4,144

373

5,843

212

302,438

281,619

127,617

116,303

174,821

165,316

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | FINANCIAL POSITION  87

B.36
Balance sheet structure Daimler Group

In billions of euros

Assets

Non-current assets 

Current assets

302

175

282

282

160

66

302

63

134

118

128

122

105

98

thereof liquidity

28

25

2018
2019

Equity and liabilities

Equity

Inventories increased slightly from €29.5 billion to €29.8  
billion, equivalent to 10% of total assets, and were thus at  
the prior-year level. While inventories at the Mercedes-Benz 
Cars division increased mainly due to model changes and  
the launch of new models, inventories at the Daimler Trucks  
and Mercedes-Benz Vans divisions were reduced to below  
the prior-year level.

Non-current liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade receivables of €12.3 billion are below the prior-year 
level of €12.6 billion. The Mercedes-Benz Cars division 
accounts for 53% of these receivables (2018: 45%), the Daimler 
Trucks division accounts for 23% (2018: 25%) and the 
Mercedes-Benz Vans division accounts for 9% (2018: 8%).

Cash and cash equivalents increased compared with the end 
of 2018 by €3.0 billion to €18.9 billion.

Current assets account for 42% of the balance sheet total, which 
is below the prior-year level (2018: 43%). Current liabilities 
amount to 35% of total equity and liabilities, which is at the 
prior-year level. Table  B.36 shows the structure of the 
balance sheet by maturity.

Marketable debt securities and similar investments 
de creased compared with December 31, 2018 from €9.6 billion 
to €8.7 billion. Those assets include the debt instruments that 
are allocated to liquidity, most of which are traded in active 
markets. They generally have an external rating of A or better.

Other financial assets of €6.1 billion are above the prior-year 
level (2018: €5.7 billion). They primarily consist of equity and 
debt instruments, investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries, 
derivative financial instruments, and loans and other receivab-
les due from third parties.

Other assets of €12.5 billion (2018: €11.0 billion) primarily 
comprise deferred tax assets and tax refund claims. The incre-
ase is mainly due to deferred tax assets on tax loss carryfor-
wards.

The Group’s equity decreased compared with December 31, 
2018 from €66.1 billion to €62.8 billion. Positive effects in 
equity resulted from the net profit of €2.7 billion and the effects 
of currency translation of €0.5 billion. This was more than off-
set by the dividend of €3.5 billion paid out to Daimler’s share-
holders, the effect of remeasurement of derivative financial 
instruments not recognized in profit or loss of €0.5 billion, and 
actuarial losses from defined-benefit pension plans recognized 
in retained earnings of €2.2 billion. Equity attributable to the 
shareholders of Daimler AG accordingly decreased to €61.3 bil-
lion (2018: €64.7 billion).

While the balance sheet total increased, equity decreased 
compared with the previous year. The Group’s equity ratio of 
20.5% was therefore below the level at the end of 2018 (22.2%); 
the equity ratio for the industrial business was 36.7% (2018: 
42.8%). It is necessary to consider the fact that the equity 
ratios at the end of 2018 and 2019 are adjusted for the paid 
and proposed dividend payments.

Intangible assets of €16.0 billion (2018: €14.8 billion) include 
€12.5 billion of capitalized development costs (2018: €11.3  
billion), €1.7 billion of franchises, industrial property and similar 
rights (2018: €2.0 billion) and €1.2 billion of goodwill (2018: 
€1.1 billion). The Mercedes-Benz Car division accounts for 85% 
(2018: 81%) of the development costs while the Mercedes-Benz 
Vans division accounts for 8% (2018: 10%) and the Daimler 
Trucks division accounts for 6% (2018: 8%). Capitalized develop-
ment costs amount to €3.1 billion in 2019 (2018: €2.5 billion) 
and account for 32% of the Group’s total research and develop-
ment expenditure (2018: 28%).

Property, plant and equipment increased to €37.1 billion 
(2018: €30.9 billion). Due to the application of single lessee 
accounting according to IFRS 16 as of January 1, 2019, right-of-
use assets of €4.2 billion are included in property, plant and 
equipment. In 2019, €7.2 billion was invested worldwide (2018: 
€7.5 billion), in particular at our production and assembly sites 
for new products and technologies and for the expansion and 
modernization of production facilities. The sites in Germany 
accounted for €4.4 billion of the capital expenditure (2018: 
€4.4 billion).

Equipment on operating leases and receivables from 
financial services rose to a total of €155.1 billion (2018: 
€146.2 billion). The increase adjusted for currency-translation 
effects of €6.5 billion was primarily caused by the higher level 
of new business at Daimler Mobility; contract volume increa-
sed in North and South America, Europe and Asia. The leasing 
and sales-financing business as a proportion of 51% of total 
assets was below the prior-year level (2018: 52%).

Equity-method investments increased to €5.9 billion (2018: 
€4.9 billion). The increase is mainly due to the merger of the 
mobility services of Daimler Group and BMW Group and the 
resulting first-time consolidation of five operating joint ven-
tures, which were merged into YOUR NOW Holding GmbH at 
the end of 2019 (see E Note 13 of the Notes to the Consoli-
dated Financial Statements). Furthermore, they mainly com-
prise the carrying amounts of our equity interests in Beijing 
Benz Automotive Co., Ltd., BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd. and 
There Holding B.V.

Contract and refund liabilities of €13.6 billion are higher 
than a year earlier (2018: €12.5 billion). They mainly comprise 
deferred revenue from service and maintenance contracts  
as well as extended warranties and obligations from sales in 
the scope of IFRS 15. Higher revenues from service and main-
tenance contracts and extended warranties mainly led to the 
increase in contract and refund liabilities.

Other liabilities of €11.0 billion (2018: €10.8 billion) primarily 
comprise deferred taxes, tax liabilities and deferred income.

Further information on the assets presented in the statement 
of financial position and on the Group’s equity and liabilities is 
provided in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
 F.03, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
 F.05 and the related notes in the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

88  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | FINANCIAL POSITION 

Provisions increased significantly from €23.0 billion to €30.7 
billion; as a proportion of the balance sheet total, they were 
above the prior-year level at 10% (2018: 8%). They primarily 
comprise provisions for pensions and similar obligations of 
€9.7 billion (2018: €7.4 billion), which mainly consist of the 
difference between the present value of defined-benefit 
pension obligations of €36.2 million (2018: €31.7 billion) and 
the fair value of the pension-plan assets applied to finance 
those obligations of €27.8 billion (2018: €25.5 billion). The 
decrease in discount rates led to an increase in the present 
value of the defined-benefit pension obligations. This effect 
was only partially offset by a positive interest rate development 
for plan assets. Provisions also relate to liabilities for product 
warranties of €8.7 billion (2018: €7.0 billion), for personnel  
and social costs of €4.2 billion (2018: €4.3 billion), for liability 
risks, litigation risks and regulatory proceedings of €4.9 billion 
(2018: €2.1 billion), as well as other provisions of €3.1 billion 
(2018: €2.1 billion). The reassessment of risks especially at the 
Mercedes-Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans divisions led to 
an increase in provisions for product warranties and for liability 
risks, litigation risks and regulatory proceedings. The increase 
relates to ongoing governmental and legal proceedings and 
measures taken with regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles 
in several regions and markets, as well as an updated risk 
assessment for an extended recall of Takata airbags. The 
increase in other provisions is mainly due to the review and 
prioritization of the product portfolio at the Mercedes-Benz 
Vans division.

Financing liabilities of €161.8 billion were above the level of 
the previous year (2018: €144.9 billion). The increase, adjusted 
for exchange-rates effects, of €14.9 billion was primarily due  
to the refinancing of the growing leasing and sales-financing 
business and higher leasing liabilities of €3.9 billion caused by 
the application of single lessee accounting according to 
IFRS 16. 53% of the financing liabilities were accounted for by 
bonds, 25% by liabilities to financial institutions, 9% by liabili-
ties from ABS transactions and 8% by deposits in the direct 
banking business.

Trade payables decreased compared with the prior year to 
€12.7 billion (2018: €14.2 billion). The Mercedes-Benz Cars 
division accounts for 64% (2018: 60%) of those payables, the 
Daimler Trucks division accounts for 20% (2018: 24%) and the 
Mercedes-Benz Vans division accounts for 7% (2018: 7%).

Other financial liabilities were nearly unchanged at €9.9 bil-
lion (2018: €10.0 billion) and mainly consist of liabilities from 
residual-value guarantees, liabilities from wages and salaries, 
deposits received and accrued interest on financing liabilities.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | DAIMLER AG  89

Daimler AG

Condensed version according to the German Commercial Code (HGB) 

In addition to reporting on the Daimler Group, the development 
of Daimler AG is also described in this section. 

Daimler AG is the parent company of the Daimler Group and its 
headquarters are in Stuttgart. 

On May 22, 2019, the Annual Shareholders' Meeting of Daimler 
AG voted with 99.75% of the votes cast to hive down assets 
and liabilities of the Mercedes-Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz 
Vans divisions and of the Daimler Trucks and Daimler Buses 
divisions into two legally independent entities within the frame-
work of “Project Future.” The hive-down took place in accor-
dance with Section 123 Subsection 3 No. 1 of the German Trans-
formation Act (UmwG) into Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler 
Truck AG. The hive-down is based on the hive-down agreement 
concluded between Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG and 
Daimler Truck AG on March 25, 2019. The hive-down became 
effective upon being entered in the commercial register of 
Daimler AG on October 31, 2019 (“completion date”). When  
the hive-down became effective, the assets to be hived down 
as defined in the hive-down agreement were transferred to 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG under civil law by way 
of partial universal succession at their carrying amounts. The 
transfer of assets had a retroactive financial effect as of the 
hive-down date of January 1, 2019. In addition, when the hive-
down became effective, further assets and liabilities as defined 
by the agreements concluded between Daimler AG and 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG within the hive-down 
agreement were transferred to Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler 
Truck AG, respectively. 

As of the hive-down taking effect, Daimler AG acts as an oper-
ational management holding company and provides services to 
the Group companies. As the parent company, it also decides 
on the Group’s strategy, decides on matters of strategic impor-
tance for business operations, and ensures regulatory, legal, 
and compliance functions throughout the Group. 

Under the existing control and profit-and-loss-transfer agree-
ments, the profits and losses of Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler 
Truck AG are transferred to Daimler AG. 

The annual financial statements of Daimler AG are prepared in 
accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB). The 
consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance 
with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS),  
as adopted by the European Union (EU). This results in some 
differences with regard to recognition and measurement, pri-
marily relating to provisions, financial instruments, the leasing 
business and deferred taxes. 

In view of the new function of Daimler AG as an operational 
management holding company, revenue and unit sales are no 
longer the most important performance indicators; net profit 
or loss is now the main performance indicator. 

Due to the significant scope of the hive-down to Mercedes-
Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG, the figures of Daimler AG for 
the 2019 financial year are not comparable with the prior-year 
figures. 

Profitability 

The profitability of Daimler AG in the 2019 financial year was 
affected by the hive-down of business operations to Mercedes-
Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG. The change in profitability 
resulted in particular from the decrease in financial income of 
€7.9 billion to a financial expense of €0.5 billion, as well as by 
the lower tax expense of €1.1 billion.  B.37 

Daimler AG generated revenue of €2.0 billion primarily from 
the provision of services to companies of the Group (2018: 
€112.5 billion). The decrease in revenue was almost solely the 
result of hiving down the business operations to Mercedes-
Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG. 

Cost of sales comprises the services provided to Group com-
panies to generate sales revenue and, due to the new manage-
ment holding-company function, decreased to €2.0 billion 
(2018: €103.2 billion). 

Due to the new corporate structure of Daimler AG, no selling 
expenses were incurred in 2019 (2018: €7.9 billion). 

90  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | DAIMLER AG

General administrative expenses amounted to €1.0 billion 
(2018: €2.3 billion). They include costs in connection with 
“Project Future” amounting to €0.2 billion. The decrease in 
general administrative expenses is caused by the hive-down. 

Other operating expense amounted to €0.3 billion (2018: 
€0.3 billion) and primarily comprises expenses of €0.2 billion 
from increases in provisions for Group-external derivatives of 
the vehicle business. 

Financial income fell by €7.9 billion to a financial expense of 
€0.5 billion, primarily due to a decrease of €11.8 billion in 
income from investments in subsidiaries and associated com-
panies. This was mainly the result of expenses from the reas-
sessment of risks in connection with ongoing governmental 
and legal proceedings and measures relating to Mercedes-
Benz diesel vehicles in various regions and markets, as well as 
expenses in connection with an updated risk assessment for 
an expanded recall of Takata-Airbags, which led to a loss trans-
fer from the affected company. On the other hand, interest 
expense decreased by €4.2 billion, primarily in connection with 
company pensions (€3.8 billion). This positive effect was 
mainly the result of lower expenses from the change in the dis-
count rate and the compounding of the retirement benefit obli-
gation due to the transfer of pension obligations to Mercedes-
Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG, as well as the increased return 
on the special-purpose assets compared with 2018. In addi-
tion, the contribution of pension obligations and special-purpose 
assets to Daimler Pensionsfonds AG resulted in a one-time 
interest expense in 2018. 

The income tax expense amounted to €0.0 billion (2018: €1.1 
billion). The decrease is due to the tax-loss situation of the cor-
porate group for tax purposes. 

Net loss amounts to €1.7 billion (2018: net profit of €5.0 bil-
lion). This result is thus significantly below the expectation 
stated in the Outlook chapter of Annual Report 2018. This 
development is primarily due to the stronger than expected 
decrease in financial income, which was mainly caused by  
the lower income from subsidiaries and associated companies 
due to loss transfers from major subsidiaries. 

The economic situation of Daimler AG in its management 
holding-company function depends mainly on the development 
of its subsidiaries. Daimler AG participates in the operating 
results of its subsidiaries through dividend distributions and 
profit-and-loss transfers. The economic situation of Daimler 
AG is therefore fundamentally the same as that of the Daimler 
Group, which is described in the chapter Overall Assessment 
of the Economic Situation. 

B.37
Condensed income statement of Daimler AG 

In millions of euros 

Revenue 

Cost of sales (including R&D expenditure)

Selling expenses 

General adminstrative expenses 

Other operating expense 

Operating profit 

Financial expense/income 

Income taxes 

Net loss (2018: net profit) 

2019

2018

2,019

-1,959

-

-964

-272

-1,176

-546

44

-1,678

112,491

-103,232

-7,904

-2,304

-292

-1,241

7,318

-1,055

5,022

Transfer from (2018: transfer to) retained 
earnings 

2,641

-1,545

Distributable profit 

963

3,477

Financial position, liquidity and capital  
resources 

The balance sheet total of €99.4 billion is €17.8 billion lower 
than at the end of 2018. Table  B.38 shows the balance sheet 
of Daimler AG at December 31, 2019 compared with the 
 balance sheet before the hive-down to Mercedes-Benz AG and 
Daimler Truck AG (December 31, 2018) and after the hive-
down (January 1, 2019). 

Non-current assets increased during the year by €2.1 billion 
to €57.2 billion, caused by the €12.9 billion increase in finan-
cial assets, which resulted in particular from corporate restruc-
turing within the framework of “Project Future.” The increase 
also reflects a capital contribution at the subsidiary LEONIE FS 
DVB GmbH and the acquisition within the Group of Mercedes-
Benz Bank AG from Daimler Mobility AG. The decreases of €9.3 
billion in property, plant and equipment and of €1.5 billion in 
intangible assets are mainly due to corporate restructuring 
within the framework of “Project Future.” 

Receivables, securities and other assets decreased com-
pared with December 31, 2018 by €5.9 billion to €38.9 billion. 
This development mainly reflects a decrease of €9.3 billion 
from the hive-downs for corporate restructuring within the 
framework of “Project Future.” Furthermore, other securities 
decreased by €1.1 billion and other assets decreased by €1.1 
billion in 2019, primarily due to lower tax-refund claims. On  
the other hand, receivables due from subsidiaries increased by 
€5.6 billion. 

Cash and cash equivalents decreased from €6.4 billion to 
€2.9 billion. The decrease includes a transfer of €1.5 billion as 
part of corporate restructuring within the framework of  
“Project Future.” 

Gross liquidity – defined as cash and cash equivalents and 
other marketable securities as well as fixed-term deposits pre-
sented under other assets – decreased by €4.7 billion to €9.6 
billion on the balance sheet date. The reasons for the decrease 
in gross liquidity include the hive-downs for corporate restruc-
turing within the framework of “Project Future” in an amount 
of €1.5 billion and the reduction in other securities of €1.1 bil-
lion in 2019. 

Cash provided by operating activities amounted to €6.8 bil-
lion in 2019 (2018: €13.8 billion). The decrease resulted in par-
ticular from lower dividend distributions from subsidiaries and 
the end of cash flows from operations in the vehicle business. 
Another factor is that the amount for the previous year includes 
positive effects from trade receivables and payables with Ger-
man and foreign companies of the Group and with external 
companies, which are no longer effective at Daimler AG due to 
the hive-down. 

Cash flows from investing activities resulted in a net  
cash outflow of €7.6 billion in 2019 (2018: €14.7 billion). The 
decrease is due in particular to the end of investments by 
Daimler AG in intangible assets and property, plant and equip-
ment, caused by the hive-down of business operations to 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG. Compared with the 
previous year, there were also lower cash outflows in the  
area of financial assets from corporate restructuring within the 
framework of “Project Future.” Furthermore, there were  
positive effects from acquisitions and disposals of securities 
conducted in the context of liquidity management. 

Cash flows from financing activities resulted in a net cash 
outflow of €2.6 billion (2018: inflow of €5.5 billion). The change 
is explained by higher receivables from the financing of subsid-
iaries and the lower increase in liabilities from the Group's 
internal transactions in connection with central financial and 
liquidity management. On the other hand, a cash inflow resulted 
in 2019 from higher external financing liabilities. Cash flows 
from financing activities include the payment of the dividend for the 
year 2018 in an amount of €3.5 billion. 

Equity decreased in 2019 by €5.2 billion to €38.1 billion, pri-
marily reflecting the decrease in distributable profit due to the 
dividend payment for 2018. In addition, €2.6 billion was trans-
ferred from retained earnings in 2019. The equity ratio at 
December 31, 2019 was 38.3% (December 31, 2018: 36.9%). 
Daimler AG holds no treasury shares at December 31, 2019. 

Provisions decreased compared with December 31, 2019 by 
€14.8 billion to €1.6 billion. This was mainly the result of the 
transfer of provisions of €14.7 billion from Daimler AG to 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG as part of the corpo-
rate restructuring within the framework of “Project Future.”  
On the other hand, additional provisions were recognized of €0.5 
billion for internal derivatives in connection with the hive-down.  

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | DAIMLER AG  91

B.38
Balance sheet structure of Daimler AG 

Dec. 31, 
2019

Jan. 1,  
20191

Dec. 31, 
2018

in millions of euros 

Assets 

Non-current assets 

57,214

50,973

Inventories 

Receivables, securities and 
other assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Current assets

Prepaid expenses

Equity and liabilities 

Share capital 

(conditional capital €500 mil-
lion) 

Capital reserve 

Retained earnings 

Distributable profit 

Equity 

Provisions for pensions and 
similar obligations 

Other provisions 

Provisions 

Trade payables 

Other liabilities 

Liabilities 

Deferred income 

-

1

38,925

2,942

41,867

285

99,366

35,437

4,819

40,257

300

91,530

117,160

55,092

10,524

44,784

6,354

61,662

406

3,070

3,070

3,070

11,480

22,541

963

38,054

94

1,511

1,605

227

59,474

59,701

6

11,480

25,182

3,477

43,209

123

2,136

2,259

428

45,634

46,062

0

11,480

25,182

3,477

43,209

838

15,595

16,433

7,210

49,232

56,442

1,076

99,366

91,530

117,160

1  Amounts following the hive-down. Deviations from the hive-down 
balance sheet (published in the hive-down report of May 22, 2019) 
are the result of subsequent adjustments in accordance with the 
hive-down agreement. 

The reduction was also caused by provisions for taxes and per-
sonnel and social provisions. There was an opposing effect from 
increases in provisions for derivative financial instruments. 

Provisions for pensions and similar obligations amounted to 
€0.1 billion at December 31, 2019 (2018: €0.8 billion). The 
decrease is almost solely attributable to the transfer of pen-
sion obligations and special-purpose assets to Mercedes-Benz 
AG and Daimler Truck AG. 

Liabilities increased by €3.3 billion to €59.7 billion. This was 
primarily due to the increase of €11.9 billion in liabilities to sub-
sidiaries, which is mainly due to losses transferred from sub-
sidiaries. In addition, bonds and other debt instruments were 
issued in an amount of €1.5 billion. On the other hand, liabili-
ties decreased by €10.4 billion due to the hive-downs for cor-
porate restructuring within the framework of “Project Future.” 

92  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | DAIMLER AG

Risks and opportunities 

Outlook 

The business development of Daimler AG as the operational 
management holding company mainly depends on the develop-
ment of its worldwide subsidiaries and is therefore – through 
the profit and loss contributions from subsidiaries and associ-
ated companies – fundamentally subject to the same risks  
and opportunities as the Daimler Group. Daimler AG generally 
participates in the risks of its subsidiaries and associated com-
panies in line with the percentage of its respective equity inter-
est. The risks and opportunities are described in the Risk and 
Opportunity Report. Risks may additionally arise from relations 
with subsidiaries and associated companies in connection with 
statutory or contractual obligations (in particular with regard to 
financing), as well as from the impairment of investments in 
subsidiaries and associated companies. 

Furthermore, pursuant to Section 133 Subsections 1 and 3 of 
the German Transformation Act (UmwG), Daimler AG is jointly 
and severally liable for liabilities of €24.3 billion that were 
transferred to Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG within 
the framework of “Project Future.” According to the current 
appraisal, due to the assessment of the creditworthiness of 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG, an actual cash out-
flow for Daimler AG is considered to be unlikely. 

The financial position, cash flows and profitability of Daimler 
AG depend on the business development and performance of 
its operating subsidiaries, in whose development it participates 
through profit-and-loss-transfer agreements and dividend dis-
tributions. 

We expect Daimler AG to achieve significantly improved profit-
ability in 2020 compared with the year 2019. We assume that 
the operating performance will improve, due among other things 
to cost savings and the end of costs for “Project Future.” We 
also anticipate a significant improvement in financial income as 
a result of improved profit transfers from subsidiaries. 

In addition, due to the interrelations between Daimler AG and 
its subsidiaries, we refer to the statements in the Outlook 
chapter, which largely reflect our expectations also for the  
parent company. 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  93

Sustainability and Integrity

Sustainability at Daimler

At Daimler, sustainability means generating economic, environ-
mental and social value added for all of our stakeholders: cus-
tomers, investors, employees, business partners and society as 
a whole. We believe that the solutions we offer form a central 
component of future mobility systems that will be climate- 
neutral and sustainable. Together with players from industry,  
government and society we thus create the foundation for  
our future business success and value added for all of society. 
The basis for all of this is our sustainable business strategy. 
Among other things, this strategy formulates our ambitions, 
goals and measures for managing the economic, environmental 
and social impact of our business activities. This applies not 
only to our manufacturing locations but also to our entire 
upstream and down stream value chain.

Additional information on “Sustainability at Daimler” can be 
found in the “Non-Financial Report” section of this Annual 
Report E pages 202 ff. The “Non-Financial Report” is also 
available on the Internet at w daimler.com/nonfinancial-
report. The new Daimler Sustainability Report for financial year 
2019 will be available on the Group’s website at the beginning 
of April 2020. w daimler.com/sustainability

Research and development

Research and development as key success factors
Research and development have always played a key role at 
Daimler. Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz invented the auto-
mobile more than 130 years ago. Today, we are shaping the 
future of mobility anew. Our goal is to offer our customers  
fascinating products and customized solutions for needs-ori-
ented, safe and sustainable mobility. Our technology portfolio 
and our key areas of expertise are focused on this objective.

The expertise, creativity and drive of our employees in research 
and development are key factors behind our vehicles’ market 
success. At the end of 2019, Daimler employed 24,300 men and 
women at its research and development units around the world 
(2018: 25,600). A total of 16,200 of those employees 

(2018: 17,700) worked at Group Research & Mercedes-Benz 
Cars Development, 5,600 (2018: 5,300) at Daimler Trucks, 
1,200 (2018: 1,300) at Mercedes-Benz Vans and 1,300 (2018:  
1,300) at Daimler Buses. Around 5,100 researchers and  
development engineers (2018: 5,800) worked outside Germany.

Global research and development network
With our global research and development network, we are 
present in the key markets with direct proximity to our custom-
ers. Our biggest facilities are in Sindelfingen and Stuttgart- 
Untertürkheim in Germany. Our most important research facili-
ties in North America are the US R&D locations in Sunnyvale, 
California; Long Beach, California; Portland, Oregon; and Red-
ford, Michigan. Our most important facilities in Asia are in  
Bangalore, India; the Global Hybrid Center in Kawasaki, Japan; 
and our research and development center in Beijing, China. 
Mercedes-Benz Research & Development India (MBRDI, with 
headquarters in Bangalore) is Daimler’s largest research and 
development center outside Germany. Activities at MBRDI 
focus on digitalization, simulations and data science. In Nov-
ember 2018, we announced plans to build a further Research 
and Development (R&D) Tech Center in China with a total 
investment of approximately €145 million. This new center  
will further expand our presence in what is now our biggest 
single market. It will also be our second major R&D site in  
Beijing, following the Mercedes-Benz R&D Center, which was 
established in China in 2014. The new R&D Tech Center in 
China is scheduled to begin operating in 2020.

Along with our internal activities, we also maintain close con-
tacts with external research institutions. For example, we work 
together with various renowned research institutes around  
the world and participate in international exchange programs 
for next-generation scientists.

We are open to cooperation – worldwide. Our partners include 
promising startups such as what3words and Anagog, as well  
as suppliers such as Bosch and, in selected fields, competitors 
such as BMW. Some of our Chinese partners are Baidu, Alibaba 
and Tsinghua University. We operate digital hubs as develop-
ment centers around the world, for example in Berlin, Seattle, 
Lisbon and Tel Aviv.

94  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY

B.39
Research and development expenditure

In billions of euros

total
thereof capitalized

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

B.40
Research and development expenditure by division

In millions of euros

Daimler Group
  thereof capitalized

Mercedes-Benz Cars
  thereof capitalized

Daimler Trucks
  thereof capitalized

Mercedes-Benz Vans
  thereof capitalized

Daimler Buses
  thereof capitalized

2019

2018

19/18

% change

9,662 
3,076

7,518 
2,904

1,490 
53

543 
96

203 
23

9,107 
2,526

6,962 
2,269

1,295 
40

666 
176

199 
41

+6 
+22

+8 
+28

+15 
+33

-18 
-45

+2 
-44

Targeted involvement of the supplier network
In order to achieve our ambitious goals, we also cooperate very 
closely with the research and development units of our suppli-
ers. Daimler must be closely intermeshed with supplier partners 
in order to deal with the rapid pace of technological change  
in the automotive industry and the need to quickly bring new 
technologies to market maturity. Such cooperation is all the 
more important in light of the increasing digitalization of pro-
cesses throughout all stages of the value chain. Strong part-
ners are also essential for our efforts to develop and offer new 
concepts for future mobility. As part of our joint research and 
development work, we aim to ensure that the Group retains 
the key technological expertise it needs in order to maintain 
the uniqueness of our brands and to safeguard the future of 
the automobile in general.

Protecting our brands and patents
Without the protection and management of its patents, brands 
and designs, Daimler could never have become as successful 
as it is today. That is why we seek to effectively protect and 
manage the Group’s intellectual property and the innovations 
that inspire our customers around the globe. In this manner, 
we also intend to ensure the successful continuation of our tra-
dition that goes back more than 130 years. We upheld this  
tradition in 2019 by registering more than 2,100 new ideas for 
patents (2018: 1,900), with an increasing focus on the future-
oriented fields of connectivity, automated and autonomous 
driving, and electric drive systems. In addition to industrial 
property rights, which safeguard our innovations for future 

mobility over the long term, the unique visual aspects of our 
products are protected with more than 7,500 registered 
designs (2018: 7,500). Our portfolio of more than 34,500 trade-
mark rights worldwide (2018: 36,300) also serves to protect 
the Mercedes-Benz brand, our new EQ brand for electric mobil-
ity, and all of our other product brands in the relevant markets. 
In order to safeguard this intellectual property, we established 
an IP competence center for all brands and technologies last 
year under the name Daimler Brand & IP Management GmbH & 
Co. KG. This company registers and manages Daimler’s port-
folio of patents, brands, trademarks, designs and domains, 
handling everything from the process of invention disclosure to 
the granting or registration of the intellectual property right.  
In the event of disputes regarding improper use of Daimler’s 
intellectual property, the team takes over its defense before 
the authorities and the courts.

€9.7 billion for research and development
We want to continue helping to shape mobility through our pio-
neering innovations in the coming years, while moving ahead 
with digitalization throughout the entire Group. We therefore 
slightly increased our very high level of investment in research 
and development to €9.7 billion in 2019 (2018: €9.1 billion).  
At the beginning of 2019 we assumed that development would 
remain at the same level as the previous year. Of that amount, 
€3.1 billion (2018: €2.5 billion) was capitalized as development 
costs, which represents a capitalization rate of 32% (2018: 
28%). The amortization of capitalized research and development 
expenditure totaled €1.8 billion during the year under review 
(2018: €1.5 billion). With a rate of 5.6% (2018: 5.4%), research 
and development expenditure also remained at a high level in 
comparison with revenue. Along with the production launches, 
research in the year under review focused on the further  
development of our platforms and electric and conventional 
drivetrains. Digitalization and automated and autonomous  
driving are also becoming increasingly important.

Activities at Mercedes-Benz Cars in the year under review were 
marked by an increasing focus on digitalization, automated and 
autonomous driving, and the further development of electric 
drive systems and a new platform for vehicles with all-electric 
drive systems.

Automated driving, electromobility and connectivity played an 
important role at Daimler Trucks. The subsequent generations 
of existing products, fuel efficiency and emissions reduction 
were further focal points, along with customized products and 
technologies for future growth markets.

Activities at Mercedes-Benz Vans centered around the further 
development of the Sprinter, the Vito and the V-Class. How-
ever, Mercedes-Benz Vans is also forging ahead with the elec-
trification of both its commercial and private model series.

Daimler Buses primarily focused its development activities  
on new products and measures to further reduce fuel consump-
tion. Alternative drive systems, in particular electrification 
technology and other forward-looking projects related to auto-
mated and autonomous driving, also played a key role during 
the year under review.  B.39  B.40

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  95

Innovation and safety

New mobility is taking shape and is becoming a reality
The automotive industry is undergoing a profound transfor-
mation. As the inventor of the automobile and a provider of 
personal mobility solutions ranging from smart vehicles to  
the broad range of Mercedes-Benz cars and Mercedes-Benz 
vans, we seek to shape and lead this extensive transformation. 
Technical challenges still exist with regard to linking the four 
key fields that are decisive for the future of mobility – connec-
tivity (Connected), automated and autonomous driving (Auto-
nomous), flexible use and services (Shared & Services) and 
electric drive systems (Electric). In the meantime, our electric 
mobility offensive in the field of cars is being consolidated 
under our EQ technology and product brand, which represents 
an important component on the road to emission-free driving 
and an effective instrument for achieving ever more ambitious 
global CO2 reduction targets.

Connected: MBUX and Mercedes me
The Mercedes-Benz User Experience, MBUX, was expanded  
in 2019 to include several new features. In addition, the system 
was introduced in numerous new model series for the first 
time. The new features include the “In Car Store,” which can 
be used to order navigation services, digital radio or smart-
phone integration functions. MBUX also makes it possible to 
pay street parking fees quickly and easily. Experience with the 
A-Class shows that customers like to invest in entertainment 
and connectivity features. Two out of every three customers 
now order the high-end version of the MBUX system.

Since it launched Mercedes me in 2014, Mercedes-Benz has 
developed more than 80 mobility-related digital services. New 
services are also constantly being introduced and made avail-
able in more and more markets. Mexico, Malaysia and India 
have recently been added, which means that Mercedes me can 
now be used in 47 markets. The activation rate for Mercedes 
me in new Mercedes-Benz vehicles is over 90%, which translates 
into approximately four million active users at the moment.

EQ models equipped with Mercedes me offer important func-
tions for electric mobility today and in the future, including 
navigation, the display of the remaining vehicle range, and an 
auxiliary climate control system. The features can be pro-
grammed directly via MBUX or the Mercedes me app. The EQ-
specific content in MBUX includes the display of the state of 
charge and the energy flow. Drive programs, charging current 
and departure time can also be controlled and set via MBUX.

The ENERGIZING comfort control unit connects the various 
comfort systems in the vehicle. A new feature that is now avail-
able offers intelligent recommendations via the ENERGIZING 
COACH system. This service uses an intelligent algorithm to 
recommend one of the ENERGIZING comfort control programs 
suited to the given situation. The aim here is for the occupants 
to feel comfortable and relaxed even during demanding or 
monotonous journeys.

The Bertha tank app allows drivers to quickly and easily locate 
the nearest or cheapest service station, or the one best suited 
to their needs in the immediate area or at a desired location. 
Drivers can also use the app’s integrated payment function to 
pay for fuel directly at the vehicle.

At the end of 2019, together with the district of Zollernalb, we 
announced that we would run a pilot project to determine  
how car-to-X communication can be used to enhance safety on 
wintry roads and improve the efficiency of municipal winter 
services. Car-to-X is a term used to describe communication 
between vehicles, as well as communication between vehicles 
and the transport infrastructure. Mercedes-Benz passenger 
cars that are equipped with car-to-X technology, and whose 
owners have activated the Live Traffic Service, are providing 
the necessary data for the pilot tests. When the ESP® or ABS 
sensors in these vehicles detect slippery road conditions, this 
information, including the associated GPS data, is sent to the 
Daimler Vehicle Backend in real time via the mobile phone net-
work. The anonymized information is displayed in real time on 
digital maps in the Zollernalb district’s two road-maintenance 
depots.

New forms of automated driving
We have teamed up with the BMW Group in order to reach a 
milestone on the road to automated driving. We plan to work 
together with BMW to develop the next generation of technolo-
gies for driving assistance systems, automated driving on high-
ways and automated parking systems. The partnership is open 
to other vehicle manufacturers and technology partners. In 
addition, the results of the partnership will be offered to other 
OEMs for licensing purposes.

We are also working with Bosch on the development of an auto-
mated driving system operating at SAE Level 4/5 and designed 
especially for urban traffic. In December 2019, we began offer-
ing a select group of users a ridesharing service using auto-
matically driving Mercedes-Benz S-Class vehicles in the Silicon 
Valley city of San José. Daimler Mobility AG is operating and 
managing the test fleet and the associated app-based mobility 
service.

Shared & Services: a joint venture with the BMW Group
Daimler AG and the BMW Group are combining their mobility 
services in the YOUR NOW joint ventures with the goal of cre-
ating a new global player that will introduce sustainable urban 
mobility solutions that consistently focus on customer utility. 
Together we are investing more than one billion euros in the 
further expansion and close interconnection of existing services 
in the areas of ride hailing, multimodal platforms, car sharing, 
parking and charging. The products and services of the joint 
ventures are being further systematically aligned with customer 
requirements and have been consolidated into three units:  
1. FREE NOW & REACH NOW. 2. SHARE NOW. 3. PARK NOW & 
CHARGE NOW.

Electric mobility offensive – new products and highlights 
at IAA 2019
Mercedes-Benz is forging ahead with the electrification of its 
vehicles. We plan to electrify the entire Mercedes-Benz Cars 
portfolio as soon as 2022, which means that various electric 
alternatives are to be offered in every segment – from compact 
cars to SUVs. We expect all-electric vehicles to account for 
up to 25% by 2025.

We have also set other goals within the framework of our 
“Ambition 2039” strategy. For example, plans call for the 
Mercedes-Benz Cars business division to offer a completely 
CO2-neutral new vehicle fleet by 2039. In addition, we want 
more than half of our vehicle sales in 2030 to consist of vehi-
cles with electric drive systems, i.e. all-electric and plug-in 

96  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY

hybrid vehicles. By 2030, nearly all of our production sites in 
Germany will use electricity generated exclusively from renew-
able sources. We are also looking to achieve CO2-neutral pro-
duction throughout Europe as of 2022, while our long-term 
plans call for the value chain to be transformed into a value 
cycle that will incorporate the entire supplier chain. As we 
move ahead here, electric mobility will become our core busi-
ness, and future vehicle architectures will be designed for elec-
tric mobility from the very beginning.

The Mercedes-Benz VISION EQS had its world premiere at the 
press conference for the 2019 IAA International Motor Show  
in Frankfurt. This show car offers a preview of the future of 
sustainable modern luxury. It is a premium electric sedan that 
emphasizes sustainability as its central theme. That’s because 
the VISION EQS show car is based on a new and fully variable 
electric drive system platform that is scalable in a variety of 
ways and can be used in different vehicle models.

Plug-in hybrids offer customers the best of two worlds: they 
can be driven in the all-electric mode in cities, while on long 
journeys they benefit from the combustion engine’s range. 
Plug-in hybrid technology makes vehicles more efficient overall 
– it allows for braking-energy recovery on the one hand and 
the use of the combustion engine at more favorable operating 
points on the other.

At the end of 2019, Mercedes-Benz had more than ten plug-in 
hybrid models on offer – an attractive portfolio ranging from 
compacts to the Mercedes-Benz S-Class flagship model. Our 
goal here is to offer our customers well over 20 hybrid model 
variants by 2020.

With the A 250 e (fuel consumption combined: 1.6 – 1.4 l/100 km; 
CO₂ emissions combined: 36 – 32 g/km; power consumption 
combined: 15.3 – 14.6 kWh/100 km)1, the A 250 e sedan (fuel 
consumption combined: 1.5 – 1.3 l/100 km; CO₂ emissions 
combined: 35 – 31 g/km; power consumption combined: 
15.2 – 14.5 kWh/100 km)1 and the B 250 e (fuel consumption 
combined: 1.6 – 1.4 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 
36 – 32 g/km; power consumption combined: 15.4 – 14.7 kWh/ 
100 km)1, three compact-family models equipped with the 
third-generation hybrid system were unveiled for the first time.

The electric mobility offensive is also being systematically 
implemented in the SUV segment. The new GLE 350 de 
4MATIC (fuel consumption combined: 1.3 – 1.1 l/100 km; CO2 
emissions combined: 34 – 29 g/km; power consumption  
combined: 28.7 – 25.4 kWh/100 km)1 has a battery with a 
capacity of 31.2 kWh, which gives it an all-electric range  
of more than 100 kilometers, assuming an appropriate driving 
style.

The GLC also enters its new model year with an even more 
striking design, the MBUX infotainment system and the latest 
driving assistance systems. As an all-wheel drive SUV, the GLC 
300 e 4MATIC (fuel consumption combined: 2.5 – 2.2 l/100 km; 
CO2 emissions combined: 58 – 51 g/km; power consumption 
combined: 18.3 – 16.5 kWh/100 km)1 is also an ideal towing 
vehicle.

Solutions for the electric charging infrastructure
Our electric mobility offensive also includes the latest solutions 
for the electric charging infrastructure. Studies estimate that 
about 70 to 80% of the energy required for charging processes 
in the EU and the USA will be covered at home or at the work-
place, and only about 20 to 30% at semi-public or public instal-
lations. We offer the right solutions in all of these areas. Such 
solutions include charge@home for fast and safe recharging at 
home with the new Mercedes-Benz Wallbox, and Mercedes  
me Charge for easy and convenient charging on the road. With 
the charge@Daimler project, we are consolidating our activities 
relating to the establishment of an intelligent charging infra-
structure at all Daimler locations in Germany, while with 
charge@highway we are forging ahead with an adequate infra-
structure for battery charging on long journeys. Through the 
joint venture IONITY, we are working together with several 
other vehicle manufacturers to establish a powerful fast-charg-
ing network for electric vehicles in Europe. In addition, our 
charge@fleet project offers an intelligent charging solution for 
companies and fleet operators.

Modern combustion engines remain indispensable
Combustion engines should continue to form the backbone  
of global personal mobility for many years to come. This makes 
it all the more important to further improve the efficiency  
and environmental compatibility of combustion engines.  
As planned, we continued and expanded our engine offensive  
at Mercedes-Benz in the year under review. Our new highly 
efficient four and six-cylinder engines are already available  
in diesel or gasoline versions in numerous models. We are  
convinced that diesel will continue to be a firm element of the 
drive-system mix in the future, not least due to the low CO2 
emissions of diesel engines.

Significantly reduced NOX emissions are a characteristic fea-
ture of vehicles that are certified in accordance with the Euro 
6d-TEMP standard. All Mercedes-Benz passenger cars that can 
be ordered as new vehicles now comply with this standard. 

2019: a year of safety anniversaries
Vehicle safety is one of our core areas of expertise and a key 
component of our product strategy. Our vision of accident-free 
driving will continue to motivate us to make mobility as safe  
as possible for everyone in the future. This year we once again 
presented an Experimental Safety Vehicle: the ESF 2019.  
This new ESF offers an insight into the ideas that our safety-
research experts are currently working on. The vehicle features 
more than a dozen innovations including both near-series 
developments and developments that look well into the future. 
Examples here include the PRE-SAFE® child seat concept  
and a new holistic safety concept for the automated drive pro-
gram. The ESF also features a new type of driver airbag and  
a unique steering-wheel and pedal system.

1  The stated figures are the measured “NEDC CO2 figures” within the mean-
ing of Art. 2 No. 1 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153. 
The fuel consumption figures were calculated on the basis of these fig-
ures. The range and the electrical consumption were determined on the 
basis of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 692/2008. A different value is 
applied in accordance with the German Electric Mobility Act (EmoG). A 
higher figure may apply as the basis for calculating the motor vehicle tax.

  Further information on official fuel consumption figures and the official 

specific CO2 emissions can be found in the guide “Information on the fuel 
consumption, CO2 emissions and electric power consumption of new 
cars,” which is available free of charge at all sales dealerships and from 
Deutsche Automobil Treuhand GmbH at www.dat.de. 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  97

The year 2019 was a special year for safety milestones as well, 
as it marked the 50th year that our experts have been exa-
mining serious accidents involving current vehicles bearing the 
three-pointed star. The knowledge gained at Mercedes-Benz 
Accident Research is used to improve updated and new models 
and their design. Mercedes-Benz Accident Research also 
established itself on an international scale several years ago by 
bringing together its German experts with colleagues in India 
and China. Here, the accident researchers in Asia benefit from 
the expertise from Sindelfingen. Augmented reality glasses 
enable the colleagues to exchange information with one another 
directly and in real time, and thus to conduct joint analyses, 
even though the German accident research experts are at a 
different location. The first crash test in the brand’s history 
was conducted 60 years ago, thus ushering in a new era for 
safety research at Mercedes-Benz. The Technology Center for 
Vehicle Safety (TFS) in Sindelfingen can performs approxi-
mately 900 crash tests each year, as well as about 1,700 sled 
tests. In the latter, a test mule (body shell or test assembly)  
is mounted on a test sled and subjected to the forces arising 
during a real vehicle crash. We have repeatedly set new stan-
dards for crash test procedures and testing facilities that have 
been adopted across the industry and have resulted in 
improved vehicle safety in the interests of all road users on a 
lasting basis. Mercedes-Benz’ vehicle safety unit is currently 
testing the use of X-ray technology in crash tests in coopera-
tion with the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics 
and the Ernst Mach Institute (EMI) in Freiburg. This method 
enables us to investigate the behavior of safety-relevant com-
ponents by taking a look inside the parts.

STARTUP AUTOBAHN begins its seventh program round
Launched in Stuttgart, successful worldwide: STARTUP AUTO-
BAHN was launched on the initiative of Daimler AG, which in 
2016 wanted to create an innovative connection between the 
world of startups and that of the well-established corporations 
in manufacturing sectors such as the automotive industry. 
Daimler founded the innovation platform STARTUP AUTOBAHN 
in cooperation with the startup accelerator Plug and Play, the 
University of Stuttgart, and the research factory ARENA2036. 
Daimler organizes two three-month pilot programs annually, 
each of which concludes with an EXPO DAY.

In the summer of 2019, STARTUP AUTOBAHN launched its sev-
enth program under the motto “THE NEXT GREEN THING” – 
with a clear focus on sustainability. During the round’s scout-
ing phase, Daimler examined ideas from more than 500 
startups worldwide in the areas of climate protection and air 
quality, conservation of resources and livable cities. Around 30 
of these ideas were then analyzed in detail by numerous 
experts, after which a few were selected for further develop-
ment in specific collaboration projects. The range of topics is 
varied, providing an indication of the wealth of ideas available 
in the startup scene. One startup, for example, extracts CO2 
from the air and uses it to produce polymers that can then be 
utilized as either soft or hard foam materials in car seats.

Daimler Trucks & Buses: moving the world – sustainably
Transport is the backbone of our economy and our modern 
way of life. Without trucks and buses, factories could not man-
ufacture anything, supermarkets couldn’t sell anything and 
people’s mobility would be severely restricted. In other words, 
the world would come to a standstill. Our customers move the 
world – and our goal at Daimler Trucks & Buses is to offer our 
customers the products and services that increase their busi-

ness success. In the future, we will focus in particular on the 
CO2-neutral transport of goods and people in driving operation 
(tank to wheel) and on accident-free driving. Both of these 
fields are part of the sustainable corporate strategy pursued at 
Daimler Trucks & Buses, which is one of the world’s leading 
manufacturers of commercial vehicles. Within the framework 
of this strategy, the company is developing vehicles and ser-
vices that move our society forward efficiently and electrically, 
automatically, in a reliable network of connected vehicles and 
infrastructure.

Daimler Trucks: efficient and electric
Daimler Trucks & Buses aims to offer only new vehicles that are 
CO2-neutral in driving operation (“tank-to-wheel”) in the major 
markets of Europe, Japan and the NAFTA region by 2039. As early 
as 2022, the company plans to have a vehicle portfolio com-
prising series-produced vehicles with battery-electric drive 
systems in the main sales regions of Europe, the United States 
and Japan. Plans also call for all Daimler Trucks & Buses plants 
in Europe to be CO2-neutral by 2022. All of the company’s 
other production facilities will then follow. Light-, medium- and 
heavy-duty trucks equipped with battery-electric drive are 
already being tested extensively by customers: the light-duty 
FUSO eCanter in large cities around the world, the heavy-duty 
Mercedes-Benz eActros in Germany and Switzerland, and the 
medium-duty Freightliner eM2 and heavy-duty Freightliner 
eCascadia in the United States.

All-electric FUSO eCanter distribution trucks have now been 
driven for more than one million kilometers in locally emission-
free urban distribution haulage. This figure is rather remark-
able given the fact that a FUSO eCanter generally only clocks 
up around 30 to 80 kilometers each day in local distribution 
operations. Around 150 vehicles are now being operated by 
customers in New York, Tokyo, Berlin, London, Amsterdam, 
Paris and Lisbon. In March 2019, Penske Truck Leasing, one of 
the biggest fleet operators in the United States, also began 
using FUSO eCanter models. The FUSO eCanter is thus the 
third electric truck model series from Daimler Trucks in the 
Penske fleet (the company already uses the eCascadia and the 
eM2 from the Freightliner sister brand).

The Mercedes-Benz eActros all-electric truck has been proving 
its worth for customers under tough real operating conditions 
since autumn 2018. As part of the eActros “Innovation Fleet,” 
Mercedes-Benz Trucks began to hand over a total of ten 18 
and 25-ton trucks to customers in Germany and Switzerland in 
the fall of 2018 for testing under real conditions. The analysis 
of tens of thousands of kilometers driven by customers, as well 
as close communication with drivers, dispatchers and fleet 
managers, have enabled the experts at Mercedes-Benz Trucks 
to obtain extensive knowledge about the trucks and their  
operation. The findings are directly incorporated into the further 
development of the eActros as it moves toward series produc-
tion, which is scheduled to begin in 2021. 

Daimler Trucks is also further expanding its field tests for 
medium and heavy-duty electric trucks in the United States. 
The Freightliner eCascadia and eM2 are scheduled to be 
launched on the market in 2021.

In November 2019, the E-Mobility Group at Daimler Trucks & 
Buses introduced a new service for truck customers that offers 
a comprehensive ecosystem for launching an electric transport 
logistics system. The service includes consulting and the cre-

98  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY

ation of a suitable charging infrastructure for electric trucks. 
The modular program covers not only personal and individual 
consulting but also digital applications that make it easier to 
get started with electric mobility. The first step will focus on 
the markets of Europe, North America and Japan.

By the second half of this decade, Daimler Trucks & Buses 
plans to extend its range of models to include hydrogen-pow-
ered production vehicles. With this in mind, Daimler Trucks 
presented the Vision F-Cell fuel-cell prototype from FUSO at 
the Tokyo Motor Show in Japan at the end of October 2019, 
thus systematically intensifying its efforts to step up activities 
in the area of hydrogen technology.

Automated Daimler Trucks: aiming for more safety
The vision of accident-free driving has been guiding the activi-
ties at Daimler Trucks & Buses for decades now. State-of-the-
art active safety systems hold the key to transforming the 
vision into a reality, and the company has already done a great 
deal of pioneering work in this regard. For example, numerous 
safety systems that are now the industry standard were first 
introduced in Mercedes-Benz trucks. Close cooperation within 
the Group means that these new technologies quickly make 
their way into other brands from Daimler Trucks.

At the beginning of 2019, Daimler Trucks presented the new 
Freightliner Cascadia – the first partially automated (SAE Level 
2) series production truck for North America – at the Con-
sumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. With Detroit Assur-
ance 5.0 featuring Lane Keeping Assist in the new Freightliner 
Cascadia and with Active Drive Assist in the Mercedes-Benz 
Actros and the FUSO Super Great, Daimler Trucks began offer-
ing partially automated driving features (SAE Level 2) in pro-
duction trucks to customers in the United States, Europe and 
Japan in 2019. The new systems can assist the driver with  
braking, accelerating and steering the vehicle. Unlike systems 
that do not go into action until a certain speed is reached, 
Active Drive Assist/Detroit Assurance 5.0 can assist the driver 
with partially automated driving functions in all speed ranges  
for the first time in a production truck. Since November 2019, 
customers in Asia who purchase a new FUSO Super Great  
(SAE Level 2) have also been benefiting from our global exper-
tise in the area of automated driving. 

In addition to developing active safety systems, Mercedes-Benz 
Trucks is now introducing such systems even more systemati-
cally on a broad basis. For example, starting in January 2020, 
the premium truck manufacturer will offer the latest generation 
of its emergency braking system (ABA 5) as standard equip-
ment in its heavy-duty model series throughout Europe. The 
Sideguard Assist system, which was presented for the first 
time in 2016, is now available not only ex works but also as a 
comparable retrofit solution. In this manner, Daimler Trucks & 
Buses is meeting its social responsibility to prevent accidents 
involving commercial vehicles to the greatest possible extent 
through the use of active safety systems.

Developing and testing highly automated trucks 
(SAE Level 4)  
In the transportation industry, SAE Level 4 is the next logical 
step after Level 2 to increase efficiency and productivity for 
customers and significantly reduce costs per kilometer. 
Daimler Trucks is thus skipping the intermediate step of condi-
tional automation (SAE Level 3). Level 3 does not offer truck 
customers any significant advantage over the current situation, 

as the higher costs of the technologies required for it are not 
matched by corresponding benefits in practice. 

In order to accelerate this development, in March 2019 Daimler 
Trucks entered into a partnership with Torc Robotics, a pio-
neering US company in the field of automated driving. The 
partners plan to jointly develop and market highly automated 
production trucks (SAE Level 4) in the United States. In June 
2019, Daimler Trucks combined all of its global expertise and 
activities in the field of automated driving into the Daimler 
Trucks Autonomous Technology Group. The new unit is respon-
sible for the formulation and implementation of an overall 
strategy for automated driving, including all research and 
development activities and the establishment of the required 
infrastructure and network for vehicle operation. Daimler 
Trucks’ goal for the Autonomous Technology Group is to bring 
highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) to market maturity 
within a decade. In September 2019, Daimler Trucks and Torc 
Robotics began testing highly automated trucks with SAE  
Level 4 technology for the first time on selected public roads in 
southwest Virginia. The trials on public roads were preceded 
by months of extensive testing on closed tracks. Over the long 
term Daimler Trucks plans to focus strategically on the opera-
tion of highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) for long-distance 
Hub2Hub haulage between logistics hubs.

Daimler Trucks: reliable and connected
Reliability is a core brand value at Daimler Trucks. As the world’s 
largest manufacturer of trucks above 6 metric tons gross  
vehicle weight, Daimler Trucks continuously works to reduce 
unnecessary vehicle downtimes and thus continuously 
increase vehicle availability for customers. This is important 
because downtimes impair customers’ business success.  
In today’s digital age, innovative connectivity solutions and 
software services have become a part of the core business  
of Daimler Trucks as never before. Along with the management 
of its current portfolio of services, Fleetboard is also now 
working systematically on the development of new digital solu-
tions for its customers. In the first quarter of 2019, for exam-
ple, Fleetboard acquired the habbl logistics application. The 
software developed by habbl enables customers to easily inte-
grate Mercedes-Benz trucks into their scheduling processes 
and make order data available in order to simplify communica-
tion with drivers.

As of 2019 anyone who gets behind the wheel of a new 
Mercedes-Benz Actros or Arocs with “Multimedia Cockpit inter-
active” is just a click away from an innovative, fully networked 
world of vehicles, drivers and logistics. An overview of all the 
installed apps can be seen simply by pressing the “Connect” 
button on the main screen of the navigation system. In addition, 
transport companies can use the new Mercedes-Benz Truck 
App Portal to take advantage of new networking opportunities 
and equip their trucks with efficiency and comfort-enhancing 
apps. The Mercedes-Benz Truck App Portal offers three types 
of apps: in-house apps from Daimler, which include apps from 
Mercedes-Benz Trucks and Fleetboard; selected apps from 
third-party providers – for example for the digital management 
of process steps or for processing transport requests; and 
apps from customers themselves. These apps make it possible 
to effectively integrate trucks into the digital business pro-
cesses of the transport company. The aim here is always to make 
the everyday lives of dispatchers, fleet managers and drivers 
as easy as possible.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  99

Data-based and networked services also form the foundation 
of the latest initiative from Daimler Trucks that is designed  
to take service and the customer experience to a new level in 
North America. Since June 2019, Daimler Trucks has been  
utilizing its new customer experience (CX) organization to ensure 
that customer requests and suggestions can be responded  
to and implemented in an even faster and more customized 
manner. An important role is played here by services that 
enable customers to make their core business safer, more effi-
cient and more successful through the use of Daimler Trucks 
products in a wide variety of situations. The idea is that the entire 
service process – from vehicle reception and maintenance to 
post-maintenance pick-up – should be made significantly more 
efficient for customers. To this end, Daimler Trucks in North 
America has introduced new app-based communication chan-
nels that enable customers to interact intuitively with service 
reception and workshops while on the move. The overall objec-
tive here is to guarantee service-order processing within 24 
hours in every case.

Mercedes-Benz Vans: vans with electric drive 
Mercedes-Benz Vans is systematically forging ahead with the 
electrification of its product portfolio with locally emission- 
free electric drive systems that help ensure more sustainable 
mobility for people and goods in cities. The first step in this 
direction was made with the eVito panel van, which was fol-
lowed by the eVito Tourer (electricity consumption in combined 
test cycle: 24.2 – 20.2 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 
0 g/km)1. Production of the eSprinter was launched in Düsseldorf 
at the end of 2019. Also in 2019, Mercedes-Benz Vans pre-
sented our first purely battery-electric premium full-size MPV: 
the EQV (combined electricity consumption: 27.0 kWh/100 km; 
combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, preliminary figures).2 The 
vehicle offers a range of up to 405 km 2 without compromising 
the usability of its interior space.

Well connected: making transport safer and more efficient 
Along with personal mobility, the transport of goods also plays 
a key role in urban traffic. Mercedes-Benz Vans offers digital 
solutions in this area with Mercedes PRO connect. The service 
from Mercedes PRO includes providing the responsible fleet 
customers with data that they can use to analyze the driving 
style of their drivers and its effect on fuel consumption or vehi-
cle wear and tear, for example. Drivers can then receive train-
ing in line with the results of these analyses. Such training 
courses can help reduce fuel consumption and the risk of acci-
dents. Mercedes PRO connect is currently available in 19 Euro-
pean countries and in the United States. The web-based ser-
vice benefits fleet operators ranging from small businesses to 
major clients.

The eDrive@VANs strategy involves not only the electrification 
of the vehicle fleet but also a customized overall system  
solution for each individual fleet. This includes advice on vehi-
cle selection, assistance with tools such as the eVAN Ready 
app, and an overview of the total cost of ownership. Equally 
decisive for potential electric van users is the analysis of the 
organizational and technical circumstances at commercial cus-
tomer sites. Finally, the integration of an intelligent charging 
infrastructure lays the foundation for conserving resources with 
a commercial fleet while remaining economically competitive.

digital@Vans bundles innovative solutions in the field of  
digitalization. Under the web-based brand Mercedes PRO, 
Mercedes-Benz Vans combines all digital services and  
solutions for the daily requirements of its customers, from 
small businesses to major clients. For example, Mercedes  
PRO optimizes communication between fleet managers, vehi-
cles and drivers. In addition, it enables the online control of 
jobs and the retrieval of vehicle information such as location, 
fuel level or maintenance intervals almost in real time. 
Mercedes-Benz Vans also develops tailored digital solutions  
for various sectors, while its VAN2SHARE and In-Van Delivery  
& Return services allow customers and the company itself to 
employ entirely new business and service models.

Mercedes-Benz Vans is presenting Vision URBANETIC under 
autonomous@Vans as a supplement to its electrification  
solutions. This is an innovative mobility concept showing how 
autonomous mobility might work in the future. Vision 
URBANETIC removes the separation between passenger and 
goods transport by utilizing an innovative body-switching 
approach that enables the needs-based, sustainable and effi-
cient movement of people and goods. In this manner, Vision 
URBANETIC meets the requirements of cities, companies from 
diverse sectors, urban residents and travelers in an innovative 
way. The concept reduces traffic flows, eases the strain on 
inner-city infrastructure and helps to improve the quality of life 
in cities.

Efficient passenger transport
Buses from the Mercedes-Benz and Setra brands are an indis-
pensable part of local public transport and play a key role world-
wide in reducing the impact of traffic, pollution and nitrogen 
oxide pollution close to our roads. Our aim is to enable more 
efficient mobility in cities and help reduce the negative impact 
caused by traffic in urban areas in particular. At the same time, 
we are focusing on keeping the total cost of ownership (TCO) 
low and reducing emissions even further. As a result, Daimler 
Buses offers a complete range of highly economical and innova-
tive vehicles, all tailored to customer requirements and specific 
intended applications. We do this because our goal is to provide 
customers with the right solution for every type of public trans-
port system – in small towns and large metropolitan areas, and 
on smooth or rough terrain.

On the move with environmentally friendly public
transport
We continue to work hard on the electrification of our vehicles, 
focusing particularly on vehicles that operate in cities. With  
the all-electric Mercedes-Benz eCitaro, Daimler Buses has been 
offering a locally emission-free city bus since 2018, thereby 
contributing to environmentally friendly local public transport 
in cities and metropolitan areas. The battery-electric eCitaro  
is a series-production model. Products such as the eCitaro 
make an important contribution to climate protection and air 
quality in cities.

1  Energy consumption was determined on the basis of Directive 692/2008/EC. Energy 

consumption is dependent on the vehicle configuration, and in particular on the selected 
maximum speed restriction.

2  Figures for electrical consumption and range are provisional and were determined by the 
technical service for the certification according to UN/ECE-regulation 101. EC type 
approval and conformity certification with official figures are not yet available. There may 
be differences between the stated figures and the official figures.

100  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY

We also continue to develop our environmentally friendly tech-
nologies and expand their use. Beginning in 2020, for example, 
we will also be offering the eCitaro as an articulated bus, and 
at the end of the same year it will also be available with solid-
state batteries (lithium polymer batteries). The launch of the 
eCitaro with the next generation of batteries is scheduled for 
2021. In 2022 we plan to begin equipping the battery-electric 
bus with a range extender in the form of a fuel cell.

The eCitaro is part of Daimler Buses’ overall eMobility system. 
In order to support our customers during their transition to 
electric bus fleets, we offer advice on different use scenarios, 
taking into account bus route lengths, passenger numbers, 
energy requirements, range calculations, charging manage-
ment and other aspects. We also offer an Eco Training program 
for bus customers and drivers that promotes an environmen-
tally friendly driving style.

Safety at Daimler Buses: the vision of accident-free driving
As a bus pioneer, Daimler Buses has traditionally focused on 
the safety of city and intercity buses and touring coaches. We 
want to significantly increase safety in road traffic by means  
of state-of-the-art driver assistance systems and vehicle-based 
protection systems, with the ultimate objective of enabling 
accident-free driving. Our pursuit of this goal will also help the 
European Union achieve its target of reducing traffic fatalities 
to nearly zero by 2050. Our strategy here is also helping to 
improve the quality of life in cities. The overall aim of the inte-
gral safety concept is an ambitious one: to make the vision of 
accident-free driving a reality.

At Daimler Buses, safety does not consist of individual measures. 
Instead, it is the result of a comprehensive integral safety con-
cept. Its central component comprises a large number of inno-
vative safety features that are employed in line with the vehicle 
in question and the way it is to be used. The general objective 
here is to continually improve active and passive safety. This is 
supported by additional measures such as driver training pro-
grams that teach drivers how to identify and avoid hazards in  
a timely way and react correctly in the event of an accident. 
The concept also involves informing passengers on how to use 
the onboard safety equipment – starting with putting on their 
seat belts. It goes far beyond that, however, and also includes 
responsible vehicle maintenance and the use of certified origi-
nal replacement parts when the vehicle is serviced. The objec-
tive of the integral safety concept is to make the vision of acci-
dent-free driving a reality.

The continuous further development of our safety and assistance 
systems demonstrates our commitment to moving closer and 
closer to this vision. For example, in 2019 the Active Brake Assist 
4 emergency braking system became standard equipment in all 
Mercedes-Benz and Setra touring coaches. The system warns 
the driver of potential collisions with pedestrians and automati-
cally initiates emergency braking when it detects stationary or 
moving obstacles ahead of the vehicle. Preventive Brake Assist – 
the first active emergency braking assistance system for city 
buses – has been available as an option for the entire Mercedes- 
Benz Citaro model family and the Mercedes-Benz Conecto since 
2019. Sideguard Assist, which is a radar-based turning assistant 
with pedestrian detection for buses, supports bus drivers during 
right turns, which can be dangerous in certain situations. 
Sideguard Assist is available for all variants of the Mercedes- 
Benz Citaro, the Tourismo and all Setra ComfortClass 500 and 
Setra TopClass 500 touring coaches.

Environmental Protection

A comprehensive approach to environmental protection
The transition to CO2-neutral mobility is vital if the impact of 
climate change is to be limited. We at Daimler are working hard 
to make this vision reality. Mercedes-Benz AG has had its cli-
mate protection measures scientifically confirmed by the Sci-
ence Based Targets Initiative (SBTI). By means of these targets, 
the company would like to make a contribution to environmen-
tal protection in line with the Paris agreement on global climate 
change.

Furthermore, in our sustainable business strategy, we have set 
ourselves the goal of making our fleet of new cars CO2-neutral 
for the vehicles’ entire lifecycle by 2039. Daimler Trucks & Buses 
aims to offer only new vehicles that are CO2-neutral in driving 
operation (tank-to-wheel) in the major markets of Europe, Japan 
and the NAFTA region by 2039. Mercedes-Benz Vans is currently 
striving to achieve similar reductions in CO2 emissions. 

The environmental and energy-related guidelines approved by 
the Board of Management define the environmental and 
energy-related policy of the Daimler Group. This expresses our 
commitment to integrated environmental protection that 
begins with the underlying factors that have an impact on the 
environment, assesses the environmental effects of production 
processes and products in advance, and takes these findings 
into account in corporate decision-making.

A vehicle’s environmental impact is largely determined during 
the first phases of its development. The earlier we integrate 
environmentally responsible product development (design for 
the environment, DfE) into the development process, the more 
efficiently we can reduce the impact on the environment.  
E pages 200 ff

CO2 emissions from our car fleet
In the year under review, the average CO2 emissions of our  
car fleet in Europe (EU28 plus Iceland and Norway) probably 
increased to 137 g/km (NEDC, including vans registered as 
passenger cars (M1)) (Mercedes-Benz Cars 135 g/km). This 
means that we were unable to reduce our CO2 emissions  
from the prior-year level. There were several reasons for this 
development. First, the shift of sales from vehicles with diesel 
engines to those powered by gasoline engines. In addition,  
the certification changeover became fully effective in 2019 
with the roll-out of WLTP. We intend to achieve our objective  
of reducing our CO2 emissions for 2020, thus continuing to 
comply with the valid EU limit values by means of a planned 
expansion of our portfolio to include further electric models 
and assuming corresponding customer demand. More detailed 
information can be found in the Non-Financial Report section  
of this Annual Report. E pages 197 ff

Inner-city air quality
In addition to climate protection, the improvement of inner-city 
air quality is an important environmental consideration for  
us. That’s because road traffic still accounts for a considerable 
share of nitrogen dioxide pollution (NO₂) near roads. 

Plans call for our new vehicle fleet to no longer have any rele-
vant impact on NO₂ emissions in urban areas by 2025. Another 
of our aims is to increase transparency with regard to vehicle-
related particulate emissions and forge ahead with the research 
and development of measures for reducing such emissions.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  101

Environmental protection in production
Beginning in 2022, we plan to achieve CO2-neutral production  
in all of our Mercedes-Benz car plants in Europe. New plants 
are already being planned with this in mind. Factory 56 is 
showing the way. This new factory building in the Mercedes- 
Benz Sindelfingen plant will already be supplied with CO2-neu-
tral energy when it goes into operation. The plant in Hambach, 
France, already covers all of its electricity requirements with 
energy from renewable sources (green electricity, biogas). Its 
production operations are CO2-neutral. Production at the 
Mercedes-Benz plant in Jawor, Poland, will also be CO2-neutral 
as of the plant’s commissioning. The new plant will be com-
pletely supplied with electricity from renewable resources by a 
wind farm. Heating will be provided by a heating plant directly 
adjacent to the plant site. This will provide energy from renew-
able resources.

In Germany, Mercedes-Benz AG will also in the future obtain 
electricity from German wind power facilities whose subsidies 
in accordance with Germany’s Renewable Energy Act (EEG)  
are due to expire after 2020. This will support the long-term 
operation of six wind farms in northern Germany. Energy effi-
ciency is already being implemented in production operations 
today. Various technical measures such as the optimization  
of lighting and ventilation technology (including more efficient 
systems and optimized switching times), intelligent control 
(including automatic switch-off of consumers during breaks and 
production-free periods) and the use of efficient technology in 
planning (such as high-efficiency turbo compressors for central 
compressed-air generation, energy-efficient pumps) contribute  
to further energy saving. The measures are supported by efficient 
control of the electric power supply.

An energy management system has been implemented for the 
continual reduction of energy consumption. The workforce in 
the plants is being sensitized to this initiative through a variety 
of measures. These include generally visible tips for energy 
saving and training courses in the production facilities. The 
employees make a substantial contribution to energy saving 
through their energy awareness and their innovative ideas. 
More detailed information can be found in the “Non-Financial 
Report” section of this Annual Report. E pages 197 ff

A reduction in NOX emissions is made possible by an innovative 
overall package consisting of the engine and the exhaust treat-
ment system. This package is being continuously enhanced and 
has been comprehensively launched on the market in the new 
engine generation encompassing the OM 654, 656 and 608.

Overall, Daimler is developing software updates for a majority 
of Euro 6b and Euro 5 diesel passenger cars in Europe. These 
updates should improve the nitrogen-oxide emissions of the 
vehicles in normal operation by 25 to 30 percent on average. 
This will be verified with the WLTC 1, 2, 3 measurement cycle. 
As early as 2017 Daimler had announced that it would offer vol-
untary service measures that would include software updates 
for several millions of diesel vehicles in Europe. The company 
has since then extended this update campaign, among other 
things to include van models. As is well known, Daimler has in 
addition been carrying out obligatory recalls – during which 
software updates are also applied – at the order of Germany’s 
Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA) since 2018.

An important role is also being played by the launch of vehicles 
that comply with the Euro 6d-TEMP emissions standard. In  
the meantime all Mercedes-Benz passenger cars that can be 
ordered as new vehicles now comply with this standard at a 
minimum.

Conserving resources: consistently high recyclability
Raw materials that we require for use in our vehicles are avail-
able in sufficient quantities today. However, we will only be 
able to safeguard the supply of these materials in the long term 
if they are extracted and recycled in ways that are environ-
mentally friendly and socially responsible and in acceptable 
amounts. We therefore seek to establish a completely closed-
loop value and supply chain. This objective is also the driving 
force behind our implementation of various measures to lower 
resource consumption in all areas – from development all the 
way through to recycling. In this manner, we plan to increasingly 
decouple resource consumption per vehicle from the compa-
ny’s sales growth.

In order to evaluate the environmental compatibility of a vehi-
cle, we analyze the use of resources throughout its entire life 
cycle. The production of vehicles naturally requires great quan-
tities of materials. Therefore, one of the focal points of our 
development tasks is to keep the demand for natural resources 
as low as possible. During vehicle development, we also pre-
pare a recycling concept for every one of our Mercedes-Benz 
car models. This concept includes an analysis of the suitability 
of all components and materials for the various stages of the 
recycling process. As a result, all Mercedes-Benz car models 
are 85% recyclable and 95% recoverable. The key aspects of 
our activities in this area are:

–   the resale of tested and certified used parts through the 

Mercedes-Benz Used Parts Center (GTC),

–   the remanufacturing of used parts, and
–   the workshop waste disposal system MeRSy 

(Mercedes-Benz Recycling System).

102  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY

maintain a work culture that promotes outstanding perfor-
mance and a high level of motivation and satisfaction among 
our employees and management staff.

Our employees’ individual circumstances require working times 
to be flexibly organized. We therefore offer a varied range of 
working-time arrangements that include mobile working, part-
time work and job sharing, all of which improve performance 
by helping employees reconcile their professional and personal 
responsibilities.

Diversity and inclusion
Diversity is one of the five corporate principles at Daimler and 
a firmly established part of our culture. We require and encour-
age a working environment featuring equal opportunities and  
a culture of appreciation and respect. With “Diversity Shapes 
our Future,” we are underscoring the importance of diversity 
as a strategic factor for success at Daimler. Diversity manage-
ment enables us to reflect the diversity of our customers, sup-
pliers and investors around the world.

Daimler’s approximately 300,000 employees provide the Group 
with a vibrant mixture of cultures and ways of life. We shape 
diversity and inclusion with targeted programs and measures 
for our employees. With staff from more than 160 countries 
and a workforce that spans five generations, our company is 
an organization made up of international teams – with mem-
bers of all ages. We provide our employees with the opportu-
nity to express their sexual orientation and identity. We offer 
equal opportunities to people with disabilities and also support 
their further training and qualification. We expressly promote 
equality of opportunity between the genders.

We have committed ourselves to raising the proportion of 
women in senior management positions at the Group to at least 
20% by the end of 2020. The proportion of women in such  
positions has continually risen in recent years to reach 19.8% at 
the end of 2019 (2018: 18.8%). Our instruments for supporting 
the targeted promotion of women include mentoring, special 
events and training courses, and employee networks.

In order to fulfill the requirements of legislation in Germany 
regarding the equal participation of women and men in man-
agement positions, the Board of Management has set targets 
for the proportion of women at the two management levels 
below the Board of Management and a deadline for achieving 
those targets. In setting all targets, we have taken industry-
specific circumstances into consideration.

Further details are provided in the “Declaration on Corporate 
Governance, Corporate Governance Report” section on 
E pages 185 ff of this Annual Report.

The workforce

Number of employees at prior-year level
On December 31, 2019, the Daimler Group employed a total  
of 298,655 men and women (2018: 298,683). Contrary to the 
forecast in Annual Report 2018, the number of employees 
remained at the prior-year level.  B.41

The number of employees in Germany decreased from 174,663 
in 2018 to 173,813 in the year under review. Whereas employee 
numbers in 2019 declined in the United States to 25,788 (2018: 
26,310), they increased in Brazil to 11,128 (2018: 10,307) and 
in Japan to 10,056 (2018: 9,918).   B.42 Our consolidated sub-
sidiaries in China had a total of 4,439 employees at the end  
of the year (2018: 4,424). At the end of the reporting year, the 
parent company Daimler AG employed a total of 6,887 men and 
women (2018: 149,797). The decline in workforce numbers at 
Daimler AG was due to the implementation of “Project Future,” 
which was approved by the 2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meet-
ing. Within the framework of this project, the Mercedes-Benz 
Cars, Mercedes-Benz Vans, Daimler Trucks and Daimler Buses 
divisions were separated from Daimler AG and established as 
legally independent units known as Mercedes-Benz AG and 
Daimler Truck AG. Following this separation, Daimler AG was 
restructured into an operational management holding company 
that provides services to the Group companies.

Around the world, we have combined in-house services, such 
as those for financial processes, human resources (HR), IT and 
development tasks, sales functions and certain location-spe-
cific services, into shared service centers. Some of the shared 
service centers are not consolidated because they have a neg-
ligible affect on our financial position, cash flow or profitability; 
those companies employed approximately 13,400 men and 
women at the end of 2019.

The Group’s total workforce also does not include the employees 
of companies that we manage together with Chinese partners; 
on December 31, 2019, they numbered approximately 22,600 
people (2018: 19,900).

Human resources strategy
The key aims of our human resources strategy are to further 
increase our appeal as an employer and to safeguard and further 
extend the competitiveness of our workforce. Because our 
executives should motivate their employees to achieve top per-
formance and assume more personal responsibility, it is crucial 
that we further develop our management culture and establish 
outstanding leadership capabilities in our management. In 
addition, we want to take on social responsibility and let diver-
sity flourish in our global company.

High attractiveness as an employer
Our activities and measures for enhancing our attractiveness as 
an employer are designed to enable us to recruit and retain 
specialized employees and qualified managers. In this regard, 
we also make use of external communication channels such as 
our Careers website w daimler.com/career and social media 
sites (e.g. Instagram and Facebook). We also develop target 
group-specific marketing campaigns. The most recent example 
of such a campaign is the “Next Big Thing,” an international 
campaign designed to make IT and artificial intelligence experts 
more aware of what Daimler has to offer as an attractive 
employer. Our primary objectives for such measures are to 
ensure attractive and fair compensation and to establish and 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  103

Securing young talent
Daimler takes a holistic approach to securing young talent. 
This begins with programs for children and teenagers (in our 
Genius initiative, for example) and extends to a broad range  
of activities such as social media campaigns, hackathons, 
competitions and internships that offer young talents the pos-
sibility to get in touch with the company. After university  
students graduate, we offer them attractive possibilities to join 
our company directly or launch their careers at Daimler by  
taking part in our global training programs.

Employee qualification
We provide our staff with training and continuing education 
opportunities throughout their entire careers in order to safe-
guard the long-term innovative capability and outstanding  
performance of our workforce. The rapid pace of technological 
change is making lifelong learning more important, especially  
as we must now assume that employees will need to make more 
major changes than ever before to their skills profiles through-
out their careers. Our range of qualification measures for safe-
guarding our workforce’s employability includes practical  
training courses, e-learning courses, seminars, workshops, 
specialist conferences and financial support for employees 
who participate in a course of study while continuing to work. 
In 2019, for example, we offered training courses on new  
developments in the fields of electric mobility and robotics. 
During the year under review, around 45,000 employees 
throughout Germany participated in training programs relating 
to electric mobility.

Health management and occupational safety
Healthy and motivated employees are important for our com-
petitiveness. We therefore promote the health and safety of 
our employees through numerous programs that focus on work 
safety concepts and standards, ergonomics, the provision of 
medical care, nutritional advice, individual exercise, measures 
to promote mental health and personal resilience, and much 
more. Our Health & Safety unit defines, coordinates and moni-
tors measures that promote and ensure occupational health 
and safety at the company. The implementation of such mea-
sures at our plants is managed by corresponding experts.

Further information on employee matters can be found in the 
Non-Financial Report on E pages 203  ff.

Social responsibility

The goals associated with our social commitment
As one of the world’s leading vehicle manufacturers, Daimler 
and its numerous brands are well known around the globe.  
Our company stands for business success, advanced solutions 
and social responsibility. This combination is important for  
us because we can only remain successful in the future if the 
climate that we operate in is also prospering. A high level of 
education among the population, as well as a high degree of 
economic and social stability, are crucial for ensuring a society 
worth living in – and ultimately the success of our work as well. 
This is why we work to achieve sustainable social development 
in our markets and in the communities in which we  
operate. We also encourage our employees to support our 
efforts here. This is important because social commitment 
expands one’s horizons and also strengthens our own corpo-
rate culture.

B.41
Employees by division

Employees (December 31)

% change

2019

2018

19/18

Daimler Group
Mercedes-Benz Cars1
Daimler Trucks1
Mercedes-Benz Vans1
Daimler Buses1

Daimler Mobility

Group 
Functions & Services1

298,655

152,048

83,437

21,346

17,960

12,680

298,683

151,316

82,676

21,810

17,729

14,070

11,184

11,082

-0

+0

+1

-2

+1

-10

+1

1  Adjustment of the workforce numbers in 2018 due to changes to 

the assignment of employees within the Group.

B.42
Employees at 12/31/2019

By region

Germany 

Europe, excluding Germany 

USA 

Brazil 

Japan 

China* 

Other 

58.2%

14.4%

8.6%

3.7%

3.4%

1.5%

10.2%

* excluding non-consolidated associated companies and joint ventures

B.43
Donations and sponsoring in 2019

Charity & Community 

Arts & Culture 

Education 

Science & Technology &
Environment 

Political dialogue 

77%

4%

13%

5%

1%

All of our activities in this area, as well as initiatives such as 
“Mobile Kids” and “Genius,” form a part of our sustainable 
business strategy within the framework of the three pillars 
“With our employees,” “For our locations” and “Worldwide.” 
 B.43 In 2019, we spent around €60 million on donations to 
non-profit institutions and the sponsorship of socially benefi-
cial projects. This does not include our foundations or self- 
initiated projects.

With our employees
One of our employees’ social commitment initiatives is the 
ProCent program, in which Daimler employees voluntarily 
donate the cent amounts of their net salaries and Daimler 
matches every cent donated. The total amount then goes into 
a support fund for socially beneficial projects, which can be 
nominated by the employees. As a result, a total of €8.45 million 
has been released since the launch of the initiative in December 
2011. Donation recipients included the “Verein der Palliativ-
Care-Teams im Kreis Böblingen e. V.” palliative care association, 
which received laptops equipped with special software.

104  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY

The Daimler Fund in the Donors’ Association focuses on struc-
tural problems related to research and teaching, as well as on 
the engineering sciences and international and scientific coop-
eration. Since 1993, it has helped establish 27 endowed pro-
fessorships/assistant professorships in Germany and abroad.

More information on the projects promoted by the Group and 
the activities related to our social commitment can be found in 
the Daimler Sustainability Report and on our website under 
“Sustainability.” w daimler.com/sustainability

Further information on social matters can be found in the  
Non-Financial Report of this Annual Report. E pages 208 ff

Social Days, the “Day of Caring” and other hands-on campaigns 
such as “Give a Smile” give our employees the opportunity  
to participate in socially beneficial projects. During the year 
under review, around 2,600 employees participated in the 
Social Days alone. All of these activities are for a good cause, 
and they also aim to strengthen the motivation and cooperation 
of our employees within the company. 

For our locations
We conduct a wide variety of projects that not only support 
social development at our locations but also address specific 
challenges that our neighboring communities face. Since 2016, 
for example, we have been working with the Stuttgart Civic 
Foundation and other companies in the Stuttgart Campus edu-
cation and training project to support the integration of immi-
grants and refugees. In November 2019, Stuttgart Campus was 
presented with an integration award after it had been selected 
as one of the ten best integration projects in Germany.

Worldwide
We initiate aid projects worldwide to help people determine the 
course of their lives independently, on their own responsibility, 
and without material deprivation, and in this manner create a 
better future for the generations to come. The “Bon Pasteur” 
project, for example, conducts targeted education programs in 
order to improve the future prospects of more than 19,000 
people from eight villages in cobalt-mining and other mining 
regions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The project 
has also established safe spaces especially for children, girls 
and women in order to protect them against the worst forms  
of child labor and gender-based violence.

Funding through foundations
Our foundations support projects around the world related to 
science, research, technology, education and sports. The 
Laureus Sport for Good Foundation uses sports to bring people 
together. It primarily enables socially disadvantaged children 
and teenagers to discover their potential through sports, and 
thus creates opportunities for a better future. There are now 
around 200 Laureus projects under way in more than 40 coun-
tries. One example is the “Moving the Goalposts” project in 
Kenya, in which girls in one of the country’s poorest regions are 
taught how to become confident young women. The project 
offers training and education courses that teach the girls how 
to speak effectively in public and better organize their daily 
lives.

The Daimler and Benz Foundation supports interdisciplinary 
scientific dialog and research projects. The purpose of the 
foundation is to examine and clarify the interrelationships 
between human beings, the environment and technology. The 
foundation offers scholarships to outstanding young scien-
tists, and it also designs and implements innovative research 
formats and organizes lecture series.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AND INTEGRITY  105

Our Compliance Management System (CMS) serves as  
the foundation
Our Compliance Management System (CMS), which has its basis 
in our culture of integrity, is designed to support the obser-
vation of laws and policies in the company and by its employees 
and to prevent misconduct. The measures needed for this are 
defined by our compliance and legal affairs organizations in a 
process that also takes business requirements into account  
as appropriate. Our CMS consists of basic principles and mea-
sures for the promotion of compliant behavior throughout the 
Group. The CMS is based on national and international standards 
and is applied on a global scale at Daimler AG and all Group 
companies. The systematic minimization of compliance risks is 
extremely important here, and for this reason we analyze and 
assess the compliance risks of our Group companies every year. 
These analyses are based on centrally compiled information  
on the Group companies; specific additional details are taken 
into account if necessary. The results of the analyses form the 
basis of our risk management.

More detailed information on the Daimler Compliance Manage-
ment System can be found in the Non-Financial Report section 
of this Annual Report. E pages 212 ff

In order to ensure an independent external assessment of our 
Antitrust and Anti-Corruption Compliance Program, KPMG AG 
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft audited the Compliance Man-
agement System for antitrust law and anti-corruption in accor-
dance with Audit Standard 980 of the Institute of Public Audi-
tors in Germany. This audit, which was based on the principles 
of appropriateness, implementation and effectiveness, was 
already successfully completed at the end of 2016 (antitrust) and 
at the end of 2019 (anti-corruption).

Integrity, compliance and legal affairs

Shared values and rules provide orientation in times of techno-
logical transformation and social change. These values and 
rules help us make the right decisions and fulfill our responsi-
bility not just for our business success but also for the environ-
ment and the societies we live in.

As one of our main corporate values, integrity is as much a part 
of everyday business conduct at Daimler as compliance and 
legal responsibility. The foundation is our Integrity Code, which 
was modernized and updated in 2019, and which focuses, 
among other topics, on technical compliance. It is binding on 
all companies and employees of Daimler AG and all Group 
companies worldwide. The Code contains central corporate 
principles of behavior that we expect all of our employees  
and business partners to adhere to out of a sense of convic-
tion. We expect our executives to serve as role models in 
terms of ethical behavior and thus offer employees guidance  
in this regard.

The task of Integrity Management is to promote the culture of 
integrity at the Daimler Group and support its further develop-
ment and to provide the management and the employees with 
the necessary tools and knowledge. The unit’s goal is to estab-
lish and maintain a common understanding of integrity in order 
to reduce risks and help ensure Daimler’s sustained success.

To this end, a large number of communication activities and 
measures are carried out. These include dialog events, training 
programs and employee surveys that provide employees with 
important stimuli and advice related to their daily work and 
business decision-making. Our “Infopoint Integrity” is available 
to all of our employees as a central point of contact and a  
center of advice on integrity-related issues in the daily working 
environment. In addition, a network of integrity contact per-
sons supports the divisions in ensuring that all integrity-related 
measures are firmly embedded within their organizations. One 
of the things we focused on in 2019 was dialog sessions that 
addressed the topic of technical integrity in the development 
departments of our various business divisions.

Further information can be found in the Non-Financial Report. 
E pages 211 ff

Compliance and legal responsibility
Value-based compliance is an indispensable part of our daily 
business activities at Daimler. For us, compliance means acting 
in accordance with laws and regulations. Our objective here  
is to ensure that all of our employees worldwide are always able 
to carry out their work in a manner that is in compliance with 
applicable laws, regulations, agreements with workers’ represen-
tative bodies, voluntary commitments and our values, as set 
out in binding form in our Integrity Code. Our compliance activi-
ties focus on complying with anti-corruption regulations, the 
maintenance and promotion of fair competition, the compliance 
of our products with technical and regulatory stipulations, 
respect for and the protection of human rights, adherence to 
data protection laws, compliance with sanctions and the pre-
vention of money laundering. Our compliance and legal organi-
zations are designed to ensure that they can advise and sup-
port all of our corporate units worldwide with regard to their 
business operations, processes and services in order to mini-
mize legal and business risks.

106  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SITUATION

Overall Assessment of the Economic Situation 

In the opinion of the Board of Management, at the time of pub-
lication of this Annual Report, the Daimler Group is in a phase 
of transition, which brings great opportunities but also consid-
erable risks: 

–  We have presented a new sustainable business strategy, 
which is designed to lead us into a CO2-neutral future. 

–  After receiving the approval of the Annual Shareholders’ 

Meeting, we launched a new corporate structure effective 
November 1, 2019, which makes us more flexible and focuses 
our businesses more closely on our customers. 

–  We are on the threshold of a far-reaching transformation pro-
cess that will change the Daimler Group and the automotive 
industry as a whole to an unprecedented extent in the coming 
years. 

–  An additional factor is an environment featuring trade con-

flicts, extremely demanding targets for CO2 reductions, and 
economic and political uncertainties. 

Against this backdrop, our divisions generally performed well 
in the market in 2019. In Interbrand’s current Best Global 
Brands 2019 ranking, the Mercedes-Benz brand is the world’s 
most successful and most valuable premium automotive 
brand. In 2019, the brand set a new record for unit sales for  
the ninth consecutive year, although growth was somewhat 
weaker than expected. We also increased our unit sales of vans 
and buses, and maintained or actually strengthened our  
position in key markets. Although our unit sales of trucks were 
lower than in the previous year, we continue to be the world’s 
largest manufacturer of trucks over 6 tons. At Daimler Mobility, 
new business and contract volume continued to develop posi-
tively in the year under review. 

With a large number of new and innovative products and ser-
vices, we have established a good starting position to meet the 
upcoming challenges. We are also very well positioned in the 
key technologies that are important for the future of mobility. 

Daimler is pushing ahead with the electrification of the auto-
mobile. The entire Mercedes-Benz car portfolio is to be electri-
fied by 2022. This means that various electrified alternatives 
will be offered in each segment – from compact cars to large 
SUVs. By 2025, we expect all-electric vehicles to account for 

up to 25%. To this end, we plan to launch more than ten all-
electric automobiles. Mercedes-Benz Vans already offers the 
eVito, the eSprinter and our battery-powered multipurpose 
vehicle is to follow in 2020. And Mercedes-Benz Vans has also 
announced an electric version of the successor model to the 
Citan. By 2022, Daimler Trucks will make electric vehicles ready 
for series production in all major regions and segments, with  
a focus on battery-powered trucks. The range will be supple-
mented in the second half of this decade by fuel-cell and 
hydrogen-based systems for trucks. Daimler Buses already 
presented the all-electric eCitaro in mid-2018. Buses equipped 
with fuel-cell systems are to supplement the product range. 

In the field of automated driving, we launched a long-term devel-
opment cooperation with BMW in the year under review. We 
intend to jointly develop the next generation of technology for 
driver assistance systems and automated driving on highways, 
as well as automated parking functions. As of 2024, such sys-
tems are to be available for private customers in passenger 
cars. Daimler Trucks will initially focus on Hub2Hub operations 
in SAE Level 4 automated driving mode on American highways. 
The potential elimination of the driver and the associated cost 
savings could result in a viable business model. All expertise 
and activities for trucks with automated driving functions have 
been brought together at the Daimler Trucks Autonomous Tech-
nology Group. Torc Robotics, in which we acquired a majority 
interest in 2019, is part of the Autonomous Technology Group. 

In order to further improve our competitiveness and combine 
our strengths, we have entered into pioneering partnerships 
for mobility services, for the further development of the smart 
brand’s model portfolio, and for the establishment of a wide-
ranging charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. 

Numerous positive aspects of the Group’s current situation are 
of benefit to us with regard to the current transformation  
process. On the other hand, we have a generally unsatisfactory 
development of key financial performance indicators.  

The operating profit (EBIT) of the Daimler Group of €4.3 billion 
was significantly lower than in the previous year (€11.1 billion). 
There were particularly significant decreases at the Mercedes-
Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans divisions. In the automo-
tive business as a whole, our return on sales of 1.5% was signifi-
cantly below our target, and the free cash flow of the industrial 
business of €1.4 billion was also significantly lower than in the 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD  107

previous year. Various special factors contributed to this devel-
opment, such as expenses relating to regulatory proceedings 
for diesel vehicles. But even if we exclude these special items 
and also take into account the ongoing high level of expendi-
ture for new products and technologies, we cannot be satisfied 
with our earnings in 2019. 

Events after the  
Reporting Period 

Personnel measures in production-related and  
administrative areas in the years 2020 to 2022  
In January 2020, Daimler agreed with the General Works Council 
on a general company agreement that, among other things, 
regulates voluntary agreements on termination of employment 
primarily for employees in indirect areas (i.e. in administration 
and production-related areas). Discussions with employees on 
voluntary agreements on termination of employment will begin 
in the second quarter of 2020. 

Establishment of joint venture smart Automobile Co., Ltd. 
Mercedes-Benz AG and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group estab-
lished the joint venture smart Automobile Co., Ltd. in December 
2019. The two companies are expected to contribute equal 
shares of RMB 2.7 billion each to the equity of the joint venture 
in the first half of 2020. The equity interest of Mercedes-Benz AG 
will mainly consist of the contribution of the smart brand, which 
will have a positive impact on earnings before taxes of approxi-
mately €0.1 billion to €0.2 billion at the future  Mercedes-Benz 
Cars & Vans segment. 

Sale of 30% of the shares in HERE 
In December 2019, There Holding B.V. (THBV) and HERE Inter-
national B.V. (HERE) and other companies signed an agreement 
on the basis of which 30% of the shares in HERE are to be  
sold to a joint venture between Mitsubishi Corporation and 
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. The transaction 
is expected to be completed in the first half of 2020 after 
receiving the approval of the relevant authorities. The comple-
tion is expected to lead to a gain of €0.1 billion. 

This is true also because we plan to invest approximately €14 
billion in property, plant and equipment and nearly €19 billion 
in research and development projects in 2020 and 2021. We 
are thus maintaining the high level of expenditure necessary to 
secure our future – despite the fact that we are applying funds 
much more efficiently, focusing even more on the most impor-
tant projects and sharing costs in collaborative projects. 

High expenses for the transition to a CO2-neutral future will 
continue to reduce our earnings in the coming years. It is 
therefore important that we now take the measures that will 
enable us to generate adequate returns and cash flows again  
in the medium term, even under less favorable conditions.  
For that reason, we are initiating comprehensive measures to 
increase profitability at all our divisions and at Daimler AG. 
They include personnel measures, material-cost savings, prio-
ritization of investments, portfolio and model adjustments,  
the implementation of platform strategies and the thorough 
digitization of processes at Daimler Mobility. 

In November 2019, we presented our sustainable business 
strategy with its focuses of MOVE, PERFORM and TRANS-
FORM, whose implementation will open up the way to a suc-
cessful future. E pages 52 ff 

We aim to offer sustainable solutions for the personal mobility 
and the goods transport of the future. We want to inspire  
emotionally and convince rationally. With our Mercedes-Benz 
automobiles, we take this path with sustainable, modern luxury. 
And with innovative and highly efficient commercial vehicles, 
we intend to make our customers successful in the transport 
and haulage business. Achieving our return targets and a solid 
cash flow are currently our top priorities. Because an appropri-
ate rate of return is also the precondition for meeting the justi-
fied demands of our investors, our employees, our suppliers, 
and society as a whole. 

In order to achieve our goals, we are systematically implement-
ing our sustainable business strategy. Our starting position  
on the road to a profitable and at the same time CO2-neutral 
future is significantly better than current earnings figures  
suggest. There is still a lot to do, but we laid down the decisive 
markers in 2019. In doing so, we took into account that the 
transformation of the automotive industry not only involves 
risks, but also offers considerable opportunities, which we 
intend to utilize systematically. For example, the VISION EQS 
concept car, which we presented in September 2019, sets  
the direction: With such vehicles, we can completely redefine 
the automotive luxury segment. But CO2-neutral and auto-
mated driving opens up new market potential also for commer-
cial vehicles, as the success of our eCitaro electric city bus 
shows. 

All of this gives us great confidence for the coming years and 
the challenges that lie ahead. 

108  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

Remuneration Report

Principles of Board of Management 
 remuneration

Goals
The remuneration system for the Board of Management mem-
bers aims to promote the Company’s business strategy and its 
sustainable long-term development. When determining the 
total remuneration of the individual Board of Management mem-
bers, Daimler takes the condition of the Company into account 
as well as the members’ areas of activity and responsibility. This 
is done in line with legal requirements and with a clear focus on 
the competition. A balanced combination of non-performance-
related (fixed) and performance-related (variable) components 
of remuneration that also takes into account suitably ambitious 
performance parameters and performance indicators provides 
the Board of Management with an incentive to implement the 
corporate strategy and ensure the Group’s sustained success. 
In this way, Daimler reconciles the interests of all stakeholders, 
in particular those of the shareholders as the owners of the 
Company and those of the employees.

Practical implementation
For each upcoming financial year, the Presidential Committee 
at first prepares a review by the Supervisory Board of the system 
and level of remuneration on the basis of a comparison with 
competitors. The main focus is on checking for appropriateness, 
based on a horizontal and a vertical comparison.

In the horizontal comparison, the following aspects are given 
particular attention in relation to a group of comparable compa-
nies in Germany:
–    the effects of the individual fixed and variable components, 
that is, the methods behind them and their performance 
parameters;

–    the relative weighting of the components, that is, the relation-
ship between the fixed base salary and the short, medium 
and long-term variable components;

–    and the amount of the target remuneration consisting of a 
fixed base remuneration, an annual bonus as a short and 
medium-term variable component, and a long-term variable 
remuneration, also with consideration of entitlement to a 
retirement pension and fringe benefits.

The vertical comparison focuses on the ratio of Board of Man-
agement remuneration to the remuneration of the senior 
executives and the entire workforce of Daimler AG in Germany, 
also in terms of development over time. The Supervisory Board 
has defined the group of senior executives for this purpose. It 
consists of the Executive Vice Presidents and the management 
level 1 of Daimler AG in Germany.

In the event of significant changes in the relationship between 
the remuneration of the Board of Management and the hori-
zontal and vertical comparison groups the Supervisory Board 
establishes the causes and in the absence of objective rea-
sons for the deviations adjusts the remuneration of the Board 
of Management as necessary.

In carrying out this review of the appropriateness of the remu-
neration system and the remuneration, the Presidential Com-
mittee and the Supervisory Board consult independent external 
advisors. This was also done in late 2019. The result confirmed 
that the remuneration system for 2019 complied with the require-
ments of applicable law.

If the review results in a need for changes to the remuneration 
system for the Board of Management, the Presidential Com-
mittee submits the relevant proposals to the entire Supervisory 
Board for its approval.

On the basis of the approved remuneration system, the Super-
visory Board decides at the beginning of the year on the base 
and target remuneration for the individual members of the Board 
of Management as well as on total remuneration limits. It also 
decides on the relevant performance parameters and the respec-
tive targets that are to be used in the bonus calculations (the 
short and medium-term variable remuneration components) for 
the upcoming financial year. Furthermore, sustainability-based   
non-financial targets are drawn up for the Board of Management 
as a whole, as are transformation targets oriented toward the 
implementation of future-focused measures for the Group’s 
technological and sustainable realignment. Since the 2019 
financial year, the annual bonus for the Board of Management 
and for managers has been calculated according to uniform 
goals/criteria and a uniform system.

For the long-term variable component of remuneration, which 
is referred to as the Performance Phantom Share Plan (PPSP), 
the Supervisory Board sets an amount to be granted for the 
upcoming financial year in the form of an absolute amount  
in euros and sets the respective performance targets. The uni-
form approach for the targets/criteria and the PPSP system  
has been in force for the Board of Management and for manag-
ers since it was introduced in 2005.

After the end of each financial year, the amount of the annual 
bonus is determined by measuring the achievement of the 
financial, non-financial and transformation targets by the Board 
of Management as a whole. The Presidential Committee then 
calculates the annual bonus and submits its proposal to the 
Supervisory Board for its approval.

The amount to be paid out for the long-term variable remunera-
tion component (PPSP) is determined at the end of the four-
year plan period and approved for payment after the Presidential 
Committee and the Supervisory Board have been informed.

The remuneration system was approved by the Annual Share-
holders’ Meeting in 2019 with an approval ratio of 97.87%.

The system of Board of Management remuneration in 2019
The fixed base salary and the annual bonus each comprise 
approximately 30% of the target remuneration, while the vari-
able component of remuneration with a long-term incentive 
effect (PPSP) makes up approximately 40% of the target remu-
neration.  B.44

As before, only 50% of the annual bonus is paid out in the 
March of the following financial year. The other 50% is paid out 
a year later (deferral) with the application of a bonus-malus 
rule, depending on the development of the Daimler share price 
compared with an automotive index (STOXX Europe Auto 
Index) E page 48 ff, which Daimler AG uses as a benchmark 
for the relative share-price development. Both the delayed  
payout of the portion of the annual bonus (with the use of the 
bonus-malus rule) and the variable component of remunera-
tion from the PPSP with its link to additional, ambitious compar-
ative parameters and to the share price reflect the recommen-
dations of the German Corporate Governance Code as amended 
on February 7, 2017 and give due consideration to both posi-
tive and negative business developments.

The maximum amounts of remuneration of Board of Manage-
ment members are limited, both overall and with regard to the 
variable components.

As in the prior year, the maximum amounts of remuneration 
(cash payments) of the members of the Board of Management 
were set for financial year 2019 at 1.9 times the target remu-
neration for its members. It was 1.5 times the target remunera-
tion for its Chairman, who was in office until the end of the 
Annual Meeting 2019, and is 1.7 times the target remuneration 
for the new Board of Management Chairman. The target remu-
neration consists of the base salary, the target annual bonus and 
the grant value of the PPSP, excluding fringe benefits and 
retirement benefit commitments. With the inclusion of fringe 
benefits and retirement benefit commitments from the 
respective financial year, the maximum limit of total remunera-
tion increases by these amounts. The possible cap on the 
amount exceeding the maximum limit takes place with the pay-

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  109 

B.44
Remuneration structure 

Target remuneration consists of non-performance-related 
and performance-related components:

base salary  
(non-performance-related)  approx. 30%

short- and medium-term 
performance-related 
components 

approx. 30%

long-term performance-related 
components 

approx. 40%

B.45
Maximum limit of total remuneration1 2019
(cash payments)

Chairman of the Board of Manage-
ment

Other members of the Board of 
Management

1.7 times the target  
remuneration1

1.9 times the target  
remuneration1

Base salary in 2019 
+ target bonus = 100% of the 2019 base salary 
+ PPSP value when granted for 2019
Target remuneration1 2019

Base salary in 2019 
+  annual bonus for 2019  

(50% paid out in 2020 + 50% in 2021)

+  PPSP payment for 2019 (in 2023)  
incl. dividend equivalent payments

Total remuneration1 in 2019

The possible cap on the amount exceeding the maximum limit 
takes place with the payment of the PPSP for 2019 in 2023.

1    Excluding fringe benefits and retirement benefit commitments in 

all cases.

B.46
Base salary – fixed E page 109
base salary – fixed – oriented towards the area of responsibility 

base salary  
(non-performance-related)  approx. 30%
paid out in twelve monthly 
installments

ment of the PPSP issued in the relevant financial year, i.e. for 
the year 2019, with payment of the PPSP 2019 in 2023.  B.45

The individual components of the remuneration system are as 
follows:

The base salary is fixed remuneration relating to the entire 
year, oriented toward the area of responsibility of each Board 
of Management member and paid out in twelve monthly 
installments.  B.46

 
110  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

B.47
Annual bonus – short- and medium-term 
performance-related remuneration E page 110

short- and medium-term 
performance-related 
components 

approx. 30%

annual bonus 2019 =  target bonus  ×  overall target achievement 

    target bonus    
    = 100% of 
       base salary   
       2019 

target achievement EBIT

  +/- target achievement for the
  non-financial targets 
  +/- target achievement for the
  transformation targets 

  overall target achievement 

time of payment of annual bonus 2019
50% of annual bonus = in March of the year after the reporting year (2020) 

50% of annual bonus (deferral) = in March of the second year after the 

  reporting year (2021)

amount paid out deferral = 50% of annual bonus × “relative share performance”1

1  Depending on the development of the Daimler share price compared with the 
    STOXX Europe Auto Index. 

The annual bonus is a short and medium-term variable remu-
neration, the level of which during the reporting period is pri-
marily linked to the operating profit of the Daimler Group (EBIT) 
in the form of a comparison of actual and target values. For  
the past financial year, the Supervisory Board has derived the 
target value for the annual bonus from the growth targets  
and the especially ambitious level of the medium-term return 
that is based on the competition’s performance.  B.47

The annual bonus is also impacted by the transformation targets 
set by the Supervisory Board as well as by the sustainability-
oriented non-financial targets for the Board of Management as 
a whole. These factors can raise or lower the annual bonus by 
up to +/-25% and +/-10%, respectively.

Primary reference parameter:
–    comparison of actual EBIT in 2019 with EBIT targeted for 

2019.

Amount with 100% target achievement (target annual 
bonus):
In 2019, this is equivalent to the respective base salary.

B.48
Overview of the determination of the annual bonus from January 1, 2019

Financial targets
Strategic targets for the 
operational result

—   EBIT targeted/actual  

comparison

Non-financial targets
—  Employee targets
—  Customer targets
—  Diversity targets
—  Integrity targets

—  50% payout after one year
—   50% deferral coupled with 

share price perfor-
mance compared to 
competitors

Transformation targets
—  CASE ecosystem
—  Digitalization/ 
  connectivity
—  Electric driving/ 

integrated services
—  Autonomous driving
—   Strategic/organizational/
structural contribution of 
the Board of Management

0% – 200%

-10% – +10%

-25% – +25%

Maximally 235% (cap)

 
 
 
 
 
 
           
 
 
 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  111 

B.49
Financial target

Achievement of EBIT target results in 150% and is determined by

ROS
target 

×

Revenue
base 2018

×

Accumulated growth 
factor revenue

200 %

Target achievement target – actual
In billions of euros   

100 %

0 %

Actual target achievement
4.3 = 0%

6.7

13.5

15.8

0% for
50% EBIT target

150% for
EBIT target

EBIT

After the conclusion of financial year 2019, a comparison of the 
actual and target values was conducted for the transformation 
targets of each division. The Supervisory Board derived the 
Board of Management’s shared degree of target achievement 
from the divisions’ degrees of target achievement as well as 
the strategic, organizational and structural contribution of the 
Board of Management as a whole, taking into account the  
economic environment and the competitive situation and posi-
tioning of the Group. For the financial year 2019 this leads to 
the addition of 22% to the degree to which the financial target 
has been achieved.

Range of possible target achievement:

Financial target
The range of possible target achievement is between 0% and 
200%. The lower limit of this range is 50% of the EBIT target 
value; the upper limit is approximately 117% of the EBIT target 
value. If the actually achieved EBIT value is at or under the 
lower limit of the range, the target achievement degree is always 
0%. The total absence of a bonus is therefore possible. If  
the EBIT target is achieved, the degree of target achievement 
amounts to 150%.

If the actually achieved EBIT value is at or above the upper limit 
of the range, the degree of target achievement is always the 
maximum 200%. The range of target achievement develops 
linearly within the range.  B.49

Transformation targets
The transformation targets represent both quantitative and 
qualitative aspects. They can add or deduct up to 25 percentage 
points to/from the degree to which the financial target has 
been achieved.

In order to take into account the implementation of the future-
oriented measures for the technological and sustainable realign-
ment of the Group, the divisions defined key performance  
indicators and target values at the beginning of financial year 
2019 for the future-oriented CASE fields – Connected, Auto-
nomous, Shared & Services, Electric.

This criteria-based consideration of the future-oriented CASE 
fields was based on assessments of the success of product-
related, technical and economic activities/progress. Further-
more, the Company assessed the progress of sustainability/
Environment Social Governance (ESG) aspects and the success 
of strategic M&A activities. The defined key performance  
indicators are used for measuring the degree to which the trans-
formation targets have been achieved. They also support the 
corresponding activities, corrections or implementation steps 
of the Group’s sustainability strategy (for example, investment 
volume, growth of revenue from digital services, activation and 
connectivity rates of digital services, proportion of alternative 
drive systems, emission targets, development discipline with 
regard to the development progress of products and digital 
services, number of online contracts, proportion of digital self-
services, revenue from mobility services).

112  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

B.50
Integrity

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Integrity  
indicator

+

Approval rate  
of any question

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

> 80%

71-80%

61-70%

≤ 60%

> 74%

65-74%

60-64%

≤ 59 %

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

B.51
Quality

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Quality KPIs 
of all divisions

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

The addition or deduction is dependent 
on the respective target value, which is 
defined for each specific division and 
product.

B.52
Employee engagement

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Employee  
engagement

+

Participation 
rate

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

> 35%

31-35%

25-30%

≤ 25%

> 70%

66-70%

61-65%

≤ 60%

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

B.53
Diversity

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

Gender Diversity  
Aspirational Guidelines

Target overachieved ≥ 10%

Target overachieved < 10%

Target achieved

Target not achieved

Non-financial targets
The non-financial targets, which are oriented toward sustainabil-
ity and cultural aspects and have been uniform at all man-
agement levels since financial year 2019, are divided into four 
categories. Each category is weighted equally and receives  
an addition or a deduction of up to 2.5 percentage points to or 
from the degree of achievement of the financial target. After 
the end of the financial year, the degree of target achievement 
is calculated by comparing the target value and the actual 
value. On this basis, an addition to or a deduction from the 
degree of financial target achievement of up to a total amount 
of 10 percentage points is possible. The total of the addition  
or deduction resulting from the non-financial targets is rounded 
to two significant figures. For the financial year 2019 this results 
in an addition of +3% (rounded).

Specifically:
Achievement of the Group-level targets regarding the further 
development and permanent establishment of integrity was 
measured on the basis of certain standardized questions in  
a global employee survey. This measurement was based  
on the achieved approval rate of any question and the average 
approval rate achieved across all questions (integrity indica-
tor). This served as the basis for determining that +2.0% of the 
target was achieved at the Group level.  B.50

Quality and/or customer satisfaction targets (quality KPIs of  
all divisions) were defined by the individual divisions for the 
financial year. With regard to vehicles, a comparison of the tar-
get number and the actual number of claims during a pre-
defined period of time (MIS xx) was carried out. With regard to 
services, this comparison was carried out by means of a cus-
tomer satisfaction index. The degree of target achievement at 
the Group level (-2.5%) was derived as a weighted average of 
the individual divisional degrees of target achievement.  B.51

The degree of the employees’ commitment to the Group 
(employee engagement) was calculated on the basis of their 
answers to certain standardized questions in our global 
employee survey. These answers, together with the partici-
pation rate achieved in the employee survey, were used to derive 
a +1.0% degree of target achievement at the Group level for 
the maintenance and enhancement of a high level of satisfaction 
and motivation among the employees.  B.52

A target for the proportion of women in executive positions was 
defined at the Group level for a period of several years on  
the basis of Daimler’s in-house guidelines for the proportion of 
women in management positions (Gender Diversity Aspira-
tional Guidelines), which go beyond the legally obligatory targets. 
A +2.0% degree of target achievement was determined for  
this in a comparison of actual and target values that was con-
ducted at the end of the financial year.  B.53

B.54
Performance Phantom Share Plan (PPSP) –
long-term performance-related remuneration E page 113

B.55
PPSP 2019

dependent upon

Development of  
the performance factor

long-term performance-related 
remuneration 

approx. 40%

amount when granted in euros E page 113  
price of Daimler shares when issued  

=  preliminary number
  of phantom shares
(virtual shares)
three-year dividend entitlement 

after expiry of third plan year 

preliminary number of phantom shares × performance factor 
= final number of phantom shares, dividend entitlement in fourth year 

after expiry of fourth plan year 

final number of phantom shares × Daimler share price at end of plan 
= amount paid out 

Time of payment of Performance Phantom Share Plan 2019 
in February of the year 2023 

Compliance
Agreements have been reached with all the members of the 
Board of Management allowing for the partial reduction or 
complete elimination of the annual bonus for any member who 
violates the duties of Section 93 of the German Stock Cor-
poration Act (AktG) or in particular the principles laid down in 
the Company’s Integrity Code. If it is not possible to reduce  
a future bonus payment or a payment that has yet to be made, 
the Board of Management member in question will be required 
to pay back the amount of the bonus reduction. The Supervisory 
Board has the final decision on all such bonus reductions.

Limit for the annual bonus
The total amount to be paid out from the annual bonus is  
limited to 2.35 times the base salary of the respective financial 
year.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  113 

–  50% relates to the “return on sales” 

achieved in a three-year comparison  
with the defined group of competitors 
E page 114 
Bandwidth of possible target achieve-
ment:  
0% – 200%1

–  50% relates to “relative share perfor-

mance,” i.e. the performance of Daim-
ler’s share in a three-year comparison 
with the performance of the defined  
group of competitors (index).  
Bandwidth of possible target achieve-
ment:  
0% – 200%

Development of the  
Daimler share price

Price when issued and price at the end of 
the plan period Bandwidth of possible price 
development:  
maximum of 2.5 times the issue price

Maximum performance development (total cap): 
2.5 times the amount granted (including dividend equivalent pay-
ments throughout the plan period)

Stock ownership guidelines 
Share purchase obligation of up to 25% of the gross remuneration 
until the defined number of shares (between 20,000 and 75,000) has 
been purchased (shares to be held until the end of the term of ser-
vice)

1   Maximum of 195% if, in the event of target achievement of 195% – 

200%, the strategic return target has not been reached.

The Performance Phantom Share Plan (PPSP) is a variable 
element of remuneration with long-term incentive effects.  
At the beginning of the plan, the Supervisory Board specifies  
a grant value (absolute amount in euros) in the context of  
setting the individual annual target remuneration. This amount 
is divided by the relevant average price of Daimler shares  
calculated over a predefined long period of time, which results 
in the preliminary number of phantom shares allocated.

Also at the beginning of the plan, performance targets are set 
for a period of three years (performance period). Depending  
on the achievement of these performance targets with a pos-
sible range of 0% to 200%, after three years the phantom 
shares allocated at the beginning of the plan are converted 
into the final number of phantom shares allocated.After 
another plan year has elapsed (retention period), the amount to 
be paid out is calculated from this final number of phantom 
shares and the applicable share price at that time. The share 
price relevant for the payout under this plan is also relevant  
for allocating the preliminary number of phantom shares for the 
plan newly issued in the respective year.  B.54  B.55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
 
 
 
 
114  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

Performance parameters for Plan 2019:
–    50% relates to the Group’s return on sales in a three-year 

comparison with a group of competitors comprising listed 
vehicle manufacturers with an automotive component of 
more than 70% by revenue and an investment-grade credit 
rating (BMW, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Isuzu, Kia, Mazda, 
Nissan, Paccar, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, Volvo and Volkswa-
gen). For the measurement of success, the competitors’ 
average return on sales is calculated over a period of three 
years. Target achievement occurs to the extent to which 
Daimler’s return on sales deviates by a maximum of +/-2 
percentage points from 105% of the calculated average  
of the competitors.

  –    Target achievement of 100% only occurs when the average 

return on sales of the Daimler Group reaches 105% of the 
revenue-weighted average return on sales of the group of 
competitors. Maximum target achievement of 200% 
occurs if Daimler’s return on sales exceeds 105% of the 
revenue-weighted average of the competitors by 2  
percentage points or more. An additional limitation was 
implemented starting with PPSP 2015: If a target achieve-
ment of between 195% and 200% occurs, the maximum  
target achievement calculated from the performance 
parameter of return on sales compared to the group of  
competitors will only be deemed to be 200% if the actual 
return on sales for Daimler’s automotive business 
reaches at least the strategic target for return on sales  
in the third year of the performance period. Otherwise,  
target achievement will be limited to 195%.

  –    Target achievement of 0% occurs if Daimler’s return on sales 
is 2 percentage points or more lower. In the deviation 
range of +/- 2 percentage points, target achievement var-
ies in proportion to the deviation.

–    50% relates to “relative share performance,” i.e. the perfor-
mance of Daimler’s share in a three-year comparison with 
the performance of the defined group of competitors (index). 
If the performance of Daimler’s share (in percent) is the 
same as that of the index (in percent), target achievement is 
deemed to be 100%. If the performance of Daimler’s share 
price (in percent) is 50 percentage points or more below 
(above) the performance of the index, target achievement  
is deemed to be 0% (200%). In the deviation range of +/- 50 
percentage points, target achievement varies in proportion  
to the deviation.

Range of possible target achievement:
0 to 200%, that is, the plan has an upper limit. It may also  
be zero.

Value upon allocation:
Determined annually by the Supervisory Board; for 2019, 
approximately 1.4 times the base salary.

Value of the phantom shares on payout:
During the four-year period between the allocation of the pre-
liminary phantom shares and the payout of the plan proceeds, 
the phantom shares earn a dividend equivalent in the amount 
of the actual dividend paid on ordinary Daimler shares.

The value of the phantom shares to be paid out after the con-
clusion of the plan period depends on target achievement mea-
sured according to the criteria described above and on the 
share price relevant for the payout. This share price is limited 
to 2.5 times the share price at the beginning of the plan. In 
addition, the amount to be paid out is limited to 2.5 times the 
absolute euro amount specified at the beginning of the plan, 
which is relevant for the preliminary number of phantom shares 
allocated. This maximum amount also includes the dividend 
equivalent paid out during the four-year plan period.

The terms governing the PPSP include a provision that allows  
for the partial reduction or complete elimination of the annual 
bonus for any member of the Board of Management who 
clearly violates the principles laid down in the Company’s 
Integrity Code or any other professional obligations, prior  
to the payout of the plan proceeds. The Supervisory Board  
has the final decision on all such bonus reductions.

Policies for share ownership
As a supplement to these three components of remuneration, 
“Stock Ownership Policies” exist for the Board of Manage-
ment. These guidelines require the members of the Board of 
Management to purchase Daimler shares over several years  
and to hold those shares until the end of their Board of Man-
agement membership. The number of shares to be held is  
set between 20,000 and 75,000. In fulfillment of the policies, 
up to 25% of the gross remuneration out of each Performance 
Phantom Share Plan is generally to be used to acquire ordinary 
shares in the Company, but the required shares can also be 
acquired in other ways.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  115 

B.56
Overview of the determination of the annual bonus from January 1, 2020

Financial targets
Strategic objective for both 
financial targets

—   EBIT targeted/actual com-
parison (50% weighting)

—   Free cash flow of the 

industrial business tar-
geted/actual comparison 
(50% weighting)

Non-financial targets
—  Employee targets
—  Customer targets
—  Diversity targets
—  Integrity targets

Transformation targets
—  Sustainability
—   Digitalization/ 
connectivity/  
integrated services

—   Electric driving/ 

autonomous driving

—   50% payout after one year
—   50% deferral coupled with 

share price perfor-
mance compared to 
competitors

0% – 200%

-10% – +10%

0% – 25%

Maximally 200% (cap)

Further refinement of the remuneration system 
with effect from January 1, 2020

Change to the annual bonus as a short-term and medium-
term component of the remuneration
Effective in financial year 2019, the annual bonus was revised 
in view of the fundamental technological changes and the 
associated changes in the competitive environment in our 
industry, as well as changing customer behavior, the need  
for significant investments in new technologies, and the expec-
tations of our shareholders. The main focus was on the imple-
mentation of the new corporate strategy and on safeguarding 
the Group’s future by expanding our business model as an 
automaker and a provider of mobility services.

sess the Board of Management remuneration system. In  
its meeting in December 2019, the Supervisory Board decided 
to further refine the Board of Management remuneration  
system as of January 1, 2020. This decision was made on the 
basis of the latest conditions, Daimler’s in-house corporate 
strategy, and the expectations of our shareholders. The changes 
only affect the organization of the annual bonus and are 
explained below.

Because the Supervisory Board and the Board of Management 
continue to consider it important to have a uniform incentive 
system, the Board of Management has also decided to make a 
corresponding adjustment to the annual bonus for all the other 
management levels.

At the beginning of 2020, the Act on the Implementation of the 
Second Shareholders’ Rights Directive (Gesetz zur Umsetzung 
der zweiten Aktionärsrechterichtlinie/ARUG II) went into effect. 
Subject to the implementation periods specified therein, it will 
extensively change the requirements regarding Board of Man-
agement remuneration. The new German Corporate Governance 
Code (DCGK), which is expected to come into effect in the  
first quarter of 2020, will also contain new recommendations 
regarding the remuneration of members of the Board of Man-
agement. The Supervisory Board took this opportunity to reas-

Additional financial target
In times of comprehensive transformation, it is especially 
important to align the incentives in the remuneration system 
with a responsible prioritization of the allocation of capital.  
As a result, the free cash flow of the industrial business will be 
included as an additional financial target and have equal 
weight to the Daimler Group’s operating result (EBIT). In addition 
to EBIT, the free cash flow of the industrial business is one  
of the most important financial performance indicators for the 
Daimler Group’s operational financial performance.

116  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

B.57
Financial targets: 
EBIT and free cash flow of the industrial business (FCF IB)

Achievement of EBIT respectively FCF IB target results in 150% target achievement

200 %

150 %

100 %

50 %

0 %

Target achievement target – actual

0% for
25% target

150% for
target

200% for
125% target

EBIT / 
FCF IB

The free cash flow of the industrial business, which comprises 
the cash flows at the automotive business divisions and the 
cash flows from taxes and other reconciliation items that can-
not be allocated to the divisions, is of particular importance  
for the financial strength of the Daimler Group.

The target value of EBIT for each financial year continues to be 
derived on the basis of the desired medium-term return, which 
is set by the Supervisory Board and is ambitious and oriented 
toward the competitive environment, and derived from the 
growth targets. The starting point of the calculation is now the 
revenue of the previous financial year. The target value for  
the free cash flow of the industrial business in the respective 
financial year is based on the defined target EBIT of the seg-
ments of the automobile business (which, in turn, is derived from 
the strategic growth and return on sales targets) as well as  
on a strategic target for the cash conversion rate. The cash con-
version rate is the proportion of the period’s result that is 
scheduled to flow into the Group’s liquidity after the payments 
for the necessary investments in research, development,  
tangible fixed assets, and working capital are taken into account 
as part of the strategic growth target.

As part of the comparison of target and actual values, the  
actually achieved value used in determining the free cash flow 
target achievement is adjusted for certain factors that were 
already taken into account in the target achievement of the 
annual bonus in 2019 or earlier.

The range of possible target achievement for the two financial 
targets (EBIT and free cash flow of the industrial business)  
is between 0% and 200%. The lower limit of this range is 25% of 
the target value; the upper limit is 125% of the target value.  
If the actually achieved value is at or under the lower limit of 
the range, the target achievement degree is always 0%. The  
total absence of a bonus is therefore possible. If the actually 
achieved value is at or above the upper limit of the range,  
the target achievement degree is 200%, which is the maximum 
it can reach. The degree of target achievement develops lin-
early within the range.  B.57

The total amount to be paid out from the annual bonus is lim-
ited to 2 times the base salary of the respective financial year.

Non-financial targets
The non-financial targets are uniform at all management levels 
and continue to be divided into four equally weighted catego-
ries. Each category receives an addition or a deduction of up to 
2.5 percentage points to or from the degree of achievement  
of the financial target.

After the end of the financial year, the degree of achievement 
of the non-financial targets is calculated by comparing the tar-
get values and the actual values. An addition to or deduction 
from the degree of target achievement of the financial targets 
of up to a total of 10 percentage points is possible. The rele-
vant target tiers for financial year 2020 can be found in tables 
 B.58,  B.59,  B.60 and  B.61.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  117 

B.58
Integrity

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Integrity  
indicator

+

Approval rate  
of any question

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

> 80%

71-80%

61-70%

≤ 60%

> 74%

65-74%

60-64%

≤ 59%

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

B.59
Quality

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Quality KPIs 
of all divisions

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

The addition or deduction is depen-
dent on the respective target value, 
which is defined for each specific divi-
sion and product.

B.60
Employee engagement

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Employee  
engagement

+

Participation 
rate

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

> 35%

31-35%

25-30%

≤ 25%

> 70%

66-70%

61-65%

≤ 60%

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

B.61
Diversity

Degree of target 
achievement

Addition or 
deduction 

Excellent

Good

Average

Low

2.5%

2.0%

1.0%

-2.5%

Gender Diversity  
Aspirational Guidelines

Target overachieved ≥ 10%

Target overachieved < 10%

Target achieved

Target not achieved

Transformation targets
Effective as of financial year 2019, transformation targets 
replaced the previous shared performance value for the Board 
of Management as a whole, which was derived from the 
Board of Management members’ individual target agreements 
and degrees of target achievement. Especially during the 
transformation phase, these transformation targets refer to 
quantitative as well as qualitative aspects and are assessed  
and evaluated accordingly by the Supervisory Board. Sustain-
ability/Environment Social Governance (ESG) aspects will  
play an even more explicit role for the transformation targets 
in the future, because sustainability is an integral part of  
our corporate strategy and thus an important factor in our 
business activities.

Against this backdrop, other performance continues to be taken 
into account in the transformation targets within the context  
of the implementation of our sustainability strategy (for exam-
ple, growth of revenue from digital services, activation and 
connectivity rates of digital services, proportion of alternative 
drive systems, emission targets, development discipline, 
development progress of products and digital services, number 
of online contracts, proportion of digital self-services, revenue 
from mobility services). In order to further reduce the method-
ological complexity of the Board of Management remuneration 
system, the target tier of the transformation targets was aligned 
so that it can no longer result in a deduction from the degree 
of target achievement for the financial targets in the future.

Reduction of the maximum target achievement in the 
annual bonus (cap)
The maximum target achievement in the annual bonus (cap) will 
be reduced from 235% to 200% of the target bonus. In this  
way we are maintaining the current opportunity-risk profile of 
the annual bonus while at the same time taking the adjust-
ment of the target tier of the transformation targets into account. 
The higher relative weighting of the non-financial targets and 
transformation targets in the total target achievement further 
underlines their significance.

No change in the other components of the remuneration 
system
The remainder of the remuneration system, in particular the 
composition of the remuneration of the Board of Management 
from the non-performance-related base salary, the annual 
bonus as a short-term and medium-term variable component 
with deferral and the long-term variable component PPSP,  
also remains unchanged, as does the relationship between the 
individual components of the remuneration. The current 
design of the PPSP, with the four-year duration of the plan, the 
measurement of the success targets compared to a defined 
and regularly monitored group of competitors that face the same 
strategic challenges, and the linkage with the absolute devel-
opment of the share price, is already oriented toward the long-
term success of the company.

118  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

B.62
Annual bonus
(short- and medium-term variable remuneration of the 
Board of Management members active at year-end)

50%(cid:31)
medium-term
(deferral)

50% (cid:31)
short-term

235

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

Maximum 235% of the base salary
+10% of the base salary
+25% of the base salary

200% of the (cid:31)
base salary

50% medium-term 
(deferral)

50% short-term

ACTUAL

25% of the base salary
+3% of the base salary
+22% of the base salary
0% of the base salary

Non-financial success parameters(cid:31)
+/- 10%

Transformation targets (cid:31)
+/- 25%

Financial success 
parameters(cid:31)0% – 200%

B.63
PPSP 2015 (paid in 2019) 
(long-term variable remuneration  B.67)

Maximum
theoretically 500% 
of the grant value

With more than 250% target 
achievement, the total cap¹ applies.

Maximum
250%

Maximum
200%

ACTUAL
100%

ACTUAL
102%

ACTUAL
67%

ACTUAL
68%

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Grant value(cid:31)(from 
which is derived 
the preliminary 
number of phantom 
shares with the 
share price(cid:31)at 
beginning of plan 
€74.14)

Performance factor 
0% - 200%(cid:31)(from 
which is derived 
the final number of 
phantom shares 
with the share price 
at beginning of plan)

Development of 
Daimler share price 
from beginning 
until end of plan, 
maximum 2.5 times 
the issue price(cid:31)
(share price in €)

Overall target 
achievement 
final number of(cid:31)
phantom shares (cid:31)
times share price (cid:31)
at end of plan(cid:31)
€49.62)(cid:31)

1   Amount paid out including dividend-equivalent 
     payments of PPSP 2015.

Board of Management remuneration in financial 
year 2019

Board of Management remuneration in 2019 pursuant to 
Section 314 Subsection 1 No. 6 of the German Commercial 
Code (HGB)
The total remuneration granted by Group companies (excluding 
retirement benefit commitments) to the members of the Board 
of Management of Daimler AG is calculated as the total of the 
amounts of
–    the base salary in 2019,
–    the half of the annual bonus for 2019 payable in 2020 and 

measured as of the end of the reporting period,

–    the half of the medium-term share-based component of the 
annual bonus for 2019 payable in 2021 with its value at  
the end of the reporting period (entitlement depending on the 
development of Daimler’s share price compared with the 
STOXX Europe Auto Index),

–    the value of the long-term share-based remuneration (PPSP) 

at the time when granted in 2019, and
–    the taxable non-cash benefits in 2019.

For both of the share-based components – the second 50% of 
the annual bonus and the PPSP with a long-term orientation – 
the amounts actually paid out can deviate significantly from 
the values described depending on the development of the 
Daimler share price and on the achievement of the relevant 
target parameters. Upward deviation is possible only as far  
as the maximum limits described above. Both components can 
also be zero.

The possible upper limits with regard to the annual bonus and 
the PPSP are shown in tables  B.62 and  B.63.

The total remuneration of the Board of Management for the finan-
cial year 2019 amounts to €24.2 million (2018: €24.7 million). 
Of that total, €8.9 million was fixed, that is, non-performance-
related remuneration (2018: €9.5 million), €2.0 million (2018: 
€5.0 million) was short-term and medium-term variable perfor-
mance-related remuneration (annual bonus with deferral),  
and €13.3 million was variable performance-related remunera-
tion granted in the financial year 2019 with a long-term incentive 
effect (2018: €10.2 million).  B.64

The granting of non-cash benefits in kind, primarily expenses 
for security precautions and the provision of company cars, 
resulted in taxable benefits for the members of the Board of 
Management in 2019 as shown in table  B.65.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  119 

B.64
Board of Management remuneration in 2019

In thousands of euros

Ola Källenius1

Martin Daum

Renata Jungo Brüngger

Wilfried Porth

Markus Schäfer2

Britta Seeger

Hubertus Troska

Harald Wilhelm3 

Bodo Uebber4

Dr. Dieter Zetsche4

Total

Base salary

Short and medium-term variable 
remuneration (annual bonus)

Long-term variable  
remuneration (PPSP)

Total

Short-term

Medium-term

 Number   Value when granted 
(2019: at share price €50.00) 
(2018: at share price €70.13)

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019
2018

2019 
2018

1,340 
832

832 
832

832 
832

832 
832

508 
–

832 
832

832 
832

638 
–

379 
967

804
2,048

7,829 
8,007

168 
260

104 
260

104 
260

104 
260

64 
–

104 
260

104 
260

80 
–

47 
302

101
640

168 
260

104 
260

104 
260

104 
260

64 
–

104 
260

104 
260

80 
–

47 
302

101
640

36,982 
14,896

22,169 
14,896

22,169 
14,896

23,177 
15,573

17,735 
–

22,169 
14,896

22,169 
14,896

16,627 
–

26,502 
17,807

56,429
37,915

1,849 
1,045

1,108 
1,045

1,108 
1,045

1,159 
1,092

887 
–

1,108 
1,045

1,108 
1,045

831 
–

1,325 
1,249

2,822
2,659

3,525 
2,397

2,148 
2,397

2,148 
2,397

2,199 
2,444

1,523 
–

2,148 
2,397

2,148 
2,397

1,629 
–

1,798 
2,820

3,828
5,987

980 
2,502

980 
2,502

266,128 
145,775

13,305 
10,225

23,094 
23,236

1   Board of Management remuneration paid as a member until May 21, 2019; as the Chairman from May 22, 2019.
2   Board of Management remuneration paid from May 22, 2019.
3   Board of Management remuneration paid from April 1, 2019.
4   Board of Management remuneration paid until May 22, 2019.

B.65
Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits

2019

2018

In thousands of euros

Ola Källenius1

Martin Daum

Renata Jungo Brüngger

Wilfried Porth
Markus Schäfer2

Britta Seeger
Hubertus Troska3
Harald Wilhelm4
Bodo Uebber5
Dr. Dieter Zetsche5

90

120

95

87

57

94

394

62

44

65

161

121

93

88

–

164

494

–

164

195

Total

1,108

1,480

1   Board of Management remuneration paid as a member until May 21, 

2019; as the Chairman from May 22, 2019 (2018: including an 
 anniversary bonus of €69,456.50).

2  Board of Management remuneration paid from May 22, 2019.
3   For the fulfillment of disclosure obligations pursuant to Section 285 

No. 9a of the German Commercial Code (HGB), this amount is 
reduced by €149,366 for the financial year 2019 (2018: €182,254). 
The corresponding fringe benefits were granted and borne by a 
 subsidiary and are thus not included in the remuneration to be dis-
closed in the annual financial statements of the parent company, 
Daimler AG.

4  Board of Management remuneration paid from April 1, 2019.
5  Board of Management remuneration paid until May 22, 2019.

120  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

Details of Board of Management remuneration in 2019 
 pursuant to the requirements of the German Corporate 
Governance Code 
The following tables show for each individual member of the 
Board of Management on the one hand the benefits granted for 
the financial year and on the other hand the payments made  
in or for the reporting year and the retirement pension expense 
in or for the year under review in accordance with the recom-
mendations of Clause 4.2.5 paragraph 3 of the German Corpo-
rate Governance Code as amended on February 7, 2017.

The total of “benefits granted” for financial year 2018 is calcu-
lated from
–    the base salary in 2018,
–    the taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits in 

2018,

–    the half of the annual bonus paid in 2019 for 2018 at the 

value for target achievement of 100%,

–    the half of the medium-term annual bonus payable in 2020 
for 2018 at the value for target achievement of 100% (defer-
ral),

–    the value of the long-term share-based remuneration (PPSP) 

at the time when granted in 2018 (payable in 2022), and
–    the retirement pension expense in 2018 (service costs in 

The total of “benefits granted” for financial year 2019 is calcu-
lated from
–    the base salary in 2019,
–    the taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits in 

2019,

–    the half of the annual bonus payable in 2020 for 2019 at the 

value for target achievement of 100%,

–    the half of the medium-term annual bonus payable in 2021 
for 2019 at the value for target achievement of 100% (defer-
ral),

–    the value of the long-term share-based remuneration (PPSP) 

at the time when granted in 2019 (payable in 2023), and
–    the retirement pension expense in 2019 (service costs in 

2019).

The total of “payments made” for financial year 2018 is calcu-
lated from
–   the base salary in 2018,
–   the taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits in 

2018,

–   the half of the annual bonus paid in 2019 for 2018 at the 

value as of the end of the reporting period in financial year 
2018,

–   the half of the medium-term annual bonus paid in 2018 for 

2018).

2016 (deferral),

–   the value of the long-term share-based remuneration (PPSP 

2014) paid in 2018,

–   the dividend equivalent of the current PPSP (2015, 2016, 

2017 and 2018) paid in 2018, and

–   the retirement pension expense in 2018 (service costs in 

2018).

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  121 

The caps possible to ensure the total maximum amount shown 
in the table of benefits granted for financial year 2018 are 
implemented with the payout of PPSP 2018, which constitutes 
the last payment to be made of the components of remu-
neration granted in financial year 2018. For financial year 2018, 
therefore, the possible cap would take place in 2022, the year 
that PPSP 2018 is paid out.

The total of “payments made” for financial year 2019 is calcu-
lated from
–   the base salary in 2019,
–   the taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits in 

2019,

–   the half of the annual bonus payable in 2020 for 2019 at the 

value as of the end of the reporting period,

–   the half of the medium-term annual bonus paid in 2019 for 

2017 (deferral),

–   the value of the long-term share-based remuneration (PPSP 

2015) paid in 2019,

–   the dividend equivalent of the current PPSP (2016, 2017, 

2018 and 2019) paid in 2019, and

–   the retirement pension expense in 2019 (service costs in 

2019).

The caps possible to ensure the total maximum amount shown 
in the table of benefits granted for reporting year 2019 are 
implemented with the payout of PPSP 2019, which constitutes 
the last payment to be made of the components of remu-
neration granted in financial year 2019. For financial year 2019, 
therefore, the possible cap would take place in 2023, the year 
that PPSP 2019 is paid out.

122  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

B.66
Benefits granted

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits  
and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus,  
medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration  
(plan period of 4 years)

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Total remuneration
Total limit1 for components of remuneration  
granted in the reporting year excluding:
–  Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits
– Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Ola Källenius2 
Chairman of the Board of Management,  
Chairman of the Board of Management of Mercedes-Benz AG

Martin Daum 
Chairman of the Board of Management of  
Daimler Truck AG

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

min.

max.

2018

2019

min.

max.

832

1,340

1,340

1,340

832

832

832

832

161

993

90

90

90

1,430

1,430

1,430

121

953

120

952

120

952

416

670

416

670

1,045

1,877

257

1,849

3,189

261

0

0

0

0

261

1,575

1,575

4,588

7,738

261

416

416

416

416

1,045

1,877

244

1,108

1,940

250

0

0

0

0

250

120

952

978

978

2,750

4,706

250

3,127

4,880

1,691

9,429

3,074

3,142

1,202

5,908

5,252

7,878

5,252

5,252

1   Total limit  1.7 times for Mr. Källenius as of May 22, 2019 (1.5 times for Dr. Zetsche)/1.9 times target remuneration  

(base salary, target annual bonus, value when granted of PPSP, excluding fringe benefits and retirement pension commitments).

2   Board of Management remuneration paid as a member until May 21, 2019; as the Chairman from May 22, 2019.

Benefits granted

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits  
and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus,  
medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration  
(plan period of 4 years)

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Total remuneration
Total limit1 for components of remuneration  
granted in the reporting year excluding:
–  Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits
– Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Renata Jungo Brüngger 
Integrity & Legal Affairs

Wilfried Porth 
HR and Labor Relations Director &  
 Mercedes-Benz Vans

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

min.

max.

2018

2019

min.

max.

832

832

832

832

832

832

832

832

93

925

95

927

95

927

416

416

416

416

1,045

1,877

251

1,108

1,940

254

0

0

0

0

254

95

927

978

978

2,750

4,706

254

88

920

87

919

87

919

416

416

416

416

1,092

1,924

292

1,159

1,991

0

0

0

0

0

0

87

919

978

978

2,875

4,831

0

3,053

3,121

1,181

5,887

3,136

2,910

919

5,750

5,252

5,252

5,347

5,347

1   Total limit  1.7 times for Mr. Källenius as of May 22, 2019 (1.5 times for Dr. Zetsche)/1.9 times target remuneration  

(base salary, target annual bonus, value when granted of PPSP, excluding fringe benefits and retirement pension commitments).

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  123 

Benefits granted

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits  
and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus,  
medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration  
(plan period of 4 years)

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Total remuneration
Total limit1 for components of remuneration  
granted in the reporting year excluding:
–  Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits
– Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Markus Schäfer 
Group Research &  
Mercedes-Benz Cars Development

Britta Seeger 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Marketing & Sales

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

 May 22 – Dec. 31 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

min.

max.

2018

2019

min.

max.

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

508

508

508

832

832

832

832

57

565

254

254

887

1,395

155

57

565

0

0

0

0

155

57

565

597

597

2,200

3,394

155

164

996

94

926

94

926

416

416

416

416

1,045

1,877

248

1,108

1,940

254

0

0

0

0

254

94

926

978

978

2,750

4,706

254

2,115

720

4,114

3,121

3,120

1,180

5,886

3,602

5,252

5,252

1   Total limit  1.7 times for Mr. Källenius as of May 22, 2019 (1.5 times for Dr. Zetsche)/1.9 times target remuneration  

(base salary, target annual bonus, value when granted of PPSP, excluding fringe benefits and retirement pension commitments).

Benefits granted

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits  
and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus,  
medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration  
(plan period of 4 years)

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Total remuneration
Total limit1 for components of remuneration  
granted in the reporting year excluding:
–  Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits
– Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Hubertus Troska 
Greater China

Harald Wilhelm 
Finance & Controlling,  
Daimler Mobility

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

April 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

min.

max.

2018

2019

min.

max.

832

832

832

832

494

394

394

394

1,326

1,226

1,226

1,226

416

416

416

416

1,045

1,877

244

1,108

1,940

250

0

0

0

0

250

978

978

2,750

4,706

250

3,447

3,416

1,476

6,182

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

638

638

638

62

 700

319

319

831

1,469

218

62

700

0

0

0

0

218

62

700

750

750

2,063

3,563

218

2,387

918

4,481

5,252

5,252

3,990

1   Total limit  1.7 times for Mr. Källenius as of May 22, 2019 (1.5 times for Dr. Zetsche)/1.9 times target remuneration  

(base salary, target annual bonus, value when granted of PPSP, excluding fringe benefits and retirement pension commitments).

124  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

Benefits granted

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits  
and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus,  
medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration  
(plan period of 4 years)

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Total remuneration
Total limit1 for components of remuneration  
granted in the reporting year excluding:
–  Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits
– Retirement pension expense (service costs)

Bodo Uebber 
Finance & Controlling,  
Daimler Financial Services

Dr. Dieter Zetsche 
Chairman of the Board of Management,  
Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

 Jan. 1 – May 22 Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

 Jan. 1 – May 22

2018

2019

min.

max.

2018

2019

min.

max.

966

379

379

379

2,048

804

804

804

164

1,130

44

423

44

423

483

190

483

190

1,249

2,215

886

1,325

1,705

362

0

0

0

0

362

44

423

447

447

3,288

4,182

362

195

2,243

65

869

65

869

1,024

402

1,024

402

2,659

4,707

0

2,822

3,626

0

0

0

0

0

0

65

869

945

945

7,000

8,890

0

4,231

2,490

785

4,967

6,950

4,495

869

9,759

6,171

3,940

10,344

6,612

1   Total limit  1.7 times for Mr. Källenius as of May 22, 2019 (1.5 times for Dr. Zetsche)/1.9 times target remuneration  

(base salary, target annual bonus, value when granted of PPSP, excluding fringe benefits and retirement pension commitments).

B.67
Payments made

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus, medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration 

Payment of PPSP 2014

Payment of PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2016

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2017

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2018

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2019

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)
Total remuneration3

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  125 

Ola Källenius1
Chairman of the Board of Management,  
Chairman of the Board of Management of Mercedes-Benz AG

Martin Daum2
Chairman of the Board of Management 
of Daimler Truck AG

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

2018

2019

832

161

993

260

525

402

–

55

60

56

54

–

1,412

257

2,662

1,340

90

1,430

168

728

–

751

–

40

50

48

120

1,905

261

3,596

832

121

953

260

–

510

–

20

22

56

54

–

922

244

2,119

832

120

952

104

607

–

277

–

16

50

48

72

1,174

250

2,376

2,162

1  Payments as a Board of Management member made up to May 21, 2019; as the Chairman from May 22, 2019.
2  Payments from the long-term variable remuneration also include amounts granted before the Board of Management membership.
3  Amount actually paid during the financial year: (The difference pertains 
to the annual variable remuneration paid at the beginning of the follow-
ing year compared to the non-cash benefits in kind that were not paid 
out and the retirement pension expense).

2,784

2,161

3,337

126  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

Payments made

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus, medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration 

Payment of PPSP 2014

Payment of PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2016

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2017

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2018

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2019

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)
Total remuneration2

Renata Jungo Brüngger1
Integrity & Legal Affairs

Wilfried Porth 
HR and Labor Relations Director &  
Mercedes-Benz Vans

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

2018

2019

 832 

 93 

 925 

 260 

 525 

 208 

–

 9 

 60 

 56 

 54 

–

 1,172 

 251 

 2,348 

 832 

 95 

 927 

 104 

 728 

–

 120 

–

 40 

 50 

 48 

 72 

 1,162 

 254 

 2,343 

 832 

 88 

 920 

 260 

 525 

 1,448 

–

 58 

 62 

 59 

 57 

–

 2,469 

 292 

 3,681 

 832 

 87 

 919 

 104 

 728 

–

 785 

–

 42 

 52 

 51 

 75 

 1,837 

 -   

 2,756 

1  Payments from the long-term variable remuneration also include amounts granted before the Board of Management membership.
2  Amount actually paid out during the financial year: (The difference 

 pertains to the annual variable remuneration paid at the beginning of the 
following year compared to the non-cash benefits in kind that were not 
paid out and the retirement pension expense).

 2,544 

 2,150 

 3,841 

 2,825 

Payments made

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus, medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration 

Payment of PPSP 2014

Payment of PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2016

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2017

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2018

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2019

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)
Total remuneration2

Markus Schäfer1 
Group Research &  
Mercedes-Benz Cars Development

Britta Seeger1
Mercedes-Benz Cars Marketing & 

Sales

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31 May 22 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

2018

2019

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

508

57

565

64

–

–

–

–

13

17

19

58

171

155

891

832

164

996

260

–

56

–

3

6

56

54

–

435

248

1,679

832

94

926

104

728

–

37

–

4

50

48

72

1,043

254

2,223

1  Payments from the long-term variable remuneration also include amounts granted before the Board of Management membership. 
2  Amount actually paid out during the financial year: (The difference 

 pertains to the annual variable remuneration paid at the beginning of the 
following year compared to the non-cash benefits in kind that were not 
paid out and the retirement pension expense).

–

615

1,807

2,031

Payments made

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus, medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration 

Payment of PPSP 2014

Payment of PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2016

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2017

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2018

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2019

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)
Total remuneration1

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  127 

Hubertus Troska 
Greater China

Harald Wilhelm 
Finance & Controlling,  
Daimler Mobility

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31 April 1 – Dec. 31

2018

2019

2018

2019

832

494

1,326

260

525

1,385

–

55

60

56

54

–

2,395

244

3,965

832

394

1,226

104

728

–

751

–

40

50

48

72

1,793

250

3,269

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

638

62

700

80

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

54

134

218

1,052

692

1  Amount actually paid out during the financial year: (The difference 

 pertains to the annual variable remuneration paid at the beginning of the 
following year compared to the non-cash benefits in kind that were not 
paid out and the retirement pension expense).

3,767

2,781

Payments made

In thousands of euros

Base salary

Taxable non-cash benefits and other fringe benefits

Total

Annual variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, short-term)

Deferral (50% of annual bonus, medium-term)

Long-term variable remuneration 

Payment of PPSP 2014

Payment of PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2015

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2016

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2017

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2018

Dividend equivalent PPSP 2019

Total

Retirement pension expense (service costs)
Total remuneration1

Bodo Uebber 
Finance & Controlling,  
Daimler Financial Services

Dr. Dieter Zetsche 
Chairman of the Board of Management,  
Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – May 22

Jan. 1 – Dec. 31

Jan. 1 – May 22

2018

2019

2018

2019

967

164

1,131

302

624

1,656

–

66

71

67

65

–

2,851

886

4,868

379

44

423

47

848

898

–

–

–

–

–

1,793

362

2,578

2,048

195

2,243

640

1,349

3,463

–

138

149

144

138

–

6,021

–

8,264

804

65

869

101

1,780

1,877

–

–

–

–

–

3,758

–

4,627

1  Amount actually paid out during the financial year: (The difference 

 pertains to the annual variable remuneration paid at the beginning of the 
following year compared to the non-cash benefits in kind that were not 
paid out and the retirement pension expense).

4,448

2,679

9,407

5,635

128  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

Commitments upon termination of service

Retirement provision
In 2012, Daimler introduced a new company retirement benefit 
plan for new entrants and new appointments for employees 
paid according to collective bargaining wage tariffs as well as 
for executives: the “Daimler Pensions Plan.” This retirement 
benefit system features the payment of annual contributions by 
Daimler and is oriented toward the capital market. Daimler 
makes a commitment to guarantee the total of contributions 
paid, which are invested in the capital market according to  
a precautionary investment concept.

The Supervisory Board of Daimler AG has approved the appli-
cation of this system for all members of the Board of Man-
agement newly appointed since 2012. The amount of the annual 
contributions results from a fixed percentage of the base salary 
and the total annual bonus for the respective financial year  
calculated as of the balance sheet date. This percentage is 15%. 
This calculation takes into consideration the maximum level  
of retirement provision for each Board of Management member – 
also according to the period of membership – and the result-
ing annual and long-term expense for the Company. The contri-
butions to the retirement provision are granted until the age  
of 62. The benefit from the pension plan is payable to surviving 
Board of Management members at the earliest at the age of 
62, irrespective of their age upon retirement. If a member of the 
Board of Management retires due to disability, the benefit is 
paid as a disability pension, even before the age of 62.

The Pension Capital system was used from the beginning of 
2006 until the end of 2011. The pension agreements of active 
Board of Management members that were valid until that  
time were modified accordingly. All Board of Management 
members newly appointed during that period were subject 
exclusively to the Pension Capital system.

Under this system, each Board of Management member is cred-
ited with a capital component each year. This capital compo-
nent comprises an amount equal to 15% of the sum of the Board 
of Management member’s fixed base salary and the total 
annual bonus for the respective financial year on the balance 
sheet date, multiplied by an age factor equivalent to a rate  
of return of 6% until 2015 and 5% as of 2016 (Wilfried Porth: 5% 
for all years). These contributions to pension plans are 
granted only until the age of 60. The benefit from the pension 
plan is payable in the committed amount (sum of the capital 
components credited including interest) to surviving Board of 
Management members at the earliest at the age of 60,  
irrespective of their age upon retirement. If a member of the 
Board of Management retires due to disability, the benefit  
is paid as a disability pension, even before the age of 60.

Payments under the Pension Capital system and the Daimler 
Pensions Plan can be made in three ways:
–    as a single amount;
–    in twelve annual installments, whereby interest accrues on 
each partial amount from the time payments commence 
until the payout is complete (Pension Capital 6% or 5%; 
Daimler Pensions Plan in accordance with applicable law);
–    as an annuity with annual increases (Pension Capital 3.5%  

or in accordance with applicable law; Daimler Pensions Plan 
in accordance with applicable law).

The contracts specify that if a Board of Management member 
passes away before retiring for reason of age, the spouse/ 
registered civil partner or dependent children is/are entitled to 
the full committed amount in the case of the Pension Capital 
system, and to the credit amount reached plus an imputed 
amount until the age of 62 in the case of the Daimler Pensions 
Plan. If a Board of Management member passes away after 
retiring for reason of age, in the case of payment of twelve 
annual installments the heirs are entitled to the remaining  
present value. In the case of a pension with benefits for sur-
viving dependents, the spouse/registered partner or depen-
dent children is/are entitled to 60% of the discounted terminal 
value (Pension Capital), or the spouse/registered civil partner  
is entitled to 60% of the actual pension (Daimler Pensions Plan).

Until the end of 2005, the pension agreements of Board of Man-
agement members included a commitment to an annual 
retirement pension, calculated as a proportion of the former 
base salary and depending on the number of years of service;  
an analogous implementation of this commitment for the corre-
sponding hierarchical level applied to Wilfried Porth for the 
period prior to his serving as a member of the Board of Man-
agement. Such pension claims remained in effect after the  
conversion to the Pension Capital system but were frozen at 
the level reached at the beginning of 2006.

Payments of these pension claims start upon request when the 
term of service ends at or after the age of 60, or are paid as 
disability pensions if the term of service ends before the age of 
60 due to disability. The respective agreements provide for 
3.5% annual increases starting when benefits are received (with 
the exception that Wilfried Porth’s benefits are adjusted in 
accordance with applicable law). The agreements include a 
provision by which the spouse/registered civil partner of a 
deceased Board of Management member is entitled to 60% of 
that member’s pension.

That amount can increase by up to 30 percentage points 
depending on the number of dependent children.

Departing Board of Management members are also provided 
with a company car, in some cases for a defined period.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  129 

In the event of an early termination of the service contract, 
both the short-term and the delayed medium-term component 
(deferral) of the annual bonus, and the proceeds from the long-
term PPSP, are paid out not when the contract is terminated but 
instead at the points in time agreed upon in the service con-
tract or in the terms and conditions of the PPSP plan.

As part of the mutually agreed early termination of the Board 
of Management activities of Dr. Dieter Zetsche and Bodo Uebber 
at the conclusion of the Daimler AG Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting on May 22, 2019, it was agreed that the Company’s 
service contract benefits would continue to be provided  
until the respective service contracts expired on December 31, 
2019. For the period from May 23 to December 31, 2019  
Dr. Zetsche thus received a base salary of €1,244,291 and short-
term variable remuneration of €311,073 (measured as of  
the end of the reporting period, to be paid in 2020) as well as 
medium-term variable remuneration of €311,073 (measured  
as of the end of the reporting period, to be paid in 2021 subject 
to the bonus/malus rule) and fringe benefits of €142,244.  
The claims from long-term variable remuneration (PPSP) and 
the company pension scheme are paid out in accordance  
with the respective plan conditions.

Service costs for pension obligations to Board of Management 
members in accordance with IFRS amounted to €2.0 million  
in financial year 2019 (2018: €2.4 million). The present value of 
the total defined benefit obligation according to IFRS amounted 
to €32.9 million as of December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: 
€86.0 million). Taking age and period of service into account, 
the individual entitlements, service costs and present values 
are shown in the table.  B.68

Early termination of service
The durations of the contracts of service of the members of 
the Board of Management correspond to their terms of 
appointment. E page 32 f

In the case of unilateral early termination without an important 
reason, Board of Management service contracts include com-
mitments to payment of the base salary and provision of a com-
pany car until the end of the original service period at a maxi-
mum. Such persons are only entitled to payment of the annual 
bonus pro rata for the period until the end of the contract of 
service or of the Board of Management membership takes effect. 
Entitlement to payment of the performance-related compo-
nents of remuneration with a long-term incentive effect (PPSP) 
that has already been allocated is defined by the conditions of 
the respective plans. To the extent that the payments described 
above are subject to the provisions of the severance cap of  
the German Corporate Governance Code as amended on Feb-
ruary 7, 2017, their total including fringe benefits is limited  
to double the annual remuneration and may not exceed the total 
remuneration for the remaining period of the service contract.

B.68
Individual entitlements, service costs and present values for members of the Board of Management

 Annual pension (as regulated until 
2005) as of age 60

 Service cost (for pension, 
pension capital and 
 Daimler Pensions Plan) 

Present value1 of  
obligations (for pension, 
pension capital and  
Daimler Pensions Plan) 

In thousands of euros

Ola Källenius

Martin Daum

Renata Jungo Brüngger

Wilfried Porth

Markus Schäfer2

Britta Seeger

Hubertus Troska

Harald Wilhelm3 

Bodo Uebber4

Dr. Dieter Zetsche

Total

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019 
2018

2019
2018

2019 
2018

–
–

–
–

–
–

156 
156

– 
–

–
–

–
–

– 
–

– 
275

–
1,050

156 
1,481

261 
257

250 
244

254 
251

– 
292

155 
–

254 
248

250 
244

218 
–

362 
886

–
–

2,004 
2,422

4,062 
2,971

3,738 
3,261

1,655 
1,290

12,130 
11,270

3,114 
–

1,995 
1,467

6,028 
5,285

134 
–

18,387

–
42,023

32,856 
85,954

1   The amounts of the present values are primarily due to the low level of the relevant discount rate.
2   Mr. Schäfer pro rata from May 22, 2019.
3  Mr. Wilhelm pro rata from April 1, 2019.
4  Mr Uebber pro rata until May 22, 2019.

 
130  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT 

For the period from May 23 to December 31, 2019, Mr. Uebber 
received a base salary of €587,166, short-term variable remu-
neration of €146,792 (measured as of the end of the reporting 
period, to be paid in 2020), medium-term variable remuneration 
of €146,792 (measured as of the end of the reporting period, 
to be paid in 2021 subject to the bonus/malus rule) and fringe 
benefits of €63,818. The service cost for the pension obliga-
tions to Mr. Uebber amounted to €567,696 (€490,313 pursuant 
to Section 285 No. 9a HGB) for the period from May 23 to 
December 31,2019. The claims from long-term variable remu-
neration (PPSP) and the company pension scheme are also 
paid out in accordance with the respective plan conditions in 
this case.

Committee are paid an additional €72,000, the members of  
the Presidential Committee are paid an additional €57,600 and 
the members of the other committees of the Supervisory 
Board (such as the Legal Affairs Committee formed in 2019) 
are paid an additional €28,800; an exception is the Chairman  
of the Audit Committee, who is paid an additional €144,000. 
Additional payments are made for activities in a maximum  
of three committees; any persons who are members of more 
than three such committees receive additional payments for  
the three most highly paid functions. Members of a Supervisory 
Board committee are only entitled to remuneration for such 
membership in a financial year if the committee has actually 
convened to fulfill its duties in this period.

Sideline activities of Board of Management members
The members of the Board of Management should accept man-
agement board or supervisory board positions and/or any 
other administrative or honorary functions outside the Group 
only to a limited extent. Furthermore, they require the consent  
of the Supervisory Board before commencing any sideline 
activities. This ensures that neither the time required nor the 
remuneration paid for such activities leads to any conflict  
with the members’ duties to the Group. Insofar as such sideline 
activities are memberships of statutory supervisory boards or 
comparable boards of business enterprises, they are disclosed 
in the notes to the annual financial statements of Daimler AG, 
which are published on our website. In general, Board of Man-
agement members have no right to separate remuneration  
for board positions held at other companies of the Group.

Loans to members of the Board of Management
In 2019, no advances or loans were made or abated to mem-
bers of the Board of Management of Daimler AG.

Payments made to former members of the Board of Man-
agement of Daimler AG and their survivors
Payments made in 2019 to former members of the Board of 
Management of Daimler AG and their survivors amounted to 
€19.5 million (2018: €16.2 million). Pension provisions accord-
ing to IFRS for former members of the Board of Management 
and their survivors amounted to €355.8 million as of December 
31, 2019 (2018: €270.2 million).

The members of the Supervisory Board and its committees 
receive a meeting fee of €1,100 for each Supervisory Board 
meeting and committee meeting that they attend. The meeting 
fee is paid only once if several meetings of the Supervisory 
Board and/or its committees are held on the same calendar day.

In connection with the remuneration adjustment in 2017, all 
members of the Supervisory Board have made a self-commit-
ment to purchase Company shares in the amount of 20% of 
their gross annual salary (excluding committee remuneration 
and the meeting fee) every year and to hold these shares  
until the end of one year after they have left the Company’s 
Supervisory Board (voluntary obligation in accordance with  
the “comply or explain” principle).

This does not apply to Supervisory Board members whose 
Supervisory Board remuneration is subject in a mandatory or 
voluntary manner to the guidelines of the German Trade Union 
Confederation on the transfer of supervisory board remunera-
tion to the Hans Böckler Foundation, or to the same extent is 
subject to a transfer to the employer or claim to payment due 
to a service or employment contract. In the event that a lower 
amount of the Supervisory Board remuneration is transferred 
or credited, the voluntary commitment applies to 20% of the 
amount not transferred or credited. With this voluntary com-
mitment, the members of the Supervisory Board are express-
ing their focus on and commitment to the long-term, sustain-
able success of the Company.

Remuneration of the Supervisory Board

Supervisory Board remuneration in 2019
The remuneration of the Supervisory Board is determined by the 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting of Daimler AG and is governed 
by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation. The new regulations 
for Supervisory Board remuneration approved by the Annual 
Shareholders’ Meeting in March 2017 and effective for the 
financial year beginning on January 1, 2017 specify that the 
members of the Supervisory Board receive, in addition to  
the refund of their expenses and the cost of any value-added 
tax incurred by them in performance of their office, fixed remu-
neration of €144,000 after the conclusion of the financial year. 
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board receives an additional 
€288,000 and the Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board 
receives an additional €144,000. The members of the Audit 

In financial year 2019, no remuneration was paid for services 
provided personally beyond the aforementioned board and 
committee activities, in particular for advisory or agency ser-
vices, except for the remuneration paid to the members of  
the Supervisory Board representing the employees in accor-
dance with their contracts of employment.

The individual remuneration of the members of the Supervi-
sory Board is shown in the following table.  B.69

The total remuneration of all the activities of the members of 
the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG in the year 2019 was thus 
€4.6 million (2018: €4.2 million).

Loans to members of the Supervisory Board
No advances or loans were made or abated to members of the 
Supervisory Board of Daimler AG in 2019.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | REMUNERATION REPORT  131 

B.69
Supervisory Board remuneration

Name

In euros

Function(s) remunerated

Dr. Manfred Bischoff1

Chairman of the Supervisory Board, the Presidential Committee and the Nomination 
Committee as well as member of the Legal Affairs Committee

Michael Brecht1, 2

Dr. Paul Achleitner
Bader M. Al Saad1
Sari Baldauf1
Michael Bettag2
Dr. Clemens Börsig1

Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board, the Presidential Committee, the Audit 
Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Nomination Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Nomination Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board

Member of the Supervisory Board and Chairman of the Audit Committee and the 
Legal Affairs Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Legal Affairs Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Presidential Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board

Member of the Supervisory Board

Raymond Curry3
Michael Häberle1, 2
Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht1
Petraea Heynike1
Joe Kaeser1
Ergun Lümali1, 2
Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder1 Member of the Supervisory Board
Elke Tönjes-Werner2
Sibylle Wankel1, 2
Dr. Frank Weber1
Marie Wieck1
Dr. Sabine Zimmer2
Roman Zitzelsberger1, 2

Member of the Supervisory Board

Member of the Supervisory Board

Member of the Supervisory Board

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Legal Affairs Committee

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Legal Affairs Committee

Total in 2019

thereof remuneration 
from subsidiaries

602,542

499,129

180,500

164,833

194,733

152,800

331,436

150,600

185,443

237,353

167,239

240,339

279,532

175,559

152,800

185,443

168,339

184,343

152,800

236,253

51,638

47,925

–

13,133

13,133

–

13,133

–

15,539

20,353

15,539

14,439

50,332

22,759

–

15,539

15,539

15,539

–

19,253

Member of the Supervisory Board and the Presidential Committee

1   Including remuneration as a member of the Supervisory Board of Daimler Truck AG and/or Mercedes-Benz AG.
2   The employee representatives have stated that their board remuneration is to be transferred to the Hans-Böckler Foundation, 

in accordance with the guidelines of the German Trade Union Federation.

3   Mr. Curry has directed that he receive no remuneration whatsoever and that his corresponding board remuneration is to be 

paid to the Hans-Böckler Foundation.

132  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | TAKEOVER-RELEVANT INFORMATION AND EXPLANATION 

Takeover-Relevant Information and Explanation 

(Report pursuant to Section 315a Subsection 1 and Section 289a Subsection 1 of the German Commercial Code (HGB)) 

Composition of share capital
The share capital of Daimler AG amounted to approximately 
€3,070 million at December 31, 2019. It is divided into  
1,069,837,447 registered shares, each of which accounts for 
approximately €2.87 of equity capital. Pursuant to Section  
67 Subsection 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) 
in the version of December 31, 2019, only those persons reg-
istered as shareholders in the register of shareholders are con-
sidered to be shareholders of the Company. With the exception 
of treasury shares, from which the Company does not have any 
rights, all shares confer equal rights to their holders. Each share 
confers the right to one vote and, with the possible exception 
of any new shares that are not yet entitled to a dividend, to  
an equal share of the profits in accordance with the dividend 
payout approved by the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. The 
rights and obligations arising from the shares are derived from 
the provisions of applicable law, in particular Sections 12, 53a 
ff, 118 ff and 186 of the German Stock Corporation Act. There 
were no treasury shares at December 31, 2019.

Restrictions on voting rights and on the transfer of shares
The Company does not have any rights from treasury shares. 
In the cases described in Section 136 of the German Stock 
Corporation Act (AktG), the voting rights of treasury shares are 
nullified by law.

Shares acquired by employees within the context of the employee 
share program may not be disposed of until the end of the fol-
lowing year. Eligible participants in the Performance Phantom 
Share Plans (PPSPs) of Executive Level 1 and eligible members 
of the Board of Management are obliged by the Plans’ terms and 
conditions and by the Stock Ownership Guidelines to acquire 
Daimler shares with a part of their Plan income or out of their 
own funds up to a defined target volume and to hold them for 
the duration of their employment at the Daimler Group. For the 
other persons eligible for PPSPs, this obligation no longer 
applies since payment of PPSP 2013 in February/March 2017.

Provisions of applicable law and of the Articles of Incorpo-
ration concerning the appointment and dismissal of 
members of the Board of Management and amendments 
to the Articles of Incorporation
Members of the Board of Management are appointed and dis-
missed on the basis of Sections 84 and 85 of the German 
Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and Section 31 of the German 
Codetermination Act (MitbestG). In accordance with Section  
84 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the members of the 
Board of Management are appointed by the Supervisory Board 
for a maximum period of office of five years. However, the rules 

of procedure of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG stipulate 
that the initial appointment of members of the Board of Manage-
ment should generally be limited to three years. Reappoint-
ment or the extension of a period of office is permissible, in 
each case for a maximum of five years.

Pursuant to Section 31 Subsection 2 of the German Codetermi-
nation Act (MitbestG), the Supervisory Board appoints the 
members of the Board of Management with a majority compris-
ing at least two thirds of its members’ votes. If no such majority  
is obtained, the Mediation Committee of the Supervisory Board 
has to make a suggestion for the appointment within one 
month of the vote by the Supervisory Board in which the 
required majority was not reached. The Supervisory Board then 
appoints the members of the Board of Management with a 
majority of its members’ votes. If no such majority is obtained, 
voting is repeated and the Chairperson of the Supervisory 
Board then has two votes. The same procedure applies for dis-
missals of members of the Board of Management.

In accordance with Article 5 of the Articles of Incorporation, the 
Board of Management has at least two members. The number  
of members is decided by the Supervisory Board. Pursuant to 
Section 84 Subsection 2 of the German Stock Corporation  
Act (AktG), the Supervisory Board can appoint a member of the 
Board of Management as its Chairperson. If a required mem-
ber of the Board of Management is lacking, an affected party can 
apply in urgent cases for that member to be appointed by the 
court pursuant to Section 85 Subsection 1 of the German Stock 
Corporation Act (AktG). Pursuant to Section 84 Subsection  
3 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the Supervisory 
Board can revoke the appointment of a member of the Board  
of Management and of the Chairperson of the Board of Manage-
ment if there is an important reason to do so. Pursuant to  
Section 179 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the 
Articles of Incorporation can only be amended by a resolution  
of an Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. Unless otherwise required 
by applicable law, resolutions of the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting – with the exception of elections – are passed pursuant 
to Section 133 of the German Stock Corpo ration Act (AktG) 
and Article 16 Subsection 1 of the Articles of Incorporation with 
a simple majority of the votes cast and if required with a  
simple majority of the share capital represented. Pursuant to 
Section 179 Subsection 2 of the German Stock Corporation  
Act (AktG), any amendment to the purpose of the Company 
requires a 75% majority of the share capital represented at  
the Shareholders’ Meeting; no use is made in the Articles of 
Incorporation of the possibility to stipulate a larger majority  
of the share capital.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | TAKEOVER-RELEVANT INFORMATION AND EXPLANATION  133

In accordance with Article 7 Subsection 2 of the Articles of 
Incorporation, amendments to the Articles of Incorporation  
that only affect the wording can be decided upon by the Super-
visory Board. Pursuant to Section 181 Subsection 3 of the  
German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), amendments to the Arti-
cles of Incorporation take effect upon being entered in the 
Commercial Register.

Authorization of the Board of Management to issue or buy 
back shares
By resolution of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting of April 1, 
2015, the Company was authorized to acquire its own shares 
during the period until March 31, 2020 for all legal purposes in 
a volume of up to 10% of the share capital at the time of the 
resolution of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. The shares can 
be used, under the exclusion of shareholders’ subscription 
rights, for, among other things, corporate mergers and acquisi-
tions or can be sold for cash to third parties at a price that is  
not significantly below the market price at the time of the sale. 
The shares can also be used to service debt on con vertible 
bonds and/or bonds with warrants, or can be issued to employ-
ees of the Company and employees and members of executive 
bodies of affiliated companies pursuant to Section 15 ff of the 
German Stock Corporation Act (AktG). The Company’s own 
shares can also be canceled.

In addition, the Board of Management is authorized under other 
defined circumstances and with the consent of the Supervisory 
Board to exclude shareholders’ subscription rights for shares 
they acquire. The Company’s own shares in a volume of up to  
5% of the share capital existing at the time of the resolution of 
the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting can also be acquired with  
the application of derivative financial instruments (put or call 
options, forwards or a combination of these financial instru-
ments), whereby the terms of the derivatives may not exceed  
18 months and must be terminated on March 31, 2020, at  
the latest.

No use was made of this authorization to acquire the Compa-
ny’s own shares during the reporting period.

By resolution of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting of April 5 
2018, the Board of Management was authorized with the consent 
of the Supervisory Board to increase the share capital of 
Daimler AG in the period until April 4, 2023, wholly or in partial 
amounts, on one or several occasions, by up to €1 billion by 
issuing new registered shares of no par value in exchange for 
cash or non-cash contributions, and with the consent of the 
Supervisory Board under certain conditions and within defined 
limits to exclude shareholders’ subscription rights (Approved 
Capital 2018). Subscription rights can, under these defined 
conditions, be excluded in the event of a capital increase 
through non-cash contributions for the purpose of an acqui-
sition, and in the case of a capital increase through cash  
contributions, if the issue price of new shares is not significantly 
below the market price at the time of issue.

No use has yet been made of Approved Capital 2018.

of ten years, and to grant the owners/lenders of those bonds 
conversion or option rights to new, registered shares of no  
par value in Daimler AG with a corresponding amount of the 
share capital of up to €500 million, in accordance with the 
terms and conditions of those convertible bonds or bonds with 
warrants. The bonds may be issued in exchange for consider-
ation in cash, but also for consideration in kind, in particular 
for interests in other companies. The respective terms and  
conditions may also provide for mandatory conversion or an 
obligation to exercise the option rights. The bonds can be 
issued once or several times, wholly or in installments, or simul-
taneously in various tranches. They can also be issued by  
companies affiliated with Daimler AG pursuant to Section 15 ff 
of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).

Inter alia, the Board of Management was also authorized under 
certain circumstances, within certain limits and with the con-
sent of the Supervisory Board, to exclude shareholders’ sub-
scription rights to the bonds. Subscription rights can, under 
these defined conditions, be excluded when bonds are issued 
in exchange for non-cash contributions, particularly within  
the framework of a merger or acquisition, and when bonds are 
issued in exchange for cash contributions, if the issue price  
is not significantly below the theoretical market price of the 
bonds at the time of the issue.

In order to service the debt of the convertible bonds and/or 
bonds with warrants issued as a result of the authorization, the 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting of April 1, 2015 also approved  
a conditional increase in the share capital of up to €500 million 
(Conditional Capital 2015).

No use has yet been made of this authorization to issue con-
vertible bonds and/or bonds with warrants.

Material agreements taking effect in the event of a 
change of control
Daimler AG has concluded various material agreements, as 
listed below, that include clauses regulating the possible event 
of a change of control, as can occur as a result of a takeover 
bid:

–  A non-utilized syndicated credit line for a total amount of €11 

billion, which the lenders are entitled to terminate if (i) 
Daimler AG becomes a subsidiary of another company, or (ii) 
Daimler AG becomes controlled either individually or jointly  
by one or more persons acting together. For the purposes of 
the syndicated credit line, subsidiary in relation to a com-
pany means another company (i) that is controlled directly or 
indirectly by the first-mentioned company, (ii) of which  
more than 50% of the subscribed capital (or other equity) is 
held directly or indirectly by the first-mentioned company,  
or (iii) which is a subsidiary of another subsidiary of the first-
mentioned company. Control for the purposes of the syndi-
cated credit line means (i) the right to determine the affairs 
of a company, (ii) the right to control the composition of  
the managing board or similar bodies, or (iii) the right to con-
trol the composition of the supervisory board (if elected  
by the shareholders).

By resolution of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 1, 
2015, the Board of Management, with the consent of the Super-
visory Board, is authorized to issue during the period until March 
31, 2020 convertible bonds and/or bonds with warrants or a 
combination of those instruments (commercial paper) in a total 
nominal amount of up to €10 billion with a maximum term  

–  Credit agreements of Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck AG 
with lenders for an amount totaling €1.2 billion, for the repay-
ment of which Daimler AG is jointly and severally liable, which 
provide for a right of termination for the lenders in the event 
that natural or legal persons or a group of at least two persons 
acting jointly acquire control of Daimler AG. For the pur-

134  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | TAKEOVER-RELEVANT INFORMATION AND EXPLANATION 

poses of the credit agreements, a group acting jointly exists 
when a group acts jointly on the basis of formal or informal 
agreements or other arrangements. Control for the purposes 
of the credit agreements means (i) holding or controlling 
more than 50% of the voting rights in Daimler AG, (ii) the right 
to determine or appoint the majority of the members of  
a decision-making body of Daimler AG (e.g. the management, 
board of management, advisory board, supervisory board), 
(iii) the right to receive more than 50% of the distributable divi-
dends of Daimler AG, or (iv) exercise of an otherwise com-
parable controlling influence on Daimler AG. Control can be 
exercised directly or indirectly through share ownership,  
contractual arrangement, fiduciary status, economic circum-
stances or otherwise, and through either a single person  
or a group acting together.

–  A master cooperation agreement on wide-ranging strategic 

cooperation with Renault S.A., Renault-Nissan B.V. and  
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. as well as with Mitsubishi Motors Cor-
poration. In the case of a change of control of one of the  
parties to the agreement, each of the other parties has the 
right to terminate the agreement. A change of control as 
defined by the master cooperation agreement occurs if a 
third party or several third parties acting jointly acquire, 
legally or economically, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of 
the voting rights in the company in question or are autho-
rized to appoint a majority of the members of its managing 
board. Under the master cooperation agreement, several 
cooperation agreements were concluded between Daimler AG 
on the one side and Renault and/or Nissan on the other, 
which provide for the right of termination for a party to the 
agreement in the case of a change of control of another 
party. These agreements primarily concern a new architecture 
for small cars, the shared use and development of fuel-effi-
cient diesel and gasoline engines and transmissions, the deve-
lopment and supply of a small urban delivery van, the deve-
lopment, production and supply of pickups, the use of an 
existing architecture for compact cars, and the joint pro-
duction of Infiniti/Nissan and Mercedes-Benz compact vehi-
cles by a 50-50 joint venture in Mexico. A change of control  
is deemed to occur at a threshold of 50% of the voting rights 
of the company in question or upon authorization to appoint  
a majority of the members of its managing board. In the case 
of termination of cooperation in the area of the development 
of small cars due to a change of control in the early phase of 
the cooperation, the party affected by the change of control 
would be obliged to bear its share of the costs of the develop-
ment of shared components even if the development were  
terminated for that party; the aforementioned cooperation 
agreements (with the exception of the Master Cooperation 
Agreement) have been transferred from Daimler AG to 
Mercedes-Benz AG.

–  An agreement with BAIC Motor Co., Ltd. related to a jointly 

held company for the production and distribution of cars of 
the Mercedes-Benz brand in China, by which BAIC Motor Co., 
Ltd. is given the right to terminate the agreement or exercise 
a put or call option in the case that a third party acquires  
one third or more of the voting rights in Daimler AG.

–  An agreement related to the establishment of a joint venture 
with Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd. for the purpose of produc-
ing and distributing heavy-duty and medium-duty trucks of 
the Auman brand. This agreement gives Beiqi Foton Motor 
Co., Ltd. the right of termination in the case that one of its 
competitors acquires more than 25% of the equity or assets  

of Daimler AG or becomes able to influence the decisions of 
its Board of Management. This agreement has been trans-
ferred from Daimler AG to Daimler Truck AG in the context of 
the separation of the Trucks & Buses division.

–  An agreement between Daimler AG, BMW AG and Audi AG 
related to the acquisition of the companies of the HERE 
Group and the associated establishment of There Holding 
B.V. In the event of a change of control of one of the parties  
to the agreement, the agreement obligates the party in  
question to offer its shares in There Holding B.V. to the other 
parties to the agreement (shareholders). A change of control 
of Daimler AG occurs if one person gains control over 
Daimler AG, whereby control is defined as (i) having control 
of more than 50% of the voting rights, (ii) being able to  
control more than 50% of the voting rights eligible to vote at 
the shareholders’ meetings on all or nearly all matters, or  
(iii) the right to determine the majority of the members of the 
Board of Management or of the Supervisory Board. A change 
of control also occurs if competitors of the HERE Group or 
certain possible com petitors of the HERE Group in the  
technology industry acquire a shareholding of at least 25% of 
Daimler AG. If none of the other parties acquire these 
shares, the agreement gives them the right to dissolve There 
Holding B.V.

–  An agreement between Daimler AG and BMW AG, which con-

tains basic provisions for six joint ventures between 
Daimler Mobility Services GmbH and group companies of 
BMW AG in the field of mobility services (car sharing, ride  
hailing, parking, charging, multimodal and a joint venture 
holding the common brand). A change of control is defined  
as the acquisition by a third party of more than 50% of the 
voting rights or shares, or the conclusion of a control  
agreement over Daimler AG by a third party. As a result of a 
change of control, the other party may initiate a shoot-out  
process, which is more precisely defined in the agreement.

–  An agreement between Daimler AG and BMW AG on the 

development of technologies for automated driving (Highway-
Pilot) of the second generation (as of 2024). In the event of  
a change of control, either party can terminate this contract 
in written form at any time without further notice and with 
immediate effect. Change of control is defined as the indirect 
or direct acquisition by a third party of at least 30% of the 
voting rights in one of the parties. This agreement has been 
transferred by Daimler AG to Mercedes-Benz AG in the con-
text of the separation of the Cars & Vans division.

–  An agreement between Daimler AG and Zhejiang Geely Hold-
ing Group Co., Ltd. for the development, production, sales 
and aftersales of smart-brand cars of the next generation. In 
the event of a change of control, the party for which no 
change of control has occurred can terminate this agreement 
after a maximum of three months of fruitless negotiations  
in written form and with immediate effect. Furthermore, the 
party for which no change of control has occurred has the 
possibility to exercise a call option or a put option vis-à-vis 
the other party. Change of control is defined as the indirect  
or direct acquisition by a third party of (i) more than 50% of 
the voting rights in one of the parties, (ii) the right to appoint  
a majority of the directors of a board or similar body of one of 
the parties, or (iii) the right, either contractual or otherwise,  
to manage one of the parties. This agreement has been trans-
ferred by Daimler AG to Mercedes-Benz AG in the context  
of the separation of the Cars & Vans division.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  135

Risk and Opportunity Report

The Daimler Group is exposed to a large number of risks that 
are directly linked with the business activities of Daimler AG  
and its subsidiaries or which result from external influences. A 
risk is understood as the danger that events, developments  
or actions will prevent the Group or one of its segments from 
achieving its targets. This includes financial and non-financial 
risks. At the same time, it is important to identify opportunities 
in order to safeguard and enhance the competitiveness of the 
Daimler Group. An opportunity is understood as the possibility 
due to events, developments or actions to safeguard or to  
surpass the planned targets of the Group or of a segment.

In order to identify business risks and opportunities at an early 
stage and to assess and manage them consequently, effec-
tive management and control systems, which are clustered into 
a risk and opportunity management system, are applied. Risks 
and opportunities are not offset.

B.70
Assessment of probability of occurrence/possible impact

Level

Low

Medium

High

Probability of occurrence

0% < Probability of occurrence

33% < Probability of occurrence

66% < Probability of occurrence

≤ 33%

≤ 66%

< 100%

Level

Low

Possible impact

€0 <

Medium

€500 million ≤

High

Impact

Impact

Impact

< €500 million

< €1 billion

≥ €1 billion

Risk and opportunity management system

The risk management system is intended to systematically 
and continually identify, assess, control, monitor and report 
risks threatening Daimler’s existence and other material risks, 
in order to support the achievement of corporate targets and  
to enhance risk awareness at the Group. The risk management 
system is integrated into the value-based management and 
planning system of the Daimler Group and is an integral part of 
the overall planning, management and reporting process in  
the companies, segments and corporate functions.

The opportunity management system at the Daimler Group 
is based on the risk management system. The objective of 
opportunity management is to recognize the possible opportu-
nities arising in business activities as a result of positive 
developments at an early stage, and to use them in the best 
possible way for the Group by taking appropriate measures.  
By taking advantage of opportunities, planned targets should 
be met or exceeded. Opportunity management considers  
relevant and realizable opportunities that have not yet been 
included in any planning.

In the context of the operational planning, risks and opportuni-
ties are identified and assessed with the use of appropriate 
categories for a two-year planning period. Furthermore, the 
discussions for the derivation of mid-term and strategic tar-
gets in the context of strategic planning also include the consid-
eration of risks and opportunities relating to a longer period. 
Group Risk Management regularly reports on the identified risks 
and opportunities to the Board of Management and the Super-
visory Board. Besides the reporting at specific times, risk and 
opportunity management is established as a continuous task 
within the Group. In addition to reporting at specific intervals, 
risk and opportunity management in established at the Group  
as a continuous process. There is an internal reporting obligation 
within the Group for material risks arising unexpectedly.

The reporting of risks and opportunities in the Management 
Report generally relates to a period of one year. Risk assessment 
takes place on the basis of probability of occurrence and  
possible impact according to the levels “Low,” “Medium” and 
“High.” These levels also apply to the possible impact of  
opportunities. An analysis of the probability of occurrence is 
not considered here. When assessing the impact of a risk  
or opportunity, its effect on EBIT is generally considered.

136  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

At Group level, risks and opportunities below €500 million are 
classified as “Low”, between €500 million and €1 billion as 
“Medium” and above €1 billion as “High”. For the quantification 
of each risk and opportunity category in the Management 
Report, the individual risks and opportunities are summarized 
for each category. The assessment of the dimensions, proba-
bility of occurrence and possible impact, is based on the levels 
shown in table  B.70 and is conducted before measures are 
planned. In addition to the quantifiable risks and opportunities, 
risk management also considers qualitative risks and oppor-
tunities. Qualitative risks include issues that can have a negative 
impact on the public’s perception and thus on the reputation  
of the Daimler Group. They primarily comprise those risks con-
nected with aspects presented in the Non-Financial Report. 
Risks in connection with compliance violations are also consid-
ered in the context of risk management. In the context of 
describing the risk and opportunity categories, significant 
changes in comparison to the prior year are explained.

Risk management is based on the principle of completeness. 
This means that at the level of the individual entities, all  
identified risks enter the risk management process. The inter-
nal control system (ICS) is responsible for the monitoring of 
general uncertainties without any clear indication of a possible 
effect on earnings.

The scope of consolidation for risk and opportunity management 
corresponds to the scope of the consolidated financial state-
ments and goes beyond that if necessary. The risks and oppor-
tunities of the segments and operating units, important  
asso ciated companies, joint ventures, joint operations and the 
corporate departments are included.

Furthermore, the employees responsible for risk management 
include have the task of defining measures and if necessary,  
initiating such measures to avoid, reduce or protect the Group 
against risks. Within the context of opportunity management, 
measures are to be taken with which opportunities can be 
seized, improved and (fully or partially) realized. The cost-effec-
tiveness of a measure is assessed before its implementation. 
The feasible impact and probability of occurrence of all risks 
and opportunities of the individual entities and the related  
measures that have been initiated are continually monitored. 
The management activities take place at the level of the  
segments based on individual risks and opportunities. As the 
parent company of the Daimler Group, Daimler AG monitors 
implementation by the segments as part of its duty to manage 
the Group.

The internal control system with regard to the accounting 
process has the objective of ensuring the correctness and 
effectiveness of accounting and financial reporting. It is designed 
in line with the internationally recognized framework for inter-
nal control systems of the Committee of Sponsoring Organiza-
tions of the Treadway Commission (COSO Internal Control – 
Integrated Framework), is continually developed further, and  
is an integral part of the accounting and financial reporting  
processes in the relevant companies, organizational entities 
and corporate functions. The system includes principles  
and procedures as well as preventive and detective controls. 
Among other things, it is regularly checked, if

–   the Group’s uniform financial reporting, valuation and 

accounting guidelines are continually updated and regularly 
taught and adhered to;

–   transactions within the Group are accounted for and prop-

erly eliminated;

–   issues relevant for financial reporting and disclosure from 
agreements entered into are recognized and appropriately 
presented;

–   processes are established to guarantee the completeness of 

financial reporting;

–   processes are established for the segregation of duties and 
for the “four-eyes principle” in the context of preparing 
financial statements, and authorization and access rules 
exist for relevant IT accounting systems.

The effectiveness of the internal control system is systematically 
assessed with regard to the corporate accounting process.  
The first step consists of risk analysis and a definition of control 
with the objective of identifying significant risks relating to  
the processes of corporate accounting and financial reporting 
in the main companies, organizational entities and corporate 
functions. The controls required are then defined and docu-
mented in accordance with Group-wide guidelines. Random 
samples are regularly tested to assess the effectiveness of the 
controls. Those tests constitute the basis for self-assessment  
of the appropriate magnitude and effectiveness of the controls. 
The results of this self-assessment are documented and 
reported in a Group-wide IT system; identified control weak-
nesses are eliminated. At the end of the annual cycle, the 
selected companies, organizational entities and corporate 
functions confirm the effectiveness of the internal control  
system with regard to the corporate accounting process. The 
Board of Management and the Audit Committee of the Super-
visory Board are regularly informed about the main control weak-
nesses and the effectiveness of the control mechanisms 
installed. However, the internal control and risk management 
system for the accounting process cannot ensure with absolute 
certainty that materially false statements in accounting are 
avoided.

The organizational embedding and monitoring of risk and 
opportunity management takes place through the risk man-
agement organization established at the Group. In this context, 
the companies, organizational entities and corporate functions 
report on concrete risks and opportunities to the next-higher 
entity at regular intervals. Through the segments, this informa-
tion is passed on to Group Risk Management, which processes  
it and provides it to the Board of Management and the Super-
visory Board as well as to the Group Risk Management Commit-
tee (GRMC). The GRMC is responsible for the continual improve-
ment of the risk management system and for assessing its 
efficiency and effectiveness. It is composed of representa-
tives of Accounting & Financial Reporting, the Legal Depart-
ment, Compliance and Technical Compliance, and the mem-
bers responsible for finance of the Boards of Management  
of Mercedes-Benz AG, Daimler Truck AG and Daimler Mobility 
AG; it is chaired by the Board of Management members of 
Daimler AG responsible Finance & Controlling/Daimler Mobil-
ity and for Integrity and Legal Affairs. The Internal Auditing 
department contributes material findings on the internal con-
trol and risk management system.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  137

Responsibility for operational risk management and for the  
risk management processes lies with the segments, corporate 
functions, organizational entities and companies.

Reports regarding the current risk situation and the effective-
ness, functionality and appropriateness of the internal control 
and risk management system are regularly presented to the 
Board of Management and to the Audit Committee of the Super-
visory Board of Daimler AG, as well as to the Boards of Man-
agement of Mercedes-Benz AG, Daimler Truck AG and Daimler 
Mobility AG. Furthermore, the risks and opportunities of busi-
ness operations are regularly discussed by the responsible per-
sons in the Board of Management of the relevant company.

The Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG 
and the committees of the Supervisory Boards of Mercedes-
Benz AG, Daimler Truck AG and Daimler Mobility AG are respon-
sible for monitoring the internal control and risk man-
agement system. The internal auditing department monitors 
whether the statutory conditions and the Group’s internal 
guidelines concerning the internal control and risk management 
system of the Group are adhered to. If required, measures  
are initiated in cooperation with the respective management. 
External auditors audit the system for the early identification  
of risks which is integrated in the risk management system for 
its general suitability to identify risks threatening the existence 
of the Group; in addition, they report to the Supervisory Board 
on any significant weaknesses that have been recognized in 
the internal control and risk management system.

Risks and opportunities

The following section describes risks and opportunities that 
can have a significant influence on the profitability, cash flows 
and financial position of the Daimler Group. In general, the 
reporting of risks and opportunities takes place in relation to the 
individual segments. If no segment is explicitly mentioned, the 
risks and opportunities described relate to all the segments. 
Reporting on the risks and opportunities takes place in line 
with the new corporate structure. As of January 1, 2020, the busi-
ness operations of the Group are managed in the segments 
Mercedes-Benz Cars, Mercedes-Benz Vans, Daimler Trucks & 
Buses and Daimler Mobility. These segments reflect the future 
internal reporting and organizational structure. The Mercedes-
Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans segments are aggregated  
in the Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans reportable segment in line 
with the type of products and services offered, their brands, 
sales channels and customer profiles.

In addition to the risks and opportunities described below, risks 
and opportunities that are not yet known or classified as not 
material can influence profitability, cash flows and financial 
position.

Industry and business risks and opportunities

The following section describes the industry and business  
risks and opportunities of the Daimler Group. A quantification 
of these risks and opportunities is shown in table  B.71.

Economic risks and opportunities
Economic risks and opportunities constitute the framework for 
the risks and opportunities listed in the following categories 
and are integrated as premises into the quantification of these 
risks and opportunities. Overall economic conditions have a 
significant influence on vehicle sales markets and thus on the 
Group’s success.

Like the majority of economic research institutes, Daimler 
expects the growth of the world economy to continue in 2020 
at about the rate of the previous year. At the beginning of 
2020, the relationship of risks and opportunities also seems 
similar to that in 2019. Economic developments in 2019 are 
described in detail in the “Economic Conditions and Business 
Development” section of this Management Report; growth 
assumptions and forecasts for general developments in 2020 
are explained in the “Outlook” section on E pages 65 ff 
and 150 ff.

Although the renewed escalation of the trade conflict between 
the United States and China has become less likely with the 
conclusion of the “Phase One” partial trade deal, it continues to 
be a significant risk for the further development of the world 
economy. Furthermore, the threat by the United States to impose 
additional tariffs on imported vehicles and parts, including 
from the European Union, still exists. These two factors could 
significantly affect the development of unit sales and earnings, 
especially at Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans. In addition, there is 
a danger that countries will implement increasingly protec-
tionist measures such as specific market-access barriers or 
industry-political concepts. This would have significant 
impacts on the global value chains at Mercedes-Benz Cars  
& Vans and Daimler Trucks and Buses, leading to higher  
costs and adversely affecting business developments and 
sales possibilities. On the other hand, unforeseen trade  
facilitations could provide positive impulses and lead to more 
trade and higher growth. In that case, the Daimler Group  
could also benefit.

Even without a further escalation of the various trade conflicts, 
the ongoing uncertainty could ensure that the global investment 
cycle weakens even more than previously assumed. A further 
slowdown in investment activity – particularly in North Amer-
ica and Europe – would adversely affect the unit sales of 
heavy-duty commercial vehicles in particular and would there-
fore have a particularly negative impact on the unit sales and 
profitability of Daimler Trucks & Buses.

If the recession, which has so far been limited to the industrial 
sector, spreads more to the service sector and spreads even 
more than before to the United States, in addition to the euro 
zone and China, this would have noticeable effects on employ-
ment and wages in those regions. This would have a significant 
impact on consumer confidence and consumption, one of the 
most important drivers of the current economic expansion. The 
resulting lower growth or even decline in overall economic 
consumption would have a correspondingly negative impact on 
the sales prospects of Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans in parti-
cular. Opportunities would arise, however, if the cyclical down-
turn in the industry ended earlier than expected.

138  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

The European market will continue to be of great importance 
for all segments of the Daimler Group in the future, so changes 
in investment and consumer behavior will affect the develop-
ment of unit sales in all segments. The risk of a disorderly with-
drawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union 
due to the Brexit of January 31, 2020 and the related exit agree-
ment no longer exists. However, uncertainty is now likely to 
shift to the negotiations on a future agreement between the UK 
and the EU, which according to the transitional agreement 
would have to be concluded by the end of 2020 in order to pre-
vent customs duties as of January 2021. These negotiations  
are likely to be very difficult and connected with a high degree 
of political uncertainty. In extreme cases, renewed distortions  
in the European financial markets and corresponding decreases 
in economic growth are to be expected. This would signifi-
cantly impact growth above all in the United Kingdom, with an 
adverse effect on the development of the Group’s unit sales 
across all segments. In the euro zone, the risk of political con-
flicts also remains increased. Phases of political uncertainty 
could have a negative impact on consumption and investment 
decisions by households and companies. On the other hand,  
if there is concerted fiscal stimulus in the euro zone or if the 
ECB’s expansionary measures have a greater impact than  
currently assumed, this could lead to a stronger recovery in 
growth, with positive effects on companies and households.

In the United States, political uncertainty in the run-up to the 
presidential elections and ongoing trade tensions could lead to 
a more pronounced reduction in corporate investment than 
previously assumed. This would have a particularly negative 
effect on the unit sales of the Daimler Trucks & Buses seg-
ment. If, as already mentioned, the overall economic growth 
slowdown were to be more pronounced than previously 
expected, consumption by private households would also suf-
fer significantly due to negative employment and income 
effects. This in turn could have a negative impact on the unit 
sales of Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans. On the opportunities 
side, economic and fiscal policy in the run-up to the presidential 
election could turn out to be more expansive than previously 
assumed. In addition, the US central bank could further reduce 
key interest rates, contrary to current expectations. If invest-
ment activity should subsequently become significantly more 
dynamic, resulting in stronger growth combined with positive 
employment and income effects, demand could benefit in all 
automotive segments. As Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans, 
Daimler Trucks & Buses and Daimler Mobility generate substan-
tial proportions of their revenues in the United States, these 
developments would have considerable consequences for the 
Group’s success. Furthermore, stronger economic growth in 
the United States would also have spillover effects on the rest 
of the world.

B.71
Industry and business risks and opportunities

In general, public and private debt remains high in many econ-
omies. In the event of a more pronounced economic downturn, 
this could limit the scope for governments to take fiscal coun-
termeasures or lead to increased defaults by companies and 
households. This would lead to increased instability in the finan-
cial markets and also adversely affect overall economic demand, 
with negative effects on the unit sales of the Daimler Group’s 
segments.

From an economic perspective, the high indebtedness of Chi-
nese companies, especially state-owned enterprises, also 
represents a considerable risk. If the government’s efforts to 
restrict credit growth in combination with the negative impact  
of US tariffs on imports from China lead to a more significant 
growth slowdown than currently expected, this could result in 
an excessive increase in credit defaults, which would then lead 
to turbulences in the banking sector and the financial markets. 
In particular at the Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans segment, for 
which China is now one of the biggest sales markets, the afore-
mentioned risks could result in significant negative effects on 
unit sales. On the other hand, growth in 2020 triggered by 
further stimulus measures by the Chinese government could turn 
out to be stronger than expected. The resulting stronger growth 
in overall economic consumption would offer additional oppor-
tunities, especially for Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans.

The outbreak of the coronavirus may result in macroeco-
nomic risks that could lead to significant reductions in eco-
nomic growth in China, other Asian economies and also 
worldwide. Risks for the Daimler Group may not only affect 
the development of unit sales, but may also lead to significant 
adverse effects on production, the procurement market and 
the supply chain.

Another risk is that the pressure on the emerging markets 
could intensify further if underlying sentiment in the financial 
markets deteriorates significantly. In such a case, even more 
capital would flow out of the emerging markets. Growth in the 
emerging markets would then be significantly weaker and  
put pressure on global growth. Furthermore, changes in central-
bank policy in the developed and emerging markets to support 
economic development (such as currency devaluation) entail a 
high risk. Although the risk of a debt crisis in the emerging 
markets – triggered by US interest-rate rises and the resulting 
higher interest burden due to the predominance of US dollar 
debt – has recently been reduced by the US Federal Reserve’s 
shift to a looser monetary policy, it has not been fully resolved. 
Possible crises in individual countries would have a noticeable 
impact on sales prospects in those markets and possible also 
on conditions for the Group’s local operations.

Risk category

General market risks

Risks relating to the legal 
and political framework

Procurement market risks

Probability of occurrence

Impact

Opportunity category

Low

Medium

Medium

High

High

High

General market opportunities

Opportunities relating to the legal 
and political framework

Procurement market opportunities

Impact

Medium

Medium

Medium

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  139

Although oil prices fell significantly last year, if political crises – 
especially in the Middle East – and ensuing temporary supply 
bottlenecks lead to a significant rise in oil prices that OPEC 
countries are unable to offset in the short term, inflation 
could rise significantly and adversely affect global growth. More-
over, an escalation of geopolitical conflicts in other regions  
of the world could also significantly slow down global economic 
growth.

General market risks and opportunities
The risks and opportunities for the economic development of 
automotive markets are strongly affected by the cyclical situa-
tion of the global economy as described above. The assessment 
of market risks and opportunities is linked to assumptions 
and forecasts about the overall development of markets in the 
regions in which the Daimler Group is active. The possibility  
of markets developing better or worse than assumed in the plan-
ning, or of changing market conditions, generally exists for all 
segments of the Daimler Group.

Potential effects of the risks on the development of unit 
sales are included in risk scenarios. Increasing customer 
demand for model series with lower profit margins can have  
a negative impact on the earnings of the segments concerned. 
Causes of declining vehicle sales may result in particular from 
the partially unstable economic environment and in the context 
of political or economic uncertainties. A rising oil price and  
volatile exchange rates can also lead to market uncertainty and 
thus to falling demand. Differences between the segments 
exist due to the partly varying regional focus of their activities. 
The development of markets, unit sales and inventories is 
continually analyzed and monitored by the segments; if neces-
sary, specific marketing and sales programs are implemented.

Volatilities with regard to market developments can also lead to 
the overall market or regional conditions for the automotive 
industry developing better than assumed in the internal fore-
casts and premises, and business opportunities in the market. 
Opportunities may also arise from an improvement in the com-
petitive situation or a positive development of demand for  
the segments, utilization of which is supported by sales and 
marketing campaigns.

Due to the partly difficult financial situation of some dealerships 
and vehicle importers, support actions might become nec-
essary to ensure the performance of the business partners. The 
financial situation of strategically relevant dealerships and 
vehicle importers is continuously monitored; if necessary, alter-
native sales channels are created. Further risks result from  
the dependency on certain dealerships, so in certain circum-
stances, relationships with new business partners may have  
to be developed. The loss of important dealerships and vehicle 
importers can lead to customer demand not being fully served 
and lower unit sales. Risks of this kind exist for dealerships and 
vehicle importers of Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans and Daimler 
Trucks & Buses.

The launch of new products by competitors, more aggressive 
pricing policies and poorer price enforcement in the aftersales 
business can lead to increasing competitive and price pres-
sure in the automotive segments. Continuous monitoring of 
competitors is carried out in order to recognize these risks  
at an early stage. Depending on the situation, product-specific 
and possibly regionally different measures are taken to sup-
port weaker markets. Daimler also applies various programs to 
boost sales, which include financial incentives for customers.

In connection with the sale of vehicles, Daimler offers its cus-
tomers a wide range of financing and leasing options. The 
resulting risks for the Daimler Mobility segment are mainly due 
to borrowers’ worsening creditworthiness, so receivables 
might not be recoverable in whole or in part because of cus-
tomers’ insolvency (default or credit risk). Daimler counter-
acts credit risks by means of creditworthiness checks on the 
basis of standardized scoring and rating methods, the collat-
eralization of receivables, as well as an effective risk manage-
ment with a firm focus on monitoring both internal and macro-
economic leading indicators.

In connection with leasing agreements, risks and opportunities 
arise if the market value of a leased vehicle at the end of the 
agreement term differs from the residual value originally calcu-
lated and forecasted at the time the agreement was con-
cluded and used as a basis for the leasing installments. A resid-
ual-value risk arises if the expected market value of a vehicle  
at the end of the contract term is lower than the residual value 
calculated and forecasted when the contract was concluded. 
Particularly at Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans and Daimler Mobility, 
risks therefore result from the development of the used car 
markets and thus from the residual values of the vehicles pro-
duced. Above all, the existing uncertainties in connection 
with diesel vehicles can have a negative impact on residual val-
ues. As part of the established residual-value management 
process, certain assumptions are made at local and corporate 
levels regarding the expected level of prices, based upon 
which the cars to be returned in the leasing business are evalu-
ated. If changing market developments lead to a negative 
deviation from assumptions, there is a risk of lower residual 
values of used cars. This can adversely affect the proceeds 
from the sale of used cars. Appropriate measures are defined 
to counteract these risks. Depending on the region and the 
current market situation, the measures taken generally include 
continuous market monitoring as well as, if required, price- 
setting strategies or sales promotion measures designed to 
regulate vehicle inventories. The quality of market forecasts  
is verified by periodic comparisons of internal and external 
sources, and, if required, the determination of residual  
values is adjusted and further developed with regard to methods, 
processes and systems. On the other hand, opportunities can 
arise from a positive development of residual values caused by 
a favorable market environment for used vehicles as well as 
lower price reductions granted on new vehicles.

140  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

In addition, a residual-value risk from non-Daimler vehicles 
exists for the Daimler Mobility companies that operate com-
mercial fleet management and leasing management, because 
most of those vehicles are not covered by manufacturers’ 
residual-value guarantees. The negative development of sale 
prices for used cars on stock can adversely affect earnings. 
Residual-value risk is taken into account through a high level of 
diversification with regard to brands, regions, customers and 
lease periods. Used vehicle prices are continually monitored 
both locally and centrally, so that the residual-value risk from  
a drop in market prices can be forecasted in good time and suit-
able countermeasures may be initiated.

Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans faces risks with respect to regu-
lations on mandatory targets for the average fleet fuel con-
sumption and CO2 emissions of new vehicles. Especially in the 
markets of China, Europe and the United States Daimler gives 
these targets due consideration in its product planning. The 
increasingly ambitious targets require significant proportions  
of actual unit sales of plug-in hybrids or cars with other types 
of electric drive. The ambitious statutory requirements will  
be difficult to fulfill in some countries. The market success of 
these drive systems is greatly influenced not only by customer 
acceptance but also by regional market conditions, like for exam-
ple the battery-charging infrastructure and state support.

Across all segments, the assessment of general market risks is 
unchanged compared to the previous year. However, due to 
increasing political and economic uncertainty, the impact of mar-
ket opportunities has increased from “Low” to “Medium”  
due to a potential increase in demand in the automotive seg-
ments. The risks and opportunities shown in the previous  
year under “Risks and opportunities relating to the leasing and 
sales-financing business” have been integrated into the sec-
tion “General market risks and opportunities” for the current 
financial year.

Risks and opportunities related to the legal and political 
framework
The automotive industry is subject to extensive governmental 
regulation worldwide. Risks and opportunities from the legal 
and political framework have a considerable impact on Daimler’s 
future business success. Regulations concerning vehicles’ 
emissions, fuel consumption, safety and certification, as well 
as tariff aspects, play a particularly important role. Complying 
with these varied and often diverging regulations all over the 
world requires strenuous efforts on the part of the automotive 
industry. In the future, Daimler expects to spend an even larger 
proportion of its research and development budget to ensure 
compliance with these regulations. The possible impact and prob-
ability of occurrence of risks from the legal and political frame-
work is unchanged compared to the previous year. However, the 
assessment of the possible impact of the opportunities has 
increased from “Low” to “Medium”.

Many countries and regions have already implemented stricter 
regulations to reduce vehicles’ emissions and fuel con-
sumption or are currently preparing such laws. For example, 
they relate to the environmental impact of vehicles, including 
emission levels, fuel economy and noise, as well as pollutants 
from the emissions caused by production facilities. Noncom-
pliance with regulations applicable in the various regions might 
result in significant penalties and reputational harm. In case  
of violations of regulations concerning vehicles’ environmental 
compatibility, it might even mean that vehicles could not or 
could no longer be registered in the relevant markets. In addi-
tion, the risk exists that vehicles already in the markets will 
have to be rectified. The cost of compliance with these regula-
tions is significant, especially for conventional engines, and 
Daimler expects a further increase in costs in this context.

As the negative headlines on diesel engines and the implemen-
tation of driving bans on diesel vehicles unsettle customers, this 
can result in lasting shifts in the drive-system portfolio (fewer 
diesel and more gasoline engines). This would require additional 
cost-intensive development and production measures in order 
to meet the CO2 fleet limits applicable as of 2020.

The EU Commission is still revising, and amending or supple-
menting, the framework conditions for the WLTP measurement 
method, which has been applicable since September 2018. 
This may result in increased and additional WLTP testing and 
documentation costs.

Due to a procedural error in the legislation, the Court of the 
European Union has at first instance annulled parts of the Real 
Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation and has given the legisla-
tors 12 months from the date of the decision on the appeal to 
amend the contested parts of the regulation. If the appeal 
against the ruling is unsuccessful, the new regulation could pose 
significant risks to the eligibility of vehicles for registration, 
also of the Daimler Group. In the worst case, the new vehicles 
concerned, also of the Daimler Group, would no longer be 
allowed to be registered and operated throughout the EU. In 
parallel with these proceedings, a solution acceptable to all 
sides is being sought in the political process (trilogue).

Strict regulations for the reduction of vehicles’ emissions and 
fuel consumption also create potential risks for Daimler 
Trucks & Buses, because it will be difficult to fulfill the statu-
tory requirements in some countries. Above all this applies  
to the markets of Japan, the United States, China and Europe. 
The European Commission has developed a method for deter-
mining the CO2 emissions of heavy commercial vehicles, named 
VECTO, the application of which has been mandatory for the 
most important vehicle categories since January 1, 2019. The 
prescribed level of CO2 reduction in Europe of 15% by 2025  
and 30% by 2030, in each case compared to the new-vehicle 
fleet in the period of July 2019 to June 2020, cannot be achieved 
with conventional technology alone. Daimler Trucks & Buses 
will therefore have to apply the latest technologies in order to 
fulfill these requirements. Achieving the 2025 target will 
require significant shares of battery-electric trucks or other 
electrified drive systems in the actual market, which may  
only be achievable at higher costs.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  141

The position of the Daimler Group in key foreign markets could 
also be affected by an increase in or changes in free-trade 
agreements. If free-trade agreements are concluded without 
the participation of countries in which Daimler has production 
facilities, this could result in a competitive disadvantage for 
Daimler compared with competitors that produce in those 
countries that participate in the free-trade agreements. In addi-
tion, if the content of the free-trade agreements currently 
used by Daimler is made significantly stricter, this could also 
significantly impair the position of the Daimler Group, as the 
Group could no longer benefit from those free-trade agree-
ments. At the same time, however, the conclusion of new free-
trade agreements could also result in opportunities for the 
Daimler Group vis-à-vis its competitors, if the competitors do 
not produce in the countries concerned, but Daimler does.

The danger exists that individual countries will attempt to 
defend and improve their competitiveness in the world’s markets 
by resorting to interventionist and protectionist measures. 
Furthermore, interruptions in the supply chain due to potential 
trade conflicts cannot be ruled out. Industrial policy mea-
sures are intended to attract investment into a country and 
increase local value added along the entire value chain. This  
can lead to increased costs if production facilities have to be 
established or expanded or local purchasing has to be 
increased. In addition, attempts are being made to limit growth 
in imports through barriers to market access such as by  
making certification processes more difficult, delaying certifica-
tion and imposing other complicated customs procedures. 
These measures generally exacerbate uncertainties in the plan-
ning process; they can also lead to lower unit sales if importing 
is made more difficult.

Procurement market risks and opportunities
Procurement market risks arise for the automotive divisions  
in particular from fluctuations in prices of raw materials and 
energy. There are also risks of financial bottlenecks of suppli-
ers, and of capacity bottlenecks caused by supplier delivery fail-
ures or by insufficient utilization of production capacities at 
suppliers. Potential claims from suppliers due to the premature 
termination of development and production agreements by  
the Daimler Group may also lead to decreased earnings. This 
risk situation has not changed in terms of probability of occur-
rence and possible impact compared to the previous year. The 
impact of the opportunities is also unchanged.

The automotive segments of the Daimler Group require certain 
raw materials for the manufacture of vehicle components and 
vehicles, which are purchased on the world market. The level of 
costs depends on the price development of raw materials. 
Due to largely unchanged macroeconomic conditions, price fluc-
tuations are expected with uncertain and inconsistent trends 
also for the year 2020. For example, raw-material markets can 
be impacted by political crises and uncertainties – combined 
with possible supply bottlenecks – as well volatile demand for 
specific raw materials. Potential tariff increases for certain 
raw materials as a result of increasing protectionist tendencies 
worldwide can have a negative impact on price developments.  
In general, the ability to pass on the higher costs of commodities 
and other materials in form of higher prices for manufactured 
vehicles is limited because of strong competitive pressure in the 
international automotive markets. Rising raw-material prices 
may therefore have a negative impact on the margins on the 
vehicles sold and thus lead to lower earnings in the respective 
segment.

In addition to the described emission and fuel-consumption 
regulations, traffic-policy restrictions for the reduction  
of traffic jams, noise and emissions are becoming increasingly 
important in cities and urban areas worldwide. This develop-
ment can have a dampening effect on the development of unit 
sales, especially in growth markets. Pressure to reduce per-
sonal transport is increasingly being applied in European cities 
through discussions of bans on vehicles entering or driving in 
inner cities, especially those with diesel engines. These devel-
opments may dampen the development of unit sales, espe-
cially in the growth markets. In European cities, discussions 
about driving bans are increasingly intensifying the pressure  
to reduce individual transport, especially for vehicles with diesel 
engines. This may in turn lead to more demand for vehicles 
with alternative drive systems.

The financial situation of some suppliers remains tense due to 
the gloomy market environment. The resulting possible pro-
duction losses at suppliers may cause an interruption in the 
supply chain of the Daimler Group’s automotive segments  
and prevent vehicles from being completed and delivered to 
customers on time. In order to counteract such interruptions  
in the supply chain, support measures may be necessary to 
ensure production and sales by suppliers. Supplier risk man-
agement aims to identify potential financial bottlenecks for 
suppliers at an early stage and to initiate suitable counter-
measures. Specifically, depending on the warning signals 
recorded and the internal classification, regular reporting dates 
are agreed upon for suppliers at which key performance indi-
cators are reported to Daimler and any support measures can 
be determined if necessary.

Daimler continuously monitors the development of statutory and 
political conditions and attempts to anticipate foreseeable 
requirements and long-term targets at an early stage in the pro-
cess of product development. The great challenge of the com-
ing years will be to offer an appropriate range of drive systems 
and the right product portfolio in each market.

Due to the planned electrification of new model series and a 
shift in customer demand from diesel to gasoline engines, 
Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans in particular is faced with the risk 
that Daimler will require changed volumes of components  
from suppliers. This could result in over- or under-utilization 
of production capacities for certain suppliers. If suppliers 
cannot cover their fixed costs, there is the risk that they may 
demand compensation payments. Necessary capacity expan-
sion at suppliers’ plants could also require cost-effective par-
ticipation.

142  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

In principle, there is a danger that reduced plant availability or 
the failure of production equipment or production plants 
may cause internal bottlenecks that would consequently gener-
ate costs. These risks mainly exist for Mercedes-Benz Cars  
& Vans. The production equipment is continuously maintained 
and modernized. As a precaution, spare parts are held avail-
able or, if required, redundant machines are purchased for the 
production plants that might be at risk.

Capacity restrictions in the production of batteries, interrup-
tions in the supply chain and possible interruptions in supply 
by energy providers can lead to bottlenecks, especially at 
Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans. Restrictions on certain equipment 
components in new vehicle models and the lack of availability 
of vehicle parts at the right time also mean that vehicles cannot 
be handed over to customers as planned. In order to avoid 
such bottleneck situations, importance is placed upon being 
able to compensate for capacity constraints through forward 
planning. In addition, supply chains and the availability and qual-
ity of products are continuously monitored within the context  
of managing the entire value chain. Supplier management is 
undertaken for the prevention of risks with the aim of ensuring 
the quantity and quality of the components required to  
manufacture the vehicles. The lack of availability and quality 
problems with certain vehicle parts can lead to production 
downtimes and cause costs.

Warranty and goodwill cases could arise in the Daimler 
Group if the quality of the products does not meet the require-
ments, regulations are not fully complied with, or support  
cannot be provided in the required form in connection with prod-
uct problems and product care. Quality problems both with 
components in vehicles from external suppliers and in connec-
tion with technical innovations in vehicles may require adjust-
ments that can lead to considerable expenses. Possible claims 
in connection with such risks are examined and, if necessary, 
the appropriate measures are initiated for the affected products. 
If the high technical quality standards of purchased compo-
nents are not fulfilled, this can lead to Daimler asserting claims 
against the respective supplier.

The probability of occurrence and possible impact of production 
and technology risks are unchanged compared to the previous 
year across all segments.

Company-specific risks and opportunities

The following section describes the company-specific risks  
and opportunities of the Daimler Group. A quantification of 
these risks and opportunities is shown in table  B.72.

Production and technology risks and opportunities
Key success factors for achieving the desired level of prices for 
the products of the Daimler Group – and hence for the achieve-
ment of corporate targets – are brand image, design and quality, 
and thus the acceptance of products by customers, as well  
as technical features based on innovative research and develop-
ment. Technical solutions, for example support accident-free 
driving or further improve the products’ fuel consumption and 
emissions, such as hybrid or electric vehicles, are of key 
importance for safe and sustainable mobility. Innovations and 
technology opportunities for the progressive and future- 
oriented design of the product range are integrated in the  
strategic product planning of the automotive segments.  
As a result of increasing technical complexity, the continually 
rising extent of requirements in terms of emissions, fuel con-
sumption and safety, as well as meeting and steadily raising 
the Daimler Group’s quality standards, production and tech-
nology risks exist for product launches and manufacturing in  
the automotive segments.

In the context of product launches, the required parts and 
equipment components have to be available. To avoid restrictions 
in this context, the related processes are continuously evalu-
ated and improved. In order to secure and enhance the long-term 
future viability of production facilities, modernization, expan-
sion, construction and restructuring measures are carried out 
as required. The execution of modernization activities and 
the launch of new products are generally connected with high 
investments. For example, delays in the ramp-up phase of an 
innovation or during a product’s lifecycle can lead to inefficien-
cies in the production process and as a consequence to a 
temporary reduction in production volumes. Late design changes 
in the development process, for example in connection with 
new regulatory requirements, as well as quality or availability 
problems of supplied vehicle components can have a negative 
impact on production ramp-ups. Furthermore, the planned 
increase in battery production due to the increasing electrifica-
tion of the vehicle fleet means that initial problems during  
the production of the various battery types and possible tech-
nical limitations on battery lifecycles cannot be ruled out. 
Affected are those automotive segments which are currently 
launching a new product or have planned a related production 
ramp-up. In this context, it is also necessary to consider depen-
dencies on contractual and cooperation partners, as well  
as possible changes in regional conditions, which have to be 
included in the local decision-making process.

B.72
Company-specific risks and opportunities

Risk category

Probability of occurrence

Impact

Opportunity category

Production and technology risks

Information technology risks

Personnel risks

Low

Low

Medium

Risks related to equity investments and 
cooperations

Low

High

High

Production and technology opportunities

Information technology opportunities

Medium

Personnel opportunities

Medium

Opportunities related to equity investments and 
cooperations

Low

Impact

Low

–

–

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  143

Information technology risks and opportunities
The systematically pursued digitization strategy enables 
Daimler to utilize new opportunities to increase customer ben-
efit and the value of the company. Nonetheless, the high  
penetration of information technology (IT) in all segments also 
brings risks for their business and production processes, as  
well as for their services and products.

The ever-growing threat from cybercrime and the spread of 
aggressive malicious code brings risks that can affect the 
availability, integrity and confidentiality of information and IT-
supported operating resources. Despite extensive precau-
tions, in the worst-case scenario, this can lead to a temporary 
interruption of IT-supported business processes with severe 
negative effects on the Group’s earnings. In addition, the loss 
or misuse of sensitive data may under certain circumstances 
lead to a loss of reputation. In particular, stricter regulatory 
requirements such as the EU Data Protection Directive may, 
among other things, give rise to claims by third parties and result 
in costly regulatory requirements and penalties with an impact 
on earnings.

It is essential for the globally active Daimler Group and its wide-
ranging business and production processes that information  
is available and can be exchanged in an up-to-date, complete 
and correct form. The framework for IT security is based on 
international standards such as ISO/IEC 2700x and the NIST 
Cybersecurity Framework, and its protective measures also 
apply industry standards and best practice. Appropriately secure 
IT systems and a reliable IT infrastructure must be used to 
protect information. Cyber threats must be identified over the 
entire lifecycle of applications and IT systems, and dealt with  
in line with their seriousness. Particular attention is paid to risks 
that could result in the interruption of business processes 
due to the failure of IT systems or which could cause the loss 
or corruption of data. The advancing digitization and connec-
tivity of production equipment is accompanied by coordinated 
technical and organizational security measures.

Due to growing requirements concerning the confidentiality, 
integrity and availability of data, Daimler has implemented vari-
ous preventive and corrective measures so that the related 
risks are minimized and possible damage is limited. For exam-
ple, the Group reduces potential interruptions of operating  
processes in data centers by means of mirrored data sets, 
decentralized data storage, outsourced data backups and  
IT systems designed for high availability. Emergency plans are 
developed and employees are trained and regularly sensitized  
in order to maintain operating capability. Specific threats are 
analyzed and countermeasures are coordinated at a globally 
active Cyber Intelligence & Response Center. The protection of 
products and services at the risk of by hacking and cybercrime  
is continually developed.

The possible impact and probability of occurrence of informa-
tion-technology risks are unchanged compared to the previous 
year.

Personnel risks and opportunities
Competition for highly qualified staff and management is still 
very intense in the industry and the regions in which Daimler 
operates. The future success of the Daimler Group also depends 
on the extent to which it succeeds over the long term in recruit-
ing, integrating and retaining specialist employees. The estab-
lished human resources instruments take such personnel risks 

into consideration. One focus of human resources management 
is the targeted personnel development and further training  
of the workforce. Employees benefit for example from a range 
of courses offered by the Daimler Corporate Academy and 
from transparency in the context of performance management. 
In order to remain successful as a company, management  
culture and principles are being further developed in a Group-
wide project.

Due to demographic developments, the Group has to cope with 
changes relating to an aging workforce and has to secure a  
sufficient number of qualified young persons with the potential 
to become the next generation of highly skilled specialists  
and executives. This is addressed by measures taken in the 
area of generation management that do justice to the scope  
of the issue.

We counter economic, market and competitive fluctuations with 
the established time and flexibility instruments to enable us  
to react appropriately to the situation. In order to achieve the 
long-term reduction in personnel costs necessary for the 
transformation, Daimler’s management and the General Works 
Council have concluded an agreement which includes a staff-
reduction program. As this is based on an agreement that is vol-
untary for both parties, there is a risk that its implementation 
may not be able to take place to the full extent planned.

Personnel risks have increased from “Low” to “Medium” due to 
the upcoming negotiations on collective bargaining conditions  
in the metal and electrical industries in Germany and the asso-
ciated potential production losses. The probability of occur-
rence of personnel risks is currently assessed as unchanged 
compared with the previous year.

Risks and opportunities related to equity investments and 
cooperations
Cooperation with partners in associated companies and joint 
ventures is of key importance to Daimler. Along with ensuring 
better access to growth markets and new technologies, these 
shareholdings help to utilize synergies and improve cost struc-
tures in order to successfully respond to the competitive situa-
tion in the automotive industry. Through investments in start-
ups, Daimler promotes innovative approaches in many areas of 
the Group.

The Daimler Group generally participates in the risks and oppor-
tunities of associated companies and joint ventures in line  
with its equity interest, and is also subject to share-price risks 
and opportunities if such companies are listed on a stock 
exchange.

The remeasurement of an associated company or joint venture 
in relation to its carrying value can lead to risks and opportuni-
ties for the segment to which it is allocated. Furthermore, the 
business activities of an associated company, joint venture  
or joint operation, or the disposal or acquisition of an interest 
in such an entity, can result in financial obligations or an addi-
tional financing requirement, but can also result in potential 
opportunities, in connection with mobility services for exam-
ple. Such risks also exist with investments in startups and in the 
context of the restructuring of companies in which a minority 
interest is held. Risks from associated companies and joint ven-
tures exist at Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans, Daimler Trucks  
& Buses and Daimler Mobility, as well as at the associated com-
panies and joint ventures directly allocated to the Group.  

144  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

The associated companies and joint ventures are subject to a 
monitoring process so that, if required, decisions can be made 
on whether or not measures can be promptly taken to support 
or ensure their profitability. The recoverable value of investments 
is also regularly monitored.

process, Daimler regularly assesses these risks by considering 
changes in key economic indicators and market information. 
Pension plan assets to cover retirement and healthcare benefits 
(market-sensitive investments including equities and interest-
bearing securities) are not included in the following analysis.

The overall assessment of risks and opportunities related to 
equity investments and cooperations is unchanged compared 
with the previous year.

Financial risks and opportunities

The following section deals with the financial risks and oppor-
tunities of the Daimler Group. Risks and opportunities can 
have negative or positive effects on the profitability, cash flows 
and financial position of the Daimler Group. The probability  
of occurrence and possible impact of these risks and opportu-
nities is presented in table  B.73. The probability of occur-
rence and impact of the financial risks and opportunities are 
essentially unchanged from the previous year. Only the impact  
of country risks has increased from “Low” to “Medium” and 
the probability of occurrence of risks from changes in credit  
ratings has increased from “Low” to “Medium”.

In principle, the Group’s operating and financial risk exposures 
underlying its financial risks and opportunities can be divided 
into symmetrical and asymmetrical risk and opportunity profiles. 
With the symmetrical risk and opportunity profiles (e.g. cur-
rency exposures), risks and opportunities exist equally, while 
with the asymmetrical risk and opportunity profiles (e.g. credit 
and country exposures), the risks outweigh the opportunities.

Daimler is generally exposed to risks and opportunities from 
changes in market prices such as currency exchange rates, 
interest rates and commodity prices. Market price changes can 
have a negative or positive influence on the Group’s profit-
ability, cash flows and financial position. Daimler systematically 
manages and monitors market price risks and opportunities 
primarily in the context of its operational business and financing 
activities, and applies derivative financial instruments for 
hedging purposes where needed, thus limiting both market price 
risks and opportunities.

In addition, the Group is exposed to credit-, country- and liquid-
ity-related risks, risks of restricted access to capital markets, 
risks of early credit repayment requirements and risks from 
changes in credit ratings. As part of the risk management  

Exchange rate risks and opportunities
The Daimler Group’s global orientation means that its business 
operations and financial transactions are connected with risks 
and opportunities related to fluctuations in currency exchange 
rates. This applies in particular to fluctuations of the euro 
against the US dollar, Chinese renminbi, British pound and other 
currencies such as those of growth markets. An exchange  
rate risk or opportunity arises in business operations primarily 
when revenue is generated in a currency different from that  
of the related costs (transaction risk). This applies in particular 
to Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans. A major portion of its revenue  
is generated in foreign currencies while most of its production 
costs are denominated in euros. Daimler Trucks & Buses is 
also exposed to such transaction risks, but to a lesser degree 
because of its worldwide production network. Regularly 
updated currency risk exposures are successively hedged with 
suitable financial instruments (predominantly currency for-
wards and options) in accordance with exchange rate expecta-
tions, which are continually reviewed, whereby both risks  
and opportunities are limited. Any overcollateralization caused 
by changes in exposure is generally reversed by suitable  
measures without delay. Exchange rate risks and opportunities 
also exist in connection with the translation into euros of the 
net assets, revenues and expenses of the companies of the 
Group outside the euro zone (translation risk); these risks are 
not generally hedged.

Interest rate risks and opportunities
Changes in interest rates can create risks and opportunities for 
business operations as well as for financial transactions. 
Daimler employs a variety of interest-rate sensitive financial 
instruments to manage the cash requirements of its business 
operations on a day-to-day basis. Most of these financial instru-
ments are held in connection with the financial services busi-
ness of Daimler Mobility. Interest rate risks and opportunities 
arise when fixed-interest periods are not congruent between 
the asset and liability sides of the balance sheet. By means of 
refinancing coordinated with the terms of the financing agree-
ments, the risk of maturity mismatch is minimized from both 
an interest-rate and a liquidity perspective. Remaining inter-
est-rate risks are managed with the use of derivative financial 
instruments. The funding activities of the industrial business 

B.73
Financial risks and opportunities

Risk category

Exchange rate risks

Interest rate risks

Commodity price risks

Credit risks

Country risks

Risks of restricted 
capital-market access

Risks of credit 
repayment requirements

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Probability of occurrence

Impact

Opportunity category

High

Low

Low

Low

Exchange rate opportunities

Interest rate opportunities

Commodity price opportunities

Credit opportunities

Medium

Country opportunities

Opportunities of restricted 
capital-market access

Opportunities of credit 
repayment requirements

High

Low

Low

High

Impact

High

Low

Low

–

–

–

–

Risks from changes in credit ratings

Risks related to pension plans

Medium

Low

Opportunities from changes in credit ratings

Low

Opportunities relating to pension plans

High

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  145

and the financial services business are coordinated at Group 
level. Derivative interest rate instruments such as interest rate 
swaps are used to achieve the desired interest rate maturities 
and asset/liability structures (asset and liability management).

Commodity price risks and opportunities
Daimler is exposed to risks arising from changes in prices  
of raw materials in connection with the purchase of production 
materials. A small proportion of the raw-material price risks, 
primarily from the planned purchase of certain metals, is reduced 
through the use of derivative financial instruments.

Credit risks
Credit risk describes the risk of financial loss resulting from a 
counterparty failing to meet its contractual payment obliga-
tions. Credit risk includes both the direct risk of default and 
the risk of a deterioration in creditworthiness, as well as  
concentration risks.

The Group is exposed to credit risks which result primarily from 
its financial services activities and from the operations of its 
vehicle business. The risks from leasing and sales financing are 
dealt with in the “General market risks and opportunities”  
section.

Credit risks also arise from the Group’s liquid assets. Should 
defaults occur, this would adversely affect the Group’s financial 
position, cash flows and profitability. The limit methodology  
for liquid funds deposited with financial institutions has been 
continuously further developed in recent years. In connection 
with investment decisions, priority is placed on the borrowers’ 
very high creditworthiness and on balanced risk diversifica-
tion. Most liquid assets are held in investments with an exter-
nal rating of “A” or better.

Country risks
Country risk describes the risk of financial loss resulting from 
changes in political, economic, legal or social conditions in the 
respective country, for example due to sovereign measures 
such as expropriation or a ban on currency transfers. Daimler 
is exposed to country risks that primarily result from cross-
border financing or collateralization for Group companies or 
customers, from investments in subsidiaries and joint ven-
tures, and from cross-border trade receivables. Country risks 
also arise from cross-border cash deposits with financial 
institutions. The Group addresses these risks by setting country 
limits (e.g. for hard-currency portfolios of Daimler Mobility 
companies) and through investment-protection insurance against 
political risks in high-risk countries. Daimler also has an inter-
nal rating system that divides all countries in which it operates 
into risk categories. The possible impact of country risks  
has risen due to the increase in cross-border exposure and a 
changed risk situation in various countries.

Risks of restricted access to capital markets
Liquidity risks arise when a company is unable to fully meet its 
financial obligations. In the normal course of business, Daimler 
uses bonds, commercial paper and securitized transactions, as 
well as bank loans in various currencies, primarily with the  
aim of refinancing its leasing and sales-financing business. An 
increase in the cost of refinancing would have a negative 
impact on the competitiveness and profitability of our financial 
services business to the extent that the higher refinancing 

costs cannot be passed on to customers; a limitation of the 
financial services business would also have negative conse-
quences for the vehicle business. Access to capital markets  
in individual countries may be limited by government regulations 
or by a temporary lack of absorption capacity. In addition, 
pending legal proceedings as well as Daimler’s own business 
policy considerations and developments may temporarily  
prevent the company from covering any liquidity requirements 
by means of borrowing in the capital markets.

Risks of credit repayment requirements
Daimler may be required to make premature repayment of  
special-purpose loans in the case of adverse results of ongoing 
legal proceedings. It is to be expected that the resulting refi-
nancing requirement will have to be concluded at a higher cost.

Risks and opportunities from changes in credit ratings
Risks and opportunities exist in connection with potential 
downgrades or upgrades to credit ratings by the rating agen-
cies, and thus to Daimler’s creditworthiness. Downgrades 
could have a negative impact on the Group’s financing if such  
a downgrade leads to an increase in the costs for external 
financing or restricts the Group’s ability to obtain financing.  
A credit rating downgrade could also discourage investors  
from investing in Daimler AG.

Risks and opportunities relating to pension plans
Daimler has pension benefit obligations and, to a lesser degree, 
obligations relating to healthcare benefits, which are largely 
covered by plan assets. The balance of pension obligations less 
plan assets constitutes the carrying amount or funded status  
of those employee benefit plans. The measurement of pension 
obligations and the calculation of net pension expense are 
based on certain assumptions. Even small changes in those 
assumptions such as a change in the discount rate have a  
negative or positive effect on the funded status and Group 
equity in the current financial year, and lead to changes in  
the periodic net pension expense in the following financial year. 
The fair value of plan assets is determined to a large degree  
by developments in the capital markets. Unfavorable or favor-
able developments, especially relating to equity prices and 
fixed-interest securities, reduce or increase the carrying value 
of plan assets. A change in the composition of plan assets  
can also have a positive or negative impact on the fair value of 
plan assets. The broad diversification of investments, the 
selection of asset managers on the basis of quantitative and 
qualitative analyses, and the ongoing monitoring of returns  
and risks contribute to a reduction in the investment risk. The 
structure of pension obligations is taken into consideration 
with the determination of the investment strategy for the plan 
assets in order to reduce fluctuations of the funded status.

Further information on the pension plans and their risks is  
provided in E Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

Further information on financial risks, risk-limiting measures 
and the management of these risks is provided in E Note 33 
of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Infor-
mation on the Group’s financial instruments is provided in 
E Note 32 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial State-
ments.

146  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

Legal and tax risks

The Group continues to be exposed to legal and tax risks.  
Provisions are recognized for those risks if and insofar as they 
are likely to be utilized and the amounts of the obligations  
can be reasonably estimated.

Legal risks
Regulatory Risks. The automotive industry is subject to exten-
sive governmental regulations worldwide. Laws in various 
jurisdictions regulate occupant safety and the environmental 
impact of vehicles, including emissions levels, fuel economy  
and noise, as well as the emissions of the plants where vehicles 
or parts thereof are produced. In case regulations applicable  
in the different regions are not complied with, this could result 
in significant penalties and reputational harm or the inability  
to certify vehicles in the relevant markets. The cost of compli-
ance with these regulations is significant, and in this context, 
Daimler expects a significant increase in such costs.

Risks from legal proceedings in general. Daimler AG and its 
subsidiaries are confronted with various legal proceedings, 
claims as well as government investigations and orders (legal 
proceedings) on a large number of topics, including vehicle 
safety, emissions, fuel economy, financial services, dealer, sup-
plier and other contractual relationships, intellectual property 
rights, warranty claims, environmental matters, antitrust matters 
(including actions for damages) as well as shareholder litiga-
tion. Product-related litigation involves claims alleging faults in 
vehicles, some of which have been made as class actions.  
If the outcome of such legal proceedings is detrimental to 
Daimler, the Group may be required to pay substantial  
compensatory and punitive damages or to undertake service 
actions, recall campaigns, monetary penalties or other costly 
actions. Some of these proceedings may have an impact on the 
Group’s reputation.

Risks from legal proceedings in connection with diesel 
exhaust gas emissions – governmental proceedings. 
Daimler is continuously subject to governmental information 
requests, inquiries, investigations, administrative orders and 
proceedings relating to environmental, criminal, antitrust and 
other laws and regulations in connection with diesel exhaust 
emissions.

Several federal and state authorities and other institutions 
worldwide have inquired about and/or are/have been conduct-
ing investigations and/or administrative proceedings, and/or 
have issued administrative orders or, in the case of the Stuttgart 
district attorney’s office, a fine notice. These particularly 
relate to test results, the emission control systems used in 
Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles and/or Daimler’s interaction  
with the relevant federal and state authorities as well as related 
legal issues and implications, including, but not limited to, 
under applicable environmental, criminal and antitrust laws. 
These authorities and institutions include, amongst others,  
the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), which has requested 
that Daimler conduct an internal investigation, the U.S.  
Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), the California Air 
Resources Board (“CARB”) and other US state authorities,  
the European Commission, the German Federal Cartel Office 
(“Bundeskartellamt”) as well as national antitrust authorities 
and other authorities of various foreign states as well as the 
German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastruc-
ture (“BMVI”) and the German Federal Motor Transport Author-
ity (“KBA”). In the course of its formal investigation into possible 
collusion on clean emission technology, the European Com-
mission sent a statement of objections to Daimler and other 
automobile manufacturers in April 2019. In this context, 
Daimler filed an application for immunity from fines (leniency 
application) with the European Commission some time ago.  
The Stuttgart district attorney’s office is conducting criminal 
investigation proceedings against Daimler employees on  
the suspicion of fraud and criminal advertising, and, in May 2017, 
searched the premises of Daimler at several locations in Ger-
many. In February 2019, the Stuttgart district attorney’s office 
also initiated a formal investigation proceeding against 
Daimler AG with respect to an administrative offense. In Sep-
tember 2019, the Stuttgart district attorney’s office issued  
a fine notice against Daimler based on a negligent violation of 
supervisory duties in the amount of €870 million which has 
become legally binding, thereby concluding the administrative 
offense proceedings against Daimler. Daimler continues to 
fully cooperate with the authorities and institutions. Irrespective 
of such cooperation and in light of the recent developments,  
it is possible that further regulatory, criminal and administrative 
investigative and enforcement actions and measures relating  
to Daimler and/or its employees will be taken or administrative 
orders will be issued. Such actions, measures and orders may 
include subpoenas, that is, legal instructions issued under pen-
alty of law in the process of taking evidence, or other requests 
for documentation, testimony or other information, or orders 
to recall vehicles, further search warrants, a notice of violation 
or an increased formalization of the governmental investigations, 
coordination or proceedings, including the resolution of pro-
ceedings by way of a settlement. Additionally, further delays in 
obtaining regulatory approvals necessary to introduce new or 
recertify existing vehicle models could occur.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  147

In the years 2018 and 2019, the KBA issued various administra-
tive orders holding that certain calibrations of specified func-
tionalities in certain Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles are to be 
qualified as impermissible defeat devices and ordered subse-
quent auxiliary provisions for the respective EC type approvals 
in this respect, including stops of the first registration and 
mandatory recalls. Daimler filed timely objections against such 
administrative orders in order to have the open legal issues 
resolved, if necessary by a court of law. In the course of its 
regular market supervision, the KBA is routinely conducting  
further reviews of Mercedes-Benz vehicles and is asking ques-
tions about technical elements of the vehicles. In light of the 
aforementioned administrative orders issued by the KBA, it is 
likely that in the course of the ongoing and/or further investi-
gations KBA will issue additional administrative orders holding 
that other Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles are also equipped 
with impermissible defeat devices. Daimler has (in view of KBA’s 
interpretation of the law as a precaution) implemented a  
temporary delivery and registration stop with respect to certain 
models, also covering the used car, leasing and financing busi-
nesses, and is constantly reviewing whether it can lift this deliv-
ery and registration stop in whole or in part. The new calibra-
tions requested by KBA are being processed, and for a certain 
proportion of the vehicles, the relevant software has already 
been approved by KBA; the related recalls have insofar been 
initiated. It cannot be ruled out that under certain circum-
stances, software updates may have to be reworked or further 
delivery and registration stops may be ordered or resolved  
by the Company as a precautionary measure, also with regard 
to the used car, leasing and financing businesses. Daimler has 
initiated further investigations and otherwise continues to fully 
cooperate with the authorities and institutions.

In January 2019, another vehicle manufacturer reached civil 
settlements with US federal and state authorities, as well  
as with vehicle customers. Although the manufacturer did not 
admit liability, the authorities maintain the position that the 
manufacturer included undisclosed Auxiliary Emission Control 
Devices (AECDs) in its diesel vehicles, apparently including 
functionalities that are common in diesel vehicles, and that 
certain of these AECDs are illegal defeat devices. As part  
of these settlements, the manufacturer has agreed to, among 
other things, pay civil penalties, undertake a recall of affected 
vehicles, provide extended warranties, undertake a nationwide 
mitigation project and make other payments. The manufac-
turer has furthermore agreed to provide payments to current 
and former diesel vehicle owners as part of a class action  
settlement.

In light of these matters and in light of the ongoing governmen-
tal information requests, inquiries, investigations, administrative 
orders and proceedings, as well as our own internal investiga-
tions, it is possible that, besides KBA, one or more regulatory 
and/or investigative authorities worldwide will reach the con-
clusion that other passenger cars and/or commercial vehicles 
with the brand name Mercedes-Benz or other brand names  
of the group are equipped with impermissible defeat devices 
and/or that certain functionalities and/or calibrations were  
not properly disclosed. Furthermore, the authorities have 
increased scrutiny of Daimler’s processes regarding running-
change, field-fix and defect reporting as well as other compli-
ance issues. Except for, in particular, the Stuttgart district 
attorney’s office’s administrative offense proceedings, the 
other inquiries, investigations, legal actions and proceedings 
as well as the replies to the governmental information requests, 
the objection proceedings against KBA’s administrative 
orders and our internal investigations are still ongoing and open; 
hence, Daimler cannot predict the outcome at this time. Due  
to the outcome of the administrative offense proceedings by the 
Stuttgart district attorney’s office against Daimler and the 
above as well as any potential other information requests, inqui-
ries, investigations, administrative orders and proceedings,  
it is possible that Daimler will become subject to significant 
additional monetary penalties, fines, disgorgements of profits, 
remediation requirements, further vehicle recalls, further  
registration and delivery stops, process and compliance improve-
ments, mitigation measures and the early termination of pro-
motional loans, and/or other sanctions, measures and actions 
(such as the exclusion from public tenders), including further 
investigations and/or administrative orders by these or other 
authorities and additional proceedings. The occurrence of  
the aforementioned events in whole or in part could cause sig-
nificant collateral damage including reputational harm. Fur-
ther, due to negative determinations or findings with respect to 
technical or legal issues by one of the various governmental 
agencies, other agencies – or also plaintiffs – could also adopt 
such determinations or findings, even if such determinations  
or findings are not within the scope of such authority’s respon-
sibility or jurisdiction. Thus, a negative determination or  
finding in one proceeding, such as the fine notice issued by  
the Stuttgart district attorney’s office, carries the risk of  
being able to have an adverse effect on other proceedings, also 
potentially leading to new or expanded investigations or  
proceedings, including lawsuits.

In addition, Daimler’s ability to defend itself in proceedings 
could be impaired by the fine notice issued by the Stuttgart  
district attorney’s office as well as other unfavorable findings, 
results or developments in any of the information requests, 
inquiries, investigations, administrative orders, legal actions 
and/or proceedings discussed above.

148  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT

Risks from legal proceedings in connection with diesel 
exhaust gas emissions – court proceedings. A consumer 
class-action lawsuit is pending in the United States in which  
it is alleged that Daimler AG and MBUSA conspired with Robert 
Bosch LLC and Robert Bosch GmbH (collectively, “Bosch”)  
to deceive US regulators and consumers. A separate lawsuit 
was filed in January 2019 by the State of Arizona alleging that 
Daimler AG and MBUSA deliberately deceived consumers in 
connection with the advertising of Mercedes-Benz diesel  
vehicles. Consumer class-action lawsuits containing similar 
allegations were filed against Daimler AG and other compa-
nies of the Group in Canada in April 2016, and against 
Daimler AG in Israel in February 2019. A similar class action was 
filed in the United States in July 2017, but in December 2017,  
the parties stipulated to dismiss that lawsuit without prejudice. 
It may be filed again under specific conditions.

Furthermore, class actions have been filed in the United States 
and Canada alleging anticompetitive behavior relating to vehicle 
technology, costs, suppliers, markets, and other competitive 
attributes, including diesel emissions control technology. A secu-
rities class action lawsuit is pending in the United States on 
behalf of investors in Daimler AG American Depositary Receipts 
which alleges that the defendants made materially false and 
misleading statements about diesel emissions in Mercedes-Benz 
vehicles. Daimler AG and the respective other affected com-
panies of the Group regard these lawsuits as being without merit 
and will defend against the claims.

In Germany, a multitude of lawsuits by customers alleging claims 
under warranty and/or tort laws as well as lawsuits by inves-
tors alleging the violation of disclosure requirements are pend-
ing. In this context, motions to initiate a model proceeding in 
accordance with the Act on Model Proceedings in Capital Mar-
kets Disputes (KapMuG) have been filed by investors as well  
as by Daimler AG. Currently, no model proceeding is pending. 
Daimler AG also regards these lawsuits as being without merit 
and will defend against the claims.

If court proceedings have an unfavorable outcome for Daimler, 
this could result in significant damages and punitive damages 
payments, remedial works or other cost-intensive measures. 
Court proceedings can in part also have an adverse effect  
on the reputation of the Group.

Risks from other legal proceedings. Following the settlement 
decision by the European Commission adopted on July 19, 2016 
concluding the trucks antitrust proceedings, Daimler AG and 
Daimler Truck AG are facing customers’ claims for damages to 
a considerable degree. Respective legal actions, class actions 
and other forms of legal redress have been initiated in various 
states in and outside of Europe and should further be expected. 
Daimler takes appropriate legal remedies to defend itself.

As legal proceedings are fraught with a large degree of uncer-
tainty, it is possible that after their final resolution, some of  
the provisions we have recognized for them could prove to be 
insufficient. As a result, substantial additional expenditures 
may arise. This also applies to legal proceedings for which the 
Group has seen no requirement to recognize a provision.

It cannot be ruled out that the regulatory risks and risks from 
legal proceedings discussed above individually or in the aggre-
gate may materially adversely impact our profitability and 
financial position.

Although the final result of any such litigation may influence 
the Group’s earnings and cash flows in any particular period, 
Daimler believes that any resulting obligations are unlikely to 
have a sustained effect on the Group’s financial position.

Further information on legal proceedings is provided in 
E Note 30 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial State-
ments.

Tax risks
Daimler AG and its subsidiaries operate in many countries world-
wide and are therefore subject to numerous different statu-
tory provisions and tax audits. Any changes in legislation and 
jurisdiction, as well as different interpretations of the law by 
the fiscal authorities – especially in the field of cross-border 
transactions, may be subject to considerable uncertainty. It  
is therefore possible that the provisions recognized will not be 
sufficient, which could have negative effects on the Group’s 
net profit and cash flows.

Any changes or interventions by the fiscal authorities are  
continuously monitored by the tax department and measures 
are taken if required.

Furthermore, Daimler’s ability to defend itself in the court pro-
ceedings could be impaired by unfavorable findings, results  
or developments in any of the governmental or other court pro-
ceedings discussed above, in particular the fine notice issued  
by the Stuttgart district attorney’s office.

In addition, if future taxable income is not earned or is too low, 
there is a risk that the tax benefit from loss carryforwards and 
tax-deductible temporary differences may not be recognized or 
may no longer be recognized in full, which could have a nega-
tive impact on net profit.

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | RISK AND OPPORTUNITY REPORT  149

Overall assessment of the risk and opportunity 
situation

The overall view of the Group’s risk and opportunity situation  
is the sum of the described individual risks and opportunities of 
all risk and opportunity categories.

In addition to the risk categories described above, unforeseeable 
events can have a negative impact on the business operations 
and thus on the Daimler Group’s profitability, cash flows, finan-
cial position and its reputation. In order to recognize risks 
and opportunities at an early stage and to deal successfully with 
the current risk and opportunity situation, the established  
risk and opportunity management system is continuously mon-
itored and further developed.

The overall risk and opportunity situation of the Daimler Group 
remains essentially unchanged. No risks are recognizable – 
neither on the balance sheet date nor at the time of preparing 
the consolidated financial statements – that either alone or  
in combination with other risks could endanger the continued 
existence of the Group.

Non-financial risks

As a company with worldwide activities, the Daimler Group is 
at the focus of public interest. The relevant stakeholders’  
perception is therefore of crucial importance and can affect 
the reputation of the entire Daimler Group E page 196  
Non-Financial Report. A key role in the public’s current percep-
tion is played by the company’s approach to environmental, 
employee and social matters, fighting corruption and bribery, 
and respecting human rights, and may lead to non-financial 
risks.

Risks arise above all in connection with the public debate about 
diesel vehicles and the related fundamental reconsideration  
of methods for measuring emissions. Due to the replacement 
of the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) with the new mea-
suring method WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test 
Procedure), the fleet CO2 average has worsened. In the light  
of today’s knowledge, this makes it more difficult to achieve the 
CO2 targets as of 2020. Furthermore, there has been some 
pressure in the past two years on diesel technology, which is 
important for compliance with the challenging CO2 targets in 
the EU, because of NOx levels exceeding the limits at some mea-
suring stations in cities. The current public focus on vehicle 
emissions as well as possible certifications stops and recalls 
jeopardize the reputation of the automotive industry and in 
particular of the diesel engine, and could result in damage to 
Daimler’s reputation. With the development of a new genera-
tion of diesel engines and their systematic market launch, 
Daimler aims to achieve a reduction in NOx emissions in real 
driving conditions (RDE). In general, legal risks – for example  
in connection with antitrust investigations – as well as possible 
legal and social violations by partners and suppliers can have  
a negative impact on the reputation of the entire Daimler Group. 
As one of the fundamental principles of business activity, 
Daimler places particular priority – also in the selection of 
partners and suppliers – on adherence to applicable laws  
and ethical standards.

150  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OUTLOOK

Outlook 

The statements made in the Outlook chapter are based on the 
operational planning of Daimler AG as approved by the Board  
of Management and the Supervisory Board. That planning is 
based on the premises we set regarding the economic situa-
tion and the development of automotive markets. It involves 
assessments made by Daimler, which are based on analyses  
by various renowned economic research institutes, interna-
tional organizations and industry associations, as well as on 
the internal market analyses of our sales companies. The pros-
pects for our future business development as presented here 
reflect the targets of our divisions as well as the opportunities 
and risks presented by the anticipated market conditions and 
the competitive situation during the planning period. Against 
this backdrop, we adjust our expectations for business devel-
opment to reflect updated forecasts for the development of 
the various automotive markets. The statements made below 
are based on the facts known to us at the beginning of 2020. 

Our assessments for the year 2020 are based on the assumption 
of generally stable economic conditions and the expectation that 
the upward development of the global economy will continue 
at a moderate pace. We also assume that worldwide demand 
for automobiles will be approximately of the magnitude of the 
previous year. The development we have outlined is subject to 
various opportunities and risks, which are explained in detail  
in the Risk and Opportunity Report. E pages 135 ff. 

The world economy 

We assume that the moderate rate of growth of the global 
economy will continue in 2020 and that there will be no signifi-
cant acceleration in the course of the year. The growth pros-
pects for the industrialized countries are rather weaker than in 
the previous year, while the economies of the emerging markets 
should grow at a similar or slightly higher rate overall. 

The persistent weakness of leading indicators points to con-
tinued weak growth for the economy of the European Mone-
tary Union. In particular, we expect a perceptible slowdown of 
investment activity due to the significantly less favorable busi-
ness climate and the weak development of incoming orders. 
However, as long as the recessionary trend in the industry sec-
tor does not have a significantly stronger impact on the labor 
market than it has done so far, private consumption should 
continue to be a solid driver of growth this year. In addition, 
although a further easing of monetary policy by the European 
Central Bank seems unlikely from today’s perspective, it can-
not be ruled out in the event of a further economic slowdown. 
Overall, these developments should lead to a growth rate in 
the European Monetary Union of only about 1.0%. The outlook 
for the German economy is also subdued. Here too, we expect 
the continuation of a weak growth rate of between 0.5 and 
1.0%. Because the concrete economic effects of the UK’s with-
drawal from the EU, which has now taken place, cannot yet be 
foreseen in detail, the British economy must also be expected 
to develop rather moderately in 2020. Nonetheless, most ana-
lysts do not anticipate an economic slump. 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OUTLOOK  151

Growth of the US economy is likely to fall below the 2% mark 
for the first time since 2016. A combination of weaker global 
economic growth and continued uncertainty regarding the  
various trade disputes is adversely affecting companies and  
is likely to lead to a further slowdown in investment activity; 
growth in private consumption is also expected to slow down 
somewhat, but should remain solid thanks to moderate infla-
tion and low unemployment. In view of these developments, 
the US Federal Reserve (Fed) is likely to adopt a wait-and-see 
approach for the time being, but will take appropriate counter-
measures in the event of an economic slump or negative 
employment effects. 

Growth of the Japanese economy is expected to slow down 
noticeably this year and to be only slightly above 0% due to the 
effects of increased sales tax and the ongoing weakness of 
exports. 

We expect economic growth in China to continue to slow 
down, as the effects of the trade conflict and the ongoing fight 
against structural problems such as industrial overcapacity 
and the very high levels of debt of state-owned enterprises will 
have a dampening effect. Since the government’s stimulus 
measures are likely to remain moderate in order to avoid exces-
sive debt and bubble effects, Chinese growth will probably be 
below the 6% mark this year. 

While the development of the Central and Eastern European 
economies is expected to be similar to that of the previous 
year, slight acceleration of growth is anticipated for the South 
American economic area, mainly driven Brazil, the region’s 
largest market. However, with growth in gross domestic prod-
uct expected to be lower than 2%, South America still remains 
below its potential. Despite the still comparatively low level of 
commodity prices, especially of oil, the countries of the Middle 
East are expected to experience somewhat stronger growth of 
about 2%, although with risks of a weaker development. Over-
all, the emerging markets should achieve economic growth in 
the magnitude of 4% in 2020, thus developing along their long-
term trend. 

Automotive markets 

In 2020, worldwide demand for cars should stabilize and 
remain close to the level of the previous year. 

The European market is likely to be of the magnitude of 2019. 
We expect demand to remain fairly stable also in Western 
Europe. Demand in Germany, the region’s largest single market, 
is likely to decrease slightly. Slight growth of the car market is 
expected in Eastern Europe, following the relatively weak devel-
opment in the previous year. 

Slight contraction is expected in the US market for cars and 
light trucks. The anticipated market level remains solid, how-
ever. The Chinese car market should stabilize after the signifi-
cant decline in 2019 and roughly maintain the previous year’s 
level. 

In the EU30 region (European Union, United Kingdom, Switzer-
land and Norway) in 2020, we anticipate a market volume at the 
prior-year level in the combined segment of mid-size and large 
vans, as well as in the market for small vans. In the United 
States, demand for large vans should be slightly stronger than 
in the previous year. We expect the market for large vans in 
Latin America to grow significantly in 2020, driven by demand 
in Brazil. In China, we anticipate slight growth in the market for 
mid-size vans. 

For major truck sales markets, we expect generally rather 
unfavorable conditions in 2020. 

In the NAFTA region, we assume that the market for heavy-
duty trucks (class 8) will contract significantly compared with 
the very high level of demand in 2019. 

In a still weak overall economic environment in the EU30 
region, we expect demand for heavy-duty trucks to decrease 
significantly compared with the robust prior-year level. In  
Brazil, sales of heavy trucks are only likely to remain close to 
the level of 2019 after the lively recovery of recent years. 

Overall, the world economy should grow in 2020 by approxi-
mately 2.5%, similar to the moderate rate of expansion in the 
previous year. 

In Japan, we anticipate a significant decrease in demand for 
heavy-duty trucks. 

We expect the market volume for buses in both the EU30 
region and Brazil to be slightly below the level of 2019. 

152  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OUTLOOK

Unit sales 

Unit sales at Mercedes-Benz Cars in 2020 are anticipated to 
be slightly below the prior-year level. This reflects the complete 
change in the business model at smart to focus on electric 
models only and a preliminary estimate of possible effects from 
the coronavirus outbreak both on the supply chain and the 
automotive markets.

While we continue to renew our attractive and innovative model 
portfolio at Mercedes-Benz, we plan to launch more than half  
a dozen new and upgraded cars in 2020. Above all, the new GLA 
should continue to have a positive impact on sales. We are  
well positioned also in the strong upper mid-range segment in 
2020, due in particular to the new GLE Coupe and the model 
update of the E-Class family. Mercedes-AMG should be a guar-
antee for our success in the high-performance segment once 
again in 2020. More and more customers are enthusiastic about 
the attractive and broad range of vehicles offered by our sports-
car and high-performance brand, which we are continually 
developing. 

We are systematically expanding our global production net-
work for electric mobility. The product and technology brand 
EQ, which stands for electric intelligence, offers vehicles with 
all-electric drive. We intend to electrify the entire portfolio of 
Mercedes-Benz Cars by 2022. By 2025, we assume that up to 
25% will be purely electric cars. By 2030, plug-in hybrids and 
all-electric models should account for more than 50%. 

The smart brand will change over fully to electric drive in the 
year 2020. The battery-electric smart models make entry into 
electric mobility more attractive than ever before. They com-
bine the agility of the smart with locally emission-free driving – 
an ideal combination for urban mobility. The focus on electric 
models only will lead to lower unit sales of the smart brand. 

Unit sales at Mercedes-Benz Vans in 2020 are anticipated to 
be slightly below the prior-year level. 

Following the strong demand of recent years, the normalization 
of major truck markets will affect sales at Daimler Trucks  
in 2020. The division expects a slight decrease in unit sales in 
2020. This development will be primarily influenced by expec-
tations for the North American and European markets. 

Daimler Buses assumes that it will be able to defend its market 
leadership in its most important traditional core markets for 
buses above 8 tons. We anticipate slight growth in total unit 
sales in 2020. 

Daimler Mobility expects a slight decrease in new business 
and a contract volume at the prior-year level in 2020. We  
aim to utilize new market potential through more flexible leas-
ing and rental products with the option of switching to new 

vehicles at shorter intervals. And we intend to make use of 
additional market opportunities by expanding our online sales 
channels and with telematics-based products for insurance 
and fleet management. We continue to see good growth oppor-
tunities also in the mobility segment. 

On the basis of our assumptions concerning the development 
of automotive markets and the divisions’ planning, we expect 
the Daimler Group to achieve unit sales in 2020 slightly below 
the level of the previous year. 

Revenue and earnings 

We assume that the Daimler Group will generate revenue in 
2020 at the level of the previous year. Also Mercedes-Benz 
Cars & Vans as well as Daimler Mobililty expect revenue at the 
previous year level, while Daimler Trucks & Buses anticipates  
a significant revenue decrease.

Despite the expectation of unit sales slightly below and revenue 
at the prior-year level, we anticipate significant earnings 
growth for the Daimler Group in 2020, after EBIT in 2019 was 
adversely affected by a number of material adjustments.  
This includes the Daimler Trucks & Buses and Daimler Mobility 
divisions with decreases in EBIT. The first positive effects on 
earnings should already occur in 2020 from the significant effi-
ciency measures that have already been taken at all divisions, 
such as savings in personnel and material costs, portfolio and 
model adjustments, the ongoing implementation of platform 
strategies and the stricter allocation of capital. However, these 
measures will only take full effect in subsequent years. On the 
other hand, restructuring measures and the job cuts that have 
been initiated will have a negative impact on earnings in 2020. 

We are standardizing and modularizing our production processes 
throughout the Group. In this context, we are making intelli-
gent use of vehicle platforms, allowing us to achieve further cost 
advantages. In parallel, we are pushing forward with digital 
connectivity in all divisions and at all stages of the value chain 
– from development to production to sales and service. In this 
way, we are opening up additional scope to become even faster, 
more flexible and more efficient – to the benefit of our custom-
ers. However, earnings will be reduced by the continuation of 
high expenditure: for innovative technologies (especially for 
reducing fuel consumption and for electrification), for the digi-
tization of our products and processes, and for the expansion 
and modernization of our worldwide production capacities. 

On the basis of the market developments we anticipate, the 
aforementioned factors and the planning of our divisions, we 
assume that Group EBIT in 2020 will be significantly above  
the level of 2019, which was affected by numerous material 
adjustments. 

For the transparent presentation of the ongoing business, as of 
the year 2020, we will calculate and forecast adjusted return 
on sales for Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans and Daimler Trucks & 
Buses and adjusted return on equity for Daimler Mobility. For 
the two automotive divisions, we will also forecast an adjusted 
cash conversion rate, which is derived from the adjusted cash 
flow before interest and taxes (CFBIT) and adjusted EBIT. The 
adjustments include individual items if they lead to material 
effects in a reporting period. These individual items relate in 
particular to legal proceedings and related measures, restruc-
turing measures and M&A transactions. Further information on 
the management system is provided on E pages 63 f. 

The individual divisions have the following expectations for 
adjusted returns in 2020:  
Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans: adjusted return on sales  
of 4 to 5%  
Daimler Trucks & Buses: adjusted return on sales of 5%  
Daimler Mobility: adjusted return on equity of 12% 

At Mercedes-Benz Cars, positive effects will result from a more 
favorable sales structure for our cars. There should be support-
ing effects for both cars and vans from measures for efficiency 
improvements, especially significant material-cost savings and 
improved personnel costs. There will be negative effects, how-
ever, from the continuation of very high expenditure for new 
technologies and vehicles, especially the expenses incurred to 
meet the CO2 targets. 

Daimler Trucks & Buses should also benefit from efficiency-
improving measures, in particular reduced variable costs and 
lower personnel costs. Opposing effects will result, however, 
from the expected market contractions in the NAFTA and EU30 
regions, as well as from the continuation of high expenditure 
for new technologies and vehicles. 

With regard to the adjusted return on equity expected for 
Daimler Mobility, there will be positive effects from the fleet-
management business and the focus of our mobility services, 
as well as negative effects from the normalization of credit-risk 
costs and slightly lower interest income. In addition, a higher 
equity ratio due to stricter regulatory requirements will have a 
negative impact on the adjusted return on equity. 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OUTLOOK  153

Free cash flow and liquidity 

The free cash flow of the industrial business will continue to  
be adversely affected by high advance expenditure for new 
products and technologies, although this should have reached 
its highest level in 2019. Nonetheless, we expect the free cash 
flow of the industrial business to be significantly higher than in 
the previous year. This does not take into account possible 
expenses relating to legal and governmental proceedings. 

We expect the adjusted cash conversion rate for the 
Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans division to be within a corridor of 
0.7 to 0.9 in 2020. The adjusted cash conversion rate for 
Daimler Trucks & Buses is likely to be between 0.8 and 1.0 in 
2020. 

For the year 2020, we aim to have liquidity available in a vol-
ume appropriate to the general risk situation in the financial 
markets and to Daimler’s risk profile. When measuring the 
level of liquidity, we give due consideration to possible refi-
nancing risks caused for example by temporary distortions  
in the financial markets. We continue to assume, however, that  
we will have very good access to the capital markets and the 
bank market also in the year 2020. We aim to cover our funding 
needs in the planning period primarily by means of bonds, 
commercial paper, bank loans, customer deposits in the direct 
banking business and the securitization of receivables in the 
financial services business; the focus will be on bonds and loans 
from globally and locally active banks. In view of our ongoing 
strong creditworthiness and in a continuing environment of high 
liquidity in the international capital markets, we anticipate sta-
ble refinancing conditions. Furthermore, our goal is to continue 
to ensure a high degree of financial flexibility. 

Dividend

At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on April 1, 2020, the 
Board of Management and the Supervisory Board will propose 
the payment of a dividend of €0.90 per share for the year 2019 
(prior year: €3.25). This represents a total distribution of €1.0 
billion (prior year: €3.5 billion). 

In line with a sustainable dividend policy, Daimler sets the divi-
dend based on a distribution ratio of 40% of the net profit 
attributable to Daimler shareholders. We also take into consid-
eration the free cash flow from the industrial business when 
setting the dividend.

154  B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OUTLOOK

Investment 

In order to achieve our ambitious growth targets, we will make 
our product range even more attractive in the coming years 
and focus it even more on our customers’ requirements. At the 
same time, we want to be able to play a leading role in the far-
reaching technological transformation of the automotive indus-
try. This applies in particular to the increasing electrification  
of our product portfolio and to the digital connectivity of our 
products and processes along the entire value chain. Against 
this backdrop, investment in property, plant and equipment is 
mainly directed at preparations for the production of our new 
models. Other main areas are the realignment of our produc-
tion facilities in Germany, local production in growth markets 
and the establishment of a global production network for elec-
tric vehicles and batteries. Against the background of an even 
more targeted allocation of capital and prioritization of proj-
ects, we plan to invest in property, plant and equipment in 
2020 at a level similar to that of 2019. 

At Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans, we will invest in 2020, among 
other things, in preparations to ramp up production of the vehi-
cles in our EQ family with electric drive and in the new genera-
tion of the C-Class and S-Class. In addition, we will continue to 
invest in our production plants and for new engines and trans-
missions. As a result, investment in property, plant, and equip-
ment at Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans is also expected to be at 
the prior-year level. 

Against the backdrop of the technological changes taking 
place in the transport industry, a large part of the investment 
by Daimler Trucks & Buses in 2020 will be for automated driv-
ing and electric mobility. In addition, the division will invest pri-
marily in new products for specific areas of application, such 
as vocational trucks in the North American market, global com-
ponent projects and the optimization of the worldwide produc-
tion and sales network. Overall, we expect a slight increase in 
investment in property, plant and equipment at Daimler Trucks 
& Buses compared with 2019.  

Research and development 

With our research and development activities, our goal is to 
further strengthen Daimler’s competitive position against the 
backdrop of upcoming technological challenges. With new  
and attractive products, we want to inspire our customers and 
utilize the growth opportunities offered by worldwide automo-
tive markets. We are focusing on the strategic areas for the 
future of connectivity, automated and autonomous driving, and 
in particular the development of electric drive systems. After 

the continuous increase in recent years, the volume of research 
and development expenditure should have reached a plateau in 
2019. Against the background of a focused and efficient appli-
cation of funds, research and development expenditure in 2020 
should therefore be in the magnitude of the previous year. 

At Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans, a large proportion of the 
research and development expenditure in 2020 will be for 
developing the model range of the EQ product and technology 
brand, especially in the related development of a new platform 
for vehicles with all-electric drive and in the areas of digitiza-
tion and automated and autonomous driving, which, along with 
electric mobility, are increasingly gaining importance. For cars, 
expenditure will decrease compared with the previous year for 
the successor model to the current S-Class and for the new 
compact cars. The Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans division there-
fore anticipates a slight decrease in research and development 
expenditure compared with the prior-year volume. 

The Daimler Trucks & Buses division plans on research and 
development expenditure at the prior-year level. The focus will 
be on the development of new technologies, among other 
things, for the automation and connectivity of trucks and buses 
and for a fleet that is CO2-neutral in driving operation (tank- to-
wheel) by means of electric drive (battery power and fuel 
cells). In the long term, we anticipate considerable business 
potential with highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) in “Hub-
2Hub” applications on US highways between logistics centers. 
Another important area is the development of successor gen-
erations for existing products, with a focus on the segment  
of heavy-duty trucks, as well as on tailored products and tech-
nologies for major growth markets. 

Overall statement on future development 

The conditions for our business at the beginning of 2020 are 
less favorable than in the previous year. Financial challenges 
are greater than ever due to the necessary transformation for 
a CO2-neutral future. This requires high levels of investment in 
electric mobility and wide-ranging structural adjustments. We 
are therefore systematically implementing our “Ambition 2039” 
for CO2-neutral mobility. In this context, we will utilize the 
potential offered by automated driving and digital services. The 
achievement of an appropriate return and a solid cash flow 
have absolute priority. This is the only way for us to play a lead-
ing role in the transformation for a CO2-neutral future. Com-
prehensive efficiency measures have therefore been defined at 
all divisions and at Daimler AG. The allocation of financial 
resources is managed transparently and stringently at the level 
of the parent company. Together with partners, we plan to 

B | COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT | OUTLOOK  155

Forward-looking statements 
This document contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current 
views about future events. The words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “esti-
mate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “can,” “could,” “plan,” “project,” “should” 
and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements. 
These statements are subject to many risks and uncertainties, including an 
adverse development of global economic conditions, in particular a decline of 
demand in our most important markets; a deterioration of our refinancing 
possibilities on the credit and financial markets; events of force majeure 
including natural disasters, pandemics, acts of terrorism, political unrest, 
armed conflicts, industrial accidents and their effects on our sales, purchas-
ing, production or financial services activities; changes in currency exchange 
rates and tariff regulations; a shift in consumer preferences towards smaller, 
lower-margin vehicles; a possible lack of acceptance of our products or ser-
vices which limits our ability to achieve prices and adequately utilize our pro-
duction capacities; price increases for fuel or raw materials; disruption of 
production due to shortages of materials, labor strikes or supplier insolven-
cies; a decline in resale prices of used vehicles; the effective implementation 
of cost-reduction and efficiency-optimization measures; the business outlook 
for companies in which we hold a significant equity interest; the successful 
implementation of strategic cooperations and joint ventures; changes in 
laws, regulations and government policies, particularly those relating to vehi-
cle emissions, fuel economy and safety; the resolution of pending govern-
ment investigations or of investigations requested by governments and the 
conclusion of pending or threatened future legal proceedings; and other risks 
and uncertainties, some of which we describe under the heading “Risk and 
Opportunity Report” in this Annual Report. If any of these risks and uncer-
tainties materializes or if the assumptions underlying any of our forward-
looking statements prove to be incorrect, the actual results may be materi-
ally different from those we express or imply by such statements. We do not 
intend or assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements 
since they are based solely on the circumstances at the date of publication.

References made in this management report  
Insofar as the references made in this Management Report relate to parts of 
the Annual Report that were not included in the external audit (components 
outside the company and consolidated financial statements and the com-
bined Management Report), or to the Daimler website or other reports or 
documents, these were not part of the external audit. 

develop new technologies and share development costs. In this 
way, we intend to continue our profitable growth in the 
medium term and to strengthen our leading position worldwide 
in all divisions. 

As the inventor of the automobile, it is in our nature to con-
stantly reinvent mobility. We aim to offer sustainable solutions 
for the mobility and goods transport of the future. We want to 
inspire emotionally and convince rationally. With our Mercedes-
Benz automobiles, we are following this path with the goal of 
combining sustainability and modern luxury. And in the trans-
portation and haulage business, we want to make our custom-
ers successful with innovative and highly efficient commercial 
vehicles. 

The customer is at the center of our considerations, whereby 
the further development of our brand plays a decisive role. In 
Interbrand’s current Best Global Brands 2019 ranking, the 
Mercedes-Benz brand is the world’s most successful and valu-
able premium automotive brand. We want to make our brand 
even more unique in the future and position it in an even more 
customer-oriented manner. Especially in times of transforma-
tion, the emotional bond with our customers is more important 
than ever. Also with our commercial vehicles, our efforts focus 
on the customers and their benefits. We are developing tech-
nologies to further improve the total cost of transport and to 
develop safe and efficient solutions for the transportation and 
haulage tasks of the future. 

The transformation is a long-term process of adjustment in 
which we want to implement our structures and processes 
together with our employees. With a workforce that is agile 
and willing to learn, we will develop the necessary skills for the 
new requirements. Our corporate culture creates the basis for 
the outstanding innovative strength of our employees. We live 
diversity. Integrity is our inner compass. It guides our actions 
and the relationships with our business partners. 

In view of the challenging environment and the expected changes 
in mobility, we are consistently implementing our sustainable 
business strategy and thus shaping the transformation of the 
automotive industry from a leading position. Accordingly, our goal 
is to continue to be a leading vehicle manufacturer and at the 
same time to develop into one of the leading providers of con-
nected mobility. In this way, we again achieved a number of pio-
neering milestones in 2019. And against this backdrop, we look 
forward with confidence to a challenging year 2020. While we 
expect the Group’s unit sales to slightly decrease and Group reve-
nue to be in the magnitude of the previous year, we anticipate a 
significant increase in Group EBIT compared with the figure for 
2019, which was impacted by numerous material adjustments.

C

The 
 Divisions

Daimler’s divisions performed well in 2019 despite some difficult market condi-
tions. This was significantly supported by numerous new products and innovative 
services. Mercedes-Benz Cars, Mercedes-Benz Vans and Daimler Buses all 
surpassed their prior-year unit sales, and Daimler Mobility increased its contract 
volume. In order to further improve our competitiveness, we entered into  
future-oriented partnerships in key areas such as autonomous driving, mobility 
services and the further development of the smart brand. 

C | The Divisions

C | THE DIVISIONS | CONTENTS  157

Mercedes-Benz Cars 

158 – 165

Daimler Buses 

174 – 176

–  Ongoing high levels of unit sales and revenue 
–  Ninth consecutive record year for Mercedes-Benz Cars 
–  Sustainability at Frankfurt Motor Show 2019 
–  More than a dozen new and upgraded vehicles 
–   EQ technology brand offers comprehensive ecosystem for  

electric mobility 

–  Launch of first Mercedes-Benz EQ model  
–  Expanded range of plug-in hybrids 
–  VISION EQS: milestone on the way into the future  
–  Strengthened presence in China  
–  Joint venture with Geely for further development of smart  
–   Global production network further developed with smart  

production 

–  Presentation of Best Customer Experience 4.0 
–  Sixth consecutive world championship double in Formula 1
–  EBIT of €3.4 billion (2018: €7.2 billion) 

Daimler Trucks 

166 – 170

–  Decrease in unit sales 
–   Heavy-duty trucks available in core markets with partially 

automated driving functions (SAE Level 2) 

–  Start of tests of highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) 
–  Supply agreement with CATL for global battery modules 
–   Launch in North America of telematics-based financing 

option Dynamic Lease 

–  Slight growth in unit sales 
–   Market leadership defended in most important traditional 

core markets above eight tons gross vehicle weight 

–   Positive development of complete-bus business in Europe 
–  Online shop started for bus spare parts 
–  Mercedes-Benz eCitaro wins Sustainable Bus Award 2020 
–  Range extension targeted with fuel cells 
–   EBIT slightly above prior-year level at €283 million  

(2018: €265 million)

Daimler Mobility 

177 – 179

–  Renewed growth in contract volume 
–   Further increase in number of automotive insurance  

policies brokered 

–   New name: Daimler Mobility AG 
–  Mobility “from years to minutes” 
–  Expansion of e-payment activities 
–  Launch of short-term insurance for more mobility 
–  New app for paperless conclusion of insurance contracts 
–  Launch of telematics-based financing option 
–  Expansion of product portfolio for telematics services 
–  Athlon adds e-bike option to leasing app 
–  Ongoing growth of mobility joint ventures 
–  Joint venture established for premium ride hailing in China 
–   EBIT significantly above prior-year level at €2.1 billion 

–   EBIT lower than in previous year at €2.5 billion  

(2018: €1.4 billion) 

(2018: €2.8 billion)

Mercedes-Benz Vans 

171 – 173

–  Unit sales at record level 
–  Growth driven by the Sprinter 
–  Market launch of the new V-Class 
–  Decision on Citan successor 
–  Focus on eDrive@Vans 
–  Start of series production of eSprinter 
–   World premiere of our first battery-electric multi-purpose 

vehicle in the premium segment

-  Digitization at full speed 
–   EBIT significantly below prior-year level at minus €3.1 billion 

(2018: €0.3 billion) 

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158  C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS

Mercedes-Benz Cars

Mercedes-Benz Cars performed well in the market during the year under review, despite difficult 
conditions. Unit sales and revenue were above the high levels of the previous year, and Mercedes-
Benz continues to be the premium brand with the strongest unit sales in the automotive industry. 
However, EBIT declined significantly in 2019. During the year under review, we systematically 
forged ahead with our model offensive. In total, Mercedes-Benz launched more than a dozen new 
or upgraded models in 2019, including the new B-Class, the A-Class sedan and the new GLB. We 
also launched the EQC (combined electricity consumption: 20.8 – 19.7 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 
emissions: 0 g/km)1, the first vehicle of our EQ electric-mobility brand. Mercedes-Benz’s stand at 
the Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA) was dominated by the presentation of sustainable solutions for the 
future of mobility. Our numerous world premieres at the event underscored our firm intention to 
continue designing and offering intelligent mobility solutions in the future.

C.01
Mercedes-Benz Cars

€ amounts in millions

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property, plant 
and equipment

Research and development 
expenditure
thereof capitalized

Production

Unit sales

93,877

3,359

3.6

93,103

7,216

7.8

5,629

5,684

7,518 
2,904

6,962 
2,269

2,397,673

2,398,270

2,385,432

2,382,791

Employees (December 31)1

152,048

151,316

+1

-53

.

-1

+8 
+28

-0

+0

+0

1  Adjustment of the number of employees in 2018 due to changes in 

the Group’s internal allocation of employees.

C.02
Unit sales Mercedes-Benz Cars

in thousands

Mercedes-Benz

thereof A-/B-Class

C-Class

E-Class

S-Class
SUVs1

Sports cars

smart

Mercedes-Benz Cars

thereof Europe

thereof Germany

NAFTA

thereof United States

Asia

thereof China

1  Including the GLA and the GLB

2019

2018

19/18

% change

2,278

2,253

527

440

418

75

790

28

107

409

478

434

84

829

19

130

2,385

2,383

992

335

369

313

940

694

983

324

393

327

921

678

+1

+29

-8

-4

-10

-5

+48

-18

+0

+1

+3

-6

-4

+2

+2

Ongoing high levels of unit sales and revenue
The Mercedes-Benz Cars division sold a total of 2,385,400 
vehicles in 2019 despite difficult overall conditions (2018: 
2,382,800). The division thus surpassed the record level of 
unit sales set in the previous year. At €93.9 billion, revenue 
also exceeded the previous year’s high level (+1%).  C.01  
This development was in large part due to the extensive mar-
ket success of our new compact-class models and continued 
strong demand for the E-Class and our SUVs. EBIT decreased 
significantly to €3.4 billion in the year under review as the 
result of various factors, which are described in detail in the 
Profitability chapter. E page 71

Mercedes-Benz Cars sold a total of 992,200 vehicles in Europe 
in 2019 (2018: 982,700). Sales growth in Germany (+4%) was 
accompanied by decreases in Italy (-1%) and Spain (-5%). Unit 
sales in the volume markets of the United Kingdom and France 
remained at the levels of the previous year. The Mercedes-
Benz Cars division remained very successful in China during 
the year under review, with unit sales there increasing by 2%  
to 694,200 vehicles. We also set new records for unit sales  
in other Asian markets, in South Korea for example (+18%). At 
368,900 vehicles, unit sales in the NAFTA region were lower 
than the high level of the previous year. Decreases were 
recorded in the United States (-4%) and in Canada (-12%).

Ninth consecutive record year for Mercedes-Benz Cars 
At 2,278,300 vehicles, unit sales by the Mercedes-Benz brand 
surpassed the record level of the previous year by 1%.  C.02 
Mercedes-Benz is thus once again the premium brand with the 
strongest unit sales in the automotive industry. Mercedes-Benz 
is number one in the premium segment in Germany and sev-
eral other key European markets, as well as in South Korea, 
India, Australia, Canada and Japan. Furthermore, we are the 
number one in the premium segment also in China, with a new 
sales record in that country.

1  Electricity consumption and range have been calculated on the basis of 

Commission Regulation (EC) No. 692/2008. Electricity consumption and 
range depend on vehicle configuration.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS  159
C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS  159

Mercedes-Benz EQC (combined electricity consumption: 20.8 – 19.7 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km)1: 
The Mercedes-Benz among electric vehicles and a car that makes a convincing impression in terms of the sum of its attributes.

160  C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS

In total, Mercedes-Benz launched more than a dozen new or 
upgraded models in 2019. In particular our new compact mod-
els, including the new B-Class, the A-Class Sedan and the new 
GLB, played a major role in our sales growth in the year under 
review. However, our AMG models also generated significant 
sales momentum. More and more customers are fascinated by 
the broad and appealing range of automobiles offered by our 
sports-car and high-performance brand, which we are continu-
ously refining.

The A-Class and B-Class models were particularly successful 
in the year under review. Unit sales of these models, including 
the CLA and CLA Shooting Brake, increased by 29% to a total 
of 527,000 vehicles. Sales of C-Class vehicles decreased by 8% 
to 439,600 sedans, wagons, coupes and convertibles. The 
E-Class continued to perform very well on the market. At 
418,100 vehicles, total unit sales of the E-Class did not achieve 
the high level of the prior year. With sales of 71,300 units, the 
S-Class sedan continues to be the world’s best-selling luxury 
sedan. In total, we sold 75,400 vehicles in this market segment 
in 2019 (2018: 83,800). The Mercedes-Maybach luxury brand 
continued to be very successful. Our unit sales in the SUV seg-
ment were impacted by the model changes for the GLE and the 
GLS. Demand for the new models was much higher than the 
actual number of vehicles available. Unit sales, however, 
achieved the very high level of 789,800 vehicles (2018: 
829,200). In the summer of 2019, we also implemented a very 
successful model upgrade for the GLC and GLC coupe, both of 
which remain very popular. Sales of our sports cars rose by 
48% to 28,400 units; this increase was largely due to the mar-
ket success of our Mercedes-AMG GT models.

The sales development for the smart brand during the year 
under review was largely shaped by measures associated with 
the complete conversion of the smart to all-electric drive by 
2020. Within the framework of this changeover, the number of 
vehicles with combustion engines offered by smart was gradu-
ally reduced throughout the year. All in all, the smart brand 
sold a total of 107,100 fortwo and forfour models in approxi-
mately 40 markets worldwide in 2019 (2018: 130,000).

IAA 2019: on the road to an emission-free future
Mercedes-Benz’s appearance at the International Motor Show 
(IAA) in Frankfurt from September 10 to 22, 2019 was domi-
nated by the presentation of sustainable solutions for the 
future of mobility. Numerous world premieres at the event 
underscored the intention of the inventor of the automobile to 
continue designing and offering intelligent mobility solutions. 
The new Vision EQS show car, which celebrated its world pre-
miere at IAA 2019, embodies the flexible and customer-
focused vision of sustainability that the Mercedes-Benz EQ 
product and technology brand stands for. Also on display for 
the first time were new plug-in hybrid derivatives from 
Mercedes-Benz and the first all-electric multipurpose vehicle 
from the EQ brand. The GLB also had its auto show premiere, 
while smart, a pioneer for urban mobility, presented model 
upgrades of its electric city cars for the first time in Frankfurt.

The new Mercedes-Benz GLB – with up to seven seats
The Mercedes-Benz GLB had its world premiere on June 10, 
2019 in Utah in the United States. It was then presented for 
the first time at an auto show during the IAA in September 
2019. The new Mercedes-Benz GLB is a versatile SUV that can 
also function as a spacious family car. The GLB’s SUV attri-
butes are underscored by powerful proportions with short 

overhangs and an off-road-oriented design, as well as the 
optional 4MATIC all-wheel drive and a special off-road light 
that helps detect obstacles immediately in front of the vehicle 
at low speeds. The GLB is the first Mercedes-Benz in this seg-
ment available with seven seats as an option; the two seats in 
the third row can be used by people up to 1.68 meters tall.

The new Mercedes-Benz GLA – the entry-level model in  
the SUV family 
The new Mercedes-Benz GLA made its world premiere in digi-
tal form on the Mercedes me media platform. With its powerful 
and efficient four-cylinder engines, the latest driving assis-
tance systems with cooperative driver support, the intuitive 
MBUX (Mercedes-Benz User Experience) infotainment system 
and the comprehensive ENERGIZING comfort control system, 
the GLA boasts all the outstanding features of the latest gener-
ation of Mercedes-Benz compact vehicles. The model is also 
available with the optional 4MATIC permanent all-wheel drive 
system that features fully variable torque distribution.

Launch of first Mercedes-Benz model of the EQ brand 
Mercedes-Benz first presented its new product and technology 
brand for electric mobility at the Paris Motor Show in 2016.  
In mid-2019, the EQC (combined electricity consumption: 
20.8 – 19.7 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km)1 
became the first Mercedes-Benz vehicle to be launched under 
the EQ brand name. With its seamless and clear design and 
color highlights typical of the brand, the EQC is a trailblazer 
when it comes to an avant-garde electric appearance, while it 
embodies the design idiom of progressive luxury. In terms  
of quality, safety and comfort, the EQC is the Mercedes-Benz 
among electric vehicles and a car that makes a convincing 
impression in terms of the sum of its attributes. The model 
also boasts a highly dynamic performance, thanks to two elec-
tric motors at the front and the rear axle with a combined out-
put of 300 kW. The sophisticated operation strategy utilized for 
the EQC enables an electric range of 445 to 471 km according 
to the NEDC1. With Mercedes me, the EQ brand offers compre-
hensive services and makes electric mobility comfortable and 
practical for everyone. At the same time, the EQC symbolizes the 
start of a new mobility era at Daimler.

Series production of the EQC began in May 2019 at the 
Mercedes-Benz plant in Bremen. The new EQC is being inte-
grated into current production operations as an all-electric 
vehicle. The EQC is also now being produced for the Chinese 
market by the German-Chinese production joint venture,  
Beijing Benz Automotive Co. Ltd. (BBAC).

The EQC is part of a comprehensive electric offensive, as 
Daimler plans to offer more than ten all-electric models in the 
passenger car segment alone by 2022. In addition, the EQ 
brand offers a comprehensive electric mobility ecosystem of 
products, services, technologies and innovations.

Broad range of third-generation plug-in hybrid vehicles
Plug-in hybrids are a milestone on the road to zero-emission 
driving. Under the label EQ Power, Mercedes-Benz Cars is  
consistently forging ahead with the development of its plug-in 
hybrid vehicles. The hybrid drive systems in models with a  

1  Electricity consumption and range have been calculated on the basis of 

Commission Regulation (EC) No. 692/2008. Electricity consumption and 
range depend on vehicle configuration.

longitudinally installed engine – from the C-Class to the 
S-Class and from the GLC to the GLE – represent the third 
hybrid generation since the launch of the first hybrid vehicles 
in 2009. The current electric motor was redesigned for the 
9G-TRONIC plug-in hybrid transmission and operates accord-
ing to the principle of a permanently excited synchronous 
motor as an internal rotor. The combination with new and sig-
nificantly improved power electronics here has led to a sub-
stantial increase in power and torque density. The intelligent, 
route-based operating-mode strategy employed with the 
hybrid systems utilizes the electric drive program that’s best 
suited for a given route segment. This strategy takes into 
account factors including map data, topography, speed limits 
and traffic conditions for the entire planned route. In addition, 
the ECO Assistant system coaches the driver and helps con-
serve fuel. By the end of 2019, we had launched models from 
the compact-car family with the third-generation hybrid drive 
system for the first time. The EQ Power for the A-Class- and 
B-Class underscores the plug-in offensive launched by 
Mercedes-Benz. By the end of 2019, Mercedes-Benz already 
had more than ten plug-in hybrid models on offer – an attrac-
tive portfolio ranging from compacts to the Mercedes-Benz 
S-Class flagship model. Our goal here is to offer our customers 
well over 20 hybrid model variants by 2020.

Technology brand EQ: a comprehensive electric mobility 
ecosystem
One of the components of the EQ technology brand is a com-
prehensive electric mobility ecosystem, which includes a holis-
tic range of consulting and other services and encompasses 
everything from vehicle functions (e.g. adapted navigation sys-
tem) to the charging infrastructure. Mercedes me Charge 
offers customers access to one of the world’s largest charging 
networks with around 300,000 charging points and over 300 
different operators of public charging stations in Europe alone. 
Customers also benefit from an integrated payment function 
with simple billing features. Mercedes me Charge also allows 
customers to access the fast-charging stations operated by 
the pan-European IONITY network. The network’s short charg-
ing times make for a pleasant journey, especially over long dis-
tances. IONITY plans to build and operate around 400 fast-
charging stations along the main traffic arteries in Europe by 
the end of 2020. IONITY was established in November 2017  
as a joint venture between the BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford 
Motor Company and the Volkswagen Group with Audi and 
Porsche.

The Mercedes-Benz wallbox home unit with a charging capac-
ity of 11 kW makes it possible to charge EQ models much faster 
than from a household socket. Mercedes-Benz also works with 
market-specific charger installation partners to offer easy and 
rapid installation of the Mercedes-Benz wallbox as well as pro-
fessional advice on all aspects of electric mobility. DC charging 
via CCS (Combined Charging Systems) is even faster: CCS 
charging stations in Europe have a maximum charging capacity 
of 110 kW, which enables batteries to be charged from 10 to 80 
percent SoC (State of Charge) in less than 45 minutes.

VISION EQS: milestone on the road to the future
At its presentation at the 2019 IAA International Motor Show, 
Mercedes-Benz focused on the topic of sustainability as a  
key component of its brand philosophy and an important ele-
ment of its corporate strategy. The VISION EQS show car 
offers a preview of the large electric luxury sedans of the 
future. With the Vision EQS, Mercedes-Benz is making a clear 

C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS  161

statement that perfect craftsmanship, emotional design, luxu-
rious materials and individual driving pleasure will continue  
to be desirable attributes of automobiles in the future. With its 
innovative stretched “one bow” proportion, the VISION EQS 
takes the “Progressive Luxury” design philosophy of the EQ 
vehicles from Mercedes-Benz to a new level. The flowing yet 
powerful sculpture-like effect of the exterior design lends the 
show car the appearance of luxurious generosity and aerody-
namic beauty united in perfect harmony.

World’s first electric vehicle with fuel cell and plug-in 
hybrid technology delivered to selected customers
The Mercedes-Benz electric vehicle offensive also includes the 
GLC F-CELL (combined hydrogen consumption: 0.91 kg/100 
km, combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, combined electricity 
consumption: 18 kWh/100 km)2. This SUV can run on electric-
ity as well as hydrogen because it is equipped with a lithium-
ion battery with plug-in hybrid technology in addition to its fuel 
cell. Intelligent interplay between the battery and the fuel cell, 
as well as short refueling times, make the GLC F-CELL a 
dynamic and practical vehicle for long-distance travel. The first 
GLC F-CELL vehicles were delivered to selected customers in 
November 2018. Since the spring of 2019, additional business 
and private customers have been able to experience the new 
fuel cell technology by renting GLC F-CELL vehicles from 
Mercedes-Benz Rent at one of the seven GLC F-CELL outlets 
located throughout Germany. The GLC F-CELL is now available 
for short-term and long-term rental from the premium rental 
service from Mercedes-Benz.

The establishment of a full-coverage charging infrastructure is 
crucial for the success of electric mobility in Germany. 
Whether at home, at work, on the road, when shopping or at 
high speed on the highway – a variety of ways already exist to 
supply electric vehicles with power. Things also continue to 
move ahead when it comes to hydrogen infrastructure. For 
example, Daimler has drawn up a plan of action for hydrogen in 
Germany together with its partners in the H2 Mobility joint 
venture. During the year 2020, the network of hydrogen filling 
stations will probably grow to about 100 stations. The partners’ 
long-term goal is to establish a network consisting of as many 
as 400 hydrogen refueling stations. Similar infrastructure proj-
ects are being implemented in the rest of Europe, the United 
States and Japan.

Mercedes-Maybach: perfection blended with exclusivity
Mercedes-Maybach stands for the highest levels of exclusivity 
and individuality. The luxury brand, which was launched in 
November 2014, combines the perfection of the Mercedes-
Benz S-Class with the exclusivity of a Maybach. The brand’s 
first convertible was launched in the spring of 2017 in a limited 
edition of 300 units. A preview of the form the luxury brand 
might take in the future is offered by the concept cars Vision 
Mercedes-Maybach 6 and Vision Mercedes-Maybach 6 Cabrio-
let – a sensational coupe and a luxurious convertible. Due to 
the market success of our Mercedes-Maybach models, we plan 
to make the range even more attractive in the coming years.

2  Figures for hydrogen consumption, CO2 emissions and electricity con-
sumption have been calculated on the basis of Commission Regulation 
(EC) No. 692/2008. 

smart has been offering an all-electric variant for each model-
series generation since 2007. Now smart is switching system-
atically to locally emission-free, battery-electric drive-system 
technology. smart is the world’s first automobile brand to 
switch from combustion engines to electric drive systems 
across the board. The all-electric driving experience opens up 
a new dimension of driving enjoyment: instantly available 
torque, seamless acceleration – and nearly absolute silence as 
well. smart offers a comprehensive charging concept for its 
new electric models in order to make charging as easy as pos-
sible for drivers. If the optional 22 kW onboard charger with 
fast-charging capability is used, the new models can be 
recharged from 10% to 80% range in less than 40 minutes.

162  C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS

Mercedes-AMG: the sports-car and high-performance brand
The brand claim of “Driving Performance” reflects the two core 
competencies of Mercedes-AMG: the ability to provide an 
unparalleled driving experience and the ability to serve as a 
driving force in the high-performance segment. With more 
than 70 models, the Mercedes-AMG sports-car brand 
enhances the fascination of Mercedes-Benz and especially 
attracts young and sporty customers to the brand with the 
three-pointed star. This is also reflected by the development of 
sales of Mercedes-AMG vehicles: In the year under review, 
Mercedes-AMG set a new sales record by delivering more 
than 132,000 vehicles to customers. This outstanding sales 
growth was primarily driven by 13 new compact-vehicle vari-
ants in various output classes. These vehicles have expanded 
the product range to include additional attractive entry-level 
models for the driving performance segment. An all-new 2.0-
liter turbo engine – the world’s most powerful turbocharged 
four-cylinder engine for series production vehicles – is used in 
AMG’s most powerful compact models. The existing portfolio 
of vehicles has also been expanded to include updated models 
from the successful two-door AMG GT family and the GLC 
series. In addition, Mercedes-AMG now offers additional elec-
tric vehicles equipped with integrated EQ Boost technology. 
Here, a 16 kW (22 hp) starter-generator supplies power to the 
48-volt on-board electrical system, and the unit’s boost effect 
supports the combustion engine at low revolutions. The 
starter-generator was presented for the first time in combina-
tion with the 4.0-liter V8 biturbo engine at the end of 2019.

smart model upgrade: groundbreaking, digital, urban 
In September 2019 at the IAA International Motor Show in 
Frankfurt smart celebrated the world premiere of its com-
pletely revamped fortwo and forfour models (smart EQ fortwo 
with 4.6 kW onboard charger or optional 22 kW onboard char-
ger: combined electricity consumption: 16.5 –14.0 kWh/100 km, 
combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km. smart EQ fortwo cabrio 
with 4.6 kW onboard charger or optional 22 kW onboard com-
bined charger electricity consumption: 16.8 –14.2 kWh/100 km, 
combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km. smart EQ forfour with 
4.6 kW onboard charger or optional 22 kW onboard charger 
combined electricity consumption: 17.3 –14.6 kWh/100 km, CO2 
emissions combined: 0 g/km)1. Here, progressive design 
meets intelligent connectivity and pure battery-electric drive 
systems. As a result, the new smart fortwo coupe, convertible 
and forfour models offer a sustainable and comprehensive 
mobility concept. For the first time, the smart fortwo and for-
four have been given different exterior designs that create  
a visual distinction between the two model series. In addition, 
the future generation of the smart infotainment system will 
enable seamless smartphone integration and thus offer custom-
ers their familiar digital user environment in the vehicle.

1  Electricity consumption and range have been calculated on the basis of 

Commission Regulation (EC) No. 692/2008. Electricity consumption and 
range depend on vehicle configuration.

EQ power: Mercedes-Benz electric, F-CELL and plug-in hybrid models.

The smart EQ Control app and smart “ready to” services have 
also been further developed. In addition, an all-new user guid-
ance makes operating the services child’s play and turns any 
smart into a true connected car. For example, customers can 
use the smart EQ Control app to check their vehicle’s status 
from any location via a smartphone or Apple Watch. The “ready 
to” app also includes the “ready to share” digital service, which 
offers private carsharing options and thus makes mobility in 
cities more sustainable in general.

C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS  163

Joint venture with Geely: further development of the smart 
brand as a manufacturer of all-electric vehicles
At the end of March 2019, Daimler and the Zhejiang Geely 
Holding Group reached an agreement to establish a 50-50 
joint venture for the further development of the smart brand. 
Under this agreement, the two partners will jointly design and 
develop the next generation of smart electric models, which 
will be manufactured in China for the world market. Global 
sales are scheduled to begin in 2022. The joint venture will 
exploit global synergies and economies of scale in order to 
offer customers premium products of outstanding quality and 
thus strengthen the smart brand’s position as a supplier of 
electric vehicles.

164  C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS

Expansion of activities in China
Sales of Mercedes-Benz brand cars in China totaled 694,200 
units in the year under review (+2%), which means China was 
Mercedes-Benz Cars’ largest single market for the fifth consec-
utive year in 2019. Around three fourths of the vehicles we sell 
there were manufactured locally at facilities operated by our 
Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd (BBAC) joint venture with our 
local partner BAIC. In view of the further growth potential 
offered by the Chinese market, Daimler and BAIC announced 
back in 2018 that they would jointly invest more than RMB 11.9 
billion (approximately €1.5 billion) in a second BBAC produc-
tion facility in Beijing. The expansion of localization is to enable 
Daimler to respond even more effectively to increasing market 
demand by offering local models especially tailored to Chinese 
customers’ needs, including electric vehicles from the 
Mercedes-Benz EQ brand. The local presence of the Mercedes-
Benz brand in China is being continuously expanded with the 
help of a broad portfolio that currently encompasses ten 
locally manufactured cars and vans. The all-electric Mercedes-
Benz EQC off-road vehicle (power consumption combined: 
20.8 –19.7 kWh/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 0 g/km1, 
has been manufactured in Beijing since the end of 2019.

Global production network – smart manufacturing
The Mercedes-Benz Cars division is continuously developing 
its production network of more than 30 locations on four conti-
nents by implementing forward-looking smart manufacturing 
methods. Here, innovative state-of-the-art technologies are 
enhancing and safeguarding production quality, efficiency and 

flexibility, while also offering effective support to workers at 
our plants. “Factory 56” at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Sin-
delfingen is an impressive example of this. The factory of the 
future is already a reality here. A completely new infrastructure 
is being implemented in Factory 56. The entire production hall 
has a Wi-Fi system and a mobile telephone network and com-
municates with its surroundings. The production hall is distin-
guished by its especially flexible and sustainable production 
facilities with state-of-the-art Industry 4.0 technologies. For 
example, the hall obtains its energy from CO2-neutral sources 
that include a photovoltaic system installed on the roof. Fac-
tory 56 also creates a new modern world of work that focuses 
on employees and takes their individual requirements even 
more strongly into account than previously. Factory 56 will 
serve as a blueprint for all future vehicle assembly operations 
at Mercedes-Benz Cars worldwide.

The global production network is also being systematically 
aligned with electric mobility. For example, electric vehicles 
from the EQ product and technology brand are manufactured 
within the framework of normal series production on the same 
lines used to produce vehicles with conventional combustion 
or hybrid drive systems. Production of the first all-electric vehi-
cle from the EQ product and technology brand is already under 
way at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Bremen and at our BBAC 
joint venture plant in Beijing. In parallel with this, a global bat-
tery production network is being established. This network 
already comprises nine plants at seven locations on three con-
tinents. All in all, the company is investing more than €1 billion 

C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ CARS  165

equipped with the new brand presence. By the end of 2019, 
200 of these had already been opened. Plans call for 25 per-
cent of worldwide car sales to be processed by Mercedes-Benz 
and its sales partners via online channels by 2025. The 
Mercedes me ID is becoming the key component of the cus-
tomer experience, as it allows for very easy access to numer-
ous features and services. Mercedes-Benz created the basis 
for the further development of sales operations in line with 
current customer requirements back in 2013 when it estab-
lished “Best Customer Experience.” Since then, the company 
and its retail partners have invested several hundred million 
euros each year in its refinement around the globe.

Mercedes me – digital premium services in the vehicle  
and beyond
The Mercedes me digital ecosystem – a key component for 
shaping the future of Mercedes-Benz – is now available in 
nearly 50 countries. Mercedes me consists of a wide range of 
mobility-related digital services in and around the vehicle. 
These services can be digitally accessed at any time using a 
personal account, the Mercedes me ID. The average activation 
rate of the Mercedes me service for new Mercedes-Benz vehi-
cles is over 90%. This shows how important it is to Mercedes-
Benz drivers that their cars are connected and that drivers 
expect to enjoy all the digital services and offerings that such 
connection makes possible. Highlights from the Mercedes me 
range of services include the On-Street and Off-Street parking 
display system with a parking payment service, the Live Traffic 
Information real-time traffic service including car-to-x commu-
nication, Mercedes me in Car Store, and “Hey Mercedes” natu-
ral speech recognition with support from artificial intelligence.

Mercedes me services are also available for our EQ models – 
or in some cases are being developed especially for them. They 
include Mercedes me Charge for access to public charging sta-
tions in Europe, China and Japan which will soon be expanded 
to other regions. In addition, the EQ Ready app helps drivers 
decide whether it makes sense for them to switch to an elec-
tric vehicle or a hybrid model.

#ATeamComeTrue: sixth consecutive double title in the 
Formula 1 series
The Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport Formula 1 team cele-
brated another record-setting year in 2019 by becoming the 
first racing team in the history of the Formula 1 series to cap-
ture both the World Constructors’ Championship and the World 
Drivers’ Championship for six consecutive years. It takes  
more than extraordinary drivers to achieve this type of suc-
cess; you also need to have the right combination of outstand-
ing technology and exceptional team spirit. In another develop-
ment, a new chapter in the 125-year history of motorsports at 
Mercedes-Benz began in November 2019, when the Mercedes-
Benz EQ Formula E team made its debut in the Formula E rac-
ing series. Our participation in the all-electric Formula E series 
enables us to demonstrate the performance capability of our 
intelligent battery-electric drive systems, while also adding an 
emotional component to the EQ brand. Mercedes-AMG Cus-
tomer Racing, with its more than 100 customer teams, can also 
look back on a very successful season in 2019.

Whether with automated driving or new services:
connectivity and digitization play a crucial role.

in a global battery manufacturing network that is part of 
Mercedes-Benz Cars’ global production network. Local produc-
tion of batteries is an important success factor for the electric 
mobility offensive at Mercedes-Benz Cars, and also the crucial 
element that enables us to meet the global demand for electric 
vehicles flexibly and efficiently. Within the framework of its 
electricity offensive, Mercedes-Benz Cars is not only focusing 
on locally emission-free vehicles but is also moving ahead to 
ensure sustainable and environmentally friendly production 
operations worldwide. For example, plans call for production at 
Mercedes-Benz Cars plants in Europe to be CO2-neutral by 
2022.

Best Customer Experience 4.0
In July 2019, Mercedes-Benz presented the next chapter of its 
“Best Customer Experience” global sales strategy. With “Best 
Customer Experience 4.0,” Mercedes-Benz is systematically 
aligning its sales activities with changing customer require-
ments in the digital age. “Best Customer Experience 4.0” is 
designed to offer customers a seamless and comfortable expe-
rience of luxury whenever they would like to come into contact 
with Mercedes-Benz – across all channels, at all times and 
from any location. At the same time, physical sales via its 
6,500 partners worldwide will remain indispensable for 
Mercedes-Benz. For this reason, Mercedes-Benz is seamlessly 
linking the physical sales channel with digital channels and 
redesigning the former through the use of innovative store and 
dealership concepts. Since the beginning of 2018, some 500 
physical sales outlets worldwide have been planned or already 

166     C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER TRUCKS

Daimler Trucks

In a generally favorable market environment, Daimler Trucks achieved a return on sales of 6.1% in 
the 2019 financial year (2018: 7.2%). This was partially due to lower unit sales and increased costs. 
In the short to medium term, Daimler Trucks expects demand in its core markets in Europe and 
the United States to continue to normalize, and this trend should continue until 2021. Around the 
world, we have outstanding products, strong brands and technologies, and a clear strategy that 
focuses on global market presence, global platforms, innovation leadership and sustainability. We 
see our challenge in improving profitability while investing in the future, in order to utilize the 
potential of truck markets that are changing but which offer long-term growth. We intend to gener-
ate global growth and earnings prospects especially in the market for heavy-duty trucks. In 
 addition, we see great long-term business potential in highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) travel-
ing on highways between logistics hubs.

C.03
Daimler Trucks

€ amounts in millions 

Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property,  
plant, and equipment

Research and development  
expenditure
thereof capitalized

Production

Unit sales
Employees (December 31)1

2019

2018

19/18

Change in %

40,235

2,463

6.1

38,273

2,753

7.2

971

1,105

1,490 
53

481,946

488,521

83,437

1,295 
40

524,846

517,335

82,676

+5

-11

.

-12

+15 
+33

-8

-6

+1

1    Adjustment of the number of employees in 2018 due to changes in 

the Group’s internal allocation of employees.

C.04
Unit sales Daimler Trucks

In thousands

Total

EU30

thereof  Germany

United Kingdom

France

NAFTA region

thereof  United States

Latin America (excluding Mexico)

thereof  Brazil

Asia

thereof  Japan

Indonesia

For information purposes:

BFDA (Auman Trucks)

Total (including BFDA)

2019

2018

19/18

Change in %

489

80

31

6

9

201

174

43

30

135

42

39

86

575

517

85

33

8

9

190

161

38

21

165

44

64

103

621

-6

-7

-4

-27

-1

+6

+8

+12

+39

-18

-4

-39

-17

-7

Lower unit sales and EBIT, stable revenue
Daimler Trucks sold 488,500 vehicles in 2019, achieving a vol-
ume slightly below that of the previous year (2018: 517,300). 
The markets relevant for Daimler Trucks generally developed 
very disparately. In the second half of the year, demand in 
North America weakened significantly faster than expected, and 
the European truck market contracted in the second half of  
the year. These developments already had an impact on the 
division’s earnings in the fourth quarter. Revenue of €40.2 billion 
was above the prior-year level (2018: €38.3 billion). EBIT of 
€2.5 billion was lower than last year (2018: €2.8 billion). Return 
on sales also decreased to 6.1% (2018: 7.2%).

Unit sales 6% lower than in the previous year
Daimler Trucks achieved sales of 488,500 vehicles in 2019, 
which is a slight decrease compared with the previous year 
(2018: 517,300).

Over the year as a whole, the truck market in classes 6 to 8 in 
the NAFTA region was still slightly above the high prior-year 
level, although a weakening of demand was apparent in the 
fourth quarter. Our sales of 201,100 trucks in the region were 
once again slightly higher than the high prior-year number 
(2018: 189,700). In classes 6 to 8, we had a market share of 
37.0% (2018: 38.4%). We continued to maintain our market 
leadership. The new Freightliner Cascadia with partially auto-
mated driving functions (SAE Level 2) had its world premiere  
as a series-produced truck at the Consumer Electronics Show 
(CES) in Las Vegas in January 2019. The system can indepen-
dently brake, accelerate and steer, and allows partially auto-
mated driving. In the future, customers in Australia and New 
Zealand will also be able to operate the new Freightliner Cas-
cadia. The new model was presented to customers and  
media representatives in Sydney in November. And with the 
Detroit DD15 Gen 5 at the North American Commercial 
 Vehicle Show 2019 in Atlanta, Daimler Trucks presented for the 
first time the latest generation of the globally applied heavy-
duty engine platform (HDEP). As of 2021, this engine is to be 
available in the North American market in the class 8 segment.

On the basis of the global platform strategy, the next- 
generation engines are planned to be used also in trucks of  
the Mercedes-Benz sister brand.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER TRUCKS     167

The new Mercedes-Benz Actros provides appropriate responses to 
issues such as safety, fuel efficiency and availability with innovations 
like the multimedia cockpit, mirror cams, further developed safety 
systems and partially automated driving functions. 

168     C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER TRUCKS

We significantly increased our unit sales in Brazil, achieving 
growth there of 39% compared with the previous year to sell 
29,700 trucks. The market share of our Mercedes-Benz brand 
trucks developed positively. In the medium- and heavy-duty 
segment, we increased our market share to 29.2% (2018: 27.9%) 
and achieved market leadership. In October 2019, the new 
Actros from Brazilian production was presented at Fenatran, 
one of the largest commercial-vehicle and transport trade  
fairs in Latin America. The heavy-duty truck has been further 
developed especially for the Latin American market and uses 
technologies and platforms available worldwide, such as mirror 
cams that replace rear-view and wide-angle mirrors and  
help to enhance safety, vehicle handling and aerodynamics. 
The new Actros is scheduled for market launch in 2020 and  
will set new standards for efficiency, safety and connectivity.

In the EU30 region (European Union, Switzerland and Norway), 
the truck market weakened perceptibly in the second half  
of the year following the significant impact of purchases being 
brought forward in the first half. Our total sales in the region 
decreased slightly to 79,800 units (2018: 85,400). The 
Mercedes-Benz brand maintained its market leadership in the 
heavy- and medium-duty segment, although our market  
share decreased to 20.0% (2018: 20.6%). Production of the new 
Mercedes-Benz Actros started at the Wörth plant in May 2019. 
One of the major new features of the Actros is Active Drive 
Assist, with which Mercedes-Benz puts partially automated 
driving in all speed ranges into series production. With the new 

Actros, Mercedes-Benz shows the level of safety that is possible 
on today’s roads. Since January 2020, this heavy-duty truck’s 
standard equipment in Europe includes Active Brake Assist 5 
(ABA 5), the latest generation emergency braking system 
with pedestrian recognition. Truck journalists from 24 Euro-
pean countries voted the Mercedes-Benz Actros as “Interna-
tional Truck of the Year.” For this award, expert jurors evaluate 
both technical innovations and further developments, as  
well as innovations that have a direct influence on overall cost-
effectiveness, safety or environmental compatibility. The 
award was presented at the international trade fair Road & 
Urban Transport Solutions (Solutrans) in Lyon.

In Asia, demand for trucks in Indonesia and India clearly 
declined during 2019, and our sales in the region also decreased 
significantly to 135,200 units (2018: 164,700). This develop-
ment was particularly pronounced in Indonesia, where our unit 
sales fell by to 39,100 vehicles (2018: 64,200). In India, we 
sold 14,500 vehicles and were thus also significantly below the 
high unit sales of the previous year (2018: 22,500). With the 
BharatBenz brand, we achieved a market share of 5.8% (2018: 
6.0%). Since the beginning of the export business, more than 
25,000 export vehicles have been produced in India. The plant 
in Chennai is an integral component of the worldwide produc-
tion network of Daimler Trucks & Buses. In the context of the 
planned introduction of the new Bharat Stage VI emissions 
standard, the plant is to gain further importance as a global 
export hub. Trucks are then to be delivered to countries such  

Fully electric with batteries and fuel cells: By the year 2039, Daimler 
Trucks & Buses aims only to offer new vehicles that are locally 
CO2-neutral in driving operation (tank-to-wheel) in its core markets  
of Europe, Japan and the NAFTA region. 

C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER TRUCKS     169

as Mexico, Chile and Brazil, where comparable emission stan-
dards apply. In the Japanese truck market, we sold 42,200 
units in the year 2019, slightly fewer than in the previous year 
(2018: 44,000). Since October 2019, the FUSO Super Great 
heavy-duty truck has been available with partially automated 
driving functions (SAE Level 2).

Sales of 86,200 units of Auman trucks, which are produced  
in China by our joint venture Beijing Foton Daimler Automotive 
Co., Ltd. (BFDA), were significantly lower than the prior-year 
volume (2018: 103,400). In the middle of the year, the new 
Auman EST-A heavy-duty truck was launched in the Chinese 
market with the locally produced Mercedes-Benz OM457 
engine.

First trials of trucks with automated driving on public 
roads
Daimler Trucks and Torc Robotics, a pioneer in the field  
of autonomous driving, entered into a partnership last year to 
market highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) in the United 
States. In this context, we acquired a majority interest in Torc 
Robotics that we then placed into Daimler Trucks’ Autono-
mous Technology Group, in which all expertise and activities 
relating to automated driving were brought together in June 
2019. With the new unit, Daimler Trucks intends to bring highly 
automated trucks (SAE Level 4) to market maturity within a 
decade. The development sites of the global organization cur-
rently include Blacksburg and Portland in the United States 

and Stuttgart in Germany. The development of software for 
highly automated driving is one of the main areas of activity of 
the Autonomous Technology Group. Another is a truck chassis 
that is perfectly suited for highly automated driving and which 
can contribute to enhanced reliability and safety through  
the interaction between various systems. The infrastructure 
and network for the operational use of such vehicles, which 
will be set up by the Autonomous Technology Group, consists 
of a main control center for the vehicles and additional stations 
at the logistics nodes. Together with Torc Robotics, the devel-
opment and testing of highly automated trucks (SAE Level 4) on 
defined routes on public roads began in Virginia, USA, in 2019. 
With Detroit Assurance 5.0 featuring Active Lane Keeping Assist 
in the new Freightliner Cascadia and with Active Drive Assist  
in the new Mercedes-Benz Actros and the new FUSO Super Great, 
we already put semi-automated driving functions into our 
 production vehicles in 2019. The new system can support the 
driver in all speed ranges with braking, accelerating and 
 steering. This is based on the intelligent combination of radar 
and camera information.

Supply agreement for global battery modules for 
 series-produced trucks
Daimler Trucks & Buses and the battery producer Contemporary 
Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) entered into a global 
supply agreement for battery modules in 2019. CATL is a world 
leader for the development and production of lithium-ion 
 batteries. The agreement relates to battery modules for trucks 

170     C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER TRUCKS

including the Mercedes-Benz eActros, Freightliner eCascadia 
and Freightliner eM2. Daimler Trucks & Buses is responsible 
for developing the battery systems and will also assemble 
the battery packs at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Mannheim, 
 Germany, and at the US plant in Detroit, Michigan.

Electric trucks from all segments in customer use
The Mercedes-Benz eActros heavy-duty truck has been in 
intensive customer use in the context of the eActros Innovation 
Fleet since 2018. The aim is to achieve clean and quiet distri-
bution transport in urban areas, even with heavy-duty trucks, 
from 2021 onwards. With the FUSO brand, Daimler continued 
to gain experience with electric trucks in various markets  
in 2019. The FUSO eCanter, for example, is in use with large 
commercial customers such as Penske in the United States.

Fully electric light trucks are already in customer hands also  
in important European markets such as Germany, the United 
Kingdom, the Netherlands and Portugal, as well as in Japan. 
The FUSO eCanter had its world premiere in September 2017 
and has since then been delivered to numerous customers 
worldwide. Data is currently being collected together with cus-
tomers and feedback is being given on the daily use of the 
vehicle, route profiles and charging behavior. The FUSO eCanter 
is produced in Kawasaki, Japan, and Tramagal, Portugal. And  
at the 2019 Tokyo Motor Show, we presented the prototype of 
the FUSO Vision F-Cell light-duty truck. This is FUSO’s con-
cept of an electric truck that uses power from a fuel cell as an 
optional range extender. The first heavy-duty Freightliner 
eCascadia started trials with customers in 2019. The US cus-
tomers Penske Truck Leasing and NFI Industries are testing  
the eCascadia, having already started testing the medium-duty 
all-electric Freightliner eM2 in the previous year. Findings  
from the global practical tests will flow directly into the ongo-
ing development of the next generation of our worldwide 
 electric product portfolio.

E-consulting as an entry into electric mobility
Daimler Trucks & Buses’ E-Mobility Group is launching a 
 comprehensive ecosystem for e-transport logistics to enable 
our customers to make the best possible entry into electric 
mobility. This includes a comprehensive range of consulting 
services and the development of a suitable charging infrastruc-
ture for electric trucks. In addition to personal and individual 
advice, the modular service also includes digital applications 
that make it easier to get started with e-mobility. The initial 
focus will be on the European, North American and Japanese 
markets.

Increasing role of data-based and connected services
In 2019, Daimler Trucks made progress with important devel-
opments in the field of data-based and connected services.  
At the North American Commercial Vehicle Show 2019, Daimler 
Trucks for the first time presented a dynamic leasing solution 
that is focused on a truck’s operational performance: Dynamic 
Lease is a pay-as-you-drive leasing service for trucks. The 
leasing installments for a truck are based on the actual use of 
the vehicle. In addition to a standard contractual basic fee, the 
customer is only charged for the miles actually driven. Cus-
tomers in North America can use this telematics-based financ-
ing option as of the first quarter of 2020, initially for the new 
Freightliner Cascadia with an integrated Detroit powertrain.

Together with partners, our developer engineers have been 
working to enable trucks to communicate independently with 
other machines and to carry out legally binding transactions 
such as payments. In a pilot project in 2019, Daimler Trucks 
experts created the required conditions for this with the newly 
developed digital Truck ID and the related Truck Wallet.

Trucks can identify themselves to other machines with the 
Truck ID as if with a built-in identity card, and can sign for pro-
cesses unambiguously. Truck Wallet functions as a platform 
technology and central user program for all applications that 
access Truck ID and use it for various purposes. Truck ID and 
Truck Wallet, which are both still in the prototype stage, are 
stored as software programs in a cryptographic processor.  
The processor is part of Truck Data Center, the central telemat-
ics control unit of the new Mercedes-Benz Actros.

Anyone who gets behind the wheel of a new Actros or Arocs 
with Multimedia Cockpit Interactive is just a click away from 
a fully connected world of vehicles, drivers and logistics: 
Starting last year, the new Actros and the new Arocs offer an 
open platform for the use of apps. When purchasing a truck 
with Multimedia Cockpit Interactive, the customer not only 
acquires a vehicle, but also gains access to the Mercedes-Benz 
Truck App Portal. This can then be used for the customer’s 
entire fleet, including third-party vehicles. Previously, new hard-
ware and software usually had to be installed in the cab to  
put fleet-management or transport-management systems into 
a truck.

C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ VANS  171
C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ VANS  171

Mercedes-Benz Vans

Mercedes-Benz Vans continued along its growth path during the year under review and set a new 
record for unit sales. Revenue was also higher than in the previous year. Growth at the division was 
mainly driven by our new Mercedes-Benz Sprinter. Our future-oriented “adVANce” initiative has 
allowed us to move ahead with the transformation of Mercedes-Benz Vans from a successful global 
van manufacturer into a supplier of holistic system solutions for transportation and mobility. At 
minus €3.1 billion, EBIT was significantly lower than the figure for the previous year. This development 
was due to numerous special items that had a substantial impact on the division’s earnings.

New record for unit sales
Mercedes-Benz Vans set a new sales record once again in 
financial year 2019, with an increase of 4% on the previous year’s 
figure to 438,400 units. At €14.8 billion, revenue was also 
higher than in the previous year (2018: €13.6 billion). EBIT was 
minus €3,085 million, which was significantly lower than in 
 the previous year (2018: plus €312 million). This decline was 
primarily due to governmental and court proceedings and 
 measures relating to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles, as well as 
a review and prioritization of the product portfolio. The return 
on sales amounted to -20.8% (2018: +2.3%).

Continued growth
Mercedes-Benz Vans’ products continued to be very successful 
in 2019. Our Sprinter, Vito and Citan vans are tailored mainly  
to commercial customers, while the V-Class is designed primar-
ily for private use. The X-Class is targeted at a variety of both 
private and commercial customers.

Sales of 298,100 units in the EU30 region, our core market, 
were slightly higher than in the previous year (2018: 278,300). 
We sold 121,300 units in Germany in the year under review 
(2018: 107,300). Mercedes-Benz Vans continued to grow also in 
the NAFTA region, where sales increased by 11% to 56,500 units. 
This included a new record of 45,700 vans sold in the United 
States (2018: 38,700).

At 18,600 units (2018: 18,700), sales in Latin America were at 
the same level as in the previous year. At 29,500 units (2018: 
29,100), sales in China were also at the prior-year level. Unit 
sales declined significantly from the previous year’s figures in 
Russia and in the difficult market environment in Turkey.

At 231,500 units, global sales of Sprinter models were signifi-
cantly higher than in the previous year (2018: 206,300). Sales of 
vans in the mid-size segment remained at the prior-year level, 
totaling 172,400 units in 2019 (2018: 172,200), while sales of 
Vito models amounted to 109,300 units in the year under 
review (2018: 108,300). We sold 63,100 V-Class multipurpose 
vehicles in 2019 (2018: 63,900). Meanwhile, sales of the 
Mercedes-Benz Citan reached 20,700 units (2018: 26,300). 
X-Class sales totaled 13,800 units in the year under review 
(2018: 16,700).

C.05
Mercedes-Benz Vans

€ amounts in millions

Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property,  
plant and equipment

Research and development 
expenditure
thereof capitalized

Production

Unit sales
Employees (December 31)1

2019

2018

19/18

% change

14,801

-3,085

-20.8

240

543
96

13,626

312

2.3

468

666
176

425,887

438,386

21,346

440,314

421,401

21,810

+9

.

.

-49

-18
-45

-3

+4

-2

1  Adjustment of the number of employees in 2018 due to changes in 

the Group’s internal allocation of employees.

C.06
Unit sales Mercedes-Benz Vans

Total

EU30

thereof Germany

NAFTA

thereof United States

Latin America  
(excluding  Mexico)

Asia

thereof China

Other markets

2019

2018

19/18

% change

438,386

298,056

121,296

56,470

45,654

18,638

38,562

29,450

26,660

421,401

278,269

107,267

50,851

38,741

18,735

38,779

29,068

34,767

+4

+7

+13

+11

+18

-1

-1

+1

-23

172  C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ VANS

The new Mercedes-Benz V-Class
The upgraded V-Class had its world premiere at the beginning 
of 2019. The Mercedes-Benz multipurpose vehicle now has  
a redesigned front end that is even more stylish and dynamic 
than before. With the introduction of the OM654 four-cylinder 
diesel engine, the 9G-TRONIC automatic transmission, which  
is now available for the first time, and upgraded safety and 
assistance systems including Active Brake Assist, the V-Class 
is equipped with state-of-the-art technology. The update  
has also benefited the camper vans from the Marco Polo family 
that are based on the V-Class. We started series production  
of the new V-Class at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Vitoria 
(Spain) in May 2019.

Decision on the successor model to the Citan small van
Mercedes-Benz will systematically continue its engagement in 
the small-van segment in cooperation with the Renault-Nissan-
Mitsubishi Alliance, and the brand has also now decided on  
the successor model to its Citan urban delivery van, which has 
been available since 2012. Plans also call for an all-electric 
 version to be added to the Mercedes-Benz Vans portfolio.

Future-oriented “adVANce” initiative
With its future-oriented “adVANce” initiative, Mercedes-Benz 
Vans is evolving from a manufacturer of globally successful 
vans into a provider of holistic system solutions for transporta-
tion and mobility. The division is thus a pioneer of its sector. 
adVANce combines activities in various areas and comprises 
six innovation fields: digital@Vans, solutions@Vans, rental@
Vans, sharing@Vans, eDrive@Vans and autonomous@Vans. We 
are employing a customer-oriented co-creation approach to 
involve our customers in the development process at an early 
stage. Here, we are combining our six innovation fields in order 
to develop new business models and tailored solutions that  
are adapted to our customers’ respective sectors.

eDrive@Vans played a major role in our activities in 2019.  
For example, Mercedes-Benz Vans presented the Concept EQV 
at the Geneva International Motor Show in March. This was  
followed in August by the world premiere of our first battery-
electric multipurpose vehicle in the premium segment: the 
Mercedes-Benz EQV (combined electricity consumption:  
27.0 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, prelimi-
nary figures)1. The second member of the EQ family combines 
locally emission-free mobility with impressive driving perfor-
mance, a range suited to today’s needs, fast charging, out-
standing functionality and aesthetic design. Technical highlights 
include a range of up to 405 kilometers1 and fast charging  
of the vehicle’s high-voltage battery from 10 to up to 80% in less 
than 45 minutes. The Mercedes-Benz EQV also offers exten-
sive interior comfort and a high degree of flexibility. The EQV is 
a series-produced vehicle that is fully integrated into normal 
production operations at our plant in Vitoria in northern Spain, 
where the V-Class and Vito are also built. This arrangement 
allows flexible and synergistic production that can accommo-
date fluctuations in customer demand. One of the components 
of the EQ technology brand is a comprehensive electric 
mobility ecosystem, which the Mercedes-Benz EQV benefits 
from as the youngest member of the EQ family. This ecosystem 
includes a holistic range of consulting and other services  
and encompasses everything from vehicle functions (e.g. an 
adapted navigation system) to an effective charging infra-
structure. Series production of the eSprinter began at the end 
of 2019 at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Düsseldorf.

1  Figures for electricity consumption and range are provisional and were 

determined by the technical service for certification according to UN/ECE 
Regulation 101. EC type approval and certification of conformity with 
 official figures are not yet available. There may be differences between the 
stated figures and the official figures. 

Mercedes-Benz EQV (combined electricity consumption: 27.0 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, preliminary figures)1

C | THE DIVISIONS | MERCEDES-BENZ VANS  173

A revolutionary mobility concept as a response to questions  
of the future: At the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las 
Vegas in January, Mercedes-Benz Vans presented Vision 
URBANETIC, a concept van that opens up new perspectives for 
autonomous driving. Vision URBANETIC is designed to  
enable the needs-based, sustainable and efficient movement 
of people and goods, and it also meets the needs of cities, 
companies from a wide range of industries, and travelers and 
commuters in innovative ways. This visionary concept is  
based on an autonomously driving, electrically powered chassis 
that can be fitted with various bodies for transporting either 
passengers or goods. The fully connected vehicle is part of an 
ecosystem in which the mobility wishes of logistics companies, 
local public transport operators and private customers are 
transmitted digitally. All of this creates new possibilities for the 
efficient utilization of resources.

older fleet vehicles to use Mercedes PRO connect services and 
thus benefit from the innovative world of connectivity. Mercedes-
Benz Vans Rental specializes exclusively in vans and offers its 
customers maximum flexibility with respect to vehicle changes 
and return times at around 120 stations at present. The van 
rental fleet covers the entire range of Mercedes-Benz Vans prod-
ucts with a mix of standard and sector-specific vehicles. These 
include the all-electric eVito, in addition to a large number of 
rental vehicles with special bodies for the transport of passen-
gers and goods. Efficient material logistics is a key success 
factor for service technicians in particular. “In-Van Delivery & 
Return” allows dispatchers and service technicians to easily 
assign material logistics tasks to professional logistics compa-
nies. The latter can then deliver required parts and compo-
nents directly to a van at night for use the next day – and can 
also pick up materials that are no longer needed.

In addition to manufacturing our products, we create digital 
services for and with our customers. We also work continuously 
to develop forward-looking innovations that will enable in the 
future us to meet increasing transport requirements faster and 
more efficiently, and in a more environmentally friendly man-
ner. To this end, the digital@Vans initiative at Mercedes-Benz 
Vans has been developing digital solutions for various busi-
ness sectors; Mercedes-Benz Vans presented a range of related 
services in October 2019. Here, Mercedes PRO serves as the 
umbrella brand for all digital and non-digital services and solu-
tions for daily business operations. Mercedes PRO connect  
for vehicle fleets optimizes communication between fleet man-
agers, vehicles and drivers. This connectivity solution makes  
it possible to manage assignments online and call up vehicle 
status information such as location, fuel levels, and mainte-
nance intervals in nearly real time. A new feature here is the 
possibility of integrating the Mercedes PRO adapter into the 
system world of Mercedes PRO connect. The Mercedes PRO 
adapter is our compact hardware solution that also allows 

With its Onboard Logic Unit (OLU), Mercedes-Benz Vans has 
developed an innovative control unit for the transport sector. 
The OLU enables effective interaction between hardware  
and software. Among other things, it connects vehicles to the 
cloud, thereby enabling a high degree of flexibility and the 
establishment of links between different functions. This simpli-
fies technical access and the management of live vehicle 
data – even for users without any vehicle-specific or technical 
expertise. In turn, this makes it possible for third parties to 
develop applications more quickly and easily and to implement 
them in vehicles. In order to ensure the security of systems 
and data, these applications are provided only for specific func-
tions and cannot be used for any other purpose.

Various major orders received
Electric mobility is also becoming increasingly important in 
large fleets that are used for passenger transportation. This 
fact is confirmed by the various major orders Mercedes-Benz 
Vans received in the year under review. In Hamburg, for exam-
ple, the first of 20 eVito series-production vans and eSprinter 
pilot vehicles were delivered to Hermes Germany in February 
2019. Hermes is Mercedes-Benz Vans’ first major business 
customer to begin using electric commercial vehicles across 
the board. The “BerlKönig” on-demand ride-pooling service, 
which is offered by ViaVan and Berlin’s BVG public transport 
company, has been operating the eVito Tourer in its fleet  
since July 2019. Mercedes-Benz Vans also received a major 
order from the Netherlands for 80 eVito Tourers (electricity 
consumption in the combined test cycle: 24.2 – 20.2 kWh/ 
100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0g/km)2. ISS Communica-
tion Services GmbH ordered 225 Mercedes-Benz Vito vans, 
which it will use for maintenance operations on the mobile-
phone network throughout Germany. ROM Technik (Rudolf 
Otto Meyer Technik GmbH & Co. KG) will operate a new fleet  
of approximately 480 Mercedes-Benz vans all across Germany 
in the future. The first of these vehicles were handed over to 
the company at the Mercedes-Benz Commercial Vehicles Cen-
ter in Bremen in July. In October 2019, Schlienz-Tours GmbH & 
Co. KG, an expert for regular service bus operation and coach 
tours, took delivery of the first of what will be a fleet of  
105 Mercedes-Benz Vito, Sprinter, V-Class and eVito vehicles.

2  Electricity consumption was determined on the basis of Directive 
692/2008/EC. Electricity consumption is dependent on vehicle  
configuration, in particular on the selected maximum speed limitation.

174  C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER BUSES

Daimler Buses

In 2019, business developments at Daimler Buses benefited from growing demand and increased 
unit sales in key markets. Our unit sales and revenue continued to increase in this environment and 
the division’s EBIT was slightly above the prior-year level. As the market leader in its most important 
traditional core markets, Daimler Buses focuses on future-oriented and sustainable city and intercity 
buses and touring coaches, as well as bus chassis. Its portfolio also includes innovative mobility 
solutions. In 2019, Daimler Buses was once again well positioned as a future-oriented manufacturer 
with technologically leading products such as the eCitaro, new digital services such as OMNIplus 
ON, and a strong and enhanced production network. Such products and services make an important 
contribution to sustainable passenger transport and the further development of public transporta-
tion systems.

C.07
Daimler Buses

€ amounts in millions

Revenue

EBIT

Return on sales (in %)

Investment in property,  
plant and equipment

Research and development 
expenditure
thereof capitalized

Production

Unit sales
Employees (December 31)1

2019

2018

19/18

% change

4,733

4,529

283

6.0

134

203
23

265

5.9

144

199
41

32,257

32,612

17,960

31,233

30,888

17,729

+5

+7

.

-7

+2
-44

+3

+6

+1

1  Adjustment of the number of employees in 2018 due to changes in 

the Group’s internal allocation of employees.

C.08
Unit sales Daimler Buses

Total

EU30

thereof Germany

Latin America  
(excluding Mexico)

thereof Brazil

Mexico

Asia

Other markets

2019

2018

19/18

% change

32,612

30,888

9,283

3,041

15,646

11,394

2,627

3,400

1,656

9,284

2,902

13,681

8,778

3,236

3,172

1,515

+6

-0

+5

+14

+30

-19

+7

+9

Slight increase in unit sales
Daimler Buses sold 32,600 buses and bus chassis worldwide  
in financial year 2019 (2018: 30,900). The slight increase was due 
in particular to the noticeable recovery of the market in Brazil, 
ongoing strong demand in our important EU30 market and sub-
stantial sales growth in Argentina. A market-related decrease 
in demand in Turkey had a negative impact on our unit sales. The 
division was able to maintain its market leadership in its most 
important traditional core markets (EU30, Brazil, Argentina and 
Mexico). Revenue increased by 5% to €4.7 billion and EBIT  
of €283 million was slightly higher than in the previous year 
(2018: €265 million). Return on sales was 6.0% (2018: 5.9%).

Varied business development in the core regions
In the EU30 region, the Daimler Buses brands Mercedes-Benz 
and Setra offer a complete range of city buses, intercity buses 
and touring coaches, as well as bus chassis in certain markets. 
Due to continued high demand for our complete buses, sales  
in this region amounted to 9,300 units, which equaled the high 
figure recorded in the prior year (2018: 9,300). Daimler Buses 
defended its leading market position in the EU30 region with a 
market share of 27.5% (2018: 29.0%). At 3,000 units, sales in 
Germany were 5% higher than in the previous year. However, 
sales in Turkey were significantly lower than in the previous 
year (2018: 300) due to the country’s economic situation, which 
remains difficult. The market situation in Latin America 
(excluding Mexico) improved further on account of the notice-
able market recovery in Brazil. Sales of Mercedes-Benz bus 
chassis in Brazil rose by 30% to 11,400 units. We were able to 
strengthen our leading market position in Brazil with a market 
share of 53.8% (2018: 51.6%). Sales of 1,600 units in Argentina 
were significantly above the prior-year level (2018: 1,300), 
despite a significantly contracting market in the country. We 
sold 1,600 units in India, thus equaling the previous year’s 
sales (2018: 1,600). Sales of 2,600 units in Mexico were signifi-
cantly lower than in the previous year (2018: 3,200).

C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER BUSES  175
C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER BUSES  175

The all-electric Mercedes-Benz eCitaro offers municipalities and transportation 
companies the option of changing over their fleets to locally emission-free operation.

176  C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER BUSES

Complete e-mobility system from Daimler Buses offers 
practical public transport solutions
Daimler Buses offers its customers tailor-made solutions for 
locally emission-free public transport by providing them with a 
complete system for electric mobility that consists of the 
Mercedes-Benz eCitaro and a broad range of consulting services. 
The battery-electric Mercedes-Benz eCitaro, which has been 
manufactured in series production at the Mannheim plant since 
2018, offers cities and transport companies the possibility  
of converting their fleets to locally emission-free operation. The 
battery-powered city bus therefore stands for environmentally 
friendly public transport and helps to improve air quality, and 
thus the quality of life, in urban areas.

The orders received for the eCitaro already number in the 
 hundreds, which demonstrates the high level of customer 
acceptance of the electric bus. As a result, in 2019, Daimler 
Buses received a number of major orders for the Mercedes-
Benz eCitaro, such as those comprising 56 units for Wiesbaden, 
48 for Hanover, 27 for Aachen and 25 for Hamburg. The first 
orders from European cities outside Germany for the battery-
electric eCitaro buses were also received. Today, eCitaro  
buses are already in regular service in cities including not only 
Berlin and Hamburg but also Oslo, Ystad (Sweden) and 
St. Gallen (Switzerland).

We plan to continuously refine the eCitaro in order to make  
the bus even more practical for regular service operation in cities. 
Depending on its intended use, the eCitaro can currently  
be ordered with as many as 12 battery packs. This results in a 
range of up to 170 kilometers in typical city driving conditions 
on a single battery charge. A further model variant of the 
eCitaro – an articulated bus that can accommodate up to 145 
passengers – will be launched in 2020. Plans have already 
been made to convert the eCitaro to the use of new technolo-
gies such as powerful lithium-ion batteries and solid-state 
 batteries in the coming years.

Because the electrification of bus fleets requires transport 
companies to make major changes, Daimler Buses’ overall 
e-mobility system also includes a comprehensive customer-
advisory approach. More specifically, the e-Mobility Con-
sulting team defines individual operation scenarios by taking 
into account route length, passenger volume, energy require-
ments, range calculations and charging management, among 
other things. Customers receive service support as well –  
in the form of eco-training courses for drivers, for example.

Range extension by means of fuel cells is being funded by 
a national innovation program
Daimler Buses is making use of an intelligent combination of 
batteries and fuel cells as it continues to develop the battery-
electric Mercedes-Benz eCitaro city bus. This will enable  
the vehicle range to be further increased by using a fuel cell to 
generate electricity from hydrogen stored onboard the vehicle. 
The development of this technology is being funded by the 
 German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure 
within the framework of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technol-
ogy National Innovation Program. The objective of the program 
is to support the market launch of initial products needed  
for the implementation of hydrogen and fuel-cell systems in 
various application areas.

Launch of online shop for bus spare parts
OMNIplus ON, the digital service portal from Daimler Buses, 
has launched its integrated online shop for replacement  
bus parts. The new OMNIplus eShop offers the entire range of 
parts for the Mercedes-Benz and Setra brands. In addition, 
because the system is fully incorporated into the OMNIplus ON 
customer portal, it already knows the specific fleet belonging 
to the person or company that places an order.

Numerous major orders received
Daimler Buses received a large number of major orders in the 
year under review. In Poland, for example, Daimler Buses  
was able to sign contracts for delivery of 48 Mercedes-Benz 
Citaro city buses to Gdańsk and 50 Citaro G articulated  
buses to Wrocław. A transportation company in Austria took 
delivery of 64 Mercedes-Benz city buses for the Vienna 
 metropolitan area. The EMT Madrid transport company in the 
Spanish capital is already successfully operating several 
 hundred Mercedes-Benz Citaro NGT buses equipped with gas-
eous-fuel drive systems. This number is to be increased 
through an additional major order for up to 672 environmen-
tally friendly city buses in 2020. During the year under  
review, Daimler also received a major order from Bucharest, 
Romania for a total of 130 low-floor Citaro hybrid city  
buses. The city of Essen in Germany renewed its city bus fleet 
with the purchase of 45 Citaro hybrid buses, while the city  
of Trier signed an agreement for delivery of 90 Mercedes-Benz 
Citaro city buses. Daimler Buses also began fulfilling a  
major order for Hamburg by delivering the first of a total of 60 
CapaCity L buses to the city. Daimler Buses also obtained 
major orders in other markets around the globe, including an 
order for 44 Euro VI chassis for delivery to Sydney, Australia. 
Daimler Buses is to deliver a total of 147 buses to Montevideo, 
the capital city of Uruguay, by the end of 2020. Finally, the  
Bus Rapid Transit System in Santiago de Chile placed a major 
order with Daimler Buses for delivery of 490 buses to the 
 Chilean capital.

Award-winning products from Daimler Buses
Two models from Daimler Buses received an ETM Award in the 
2019 readers’ survey conducted by the EuroTransportMedia 
(ETM) commercial vehicles publishing company. The Mercedes-
Benz eCitaro and the Mercedes-Benz Citaro LE/Ü/hybrid 
 captured first place in the electric bus and intercity bus cate-
gories, respectively. The battery-electric Mercedes-Benz 
eCitaro, the Mercedes-Benz Citaro hybrid and the Setra Top-
Class S 531 DT double-decker bus were all selected by the  
jury for the “internationaler busplaner Nachhaltigkeitspreise” 
(International ‘Busplaner’ Sustainability Awards) as the  
best buses in their respective categories. Daimler Buses was 
also presented with three awards at the Busworld Europe 
 international bus show in Brussels. The eCitaro received the 
“Sustainable Bus Award 2020 ” in the “Urban” category  
from an international jury, which also awarded the Setra S 531 
DT double-decker bus and the Mercedes-Benz eCitaro  
the “Comfort Label.” In addition, the Mercedes Benz eCitaro 
achieved an outstanding second-place finish in the “BEST  
OF mobility 2019 ” readers’ survey.

C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER MOBILITY  177

Daimler Mobility

The number of cars and commercial vehicles financed or leased by Daimler Mobility reached a new 
all-time high of more than 5.4 million at the end of financial year 2019. New business and contract 
volume developed positively, while EBIT amounted to €2,140 million. The latter figure includes 
effects from the consolidation of the mobility services of the Daimler Group and the BMW Group. 
Since they were established, the mobility joint ventures have developed a strong customer base  
and had more than 90 million customers at the end of 2019. Daimler Mobility expects the combi nation 
of sales financing with brokered automotive insurance policies to continue gaining importance.  
In addition, we aim to utilize new market potential as a result of our greater efficiency in traditional 
sales channels and the digitization of customer contact systems and fleet management operations.

Half of all Daimler vehicles delivered to customers are 
financed or leased
Daimler Mobility concluded 2.0 million new financing and leas-
ing contracts worth a total of €74.4 billion in 2019. The total 
value of all new contracts was thus slightly above the prior-year 
level (+3%). About half of all new-vehicle sales by our auto-
motive divisions in 2019 were supported by sales financing from 
Daimler Mobility. In total, more than 5.4 million financed or 
leased vehicles were on the books at the end of 2019 with a 
total contract volume of €162.8 billion; this represents a 6% 
increase compared with the end of 2018. Adjusted for exchange-
rate effects, contract volume increased by 4%. EBIT amounted 
to €2,140 million (2018: €1,384 million). The division’s return 
on equity was 15.3% (2018: 11.1%).  C.09 

Europe region: new business slightly higher than in 2018
Daimler Mobility concluded 978,000 new financing and leasing 
contracts worth €32.5 billion in the Europe region (+2%). New 
business developed especially well in Switzerland (+27%) and 
Spain (+8%). In Turkey, new business decreased sharply (-50%) 
due to the ongoing difficult economic situation in that country. 
In Germany, Mercedes-Benz Bank’s new business remained 
stable at €13.3 billion (+1%). Daimler Mobility’s total contract 
volume in Europe rose by 5% to €67.2 billion. A total of 425,000 
contracts were on the books at Athlon and Daimler Fleet 
 Management in Europe at the end of 2019. This corresponds to 
a contract volume of €7.0 billion.

Significant growth in the Americas region
Daimler Mobility brokered 492,000 new financing and leasing 
contracts worth €24.4 billion in the Americas region in 2019 
(+9%). The volume of new business developed very positively in 
the United States (+9%). Contract volume in the Americas of 
€59.6 billion at December 31, 2019 was 6% higher than at the 
end of 2018.

Africa & Asia-Pacific region and China: new business at 
prior-year level
With a volume of €8.3 billion, new business in the Africa & 
Asia-Pacific region (excluding China) remained more or less at 
the prior-year level (+2%). Business growth was especially 
strong in South Africa (+21%) and Japan (+10%). New business 
decreased significantly in Australia (-9%). At the end of 2019, 
contract volume in the Africa & Asia-Pacific region (excluding 
China) amounted to €19.5 billion, representing a slight increase 
of 7% over the previous year. New business decreased moder-
ately in China, however, where we concluded 310,000 new 
leasing and financing contracts and financing contracts worth 
€9.2 billion in 2019 (-4%). At the end of 2019, contract volume  
in China amounted to €16.5 billion – an increase of 7% com-
pared with the end of 2018.

Further growth in the insurance business
Daimler Mobility brokered approximately 2.4 million insurance 
policies in 2019 – an increase of 5% compared to the prior  
year. Business developments were particularly positive in China 
(+23%), Germany (+2%) and Russia (+13%). The focus of the 
insurance sales is on the digitization of the dealer and customer 
interfaces and of the operational processes for further growth.

C.09
Daimler Mobility

€ amounts in millions

2019

2018

19/18

% change

Revenue

EBIT

Return on equity (in %)

New business

Contract volume

Investment in property, plant 
and equipment

28,646

26,269

2,140

15.3

1,384

11.1

74,377

71,927

162,843

154,072

87

64

Employees (December 31)

12,680

14,070

+9

+55

.

+3

+6

+36

-10

178  C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER MOBILITY

Daimler Financial Services AG renamed  
Daimler Mobility AG
On July 23, 2019, Daimler Financial Services AG began operat-
ing under the name Daimler Mobility AG, acting as the provider 
of services in the fields of financing, leasing, insurance and 
fleet management for the entire Daimler Group. In addition, the 
Daimler Mobility division is a strategic investor in the mobility 
services of the YOUR NOW joint venture network such as ride 
hailing, multimodal platforms, car sharing, parking and charg-
ing. The mobility ecosystem is rounded out by flexible-use 
services from Daimler Mobility such as Mercedes-Benz Rent 
(rental vehicles) and Mercedes me Flexperience (a car-on-
demand solution).

MBUX system or the Mercedes me app. After the driver leaves 
the parking space, the actual parking fee is shown on the 
MBUX display and payment is made to the parking garage 
operator via Mercedes pay. In addition, drivers can use  
the Mercedes-Benz parking card to digitally register their entry 
into and exit from selected parking garages throughout Ger-
many by means of an RFID chip. This eliminates the frequent 
need to maneuver the vehicle around in order to grasp the 
parking ticket, as well as the need to walk to an automated pay 
station. Users of Daimler’s Bertha app can also compare  
fuel prices and pay for fuel at approximately 400 selected fuel 
stations in Germany via smartphone. Mercedes pay provides 
the integrated payment solution for the app.

Mobility “from years to minutes”
With its three core activities of financial services, fleet 
 management systems and digital mobility solutions, Daimler 
Mobility is able to meet a broad range of customer require-
ments for everything from multi-year financing, leasing, and 
insurance contracts to flexible fleet management services  
and mobility on demand solutions such as car sharing. Daimler 
Mobility offers its customers mobility solutions for a period  
of several years or just for a few minutes – “from years to min-
utes” as we put it.

CoverOn: new short-term insurance for greater mobility
Daimler Insurance Services has developed a new digital insur-
ance solution that serves as a component of personal mobility. 
CoverOn allows policyholders to temporarily insure additional 
drivers of a vehicle for a short period in a fast and easy way. 
The period of cover can range from 30 minutes to 27 days. The 
package includes CoverOn roadside assistance, which offers 
customers assistance in the event of a breakdown. The insur-
ance purchase and payment processes are completely digital – 
all it takes is a smartphone.

New app enables paperless purchase of vehicle insurance
Mercedes-Benz Bank also continues to move ahead with  
the digitization of the customer experience. A newly developed 
bank app makes it possible for dealerships and licensed 
Mercedes-Benz partners to issue insurance policies for 
Mercedes-Benz cars and vans in a completely paperless process. 
The app takes customers and dealership staff step by step 
through the application process, in which customers only have 
to provide basic information. The app quickly and conveniently 
generates a quote, which also contains a QR code that  

Daimler Mobility AG and Geely Technology Group  
have started StarRides, a premium ride-hailing service,  
in the Chinese metropolis Hangzhou.

Our range of financial services includes financing, leasing, and 
insurance. Our goals are to increase demand for the Group’s 
brands and to strengthen customer loyalty. During the year 
under review, our financial services business focused on the 
digitization of the customer experience and the optimization of 
structures and processes. To this end, Daimler Mobility 
 established four regional competence centers (Digital Solution 
 Centers) in Stuttgart, Beijing, Farmington Hills (United States) 
and Singapore. These centers are responsible for meeting the 
various requirements of our customers and our automotive 
divisions, and for moving ahead with the systematic digitization 
of our financial services operations. More than 40 agile project 
teams developed approximately 50 new products in 2019. One 
project involved the development of a new scalable customer 
portal that has already been launched in 12 European markets. 
Numerous new digital self-service functions, such as auto-
matic user registration, new contract overviews, and installment 
and term reductions have significantly increased both cus-
tomer satisfaction and our own efficiency. Daimler Mobility 
also continues to consistently move ahead with the digitization 
of business processes in China. For example, the share of 
paperless processing of credit applications has now reached 
92% in the Chinese market. In addition, the integrated online 
self-service portal for WeChat is now being used by as many 
as 100,000 customers per month.

Mercedes pay: expansion of e-payment activities
During the year under review, Daimler Mobility’s global e-pay-
ment competence center developed additional solutions for 
payment processing and also integrated the Daimler Group’s 
Mercedes pay digital e-payment platform into numerous Group 
applications. Mercedes pay manages payments made via the 
MBUX multimedia system from Mercedes-Benz. The fee-based 
Mercedes me connect services that are integrated into the 
MBUX system, such as in-car office functions (including auto-
matic dial-up into conference calls and updating of appoint-
ment calendars), can be purchased using Mercedes pay, which 
can also be utilized to renew expired services. Mercedes pay 
makes paying parking fees much more convenient as well. 
Drivers can launch the parking payment process via the in-car 

the dealership and the customer can use to access the policy 
information at a later time. If the customer chooses to  
purchase insurance, the subsequent transaction is also com-
pletely digital.

Dynamic Lease: a telematics-based financing option
Daimler Mobility has launched a new truck-leasing solution: 
Dynamic Lease makes it possible for the first time to use 
telematics systems to record the actual distance driven by a 
truck. This in turn enables leasing rates for customers to be 
 precisely aligned with their actual use of the vehicle. In con-
ventional truck leasing, customers need to estimate their  
total mileage over the leasing period before the contract is 
signed. If they exceed their estimate, they have to make  
an additional payment when the leasing period ends. With 
Dynamic Lease, customers are billed monthly for the 
 kilometers they actually drive, along with a standard basic  
fee. The variable leasing rates (“pay-as-you-drive” principle)  
are ideal for companies with seasonal business fluctuations.

Expanded product portfolio for telematics services
Mercedes-Benz Connectivity Services GmbH has expanded its 
portfolio of products that allow its telematics services to be 
used by different brands. The company is offering a hardware 
retrofit solution that enables fleet managers to utilize tele-
matics services with any make of car. Along with existing posi-
tioning services, this solution now includes for the first time 
new dynamic vehicle data such as fuel consumption and dis-
tance driven. Among other things, the provision of real-time 
odometer and diagnostic data can enable anticipatory mainte-
nance scheduling and reduce vehicle downtimes. All of  
this translates into big savings potential for fleet operators.

C | THE DIVISIONS | DAIMLER MOBILITY  179

ChangeMyCar: leasing app now with an e-bike option
The fleet management services provider Athlon, which is part 
of Daimler Mobility, has expanded its flexible ChangeMyCar 
leasing app to include an e-bike that can be rented along with 
each vehicle leased. The app’s mobility budget can be used  
to combine both modes of transport. The addition of e-bikes to 
the app reflects the changing preferences of customers,  
who are increasingly demanding more multimodal mobility 
solutions.

YOUR NOW: mobility joint ventures continue to grow
Daimler AG and the BMW Group have combined their mobility 
services in the YOUR NOW joint ventures. An agreement to  
this end was concluded on January 31, 2019. Since their estab-
lishment, the range of mobility services from BMW and 
Daimler has built up a strong customer base. At the end of 
2019, more than 90 million customers were using the  
mobility services provided by the joint ventures for ride hailing, 
multimodal platforms, car sharing, parking and battery 
 charging. As of January 1, 2020, the products and services of 
the joint ventures had been further systematically aligned  
with customer requirements and consolidated into three pillars:  
1. FREE NOW & REACH NOW. 2. SHARE NOW. 3. PARK NOW & 
CHARGE NOW.

StarRides: joint venture established for premium 
ride-hailing services in China
Daimler Mobility AG and Geely Technology Group have estab-
lished a 50:50 joint venture for a premium ride-hailing service  
in China. The new company, known as StarRides, has its head-
quarters in Hangzhou, where it started offering a ride-hailing 
service with premium automobiles in December 2019. The fleet 
consists of 100 vehicles, including Mercedes-Benz S-Class, 
E-Class and V-Class models, as well as premium models from 
the Geely electric fleet.

Daimler Mobility AG and Geely Technology Group  

have started StarRides, a premium ride-hailing service,  

in the Chinese metropolis Hangzhou.

D

Corporate
Governance

The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG  
are committed to the principles of good corporate governance. Our  
actions take place within the framework of responsible, transparent  
and sustainable corporate governance. 

D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | CONTENTS  181 

D | Corporate Governance

Report of the Audit Committee 

182 – 184

–  Responsibilities and composition 
–  Meetings and participants 
–  Topics dealt with 

Declaration on Corporate Governance, 
Corporate Governance Report 

185 – 195

–   Declaration of compliance with the German 

Corporate Governance Code                                         185

 D & O insurance deductible for the  
Supervisory Board                                                         

–   Corporate government in practice                                 186

  The German Corporate Governance Code 
  Principles of our actions 
  Guidelines for behaving with integrity 
  What we expect of our business partners 
  Risk management at the Group 
  Accounting principles 

–   Composition and mode of operation of the  

Board of Management                                                    187

  Board of Management 
  Diversity 

–   Composition and mode of operation of the  

Supervisory Board and its committees                         188            

  Supervisory Board 
  Presidential Committee 
  Nomination Committee 
  Audit Committee 
  Legal Affairs Committee 
  Mediation Committee 

–   Law for the equal participation of women and men  

in executive positions                                                    191

–   Overall requirements for the composition of the 

Board of Management and the Supervisory Board       191

  Board of Management 
  Supervisory Board 

–  Shareholders and Shareholders’ Meetings                   195

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182  D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

Report of the Audit Committee 

Dear Shareholders,

As Chairman of the Audit Committee, I am very pleased to 
report to you on the tasks and activities performed by that 
body in financial year 2019.

Responsibility
On the basis of applicable law, the German Corporate Gover-
nance Code and the Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory 
Board and its committees, the Audit Committee deals primarily 
with questions of accounting, financial reporting and non-
financial reporting. In addition, it deals with the annual audit 
and reviews the qualifications and independence of the exter-
nal auditors. Furthermore, it discusses the effectiveness and 
functional capabilities of the risk management system, the 
internal control system, the internal auditing system and the 
compliance management system. After the external auditors 
are elected by the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, the Audit 
Committee engages the external auditors to conduct the 
annual audit and the auditors’ review of interim financial state-
ments, determines the important audit issues and negotiates 
the audit fees with the external auditors. The Audit Committee 
also commissions the external auditors to carry out a voluntary 
examination of the non-financial report within the framework 
of a limited assurance engagement.

Equal representation
Audit Committee Chairman Dr. Clemens Börsig and Joe Kaeser 
served as the shareholder representatives on the Audit Com-
mittee in financial year 2019. Both are independent and have 
expertise in the field of financial reporting, as well as special 
knowledge of and experience in the auditing of financial state-
ments and the application of methods of internal control. Dur-
ing financial year 2019, the employees were represented on the 
Audit Committee by Michael Brecht as the Deputy Chairman of 
the Committee and by Ergun Lümali.

Meetings and participants
The Audit Committee met six times in financial year 2019. All of 
these meetings were also attended by the Chairman of the 
Supervisory Board, Dr. Manfred Bischoff, as a permanent 
guest. The other permanent participants in the meetings were 
the Chairman of the Board of Management, the members of 
the Board of Management responsible for Finance and Control-
ling and for Integrity and Legal Affairs, and the external audi-
tors. The heads of specialist departments such as Accounting, 
Internal Auditing, Compliance and Legal were also present to 
report on individual items of the agenda.

In addition, the Chairman of the Audit Committee held regular 
individual discussions, for example with the aforementioned 
members of the Board of Management, the external auditors, 
the Head of Internal Auditing, the Head of Compliance and, if 
required, the heads of other specialist departments.

Reporting to the Supervisory Board
The Chairman of the Audit Committee informed the Supervi-
sory Board about the activities of the Committee and about the 
contents of its meetings and discussions in the following 
Supervisory Board meetings.

Topics in 2019
In the meeting held on February 5, 2019, the Audit Committee 
dealt with the preliminary figures of the annual financial state-
ments and the annual consolidated financial statements for the 
year 2018, as well as with the proposal on the appropriation of 
profits made by the Board of Management. Following an in-
depth review, the Audit Committee took positive note of the 
presented figures and determined that no objections were to 
be made to their proposed publication. The Committee further 
recommended that the Supervisory Board, which met immedi-
ately thereafter, adopt the same view. The preliminary key fig-
ures and the proposal on the appropriation of profits were 
announced at the Annual Press Conference on February 6, 
2019.

In another meeting held on February 13, 2019, the Audit Com-
mittee dealt with the annual financial statements, the consoli-
dated financial statements and the combined management 
report for Daimler AG and the Daimler Group for financial year 
2018, each of which had been issued with an unqualified audi-
tor’s opinion by the external auditors, as well as with the pro-
posal on the appropriation of profits. During the meeting, the 
Audit Committee focused in particular on the key audit matters 
described in each audit opinion and on the audit approach 
applied in each case, including the conclusions drawn. The 
Audit Committee also reviewed and discussed the non-finan-
cial report, for which an auditor’s report was issued in accor-
dance with ISAE 3000. The external auditors reported on the 
results of their audit and the voluntary review of the non-finan-
cial report within the framework of a limited assurance engage-
ment, and were also available to answer supplementary ques-
tions and to provide additional information. The audit reports 
on the annual company and consolidated financial statements 
(including the combined management report) and the internal 
control system, the report concerning the non-financial report, 
and important issues related to accounting were discussed 

D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE  183

Dr. Clemens Börsig, Chairman of the Audit Committee

with the external auditors. In addition, the Audit Committee 
also discussed the risk management system. Following an in-
depth review and discussion, the Audit Committee recom-
mended that the Supervisory Board approve the financial 
statements, the combined management report, the declaration 
on corporate governance included in the corporate governance 
report, the non-financial report, and the Board of Manage-
ment’s proposal on the appropriation of profits, which involved 
the payment of a dividend of €3.25 per share entitled to a divi-
dend. Furthermore, the Audit Committee approved the Report 
of the Audit Committee for the financial year 2018.

In this meeting, the Audit Committee also discussed the report 
on the total fees paid to the external auditors in financial year 
2018 for auditing and non-auditing services and defined the 
framework of approval for engaging the external auditors to 
provide non-audit services during the period January 1, 2019 to 
February 15, 2020. The Audit Committee also decided to rec-
ommend to the Supervisory Board, and subsequently to the 
Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, that KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprü-
fungsgesellschaft be engaged to conduct the annual external 
audit and the external auditors’ review of interim financial 
reports for financial year 2019 and also to conduct the external 
auditors’ review of interim financial reports for financial year 
2020 in the period leading up to the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting in 2020. The Audit Committee based this recommen-
dation on the quality of the annual audit and the results of the 
independence review, for which no indications of partiality or a 
threat to independence were found. Subject to the election of 
the proposed external auditors by the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting, the Audit Committee also discussed the proposal to 
be made regarding the fees to be agreed upon with the exter-
nal auditors for financial year 2019. Finally, within the frame-
work of its responsibility, the Audit Committee dealt with the 
agenda for the 2019 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting and the 
annual audit plan for 2019 of the Internal Auditing department.

In the meetings during 2019 related to the quarterly results, 
the Audit Committee discussed the interim financial reports 
before their publication with the Board of Management and 

with the external auditors engaged to carry out the auditors’ 
review of interim financial statements. In addition, the Commit-
tee received reports from the Internal Auditing, Compliance 
and Legal departments. The Board of Management reported 
regularly to the Audit Committee on the current status of the 
main legal proceedings, including antitrust proceedings as well 
as inquiries, investigations, proceedings and administrative 
orders in connection with diesel emissions. In addition, the 
Audit Committee regularly dealt with notifications concerning 
possible violations of rules submitted by employees and third 
parties to the Group’s own whistleblower system BPO (Busi-
ness Practices Office).

The meeting of the Audit Committee in April 2019 dealt with 
the interim financial report for the first quarter of 2019 and the 
quarterly reports from the Compliance and Legal departments. 
The Audit Committee also approved the fees agreed upon with 
the external auditors for financial year 2019 that had been pro-
posed to the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. However, this was 
done subject to the auditors’ election on May 22, 2019. More-
over, the Audit Committee decided to propose to the Supervi-
sory Board that it have the contents of the non-financial report 
for 2019 voluntarily reviewed again with limited assurance.

In its meeting in June 2019, the Audit Committee discussed 
aspects of the Group’s risk management system and dealt in 
particular with its changes and further development. It also 
discussed the methods and processes of, and changes to, the 
internal control system. Adjustments had to be made in partic-
ular due to the decision by the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 
on May 22, 2019 to create a new corporate structure (“Project 
Future”). In this meeting, the Committee also defined planning 
measures and the key audit issues for financial year 2019. In 
addition, the Audit Committee extensively investigated current 
accounting issues. These include the statements by the Euro-
pean Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) concerning the 
uniform electronic reporting system as well as the methodol-
ogy for evaluating the existing fleet of leased vehicles, includ-
ing diesel-powered ones. The meeting was also used to discuss 
the results of the internal quality analysis of the external audit 

184  D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

for financial year 2018. Lastly, the Audit Committee learned 
about the implementation of the central financial risk manage-
ment system and of the pension management in the new cor-
porate structure. Thereafter, the Committee took note of a 
report about current tax-related issues, in particular concern-
ing the punitive tariff risk posed by international trade dis-
putes.

In the meeting held in July 2019, the Audit Committee dealt 
mainly with the results of the second quarter of 2019, when the 
earnings expectations were readjusted two times. As part of 
its risk reporting activities, the Audit Committee mainly 
addressed legal proceedings as well as production and tech-
nology-related risks. In addition, the Committee received quar-
terly reports from the Compliance, Internal Auditing and Legal 
departments. Finally, the Audit Committee discussed with the 
Board of Management the annual report produced by the 
Group’s Data Protection Officer.

In the meeting held in October 2019, the Audit Committee 
dealt with the interim financial report for the third quarter of 
2019 and the quarterly reports from the Compliance and Legal 
departments. In addition, the Committee conducted its annual 
review of the authorized non-audit services provided by the 
external auditors and also decided to retain the current cata-
logue of authorized non-audit services.

Company and consolidated financial statements 2019
In a meeting held on February 10, 2020, the Audit Committee 
dealt with the preliminary figures of the annual financial state-
ments and the annual consolidated financial statements for the 
year 2019, as well as with the proposal on the appropriation of 
profits made by the Board of Management. Following an in-
depth review, the Audit Committee took positive note of the 
presented figures and determined that no objections were to 
be made to their proposed publication. The Committee further 
recommended that the Supervisory Board, which met immedi-
ately thereafter, adopt the same view. The preliminary key fig-
ures and the proposal on the appropriation of profits were 
announced at the Annual Press Conference on February 11, 
2020.

In another meeting on February 19, 2020, the Audit Committee 
reviewed and discussed in detail the annual financial state-
ments, the consolidated financial statements and the com-
bined management report for Daimler AG and the Daimler 
Group for financial year 2019, each of which had been issued 
with an unqualified auditor’s opinion by the external auditors, 
as well as the proposal on the appropriation of profits and the 
non-financial report, which was issued with a report in accor-
dance with ISAE 3000. At the meeting, the external auditors 
reported on the results of their audit and focused in particular 
on the key audit matters and the audit approach applied in 
each case, including the conclusions drawn. They also 
reported on the voluntary review of the non-financial report 
within the framework of a limited assurance engagement and 
were available to answer supplementary questions and to pro-
vide additional information. The audit reports on the annual 
financial statements and consolidated financial statements 
(including the key audit matters in the audit opinions) and on 
the internal control system, the report concerning the non-
financial report for 2019 and important issues related to finan-
cial reporting were discussed with the external auditors. In 
addition, the Audit Committee also discussed the risk manage-
ment system. Following an in-depth review and discussion, the 
Audit Committee recommended that the Supervisory Board 
approve the financial statements, the combined management 
report, the declaration on corporate governance included in 
the corporate governance report, the non-financial report and 
the recommendation of the Board of Management to pay a divi-
dend of €0.90 per share entitled to a dividend. Furthermore, 
the Audit Committee approved the Report of the Audit Com-
mittee for financial year 2019.

Efficiency review
As in previous years, the Audit Committee conducted a self-
evaluation of its own activities in 2019 on the basis of an 
extensive company-specific questionnaire. The results of this 
efficiency review were once again very positive and were pre-
sented and discussed in the meeting on February 19, 2020. 
This did not result in any need for action with regard to the 
Committee’s tasks, or with regard to the content, frequency or 
procedure of its meetings.

Stuttgart, February 2020

The Audit Committee

Dr. Clemens Börsig 
Chairman

 
D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  185

Declaration on Corporate Governance, 
Corporate Governance Report

The Declaration on Corporate Governance pursuant to Section 289f and Section 315d of the 
 German Commercial Code (HGB) has been combined for Daimler AG and the Daimler Group as well 
as with the Corporate Governance Report. The following statements thus apply to Daimler AG  
and the Daimler Group insofar as not otherwise stated. The Declaration on Corporate Governance, 
which is combined with the Corporate Governance Report, can also be viewed on the Internet at 
w daimler.com/dai/dcgc. Pursuant to Section 317 Subsection 2 Sentence 6 of the German Com-
mercial Code (HGB), the purpose of the audit of the statements pursuant to Section 289f Sub-
sections 2 and 5 and Section 315d of the HGB is limited to determining whether such statements 
have actually been provided.

Maximum number of supervisory board memberships for 
members of the management board of a listed corporation 
(Clause 5.4.5 Paragraph 1 Sentence 2). In accordance  
with this recommendation, the management board of a listed 
corporation shall not accept more than a total of three super-
visory board memberships in non-group listed corporations or 
on supervisory bodies of non-group entities that make similar 
requirements. Whether the number of supervisory board mem-
berships held by a member of the management board of a 
listed corporation still seems appropriate should, however, be 
assessed more appropriately on a case-by-case basis than 
with a rigid upper limit. The individual workload expected for a 
member of a management board as a result of the total 
 number of memberships held does not necessarily increase in 
proportion to their number.

Stuttgart, December 2019

For the Supervisory Board 

Dr. Manfred Bischoff 
Chairman 

 For the Board of 
Management
Ola Källenius
Chairman

This declaration and previous, no longer applicable, declara-
tions of compliance from the past five years are also available 
at our website at w daimler.com/dai/dcgc.

Declaration by the Board of Management and 
the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG pursuant 
to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation 
Act (AktG) regarding the German Corporate 
Governance Code

Daimler AG satisfies the recommendations of the German 
 Corporate Governance Code published in the official section of 
the German Federal Gazette on April 24, 2017 in the Code ver-
sion dated February 7, 2017, with the exception of Clause 3.8 
Paragraph 3 (D&O insurance deductible for the Supervisory 
Board) and Clause 5.4.5 Paragraph 1 Sentence 2 (maximum 
number of supervisory board memberships for members of the 
management board of a listed corporation) and will continue  
to observe the recommendations with the aforesaid deviations. 
Since the issuance of the updated compliance declaration  
in September 2019, Daimler AG has observed the recommen-
dations of the German Corporate Governance Code, with the 
two aforementioned exceptions.

D&O insurance deductible for the Supervisory Board 
(Clause 3.8, Paragraph 3) As in previous years, the Directors’ 
& Officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) also contains  
a provision for a deductible for the members of the Supervisory 
Board, which is appropriate in the view of Daimler AG. How-
ever, this deductible does not correspond to the legally required 
deductible for members of the Board of Management in the 
amount of at least 10% of the damage up to at least one and a 
half times the fixed annual remuneration. Since the remu-
neration structure of the Supervisory Board is limited to func-
tion-related fixed remuneration without performance bonus 
components, setting a deductible for Supervisory Board mem-
bers in the amount of 1.5 times the fixed annual remuneration 
would have a disproportionate economic impact when com-
pared with the members of the Board of Management, whose 
compensation consists of fixed and performance bonus com-
ponents.

186  D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT

The main principles applied in our corporate 
governance

The German Corporate Governance Code
Beyond the legal requirements of German stock corporation, 
codetermination and capital market legislation, Daimler AG has 
followed and continues to follow the recommendations of  
the German Corporate Governance Code (“Code”) in the Code 
version dated February 7, 2017, with the exceptions disclosed 
and justified in the declaration of compliance.

The deviation from Clause 5.4.5 Paragraph 1 Sentence 2 of the 
Code relates to Joe Kaeser’s exceeding the maximum number  
of memberships on supervisory boards recommended therein 
for management board members of listed corporations. The 
maximum number of memberships was exceeded in this case 
when Joe Kaeser became a member of the Supervisory Board 
of Mercedes-Benz AG. The Board of Management and the 
Supervisory Board are of the opinion that although this addi-
tional membership of a supervisory board within the Daimler 
Group does increase the workload associated with the member-
ship of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG, it does so to  
an extent substantially less than would be the case if the addi-
tional membership were to relate to a third-party company.

Daimler AG has followed and continues to follow the sugges-
tions of the Code with just one exception: Deviating from the 
suggestion in Clause 2.3.3, which stipulates that companies 
should enable shareholders to view the Shareholders’ Meeting 
with modern communications media such as the Internet,  
the Shareholders’ Meeting is not transmitted in its entirety on 
the Internet, but only until the end of the report by the Board 
of Management, in order to protect the character of the Share-
holders’ Meeting as a meeting attended by our shareholders in 
person. An additional factor is that continuing the broadcast 
after that point, in particular broadcasting comments made by 
individual shareholders, could impair the discussion between 
shareholders and management.

The principles guiding our conduct
Our business conduct is based on Group-wide standards  
that go beyond the requirements of relevant legislation and the 
German Corporate Governance Code. These standards are 
based on our four corporate values integrity, respect, passion 
and discipline. In order to achieve long-term and thus sustain-
able business success on this basis, our goal is to ensure that 
our activities are in harmony with the environment and society. 
This is due to the fact that we, as one of the world’s leading 
vehicle manufacturers, also strive to be a leader in sustainabil-
ity. We have defined the most important principles in our 
 Integrity Code,  which serves as a frame of reference for all 
employees at Daimler AG and the Group and supports them in 
making the right decisions even in difficult business situations.

Our Integrity Code
Employees from different departments and units throughout 
the Group and around the world helped us develop our 
 Integrity Code, which was revised in 2019. Our Integrity Code 
defines the central corporate principles that guide our behav-
ior in daily business, our interpersonal conduct within the com-
pany and our conduct toward customers and business part-
ners. These corporate principles include compliance with laws, 
as well as fairness, transparency, a commitment to diversity, 
and responsibility. In addition to the corporate principles, our 

Integrity Code includes requirements and regulations concern-
ing respect for and the protection of human rights and dealing 
with conflicts of interest. It also prohibits all forms of corrup-
tion. The Integrity Code applies to all companies and employ-
ees of the Daimler Group worldwide. The Integrity Code  
is available on the Internet at w daimler.com/dai/caag.

We have also reached agreement on “Principles of Social 
Responsibility” with the World Employee Committee. These 
principles apply at Daimler AG and throughout the Group. In 
the Principles of Social Responsibility, Daimler commits itself 
to the principles of the UN Global Compact and thus to inter-
nationally recognized human and workers’ rights, freedom of 
association, sustainable protection of the environment and  
the proscription of child labor and forced labor. Daimler also 
commits itself to guaranteeing equal opportunities and  
adhering to the principle of “equal pay for equal work.”

Expectations for our business partners
We also require our business partners to adhere to clear  
stipulations because we regard our business partners’ integrity 
and behavior in conformity with regulations as a precondition 
for trusting cooperation. When selecting our direct business 
partners, we therefore pay close attention to ensure that they 
comply with the law and follow ethical principles, and that  
they pay the same attention themselves to other partners in 
the supply chain. For the expectations we place on our busi-
ness partners, see also w daimler.com/sus/obr.

Risk management at the Group
Daimler has a risk management system commensurate with its 
size and position as a company with global operations 
E pages 135 ff of the Annual Report 2019. The risk manage-
ment system is one component of the overall planning, control-
ling and reporting process. Its goal is to enable the company’s 
management to recognize significant risks at an early stage 
and to initiate appropriate countermeasures in a timely manner. 
At least once a year, the Audit Committee of the Supervisory 
Board of Daimler AG discusses the effectiveness and function-
ality of the risk management system with the Board of Man-
agement. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports to the 
Supervisory Board of Daimler AG on the committee’s work  
at the latest in the meeting of the Supervisory Board following 
each committee meeting. The Supervisory Board of Daimler 
AG also deals with the risk management system on the occa-
sion of the audit of the annual company and consolidated 
financial statements. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board 
has regular contacts between Supervisory Board meetings 
with the Board of Management, and in particular with the 
Chairman of the Board of Management, to discuss not only the 
Group’s strategy and business development but also the  
issue of risk management. In addition, the Board of Manage-
ment of Daimler AG regularly informs the Audit Committee  
and the Supervisory Board of the most important risks facing 
the company and the Group as a whole. The Legal Affairs  
Committee, which was established by the Supervisory Board 
during the reporting period to operate until further notice,  
supports the Supervisory Board in carrying out its tasks with 
respect to the complex proceedings relating to emissions  
regulations and antitrust law with which Daimler AG and its 
subsidiaries are confronted. The Internal Auditing  
department monitors adherence to the legal framework and to 
Group standards by means of targeted audits and initiates 
appropriate actions as required.

D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  187

Accounting and the external audit
Daimler prepares its consolidated financial statements and 
interim financial reports in accordance with the International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as adopted by the Euro-
pean Union. The annual financial statements of Daimler AG are 
prepared in accordance with the accounting standards of the 
German Commercial Code (HGB). Daimler prepares both half-
yearly and quarterly financial reports. The annual company 
financial statements and consolidated financial statements of 
Daimler AG are audited by external auditors; interim financial 
reports are reviewed by external auditors. The consolidated 
financial statements and the Group management reports  
are made publicly accessible via the Company’s website within 
90 days from the end of the reporting year; the interim finan-
cial reports are made publicly accessible in the same manner 
within 45 days from the end of the reporting period.

Based on the recommendation of the Audit Committee, the 
Supervisory Board submits a decision proposal to the Share-
holders’ Meeting of Daimler AG for the election of the external 
auditors for the annual company financial statements, for  
the consolidated financial statements and for the auditors’ 
review of the interim financial reports. At the Annual Share-
holders’ Meeting on May 22, 2019, KPMG AG Wirtschafts-
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin was elected to conduct the audit 
of the annual company financial statements and the consoli-
dated financial statements, and the external auditors’ review of 
interim financial reports, for financial year 2019, as well as  
the external auditors’ review of interim financial reports for 
financial year 2020 in the period leading up to the Share-
holders’ Meeting in 2020. KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesell-
schaft has been conducting the audit of the annual company 
financial statements and consolidated financial statements of 
Daimler AG since the 1998 financial year; since 2014, the 
responsible auditor commissioned to carry out the external 
audit has been Dr. Axel Thümler.

Prior to issuing its recommendation to the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting, the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board 
obtained a declaration from the external auditors under con-
sideration. The external auditors were requested to state 
whether any business, financial, personal or other relationships 
existed between the external auditors and their bodies  
and audit managers on the one hand, and the Company and 
the members of its bodies on the other, which could justify 
concerns regarding a conflict of interest. This statement also 
describes the extent to which other services were performed  
for the Daimler Group in the previous year or had been contrac-
tually agreed upon for the following year.

The Audit Committee instructed the external auditors to 
 immediately inform the Committee Chairman of any indications 
of partiality or grounds for exclusion uncovered during the 
audit or the auditors’ review of interim financial statements, and 
of all key findings and events relevant to the tasks of the 
Supervisory Board, particularly findings or events related to sus-
pected irregularities in accounting. The Audit Committee  
also reached an agreement with the external auditors stipulat-
ing that the external auditors would inform the Audit Com-
mittee, and make a note in the audit report, of any facts uncov-
ered during the annual audit that would reveal inaccuracies  
in the Board of Management’s and the Supervisory Board’s 
declaration of compliance with the German Corporate Gover-
nance Code.

Composition and mode of operation of the 
Board of Management  D.01

Daimler AG is obliged by the German Stock Corporation Act 
(AktG) to apply a dual management system featuring strict  
personal and functional separation between the Board of 
Management and the Supervisory Board (two-tier board). 
Accordingly, the Board of Management manages the company 
while the Supervisory Board monitors and advises the  
Board of Management.

Board of Management
In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation of Daimler AG, 
the Board of Management has at least two members. The pre-
cise number of Board of Management members is determined 
by the Supervisory Board. The Board of Management had  
eight members on December 31, 2019. In accordance with Ger-
man law on the equal participation of women and men in  
executive positions, the Supervisory Board has set a target for 
the proportion of women on the Board of Management and  
a deadline for achieving this target. The details are described in 
a separate section: E page 191. With regard to the com-
position of the Board of Management, the Supervisory Board 
has also adopted a diversity concept that is embedded in  
an overall requirements profile. The details of this concept are 
also described in a separate section: E page 191.

Information on the areas of responsibility and the curricula 
vitae of the Board of Management members is posted on  
the Daimler AG website at w daimler.com/dai/bom. The 
members of the Board of Management and their areas of 
responsibility are also listed on E pages 32 ff of the Annual 
Report 2019.

The Board of Management manages Daimler AG and the 
Daimler Group. With the consent of the Supervisory Board, the 
Board of Management determines the Group’s strategic focus, 
defines the corporate goals, and makes decisions concerning 
operational planning matters. The members of the Board of 
Management must represent the interests of the Company and 
share responsibility for managing the Group’s entire business.

Irrespective of this overall responsibility, the individual members 
of the Board of Management manage their allocated areas on 
their own responsibility and within the framework of the instruc-
tions approved by the entire Board of Management. Specific 
issues defined by the Board of Management as a whole are dealt 
with by the Board as a whole, which must approve all related 
decisions. The Chairman of the Board of Management coordi-
nates the work of the Board of Management.

The Board of Management prepares the consolidated interim 
reports, the annual company financial statements of Daimler AG, 
the annual consolidated financial statements, and the com-
bined management report of the Company and the Group, as 
well as the separate combined non-financial report produced 
for Daimler AG and the Group. Together with the Supervisory 
Board, the Board of Management issues the declaration of 
compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code 
each year. It ensures that the provisions of applicable law, 
official regulations and the Group’s internal guidelines are 
adhered to, and works to make sure that the companies of the 
Group comply with those rules and regulations. The Board  
of Management has also established an adequate compliance 

188  D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT

management system that takes into account the Company’s 
risk situation. The main features of this system are described on 
E pages 212 ff of the Annual Report 2019. Such features 
include the Company’s whistleblower system, the BPO (Busi-
ness Practices Office), which enables Daimler employees  
and external whistleblowers to report misconduct anywhere  
in the world. The tasks of the Board of Management also 
include establishing and monitoring an appropriate and effi-
cient risk management system.

For certain types of transactions defined by the Supervisory 
Board, the Board of Management requires the prior consent of 
the Supervisory Board. At regular intervals, the Board of 
 Management reports to the Supervisory Board on the strategy 
of the business units, corporate planning, profitability, busi-
ness development and the situation of the Group, as well as on 
the internal control system, the risk management system and 
the compliance management system. The Supervisory Board 
has specified the information and reporting duties of the Board 
of Management.

No committees of the Board of Management existed during the 
reporting period. The CASE Steering Committee of the Board 
of Management transferred the future-oriented areas of CASE 
to a specialist committee made up of high-level members. The 
responsibility of the Board of Management as a whole for spe-
cific matters defined by the Board remains unaffected by this.

The Board of Management has also given itself a set of rules of 
procedure, which can be seen on our website at w daimler.
com/dai/rop. Those rules describe, for example, the procedure 
to be observed when passing resolutions and ways to avoid 
conflicts of interest.

Diversity
Diversity management has been part of the corporate strategy 
of Daimler since 2005. We rely on the diversity of our employ-
ees and the differences between them because such differ-
ences form the foundation for an effective and successful com-
pany. The aim of our activities is to bring together the right 
people to tackle our challenges, create a work culture that pro-
motes the performance, motivation and satisfaction of our 
employees and managers, and help attract new target groups 
to our products and services. Our activities for shaping diver-
sity at Daimler focus on three areas: best mix, work culture 
and customer interaction. With our specific measures, activi-
ties and initiatives for everything from training formats for 
employees and managers to workshops, conferences, guide-
lines and target group-specific communication and awareness-
raising measures, our diversity management system makes a 
major contribution to the further development of our corporate 
culture.

Targeted support for women on the basis of the best-mix 
 principle was a central component of our diversity management 
activities even before the legislation on the equal participation 
of women and men in executive positions went into effect. 
Such support has also included and continues to include flexible 
working-time arrangements, company nurseries and special 
mentoring programs for women. In order to meet legal require-
ments, the Board of Management of Daimler AG has defined 
targets for the proportion of women at the two management 
levels below the Board of Management and a deadline for 
achieving those targets. The details are described in a separate 
section. Independently of the legal requirements, Daimler 

 continues to affirm the goal it already set itself in 2006 of 
increasing the proportion of women in executive positions at  
the Group to 20% by 2020. At the end of 2019, this proportion 
amounted to 19.8% (2018: 18.8%).

Composition and mode of operation of the 
Supervisory Board and its committees

Supervisory Board
In accordance with the German Codetermination Act (MitbestG), 
the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG comprises 20 members. 
Half of them are elected by the shareholders at the Sharehold-
ers’ Meeting. The other half comprises members who are 
elected by the Group’s employees who work in Germany. The 
members representing the shareholders and the members 
 representing the employees are equally obliged by law to act in 
the Company’s best interests.

Information on the curricula vitae of the members of the 
Supervisory Board is posted on our website at w daimler.com/
dai/sb. Information on other supervisory board memberships 
held by the members of the Supervisory Board can also  
be found on E pages 40 ff of the Annual Report 2019.

The Supervisory Board is to be composed so that its members 
together are knowledgeable about the business sector in which 
the Company operates and also dispose of the knowledge, 
skills and specialist experience that are required for the proper 
execution of their tasks. According to the law on the equal 
 participation of women and men in executive positions, at least 
30% of the members of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG 
must be women and at least 30% must be men. The details are 

D.01
Governance structure

Annual Shareholders’ Meeting

ratifies 
the actions of

elects members 
representing the 
shareholders, 
ratifies the 
actions of 

reports

Supervisory Board
20 members

appoints, 
advises and 
monitors

reports

reports

Board of Management
8 members

D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  189

described in a separate section: E page 191 of the Annual 
Report 2019. With regard to its composition, the Supervisory 
Board has also created an overall requirements profile consist-
ing of a skills profile and a diversity concept to be applied to 
the entire Supervisory Board. Details of the overall requirements 
profile are also described in a separate section:E pages 192 ff 
of the Annual Report 2019. Proposals by the Supervisory 
Board of candidates for election by the Shareholders’ Meeting 
as members representing the shareholders of Daimler AG,  
for which the Nomination Committee makes recommendations, 
aim to fulfill the overall requirements profile of the Supervisory 
Board as a whole.

The members of the Supervisory Board attend on their own 
responsibility courses of training and further training that 
might be necessary for the performance of their tasks, and are 
supported by the Company in doing so. Such courses may 
address corporate governance, changes brought about by new 
legislation, or the launch of new products and pioneering 
 technologies, for example. New members of the Supervisory 
Board are offered an “onboarding” program that gives them 
the opportunity to exchange views with members of the Board 
of Management and other executives on current issues related 
to the various areas of responsibility of the Board of Manage-
ment, and thus to obtain an overview of important topics at the 
Group.

The Supervisory Board monitors and advises the Board of 
 Management with regard to its management of the Group. At 
regular intervals, the Board of Management reports to the 
Supervisory Board on the strategy of the business units, corpo-
rate planning, revenue development, profitability, business 
development and the situation of the Group, as well as on the 
internal control system, the risk management system, and  
the compliance management system. The Supervisory Board 
has retained the right of approval for transactions of funda-
mental importance. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board has 
specified the information and reporting duties of the Board  
of Management to the Supervisory Board, to the Audit Com-
mittee and – between the meetings of the Supervisory  
Board – to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board.

The Supervisory Board’s duties include appointing and, if 
 necessary, recalling the members of the Board of Management. 
Initial appointments are usually made for a period of three 
years. In accordance with German legislation on equal partici-
pation by women and men in executive positions, the Super-
visory Board has defined a target for the proportion of women 
on the Board of Management and a deadline for achieving  
this target. The details are described in a separate section: 
E page 191 of the Annual Report 2019. With regard to the 
composition of the Board of Management, the Supervisory 
Board has also adopted a diversity concept that is embedded 
in an overall requirements profile. The details of this concept  
are also described in a separate section: E page 192 of the 
Annual Report 2019.

The Supervisory Board decides on the system of remuneration 
for the Board of Management, reviews it regularly, and deter-
mines the total individual remuneration of each member of the 
Board of Management with consideration of the ratio of  
Board of Management remuneration to the remuneration of the 
senior executives and the workforce as a whole, also with 
regard to development over time. For this comparison, the 
Supervisory Board has defined the senior executives by apply-

ing Daimler’s internal terminology for the hierarchical levels 
and has defined the workforce of Daimler AG in Germany as the 
relevant workforce. Variable components of remuneration  
are generally based on an assessment period that lasts several 
years and is essentially future-oriented. Multi-year variable 
remuneration components are not paid out until they come due. 
The Supervisory Board has set upper limits for individual Board 
of Management remuneration in total and with regard to its 
variable components. Further information on Board of Manage-
ment remuneration can be found in the Remuneration Report 
on E pages 108 ff of the Annual Report 2019.

The Supervisory Board reviews the annual company financial 
statements, the annual consolidated financial statements  
and the combined management report of the Company and the 
Group, as well as the proposal for the appropriation of distrib-
utable profits. Following discussions with the external auditors 
and taking into consideration the audit reports of the external 
auditors and the results of the review by the Audit Committee, 
the Supervisory Board states whether, after the final results  
of its own review, any objections are to be raised. If that is not 
the case, the Supervisory Board approves the financial state-
ments and the combined management report. Upon being 
approved, the annual financial statements are adopted. The 
Supervisory Board reports to the Annual Shareholders’ Meet-
ing on the results of its own review and on the manner and 
scope of its supervision of the Board of Management during 
the previous financial year. The Report of the Supervisory 
Board for the year 2019 is available on E pages 34 ff of the 
Annual Report 2019 and on the Internet at w daimler.com/
dai/sb.

In 2019, the Supervisory Board once again commissioned an 
external review of the separate combined Non-Financial 
Report of Daimler AG and the Group within the framework of a 
limited assurance engagement. The external auditors issued  
a report concerning their limited assurance engagement on the 
Non-Financial Report in accordance with ISAE 3000, which  
the Supervisory Board then approved after reviewing the Non-
Financial Report and discussing it with the external auditors.

The Supervisory Board has given itself a set of rules of proce-
dure, which regulate not only its duties and responsibilities  
and the personal requirements placed upon its members, but 
above all the convening and preparation of its meetings and 
the procedure of passing resolutions. The rules of procedure of 
the Supervisory Board can be viewed on our website at 
w daimler.com/dai/rop

Meetings of the Supervisory Board are regularly prepared in 
separate discussions of the members representing the employ-
ees and of the members representing the shareholders with 
the members of the Board of Management. The Supervisory 
Board meetings during the reporting year once again included 
so-called executive sessions on a regular basis for discussions 
of the Supervisory Board in the absence of the members of the 
Board of Management. The Supervisory Board members can 
also take part in the meetings by means of conference calls or 
video conferences. However, this is not the rule.

The Supervisory Board formed a new committee in the report-
ing period. On December 31, 2019, the Supervisory Board  
had, in addition to the legally required Mediation Committee, 
four additional committees that perform to the extent legally 
permissible the tasks assigned to them in the name of and on 

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behalf of the entire Supervisory Board. The committee 
 chairpersons report to the entire Supervisory Board on the 
committees’ work at the latest in the meeting of the Super-
visory Board following each committee meeting. The Supervi-
sory Board has issued rules of procedure for each of its 
 committees. Those rules of procedure can be viewed on our 
website at w daimler.com/dai/rop. Information on the 
 current composition of these committees can be viewed at 
w daimler.com/dai/sbc and is also available on E page 41 
of the Annual Report 2019.

Presidential Committee
The Presidential Committee is composed of the Chairman  
of the Supervisory Board, his Deputy, and two other members, 
who are elected by a majority of the votes cast by the mem-
bers of the Supervisory Board.

The Presidential Committee makes recommendations to the 
Supervisory Board on the appointment of members of the 
Board of Management, taking into account the overall require-
ments profile the Supervisory Board has defined to be filled, 
including the diversity concept, as well as the Supervisory 
Board’s target for the proportion of women on the Board of 
Management. It submits proposals to the Supervisory Board 
on the design of the remuneration system for the Board of 
Management and on the appropriate total individual remunera-
tion of its members. In this context, it follows the relevant 
 recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code. 
The Presidential Committee is also responsible for the Board  
of Management members’ contractual affairs. In addition, it 
decides on the granting of approval for sideline activities of the 
members of the Board of Management, and once a year 
 submits to the Supervisory Board for its approval a complete 
list of the sideline activities of each member of the Board  
of Management.

In addition, the Presidential Committee consults and decides 
on questions of corporate governance, on which it also makes 
recommendations to the Supervisory Board. It supports and 
advises the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and his Deputy, 
and prepares the meetings of the Supervisory Board within  
the limits of its responsibilities.

Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee is composed of at least three 
members, who are elected by a majority of the votes cast by the 
members of the Supervisory Board representing the sharehold-
ers. It is the only Supervisory Board committee that consists 
solely of members representing the shareholders. The Nomina-
tion Committee makes recommendations to the Supervisory 
Board concerning persons to be proposed for election as mem-
bers of the Supervisory Board representing the shareholders  
at the Shareholders’ Meeting. In doing so, the Nomination 
Committee takes into consideration the requirements of German 
law on equal participation of women and men in executive 
positions, as well as the recommendations of the German Cor-
porate Governance Code. It also strives to ensure the fulfill-
ment of the overall requirements profile, including the skills 
profile, for the entire Supervisory Board.

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is composed of four members, who are 
elected by a majority of the votes cast by the members of  
the Supervisory Board. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board 
is not simultaneously the Chairman or a member of the Audit 
Committee. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board attends 
the meetings of the Audit Committee as a guest.

Both the Chairman of the Audit Committee, Dr. Clemens 
 Börsig, and the other shareholder representative on the Audit 
Committee, Joe Kaeser, fulfill the criteria for independence  
and have expertise in the field of financial reporting, as well as 
special knowledge and experience with regard to auditing and 
methods of internal control. Furthermore, due to his earlier 
work at Robert Bosch GmbH and his long-standing membership 
of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG, Dr. Clemens Börsig  
is also very familiar with the automotive industry.

The Audit Committee deals with the supervision of the 
accounting and its process as well as with the annual external 
audit. At least once a year, it discusses with the Board of 
 Management the effectiveness and functionality of the internal 
control and risk management system, the internal auditing 
 system and the compliance management system. It regularly 
receives reports on the work of the Internal Auditing depart-
ment and the Compliance Organization. At least four times a 
year, the Audit Committee receives a report from the whistle-
blower system BPO (Business Practices Office) on complaints 
and information about any breaches of regulations or guide-
lines by high-level executives, as well as violations by other 
employees of the regulations in a defined catalog of legal provi-
sions. It regularly receives information about the handling of 
these complaints and notifications.

The Audit Committee discusses with the Board of Management 
the interim reports before they are published. On the basis  
of the report of the external auditors, the Audit Committee 
reviews the annual company financial statements and the 
annual consolidated financial statements, as well as the manage-
ment report of the Company and the Group, and discusses 
them with the external auditors. The Audit Committee makes a 
proposal to the Supervisory Board on the adoption of the 
annual company financial statements of Daimler AG, on the 
approval of the annual consolidated financial statements,  
and on the appropriation of profits. The Committee also makes 
recommendations for the Supervisory Board’s proposal on  
the election of external auditors, assesses those auditors’ suit-
ability, qualifications and independence, and, after the exter-
nal auditors are elected by the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, 
it engages them to conduct the audit of the annual company 
and consolidated financial statements and to review the interim 
reports, negotiates an audit fee, and determines the focus of 
the annual audit. The external auditors report to the Audit 
Committee on all accounting matters that might be regarded 
as critical and on any material weaknesses of the internal 
 control and risk management system with regard to accounting 
that might be discovered during the audit.

Finally, the Audit Committee approves permitted services that 
are not directly related to the annual audit and which are pro-
vided by the firm of external auditors or its affiliates to Daimler 
AG or to companies of the Daimler Group.

D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  191

Legal Affairs Committee
In accordance with its responsibilities, the Supervisory Board 
examines in detail all legal proceedings facing the Group and 
its subsidiaries. In view of the complex proceedings relating to 
emissions regulations and antitrust law, and in order to ensure 
the efficient organization of Supervisory Board activities,  
the Supervisory Board decided during the reporting period to 
establish a Legal Affairs Committee that will continue to  
operate until further notice. This committee coordinates the 
exercise and performance of the rights and obligations of  
the Supervisory Board with regard to the aforementioned legal 
affairs and prepares and recommends associated resolutions 
for adoption by the Supervisory Board. The Legal Affairs Com-
mittee is composed of six members, who are elected by a 
majority of the votes cast by the members of the Supervisory 
Board.

On November 8, 2016, the Board of Management passed a 
 resolution stipulating a target of 15% women for both the first 
and second management levels at Daimler AG below the Board 
of Management, with a deadline of December 31, 2020. At  
the time of the resolution, the proportion of women in the first 
and second management levels below the Board of Manage-
ment was 8.0% and 12.4%, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, 
the proportion of women at the first management level below 
the Board of Management was 12.5%; at the second level it was 
23.8%. As a result of the hive-down of the Cars & Vans and 
Trucks & Buses divisions to Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler 
Truck AG in the context of “Project Future,” the number of 
senior executives at Daimler AG at the two management levels 
below the Board of Management, upon which the calculation  
of the proportion of women as of December 31, 2019 is based, 
has decreased significantly.

Mediation Committee
The Mediation Committee is composed of the Chairman of the 
Supervisory Board and his Deputy, as well as one member  
of the Supervisory Board representing the employees and one 
member of the Supervisory Board representing the sharehold-
ers, each elected with a majority of the votes cast by the 
shareholders’ and employees’ representatives, respectively. It 
is formed solely to perform the functions laid down in Section 
31 Subsection 3 of the German Codetermination Act (MitbestG). 
Accordingly, the Mediation Committee has the task of making 
proposals on the appointment of members of the Board of 
Management if in the first vote the majority required for the 
appointment of a Board of Management member of two  
thirds of the members of the Supervisory Board is not achieved. 
As in previous years, the Mediation Committee did not have to 
take any action in 2019.

Germany’s law on the equal participation of 
women and men in executive positions

In accordance with German legislation on equal participation 
by women and men in executive positions in both the private 
and the public sector, the supervisory boards of listed com-
panies or companies subject to Germany’s system of codeter-
mination have to set a target for the proportion of women on 
their board of management. The board of management of such 
a company has to set a target for the proportion of women at 
the two management levels below that of the board of manage-
ment. If the proportions of women at the time when these tar-
gets are set by the board of management and the supervisory 
board are below 30%, the targets may not be lower than the 
proportions already reached. At the same time that the targets 
are set, the boards have to set periods for their achievement, 
which may not be longer than five years.

On December 8, 2016, the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG 
passed a resolution stipulating that the target figure for the 
proportion of women on the Board of Management of Daimler 
AG would be 12.5%, while the deadline would be December 31, 
2020. At December 31, 2019, the eight-member Board of Man-
agement included two women, Renata Jungo Brüngger and 
Britta Seeger. This means that women account for 25% of the 
Board of Management members.

Since 2016, listed companies that have supervisory boards in 
which shareholders and employees are equally represented 
are required to a have proportion of at least 30% women and 
30% men. This requirement has to be fulfilled by the Super-
visory Board as a whole. If the side of the Supervisory Board 
representing the shareholders or the side representing the 
employees objects to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board 
about the application of the ratio to the entire Supervisory 
Board, the minimum ratio is to apply separately to the share-
holders’ side and to the employees’ side for that election.

At December 31, 2019, 30% of the shareholder representatives 
in the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG were women (Sari 
Baldauf, Petraea Heynike and Marie Wieck), while 70% were 
men. On that date, 30% of the employee representatives on  
the Supervisory Board were women (Elke Tönjes-Werner, Sibylle 
Wankel and Dr. Sabine Zimmer), while 70% were men. In its 
meeting on February 19, 2020, the Supervisory Board consid-
ered its nomination for the election at the 2020 Shareholders’ 
Meeting and decided, upon the recommendation of the Nomi-
nation Committee, to propose at the 2020 Annual Sharehold-
ers’ Meeting that Timotheus Höttges, Chairman of the Board of 
Management of Deutsche Telekom AG, be elected to the 
Supervisory Board. The legally required gender ratio will be 
met both on the shareholder representatives’ side and for the 
Supervisory Board as a whole if this person is elected to the 
Supervisory Board, provided that no other changes occur.

Along with Daimler AG itself, there are other Group companies 
subject to codetermination law. These companies have defined 
their own targets for the proportion of women on their super-
visory boards, executive management bodies and the two levels 
below the board or executive management level, and have also 
set deadlines for target achievement. All relevant information 
here has been published in accordance with applicable law.

Overall requirements profiles for the 
 composition of the Board of Management and 
the Supervisory Board

In terms of the composition of the Board of Management and 
the Supervisory Board, Daimler AG utilizes diversity concepts 
that focus on aspects such as age, gender, education and 
 professional background. For this reason, the Company is 
required to describe these concepts in its declaration on corpo-
rate governance, and to also explain the aims of the diversity 
concepts, the manner in which they are implemented and the 

192  D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT

results achieved with them in the financial year. The Supervisory 
Board has combined the diversity concepts with the require-
ments of German legislation on equal participation of women 
and men in executive positions and the specific targets for  
the composition of executive management bodies as defined 
by the recommendations in the current version of the German 
Corporate Governance Code. These combined requirements 
are presented in the overall requirements profiles for the com-
position of the Board of Management and the Supervisory 
Board described below. The requirements profiles also serve 
as the basis for long-term succession planning. They are 
reviewed each year, also taking into account changes that may 
have been made to the German Corporate Governance Code.

Board of Management
The requirements profile for the Board of Management of 
Daimler AG aims for a Board of Management with excellent 
leadership skills that is as diverse and mutually supportive as 
possible. The Board of Management as a whole should possess 
the knowledge, skills and experience required for the proper 
execution of its tasks and be composed of members whose 
varied personal backgrounds and experiences ensure that the 
Board as a whole also embodies the desired management 
 philosophy. Decisions regarding appointments to specific posi-
tions on the Board of Management are always governed by  
the Company’s interests under consideration of all circumstan-
ces in each individual case.

The requirements profile for the Board of Management currently 
includes in particular the following aspects, which are to be 
taken into account to the greatest extent possible when making 
decisions on appointments to the Board of Management:

–   The members of the Board of Management should have dif-
ferent educational and professional backgrounds, whereby 
at least two members should have a technical background. 
With Markus Schäfer and Wilfried Porth, at December 31, 
2019 the Board of Management had two members who are 
engineers. Since taking over as Head of Group Research & 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Development on January 1, 2017, a 
position he held until he was appointed Chairman of the 
Board of Management on May 22, 2019, Ola Källenius has 
sustainably displayed the expertise he acquired in various 
technical management positions throughout the Company.

–   In order to meet legal requirements on the equal representa-
tion of women and men in executive positions, the Super-
visory Board defined on December 8, 2016 a target of 12.5% 
for the proportion of women on the Board of Management, 
with a deadline of December 31, 2020. This means that of the 
eight current members of the Board of Management, at least 
one member must be a woman. The Board of Management 
currently has two female members, Renata Jungo Brüngger 
and Britta Seeger. This means the proportion of women on 
the Board of Management is currently 25%.

–   In accordance with the recommendations contained in the 
German Corporate Governance Code in the version dated 
February 7, 2017, the Supervisory Board has set an age limit 
for members of the Board of Management. As a rule, 62 
years of age serves as orientation for age-related retirement. 
When it set this age limit, the Supervisory Board deliberately 
decided in favor of a flexible rule allowing the required  
scope for the appropriate assessment of the circumstances 
of each individual case. With the retirement of Dr. Dieter 

Zetsche on May 22, 2019, all members of the Board of Man-
agement are currently below the age limit.

–   In addition, a sufficient generational mix among Board of 

Management members is to be taken into account in appoint-
ment decisions, whereby if possible at least three members 
of the Board of Management should be 57 years of age  
or younger at the beginning of their respective term of office. 
This is the case for all current members of the Board of 
 Management, with the exception of Wilfried Porth.

–   Decisions related to the composition of the Board of 

 Management should also take into account internationality 
in the sense of varied cultural backgrounds or international 
experience through assignments abroad lasting several 
years, whereby if possible, at least one member of the Board 
of Management should come from a country other than 
 Germany. Irrespective of the many years of international 
experience of a large majority of members of the Board  
of Management, this target is currently overachieved due to 
the international origins of Ola Källenius and Renata Jungo 
Brüngger.

–   In accordance with the recommendation of the German 

 Corporate Governance Code in the version dated February 7, 
2017, the rules of procedure of the Board of Management 
stipulate that no member of the Board of Management may 
be a member of more than three supervisory boards of listed 
corporations outside the Daimler Group or of similar boards 
or committees at companies outside the Daimler Group that 
have comparable requirements. This stipulation has been 
met. The only listed company in which Hubertus Troska is a 
member of a supervisory board or similar board outside the 
Daimler Group is BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd. Hubertus 
Troska’s other board memberships are at joint ventures that 
fall within his areas of responsibility.

The aspects described above are to be taken into consider-
ation when making Board of Management appointments. On 
the basis of a target profile that takes into account specific 
qualification requirements and the aforementioned criteria, the 
Presidential Committee creates a shortlist of available candi-
dates whom it interviews. It then recommends a candidate to 
the Supervisory Board for its approval and includes an expla-
nation of its recommendation. Decisions regarding appointments 
to the Board of Management are always governed by the 
 Company’s interests under consideration of all circumstances 
in each individual case.

Supervisory Board
In accordance with applicable law, the Supervisory Board is to 
be composed so that its members together are knowledgeable 
about the business sector in which the Company operates.

The requirements profile for the Supervisory Board of Daimler 
AG also aims at a Supervisory Board as diverse and mutually 
complementary as possible. The Supervisory Board as a whole 
shall understand the Company’s business model and also pos-
sess the knowledge, skills and experience needed to properly 
execute its task of supervising and advising the Board of 
 Management, in particular specialized knowledge in the areas 
of finance, accounting, annual audits, risk management, 
 methods of internal control and compliance. In general, the 
members of the Supervisory Board should complement one 
another with regard to their specialist knowledge and profes-

D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  193

sional experience in such a manner as to ensure that the 
Supervisory Board can utilize the most broadly based wealth  
of experience and expertise possible when making decisions. 
The Supervisory Board also views the diversity of its members 
in terms of age, gender, internationality and other personal 
attributes as an important foundation for effective cooperation. 
The foundation for Supervisory Board decisions regarding pro-
posals on candidates for election at the Shareholders’ Meeting 
is always the Company’s interests under consideration of all 
circumstances in each individual case.

The requirements profile for the Supervisory Board currently 
includes the following aspects in particular:

–   The members of the Supervisory Board should have different 

educational and professional backgrounds. At least five 
members should have completed a vocational technical 
training or education program or possess specific technolog-
ical knowledge in fields such as information technology 
(including digitalization), chemistry, mechanical engineering 
or electrical engineering. Decisions related to the composi-
tion of the Supervisory Board should also take into account 
the fact that it may be necessary for members to obtain new 
skills and knowledge in order to be able to address product 
and market developments. Irrespective of the specific 
knowledge in the above-mentioned areas acquired by many 
members of the Supervisory Board in other functions, 
Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht, Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder, Marie Wieck, 
Dr. Frank Weber and Roman Zitzelsberger (three shareholder 
representatives and two employee representatives) have 
 relevant university degrees, while another three employee 
representatives have completed vocational training in the 
above-mentioned fields or similar areas.

–   The gender composition of the Supervisory Board meets the 
legal requirement stipulating that at least 30% of the mem-
bers of the Supervisory Board must be women and at least 
30% must be men. The Supervisory Board currently has 
three women who represent shareholders and three women 
who represent employees. The proportion of women is thus 
30% among the shareholder representatives, the employee 
representatives and the Supervisory Board as a whole.

–   The rules of procedure of the Supervisory Board stipulate 

that candidates for election who are to hold the position for 
a full term of office should generally not be over the age of 
72 at the time of the election. In specifying this age limit, the 
Supervisory Board has intentionally refrained from stipulat-
ing a strict upper age limit and instead decided in favor of a 
flexible general limit that leaves scope to appropriately 
assess each individual case, keeps the range of potential 
Supervisory Board candidates sufficiently broad and allows 
reelection. In deciding to propose Dr. Manfred Bischoff for 
reelection as a shareholder representative on the Supervi-
sory Board at the Shareholders’ Meeting in 2016, it made 
use of this scope after careful consideration and proper 
assessment. All other members of the Supervisory Board 
and the candidate Timotheus Höttges who is to be proposed 
for election at the 2020 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting will 
not have reached the age limit at the time of their election.

–   A sufficient generational mix among Supervisory Board 

members is also to be taken into account in appointment 
decisions. At least eight members of the Supervisory Board 
should be 62 years of age or younger at the time of their 
election or reelection. Among the current members of the 
Supervisory Board, all except Sari Baldauf, Petraea Heynike, 
Dr. Manfred Bischoff, Dr. Clemens Börsig, Dr. Jürgen Ham-
brecht and Dr. Bernd Pischetsrieder (i.e. 14 members) were 
62 or younger when they were elected to their current term.

–   In order to ensure sufficient internationality, for example by 
means of many years of international experience, the 
 Supervisory Board has set a target of a proportion of at least 
30% of international members representing the sharehold-
ers, and the resulting proportion of at least 15% of the entire 
Supervisory Board. Irrespective of the many years of inter-
national experience of a large majority of the shareholder 
representatives on the Supervisory Board, this target is cur-
rently significantly overachieved with 30% for the entire 
Supervisory Board due to the international origins of Bader 
Al Saad, Sari Baldauf, Petraea Heynike, Marie Wieck and  
Dr. Paul Achleitner on the shareholders’ side (50%) and Ray-
mond Curry on the employees’ side.

–   At least half of the members of the Supervisory Board 

 representing the shareholders should have
·  neither an advisory nor a board function for a customer, 

supplier, creditor, or other third party,

·  nor a business or personal relationship to the company  

or its boards

 whose specific form could cause a conflict of interest. 

Under the premise that the performance of Supervisory Board 
duties as an employee representative does not by itself consti-
tute a potential conflict of interest as defined by the German 
Corporate Governance Code, the requirements described here 
are deemed to be met by at least 15 members of the entire 
Supervisory Board. 

Roman Zitzelsberger was elected as a member and as the 
 Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of ZF Friedrich-
shafen AG, which is a significant supplier to the Daimler Group, 
at the end of November 2019. The Supervisory Board of 
Daimler AG does not currently regard this non-executive man-
date per se as giving rise to a conflict of interest. In the event 
that such a conflict of interest arises in the future, the question 
of whether Mr. Zitzelsberger should not participate in corre-
sponding discussions and passing of resolutions by the Super-
visory Board will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

 As described in the report of the Supervisory Board on 
E page 37 of the Annual Report 2019, there were individual 
cases concerning two Supervisory Board members in particu-
lar situations during the reporting period where there might 
have been the appearance of a potential conflict of interest at 
the time when legal status reports were submitted to the 
Supervisory Board. In these individual cases the Supervisory 
Board members in question did not attend the reporting of the 
circumstances that could possibly have given rise to a poten-
tial conflict of interest. 

 
 
 
 
 
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As a result, in the case of at least half of the shareholder repre-
sentatives on the Supervisory Board and at least 15 members 
of the entire Supervisory Board, there were no indications of a 
potential conflict of interest during the reporting period based 
on the premise described above. There were no indications of 
actual conflicts of interest in the financial year 2019.

–   In order to ensure the independent advice to, and supervi-

sion of, the Board of Management by the Supervisory Board, 
the rules of procedure of the Supervisory Board stipulate 
that more than half of the members of the Supervisory 
Board representing the shareholders are to be independent 
as defined by the German Corporate Governance Code.  
The Supervisory Board may not include more than two former 
members of the Board of Management of Daimler AG or 
 anyone who is a member of a board of, or advises, a signifi-
cant competitor of the Daimler Group. 

Under the premise that the performance of Supervisory Board 
duties as an employee representative does not in itself call  
into question the independence of such an employee represen-
tative as defined by the German Corporate Governance Code, 
at least 15 members of the Supervisory Board are also deemed 
to be independent. 

The Code in the version dated February 7, 2017 does not con-
tain a conclusive definition of independence, but instead 
 presents examples of circumstances that would call the inde-
pendence of a Supervisory Board member into question. 
Within the meaning of the German Corporate Governance Code, 
a Supervisory Board member is to be considered non-inde-
pendent if he or she has a personal or business relationship 
with the Company, its governing bodies, a controlling share-
holder or a company affiliated with a controlling shareholder 
that may cause a substantial and not merely temporary 
 conflict of interest. It is the task of the Supervisory Board to 
assess the independence of the individual members of  
the Supervisory Board on the basis of these indications. 

Under the premise described above with regard to the 
employee representatives, and within the meaning of the German 
Corporate Governance Code in the version dated February 7, 
2017, there are, in the view of the Supervisory Board, no indi-
cations at present for any of the members of the Super visory 
Board that relevant relationships or circumstances exist that 
could be construed as a substantial and permanent conflict of 
interest that would compromise their independence. No mem-
ber of the Supervisory Board is a member of a board of, or 
advises, a significant competitor. With regard to Supervisory 
Board member Bader Al Saad, the Supervisory Board takes  
the view that his membership of the Executive Committee of 
the Board of Directors of Kuwait Investment Authority does  
not compromise his independence within the meaning of the 
German Corporate Governance Code. E The Kuwait Investment 
Authority is not a controlling shareholder of Daimler AG that 
could attain an effective majority at an Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting. No other discernible circumstances exist that might 
call into question the independence of Bader Al Saad. With 
regard to Supervisory Board member Roman Zitzelsberger, the 
Supervisory Board takes the view that his mandate as a mem-
ber and as the Deputy Chairman of the codetermined Super-
visory Board of ZF Friedrichshafen AG, a significant supplier  
to the Daimler Group, cannot per se give rise to a substantial 

and not merely temporary conflict of interest. On the one 
hand, this is not an executive, but rather a non-executive man-
date. On the other, the Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory 
Board of a codetermined company does not have the right of 
the Chairman of the Supervisory Board to a casting vote in  
the event of a tie and renewed voting even in the absence of 
the Chairman. 

The Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Dr. Manfred Bischoff, 
is a former member of the Board of Management.

–   The rules of procedure of the Supervisory Board also define 
a general time limit for the duration of Supervisory Board 
membership. As a result, only candidates who have not yet 
been members of the Supervisory Board for three full terms 
of office at the time of their election should generally be 
nominated for membership of the Supervisory Board for a 
full term of office. This general length of service on the 
Supervisory Board has not been exceeded by any current 
member, and the candidate Timotheus Höttges nominated 
for election at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting in 2020 
also meets this requirement.

–   Candidates for membership of the Supervisory Board and 

members of the Supervisory Board must have sufficient time 
available to perform their duties. They must also be willing 
and able to dedicate themselves to their tasks and to partici-
pate in all courses of training and further training that might 
be necessary for the performance of their tasks. Prior to 
issuing its election proposals, the Supervisory Board deter-
mines whether the candidates in question will have sufficient 
time available to perform their duties on the Supervisory 
Board.

–   In order to ensure compliance with a recommendation of  

the German Corporate Governance Code in the version dated 
February 7, 2017, the rules of procedure stipulate that no 
member of the Supervisory Board who is also a member of 
the board of management of a listed company may hold 
more than three memberships of supervisory boards of listed 
companies (including his or her membership of the Super-
visory Board of Daimler AG) or of bodies of other companies 
with similar requirements outside of the group of his or  
her board of management membership. One member of the 
Supervisory Board, Joe Kaeser, is a member of the board  
of management of a listed company who has now exceeded 
the maximum number of supervisory board memberships 
due to his new membership on the Supervisory Board of 
Mercedes-Benz AG. In view of this development, the Super-
visory Board has decided for the time being not to take into 
account membership on two Supervisory Boards within  
the Daimler Group when determining whether the maximum 
number of board memberships has been exceeded within 
the meaning of the requirements profile and the rules of pro-
cedure. Nevertheless, the Board of Management and the 
Supervisory Board also released an intra-year declaration of 
compliance in September 2019 that discloses and explains 
this deviation from the maximum number of board member-
ships according to the rules of procedure and the require-
ments profile as defined on the basis of the recommendation 
of the German Corporate Governance Code in the version 
dated February 7, 2017. This deviation is also disclosed and 
explained in the regular annual declaration of compliance 
from December 2019.

 
 
 
D | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | DECLARATION ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  195

In the case of Supervisory Board members who are not also 
members of the board of management of a listed company, the 
legal limit of membership of ten statutorily constituted super-
visory boards applies firstly, whereby chairmanship of a super-
visory board counts double. In order to ensure that members 
of the Supervisory Board have sufficient time to fulfill their 
mandate, members of the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG who 
are not also members of the board of management of a listed 
company shall, however, generally be permitted membership 
of a maximum of eight supervisory boards (including that of 
Daimler AG), whereby chairmanship of a supervisory board 
counts double. This maximum number was not exceeded  
by any member of the Supervisory Board during the reporting 
year.

Proposals by the Supervisory Board of candidates for election 
by the Shareholders’ Meeting as Supervisory Board members 
representing the shareholders of Daimler AG, for which the 
Nomination Committee makes recommendations, shall take 
into consideration the aspects described above and aim to ful-
fill the overall requirements profile for the Supervisory Board 
as a whole. On the basis of a target profile that takes into 
account specific qualification requirements and the aforemen-
tioned criteria, the Nomination Committee creates a shortlist 
of available candidates with whom it conducts structured 
 discussions in which it also determines whether the candidate 
in question will have sufficient time available to perform his  
or her duties on the Supervisory Board with due care. The 
Nomination Committee then recommends a candidate to the 
Supervisory Board for its approval and includes an explanation of 
its recommendation. The foundation for Supervisory Board 
decisions regarding election proposals to the Shareholders’ 
Meeting is always the Company’s interests under consideration 
of all circumstances in each individual case.

Review of the overall requirements profiles for the Board 
of Management and the Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board shall review the overall requirements 
profiles for its own composition and the composition of the 
Board of Management, and amend these if necessary, after the 
new German Corporate Governance Code goes into effect, 
which is expected to be sometime in the first quarter of 2020.

Shareholders and the Shareholders’ Meeting

The shareholders exercise their membership rights, in par-
ticular their information and voting rights, at the Shareholders’ 
Meeting. Each share in Daimler AG entitles its owner to one 
vote. There are no multiple voting rights, preferred voting rights, 
or maximum voting rights at Daimler AG. Documents and infor-
mation related to the Shareholders’ Meeting can be found on  
our website at w daimler.com/ir/am. The Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting is generally held within four months of the end of a 
financial year.

The Company facilitates the personal exercise of the share-
holders’ rights and proxy voting in a variety of ways, such as by 
appointing Company proxies who are strictly bound by the 
shareholders’ voting instructions and who are available during 
the Shareholders’ Meeting. Absentee voting is also possible.  
It is possible to authorize the Daimler-appointed proxies and 
give them voting instructions or to cast absentee votes by 
using the e-service for shareholders.

We maintain close contacts with our shareholders in the 
 context of our comprehensive investor relations and public rela-
tions activities. We regularly and comprehensively inform our 
shareholders, financial analysts, shareholder associations, the 
media and the interested public about the situation of the 
Group, and inform them without delay about any significant 
changes in its business. Within reasonable limits, the Chairman 
of the Supervisory Board is also prepared to talk to investors 
about specific Supervisory Board issues.

In addition to other methods of communication, we also make 
extensive use of the Company’s website for our investor 
 relations activities. All of the important information disclosed 
in 2019, including annual and interim reports, press releases, 
voting rights notifications from major shareholders, presenta-
tions, and audio recordings of analyst and investor events  
and conference calls, as well as the financial calendar, can be 
found at w daimler.com/investors. All the dates of important 
disclosures such as annual reports and interim reports and the 
dates of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, the annual press 
conference and the analyst conferences are announced in 
advance in the financial calendar. The financial calendar can 
also be found inside the rear cover of the Annual Report.

E

Non-
Financial 
Report

On the following pages, we publish the non-financial report in accordance  
with Sections 289b – 289e, 315b and c of the German Commercial Code 
(HGB). This report applies to Daimler AG and to the Daimler Group. It contains 
the main information on the aspects of environmental, employee and social 
matters, combating corruption and bribery, and respect for human rights. 

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | CONTENTS  197

E | Non-Financial Report

Sustainability at Daimler 

198

Social Issues 

198
Our sustainable business strategy  
Sustainable corporate governance 
198
Risk management                                                          199
199
Supply chain 

Incorporation of stakeholder 
Political dialog and representation of interests 

Integrity and Compliance 

208

208
209

211

Environmental Issues 

Climate protection 
Air pollution control 
Resource conservation 

Employee Issues 

Partnership with the employees 
Employer attractiveness 
A competitive workforce 
Occupational health and safety      

200

200
201
201

203

204
204
205
207

211
Integrity Management 
212
Our Compliance Management System 
Anti-corruption compliance 
215
Antitrust compliance                                                     215
216
Technical compliance 
217
Data compliance 
218
Anti-financial-crime compliance 
219
Human-rights compliance 

Statement on the Review of the 
Non-Financial Report 

220

The information provided in this report is presented in conformity with the GRI 
 Standards of the Global Reporting Initiative, insofar as this complies with appli-
cable law. Some aspects are presented in accordance with internal guidelines 
and  definitions. 

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Information on our business model (E pages 60 ff of the Annual Report 2019) 
and on non-financial risks connected with the aspects presented in this report 
(Risk and  Opportunity Report E page 149 of Annual Report 2019) is provided 
in the Combined Management Report in the Annual Report 2019. 

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Further information on our sustainability activities can be found online at  
w daimler.com/sustainability and in our annual Sustainability Report, which 
can be downloaded there as a PDF data file.

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198  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AT DAIMLER 

Sustainability at Daimler

At Daimler, sustainability means creating lasting economic and social value for all stakeholders – 
i.e. our customers, employees, investors, business partners, and society as a whole. The foundation 
for our approach here is the Daimler sustainable business strategy adopted by the Board of  
Management in 2019. E page 52 ff With this strategy, the company assumes responsibility for the 
economic, ecological, and social impact of its business activities, not only at its manufacturing 
locations but also with regard to the entire upstream and downstream value chain.

Our sustainable business strategy

Our sustainable business strategy demonstrates our commit-
ment to sustainable business operations at both the Group 
level and in the individual business divisions. More specifically, 
our strategic objectives involve the following six areas of 
action:

–   Climate protection and air pollution control: Plans call for 

our new vehicle fleet to be CO2-neutral by 2039, when it will 
no longer have any relevant impact on air quality in inner 
 cities.

–   Conservation of resources: We will decouple resource con-

sumption from business volume growth.

–   Livable cities: We will offer our leading mobility and trans-

port solutions in order to improve the quality of life in cities.

–   Traffic safety: We are working to make our vision of acci-

dent-free driving a reality as we develop automated driving 
systems while also taking social and ethical issues into 
account.

–   Data responsibility: We conduct sustainable data-based 

business operations, anticipate our customers’ needs, and 
handle all data responsibly.

–   Human rights: We have assumed responsibility for respect-
ing and upholding human rights along our automotive value 
chain.

We have set ourselves the goal of making sustainability an inte-
gral component of our core business and our conduct in gen-
eral. Achieving this goal requires future-oriented cooperation 
with our partners in industry, government, and society at large, 
as well as with our employees, who will help shape the coming 
transformation. The three enablers, or principles, of “Integrity,” 
“Employees” and “Partnerships” are crucial for achieving suc-
cess in the six areas of action.

While formulating our strategic goals in the six areas of action, 
we focused extensively on the 17 Sustainable Development 
Goals (SDGs) defined by the United Nations, and in particular 
on the following SDGs and the associated sustainability-
related activities:
–   SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth
–   SDG 9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
–   SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities
–   SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production
–   SDG 13 – Climate Action

By adopting the six areas of action and the three enabler top-
ics, we have firmly established the aforementioned SDGs  
as a component of our business strategy. We want to make an 
effective contribution to sustainable development by imple-
menting this strategy.

Sustainable corporate governance

The short-term and medium-term components of the remunera-
tion – the Daimler Company Bonus – have been further devel-
oped for the Board of Management and Level 1–3 managers, 
with effect as of January 1, 2019. These components are linked 
not only to financial targets but also to sustainability-related 
transformation targets and non-financial targets that focus on 
employees, customers, integrity, and diversity. The transfor-
mation targets in particular are closely examined within the 
frame work of the annual review of the Daimler Company Bonus, 
whereby the targets for 2020 will be even more closely  
aligned with the company’s sustainable business strategy.

In accordance with this strategy, we are pursuing our defined 
targets in the six areas of action and establishing a continuous 
improvement process. Our management and organizational 
structures support this process by means of clear lines of 
responsibility in all business divisions. The Group Sustainability 
Board (GSB) is our central management body for all sustain-
ability issues and reports to the Board of Management. The 
GSB is headed by Renata Jungo Brüngger (the Board of Man-
agement member responsible for Integrity and Legal Affairs) 
and Markus Schäfer (the Board of Management member 
responsible for Group Research & Mercedes-Benz Cars Devel-
opment). The operational work is done by the Sustainability 
Competence Office, which consists of representatives from the 
units managed by the two Co-chairs.

Integrity, compliance, and legal responsibility are the corner-
stones of our sustainable corporate governance and serve as 
the basis of all our actions as defined in our Integrity Code.  
The Integrity Code is supplemented by other in-house princi-
ples and policies.

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | SUSTAINABILITY AT DAIMLER  199

direct suppliers commit themselves to observing our sustain-
ability standards, communicating them to their employees and 
to their upstream value chains, and then checking to ensure 
that the standards are complied with. We support them in 
these activities by providing them with information and training 
and qualification measures. Our service providers also explic-
itly recognize these standards as a contractual component of 
their supplier agreements.

Compliance with the standards is systematically reviewed.  
For example, the procurement units of Mercedes-Benz Cars 
and Daimler Trucks & Buses examines the sustainability poli-
cies of new production material suppliers in on-site inspec-
tions. Such examinations are even more thorough in high-risk 
countries, and in particularly critical cases we discuss the 
results of the analyses in management committees and take 
them into account in decisions on whether to award a contract. 
Along with the assessment of new suppliers, we also examine 
sustainability risks at our existing direct suppliers within the 
framework of risk analyses conducted on a regular basis. 
Among other things, we conduct annual database research to 
identify any violations of our sustainability and compliance 
rules by our current suppliers. This is part of our supplier 
screening process. Mercedes-Benz Cars also conducts corpo-
rate social responsibility (CSR) audits and potential analyses  
of new suppliers.

We systematically follow up all reports of violations, and 
Mercedes-Benz Cars utilizes online surveys here as well. These 
surveys require suppliers to provide information about their  
sustainability management system and the measures they take 
to ensure that their own suppliers comply with sustainability 
standards. If the results of such surveys indicate insufficient 
sustainability performance, we instruct the supplier in question 
to improve the relevant processes. In order to ensure an effec-
tive sustainable supplier management system, it is very im-
portant to us that the results of the surveys can be compared. 
For this reason, we work with standardized instruments such 
as the industry-wide sustainability Self-Assessment Question-
naire developed by the European Drive Sustainability initiative.

In 2019, we held training courses for suppliers in the focus 
countries Brazil, Malaysia, and South Africa in cooperation  
with Drive Sustainability – a European sustainability initiative. 
In addition, we assisted the econsense – Forum for Sustain-
able Development of German Business network with the 
establishment of a platform for further supplier workshops on 
sustainability. Our Daimler Supplier Portal offers existing and 
potential suppliers a free e-learning program on compliance 
awareness that allows suppliers to obtain detailed information 
at any time on sustainability standards and their implementation.

The ten principles of the UN Global Compact provide a funda-
mental guide for our business operations. As a founding  
member and part of the LEAD group, we are strongly commit-
ted to the Global Compact. Our internal principles and policies 
are founded on this international frame of reference and other 
international principles, including the Core Labor Standards  
of the International Labour Organization (ILO), the OECD 
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and the UN Guiding 
Principles on Business and Human Rights.

Risk management

The Daimler Group is exposed to a large number of risks that 
are directly linked with the business activities of its divisions  
or which result from external influences. A risk is understood 
as the danger that events, developments or actions will pre-
vent the Group or one of its divisions from achieving its targets. 
Risks can be of either a financial or non-financial nature. At  
the same time, it is important for the Daimler Group to identify 
opportunities for the Group so that they can be utilized in  
the course of its business activities, thus safeguarding and 
enhancing the Group’s competitiveness. An opportunity is 
understood as the possibility to safeguard or to surpass the 
planned targets of the Group or a division as a result of events, 
developments or actions. In particular, the actions taken by  
the company with regard to environmental, employee, and 
social issues, the battle against corruption and bribery, and 
upholding human rights play a key role in the way we are cur-
rently viewed by the public, and can thus potentially result in 
non-financial risks as well as opportunities. The divisions have 
direct responsibility for recognizing and managing business 
risks and opportunities at an early stage. Our Group-wide risk 
management system provides the framework for the responsi-
ble management of existence-threatening and other material 
risks. The risk management system is integrated into the value-
based management and planning system of the Daimler Group 
and is also an integral part of the overall planning, manage-
ment, and reporting process in the legal entities, divisions, and 
corporate functions. The risk management system is intended 
to systematically and continually identify, assess, control, moni-
tor, and report risks threatening Daimler’s existence and other 
material risks, in order to support the achievement of corpo-
rate targets and to enhance risk awareness at the Group. See 
also the Risk and Opportunity Report, 
E pages 135 ff.

Supply chain

Daimler’s sustainable business strategy applies to our value 
chain and thus also to the purchase of production materials 
and the procurement of services. Our three procurement units – 
Mercedes-Benz Cars Procurement and Supplier Quality,  
Global Procurement Trucks and Buses, and International Pro-
curement Services – are jointly responsible for the Daimler 
Supplier Network cooperation model. These units work together 
to ensure the responsible procurement of materials and ser-
vices and compliance with the Daimler Supplier Sustainability 
Standards in the supply chain. Our Supplier Sustainability 
Standards define our requirements for working conditions, 
upholding human rights, environmental protection, safety, 
business ethics, and compliance E page 219, Human rights 
compliance. They also serve as the guidelines for our sustain-
able supply chain management system. We demand that our 

200  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 

Environmental Issues

Protecting the environment is a primary corporate objective of our Group. Environmental protec-
tion is not separate from other objectives at Daimler, but is an integral component of our sustain-
able business strategy. The central environmental aspects we address are climate protection, air 
pollution control, and resource conservation.

monitor compliance with our internal development targets and 
the requirements contained in the product performance speci-
fications. In the Energy Efficiency Board (EEB), which includes 
Board of Management participation, the managers responsible 
for each vehicle model series evaluate the results of this moni-
toring process. In their evaluations, the managers take into 
account the increasing degree of vehicle electrification and the 
changes that have been made to legal requirements, for exam-
ple those relating to the introduction of the new WLTP test pro-
cedure. If corrective actions are required, the managing body 
of the respective business division is included in the decision-
making. The exact level of the CO2 emissions of individual vehi-
cles is determined within the framework of the fuel-economy 
certification process.

Nevertheless, the fact remains that the attainment of the EU 
limits will greatly depend on the level of customer demand for 
all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids.

CO2 emissions from our car fleet
For the year under review, it is expected that the average  
CO2 emissions of our total passenger car fleet in Europe (EU28 
+ Iceland, Norway) will have increased to 137 g/km (NEDC, 
including vans registered as passenger cars (M1), Mercedes-
Benz Cars: 135 g/km). This means that we were unable to 
reduce our CO2 emissions from the prior-year level. There were 
several reasons for this development. The first involves the 
shift of sales from vehicles with diesel engines to cars powered 
by gasoline engines. Secondly, 2019 was the first year in  
which the rollout of the WLTP certification process had its full 
impact. We intend to achieve our objective of reducing our  
CO2 emissions for 2020 and thus continue to conform to the 
currently valid EU limit values by means of a planned expan-
sion of our portfolio to include further electric vehicle models 
and accommodate customer demand. E pages 135 ff, Risk 
and Opportunity Report

Climate protection

The transition to CO2-neutral mobility is vital if the impact of 
climate change is to be limited. We at Daimler are working hard 
to make this vision a reality. In this connection, we have set 
ourselves the goal of making the mobility of the future more 
sustainable, and we are employing a holistic approach in order 
to achieve this goal. One component of our approach involves 
reducing the CO2 emissions of our vehicles.

Within the framework of our sustainable business strategy,  
our company has expressed its firm commitment to the Paris 
accord on climate protection. Mercedes-Benz AG has had  
its climate protection measures scientifically confirmed by the 
Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTI). By means of these 
 targets, the company wants to contribute to environmental 
protection in the sense of the Paris Agreement.

In our sustainable business strategy, we have also set ourselves 
the goal of making our fleet of new cars CO2-neutral for the 
vehicles’ entire lifecycle by 2039. Daimler Trucks & Buses aims 
to offer only new vehicles that are CO2-neutral in driving  
operation (“tank-to-wheel”) in the triad of Europe, Japan, and 
NAFTA by 2039. Mercedes-Benz Vans is currently striving  
to achieve similar reductions in CO2 emissions. In order to 
achieve this goal, we want to significantly increase sales  
of passenger cars equipped with plug-in hybrid and all-electric 
drive systems. In this connection, we want to electrify the 
entire portfolio of Mercedes-Benz Cars by 2022, which means 
that various electric alternatives are to be offered in every  
segment – from compact cars to SUVs. By the year 2025, we 
expect all-electric models to account for up to 25%. By 2030, 
plug-in hybrids and all-electric models should account for 
more than 50%.

A new average CO2 target value of 95 g/km went into effect in 
2020 for the entire fleet of new cars in the EU. The applicable 
limit for individual manufacturers is based on the average vehi-
cle weight of the respective vehicle fleet. The limit for our  
fleet of new cars will be higher due to the high average weight 
of the vehicles in our model range. We take compliance with 
this new requirement into account as early as the vehicle 
development stage by employing our Design for Environment 
approach E page 342, Glossary. In order to continuously 
improve environmental compatibility, these requirements are 
incorporated into our product performance specifications. 
These specifications define specific characteristics and target 
values – for example for fuel economy and CO₂ emissions – 
that must be achieved for every vehicle model and every 
engine variant. During the development process, we regularly 

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES  201

CO2 fleet emissions of Daimler Trucks & Buses
Daimler Trucks & Buses aims to offer only new vehicles that are 
CO2-neutral in driving operation (“tank-to-wheel”) in the triad  
of Europe, Japan, and NAFTA by 2039. As early as 2022, the com-
pany plans to have a vehicle portfolio comprising series-pro-
duced vehicles with battery-electric drive systems in these main 
sales regions. In order to achieve these targets and meet 
future legal stipulations in certain countries regarding the reduc-
tion of vehicle emissions and fuel consumption, Daimler  
Trucks & Buses has to employ the latest technology and enhance 
its range of battery-electric trucks and vehicles with other 
electrified drive systems. E pages 135 ff, Risk and Opportu-
nity Report

An important role is also being played by the launch of vehicles 
that comply with the Euro 6d-TEMP emissions standard. In  
the meantime, all Mercedes-Benz passenger cars that can be 
ordered as new vehicles now comply with this standard at a 
minimum.

Maintaining the trust of our customers is extremely important 
to us. Information about how the Company handles official 
inquiries, investigations, requirements, and proceedings relat-
ing to environmental laws and regulations in connection with 
diesel exhaust gas emissions can be found in the Risk and 
Opportunity Report. E pages 135 ff, Risk and Opportunity 
Report

Air pollution control

Resource conservation

In addition to climate protection, the improvement of inner-city 
air quality is an important environmental consideration for us. 
That’s because road traffic still accounts for a considerable 
share of nitrogen dioxide pollution (NO2) near roads.

Plans call for our new vehicle fleet to no longer have any rele-
vant impact on NO2 emissions in urban areas by 2025. Another 
of our aims is to increase transparency with regard to vehicle-
related particulate emissions and forge ahead with the 
research and development of new measures for reducing such 
emissions.

Responsibility for ensuring compliance with air pollution con-
trol requirements in the area of exhaust gas emissions is split 
between several units and executive divisions. At the vehicle  
level, the development departments at the vehicle divisions are 
responsible for ensuring such compliance.

A reduction of NOx emissions is made possible by an innovative 
overall package consisting of the engine and the exhaust treat-
ment system. This package is being continuously enhanced and 
has been comprehensively launched on the market in the new 
engine generation encompassing the OM 654, 656, and 608.

Overall, Daimler is developing software updates for a majority 
of its fleet of Euro 6b and Euro 5 diesel cars in Europe. These 
updates improve the nitrogen oxide emissions of the vehicles 
in normal operating status by 25 to 30 percent on average. 
This will be verified with the WLTC 1, 2, 3 measurement cycle. 
As early as 2017 Daimler announced that it would offer volun-
tary service measures that would include software updates  
for several millions of diesel vehicles in Europe. The company 
has since then extended this update campaign, among other 
things to include van models. Daimler has in addition been car-
rying out obligatory recalls – during which software updates 
are also applied – at the order of Germany’s Federal Motor 
Transport Authority (KBA) since 2018.

Along with fuel economy and emissions during vehicle opera-
tion, the processes used to manufacture our vehicles also play 
a key role in determining their environmental compatibility. For 
this reason, we work continuously to make production more 
efficient by, for example, reducing waste, utilizing closed-loop 
water systems, and recycling batteries from electric vehicles.

Production
Mercedes-Benz Cars is setting the course for green production 
in Germany and the rest of Europe in order to reduce the 
impact our plants have on the climate. Plans call for all manu-
facturing facilities in Europe to be supplied with CO2-neutral 
energy from 2022. Conservation of resources, including every-
thing from water to energy and raw materials, continues to 
hold the key to improving the ecological footprint of our manu-
facturing operations. Increasing our energy efficiency not only 
reduces our consumption of fuels; it also lowers energy con-
sumption as a whole and thus the CO2 emissions (E page 
200, Climate Protection) produced at our plants. The improve-
ment of recycling processes and reduced consumption of raw 
materials at our sites have the potential to reduce waste, while 
reductions in our water consumption lower the impact our pro-
duction operations have on natural water resources.

Our commitment to the environment is an integral component 
of our sustainable business strategy. For this reason, we have 
established environmental management systems at our manu-
facturing locations. In addition, our Environmental Management 
Manual defines a standardized Group-wide framework for our 
environmental management systems. The manual describes 
our environmental and energy guidelines in detail, as well as key 
environmental protection provisions of relevance to the Group.

We regularly check to ensure that all of our plants comply with 
these environmental protection provisions. Any incidents rele-
vant to environmental protection that occur at production loca-
tions that are majority-owned by the Group are documented 
within the framework of the plant environmental management 
systems. We then take all necessary measures to eliminate any 
damage. We also implement measures for improvement wher-
ever this is possible and expedient. The environmental mea-
sures are monitored by external auditors as part of the certifi-
cation process for our environmental management systems 
(ISO 14001, EMAS, ISO 50001), as well by internal environmen-
tal risk assessments ( E.01, Environmental-Due-Diligence-
Process).

202  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 

Since the year 2000, we have been using a Group-wide stan-
dardized method for assessing environmental risks (environ-
mental due diligence process) in order to prevent such risks 
and comply with statutory requirements. We employ this 
method both internally at all production locations in which the 
Group has a majority interest, as well as externally in connec-
tion with our acquisition plans. We also have a standardized 
process in place for inspecting and assessing the Group’s con-
solidated production sites every five years. The results are 
reported to the plants and divisional managements. In 2019, 
we evaluated all the production locations that are operated by 
the Mercedes-Benz Cars division and majority-owned by the 
Group. In addition, we annually assess the extent to which our 
recommendations for minimizing risks at the locations have 
been put into practice. The objective of all of our environmen-
tal risk assessments is to ensure that we achieve high environ-
mental standards at all of our production locations around the 
world.

Products
During the development of our Mercedes-Benz car models we 
prepare a recycling concept for every vehicle model. This con-
cept includes an analysis of the suitability of all components 
and materials for the various stages of the recycling process. 
As a result, all Mercedes-Benz car models are 85 percent recy-
clable and 95 percent recoverable, in accordance with 
ISO 22 628.

In order to evaluate the environmental compatibility of a vehi-
cle, Daimler has for many years now been producing life cycle 
assessments and examining environmental effects throughout 
the vehicle’s entire life cycle – from the extraction of raw mate-
rials and vehicle production to product use and recycling. In 
addition to raw material consumption, these examinations take 
into account other factors such as the medium-term and long-
term availability of raw materials.

Environmental protection and resource conservation are coor-
dinated and managed in various units throughout the Group. 
Group management is involved when fundamental decisions 
regarding vehicle development are made and when targets are 
defined for climate protection, air quality, and resource conser-
vation.

E.01
Methodology for assessing environmental risks

Feedback to plant management and divisional management

Inspection of 
 documents

Interviews

Tours

s
a
e
r
a
c
i

p
o
T

Environmental management

Emissions into the atmosphere

Discharge into bodies of water

Waste management

Soil/groundwater contamination

Dealing with hazardous materials

Implementing measures 
at the plants

 
E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | EMPLOYEE ISSUES  203

Employee Issues

The success of Daimler AG and its subsidiaries is largely dependent on the skills and commitment 
of its employees. Almost 300,000 people promote our company’s success worldwide by contribut-
ing their concepts and ideas to their respective tasks and work processes and by helping to make 
improvements and create innovations. Trusting relationships with employees are therefore more 
than just an ethical and legal requirement for us – without them we would not be able to conduct 
our business successfully.

In order to be able to recruit, further develop, and retain quali-
fied employees, we seek to present ourselves around the globe 
as an attractive employer and to motivate our employees to 
achieve top performance in the digital world. Our management 
staff play a key role here, so it is crucial that we equip our  
managers with outstanding leadership capabilities. In addition, 
we want to take on our social responsibility and let diversity 
flourish in our global company.

We want to reach these overarching goals by employing efficient 
processes. One of the control tools we use is our HR Score-
card, which uses key performance indicators (KPIs) concerning 
e.g. demographic development, diversity, and employer 
attractiveness. This enables us to evaluate the sustainability of 
human resources measures and processes in the individual 

areas of action. These are derived from our HR Strategy 
 E.02. HR-eData Manager Reports serve as another control 
tool. These reports are available to all managers as a self-ser-
vice feature. They contain KPIs and detailed information on 
managers’ personal areas of responsibility.

General figures regarding the development of our workforce 
numbers can be found in the Workforce section of the Manage-
ment Report. E pages 102 ff

Our Group-wide employee survey is a key indicator of where we 
currently stand from the point of view of our employees and 
what we need to do to improve the company in the future. The 
survey is conducted every two years, with the next one sched-
uled for 2020.

E.02
HR Strategy 2025

Daimler – Best Team

We provide innovative & efficient HR solutions to …

Vision

Mission

Competitive
workforce
…attract, develop and retain the 
right people

Forward-looking,
skilled leadership
…enable our management to shape 
the framework of the future

Employer of choice

Profitability

Strategic pillars

…foster a diverse, empowering, and 
inspiring culture

…ensure continuous competitive-
ness

Mission

1
0
11
00
01
10
011
110
100
0100

100
0101
10100
01111
00011
1000001
001111001

0
10
111
010
101

0
1
0
001

0
0
110
011
1001
0010
1100

1
10
01
101
1101
0010

Digitalization

0
11
10
00
011
01010

01
11
1011
10100

Operational excellence in HR

And we act as one team

0
1
11
01
00
11
010
101
1010
1101

0001
10110
001001
111110
110100
101000101
0101111010

Basic

204  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | EMPLOYEE ISSUES 

Partnership with the employees

We want to work together with our employees as partners, 
respect their interests, and get them involved in the company. 
An important source of guidance for us here are our Group-
wide Principles of Social Responsibility, which are based on the 
International Labour Organization’s (ILO) work and social stan-
dards. All of our employees are provided with information about 
these principles. Reports of violations of the principles are 
received by the whistleblower system BPO (Business Practices 
Office), which directs the subsequent investigations according 
to the area of responsibility E pages 213 ff, Integrity and 
Compliance.

We structure our decision-making processes in a manner that 
ensures transparency for our employees, and we also enable 
our employees to participate in decision-making processes. We 
work together with our employees as partners, respect their 
interests, and get them actively involved in the company. We 
have established how we take on responsibility in our employee 
relationships in our policies and company agreements. Our 
employees have the right to organize themselves in labor unions. 
We also ensure this right in countries in which freedom of 
association is not legally protected. We work together construc-
tively with the employee representatives and the trade unions. 
Important partners here include the local works councils, the 
European Works Council, and the World Employee Committee 
(WEC). Collective bargaining agreements apply to the majority 
of our employees throughout the Group. Such agreements 
apply in particular for all of the employees at Daimler AG, 
Mercedes-Benz AG, and Daimler Truck AG.

Various (company-wide) agreements grant our employees spe-
cific rights and define additional rules and regulations. These 
agreements address topics such as mobile working, family 
leave, reductions in working hours, and home health care.

Within the framework of the ongoing dialog between the corpo-
rate management and the employees’ association, employees 
at Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, Daimler Truck AG, and 
Daimler Brand & IP Management GmbH & Co. KG have been 
given a job-security guarantee for the period until 2029. As a 
result, terminations for operational reasons are excluded on 
principle until December 31, 2029. This agreement applies to 
employees who have remained at Daimler AG, as well as all 
employees who were affected by a transition of operations 
resulting from the new Group structure and who did not con-
test their transfer to the new organization.

Employer attractiveness

Our activities and measures for enhancing our attractiveness  
as an employer are designed to enable us to recruit and retain 
a sufficient number of specialized employees and qualified 
managers in the competition for talented staff. Our primary 
objectives here are to ensure attractive and fair compensation 
and to establish and maintain a work culture that enables  
outstanding performance and a high level of motivation and 
satisfaction among our employees.

Fair remuneration
We remunerate work in accordance with the same principles  
at all Group companies around the world. Our Corporate Com-
pensation Policy, which is valid for all groups of employees, 
establishes the framework conditions and minimum require-
ments for the design of the remuneration systems. Internal 
audits are conducted on a random basis to make sure these 
conditions and requirements are met. In our desire to offer  
salaries and benefits that are customary in the industry and 
the respective markets, we also give consideration to local 
market conditions within the specified framework. The salaries 
are determined on the basis of each employee’s tasks and  
performance and in line with their qualifications and experience. 
In setting the remuneration of the employees we are not 
guided by gender or origin, but exclusively by the employee’s 
function and responsibility.

Employees who have complaints regarding remuneration can 
report these to their immediate manager. If the questions can-
not be resolved satisfactorily in this way, employees can con-
tact their HR department or the Works Council. In companies 
subject to collective bargaining agreements, such as Daimler 
AG, for example, the agreements that have been reached grant 
employees additional rights, including the right to object to 
their placement in a specific wage/salary group or to the 
results of their performance assessment.

In employment relationships subject to a collective bargaining 
agreement Daimler AG and its subsidiaries usually offer addi-
tional voluntary benefits that are agreed upon with the respec-
tive employees’ representative bodies. These benefits include 
employer-funded contributions to retirement benefits and, in 
many cases, profit-sharing agreements for the respective  
company as well. For example, the eligible employees of Daimler 
AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, and Daimler Truck AG will receive a 
profit-sharing participation of €597 for 2019 (for this scope, a 
one-time appreciation bonus of up to €500 was also agreed  
as a thank you and recognition for the commitment in 2019).

In 2019 the Group spent:

– € 18.336 billion on wages and salaries
– € 3.536 billion on social welfare services, and
–  € 0.8 billion on retirement benefits for a workforce 

 numbering 301,839 on average.

We conduct income reviews for employees and managers on  
a regular basis. The associated integration rounds with the 
managers in question are carried out under the direction of the 
human resources units in a manner that ensures salary deci-
sion-making transparency. This is done in order to prevent any 
possibility of discrimination. The remuneration guidelines  
and tables for employees paid according to collective bargaining 
wage tariffs, for example at Daimler AG, can be viewed on the 
Social Intranet. We are now providing to employees additional 
information relating to the implementation of Germany’s  
remuneration transparency act. This includes information that 
shows employees the various remuneration components of 
comparable groups of both genders.

The hourly wage we pay temporary workers in the commercial 
and industrial units corresponds to the wage offered to newly 
hired employees with temporary or permanent contracts in the 
same units. This policy, which is based on the master/ERA  
collective bargaining agreement for the metalworking industry 
in the state of Baden-Württemberg, is adapted in line with the 
requirements of the job profile in question.

Modern working conditions
Modern forms of living and working now also include new work 
models such as mobile work, reductions in working hours, 
part-time work, job sharing for managers, and leave of absence 
programs for sabbaticals, training, and home health care.

We have introduced numerous measures and programs that 
allow our employees to organize their working times flexibly  
in line with their individual situation and enable them to recon-
cile their professional and personal responsibilities. For exam-
ple, Daimler offers its employees throughout Germany child 
care places at 14 company facilities, and additional child care 
places are available via partnerships.

We also offer our employees opportunities to further develop 
their skills and qualifications and to integrate new working 
methods and learning techniques into their daily activities.

In order to remain successful in the future, we work constantly 
to improve our management culture and the way we cooperate. 
This is also why we launched the “Leadership 2020” initiative 
in 2016. Employees from more than 23 countries and all levels 
of the hierarchy, and of all ages and genders, have participated 
in the process of shaping our future management culture. The 
initiative has led to the definition of the following new manage-
ment principles: Pioneering Spirit, Agility, Purpose, Learning, 
Empowerment, Co-creation, Customer Orientation, and “Driven 
to Win.” Among other things, these principles are intended to 
make the company faster and more flexible and boost its inno-
vative potential. We have also set up eight sub-projects within 
the framework of our “Leadership 2020” initiative. These game 
changers are geared toward questioning and changing proce-
dures and structures that range from decision-making processes 
and organizational structures to work methods and tools. The 
“Leadership 2020” initiative will continue over the next few 
years as “Leadership 20X.”

We have also launched a human resources development and 
performance process for managers and executives known as 
“IMPULSE,” in which managers work with their teams to define 
the contribution they wish to make to the success of the com-
pany, and then monitor the effectiveness of the associated 
measures. We have established the NAVI process for non-pro-
duction employees at Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, and 
Daimler Truck AG. NAVI is a standardized leadership process 
consisting of initial leadership discussions, reviews conducted 
during the year, and final discussions.

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | EMPLOYEE ISSUES  205

A competitive workforce

We can only be successful if we have a skilled and high-per-
forming workforce. It is therefore crucial that we continuously 
promote the development of our employees in order to remain 
competitive.

Employee development and securing young talent
The goals of our professional training, continuing education, and 
qualification programs are to offer our employees opportuni-
ties for lifelong learning and continuous further development, 
safeguard the competitiveness of our company, and ensure 
that we can recruit and secure young talent. Further aims include 
establishing an agile management culture and organization 
that is supported by digital systems and ensuring that we keep 
pace with the technological transformation of mobility. For  
this reason, we offer various programs on a regular basis that 
enable our employees to improve their qualifications, become 
familiar with changed requirements, and acquire and develop new 
skills. Among other things, the approach we employ here 
makes use of digital learning formats and qualification measures 
that are implemented directly in the workplace. In 2019, we 
defined strategic areas of action for professional education. 
These areas include the transformation of mobility, agility in 
professional education, digital education projects, and interna-
tionalization. The areas apply equally to Daimler AG, 
Mercedes-Benz AG, and Daimler Truck AG.

The “company-wide agreement on qualification” regulates pro-
fessional training at Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, Daimler 
Truck AG, and Daimler Brand & IP Management GmbH & Co. 
KG. This agreement standardizes the qualification process and 
makes it more efficient. Our employees should take part in pro-
fessional training and qualification for their professional and 
personal development throughout their careers. Employees are 
supported by our managers as they proceed along their career 
paths. A key focus of our qualification measures in the report-
ing year involved topics relating to electric mobility, for example.

The Daimler Corporate Academy helps the Group develop a new 
management culture and world of work. The central mission  
of the Academy is to safeguard the further development of man-
agers throughout the Group and around the globe within the 
framework of a leadership program. Around 150,000 partici-
pants worldwide have received personal and professional train-
ing in 2019 with the programs of the Corporate Academy. The 
portfolio includes courses in business skills, as well as initia-
tives that address trends such as the digital transformation of 
the Group, agile work methods, and future skills for experts. 
The Corporate Academy also offers Daimler Academic Pro-
grams, which enable employees to pursue a course of study 
while they continue to work.

Programs such as “Skilled Worker in Focus” and the team leader 
development program ensure that employees in production 
and production-related units also receive non-specialized gen-
eral training and education according to uniform standards.  
In 2019, for example, 76 employees used the “Skilled Worker in 
Focus” program. We also focus especially on the development 
of talented young managers.

206  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | EMPLOYEE ISSUES 

The Global Training unit safeguards and increases the skills of 
our employees at the Mercedes-Benz sales organization. In 
2019, more than 700 Mercedes-Benz trainers in over 80 coun-
tries worldwide instructed approximately 203,000 partici-
pants. Employees complete 1.8 million training courses each 
year.

INspire is the name given to a series of international talent 
training programs that optimally prepare young professionals 
for their careers. Each one of our talent training programs 
offers cross-unit insights, training, and personal coaching.

In Germany, we recruit most of the young talent we need 
through our industrial-technical and commercial apprentice-
ships and the programs at the Cooperative State University. 
We developed the “Daimler Training System” for technical 
apprenticeships in Germany. Daimler also offers dual work-
study programs for 13 internationally recognized bachelor 
courses of study at 13 Group locations throughout Germany.

Our STEM education initiative, “Genius,” is designed to get  
children and young people enthusiastic about technology and 
technology topics. Genius also helps teachers make their 
classes varied and future-oriented by offering them practice-
related instructional materials, digital education materials,  
and interactive advanced training courses.

Diversity
At Daimler, we encourage equal opportunity and a culture of 
appreciation and respect – a culture in which one’s ethnicity, 
age, gender, individual physical capabilities or sexual identity 
or orientation have no bearing whatsoever on one’s job or 
career. Diversity and inclusion are firm components of our sus-
tainable business strategy, for which we have set ourselves 
targets and defined areas of action.

As a supervisory board of a listed company subject to parity 
codetermination, the Daimler AG Supervisory Board is legally 
required to have a gender ratio of at least 30% women. The 
Supervisory Board fulfills this requirement as a whole and also 
in terms of the side of the Supervisory Board representing  
the shareholders and the side representing the employees. In 
line with a further legal requirement, the Supervisory Board 
defined a target of 12.5% for the proportion of women on the 
Board of Management, with a deadline of December 31, 2020. 
This target has been clearly surpassed, as the proportion of 
women on the Board of Management is currently 25%. The Board 
of Management defined a target of 15% for the proportion of 
women in the first and second management levels of Daimler 
AG below the Board of Management, with a deadline of Decem-
ber 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the proportion of 
women at the first management level below the Board of Man-
agement was 12.5%; at the second level it was 23.8%. As a 
result of the deconsolidation of the Cars & Vans and Trucks & 
Buses divisions into Mercedes-Benz AG and Daimler Truck  
AG as part of Project Future, the number of executives of 
Daimler AG at the two management levels below the Board  
of Management and thus the number for determining the pro-
portion of women at these levels decreased significantly on 
December 31, 2019.

Beyond the current legal requirements, we have since 2006 
been setting clear goals for increasing the proportion of 
women in the various business units, and we check every 
month or quarter to see how we are progressing. For example, 

Daimler has defined its own target for the proportion of women 
in executive management positions at the Group level over  
a period of several years within the framework of its in-house 
guidelines (Gender Diversity Aspirational Guidelines). This  
target calls for a proportion of 20% by the end of 2020. The share 
of women in such positions stood at 19.8% at the end of 2019. 
Women currently account for 19.0% of the total workforce 
worldwide.

The Board of Management holds regular discussions (on a 
quarterly basis over the past few years) of the Group’s diversity 
management targets, activities, and results. The Diversity 
Update contains gender reporting information and if required 
information on any Group-wide projects. Our entire workforce 
knows that we expect all employees to treat one another with 
respect and appreciation. Managers serve as role models here 
and thus have a special responsibility for ensuring a corporate 
culture marked by fairness.

The Integrity and Diversity units at Daimler design the frame-
work and processes for such a culture. The Global Diversity 
Office is a corporate function that is part of the Group Human 
Resources organization. This office defines strategic targets 
and areas of action in cooperation with the business units and 
initiates group-wide projects, training programs, and aware-
ness promoting measures.

We offer various training and qualification measures for manag-
ers that are designed to make diversity and inclusion firm  
elements of their day-to-day management work. Consequently 
this topic area is a component of existing training courses  
for managers and staff in human resources units. Among other 
things, these courses teach participants how to address ste-
reotypes and prejudices.

In 2019, we held the seventh Daimler Diversity Day in coopera-
tion with the Diversity Charter initiative, of which we are a 
founding member. The motto of the event was “Changing Per-
spectives. Ready to Be Different.”

Daimler has 12 official Employee Resource Groups that enable 
employees with shared interests, experiences, and values to 
discuss various issues across all business units and hierarchi-
cal levels.

Training for young people with disabilities is particularly impor-
tant to Daimler. As early as 2006, we began cooperating with 
the severely disabled persons’ representative to put together  
a plan of action for taking on severely disabled trainees. In pre-
vious years Daimler AG already surpassed the legally pre-
scribed share of 5%. Almost 9,000 employees with disabilities 
work at Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, and Daimler Truck 
AG. Daimler was presented with the German “Inclusion Award 
for the Economy 2019” in April 2019. The award jury honored 
the sustainable anchoring of disability inclusion in the company.

Daimler employs people from more than 160 nations, and we 
utilize this diversity to put together optimal teams.

Our generation management focuses on measures for main-
taining the performance and health of younger and older 
employees as well as for promoting cooperation between peo-
ple of different ages. Our Senior Experts program offers expe-
rienced retired employees the opportunity to come back to 
work and contribute their expertise to various projects for a 

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | EMPLOYEE ISSUES  207

Various locations have their occupational safety and health 
management systems certified independently by external cer-
tification agencies in accordance with the ISO 45001 (formerly 
OHSAS 18001) standard in addition to the safety due diligence 
audits. In 2019, approximately 100,000 employees were work-
ing at production locations with a certified management sys-
tem. That corresponds to around 40% of our global workforce.

Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, and Daimler Truck AG utilize a 
cross-site accident documentation system in conjunction with 
a standardized statistics system. All sites issue reports on 
recent accidents and regularly disclose accident figures for 
their facilities. In addition, Corporate Safety annually defines 
targeted upper limits for accidents at our various sites and 
units. This approach is supplemented by annual agreements on 
goals with the respective body responsible for personnel. 
These agreements also include the implementation of measures 
relating to occupational health and safety. A monthly report  
is also produced for each business unit. Group-wide accident 
figures are reported to the Human Resources & Labor Rela-
tions Director every three months.  E.03

Our employees are provided with comprehensive occupational 
health advice and can also take advantage of various measures 
and services offered by our company health-promotion pro-
gram and counseling service. For many years now our health 
management system has focused on forward-looking solutions 
that range from the job-related “Daimler GesundheitsCheck” 
and the ergonomic design of workstations to an IT system that 
makes it easier to permanently reintegrate employees suffer-
ing from limitations imposed by their health.

E.03
Accident figures1

Incidence of accidents

Number of accidents (worldwide)

2,957

3,152

2019

2018

Incidence of accidents 
(worldwide, number of work-related acci-
dents that resulted in at least one lost day 
per 1 million hours of attendance)

Accident downtime 
(worldwide, number of lost days per 1 million 
hours of attendance)

Number of deaths as a result of work-
related accidents

Number of employee deaths as a result of 
work-related accidents2

Number of deaths of third-party employees 
as a result of work-related accidents

Rate

6.8

7.7

107

113

2

1

1

1

1

0

1   Reporting rate of Daimler production locations worldwide: > 99%.
2   Tragically, a Daimler employee and a third-party employee suffered 

fatal work-related accidents in Germany in 2019.

maximum of six months. More than 800 assignments of senior 
experts have taken place since this program was launched in 
2013.

The principle of equality between men and women has been 
set out in binding form at Daimler AG, Mercedes-Benz AG, 
Daimler Truck AG, and Daimler Brand & IP Management GmbH 
& Co. KG in company-wide agreements on “The Advancement 
of Women” and “Equal Opportunity.” Daimler also complies 
around the globe with relevant international agreements and 
principles of social responsibility.

Our principles regarding diversity and equal opportunity are 
described in our Integrity Code and our Group-wide “Fairness 
in the Workplace” agreement. Employees who have been  
victims of discrimination, bullying or sexual harassment, or who 
observe improper behavior by colleagues, can report such  
violations of policy to their supervisors, the HR department, our 
counseling service, their local medical services organization  
or the Works Council. They can also contact our whistleblower 
system BPO (Business Practices Office). In this way, all staff 
members around the world, as well as external whistleblowers, 
can report violations that pose a high risk to the company and 
its employees. E pages 213 ff, Integrity and Compliance

Occupational health and safety

Our overarching goal is to maintain Daimler employees’ health 
and physical well-being over the long term. We employ a pre-
ventive approach for maintaining workplace safety and the 
health of our employees. This approach is designed to help 
prevent work accidents, work-related illnesses, and occupa-
tional diseases to the greatest extent possible.

Every organizational unit within the Daimler Group defines and 
pursues occupational safety objectives on a regular basis. We 
utilize a top-down approach for defining our objectives and 
programs. Here, the general overarching strategy is developed 
by the Chief Group Physician and the Chief Safety Engineer 
and then discussed with the Board of Management. This gen-
eral strategy, which is binding for all organizational units at 
Group companies, is based on our occupational health and 
safety guidelines and occupational safety strategy, as well as 
the results of audits and reviews.

We monitor the implementation of the corporate policy on 
occupational health and safety internally by means of safety 
due diligence audits. These audits address areas such as 
safety and accident management, risks arising from dangerous 
activities, fire and explosion risks, risks posed by ambient con-
ditions, and risks associated with equipment and machinery. 
Our Health & Safety staff notify the responsible unit managers 
about any risks that have been identified in the audits, and 
then make specific recommendations for eliminating them. By 
the end of the reporting period, 20% of all production locations 
in which we have majority holdings had been audited in this 
manner. We are looking to increase this figure to 100% by 
2023.

208  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | SOCIAL ISSUES 

Social Issues

As a global automotive company, we operate in an environment that is subject to a variety of soci-
etal, social, and political influencing factors. In order to ensure that we can continue to operate 
effectively in the future, we need to make our company’s interests understandable to governments 
and society, and must also address the concerns of groups within society. We therefore regularly 
share information with our stakeholders and communicate our interests in an open and fair dialog 
with governments and political representatives.

Incorporation of stakeholders

We consider it important to engage in a continuous dialog  
with all of our interest groups so that we can bring together 
various perspectives on our involvement with sustainability 
issues, identify and address future trends early on, and share 
experiences. We also want to engage in constructive discus-
sions of controversial themes at a very early stage. We always 
focus on conducting a dialog that is fruitful and productive  
for both sides.

In order to conduct this kind of dialog, we need to identify  
our stakeholders. We define stakeholders as individuals and 
organizations that have legal, financial, ethical or ecological 
expectations regarding Daimler. One of the criteria for identify-
ing and weighting stakeholders is the extent to which a person  
or group is affected by our company’s decisions or, conversely, 
can influence such decisions. Our primary stakeholders are  
our shareholders, employees, customers, and suppliers. How-
ever, we also communicate regularly with civil groups such  
as NGOs, as well as associations, trade unions, the media, ana-
lysts, municipalities, residents in the communities where we 
operate, and representatives of science and government.

We utilize various instruments to identify and select relevant 
stakeholders. These instruments comprise, on the one hand, 
proactive methods for initiating a dialog with stakeholders. 
Examples here include the Daimler Sustainability Dialogue, 
stakeholder surveys, the Advisory Board for Integrity and Cor-
porate Responsibility, specialist conferences, and thematic 
dialog sessions that can also take the form of workshops. On 
the other hand, we employ a monitoring approach that helps  
us identify specific developments and the associated expecta-
tions beyond the dialog events that we have initiated. Exam-
ples of this approach include participation in industry-specific 
and cross-industry networks and initiatives, consulting studies 
and publications, and media analysis.

Dialog at the Group level
In order to implement the dialog with our stakeholders through-
out the Group, we have defined clear areas of responsibility, 
communication channels, and specific dialog formats. The pro-
active dialog with our stakeholders is initiated by experts  
from the Integrity and Legal Affairs division and coordinated by 
our corporate sustainability bodies.

One essential tool of the dialog with our stakeholders is the 
Daimler Sustainability Dialogue, which has been held annually 
in Stuttgart since 2008 and brings various stakeholder groups 
together with members of our Board of Management and exec-
utive management. The participants attend a range of work-

shops, where they discuss issues related to sustainability  
and work together to further develop them. The Daimler repre-
sentatives responsible for specific themes take up the 
impulses addressed in the discussions and work together with 
the stakeholders to incorporate these ideas into their work 
throughout the year. They then report at the event in the fol-
lowing year on the progress made in the interim. We held 
our 12th Daimler Sustainability Dialogue in Stuttgart during the 
year under review. The evening before the event was devoted 
to the topic of sustainable mobility in cities. On the main day  
of the event, more than 100 stakeholders split up into seven 
working groups to discuss themes such as human rights, envi-
ronmental protection, autonomous driving, and artificial intelli-
gence with Daimler representatives.

As a global company, we have set ourselves the goal of imple-
menting sustainability standards at our business units and spe-
cialist units around the world. For this reason, we organize 
Daimler Sustainability Dialogue events in other countries and 
regions as well. Such dialog events have been held in China, 
Japan, the United States, and Argentina. During the year under 
review, more than 300 stakeholders attended the seventh 
Daimler Sustainability Dialogue in Beijing, where they dis-
cussed topics such as battery recycling, smart cities, and arti-
ficial intelligence. w daimler.com/sustainability/ 
daimler-sustainability-dialogue-2019.html

The Advisory Board for Integrity and Corporate Responsibility 
has been an important source of input for sustainability activi-
ties at Daimler since 2012. The board’s members – external 
experts from the fields of science and business, as well as from 
civic organizations – utilize an external point of view to offer us 
critically constructive and independent support for the integ-
rity and corporate responsibility process at Daimler. The board 
meets at regular intervals and also holds discussions with 
members of the Board of Management and responsible per-
sonnel from the respective specialist units. During the year 
under review, the Advisory Board also held a joint meeting with 
the Supervisory Board. The Advisory Board’s members have 
extensive experience and possess a variety of specialized 
knowledge regarding environmental and social policy, various 
human rights and ethical issues, and the development of trans-
port, traffic, and mobility. During the year under review, the 
Advisory Board focused in particular on the further develop-
ment of our sustainable business strategy. w daimler.com/
sustainability/basics/integrity/the-advisory-board-for-integrity.
html

We also maintain regular contact with representatives from 
civic organizations and other companies. In addition to the dia-
logs we initiate, we also participate in various associations, 

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | SOCIAL ISSUES  209

committees, and sustainability initiatives. Some of the most 
important initiatives here are the UN Global Compact, econ-
sense – a German business forum for sustainable development, 
and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.

We also utilize online and print media, discussions with experts, 
workshops, and local and regional dialog events for our dialog 
with stakeholders. In addition to the formally structured dialog, 
we receive inquiries from stakeholders concerning various  
sustainability-related topics. These inquiries are addressed 
directly by specific specialist units and business units in a 
decentralized manner. This approach brings our stakeholders 
closer to our business operations and enables specialized 
knowledge to be directly incorporated into the dialog. Individ-
ual inquiries from stakeholders are also reported on in the 
meetings of our sustainability bodies and committees and are 
thus taken into consideration in the strategic decisions made 
by our sustainability management organization. Our sustainabil-
ity bodies also coordinate dialog with our stakeholders on 
interdisciplinary issues. The topics addressed most extensively 
in discussions during the year under review included climate 
protection, respect for human rights, livable cities, data 
responsibility, and artificial intelligence.

Dialog at the local and regional levels
We also engage in a dialog with the stakeholders at our loca-
tions. In connection with specific occasions and projects, we 
address questions, concerns, criticism, and suggestions made 
by stakeholders and conduct an open-ended dialog with them. 
We also stage proactive dialog and information events on cur-
rent topics. The results of all of our dialog measures are incor-
porated into decision-making and decision-implementation 
processes at the company. An example of such a result is the 
Urban Mobility Platform (PUM), which is an initiative launched 
by nine automotive industry companies and nine German cit-
ies. The platform was created in order to establish a continu-
ous process of dialog and cooperation between cities and the 
automotive industry regarding the design of future mobility 
systems for urban areas. Daimler is a founding member of the 
initiative and also actively participates in its pilot projects. 
w plattform-urbane-mobilitaet.de

Political dialog and representation of interests

As a company with global operations, we have to deal with a 
wide range of political and societal changes and decisions that 
have a major impact on our daily business activities. It is there-
fore important for Daimler that we represent the interests of 
our company in an open and trusting dialog and develop joint 
solutions. The overarching goal of our approach to represent-
ing our interests is to harmonize the company’s interests with 
the interests of society at large as far as possible. On the one 
hand, we bring our ideas into social and political change and 
decision-making processes and, on the other hand, integrate 
social and political expectations into strategic and operational 
corporate decisions.

Political representation of interests means being in constant 
dialogue with decision-makers. These decision-makers include 
politicians, government officials, and representatives of politi-
cal interest groups, trade organizations, business associations, 
and public officials. We conduct discussions with such individ-
uals at various levels, listen to what they have to say, commu-
nicate our interests and concerns to them, and in this manner 
assume social responsibility. Our dialog with NGOs and various 
social movements is one of our core tasks and is becoming 
more and more important.

Our strategy for representing our political interests is system-
atically aligned with our corporate strategy. We focus here on 
issues such as climate protection and air quality, livable cities, 
vehicle safety, handling data responsibly, human rights, trade 
policy, location-specific matters, and labor legislation. In this 
context, we hold regular discussions and events in a variety of 
formats that allow us to systematically approach decision-mak-
ers and other societal protagonists and exchange ideas not 
only on core topics in the automotive industry but also on the 
issues that will shape its future. In the process we are open to 
constructive dialog with all relevant stakeholders, and we take 
other points of view into account in our activities. In addition, 
we contribute our knowledge and commitment to many discus-
sions. For example, we participate in the strategic dialog for 
the automotive industry in Baden-Württemberg, as well as in 
the German government’s National Platform Future of Mobility 

E.04
Examples of instruments of stakeholder dialog

Information

Dialog

Participation

-   Daimler Sustainability Report as well as 

regional reports (such as the Daimler China 
Sustainability Report)

-   Environmental declarations by the plants
-   Press and public-relations work
-   Corporate website
-   Blogs and social media
-   Social Intranet and internal communication
-   Plant tours, receptions, 
Mercedes-Benz Museum

–  Annual “Daimler Sustainability 
Dialogue”(Germany/regions)
-   Local dialog with residents and 

 municipalities

-   Stakeholder consultation in topic-related 

workgroups

-   Advisory Board for Integrity and Corporate 

Responsibility

-   Internal dialog sessions on integrity and 

-   Peer review within the framework of sustain-

ability initiatives such as the UN Global 
Compact

compliance

-   Daimler Supplier Portal
-   Membership of sustainability initiatives and 

networks

-   Collaboration in the BDI workgroup on artifi-

cial intelligence

-   Specialist conferences on societal topics 

and debates

-   Topic and project-related discussions
-   New dialog formats on future questions: 

think tanks, hackathons, ideation challenge

The Head of External Affairs and Public Policy is also a perma-
nent member of the Group Sustainability Board and as such is 
actively involved in many sustainability-related issues 
E page 198. In addition, the External Affairs and Public Policy 
department works closely with the specialist units on ques-
tions relating to the representation of the Group’s interests. 
External Affairs also regularly holds Governmental Affairs Com-
mittees, at which the Head of External Affairs and other offi-
cials from the unit meet with Board of Management members 
and Level 1 managers to coordinate important upcoming lobby-
ing decisions. In accordance with our policies, employees at 
Group companies of the Daimler Group and Daimler AG who 
represent our interests must register with External Affairs.

In addition to direct dialog with political decision-makers, we 
are represented via major industrial associations, such as the 
German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA). In these 
ways we participate in many political debates concerning air 
pollution control in German cities and the promotion of sus-
tainable mobility, for example. We are actively participating in 
the development of solutions by means of our know-how and 
our technology. We also maintain contact with representatives 
from civic organizations and other companies, and we partici-
pate in further associations, committees, and sustainability ini-
tiatives.

210  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | SOCIAL ISSUES 

and many other forums. Here we work with government offi-
cials, politically and socially committed groups, opinion lead-
ers, and experts in order to promote the transformation of the 
automotive industry.

Daimler has defined principles for political dialog and commu-
nicating our interests. In doing so, we maintain political 
restraint and balance and do not allow ourselves to be instru-
mentalised in party politics. With various instruments, we 
ensure that our political interests are in line with applicable 
regulations and ethical standards. In the association’s work 
and cooperation with other companies, special attention is 
paid to the antitrust requirements. Our internally binding 
requirements are, among other things, laid down in a world-
wide policy and in the Group’s Integrity Code.

Our policy on “Lobbying and Political Donations” governs grants, 
donations to political parties, and the use of other instruments 
for representing our interests in the political realm. The Board 
of Management of Daimler AG decided not to make donations 
to political parties in 2019. This decision was not based on cur-
rent political or economic developments.

As a company that does business worldwide, we encounter 
various political and societal changes and decisions that have 
a decisive impact on our own business operations. That is why 
it is important for Daimler to represent our company’s inter-
ests in an open and trust-based dialog and to cooperatively 
work out solutions.

We seek to ensure that our political lobbying is carried out in 
accordance with applicable regulations and ethical standards. 
For this reason, Daimler is listed in the transparency register of 
the European Union and also complies with the register’s Code 
of Conduct. The internal policies mentioned above describe how 
we address risks in connection with the political representa-
tion of our interests. These risks are also addressed through 
firmly established Group-wide compliance processes. Informa-
tion about misconduct relating to our lobbying activities can  
be addressed to the BPO (Business Practices Office) whistle-
blower system. E pages 213 f

Our central coordinating body for political dialog at the national 
and international levels is the External Affairs and Public Policy 
unit, which is located in Stuttgart and falls under the responsi-
bility of the Chairman of the Board of Management. This unit 
operates a global network with offices in Berlin, Brussels, Beijing, 
Singapore, Madrid, Stuttgart, and Washington and also has 
corporate representations in other key markets. Our objective 
is to ensure that our interests are represented by addressing 
political target groups in an organized manner using content 
which has been coordinated across the group.

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE  211

Integrity and Compliance

Shared values provide orientation in times of technological transformation and societal change. 
These values help us make the right decisions and act as a responsible member of society. Integrity 
is as much a part of everyday business conduct at Daimler as compliance and legal responsibility.

Integrity management

Our stakeholders, for example our shareholders or other societal 
stakeholders such as various associations, government bodies, 
our customers, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 
rightly expect us to act in an ethical manner and comply with 
all applicable laws and regulations. Such ethical conduct is 
also in our own interest.

We are firmly convinced that we can only be successful over the 
long term if we fulfill not only our financial responsibility but 
also our responsibility to society and the environment – on both 
the local and global levels. For us, this involves more than  
just obeying laws, as we also seek to align our activities with 
shared principles and values. The concept of integrity plays  
a key role here. Integrity is one of the four corporate values that 
form the foundation of our business activities and shape the 
way we view ourselves.

For Daimler, integrity means doing the right thing by acting on 
our values. More specifically, our aspiration is to always  
comply with internal and external regulations, act in accordance 
with our corporate values, and listen to our inner compass.  
This is especially important in situations for which there are no 
clear rules, or in which the rules that do exist can be inter-
preted in different ways.

Integrity also plays an important role in the development of new 
products and services. That’s why our focus on integrity begins 
with product-creation and decision-making processes. This 
approach helps to reduce legal risks and protect the company’s 
reputation.

How we make integrity part of our daily business activities
Our Integrity Code defines guidelines for our everyday business 
conduct, offers our employees orientation, and helps them 
make the right decisions even in difficult business situations. 
In doing so, we act in accordance with our corporate princi-
ples, which involves more than just complying with laws and 
regulations. We also take responsibility for our actions and 
seek to strike a balance between profitability and the needs of 
people and the environment. Openness and transparency form 
the foundation of our conduct, and our collaboration is based 
on trust and respect. We view the diversity of our workforce as 
one of our strengths.

Employees from different departments and units throughout 
the Group helped us create this policy. The rules contained in 

the Code are binding for all employees at Daimler AG and the 
Group companies, and we expect all of our employees and 
business partners to adhere to the underlying principles out of 
a sense of conviction. The Integrity Code has been published in 
ten different languages. A separate website for the Integrity 
Code has been set up on the Group’s intranet. This site offers a 
clear overview of all sections of the Code, as well as detailed 
information on specific issues and information on contact per-
sons and points of contact for discussing integrity-related 
issues.

Our Integrity Code also defines requirements for our manag-
ers: We expect our executives at all levels to serve as role 
models in terms of ethical behavior and thus offer employees 
guidance in this regard.

The task of Integrity Management is to promote and further 
develop the culture of integrity at the Daimler Group. The unit’s 
goal is to establish and maintain a common understanding of 
integrity in order to reduce risks and help ensure Daimler’s 
sustained success. The unit’s experts for change management, 
corporate responsibility management, training, and consulting 
develop innovative and employee-focused approaches and for-
mats that are designed to strengthen the culture of integrity. 
The Head of Integrity Management reports directly on a regular 
basis to the member of the Board of Management responsible 
for Integrity and Legal Affairs. The Head of Integrity Manage-
ment also participates in all executive-management meetings.

Because of their strategic significance, we have combined the 
responsibilities for integrity, compliance, and legal affairs 
within a single executive division. This division supports all cor-
porate units in their efforts to ensure that these issues remain 
an integral component of daily business conduct over the long 
term.

Contacts for integrity-related questions and issues
Our “Infopoint Integrity” is the central contact and advice center 
for all employees and managers who need advice on integrity-
related questions and issues. The Infopoint either offers direct 
assistance by obtaining the relevant information from the  
specialists responsible, or else ensures that inquiries are for-
warded to the appropriate contact partner. In line with this 
approach, the Infopoint works together with experts for legal 
and HR issues, data protection, compliance, diversity, and  
sustainability as well as other specialist units. A worldwide net-
work of local compliance and legal contact persons is also 
available to our employees.

212  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE 

Measures for promoting ethical conduct
Whether it’s dialog sessions, training courses, consulting or 
employee surveys – we employ numerous measures to initiate 
discussions on the topic of integrity and promote ethical and 
responsible behavior. In this way we provide employees at all 
levels of the hierarchy with crucial support in their daily activi-
ties and decision-making.

Input from employees
Our “Big Picture Integrity” survey is an important element for 
strengthening and further developing our culture of integrity. 
This global employee survey on integrity and compliance was 
conducted throughout the Group in the fall of 2019. The survey 
results form the basis for strengthening our corporate culture 
in this regard, as they reveal areas of action and help us formu-
late appropriate measures for addressing the associated 
issues. The results are also used to help define the non-finan-
cial goals relating to “Integrity” and “Diversity” for the manage-
ment remuneration system. E pages 112 f

A network of integrity contact persons enables our business 
divisions to validate, prioritize, and implement integrity-related 
measures in their organizations. Integrity Management sup-
ports such efforts by making contact persons for relevant issues 
available and offering an Integrity Tool Kit on the intranet that 
can be used by all interested employees. This Tool Kit contains 
information, formats for reflection, case studies, and other 
tools that can be used by individuals or groups to address the 
topic of integrity. A major focus of our work in 2019 involved 
dialog sessions that are designed to establish a better under-
standing of integrity at our various business divisions and  
the “Speak Up” initiative. We see “Speak Up” as promoting a 
culture in which all topics can be addressed in an open man-
ner. In addition, we are providing more support to our business 
divisions with regard to the responsible handling of personal 
data in connection with the challenges associated with data-
based business models. Here we offer assistance to all 
employees via the company intranet.

Communication at all levels
We conduct an ongoing open dialog with our employees in order 
to ensure that integrity will remain embedded in the company’s 
daily business over the long term. We regularly address integ-
rity issues in our internal media and make a wide range of 
materials available to our corporate units – for example bro-
chures, films, and an app that provides information on integrity, 
compliance, and legal affairs. We also place great value on 
face-to-face discussions. For this reason, we regularly conduct 
individually designed dialog events with employees at all levels 
of the hierarchy, as well as with external stakeholders. These 
events are held both in Germany and at our locations abroad.

In the course of these events we provide food for thought,  
consider integrity from a range of different perspectives, and 
increase the participants’ awareness of the importance of 
making ethical decisions. For example, we present case stud-
ies that enable employees to experience and discuss the  
relevance of integrity to daily business operations from various 
viewpoints, and then put what they learn into practice.

Training for employees and managers
Our measures for further developing our integrity management 
system also include a broad range of training programs that 
are continuously expanded and updated. All employees and 
managers participate in a web-based integrity training program 
at regular intervals. In order to offer participants optimal sup-
port, the training program also contains a management module 
that is compulsory for all management staff. It explains in 
detail the role of executives and managers with regard to integ-
rity, compliance, and applicable law. Furthermore, selected 
seminars designed to enhance the qualifications and skills of 
our management staff also include modules that focus on 
integrity. E page 214

Our Compliance Management System

Value-based compliance is an indispensable part of our daily 
business activities at Daimler. For us, compliance means act-
ing in accordance with laws and regulations. Our objective  
here is to ensure that all of our employees worldwide are always 
able to carry out their work in a manner that is in compliance 
with applicable laws, regulations, agreements with workers’ 
representative bodies, voluntary commitments, and our values, 
as set out in binding form in our Integrity Code.

Our compliance activities focus on complying with anti-corrup-
tion regulations, the maintenance and promotion of fair com-
petition, the compliance of our products with technical and reg-
ulatory stipulations, respect for and the protection of human 
rights, adherence to data protection laws, compliance with 
sanctions, and the prevention of money laundering.

Our Compliance Management System (CMS) consists of basic 
principles and measures for the promotion of compliant  
behavior throughout the Group. The CMS is based on national 
and international standards and is applied on a global scale  
at Daimler AG and all Group companies. The CMS consists of 
seven elements that build on one another.

Compliance values and objectives
The objective of our CMS is, on the foundation of our culture of 
integrity, to promote compliance with applicable laws and  
policies within the company and on the part of its employees 
and to prevent inappropriate behavior. The measures needed 
for this are defined by our compliance and legal organizations 
in a process that also takes the company’s business require-
ments into account in an appropriate manner.

Further information on integrity at Daimler: E page 211

E.05
The Daimler Compliance Management System

I. Compliance values

VII. Monitoring 
& improvement

II. Compliance goals

VI. Communication 
& training

III. Compliance 
 organization

V. Compliance 
program

IV. Compliance 
risks

Compliance organization
Our compliance and legal organizations have set themselves 
the goal of ensuring Group-wide conformance with laws and 
regulations. Our compliance organization is structured in a 
divisional and regional manner, while our legal organizations 
are structured divisionally, regionally, and along the value 
chain. These structures enable us to provide optimal support 
and advice to our divisions.

A contact person is made available to each function, division, 
and region. In addition, a global network of local contact per-
sons makes sure that our standards are met throughout the 
Group and also helps local management at Group companies 
implement our compliance program.

Involvement of company management
Our divisional and regional compliance managers report to  
the Chief Compliance Officer. This guarantees the compliance 
managers’ independence from the business divisions. The 
Chief Compliance Officer, the Vice President & Group General 
Counsel, and the Vice President Legal Product & Technical 
Compliance report directly to the Member of the Board of 
Management for Integrity and Legal Affairs and to the Audit 
Committee of the Supervisory Board.

They also report regularly to the Board of Management of 
Daimler AG on matters such as the status of the Compliance 
Management System and its further development, the status 
of the whistleblower system and, if necessary, on other topics. 
In addition, the Vice President & Group General Counsel  
regularly reports to the Antitrust Steering Committee and the 
Group Risk Management Committee, to which the Chief Com-
pliance Officer and the Vice President Legal Product & Techni-
cal Compliance also report.

Compliance risks
We systematically pursue the goal of minimizing compliance 
risks, and we analyze and assess the compliance risks of our 
Group companies every year. These analyses are based on 
centrally compiled information on the Group companies and 
take specific additional details into account as needed. The 
results of the analyses form the basis of our risk control.

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE  213

Compliance program
Our compliance program comprises principles and measures 
designed to reduce compliance risks and prevent violations of 
regulations and laws. The individual measures, which are 
based on the knowledge gained through our systematic com-
pliance risk analyses, focus on the following aspects:

The whistleblower system BPO
The whistleblower system BPO (Business Practices Office) 
enables Daimler employees and external whistleblowers to 
report misconduct anywhere in the world. The BPO is available 
around the clock to receive information that is sent by e-mail  
or normal mail or by filling out a special form. An external toll-
free hotline is also available in Brazil, the United States, Japan, 
and South Africa. Reports can be submitted anonymously if 
local laws permit this. In Germany, whistleblower reports can 
also be submitted to an external neutral intermediary in addi-
tion to the BPO.

The information provided to the BPO whistleblower system 
enables us to learn about potential risks and specific violations 
that pose a high risk to the company and its employees, and 
this in turn allows us to prevent damage to the company and 
its reputation. High-risk rule violations include, for example, 
offenses relating to corruption, breaches of antitrust law, and 
violations of Anti-Money Laundering regulations, as well as 
serious violations of binding technical provisions. Employees 
who wish to report violations that pose minor risks can approach 
their supervisor, their Human Resources department, the Group 
Security Office or their local employee representation.

A globally valid corporate policy defines BPO procedures and 
the responsibilities of the various departments and individuals 
in the organization. This policy aims to ensure a fair and trans-
parent approach that takes into account the principle of pro-
portionality for the affected parties, while also giving protec-
tion to whistleblowers. It also defines a standard for evaluating 
incidents of misconduct and making decisions about their con-
sequences.

In an effort to increase trust in our whistleblower system and 
make it even better known within the Group, we have estab-
lished a continuous communication process that includes the 
periodic provision of information to employees about the type 
and number of reported violations. We also supply information 
materials such as country-specific information cards. In addi-
tion, we have produced an instructional video and stage dialog 
events at selected locations as well.

In 2019, 59 new BPO cases were opened. A total of 44 cases  
in which 72 individuals were involved were closed “with merit.” 
In these cases, the initial suspicion was confirmed. Seven of 
these cases were in the category “Corruption”, while five 
related to “Technical compliance” and five concerned “Reputa-
tional damage.” Accusations of inappropriate behavior of 
employees toward third parties were confirmed in 13 cases. 
Four cases were categorized as “Damage exceeding 100,000 
euros.” The remaining cases fell into other categories. With 
regard to those cases that are closed “with merit,” appropriate 

214  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE 

response measures are decided in line with the principles of 
proportionality and fairness. Personnel measures taken in the 
reporting year 2019 included the issuing of warnings and final 
warnings, as well as separation agreements and terminations.

Compliance on the part of our business partners
We also require our business partners to adhere to clear com-
pliance requirements because we regard our business part-
ners’ integrity and behavior in conformity with regulations as a 
precondition for trusting cooperation. In the selection of our 
direct business partners, we therefore ensure that they comply 
with the law and observe ethical principles. In financial year 
2019, we made full use of our globally standardized process for 
the effective and efficient examination of all new and existing 
business partners (Business Partner Due Diligence Process). 
Our continuous monitoring here is designed to ensure that we 
can identify possible integrity violations by our business  
partners. We also reserve the right to terminate cooperation 
with, or terminate the selection process for, any business part-
ner who fails to comply with our standards. In addition, we 
work with our procurement units to continuously improve our 
processes for selecting and cooperating with suppliers.

Our global Daimler Supplier Sustainability Standards apply in 
this area. On the basis of these standards and our Integrity 
Code, we make available to each of our suppliers and sales 
partners a specific Compliance Awareness Module developed 
with their activities in mind. This module also contains provi-
sions similar to those that can be found in the general Compli-
ance Awareness Module for sales partners, which was intro-
duced in 2016 and is designed to increase their awareness of 
compliance requirements.

Further information on expectations regarding our business 
partners: w daimler.com/sustainability/human-rights/  
our-business-relationships.html

Communication and training

We offer extensive compliance training courses that are based 
on our Integrity Code. We conduct a training needs analysis at 
regular intervals, adjust and/or expand the training program, 
and subsequently carry out an evaluation.

All employees at Group companies can also participate in a 
web-based and target group-oriented training program con-
sisting of several modules – a basic module, a module specifi-
cally for managers, and expert modules on subjects such as 
antitrust law, data protection, technical compliance, benefits in 
kind for employees, and function-specific topics in areas such 
as procurement and sales. Our training activities in 2019 
focused on, among other things, web-based courses on techni-
cal compliance and antitrust law, expert seminars lasting for 
several days on the topic of data compliance, webinar series 
on preventing money laundering, and new web-based modules 
for suppliers and business partners.

Office employees are required to complete those modules rele-
vant to their role and function. We assign the associated mod-
ules to them automatically or in a centralized process. These 
training modules are assigned when an employee is hired, pro-
moted or transferred to a position that involves an increased 
risk. This approach ensures that personnel changes are prop-
erly addressed. In general, the program must be repeated 

approximately every three years. Factory employees can com-
plete the web-based training program voluntarily.

The web-based training courses are supplemented by class-
room training sessions that are conducted by central or local 
trainers. We provide our internal trainer network with modular 
training documents and materials for methodical implementa-
tion, such as a trainer guideline and explanatory videos that 
can be used in a target group-specific manner and in accor-
dance with the risks associated with the participants’ jobs. In 
2019 a total of approximately 117,600 employees from diverse 
levels of the hierarchy participated in classroom-based and 
web-based training programs.

We also offer our employees in the compliance and legal orga-
nizations courses that address legal changes and changes to 
compliance regulations; these courses are taught by experts in 
the respective fields. In addition, new employees at our integ-
rity, compliance, and legal organizations receive a comprehen-
sive introduction in the course of an onboarding program.

We also offer information and qualification measures to indi-
viduals who perform supervisory and management functions, 
including new members of the Supervisory Board of Daimler 
AG. Among other things, the onboarding program for new 
Supervisory Board members provides information about the 
antitrust compliance program and technical compliance man-
agement. In 2019, new members of the supervisory boards of 
Group companies were also provided with information on vari-
ous issues relating to compliance, data protection, and integ-
rity. In addition, these new supervisory board members partici-
pated in a “Know Your Responsibilities” onboarding program to 
make them more aware of compliance-related topics (for 
example anti-corruption policies) and the aspects of integrity 
at the Group companies.

New members of executive bodies of Group companies are 
given a compact overview of key aspects of corporate gover-
nance via the Corporate Governance Navigator, which is a 
module that provides information on their tasks and responsi-
bilities, contact partners, and points of contact that deal with 
central issues addressed by the Integrity and Legal Affairs divi-
sion and adjacent units. The module thus supports such execu-
tives in their new role.

All of these training measures contribute to the permanent 
establishment of ethical and compliant behavior at the com-
pany and also help our employees deal with specific issues 
that can occur at work.

The same is true of the Daimler app for integrity, compliance, 
and legal affairs. The app is available to all employees with a 
company-owned device. Among other things, the app enables 
mobile access to practical information on subjects such as 
corruption prevention, antitrust law, technical integrity, and 
data protection, with additional topics being added as 
required.

Within the framework of our training program, we also offer our 
business partners special modules on integrity and compliance 
(including corruption prevention). These courses are offered as 
web-based training or classroom training sessions. Daimler 
informs its business partners about the courses and invites 
them to participate.

Monitoring and improvements
Every year, we review the adequacy and effectiveness of our 
Compliance Management System and adapt it to global devel-
opments, changed risks, and new legal requirements. We also 
monitor important core processes during the year on the basis 
of key performance indicators (KPIs) that include process dura-
tion and quality. To determine these indicators, we check, 
among other things, whether formal requirements are met and 
the content is complete. In addition, we analyze the knowledge 
gained through independent internal and external assess-
ments.

We use these activities as a basis for defining any required 
improvement measures, which are implemented by the respon-
sible Group companies and then monitored on a regular basis. 
The relevant management bodies continuously receive reports 
on these monitoring activities.

Main topics for compliance management
Eliminating corruption, preventing antitrust violations, ensuring 
product compliance with technical regulations and regulatory 
provisions, combating money laundering and the financing of 
terrorism, ensuring compliance with sanctions, and observing 
data protection legislation – we implemented our Compliance 
Management System (CMS) in order to address exactly these 
issues, which are extremely important to us. Our Group-wide 
approach to respecting and upholding human rights is also 
based on our CMS.

Anti-corruption compliance

Daimler has committed itself to fighting corruption in its busi-
ness activities. Along with complying with all applicable laws, 
this also involves adhering to the rules of the OECD Convention 
on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in Interna-
tional Business Transactions (1997) and the United Nations 
Convention against Corruption (2003). As a founding member 
of the UN Global Compact, Daimler also seeks to ensure that 
not only the company itself but also its business partners act 
in accordance with the principles of the UN Global Compact. 
The most important goals here are to fight corruption around 
the world in order to enable fair competition, eliminate the 
damage corruption does to society, and thus improve condi-
tions for everyone.

Our anti-corruption compliance program is based on our com-
prehensive Compliance Management System. The program is 
globally valid and particularly consists of an integrated risk 
assessment process that takes into account internal informa-
tion such as a unit’s business model and external information 
such as the Corruption Perceptions Index from Transparency 
International. The results of our risk assessment analyses form 
the basis of risk-based measures for avoiding corruption in all 
business activities (e.g. reviews of business partners and 
transactions) and measures to ensure that special care is 

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE  215

taken in contacts with authorities and public officials. Our risk-
minimization measures focus in particular on sales companies 
in high-risk countries and business relationships with whole-
salers and general agencies worldwide.

The responsibility for implementing and monitoring measures 
lies with each Group company’s management, which cooper-
ates closely with the specialist units within the Integrity and 
Legal Affairs division. Companies exposed to a high corruption 
risk are supported by an independent Local Compliance Offi-
cer who assists the responsible management team with the 
implementation of the anti-corruption compliance program.

Daimler places the same strict requirements on all of its activi-
ties around the world. In addition, we continuously improve our 
methods and processes and use a variety of communication 
and training measures to make our employees around the 
world more aware of the importance of fighting corruption. 
Further information on communication and training: 
E page 214

In order to ensure an independent external assessment of our 
Anti-Corruption Compliance Program, KPMG AG Wirtschafts-
prüfungsgesellschaft audited the Compliance Management 
System for anti-corruption in accordance with the 980 stan-
dard of the Institute of Public Auditors in Germany. This audit, 
which was based on the principles of appropriateness, imple-
mentation and effectiveness, was already successfully com-
pleted at the end of 2019.

Antitrust compliance

Our Group-wide Antitrust Compliance Program is oriented to 
national and international standards for ensuring fair competi-
tion. The program establishes a binding, globally valid Daimler 
standard that defines how matters of antitrust law are to be 
assessed. The Daimler standard is based on the standards of 
the underlying European regulations and takes into account 
established legal practice at European antitrust authorities, as 
well as the rulings of European courts. The objective of the 
Daimler standard is a uniform level of compliance and advice 
in all countries and thus compliance with all local and interna-
tional antitrust laws.

By means of an advisory hotline, guidelines, and practical sup-
port, we help our employees around the world recognize situa-
tions that might be critical from an antitrust perspective and 
also to act in compliance with all regulations. This is particu-
larly important when employees deal with competitors, coop-
erate with dealers and general agencies, and participate in 
trade association committees. In addition to Daimler’s Legal 
department and its specialist advisers, the Group’s global divi-
sions can turn to local legal advisers, who also ensure that our 
standards are consistently upheld.

The results of our annual compliance risk analysis serve as the 
basis for the formulation of measures that address antitrust 
risks. The responsibility for designing and implementing mea-
sures lies primarily with each Group company’s management, 
which is also responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of 
the measures employed. Within the framework of its Group 
management responsibilities, Daimler AG monitors the execu-
tive management bodies of the respective Group companies. 
As a result, the managers at Group companies cooperate 

216  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE 

closely with Integrity and Legal Affairs, which also provides 
information on how to implement compliance measures effec-
tively. Units that face a higher potential risk in particular must 
also systematically assess the adequacy and effectiveness of 
locally implemented antitrust compliance measures at regular 
intervals. In addition, our Legal and Corporate Audit depart-
ments conduct monitoring activities at our divisions, as well as 
random audits, in order to determine whether antitrust laws 
and internal standards are complied with. This helps us contin-
uously improve the effectiveness of our Antitrust Compliance 
Program and adapt it to global developments and new legal 
requirements. The associated methods and processes are 
being constantly refined and improved.

We have also created dedicated expert units for technical com-
pliance in the development departments at our vehicle-related 
divisions. Among other things, these units manage a network 
of technical compliance contact persons at development and 
certification departments. This network serves as a link 
between operating units and the compliance organization and 
also supports the development departments in matters of 
technical compliance. Complex questions regarding technical 
compliance are evaluated and then decided in an interdisciplin-
ary process that takes into account technical, legal, and certifi-
cation-relevant criteria. Our BPO whistleblower system is also 
available as a contact partner for reporting technical compli-
ance violations.

We utilize a variety of training and communication measures to 
make our employees aware of the importance of competition 
and antitrust laws and issues. Such measures during the year 
under review included both classroom courses and online 
training courses; the latter are mandatory for staff above a cer-
tain hierarchical level. Training in 2019 focused on the topics of 
“Contact with competitors in general” and “Antitrust coopera-
tions”. Training courses held abroad or at international Group 
companies are independently organized and conducted by 
local legal departments as required.

Further information on communication and training: 
E page 214

In order to ensure an independent external assessment of our 
Antitrust Compliance Program, KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprü-
fungsgesellschaft audited the Compliance Management Sys-
tem for antitrust law in accordance with the 980 standard of 
the Institute of Public Auditors in Germany. This audit, which 
was based on the principles of appropriateness, implementa-
tion and effectiveness, was already successfully completed at 
the end of 2016 (antitrust) and at the end of 2019 (anti-corrup-
tion).

Technical compliance

For us, technical compliance means adhering to technical and 
regulatory requirements, standards, and laws while taking into 
account the fundamental spirit of these laws and regulations 
as well as adhering to internal development requirements and 
processes. In order to address the specific risks associated 
with the product creation process, we combined the existing 
systems and additional measures and processes at the Daimler 
AG automotive divisions into a technical Compliance Manage-
ment System (tCMS). The purpose of the tCMS is to safeguard 
legal and regulatory conformity during the entire product 
development and certification process and to provide orienta-
tion and guidance for our employees by defining specific val-
ues, principles, structures, and processes.

The tCMS is managed Group-wide by an independent gover-
nance body whose director reports directly to the Board of 
Management member for Integrity and Legal Affairs. This body 
consists of employees with expertise in various fields, such as 
development, legal affairs, integrity and compliance. In order 
to provide optimal support to the divisions, the independent 
governance body has a divisional structure. The governance 
body’s tasks include the design of the technical Compliance 
Management System and the provision of legal advice to the 
divisions.

During the year under review, the Daimler AG Board of Man-
agement adopted the tCMS policy. It describes key tCMS ele-
ments and defines the roles and responsibilities of all relevant 
functions. Process descriptions and rules of procedure for 
tCMS committees in Group companies in scope of application 
of the tCMS have been drawn up for relevant tCMS elements. 
The tCMS policy applies to all Group companies worldwide that 
conduct relevant development and certification activities.

We have made use of various communications measures such 
as “Tone from the Top” mailings and special training courses 
and dialog sessions in order to sensitize employees at develop-
ment and certification units at all divisions to issues relating to 
technical integrity, compliance, and legal regulations in the 
product creation process.

Further information on communication and training: 
E page 214

The Technical Integrity initiative, as part of the tCMS, focuses 
on strengthening awareness of the importance of responsible 
behavior during the product creation process, particularly in 
situations where legal provisions may be unclear. Together with 
the relevant development departments, we have supplemented 
the provisions of the Integrity Code by formulating so-called 
commitment statements that support employees and offer them 
guidance for ensuring proper conduct in their daily activities. 
These principles have been discussed with employees at dialog 
sessions held around the world. Various communications mea-
sures regarding the commitment statements have been made 
known to all employees and were anchored in selected training 
courses.

We also conduct in-depth discussions on safeguarding techni-
cal compliance with business partners and selected suppliers. 
In October 2019, for example, we held a Supplier Dialog event 
with relevant suppliers. This event was attended by executives, 
technical compliance managers, and technical project manag-
ers from participating supplier companies. Among other things, 
the objective here was to make suppliers more aware of the 
regulatory framework, provide them with information on how 
Daimler safeguards technical compliance, and explain to them 
what we expect from our suppliers in this regard.

The effectiveness of our tCMS is monitored in the annual moni-
toring-process. Measures identified by this process will be 
considered in the improvement of the tCMS and are addressed 
for implementation.

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE  217

A key component of the Data CMS is the Data Compliance Risk 
Assessment, which is a systematic process conducted by the 
Data Compliance unit each year in order to identify, analyze, 
and evaluate data compliance risks at Daimler. The assessment 
is performed for both Group companies and corporate depart-
ments. The analyses are based on centrally compiled informa-
tion on all units at the Group; specific additional details are 
taken into account in line with the given risk assessment. The 
results of the analyses form the basis for managing and mini-
mizing risks in a targeted manner.

Employees are instructed to report all potential data protection 
incidents internally via the Information Security Incident Man-
agement Process. Criminal violations of data protection rules 
are addressed by the whistleblower system BPO (Business 
Practices Office), which can also be used by external stakehold-
ers who wish to report violations of laws or internal regulations.

We document and evaluate the implementation of defined data 
compliance measures within the framework of a monitoring 
and reporting process. For example, our compliance organiza-
tion conducts an annual evaluation to assess the adequacy and 
effectiveness of our Data CMS. We document in our compli-
ance reporting system any areas where action needs to be 
taken, and we also monitor the implementation of the associ-
ated measures. If necessary, the compliance organization will 
make adjustments to the Data Compliance Management Sys-
tem on the basis of the knowledge gained from the evaluation, 
while also taking into account changes to the risk situation and 
new legal requirements.

Data compliance

Connectivity and digitalization will have a major impact on 
mobility in the future. The responsible handling and protection 
of data that is created and stored by digital systems is a top 
priority at Daimler.

The regulatory requirements relating to data protection have 
become significantly more stringent in recent years, mainly as 
a consequence of the implementation of the European Union’s 
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We are addressing 
the increased requirements within the framework of our 
Group-wide Data Compliance Management System (Data 
CMS), which along with our data vision and our data culture is 
a fundamental component of our overarching Data Governance 
System. Our new Data Protection Policy EU and our Global 
Data and Information Policy form the basis for the handling of 
employee, customer, and business-partner data in a sustain-
able manner in accordance with all legal requirements.

The Data CMS, which combines all Group-wide measures, pro-
cesses, and systems for ensuring data protection compliance, 
is based on the existing Daimler Compliance Management Sys-
tem (CMS). The Data CMS supports the systematic planning, 
implementation, and monitoring of compliance with data pro-
tection requirements. Such measures include programs that 
help ensure compliance with the GDPR and local data protec-
tion laws, as well as various communication and training mea-
sures and measures for product-related data protection activi-
ties. E page 214

In 2017, we created the Data Compliance unit to set up the 
Data Compliance Management System. This unit defines the 
individual elements of the Data CMS and manages its imple-
mentation throughout the Group. To this end, the Chief Compli-
ance Officer submits data compliance reports on a regular 
basis to the Board of Management member of Daimler AG for 
Integrity and Legal Affairs, and also provides information on 
relevant developments in his quarterly reports to the Board of 
Management.

At the same time, the Chief Officer Corporate Data Protection 
performs the tasks required by law to ensure compliance with 
data protection rules. Here the Chief Officer Corporate Data 
Protection works with a team that monitors compliance with 
applicable data protection laws and the Daimler Data Protec-
tion Policy. In addition, the Chief Officer Corporate Data Pro-
tection handles complaints regarding data protection and is 
also responsible for issuing mandatory reports to supervisory 
authorities and consulting privacy impact assessments. The 
Chief Officer Corporate Data Protection is independent and 
reports directly to the Board of Management member for Integ-
rity and Legal Affairs.

Since the end of 2018, we have been realigning the previous 
network of local data protection coordinators and merging this 
network into our global compliance network. This process will 
be completed by the end of 2020. We specifically prepare 
Local Compliance Officers and Local Compliance Responsibles 
for their new tasks in the field of data compliance and support 
them with training courses and consultation.

218  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE 

Anti-financial crime compliance

Money laundering and the financing of terrorism pose consid-
erable sociopolitical risks. For this reason, the prevention of 
money laundering and the implementation of anti-money laun-
dering measures have been defined as central compliance 
goals in our Integrity Code. In its core business, the global pro-
duction and sale of vehicles, Daimler AG and its Group compa-
nies conduct their operations in accordance with the provi-
sions of the German Money Laundering Act (GwG), which apply 
to “distributors of goods.” As a result, we are required to 
implement Group-wide and thus worldwide measures to pre-
vent and combat money laundering and the financing of terror-
ism (Anti-Money Laundering – AML – and Counter Terrorist 
Financing – CTF – policies).

The Chief Compliance Officer officially serves as the Group 
Anti-Money Laundering Officer of Daimler AG in its role as a 
distributor of goods. The Chief Compliance Officer reports 
directly to the Board of Management and also serves as the 
point of contact for regulatory authorities, law enforcement 
agencies, authorities responsible for the prevention, investiga-
tion, and elimination of potential threats, and Germany’s Finan-
cial Intelligence Unit. In his capacity as the Anti-Money Laun-
dering Officer, the Chief Compliance Officer has sufficient 
authority and means to perform his duties.

Daimler AG and its Group companies pursue an integrated 
compliance approach in all areas of the Group and around the 
world. This approach takes the form of a central Group unit, 
“Anti-Financial Crime,” and ensures that checks against sanc-
tions lists are always carried out before Anti-Money Launder-
ing measures are implemented. This integrated approach links 
prevention of the circumvention of supranational and national 
sanctions with measures to prevent and combat money laun-
dering, the financing of terrorism, organized crime, and other 
corporate crime. This is important, as these risks can not only 
have a negative impact on society; they can also cause long-
term damage to our reputation, as well as financial damage 
that can negatively affect our Group companies and our share-
holders and stakeholders.

The Anti-Financial Crime specialist unit assists the Anti-Money 
Laundering Officer by acting as the Group organization for 
ensuring that Daimler AG and Group companies comply with 
the provisions of the GwG across all divisions in their role as 
distributors of goods. The unit is also responsible for the 
Group-wide Sanctions Compliance Program. As a central 
Group organization, the specialist unit therefore also brings 
together under one roof our two Centers of Competence for 
Preventing and Combating Money Laundering and the Financ-
ing of Terrorism and the Center of Competence for Sanctions 
Compliance.

The Daimler AG Sanctions Compliance Program, which is valid 
for all Group companies, includes systematic reviews of com-
pliance with sanctions lists by all units, divisions, and compa-
nies worldwide. More specifically, such reviews check whether 
the names of affected natural persons or legal entities can  
be found on any sanctions list around the globe. We therefore 
check both supranational sanctions lists such as those pub-
lished by the United Nations and the European Union and 
national sanctions lists from various countries, in particular the 
United States. As required by law, such reviews are conducted 
for customers and business partners, for example in sales  
and procurement, as well as for employees and strategic coop-
eration partners. Checks against sanctions lists, which are 
performed in close cooperation with the Export Control 
department, take data protection law provisions into account.

Measures to combat money laundering and the financing of 
terrorists are defined for Daimler Mobility AG (DMO) and the 
Group companies that belong to it by a separate framework 
divisional guideline that also serves as a basis for the policies 
at DMO companies. An independent network of local Anti-
Money Laundering (AML) Officers has also been established 
for the individual Group companies allocated to DMO.

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INTEGRITY AND COMPLIANCE  219

Human rights compliance

Public interest in compliance with human rights in the automo-
tive industry is increasing. One important reason for this devel-
opment involves the new challenges associated with the 
expansion of electric mobility. More specifically, there are con-
cerns that the raw materials needed to manufacture electric 
vehicles might possibly be obtained under conditions that are 
critical in terms of human rights. We at Daimler have noticed 
an continuing interest in human rights on the part of investors, 
which indicates to us that corporate activities related to human 
rights are having an increasing influence on investment deci-
sions. Legislation relating to compliance with human rights is 
also being expanded. It is conceivable that new laws governing 
human rights due diligence obligations could be adopted in 
Germany after the federal government’s National Action Plan 
on Business and Human Rights comes to an end in 2020. At 
the EU level, it is possible that legislative initiatives on human 
rights could be introduced when Germany assumes the Presi-
dency of the European Council.

For Daimler, respect for human rights is a fundamental compo-
nent of responsible corporate governance. We are committed 
to ensuring that human rights are respected and upheld in all 
of our Group companies and by our suppliers. Respect for 
human rights is therefore a key component of our Group-wide 
sustainability strategy and our understanding of integrity and 
ethical behavior. The nature of critical human rights issues var-
ies among regions and suppliers and also depends on the raw 
materials, services, and supply chains in question. For this rea-
son, when implementing our approach to respecting and 
upholding human rights, we not only take into account our own 
plants and facilities but also include risk-based analyses of the 
entire supply chain.

The following standards and guidelines in particular serve as 
the key frame of reference for our human rights regulations 
and our conduct in this regard: the UN Global Compact, the UN 
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the Univer-
sal Declaration of Human Rights (including the relevant provi-
sions from the International Covenant on Civil and Political 
Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and 
Cultural Rights), Germany’s National Action Plan on Business 
and Human Rights, and the Core Labor Standards of the Inter-
national Labour Organization. The human rights issues we 
focus on and which have been derived from these frames of 
reference to enable us to fulfill our due diligence obligations 
are contained in our Integrity Code w www.daimler.com/ 
documents/sustainability/integrity/daimler-integritycode.pdf 
and the Daimler Supplier Sustainability Standards.  
w supplier-portal.daimler.com/docs/DOC-1547

To ensure that human rights are respected and protected, 
Daimler has developed a due diligence approach called the 
Daimler Human Rights Respect System (HRRS). It aims to  
protect the human rights of our own employees and to ensure 
that human rights are respected at our direct suppliers (Tier 1) 
and at risk-relevant points of the supply chain beyond Tier 1.  
In the spring of 2019, we established a new Social Compliance 
department. This department is responsible for leading the 
implementation of our HRRS and to this end utilizes tried and 
tested methods and processes from our Compliance Manage-
ment System. Plans call for the HRRS for Daimler AG Group 
companies to be gradually integrated into the Group-wide 
CMS. Within the framework of the HRRS, we are also develop-

ing a separate due diligence approach for ensuring compliance 
with human rights in the supply chain. This approach is based 
on a foundation of proven compliance management systems.

As a proactive risk management system, the HRRS is designed 
to identify and avoid systemic risks and possible negative 
effects of our business activities on human rights early on. The 
HRRS thus primarily protects third parties, i.e. rights-holders, 
and is aimed at exerting its effect along our supply chain as 
well.

With regard to Group companies, the risk assessment in the 
course of the integration into the Daimler CMS envisages the 
regular classification of the Group companies, initially on the 
basis of predefined criteria such as the risks associated with 
specific countries and specific business operations. Here we 
take into account fundamental human rights standards such as 
those defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 
and those formulated by the International Labour Organization 
(ILO). We plan to use the reviews as a basis for performing a 
more detailed annual analysis with the help of a human rights 
survey conducted by the Group. To this end, we launched a 
pilot project in 2019 that initially includes seven Group compa-
nies. We want to use the knowledge gained from the project to 
expand our range of systematic risk analyses, which will then 
be performed at all remaining Group companies.

Within the framework of advance risk assessment activities 
that are part of a separate due diligence approach for our sup-
ply chains, we have identified 24 raw materials and 27 services 
whose extraction and further processing/provision (services) 
pose a potentially critical human rights risk. Various interna-
tional reference documents serve as the basis for these risk 
assessments. With regard to raw materials, we use the “Child 
and Forced Labor List” from the US Department of Labor, for 
example. Extraction and mining methods, and the countries 
where raw materials are located, all play an important role in 
our analyses. With regard to services, we make use of the Cor-
ruption Perception Index published by Transparency Interna-
tional. This list is compiled on the basis of an assumption that 
countries which display a high risk of corruption are also more 
likely to pose a risk in terms of human rights.

The lead responsibility for the controlling of human rights 
issues lies with the Integrity and Legal Affairs executive divi-
sion of Daimler AG. The member of the Board of Management 
responsible for Integrity and Legal Affairs works with the pro-
curement units on ensuring human rights compliance and also 
receives regular information and the corresponding reports on 
human rights activities from the Chief Compliance Officer and 
from specialist units in the Social Compliance and Corporate 
Responsibility Management departments. Relevant procure-
ment units also provide information on their respective human 
rights compliance measures to the Procurement Council (PC) 
and the Board of Management members directly responsible 
for the units in question. This is supplemented by regular 
reports submitted to the entire Board of Management and the 
Corporate Sustainability Board (CSB). Cross-functional teams 
work closely on the development and implementation of suit-
able preventive activities and countermeasures. The teams 
consist of human rights and compliance experts, as well as 
staff from the operational procurement units and, if necessary, 
from other specialist units as well. The relevant specialist units 
and units are responsible for implementing and monitoring the 
measures developed in each case.

220  E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Limited Assurance Report of the Independent 
Auditor regarding the Combined Separate 
Non-financial Report1

To the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG, 
Stuttgart

We have performed an independent limited assurance 
engagement on the combined separate non-financial report 
of Daimler AG, Stuttgart and the Group (further “Daimler”) as 
well as the by reference qualified parts “Business model”, 
“The workforce”, “Legal risks” and “Non-Financial 
risks”(further: “Report”) according to §§ 315b and 315c in 
conjunction with 289b to 289e German Commercial Code 
(HGB) for the business year from January 1 to December 31, 
2019.

Management’s Responsibility
The legal representatives of Daimler are responsible for the 
preparation of the Report in accordance with §§ 315b and 
315c in conjunction with 289b to 289e HGB.

This responsibility of the legal representatives includes the 
selection and application of appropriate methods to prepare 
the Report and the use of assumptions and estimates for indi-
vidual disclosures which are reasonable under the given cir-
cumstances. Furthermore, this responsibility includes design-
ing, implementing and maintaining systems and processes 
relevant for the preparation of the Report in a way that is free 
of – intended or unintended – material misstatements.

Independence and quality assurance on the part of the 
auditing firm
We are independent from the entity in accordance with the 
requirements of independence and quality assurance set out 
in legal provisions and professional pronouncements and 
have fulfilled our additional professional obligations in accor-
dance with these requirements.

Our audit firm applies the national statutory provisions and 
professional pronouncements for quality assurance, in partic-
ular the Professional Code for German Public Auditors and 
Chartered Accountants (in Germany) and the quality assur-
ance standard of the German Institute of Public Auditors 
(Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer, IDW) regarding quality assur-
ance requirements in audit practice (IDW QS 1).

Practitioner’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on the Report 
based on our work performed within our limited assurance 
engagement.

We conducted our work in accordance with the International 
Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised): 
“Assurance Engagements other than Audits or Reviews of His-
torical Financial Information” published by IAASB. This Stan-
dard requires that we plan and perform the assurance 

engagement to obtain limited assurance whether any matters 
have come to our attention that cause us to believe that the 
Report of the Report for the period from January 1 to Decem-
ber 31, 2019 has not been prepared, in all material respects, 
in accordance with §§ 315b and 315c in conjunction with 
289b to 289e HGB. We do not, however, provide a separate 
conclusion for each disclosure. In a limited assurance 
engagement the evidence gathering procedures are more lim-
ited than in a reasonable assurance engagement and there-
fore significantly less assurance is obtained than in a reason-
able assurance engagement. The choice of audit procedures 
is subject to the auditor’s own judgement.

Within the scope of our engagement, we performed amongst 
others the following assurance procedures:

–  Inquiries of personnel on corporate level, who are responsi-
ble for the materiality analysis, in order to gain an under-
standing of the processes for determining material sustain-
ability topics and respective reporting boundaries of Daimler
–  A risk analysis, including a media search, to identify relevant 
information on Daimler sustainability performance in the 
reporting period

–  Evaluation of the design and implementation of the systems 
and processes for determining, processing and monitoring 
disclosures relating to environmental, employee and social 
matters, respect for human rights, and combating corruption 
and bribery, including the consolidation of the data

–  Inquiries of personnel on corporate level who are responsible 
for determining disclosures on concepts, due diligence pro-
cesses, results and risks, for conducting internal controls 
and consolidation of the disclosures

–  Evaluation of selected internal and external documentation
–  Analytical evaluation of data and trends of quantitative infor-
mation which are reported by all sites for consolidation on 
corporate level

–  Evaluation of local data collection, validation and reporting 

E | NON-FINANCIAL REPORT | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  221

Conclusion
Based on the procedures performed and the evidence 
obtained, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to 
believe that the Report of for Daimler the business year from 
January 1 to December 31, 2019 is not prepared, in all mate-
rial respects, in accordance with §§ 315b and 315c in con-
junction with 289b to 289e HGB.

Restriction of Use/Clause on General Engagement Terms
This report is issued for purposes of the Supervisory Board of 
Daimler AG, Stuttgart, only. We assume no responsibility with 
regard to any third parties.

Our assignment for the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG, 
Stuttgart, and professional liability is governed by the General 
Engagement Terms for Wirtschaftsprüfer and Wirtschaftsprü-
fungsgesellschaften (Allgemeine Auftragsbedingungen für 
Wirtschaftsprüfer und Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften) in 
the version dated January 1, 2017 w https://www.kpmg.de/
bescheinigungen/lib/aab_english.pdf.

By reading and using the information contained in this report, 
each recipient confirms notice of provisions of the General 
Engagement Terms (including the limitation of our liability for 
negligence to EUR 4 million as stipulated in No. 9) and 
accepts the validity of the General Engagement Terms with 
respect to us

Stuttgart, Feburary 19, 2020 

KPMG AG
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
(Orginal German version signed by:)

processes as well as the reliability of reported data based on 
a sample of the sites in Tuscaloosa (USA), Bremen and Wörth 
(both Germany)

Dr. Thümler 
Wirtschaftsprüfer 
(German Public Auditor) 

Mokler
Wirtschaftsprüfer
(German Public Auditor)

–  Assessment of the overall presentation of the disclosures

1  Our engagement applied to the German version of the Report 2019.  

This text is a translation of the Independent Assurance Report issued in 
the German, whereas the German text is authoritative.

F

Consolidated 
Financial
Statements 

The Consolidated Financial Statements presented as follows have been pre-
pared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting  Standards (IFRS) 
as adopted by the European Union (EU). They also comply with additional  
requirements set forth in Section 315e Sub section 1 of the German Commercial 
Code (HGB). 

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONTENTS  223  

F | Consolidated Financial Statements 

224

Consolidated Statement of Income 
Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income/Loss 
Consolidated Statement of 
Financial Position 
226
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows  227
Consolidated Statement of 
Changes in Equity 

225

228

Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements 

  1. Significant accounting policies  
  2.  Accounting estimates and  
management judgments  

  3. Consolidated Group  
  4. Revenue 
  5. Functional costs  
  6. Other operating income and expense  
  7. Other financial income/expense, net  
  8. Interest income and interest expense  
  9. Income taxes  
 10. Intangible assets  
 11. Property, plant and equipment  
 12. Equipment on operating leases  
 13. Equity-method investments  
 14. Receivables from financial services  
 15.  Marketable debt securities and  

similar investments  
 16. Other financial assets  
 17. Other assets 
 18. Inventories  
 19. Trade receivables  
 20. Equity  

230

230

245
247
249
250
251
251
251
251
254
256
258
259
264

267
267
267
268
268
270

 21. Share-based payment  
 22. Pensions and similar obligations 
 23. Provisions for other risks 
 24. Financing liabilities 
 25. Other financial liabilities 
 26. Deferred income 
27. Contract and refund liabilities 
 28. Other liabilities 
 29. Consolidated statement of cash flows 
 30. Legal proceedings 
 31.   Contingent liabilities and other  

financial obligations 
 32. Financial instruments 
 33. Management of financial risks 
 34. Segment reporting 
 35. Capital management 
 36. Earnings per share 
 37.  Related party disclosures 
 38.  Remuneration of the members of the Board  
of Management and the Supervisory Board 

 39. Auditor fees  
 40. Events after the reporting period 
41. Additional information 

271
275
280
280
282
282
283
283
284
285

288
289
299
308
311
312
312

313
314
314
314

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F

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
224  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

Consolidated Statement of Income

F.01

In millions of euros

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Selling expenses

General administrative expenses

Research and non-capitalized development costs

Other operating income

Other operating expense

Profit on equity-method investments, net

Other financial income/expense, net

Interest income

Interest expense
Profit before income taxes1
Income taxes

Net profit

  thereof profit attributable to non-controlling interests

  thereof profit attributable to shareholders of Daimler AG

Earnings per share (in euros) 
for profit attributable to shareholders of Daimler AG

Basic

Diluted

1  The reconciliation of Group EBIT to profit before income taxes is presented in Note 34.

Note

2019

2018

4

5

5

5

5

6

6

13

7

8

8

9

36

172,745

167,362

-143,580

-134,295

29,165

-12,801

-4,050

-6,586

2,837

-4,469

479

-262

397

-880

3,830

-1,121

2,709

332

2,377

33,067

-13,067

-4,036

-6,581

2,330

-1,462

656

210

271

-793

10,595

-3,013

7,582

333

7,249

2.22

2.22

6.78

6.78

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/LOSS  225

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income/Loss1

F.02

In millions of euros

Net profit

Currency translation adjustments

Debt instruments

  Unrealized gains/losses (pre-tax)

 Taxes on unrealized gains/losses 
and on reclassifications

Debt instruments (after tax)

Derivative financial instruments

  Unrealized gains/losses (pre-tax)

 Reclassifications to profit and loss 
(pre-tax)

 Taxes on unrealized gains/losses 
and on reclassifications

Derivative financial instruments (after tax)

Equity-method investments

  Unrealized gains/losses (pre-tax)

 Taxes on unrealized gains/losses 
and on reclassifications

Equity-method investments 
(after tax)

Items that may 
be reclassified 
to profit/loss

 Actuarial gains/losses 
on equity-method investments (pre-tax)

Actuarial gains/losses on equity-method investments (after tax)

 Actuarial gains/losses 
from pensions and similar obligations 
(pre-tax)

 Taxes on actuarial 
gains/losses from pensions 
and similar obligations

Actuarial gains/losses 
from pensions and similar obligations 
(after tax)

Equity instruments

  Unrealized gains/losses (pre-tax)

 Taxes on unrealized gains/losses 
and on reclassifications

Equity instruments (after tax)

Items that will not 
be reclassified 
to profit/loss

Other comprehensive income/loss, net of taxes

Total comprehensive income

Share-
holders
of
Daimler AG

Non-
controlling
interests

Daimler
Group

Share-
holders
of
Daimler AG

Non-
controlling
interests

Daimler
Group

2019

2019

2019

2018

2018

2018

2,709

475

2,377

458

332

17

7,582

234

7,249

214

333

20

6

-1

5

6

-1

5

-1,616

-1,615

979

186

-451

-26

–

-26

3

-1

-1

978

186

-451

-26

–

-26

-14

-1

-1

-2,403

-2,403

232

232

-2,171

-2,171

7

4

11

6

4

10

–

–

–

-1

1

–

–

–

–

–

-29

9

-20

-29

9

-20

-1,080

-1,081

-722

-722

537

-1,265

537

-1,266

-3

-1

-4

-3

-1

-4

–

–

–

1

–

–

1

–

–

–

17

-1,055

-1,076

21

–

–

–

–

–

1

–

1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1,627

-1,625

171

171

-1,456

-1,454

-16

12

-4

-15

12

-3

–

–

-2

–

-2

-1

–

-1

-2,161

-2,158

551

-2,162

-2,176

201

1

18

350

-1,461

-2,516

5,066

-1,458

-2,534

4,715

-3

18

351

1  See Note 20 for other information on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income/Loss.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
226  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

F.03

In millions of euros

Assets

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Equipment on operating leases

Equity-method investments

Receivables from financial services

Marketable debt securities and similar investments

Other financial assets

Deferred tax assets

Other assets

Total non-current assets

Inventories

Trade receivables

Receivables from financial services

Cash and cash equivalents

Marketable debt securities and similar investments

Other financial assets

Other assets

Assets held for sale

Total current assets

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Share capital

Capital reserves

Retained earnings

Other reserves

Equity attributable to shareholders of Daimler AG

Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Provisions for pensions and similar obligations

Provisions for other risks

Financing liabilities

Other financial liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred income

Contract and refund liabilities

Other liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

Trade payables

Provisions for other risks

Financing liabilities

Other financial liabilities

Deferred income

Contract and refund liabilities

Other liabilities

Liabilities held for sale

Total current liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

At December 31,

Note

2019

2018

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

9

17

18

19

14

15

16

17

20

22

23

24

25

9

26

27

28

23

24

25

26

27

28

15,978

37,143

51,482

5,949

52,880

770

3,347

5,803

1,286

14,801

30,948

49,476

4,860

51,300

722

2,763

4,021

1,115

174,638

160,006

29,757

12,332

50,781

18,883

7,885

2,736

5,426

–

29,489

12,586

45,440

15,853

8,855

2,970

5,889

531

127,800

302,438

121,613

281,619

3,070

11,552

46,329

393

61,344

1,497

62,841

9,728

10,597

99,179

2,112

3,935

1,598

6,060

586

3,070

11,710

49,490

397

64,667

1,386

66,053

7,393

7,734

88,662

2,375

3,762

1,612

5,438

638

133,795

117,614

12,707

10,327

62,601

7,752

1,624

7,571

3,220

–

14,185

7,828

56,240

7,657

1,580

7,081

3,169

212

105,802

302,438

97,952

281,619

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS  227

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows1

2019

2018

3,830

7,751

24

-761

99

-346

-1,625

-4,664

-1,156

5,641

1,202

-2,107

7,888

-7,199

-3,636

429

-1,619

394

-5,960

7,014

-30

-10,607

840

63,607

-55,043

-3,477

-263

85

-42

-79

10,595

6,305

-872

-178

-3,850

-884

1,694

-10,257

-1,609

877

1,380

-2,858

343

-7,534

-3,167

644

-780

363

-5,739

6,210

82

-9,921

2,637

71,137

-56,318

-3,905

-315

118

-50

-78

5,628

13,226

121

3,030

15,853

18,883

133

3,781

12,072

15,853

F.04

In millions of euros

Profit before income taxes

Depreciation and amortization/impairments

Other non-cash expense and income

Gains (-)/losses (+) on disposals of assets

Change in operating assets and liabilities

Inventories

  Trade receivables

  Trade payables

  Receivables from financial services

  Vehicles on operating leases

  Other operating assets and liabilities

Dividends received from equity-method investments

Income taxes paid

Cash provided by operating activities

Additions to property, plant and equipment

Additions to intangible assets

Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

Investments in shareholdings

Proceeds from disposals of shareholdings

Acquisition of marketable debt securities and similar investments

Proceeds from sales of marketable debt securities and similar investments

Other

Cash used for investing activities

Change in short-term financing liabilities

Additions to long-term financing liabilities

Repayment of long-term financing liabilities

Dividend paid to shareholders of Daimler AG

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests

Proceeds from the issue of share capital

Acquisition of treasury shares

Acquisition of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries

Cash provided by financing activities

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

  Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

  Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

1  See Note 29 for other information on Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

 
228  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity1

F.05

Share
capital

Capital
reserves

Retained
earnings2

Currency
translation

Equity
instruments/debt
instruments

In millions of euros

Balance at January 1, 2018

  Net profit

  Other comprehensive income/loss before taxes

  Deferred taxes on other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income/loss

Dividends

Capital increase/Issue of new shares

Acquisition of treasury shares

Issue and disposal of treasury shares

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries

Other

3,070

11,742

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-32

–

Balance at December 31, 2018

3,070

11,710

Balance at January 1, 2019

  Net profit

  Other comprehensive income/loss before taxes

  Deferred taxes on other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income/loss

Dividends

Changes in the consolidated group

Capital increase/Issue of new shares

Acquisition of treasury shares

Issue and disposal of treasury shares

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries

Other

3,070

11,710

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-158

–

11,552

47,555

7,249

-1,626

171

5,794

-3,905

–

–

–

–

46

49,490

49,490

2,377

-2,404

232

205

-3,477

-14

–

–

–

–

125

46,329

258

–

214

–

214

–

–

–

–

–

–

472

472

–

458

–

458

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

38

–

-44

21

-23

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

15

–

12

3

15

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

930

30

Balance at December 31, 2019

3,070

1  See Note 20 for other information on changes in equity.
2  Retained earnings also include items that will not be reclassified to the Consolidated Statement of Income. Actuarial losses from pensions and similar 

obligations amount to €11,189 million net of tax in 2019 (2018: €9,017 million net of tax).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  229

Other reserves

items that
may be reclassified
in profit/loss

Derivative
financial
instruments

Share of
investments
accounted
for using
the equity
method

Equity
attributable
to share-
holders of
Daimler AG

Treasury
share

Non-
controlling
interests

Total
equity

1,171

–

-1,803

537

-1,266

–

–

–

–

–

–

-95

-95

–

-637

186

-451

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9

–

-3

-1

-4

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

5

–

-26

–

-26

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-546

-21

In millions of euros

63,843

7,249

-3,262

728

4,715

-3,905

–

-50

50

-32

46

1,282

333

18

–

351

-315

80

–

–

-13

1

65,125

Balance at January 1, 2018

7,582

  Net profit

-3,244

  Other comprehensive income/loss before taxes

728

  Deferred taxes on other comprehensive income

5,066

Total comprehensive income/loss

-4,220

Dividends

80

-50

50

-45

47

Capital increase/Issue of new shares

Acquisition of treasury shares

Issue and disposal of treasury shares

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries

Other

64,667

1,386

66,053

Balance at December 31, 2018

64,667

2,377

-2,597

421

201

-3,477

-14

–

-42

42

-158

125

1,386

332

18

–

350

-288

5

54

–

–

-16

6

66,053

Balance at January 1, 2019

2,709

-2,579

421

551

  Net profit

  Other comprehensive income/loss before taxes

  Deferred taxes on other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income/loss

-3,765

Dividends

-9

54

-42

42

-174

131

Changes in the consolidated group

Capital increase/Issue of new shares

Acquisition of treasury shares

Issue and disposal of treasury shares

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries

Other

61,344

1,497

62,841

Balance at December 31, 2019

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-50

50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-42

42

–

–

–

 
230  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Significant accounting policies

General information

The Consolidated Financial Statements of Daimler AG and  
its subsidiaries (“Daimler” or “the Group”) have been prepared 
in accordance with Section 315e of the German Commercial 
Code (HGB) and comply with the International Financial Report-
ing Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (EU).

Daimler AG is a stock corporation organized under the laws  
of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Company is entered  
in the Commercial Register of the Stuttgart District Court 
under No. HRB 19360 and its registered office is located at 
Mercedesstraße 120, 70372 Stuttgart, Germany.

The Consolidated Financial Statements of Daimler AG are pre-
sented in euros (€). Unless otherwise stated, all amounts  
are stated in millions of euros. All figures shown are rounded in 
accordance with standard business rounding principles.

The Board of Management authorized the Consolidated 
 Financial Statements for publication on February 19, 2020.

Basis of preparation

Applied IFRS 
The accounting policies applied in the Consolidated Financial 
Statements comply with the IFRS required to be applied in the 
EU as of December 31, 2019.

IFRS issued, EU endorsed and initially adopted in the 
reporting period
In January 2016, the IASB published IFRS 16 Leases, replacing 
IAS 17 Leases and IFRIC 4 Determining Whether an Arrange-
ment Contains a Lease and other interpretations. IFRS 16 abol-
ishes for lessees the previous classification of leasing agree-
ments as either operating or finance leases. Instead, IFRS 16 
introduces a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees 
to recognize assets for the right to use as well as leasing 
 liabilities for the outstanding lease payments. This means that 
as of January 1, 2019 all leases have to be reported in the 
 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position – very similar to 
the former accounting of finance leases.

According to IFRS 16, a lessee may elect, for leases with a 
lease term of 12 months or less (short-term leases) and  
for leases for which the underlying asset is of low value, not to 
recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. Daimler 
applies both recognition exemptions. The lease payments 
associated with those leases are generally recognized as an 
expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term or 
another systematic basis if appropriate.

Right-of-use assets, which are included under property, plant 
and equipment, are measured at cost less any accumulated 
depreciation and, if necessary, any accumulated impairment. 
The cost of a right-of-use asset comprises the present value of 
the outstanding lease payments plus any lease payments made 
at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives 
received, any initial direct costs and an estimate of costs to  
be incurred in dismantling or removing the underlying asset. In 
this context, Daimler also applies the practical expedient that 
the payments for non-lease components are generally recog-
nized as lease payments. If the lease transfers ownership of 
the underlying asset to the lessee at the end of the lease term 
or if the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the lessee 
will exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depre-
ciated to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset. 
 Otherwise, the right-of-use asset is depreciated to the end of 
the lease term.

Lease liabilities, which are assigned to financing liabilities, are 
measured initially at the present value of the lease payments. 
Subsequent measurement of a lease liability includes the 
increase of the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease 
liability and reducing (while affecting other comprehensive 
income) the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

According to IFRS 16, the depreciation of right-of-use assets  
is recognized within functional costs. The interest due on the 
lease liability is a component of interest expense. The lease 
expenses of leases classified according to IAS 17 as operating 
leases have been fully recognized within functional costs.

With the introduction of lessee accounting, payments of lease 
liabilities excluding interest of €701 million are presented in 
the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows under cash flows 
from financing activities, while the interest portion is pre-
sented under cash flows from operating activities – as total 
lease expenses previously were.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  231

Lease accounting for lessors has been taken over almost 
 identically from IAS 17 into IFRS 16.

Daimler applies IFRS 16 for the first time at January 1, 2019. In 
compliance with the transition regulations, Daimler does  
not adjust the prior-year figures and presents the not significant 
accumulated transitional effects in retained earnings.

F.06
Reconciliation to lease liabilities in accordance with IFRS 16

In millions of euros

Other financial obligations resulting from rental 
agreements and operating leases in accordance with 
IAS 17 at December 31, 2018

Daimler as lessee uses the following practical expedients of 
IFRS 16 at the date of initial application:

  Exemptions for short-term leases

  Exemptions for leases of low-value assets

–   With leases previously classified as operating leases accord-
ing to IAS 17, the lease liability is measured at the present 
value of the outstanding lease payments, discounted by the 
incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019. The weighted 
average incremental borrowing rate was 2.27%. The respec-
tive right-of-use asset is generally recognized at an amount 
equal to the lease liability.

–   An impairment review is not performed. Instead, a right-  

of-use asset is adjusted by the amount of any provision for 
onerous leases recognized in the Statement of Financial 
Position at December 31, 2018.

 Payments related to options 
to extend or terminate a lease

 Payments related to non-lease components

 Others

Obligations from operating lease arrangements 
(undiscounted)

 Discounting

Obligations from operating lease arrangements 
(discounted)

 Carrying amount of liabilities from finance leases 
in accordance with IAS 17 at December 31, 2018

Carrying amount of lease liabilities in 
accordance with IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019

3,800

-226

-36

256

77

75

3,946

-503

3,443

347

3,790

–   Regardless of their original lease term, leases for which  

the lease term ends at the latest on December 31, 2019 are 
recognized as short-term leases.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include assets and 
 liabilities, which were recognized until December 31, 2018 as 
finance leases in accordance with IAS 17.

–   At the date of initial application, the measurement of a 

 right-of-use asset excludes the initial direct costs.

–   Current knowledge is given due consideration when 

 determining the lease term if the contract contains options 
to extend or terminate the lease.

In the context of the transition to IFRS 16, right-of-use assets 
of €3,777 million (including finance leases of €335 million) and 
lease liabilities of €3,790 million were recognized at January 1, 
2019. The following reconciliation (see  F.06) to the opening 
balance for lease liabilities as at January 1, 2019 is based  
on the other financial obligations from rental agreements and 
operating leases at December 31, 2018.

Certain interest rate benchmarks such as the London Inter-
bank Offered Rate (for USD, GBP, CHF and JPY) will be globally 
reformed and replaced by alternative risk-free interest rates  
by the end of 2021. As a reaction to the uncertainty arising from 
the transition, the IASB has published amendments to IFRS 9, 
IAS 39 and IFRS 7 (Interest Rate Benchmark Reform: 
Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7). These amend-
ments contain exceptions to specific hedge accounting 
requirements, which allow the hedge to be continued as if the 
reference rates on which the hedged item and hedging instru-
ment are based were not changed by the benchmark reform.

Application is mandatory for reporting periods beginning on  
or after January 1, 2020. Application ends when the uncertainty 
arising from the interest benchmark reform is no longer 
 present with respect to the timing and the amount of the inter-
est rate benchmark-based cash flows of the hedged item and 
the hedging instrument. Daimler adopts the amendments early 
and avoids the hedge accounting implications that could  
have been caused by the replacement of the interest rate bench-
marks in the form of ineffectiveness or de-designation.

 
 
 
 
 
 
232  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

IFRS issued but neither EU endorsed nor yet adopted 
In May 2017, the IASB issued IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts. 
IFRS 17 replaces the currently applicable IFRS 4. It establishes 
more transparency and comparability with regard to the recog-
nition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance 
contracts with the insurer. The application of IFRS 17 is manda-
tory for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2021. 
Early adoption is permitted. Daimler currently does not expect 
any material impacts on the Group’s profitability, liquidity and 
capital resources or financial position due to the application  
of IFRS 17. Early adoption is not currently planned.

In addition, further standards and interpretations have been 
approved which are not expected to have a material impact on 
the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Presentation 
Presentation in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
 Position differentiates between current and non-current assets 
and liabilities. Assets and liabilities are classified as current  
if they are expected to be realized or settled within one year or 
within a longer and normal operating cycle. Deferred tax assets 
and liabilities as well as assets and provisions for pensions  
and similar obligations are generally presented as non-current 
items.

The Consolidated Statement of Income is presented using the 
cost-of-sales method.

Measurement 
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on 
the historical-cost basis with the exception of certain items 
such as financial assets measured at fair value through profit or 
loss, derivative financial instruments, hedged items, and 
 pensions and similar obligations. The measurement models 
applied to those exceptions are described below.

Principles of consolidation 
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial 
statements of Daimler AG and the financial statements of all 
subsidiaries, including structured entities, which are directly  
or indirectly controlled by Daimler AG. Control exists if the 
 parent company has the power of decision over a subsidiary 
based on voting rights or other rights, if it participates in 
 positive and negative variable returns from a subsidiary, and  
if it can affect these returns by its power of decision.

Structured entities which are controlled also have to be 
 consolidated. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities remain in 
the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Structured 
entities are entities which have been designed so that voting  
or similar rights are not relevant in deciding who controls  
the entity. This is the case for example if voting rights relate  
to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are 
directed by means of contractual arrangements.

The financial statements of consolidated subsidiaries which 
are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements are gen-
erally prepared as of the reporting date of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. The financial statements of Daimler AG 
and its subsidiaries included in the Consolidated Financial 
Statements are prepared using uniform recognition and mea-
surement principles. All intercompany assets and liabilities, 
equity, income and expenses as well as cash flows from trans-
actions between consolidated entities are entirely eliminated 
in the course of the consolidation process.

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase 
method.

Changes in equity interests in Group subsidiaries that reduce 
or increase Daimler’s percentage ownership without change of 
control are accounted for as an equity transaction between 
owners.

Investments in associated companies, joint ventures or 
joint operations 
An associated company is an entity over which the Group  
has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to 
participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of 
the investee. Associated companies are generally accounted 
for using the equity method.

For entities over which Daimler has joint control together with  
a partner (joint arrangements), it is necessary to differentiate 
whether a joint operation or a joint venture exists. In a joint 
venture, the parties that have joint control of the arrangement 
have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. For joint 
 ventures, the equity method has to be applied. A joint operation 
exists when the jointly controlling parties have direct rights  
to the assets and obligations for the liabilities. In this case, the 
prorated assets and liabilities and the prorated income and 
expenses are generally to be recognized (proportionate consol-
idation). Joint operations that have no significant impact on  
the Consolidated Financial Statements are generally accounted 
for using the equity method.

In the special event that the financial statements of associated 
companies, joint ventures or joint operations should not be 
available in good time, the Group’s proportionate share of the 
results of operations is included in Daimler’s Consolidated 
Financial Statements with a one to three-month time lag. Sig-
nificant events or transactions are accounted for without a 
time lag, however (see E Note 13).

Subsidiaries measured at amortized cost 
Subsidiaries, associated companies, joint ventures and joint 
operations whose business is non-active or of low volume and 
that individually and in sum are not material for the Group and 
the fair presentation of profitability, liquidity and capital 
resources, and financial position are generally measured at 
amortized cost in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  233

Foreign currency translation
Transactions in foreign currency are translated at the relevant 
foreign exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date. In 
subsequent periods, assets and liabilities denominated in for-
eign currency are translated using period-end exchange rates; 
gains and losses from this measurement are recognized in 
profit and loss (except for gains and losses resulting from the 
translation of equity instruments measured at fair value 
through other comprehensive income, which are recognized  
in other comprehensive income/loss).

Assets and liabilities of foreign companies for which the func-
tional currency is not the euro are translated into euros using 
period-end exchange rates. The translation adjustments are 
presented in other comprehensive income/loss. The components 
of equity are translated using historical rates. The statements 
of income and cash flows are translated into euros using average 
exchange rates during the respective periods.

The exchange rates of the US dollar, the British pound, the 
 Japanese yen and the Chinese renminbi – the most significant 
foreign currencies for Daimler – are as shown in table  F.07.

Hyperinflation
To determine whether a country is to be considered as in 
hyperinflation, Daimler refers to the list published by the Inter-
national Practices Task Force (IPTF) of the Center of the  
Audit Quality or other relevant international publications. If a 
country is in hyperinflation, IAS 29 Financial Reporting in 
Hyperinflationary Economies has to be applied from the begin-
ning of the respective reporting period, i.e. from January 1  
of the respective reporting year.

As a consequence of the assessment that Argentina is in 
hyperinflation, Daimler applies IAS 29 to our Argentinian busi-
ness since January 1, 2018. This application does not have  
a material impact on the Group’s profitability, liquidity and 
 capital resources and financial position.

F.07
Exchange rates

USD

1 € =

GBP

1 € =

JPY

1 € =

2019

CNY

1 € =

USD

1 € =

GBP

1 € =

JPY

1 € =

2018

CNY

1 € =

Average exchange rate on December 31

1.1234

0.8508

121.9400

7.8205

1.1450

0.8945

125.8500

7.8751

Average exchange rates during the 
respective period

First quarter

Second quarter

Third quarter

Fourth quarter

1.1358

1.1237

1.1119

1.1071

0.8725

125.0800

0.8748

123.4700

0.9021

119.3200

0.8608

120.3200

7.6635

7.6721

7.8000

7.8012

1.2292

1.1918

1.1629

1.1414

0.8834

133.1700

0.8762

130.0900

0.8924

129.6100

0.8867

128.8200

7.8154

7.6035

7.9151

7.8953

234  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Accounting policies

Revenue recognition
Revenue from sales of vehicles, service parts and other related 
products is recognized when control of the goods is trans-
ferred to the customer. This generally occurs at the time the 
customer takes possession of the products.

Generally, payment from sales of vehicles, service parts  
and other related products is made when the customer obtains 
control of these products.

Dealers may finance their vehicle inventory by dealer inventory 
financing provided by Daimler Mobility (formerly Daimler 
 Financial Services). Furthermore end-customers may be credit 
financed by Daimler Mobility. Receivables from sales financing 
with end-customers and dealers are presented in receivables 
from financial services. Further information is provided in 
E Note 14.

Revenue recognition from the sale of vehicles for which the 
Group enters into a repurchase obligation is dependent on the 
form of the repurchase agreement:

–   Sales of vehicles in the form of a forward (Daimler’s obli-

gation to repurchase the asset) and a call option (Daimler’s 
right to repurchase the asset) are reported as operating 
leases.

–   Sales of vehicles including a put option (an entity’s obliga-

tion to repurchase the asset at the customer’s request) are 
reported as operating leases if the customer has a signifi-
cant economic incentive to exercise that right at contract 
inception. Otherwise a sale with a right of return is reported. 
Daimler considers several factors when assessing whether 
the customer has a significant economic incentive to  exercise 
his right. Amongst others, these are the relation between 
the agreed repurchase price and the expected future market 
value (at the time of repurchase) of the asset, or historical 
return rates.

Arrangements such as when Daimler provides customers with  
a guaranteed minimum resale value that they receive on resale 
(residual-value guarantee) do not constraint the customers  
in their ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all 
of the benefits from, the asset. At contract inception of a sale 
with a residual-value guarantee, revenue therefore has to be 
recognized. However, a potential compensation payment to  
the customer has to be considered (revenue deferral).

Under a contract manufacturing agreement, Daimler sells 
assets to a third-party manufacturer from which Daimler buys 
back the manufactured products after completion of the 
 commissioned work. If the sale of the assets is not accompanied 
by the transfer of control to the third-party manufacturer, no 
revenue will be recognized under IFRS 15.

The Group offers extended, separately priced warranties for 
certain products as well as service and maintenance con-
tracts. Revenue from these contracts is deferred insofar as a 
customer has made an advance payment and is generally 
 recognized over the contract period in proportion to the costs 
expected to be incurred based on historical information. A  
loss on these contracts is recognized in the current period if the 
expected costs for outstanding services under the contract 
exceed unearned revenue. Usually, those contracts are paid in 
advance or in equal instalments over the contract term.

For multiple-element arrangements, such as when vehicles  
are sold with free or reduced-in-price maintenance programs 
or with free online services, the Group generally allocates 
 revenue to the various elements based on their estimated rela-
tive stand-alone selling prices. To determine stand-alone sell-
ing prices, Daimler primarily uses price lists with consideration 
of average price reductions granted to its customers.

Vehicles may be initially sold to non-Group dealers. Sub-
sequently a customer decides to enter into a leasing contract 
with Daimler Mobility regarding such a vehicle. The vehicle is 
therefore sold by the non-Group dealer to Daimler Mobility and 
a leasing contract is entered into with the customer. When 
control of the vehicle is transferred to the non-Group dealer 
Daimler recognizes revenue from the sale of the vehicle.

The incremental cost of obtaining contracts is recognized  
as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would 
be no longer than one year.

Daimler does not adjust the promised amount of consideration 
for the effects of a significant financing component if at 
 contract inception it is expected that the period between the 
transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and pay-
ment by the customer is no longer than one year.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  235

Revenue also includes revenue from the rental and leasing 
business as well as interest from the financial services business 
at Daimler Mobility. Revenue generated from operating leases 
is recognized on a straight-line basis over the periods of the 
contracts. In addition, sales revenue is generated at the end of 
lease contracts from the subsequent sale of the vehicles. 
 Revenue from receivables from financial services is recognized 
using the effective interest method.

Daimler uses a variety of sales promotion programs dependent 
on various market conditions in individual countries as well  
as the respective product life cycles and product-related factors 
(such as amounts of discounts offered by competitors, excess 
industry production capacity, the intensity of market competi-
tion and consumer demand for the products). These programs 
comprise cash offers to dealers and customers as well as lease 
subsidies or loans at reduced interest rates which are reported 
as follows:

–   Revenue is recognized net of sales reductions such as cash 

discounts and sales incentives granted.

–   When loans are issued below market rates, related receiv-

ables are recognized at present value (using market rates) 
and revenue is reduced for the interest incentive granted.

–   If subsidized leasing fees are agreed upon in connection  

with finance leases, revenue from the sale of a vehicle is 
reduced by the amount of the interest incentive granted.

Research and non-capitalized development costs
Expenditure for research and development that does not meet 
the conditions for capitalization according to IAS 38 Intangible 
Assets is expensed as incurred.

Borrowing costs 
Borrowing costs are expensed as incurred unless they are 
directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or produc-
tion of a qualifying asset and are therefore part of the cost  
of that asset. Depreciation of the capitalized borrowing costs 
is presented within cost of sales.

Government grants 
Government grants related to assets are deducted from the 
carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in earnings 
over the life of a depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation 
expense. Government grants which compensate the Group for 
expenses are recognized as other operating income in the 
same period as the expenses themselves.

Profit/loss on equity-method investments 
This item includes all income and expenses in connection  
with investments accounted for using the equity method. In 
addition to the prorated profits and losses from financial 
investments, it also includes profits and losses resulting from 
the sale of equity interests or the remeasurement of equity 
interests following a loss of significant influence or joint con-
trol. Daimler’s share of dilution gains and losses occurring if 
the Group or other owners do not participate in capital increases 
of companies in which shares are held and accounted for  
using the equity method are also included in profit/loss on 
equity-method investments. This item also includes impair-
ment losses and/or gains on the reversal of such impairments 
of equity-method investments.

Other financial income/expense, net 
Other financial income/expense, net includes all income  
and expense from financial transactions which are included 
neither in interest income nor in interest expense, and which 
for Daimler Mobility are included neither in revenue nor in cost 
of sales. For example, expense from the compounding of inter-
est on provisions for other risks is recorded in this line item.

Furthermore, income and expenses from equity interests  
are included in other financial income/expense, net, if such  
in-come or expenses are not presented under equity-method 
investments.

Interest income and interest expense 
Interest income and interest expense include interest income 
from investments in securities, cash and cash equivalents as 
well as interest expense from liabilities. Furthermore, interest 
and changes in fair values related to interest rate hedging 
activities as well as income and expense resulting from the 
allocation of premiums and discounts are included. The inter-
est components of defined benefit pension obligations and 
other similar obligations as well as of the plan assets available 
to cover these obligations and interest on supplementary 
income tax payments or reimbursements are also presented  
in this line item.

For the segment Daimler Mobility interest income and expense 
and gains or losses from derivative financial instruments  
from financial services business are disclosed under revenue 
and cost of sales respectively.

236  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Income taxes 
Income taxes are comprised of current income taxes and 
deferred taxes.

Current income taxes are calculated based on the respective 
local taxable income and local tax rules for the period. In addi-
tion, current income taxes presented for the period include 
adjustments for uncertain tax payments or tax refunds for 
periods not yet finally assessed, however, excluding interest 
expenses and interest refunds and penalties on the underpay-
ment of taxes. For the case it is probable that amounts 
declared as expenses in the tax returns might not be recognized 
(uncertain tax positions), a liability for income taxes is 
 recognized. The amount is based on the best estimate of the 
expected tax payment (expected value or most likely amount). 
Tax refund claims from uncertain tax positions are recognized 
when it is probable that they can be realized. Only in the case  
of tax loss carryforwards or unused tax credits, no liability for 
taxes or tax claim is recognized for these uncertain tax posi-
tions. Instead, the deferred tax assets for the unused tax loss 
carryforwards or tax credits are to be adjusted.

In the year 2019, a clarification regarding the presentation  
of income taxes in the statement of financial position was pub-
lished by the IFRIC. As a result of this clarification, the former 
provisions for income taxes now have to be shown as income 
tax liabilities which are part of the other liabilities. As a result, 
the current and non-current provisions for income taxes recog-
nized at December 31, 2018 (€823 million and €628 million) 
were reclassified to current and non-current liabilities. The 
reclassification has no impact on the Group’s profitability  
or liquidity and capital resources.

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are generally rec-
ognized through profit and loss in deferred taxes in the Con-
solidated Statement of Income, except for changes recognized 
in other comprehensive income/loss or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets or liabilities are calculated on the basis of 
temporary differences between the tax basis and the financial 
reporting of assets and liabilities including differences from 
consolidation, on unused tax loss carryforwards and unused 
tax credits. Measurement is based on the tax rates expected 
to be effective in the period in which an asset is recognized or 
a liability is settled. For this purpose, the tax rates and tax 
rules are used which have been enacted at the reporting date 
or are soon to be enacted. Daimler recognizes a valuation 
allowance for deferred tax assets when it is unlikely that a cor-
responding amount of future taxable profit will be available 
against which the deductible temporary differences, tax loss 
carryforwards and tax credits can be utilized. Deferred tax 
 liabilities for taxable temporary differences in connection with 
investments in subsidiaries, branches, associates and inter-
ests in joint arrangements are not recognized if the Group is 
able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary 
 difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will 
not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Earnings per share 
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing profit attribut-
able to shareholders of Daimler AG by the weighted average 
number of shares outstanding. As nothing occurred in the years 
2019 and 2018 that resulted in any dilution, diluted earnings 
per share were the same as basic earnings per share in those 
years.

Intangible assets 
Intangible assets are measured at acquisition or manufacturing 
cost less accumulated amortization. If necessary, accumulated 
impairment losses are recognized.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are reviewed 
 annually to determine whether indefinite-life assessment con-
tinues to be appropriate. If not, the change in the useful-life 
assessment from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective 
basis.

Development costs for vehicles and components are recognized 
if the conditions for capitalization according to IAS 38 are 
met. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is carried at 
cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impair-
ment losses. Capitalized development costs include all direct 
costs and allocable overheads and are amortized on a straight-
line basis over the expected product life cycle (a maximum  
of ten years). Amortization of capitalized development costs is 
an element of manufacturing costs and is allocated to those 
vehicles and components by which they were generated and is 
included in cost of sales when the inventory (vehicles) is sold.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  237

Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are generally 
amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives (three 
to ten years). The amortization period for intangible assets 
with finite useful lives is reviewed at least at each year-end. 
Changes in expected useful lives are treated as changes in 
accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible 
assets with finite useful lives is recorded in functional costs.

With acquisitions, goodwill represents the excess of the 
 consideration transferred over the fair values assigned to the 
identifiable assets proportionally acquired and liabilities 
assumed. Goodwill is accounted for at the subsidiaries in the 
functional currency of those subsidiaries.

In connection with obtaining control, non-controlling interest 
in the acquiree is principally recognized at the proportionate 
share of the acquiree’s identifiable assets, which are measured 
at fair value.

Property, plant and equipment 
Property, plant and equipment are measured at acquisition  
or manufacturing costs less accumulated depreciation. If nec-
essary, accumulated impairment losses are recognized.

The costs of internally produced equipment and facilities 
include all direct costs and allocable overheads. Acquisition or 
manufacturing costs include the estimated costs, if any,  
of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site.

F.08
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

Buildings and site improvements

Technical equipment and machinery

Other equipment, factory and office equipment

10 to 50 years

5 to 25 years

3 to 30 years

In the case of an operating lease, the lease payments or  
rental payments were expensed on a straight-line basis in the 
Consolidated Statement of Income.

Assets carried as finance leases were measured at the begin-
ning of the (lease) contract at the lower of the present value of 
the minimum lease payments and the fair value of the leased 
object, and in the following periods less accumulated deprecia-
tion and other accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation 
was on a straight-line basis; residual values of the assets were 
given due consideration. Payment obligations resulting from 
future lease payments were discounted and disclosed under 
financing liabilities.

Since January 1, 2019 the Group as a lessee has recognized 
right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities for the payment 
obligations entered into for generally all leases in the state-
ment of financial position at present value. The lease liabilities 
include the following lease payments:

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over the useful 
lives as shown in table  F.08.

–   fixed payments including defacto fixed payments, less lease 

incentives receivables from the lessor;

Leasing 
Leases include all contracts that transfer the right to use a 
specified asset for a stated period of time in exchange for con-
sideration, even if the right to use such asset is not explicitly 
described in the contract. The Group is a lessee mainly of real 
estate properties and a lessor of its products.

Daimler as lessee 
Until December 31, 2018 it was evaluated on the basis of the 
risks and rewards of a leased asset according to IAS 17 
whether the ownership of the leased asset is attributed to the 
lessee (so-called finance lease) or to the lessor (so-called 
operating lease).

–   variable lease payments linked to an index or interest rate;

–   amounts expected to be payable under residual value 

 guarantees;

–   the exercise price of purchase options, when exercise is 

 estimated to be reasonably certain and

–   contractual penalties for the termination of a lease if  

the lease term reflects the exercise of a termination option.

Lease payments are discounted at the rate implicit in the lease 
if that rate can readily be determined. Otherwise, discounting  
is at the incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrow-
ing rate, which is mainly applied at Daimler, is based on risk-
adjusted interest rates and determined for the respective lease 
terms and currencies. As the cash flow pattern of the refer-
ence interest rates (bullet bonds) does not correspond to the 
cash flow pattern of a lease contract (annuity), we use a dura-
tion adjustment in order to account for that difference.

238  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Daimler generally also applies the option for contracts 
 comprising lease components as well as non-lease components 
not to split these components.

Extension and termination options are part of a number  
of leases particularly of real estate. Such contract terms offer 
Daimler the greatest possible flexibility. In determining  
the lease term, all facts and circumstances offering economic 
incentives for exercising extension options or not exercising 
termination options are taken into account. In determining the 
lease term, those options are only considered if they are 
 reasonably certain.

–   Sales of vehicles including a put option (an entity’s obliga-

tion to repurchase the asset at the customer’s request) are 
reported as operating leases if the customer has a signifi-
cant economic incentive to exercise that right. Otherwise a 
sale with a right of return is reported. Daimler considers 
 several factors when assessing whether a customer has a 
significant economic incentive to exercise his right at 
 contract inception. Amongst others these are the relation 
between repurchase price and the expected future market 
value (at the time of repurchase) of the asset or historical 
return rates.

Sale and leaseback 
In a sale and leaseback transaction, the requirements of 
IFRS 15 are applied, to ascertain whether the transfer of an 
asset has to be accounted for as a sale.

If the transfer of an asset does not satisfy the requirements  
of IFRS 15 to be accounted for as a sale of the asset, the trans-
ferred asset is still recognized and a financial liability is recog-
nized equal to the transfer proceeds in accordance with IFRS 9.

If the transfer of an asset is accounted for as a sale, the  
lessee accounting principles described above apply to those 
sold assets if Daimler leases them back from the buyer.

Daimler as lessor 
Based on the risk and rewards associated with a leased asset, 
it is assessed whether economic ownership of the leased  
asset is transferred to the lessee (so-called finance leases) or 
remains with the lessor (so-called operating leases).

Operating leases, i.e. by which the economic ownership of the 
vehicle remains at Daimler, relate to vehicles that the Group 
produces itself and leases to third parties. Additionally an 
operating lease may have to be reported with sales of vehicles 
for which the Group enters into a repurchase obligation:

–   Sales of vehicles in the form of a forward (an entity’s obli-

gation to repurchase the asset) and a call option (an entity’s 
right to repurchase the asset) are reported as operating 
leases.

As part of the established residual-value management process, 
especially for operating lease contracts, certain assumptions 
are regularly made at local and corporate levels regarding the 
expected level of prices, based upon which the cars to be 
returned in the leasing business are evaluated. If changing 
market developments lead to a negative deviation from 
assumptions, there is a risk of lower residual values of used 
cars. Depending on the region and the current market situa-
tion, the measures taken generally include continuous market 
monitoring as well as, if required, price-setting strategies or 
sales-promotion measures designed to regulate vehicle inven-
tories. The quality of market forecasts is verified by regular 
comparisons of internal and external sources, and, if required, 
the determination of residual values is adjusted and further 
developed with regard to methods, processes and systems.

In the case of accounting as an operating lease, these vehicles 
are capitalized at (depreciated) cost of production under 
leased equipment and are depreciated over the contract term 
on a straight-line basis with consideration of the expected 
residual values. Changes in the expected residual values lead 
either to prospective adjustments of the scheduled deprecia-
tion or to an impairment loss if necessary. The vehicles are 
allocated to the segment which bears substantially all of the 
residual value risk.

Operating leases also relate to vehicles, primarily Group prod-
ucts that Daimler Mobility acquires from non-Group dealers  
or other third parties and leases to end customers. These vehi-
cles are presented at (amortized) cost of acquisition under 
leased equipment in the Daimler Mobility segment. If these 
vehicles are Group products and are subsidized, the subsidies 
are deducted from the cost of acquisition. After revenue is 
received from the sale to independent dealers, these Group 
products generate revenue from lease payments and sub-
sequent resale on the basis of the separate leasing contracts. 
The revenue received from the sale of Group products to the 
dealers is estimated by the Group as being of the magnitude of 
the respective addition to leased equipment at Daimler Mobil-
ity. In 2019, additions to leased equipment from these vehicles 
at Daimler Mobility amounted to approximately €14 billion 
(2018: approximately €13 billion).

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  239

In the case of finance leases, the Group presents the receiv-
ables under receivables from financial services in an amount 
corresponding to the net investment of the lease agreements. 
The net investment of a lease agreement is the gross invest-
ment (future lease payments and non-guaranteed residual value) 
discounted at the rate upon which the lease agreement is 
based.

Equity-method investments 
On the date of acquisition, a positive difference between cost 
of acquisition and Daimler’s share of the fair values of the 
 identifiable assets and liabilities of the associated company or 
joint venture is determined and recognized as investor level 
goodwill. The goodwill is included in the carrying amount of the 
equity-method investment. If an equity interest in an existing 
associated company is increased without change in significant 
influence, goodwill is determined only for the additionally 
acquired interest; the previous investment is not remeasured 
at fair value.

Daimler reviews on each reporting date whether there is any 
objective indication of impairments or impairment reversals of 
equity-method investments. If such indications exist, the 
Group determines the impairment loss or reversal to be recog-
nized. If the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount  
of an investment, the carrying amount is written down to the 
recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of 
fair value less costs to sell and value in use. An impairment 
reversal is carried out if there is objective evidence for an impair-
ment reversal. If such an assessment is made, the recoverable 
amount is remeasured. An impairment reversal is recognized 
to the extent that the recoverable amount has increased sub-
sequent to the impairment and is limited to the amount by 
which an asset has been impaired.

Gains or losses (to be eliminated) from transactions with com-
panies accounted for using the equity method are recognized 
through profit and loss with corresponding adjustments of the 
investments’ carrying amounts. Deconsolidation effects from 
the contribution of interests in subsidiaries to investments 
which are measured using the equity method are also subject 
to elimination adjustments to the carrying amount of the 
investment.

Impairment of non-current non-financial assets 
Daimler assesses at each reporting date whether there is  
an indication that an asset may be impaired or whether there is 
an indication that a previously recognized impairment loss  
may be reversed. If such indication exists, Daimler estimates the 
recoverable amount of the asset. The recoverable amount is 
determined for each individual asset unless the asset generates 
cash inflows that are not largely independent of those from 
other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Good-
will and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are 
tested at least annually for impairment; this takes place at the 
level of the cash-generating units. If the carrying amount of  
an asset or of a cash-generating unit exceeds the recoverable 
amount, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of 
disposal and value in use. For cash-generating units, Daimler  
in a first step determines the respective recoverable amount as 
value in use and compares it with the respective carrying 
amount (including goodwill). The cash-generating units are 
generally defined as the reporting segments.

Value in use is measured by discounting expected future cash 
flows from the continuing use of the cash-generating units 
using a risk-adjusted interest rate. Future cash flows are deter-
mined on the basis of the long-term planning, which is 
approved by management and which is valid at the date when 
the impairment test is conducted. This planning is based  
on expectations regarding future market shares, the general 
development of respective markets as well as the products’ 
profitability. The multi-year planning comprises a planning hori-
zon until 2026 and therefore mainly covers the product life 
cycles of the automotive business. The rounded risk-adjusted 
interest rates used to discount cash flows, which are calcu-
lated for each cash-generating unit, are unchanged from the 
previous year at 8% after taxes for the cash-generating units of 
the automotive business. For the cash-generating unit Daimler 
Mobility, a risk-adjusted interest rate of 9% after taxes is 
applied (unchanged from the previous year). Whereas the dis-
count rate for the cash-generating unit Daimler Mobility 
 represents the cost of equity, the risk-adjusted interest rate for 
the cash-generating units of the automotive business is based 
on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). These are cal-
culated based on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) 
 taking into account current market expectations. In calculating 
the risk-adjusted interest rate for impairment test purposes, 
specific peer group information is used for beta factors, capital-
structure data and cost of debt. Periods not covered by the 
forecast are taken into account by recognizing a residual value 
(terminal value), which does not consider any growth rates.  
In addition, several sensitivity analyses are conducted. These 
show that even in the case of more unfavorable premises for 
main influencing factors with respect to the original planning, 
no need for impairment exists. If value in use is lower than  
the carrying amount, fair value less costs of disposal is addi-
tionally calculated to determine the recoverable amount.

240  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Upon initial recognition, financial instruments are measured  
at fair value. For the purpose of subsequent measurement, 
financial instruments are allocated to one of the categories 
mentioned in IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (financial assets 
measured at amortized cost, financial assets measured at fair 
value through other comprehensive income and financial 
assets measured at fair value through profit or loss). Transac-
tion costs directly attributable to acquisition or issuance are 
considered by determining the carrying amount if the financial 
instruments are not measured at fair value through profit  
or loss.

Financial assets 
Financial assets primarily comprise receivables from financial 
services, trade receivables, receivables from banks, cash  
on hand, derivative financial assets, marketable securities and 
similar investments and financial investments. The classifica-
tion of financial instruments is based on the business model in 
which these instruments are held and on their contractual  
cash flows.

The determination of the business model is made at the 
 portfolio level and is based on management’s intention and 
past transaction patterns. Assessments of the contractual 
cash flows are made on an instrument by instrument basis.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include 
financial assets with cash flows other than those of principal 
and interest on the nominal amount outstanding. Furthermore, 
financial assets that are held in a business model other than 
“hold to collect” or “hold to collect and sell” are included here.

An assessment for assets other than goodwill is made at each 
reporting date as to whether there is any indication that 
 previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist 
or may be reversed. If this is the case, Daimler records a 
 partial or entire reversal of the impairment; the carrying amount 
is thereby increased to the recoverable amount. However,  
the increased carrying amount may not exceed the carrying 
amount that would have been determined (net of deprecia-
tion) had no impairment loss been recognized in prior years.

Non-current assets held for sale and disposal groups 
The Group classifies non-current assets or disposal groups as 
held for sale if the carrying amount will be recovered princi-
pally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing 
use. In this case, the assets or disposal groups are no longer 
depreciated but measured at the lower of carrying amount and 
fair value less costs to sell. Immediately before the classifica-
tion, the carrying amount is determined in accordance with the 
applicable requirements. If fair value less costs to sell subse-
quently increases, any impairment loss previously recognized 
is reversed. This reversal is restricted to the impairment loss 
previously recognized for the assets or disposal group con-
cerned. The Group generally discloses these assets or disposal 
groups separately in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position.

Inventories
Inventories are measured at the lower of acquisition or manu-
facturing cost and net realizable value. The net realizable value 
is the estimated selling price less estimated costs of comple-
tion and estimated costs to sell. The acquisition or manufactur-
ing costs of inventories are generally based on the specific 
identification method and include costs incurred in acquiring 
the inventories and bringing them to their existing location  
and condition. Acquisition or manufacturing costs for large 
numbers of inventories that are interchangeable are allocated 
under the average cost formula. In the case of manufactured 
inventories and work in progress, manufacturing cost also 
includes production overheads based on normal capacity.

Financial instruments 
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a 
 financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity 
instrument of another entity. Financial instruments in the  
form of financial assets and financial liabilities are generally 
presented separately. Financial instruments are recognized  
as soon as Daimler becomes a party to the contractual provi-
sions of the financial instrument. In the case of purchases or 
sales of financial assets through the regular market, Daimler 
uses the transaction date as the date of initial recognition  
or derecognition.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  241

assets at fair value through other comprehensive income is 
generally reported as interest income using the effective inter-
est method. Changes in the fair value of equity instruments 
measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 
are not recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognized in 
profit or loss when the right of payment has been established.

Impairment of financial assets 
At each reporting date, a loss allowance is recognized for 
financial assets, loan commitments and financial guarantees 
other than those to be measured at fair value through  
profit or loss reflecting expected losses for these instruments. 
Expected credit losses are allocated using three stages:

Stage 1: expected credit losses within the next twelve months

Stage 1 includes all contracts with no significant increase  
in credit risk since initial recognition and usually includes new 
acquisitions and contracts with fewer than 31 days past  
due date. The portion of the lifetime expected credit losses 
resulting from default events possible within the next 12 
months is recognized.

Stage 2: expected credit losses over the lifetime – not credit 
impaired

If a financial asset has a significant increase in credit risk since 
initial recognition but is not yet credit impaired, it is moved  
to stage 2 and measured at lifetime expected credit loss, which 
is defined as the expected credit loss that results from all 
 possible default events over the expected life of a financial 
instrument.

Stage 3: expected credit losses over the lifetime – credit 
impaired

If a financial asset is defined as credit-impaired or in default,  
it is transferred to stage 3 and measured at lifetime expected 
credit loss. Objective evidence for a credit-impaired financial 
asset includes 91 days past due date and other information 
about significant financial difficulties of the borrower.

In addition, derivatives, including embedded derivatives sepa-
rated from the host contract, which are not classified as 
 hedging instruments in hedge accounting, as well as financial 
assets acquired for the purpose of selling in the short term 
that are classified as held for trading, are included here. Gains 
or losses on these financial assets are recognized in profit or 
loss.

Financial assets at amortized cost. Financial assets at amor-
tized cost are non-derivative financial assets with contractual 
cash flows that consist solely of payments of principal and 
interest on the nominal amount outstanding and which are 
held with the aim of collecting the contractual cash flows, such 
as receivables from financial services, trade receivables or 
cash and cash equivalents (business model “hold to collect”). 
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on hand, 
checks and demand deposits at banks, as well as debt instru-
ments and certificates of deposits with a remaining term  
when acquired of up to three months, which are not subject to 
any material value fluctuations. Cash and cash equivalents 
 correspond with the classification in the Consolidated State-
ment of Cash Flows.

After initial recognition, financial assets at amortized cost are 
subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective 
interest method less any loss allowances. Gains and losses are 
recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income when  
the financial assets at amortized cost are impaired or derecog-
nized. Interest effects on the application of the effective 
 interest method are also recognized in profit or loss as well as 
effects from foreign currency translation.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive 
income. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehen-
sive income are non-derivative financial assets with contrac-
tual cash flows that consist solely of payments of principal and 
interest on the nominal amount outstanding which are held  
to collect the contractual cash flows as well as to sell the finan-
cial assets, e.g. to achieve a defined liquidity target (business 
model “hold to collect and sell”). This category also includes 
equity instruments not held for trading for which the option to 
present changes in the fair value of the instrument within  
other comprehensive income has been applied.

After initial measurement, financial assets at fair value through 
other comprehensive income are measured at fair value,  
with unrealized gains or losses being recognized in other com-
prehensive income/loss. Upon disposal of financial assets,  
the accumulated gains and losses recognized in other compre-
hensive income/loss resulting from measurement at fair value 
are recognized in profit or loss. Interest earned on financial 

242  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The determination of whether a financial asset has experienced 
a significant increase in credit risk is based on an assessment  
of the probability of default, which is made at least quarterly, 
incorporating external credit rating information as well as 
internal information on the credit quality of the financial asset. 
For debt instruments that are not receivables from financial 
services, a significant increase in credit risk is assessed mainly 
based on past-due information or the probability of default.

A financial asset is migrated to stage 2 if the asset’s credit  
risk has increased significantly compared to its credit risk at 
initial recognition. The credit risk is assessed based on  
the probability of default. For trade receivables, the simplified 
approach is applied whereby all trade receivables are allocated 
to stage 2 initially. Hence, no determination of significant 
increases in credit risk is necessary.

Daimler applies the low credit risk exception to the stage 
 allocation to quoted debt instruments with investment-grade 
ratings. These debt instruments are always allocated to stage 1.

In stage 1 and 2, the effective interest revenue is calculated 
based on gross carrying amounts. If a financial asset becomes 
credit impaired in stage 3, the effective interest revenue is 
 calculated based on its net carrying amount (gross carrying 
amount adjusted for any loss allowance).

Measurement of expected credit losses. Expected credit losses 
are measured in a way that reflects:

a)  

the unbiased and probability-weighted amount;

b)   the time value of money and

c)  

 reasonable and supportable information (if available 
 without undue cost or effort) at the reporting date about 
past events, current conditions and forecasts of future 
economic conditions.

Expected credit losses are measured as the probability-
weighted present value of all cash shortfalls over the expected 
life of each financial asset. For receivables from financial 
 services, expected credit losses are mainly calculated with a 
statistical model using three major risk parameters: pro-
bability of default, loss given default and exposure at default.

The estimation of these risk parameters incorporates all 
 available relevant information, not only historical and current 
loss data, but also reasonable and supportable forward-look-
ing information reflected by the future expectation factors. 
This information includes macroeconomic factors (e.g., gross 
domestic product growth, unemployment rate, cost perfor-
mance index) and forecasts of future economic conditions. For 
receivables from financial services, these forecasts are 
 performed using a scenario analysis (basic scenario, optimistic 
scenario and pessimistic scenario). The impairment amount  
for trade receivables is predominantly determined on a collec-
tive basis.

A financial instrument is written off when there is no reasonable 
expectation of recovery, for example at the end of insol-
vency proceedings or after a court decision of uncollectibility.

Significant modification (e.g., that leads to a change in the 
present value of the contractual cash flows of 10%) leads  
to derecognition of financial assets. This is estimated to be rare 
and immaterial for receivables from financial services. If the 
terms of a contract are renegotiated or modified and this does 
not result in derecognition of the contract, then the gross 
 carrying amount of the contract has to be recalculated and a 
modification gain or loss has to be recognized in profit or loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net 
amount is presented in the Consolidated Statement of Finan-
cial Position provided that an enforceable right currently exists 
to offset the amounts involved, and there is an intention either  
to carry out the offsetting on a net basis or to settle a liability 
when the related asset is sold.

Financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities primarily include trade payables, liabilities 
to banks, bonds, derivative financial liabilities and other 
 liabilities.

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost. After initial 
 recognition, financial liabilities are subsequently measured at 
amortized cost using the effective interest method.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  243

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Financial 
liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial 
liabilities held for trading. Derivatives (including embedded 
derivatives separated from the host contract) which are not 
used as hedging instruments in hedge accounting are classi-
fied as held for trading. Gains or losses on liabilities held for 
trading are recognized in profit or loss.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting 
The Group uses derivative financial instruments exclusively for 
hedging financial risks that arise from its operating or financing 
activities or liquidity management. These are mainly currency 
risks, interest rate risks and commodity price risks.

Embedded derivatives are principally separated from the host 
contract and recognized separately. However, embedded 
 derivatives are not separated from the host contract if that host 
contract is a financial asset, if Daimler chooses to measure  
a hybrid contract at fair value through profit or loss, or if the 
embedded derivative is closely related to the host contract.

Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value 
upon initial recognition and at each subsequent reporting date. 
The fair value of listed derivatives is equal to their positive  
or negative market value. If a market value is not available, fair 
value is calculated using standard financial valuation models 
such as discounted cash flow or option-pricing models. Deriva-
tives are presented as assets if their fair value is positive and 
as liabilities if the fair value is negative.

If the requirements for hedge accounting set out in IFRS 9 are 
met, Daimler designates and documents the hedge relation-
ship from the date a derivative contract is entered into as a fair 
value hedge, a cash flow hedge or a hedge of a net investment 
in a foreign business operation. In a fair value hedge, the 
changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an 
unrecognized firm commitment are hedged. In a cash flow 
hedge, the variability of cash flows to be received or paid from 
expected transactions related to a recognized asset or 
 liability or a highly probable forecast transaction is hedged. The 
documentation of the hedging relationship includes the objec-
tives and strategy of risk management, the type of hedging 
relationship, the nature of the risk being hedged, the identifica-
tion of the eligible hedging instrument and the eligible hedged 
item, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness require-
ments comprising the risk mitigating economic relationship, the 
absence of deteriorating effects from credit risk and the appro-
priate hedge ratio. Hedging transactions are regularly assessed 
to determine whether the effectiveness requirements are met 
while they are designated.

Changes in fair value of non-designated derivatives are recog-
nized in profit or loss. For fair value hedges, changes in the  
fair value of the hedged item and the derivative are recognized 
in profit or loss. For cash flow hedges, fair value changes in  
the effective portion of the hedging instrument are recognized 
after tax in other comprehensive income.

Under IFRS 9, for cash flow hedges in procurement trans-
actions expected with a high degree of probability, designation 
can be made for separable risk components of these non-
financial hedged items.

Under IFRS 9, with cash flow hedges, amounts recognized in 
other comprehensive income as effective hedging gains  
or losses from hedging instruments are removed from the 
reserves for derivative financial instruments and directly 
included in the initial cost or carrying amount of the hedged 
item at initial recognition if a hedged forecast transaction 
results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or non-
financial liability.

For other cash flow hedges, the accumulated hedging gains or 
losses from hedging instruments are reclassified from the 
reserves for derivative financial instruments to the Consolidated 
Statement of Income when the hedged item affects profit or 
loss. The ineffective portions of fair value changes are recog-
nized directly in profit or loss.

For derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship, 
certain components can be excluded from designation and the 
changes in these components’ fair value are then deferred in 
other comprehensive income under IFRS 9. This may apply for 
example to the time value of options, the forward element of  
a forward contract or cross currency basis spreads.

Hedge relationships are to be discontinued prospectively if  
a particular hedge relationship ceases to meet the qualifying 
 criteria for hedge accounting under IFRS 9. Instances that 
require discontinuation of hedge accounting are, among others, 
loss of the economic relationship between the hedged item 
and the hedging instrument, disposal or termination of the 
hedging instrument, or a revision of the documented risk man-
agement objective of a particular hedge relationship. Accu-
mulated hedging gains and losses from cash flow hedges are 
retained and are reclassified from equity as described at 
maturity if the hedged future cash flows are still expected to 
occur. Otherwise, accumulated hedging gains and losses  
are immediately reclassified to profit or loss.

244  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Provisions for other risks 
A provision is recognized when a liability to third parties  
has been incurred, an outflow of resources is probable and the 
amount of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. The 
amount recognized as a provision represents the best estimate 
of the obligation at the reporting date. Provisions with an 
 original maturity of more than one year are discounted to the 
present value of the expenditures expected to settle the 
 obligation at the end of the reporting period. If the criteria of 
the regulations on recognition and measurement of pro-
visions are not fulfilled and the possibility of a cash outflow 
upon settlement is not unlikely, the item is to be presented  
as a contingent liability, insofar as it is adequately measurable. 
The amount disclosed as a contingent liability represents  
the best estimate of the possible obligation at the reporting 
date. Provisions and contingent liabilities are regularly 
reviewed and adjusted as further information becomes avail-
able or circumstances change.

A provision for expected warranty costs is recognized when  
a product is sold or when a new warranty program is initiated. 
Estimates for accrued warranty costs are primarily based on 
historical experience.

Restructuring provisions are set up in connection with programs 
that materially change the scope of business performed by  
a segment or business unit or the manner in which business is 
conducted. In most cases, restructuring expenses include 
 termination benefits and compensation payments due to the 
termination of agreements with suppliers and dealers. 
 Restructuring provisions are recognized when the Group has a 
detailed formal plan that has either commenced implemen-
tation or been announced.

If derivative financial instruments do not or no longer qualify 
for hedge accounting because the qualifying criteria for  
hedge accounting are not or are no longer met, the derivative 
financial instruments are classified as held for trading and  
are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Pensions and similar obligations 
The measurement of defined benefit plans for pensions and 
other post-employment benefit obligations (medical care)  
in accordance with IAS 19 Employee Benefits is based on the 
projected unit credit method. Plan assets invested to cover 
defined benefit pension obligations and other post-employment 
benefit obligations (medical care) are measured at fair value 
and offset against the corresponding obligations. Differences 
between the assumptions made and actual developments as 
well as changes in actuarial assumptions for the measurement 
of defined benefit plans and similar obligations result in 
 actuarial gains and losses, which have a direct impact on the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position or on the 
 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income/Loss.

The balance of defined benefit plans for pensions and other 
post-employment benefit obligations and plan assets (net 
 pension obligation or net pension assets) accrues interest at 
the discount rate used as a basis for the measurement of  
the gross pension obligation. The resulting net interest expense 
or income is recognized in profit and loss under interest 
expense or interest income in the Consolidated Statement of 
Income. The other expenses resulting from pension obliga-
tions and other post-employment benefit obligations (medical 
care), which mainly result from entitlements acquired during  
the year under review, are taken into consideration in the func-
tional costs in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The discount factors used to calculate the present values  
of defined benefit pension obligations are to be determined – 
with maturities and currencies matching the pension pay-
ments – by reference to market yields at the end of the report-
ing period on high-quality corporate bonds in the respective 
markets. For very long maturities, there are no high-quality 
corporate bonds available as a benchmark. The respective 
 discount factors are estimated by extrapolating current market 
rates along the yield curve.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of a  
defined benefit plan are recognized in profit or loss when the 
curtailment or settlement occurs.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  245

2. Accounting estimates and management 
judgments

In the Consolidated Financial Statements, to a certain degree, 
estimates and management judgments have to be made which 
can affect the amounts and reporting of assets and liabilities, 
the reporting of contingent assets and liabilities on the balance 
sheet date, and the amounts of income and expense reported 
for the period. The major items affected by such estimates and 
management judgments are described as follows. Actual 
amounts may differ from the estimates. Changes in the estimates 
and management judgments can have a material impact on  
the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recoverable amounts of cash-generating units and 
 equity-method investments 
In the context of impairment tests for non-financial assets, 
estimates have to be made to determine the recoverable 
amounts of cash-generating units. Assumptions have to be 
made in particular with regard to future cash inflows and 
 outflows for the planning period and the following periods.  
The estimates include assumptions regarding future market 
shares and the growth of the respective markets as well  
as regarding the products’ profitability. On the basis of the 
impairment tests carried out in 2019, the recoverable  
amounts are substantially larger than the net assets of the 
Group’s cash-generating units.

When objective evidence of impairment or impairment reversal is 
present, estimates and assessments also have to be made to 
determine the recoverable amount of an equity-method invest-
ment. The determination of the recoverable amount is based 
on assumptions regarding future business developments for the 
determination of the expected future cash flows of that finan-
cial investment. See E Note 13 for the presentation of carry-
ing amounts and fair values of equity-method investments in 
listed companies.

Contract and refund liabilities
Contract liabilities. A contract liability is an entity’s obligation 
to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity 
has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the 
customer.

Contract liabilities occur at Daimler especially in the following 
circumstances:

–   deferred revenue for service and maintenance contracts  

and for extended warranties, and

–   advance payments received on contracts in the scope of 

IFRS 15.

Refund liabilities. A refund liability occurs if Daimler receives 
consideration from a customer and expects to refund some or 
all of that consideration to the customer. A refund liability  
is measured at the amount of consideration received for which 
Daimler does not expect to be entitled and is thus not included 
in the transaction price.

Refund liabilities occur at Daimler especially in the following 
circumstances:

–   obligations from sales transactions (especially performance 
bonuses, discounts and other price concessions) in the 
scope of IFRS 15, and

–   sales with the right of return and residual-value guarantees.

Share-based payment 
Share-based payment comprises cash-settled liability awards.

Liability awards are measured at fair value at each balance sheet 
date until settlement and are classified as provisions. The 
profit or loss of the period equals the addition to and/or the 
reversal of the provision during the reporting period and  
the dividend equivalent paid during the period, and is included 
in the functional costs.

Presentation in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Interest paid as well as interest and dividends received  
are classified as cash provided by/used for operating activities. 
The cash flows from short-term marketable debt securities 
with high turnover rates and significant amounts are offset and 
presented within cash provided by/used for investing activities.

246  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Recoverable amount of equipment on operating leases 
Daimler regularly reviews the factors determining the values of 
its leased vehicles. In particular, it is necessary to estimate  
the residual values of vehicles at the end of their leases, which 
constitute a substantial part of the expected future cash flows 
from leased assets. In this context, assumptions are made 
regarding major influencing factors, such as the expected num-
ber of returned vehicles, the latest remarketing results and 
future vehicle model changes. Those assumptions are deter-
mined either by qualified estimates or by publications provided 
by expert third parties; qualified estimates are based, as  
far as publicly available, on external data with consideration of 
internally available additional information such as historical 
experience of price developments and recent sale prices. The 
residual values thus determined serve as a basis for depre-
ciation; changes in residual values lead either to prospective 
adjustments of the depreciation or, in the case of a significant 
decline in expected residual values, to an impairment. If depre-
ciation is prospectively adjusted, changes in estimates of 
residual values do not have a direct effect but are equally dis-
tributed over the remaining periods of the lease contracts.

Collectability of receivables from financial services 
The Group regularly estimates the risk of default on receivables 
from financial services. Many factors are taken into consider-
ation in this context, including historical loss experience, the 
size and composition of certain portfolios, current economic 
events and conditions and the estimated fair values and ade-
quacy of collaterals. In addition to historical and current 
 information on losses, appropriate and reliable forward-looking 
information on factors is also included. This information 
includes macroeconomic factors (e.g. GDP growth, unemploy-
ment rate, cost-performance index) and forecasts of future 
economic conditions. For receivables from financial services, 
these forecasts are determined using a scenario analysis 
(baseline scenario, optimistic and pessimistic scenario). Changes 
to the estimation and assessment of these factors influence 
the allowance for credit losses with a resulting impact on the 
Group’s net profit. See also E Notes 14 and 33 for further 
information.

Product warranties 
The recognition and measurement of provisions for product 
warranties is generally connected with estimates.

The Group provides various types of product warranties depend-
ing on the type of product and market conditions. Provisions 
for product warranties are generally recognized when vehicles 
are sold or when new warranty programs are initiated. Based 
on historical warranty claim experience, assumptions have to 
be made on the type and extent of future warranty claims and 
customer goodwill, as well as on possible recall campaigns for 
each model series. These assessments are based on experi-
ence of the frequency and extent of vehicle faults and defects 
in the past. In addition, the estimates also include assumptions 
on the amounts of potential repair costs per vehicle and the 
effects of possible time or mileage limits. The provisions are 
regularly adjusted to reflect new information. Further infor-
mation on provisions for other risks is provided in E Note 23.

Liability and litigation risks and regulatory proceedings 
Various legal proceedings, claims and governmental investiga-
tions are pending against Daimler AG and its subsidiaries on  
a wide range of topics. If the outcome of such legal proceedings 
is detrimental to Daimler, the Group may be required to pay 
substantial compensatory and punitive damages, to undertake 
service actions or recall campaigns, to pay fines or to carry  
out other costly actions. Litigation and governmental investiga-
tions often involve complex legal issues and are connected 
with a high degree of uncertainty. Accordingly, the assessment 
of whether an obligation exists on the balance sheet date as  
a result of an event in the past, and whether a future cash out-
flow is likely and the obligation can be reliably estimated, 
largely depends on estimations by the management. Daimler 
regularly evaluates the current stage of legal proceedings,  
also with the involvement of external legal counsel. It is there-
fore possible that the amounts of provisions for pending or 
potential litigation will have to be adjusted due to future devel-
opments. Changes in estimates and premises can have a 
 material effect on the Group’s future profitability. It is also pos-
sible that provisions accrued for some legal proceedings  
may turn out to be insufficient once such proceedings have 
ended. Daimler may also become liable for payments in  
legal proceedings no provisions were established for. Although 
the final resolution of any such proceedings could have a 
 material effect on Daimler’s operating results and cash flows 
for a particular reporting period, Daimler believes that it  
should not materially affect the Group’s financial position. Fur-
ther information on liability and litigation risks and regulatory 
proceedings is provided in E Note 30.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  247

Pensions and similar obligations 
The calculation of provisions for pensions and similar obliga-
tions and the related pension cost are based on various 
 actuarial valuations. The calculations are subject to various 
assumptions on matters such as current actuarially devel-
oped probabilities (e.g. discount factors and cost-of-living 
increases), future fluctuations with regard to age and period of 
service, and experience with the probability of occurrence  
of pension payments, annuities or lump sums. As a result of 
changed market or economic conditions, the probabilities  
on which the influencing factors are based, may differ from 
current developments. The financial effects of deviations  
of the main factors are calculated with the use of sensitivity 
analyses. See E Note 22 for further information.

Income taxes 
The calculation of income taxes of Daimler AG and its subsid-
iaries is based on the legislation and regulations applicable in 
the various countries. Due to their complexity, the tax items 
presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are possi-
bly subject to different interpretation by taxpayers on the one 
hand and local tax authorities on the other hand. Different 
interpretations can occur especially in connection with the rec-
ognition and measurement of balance sheet items as well as  
in connection with the tax assessment of expenses and income. 
For the calculation of deferred tax assets, assumptions have  
to be made regarding future taxable income and the time of 
realization of the deferred tax assets. In this context, Daimler 
takes into consideration, among other things, the projected 
earnings from business operations, the effects on earnings of 
the reversal of taxable temporary differences, and realizable 
tax strategies. As future business developments are uncertain 
and are sometimes beyond Daimler’s control, the assumptions 
to be made in connection with accounting for deferred tax 
assets are connected with a substantial degree of uncertainty. 
On each balance sheet date, Daimler carries out impairment 
tests on deferred tax assets on the basis of the planned taxable 
income in future financial years; if Daimler assesses that  
the probability of future tax advantages being partially or fully 
unrealized is more than 50%, the deferred tax assets are 
impaired. Further information is provided in E Note 9.

F.09
Composition of the Group

Consolidated subsidiaries

  Germany

International

Unconsolidated subsidiaries

  Germany

International

Joint operations accounted for 
using proportionate consolidation

  Germany

International

Joint operations accounted for 
using the equity method

  Germany

International

Joint ventures accounted for 
using the equity method

  Germany

International

Associated companies accounted for 
using the equity method

  Germany

International

Joint operations, 
joint ventures, 
associated companies 
and material other 
investments accounted 
for at (amortized) cost

  Germany

International

At December 31,
2018

2019

375

65

310

94

39

55

1

–

1

1

–

1

16

3

13

16

4

12

34

13

21

537

376

70

306

126

36

90

1

–

1

3

1

2

16

4

12

16

4

12

32

13

19

570

3. Consolidated Group

Composition of the Group 
Table  F.09 shows the composition of the Group.

The aggregate totals in the statement of financial position of 
the subsidiaries, associated companies, joint ventures and 
joint operations accounted for at amortized cost whose business 
is non-active or of low volume and which are not material for 
the Group and the fair presentation of its profitability, liquidity 
and capital resources, and financial position would amount  
to approximately 1% of the Group’s total assets; the aggregate 
revenues and the aggregate net profit would amount to approx-
imately 1% of the Group’s revenue and net profit.

A detailed list of the companies included in the Consolidated 
Financial Statements and of the equity investments of Daimler 
Group pursuant to Section 313 of the German Commercial 
Code (HGB) is provided in the statement of investments. Further 
information is provided in E Note 41.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
248  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

New group structure with Daimler AG as parent company 
On May 22, 2019, the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting of  
Daimler AG resolved to hive down the Mercedes-Benz Cars 
and Mercedes-Benz Vans divisions and the Daimler Trucks  
and Daimler Buses divisions into legally independent entities. 
Upon the hive-downs taking effect, the assets to be hived 
down as defined in the hive-down agreement and other assets 
and liabilities were transferred to Mercedes-Benz AG and 
Daimler Truck AG on the basis of the provisions of the hive-down 
agreement. These hive-downs did not affect the consolidated 
Group. Outside Germany, business activities were hived down 
or transferred to newly founded and in the year 2019 for  
the first time consolidated companies in the context of “Project 
Future.”

As of January 1, 2020, changes have been made in connection 
with the internal management and reporting structure and  
thus with the reportable segments. As of that date, the Group’s 
activities are divided into the segments Mercedes-Benz  
Cars, Mercedes-Benz Vans, Daimler Trucks & Buses and Daimler 
Mobility. For external reporting purposes, the Mercedes-Benz 
Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans segments are combined into 
the reportable segment Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans in accor-
dance with the nature of the products and services offered, as 
well as the brands, distribution channels and customer profiles.

Structured entities 
The structured entities of the Group are rental companies, 
asset-backed-securities (ABS) companies and special funds. 
The purpose of the rental companies primarily is the acquisi-
tion, renting and management of assets. The ABS companies 
are primarily used for the Group’s refinancing. The assets 
transferred to structured entities usually result from the Group’s 
leasing and sales financing business. Those entities refinance 
the purchase price by issuing securities. The special funds are 
set up in particular in order to diversify the capital investment 
strategy.

At the reporting date, the Group has business relationships 
with 24 (2018: 18) controlled structured entities, of which  
24 (2018: 18) are fully consolidated. In addition, the Group has 
relationships with 8 (2018: 7) non-controlled structured entities. 
The unconsolidated structured entities are not material for  
the Group’s profitability, liquidity and capital resources and 
financial position.

Equity-method investments/assets and  
liabilities held for sale
In March 2018, the Daimler Group and the BMW Group signed 
an agreement to merge their business units for mobility 
 services. At December 31, 2018, the assets and liabilities held 
for sale were presented separately in the Consolidated 
 Statement of Financial Position. The disposal group’s assets 
then amounted to €531 million and its liabilities amounted  
to €212 million.

Following approval by the antitrust authorities, the transactions 
were completed on January 31, 2019. As a result, 21 consoli-
dated and 24 unconsolidated subsidiaries left the consolidated 
group and five operating joint ventures were established. In  
the Daimler Mobility segment, those transactions had a positive 
impact on other operating income of €718 million. This 
resulted in a net cash outflow of €713 million primarily from 
capital increases in the joint ventures.

The joint ventures resulting from the transaction are aggregated 
under YOUR NOW and are accounted for using the equity 
method in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Further infor-
mation is provided in E Note 13.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  249

F.10
Revenue

In millions of euros

2019

  Europe

  NAFTA

  Asia

  Other markets

Revenue according to IFRS 15

Other revenue

Total revenue

In millions of euros

2018

  Europe

  NAFTA

  Asia

  Other markets

Revenue according to IFRS 15

Other revenue

Total revenue

Mercedes- 
Benz Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes- 
Benz Vans

Daimler 
Buses

Daimler 
Mobility

Total
segments

Recon-
ciliation

Daimler
Group

38,240

19,037

31,018

3,865

92,160

1,717

93,877

10,129

18,982

6,609

3,869

9,818

2,074

821

1,132

39,589

13,845

646

956

40,235

14,801

2,966

228

336

849

4,379

354

4,733

4,606

6,244

145

150

11,145

17,501

28,646

65,759

46,565

38,929

9,865

161,118

21,174

182,292

-4,681

-1,038

-36

-190

-5,945

-3,602

-9,547

61,078

45,527

38,893

9,675

155,173

17,572

172,745

Mercedes- 
Benz Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes- 
Benz Vans

Daimler 
Buses

Daimler 
Mobility

Total
segments

Recon-
ciliation

Daimler
Group

36,902

18,488

30,859

3,950

90,199

2,904

93,103

10,775

16,622

6,503

3,661

37,561

712

38,273

8,937

1,666

844

1,130

12,577

1,049

13,626

2,851

255

227

777

4,110

419

4,529

4,269

5,366

230

203

10,068

16,201

26,269

63,734

42,397

38,663

9,721

154,515

21,285

175,800

-3,810

-903

-19

-187

-4,919

-3,519

-8,438

59,924

41,494

38,644

9,534

149,596

17,766

167,362

4. Revenue

Revenue disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of Income 
includes revenue from contracts with customers and other 
 revenue not in the scope of IFRS 15.

Revenue from contracts with customers (revenue according to 
IFRS 15) is disaggregated by the two categories – type of 
products and services and geographical region – and  presented 
in table  F.10. The category type of products and services 
corresponds to the reportable segments.

Other revenue primarily comprises revenue from the rental  
and leasing business of €12,747 million (2018: €12,085 million), 
interest from the financial services business at Daimler Mobility  
in an amount of €5,811 million (2018: €5,188 million) and effects 
from currency hedging. The interest from financial services 
business includes finance income on the net investment in 
leases of €1,519 million (2018: €1,242 million).

Revenue according to IFRS 15 includes revenue that was included 
in contract liabilities at December 31, 2018 in an amount of 
€3,775 million (2018: €3,583 million) and revenue from per-
formance obligations fully (or partially) satisfied in previous 
periods in an amount of €309 million (2018: €434 million).

Revenue that is expected to be recognized within three years 
related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or  
partially unsatisfied) amounted to €8,701 million at December 31, 
2019 (2018: €7,642 million). This revenue is mainly derived 
from long-term service and maintenance contracts and extended 
warranties. It does not include performance obligations from 
customer contracts that have initial expected durations of one 
year or less. Long-term performance obligations of minor 
importance to the overall contract value of a bundled contract 
are not considered in assessing the initial duration of the 
 bundled contract.

Revenue by segment  F.91 and region  F.93 is presented in 
tables in E Note 34.

250  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.11
Cost of sales

In millions of euros

Expense of goods sold

Depreciation of equipment 
on operating leases

Refinancing costs at Daimler Mobility

Impairment losses on 
receivables from financial services

Other cost of sales

F.12
Average number of employees

Mercedes-Benz Cars1, 2
Daimler Trucks2
Mercedes-Benz Vans2
Daimler Buses2

Daimler Mobility
Other2

2019

2018

-123,180

-117,508

-9,047

-3,114

-495

-7,744

-8,567

-2,747

-382

-5,091

-143,580

-134,295

2019

2018

153,753

153,413

84,392

21,796

17,808

12,811

11,279

80,720

21,925

17,477

13,739

11,191

301,839

298,465

1  Proportionally including 2,126 (2018: 1,856) employees from  

a proportionately consolidated company.

2  Adjustment of the number of employees in 2018 due to the 

changed intercompany allocation of employees.

F.13
Other operating income

In millions of euros

Income from costs recharged to 
third parties

Government grants and subsidies

Gains on sales of property, 
plant and equipment

Rental income 
not relating to sales financing

Income from company transactions 
at consolidated companies

Other miscellaneous income

2019

2018

840

122

75

173

729

898

2,837

821

102

140

159

11

1,097

2,330

5. Functional costs

Cost of sales
Items included in cost of sales are shown in table  F.11.

Amortization expense of capitalized development costs in  
the amount of €1,793 million (2018: €1,538 million) is presented 
in expense of goods sold.

In 2019, a reassessment of risks relating to ongoing govern-
mental and legal proceedings and measures taken with regard 
to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various regions and 
 markets as well as expenses in connection with an updated risk 
assessment for an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata 
 airbags adversely affected cost of sales at the Mercedes-Benz 
Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans segments. Cost of sales also 
includes expenses in connection with a review and prioritization 
of the product portfolio at the Mercedes-Benz Vans segment. 
The expenses from the review and prioritization of the product 
portfolio are related to the planned discontinuation of pro-
duction of the X-Class at the end of May 2020.

Selling expenses 
In 2019, selling expenses amounted to €12,801 million (2018: 
€13,067 million). Selling expenses consist of direct selling 
costs as well as selling overhead expenses and comprise per-
sonnel expenses, material costs and other selling costs.

General administrative expenses 
General administrative expenses amounted to €4,050 million 
in 2019 (2018: €4,036 million). They consist of expenses which 
are not attributable to production, sales or research and 
 development functions, and comprise personnel expenses, 
depreciation and amortization of fixed and intangible assets, 
and other administrative costs.

Research and non-capitalized development costs 
Research and non-capitalized development costs were  
€6,586 million in 2019 (2018: €6,581 million) and primarily 
comprise personnel expenses and material costs.

Personnel expenses and average number of employees 
Personnel expenses included in the Consolidated Statement of 
Income amounted to €22,657 million in 2019 (2018: 
€22,432 million). The personnel expenses comprise wages and 
salaries in the amount of €18,336 million (2018: €18,329 million), 
social contributions in the amount of €3,536 million (2018: 
€3,332 million) and expenses from pension obligations in the 
amount of €785 million (2018: €771 million). The average 
 numbers of people employed are shown in table  F.12.

Information on the total remuneration in 2019 of the members 
of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board who 
were active in 2019 is provided in E Note 38.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  251

6. Other operating income and expense

The composition of other operating income is shown in table 
 F.13.

Income from costs recharged to third parties includes income 
from licenses and patents, shipping costs and other costs 
charged to third parties, with related expenses primarily within 
the functional costs.

Income from corporate transactions at consolidated companies 
primarily comprises income of €718 million resulting from  
the merger of the business units for mobility services of Daimler 
Group and BMW Group in the year 2019. See E Note 3 for 
further information.

Government grants and subsidies mainly comprise reimburse-
ments relating to current early retirement part-time contracts 
and subsidies for alternative drive systems. In the year 2018, 
other miscellaneous income included insurance compensation 
of €219 million.

The composition of other operating expense is shown in table 
 F.14.

Other miscellaneous expense primarily comprises changes in 
provisions for other risks. Compared with the prior year, it 
includes higher expenses in connection with ongoing govern-
mental and legal proceedings and measures taken in the 
 segments Mercedes-Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans relat-
ing to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various regions  
and markets.

7. Other financial income/expense, net

Table  F.15 shows the components of other financial income/
expense, net.

In 2019, the measurement at fair value of the minority interest 
in Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc resulted in an 
expense of €72 million (2018: income of €111 million). After the 
initial public offering, which took place at the beginning of 
October 2018, the interest was measured at the current stock-
market price of the shares. The expense/income are included  
in miscellaneous other financial income/expense, net and have 
been assigned to the segment results of Mercedes-Benz Cars.

8. Interest income and interest expense

Table  F.16 shows the components of interest income and 
interest expense.

9. Income taxes

Profit before income taxes is comprised as shown in table 
 F.17.

F.14
Other operating expense

In millions of euros

Losses on sales of property, 
plant and equipment

Other miscellaneous expense

F.15
Other financial income/expense, net

In millions of euros

Income and expense from 
compounding and effects from 
changes in discount rates of 
provisions for other risks

Miscellaneous other financial income/
expense, net

F.16
Interest income and interest expense

In millions of euros

Interest income

Net interest income on the net assets of 
defined benefit pension plans

Interest and similar income

Interest expense

Net interest expense on the net obligation 
from defined benefit pension plans

Interest and similar expense

F.17
Profit before income taxes

In millions of euros

German companies

Non-German companies

2019

2018

-180

-4,289

-4,469

-106

-1,356

-1,462

2019

2018

-238

-24

-262

-31

241

210

2019

2018

4

393

397

-197

-683

-880

3

268

271

-133

-660

-793

2019

2018

-4,113

7,943

3,830

2,932

7,663

10,595

252  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.18
Components of income taxes

In millions of euros

Current taxes

  German companies

  Non-German companies

Deferred taxes

  German companies

  Non-German companies

F.19
Components of deferred tax expense

In millions of euros

Deferred taxes

  due to temporary differences

  due to tax loss carryforwards 
  and tax credits

Profit before income taxes in Germany includes profit/loss 
on equity-method investments if the equity interests in those 
companies are held by German companies.

2019

2018

Table  F.18 shows the components of income taxes.

-51

-2,331

1,127

134

-1,121

-1,116

-1,127

125

-895

-3,013

2019

2018

The current tax expense includes tax benefits recognized for 
prior periods at German and foreign companies of €244 million 
(2018: €529 million).

The deferred tax expense/benefit is comprised of the 
 components shown in table  F.19.

For German companies, in 2019 and 2018, deferred taxes were 
calculated using a federal corporate income tax rate of 15%,  
a solidarity tax surcharge of 5.5% on each year’s federal corpo-
rate income taxes, and a trade tax rate of 14%. In total, the  
tax rate applied for the calculation of German deferred taxes in 
both years amounted to 29.825%. For non-German companies, 
the deferred taxes at period-end were calculated using the tax 
rates of the respective countries.

1,261

-56

1,317

-770

-510

-260

Table  F.20 shows a reconciliation of expected income  
tax expense to actual income tax expense determined using 
the unchanged applicable German combined statutory tax  
rate of 29.825%.

F.20
Reconciliation of expected income tax expense
to actual income tax expense

In millions of euros

2019

2018

Expected income tax expense

-1,142

-3,160

Foreign tax rate differential

Trade tax rate differential

Tax law changes

Change of valuation allowance on 
deferred tax assets

Tax-free income and 
non-deductible expenses

Other

347

41

-42

-209

21

-137

326

37

11

-101

14

-140

Actual income tax expense

-1,121

-3,013

F.21
Deferred tax assets and liabilities

In millions of euros

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets, net

At December 31,
2018

2019

5,803

-3,935

1,868

4,021

-3,762

259

The Group impaired deferred tax assets in 2019 and 2018.  
The resulting tax expenses are included in the line item change 
of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Tax-free income and non-deductible expenses include all other 
effects at foreign and German companies relating to tax-free 
income and non-deductible expenses, for instance tax-free gains 
included in net periodic pension costs at the German com-
panies and tax-free results of the equity-method investments.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if  
the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes 
levied by the same taxation authority and if there is the right to 
set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities. In the 
presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities in the Consol-
idated Statement of Financial Position, no difference is made 
between current and non-current. In the Consolidated State-
ment of Financial Position, deferred tax assets and liabilities 
are presented as shown in table  F.21.

In respect of each type of temporary difference and in  
respect of each type of unutilized tax loss carryforwards and 
unutilized tax credits, the deferred tax assets and liabilities 
before offset are summarized in table  F.22.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  253

F.22
Split of deferred tax assets and liabilities before offset

In millions of euros

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Equipment on operating leases

Inventories

Receivables from financial services

Miscellaneous assets, mainly other 
financial assets

Tax loss carryforwards and 
unused tax credits

Provisions for pensions and 
similar obligations

Other provisions

Liabilities

Deferred income

Miscellaneous liabilities

Valuation allowances

  thereof on temporary differences

  thereof on tax loss carryforwards and
  tax credits

Deferred tax assets, gross

Development costs

Other intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Equipment on operating leases

Inventories

Receivables from financial services

Miscellaneous assets

Provisions for pensions and 
similar obligations

Other provisions

Miscellaneous liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities, gross

Deferred tax assets, net

At December 31,
2018

2019

60

239

1,990

999

356

30

154

1,808

1,017

341

5,231

4,837

3,110

1,538

673

1,851

3,564

809

20

18,902

-2,075

-743

-1,332

16,827

-3,718

-129

-2,879

-5,220

-58

-939

-361

592

1,692

2,092

1,084

2

15,187

-1,299

-213

-1,086

13,888

-3,352

-115

-1,757

-5,092

-78

-793

-321

-1,044

-1,572

-222

-389

-233

-316

-14,959

-13,629

1,868

259

The development of deferred tax assets, net, is shown in table 
 F.23.

Including the items recognized in other comprehensive income/
loss (including items from equity-method investments),  
the expense for income taxes is comprised as shown in table 
 F.24.

In the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the valuation 
allowances on deferred tax assets increased by €776 million 
compared to December 31, 2018. This is partially a result of 
the additional valuation allowances of €209 million recognized 
in net profit. Furthermore, valuation allowances of €530 million 
were recognized without an impact on net profit for deferred  
tax assets recognized in other comprehensive income/loss in 
2019 and prior years. Additionally, the valuation allowance 
changed without an impact on net profit, among other things due 
to currency translation, tax rate changes in a few countries  
and adjustments of prior year tax loss carryforwards.

At December 31, 2019, the valuation allowance on deferred tax 
assets relates, among other things, to corporate income  
tax loss carryforwards (€926 million). €3 million of the deferred 
tax assets for corporate income tax loss carryforwards 
adjusted by a valuation allowance relates to tax loss carryfor-
wards which expire in 2020, €177 million relates to tax loss 
carryforwards which expire at various dates from 2021 through 
2024, €47 million relates to tax loss carryforwards which 
expire at various dates from 2025 through 2029, €8 million 
relates to tax loss carryforwards which expire later than 2035 and 
€691 million relates to tax loss carryforwards which can be 
carried forward indefinitely. Valuation allowances of €64 million 
relate to tax loss carryforwards with regard to capital losses 
which can be carried forward indefinitely. With regard to trade 
tax loss carryforwards in Germany, valuation allowances of 
€190 million relate to loss carryforwards which can be carried 
forward indefinitely. Furthermore, a large proportion of the 
 valuation allowances relates to temporary differences as well 
as loss carryforwards for state and local taxes at the US- 
companies. Daimler believes that it is more likely than not that 
it will not be able to utilize those deferred tax assets or cannot 
reliably document that sufficient future taxable income will  
be available against which the deductible temporary differences, 
tax loss carryforwards and tax credits can be offset. As the 
probability of more than 50% required by IAS 12 is therefore not 
fulfilled, valuation allowances were recognized on deferred  
tax assets also in countries with tax loss carryforwards that can 
be carried forward indefinitely.

The Group had tax losses at the German tax group in 2019 and 
at several subsidiaries in several countries in 2019 and prior 
years. After offsetting the deferred tax assets with deferred tax 
liabilities, the deferred tax assets not subject to valuation 
allowances amounted to €2,169 million for those entities. 
Daimler believes it is more likely than not that future taxable 
income will be sufficient to allow utilization of these deferred 
tax assets. Daimler’s current estimate of the amount of 
deferred tax assets that is considered realizable may change in 
the future, necessitating higher or lower valuation allowances.

254  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.23
Change of deferred tax assets, net

In millions of euros

Deferred tax assets, net 
as of January 1

Deferred tax expense/benefit in the 
Consolidated Statement of Income

Change of deferred tax 
assets/liabilities on equity instruments/
debt instruments included in other 
comprehensive income/loss

Change of deferred tax 
assets/liabilities on derivative 
financial instruments included 
in other comprehensive income/loss

Change of deferred tax 
assets/liabilities on actuarial 
gains/losses from defined benefit 
pension plans included 
in other comprehensive income/loss
Other changes1

Deferred tax assets, net 
as of December 31

2019

2018

259

1,261

497

-770

3

21

186

537

232

-73

1,868

171

-197

259

1  The other changes primarily relate to effects from currency  

translation.

As of today, the retained earnings of non-German subsidiaries 
are largely intended to be reinvested in those operations.  
The Group did not recognize deferred tax liabilities on retained 
earnings of non-German subsidiaries of €29,988 million (2018: 
€28,514 million) which are intended to be reinvested. If those 
earnings were paid out as dividends, an amount of 5% would be 
taxed under German taxation rules and, if applicable, with 
 non-German withholding tax. Additionally, income tax conse-
quences might arise if the dividends first have to be distributed 
by a non-German subsidiary to a non-German holding com-
pany. Normally, the distribution would lead to an additional 
income tax expense. It is not practicable to estimate the 
amount of taxable temporary differences for these undistrib-
uted foreign earnings.

The Group has various unresolved issues concerning open 
income tax years with the tax authorities in a number of 
 jurisdictions. Daimler believes that it has recognized adequate 
liabilities for any future income taxes that may be owed for  
all open tax years. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that tax 
payments might exceed the liabilities recognized in the finan-
cial statements.

As a result of future adjudications or changes in the opinions of 
the fiscal authorities, it cannot be ruled out that Daimler might 
receive tax refunds for previous years.

F.24
Tax expense in equity

In millions of euros

10. Intangible assets

2019

2018

Intangible assets developed as shown in table  F.25.

Income tax expense in the Consolidated 
Statement of Income

-1,121

-3,013

Income tax 
expense/benefit recorded 
in other reserves

421

-700

728

-2,285

At December 31, 2019, goodwill of €541 million (2018:  
€418 million) relates to the Daimler Trucks segment, goodwill 
of €433 million (2018: €433 million) relates to the Daimler 
Mobility segment and goodwill of €177 million (2018: €168 mil-
lion) relates to the Mercedes-Benz Cars segment.

Non-amortizable intangible assets primarily relate to goodwill 
and development costs for projects which have not yet  
been completed (carrying amount at December 31, 2019: 
€5,634 million; 2018: €4,029 million). In addition, other intan-
gible assets with a carrying amount of €273 million (2018: 
€270 million) are not amortizable. These non-amortizable intan-
gible assets are distribution rights in the vehicle segments  
with indefinite useful lives as well as trademarks in the Daimler 
Trucks segment with indefinite useful lives. The Group plans  
to continue to use these assets unchanged.

Table  F.26 shows the line items of the Consolidated 
 Statement of Income in which total amortization expense for 
intangible assets is included.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  255

F.25
Intangible assets

In millions of euros

Acquisition/manufacturing costs

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions due to business combinations

Other additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions due to business combinations

Other additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2019

Depreciation/impairment

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2019

Carrying amount at December 31, 2018

Carrying amount at December 31, 2019

Goodwill 
(acquired)

Development 
costs (internally 
generated)2

Other 
intangible 
assets 
(acquired)

1,386

–

1

–

–

-31

1,356

117

–

–

–

20

1,493

271

–

–

–

3

274

–

–

–

2

276

1,082

1,217

16,192

–

2,535

–

-282

6

18,451

–

3,083

–

-1,386

6

20,154

5,912

1,553

–

-277

6

7,194

1,809

–

-1,379

5

7,629

11,257

12,525

4,619

–

640

–

-432

57

4,884

66

560

–

-790

45

4,765

2,279

476

–

-373

40

2,422

588

–

-512

31

2,529

2,462

2,236

Total

22,197

–

3,176

–

-714

32

24,691

183

3,643

–

-2,176

71

26,412

8,462

2,029

–

-650

49

9,890

2,397

–

-1,891

38

10,434

14,801

15,978

1  Primarily changes from currency translation.
2  Including capitalized borrowing costs on development costs of €31 million (2018: €41 million). 

Amortization amounted to €16 million (2018: €15 million).

F.26
Amortization expense for intangible assets in the 
Consolidated Statement of Income

In millions of euros

Cost of sales

Selling expenses

General administrative expenses

Research and non-capitalized 
development costs

Other operating expense

2019

2018

2,258

1,820

50

56

32

1

85

57

66

1

2,397

2,029

256  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment as shown on the Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position with a carrying amount of 
€37,143 million also includes right-of-use assets from lessee 
accounting.

Property, plant and equipment, excluding right-of-use assets, 
developed as shown in table  F.27.

In 2019, government grants of €52 million (2018: €51 million) 
were deducted from property, plant and equipment.

At December 31, 2018 property, plant and equipment also 
included leased buildings, technical equipment and other 
equipment with a total carrying amount of €335 million, which 
were assigned to the Group as economic owner due to the 
design of the underlying leasing contracts (so called finance 
leases). Additions to and depreciation of the leased equipment 
in the year 2018 amounted to €17 million and €33 million 
respectively.

F.27
Property, plant and equipment 
(excluding right-of-use assets)

In millions of euros

Acquisition or manufacturing costs

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions due to business acquisitions

Other additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions due to business acquisitions

Other additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2019

Depreciation/impairment

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2019

Carrying amount at December 31, 2018

Carrying amount at December 31, 2019

1  Primarily changes from currency translation.

Land, leasehold 
improvements and 
buildings including 
buildings on land 
owned by others

Technical 
equipment and 
machinery

Other 
equipment, 
factory and 
office equipment

Advance payments 
relating to plant 
and equipment 
and construction 
in progress

16,987

25,964

27,398

–

309

612

-336

84

17,656

–

626

1,159

-124

-377

18,940

8,743

385

1

-175

-39

8,915

402

–

-69

-167

9,081

8,741

9,859

–

888

988

-634

-30

27,176

–

1,096

1,379

-1,029

61

28,683

16,630

1,633

-12

-558

-18

17,675

1,750

-3

-902

50

–

1,932

1,536

-661

172

30,377

–

1,992

1,479

-881

105

33,072

21,465

2,273

11

-540

129

23,338

2,540

3

-745

72

18,570

25,208

4,470

–

4,341

-3,136

-104

96

5,667

–

3,517

-3,999

-170

58

5,073

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9,501

10,113

7,039

7,864

5,667

5,073

Total

74,819

–

7,470

–

-1,735

322

80,876

–

7,231

18

-2,204

-153

85,768

46,838

4,291

–

-1,273

72

49,928

4,692

–

-1,716

-45

52,859

30,948

32,909

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  257

Table  F.28 shows the composition of the right-of-use assets 
which are accounted for at January 1, 2019. The right-of-use 
assets include finance leases, which were shown in property, 
plant and equipment at December 31, 2018.

The tables  F.29,  F.30and  F.31 show additional 
 disclosures related to lessee accounting.

Further information on lessee accounting is provided in 
E Notes 1, 24 and 33.

F.28
Right-of-use assets

In millions of euros

Land, leasehold improvements 
and buildings

Technical equipment and machinery

Other equipment, factory and 
office equipment

F.29
Additions and depreciations for right-of-use assets

In millions of euros

Additions to right-of-use assets

Depreciation for

  Land, leasehold improvements 
  and buildings

  Technical equipment and machinery

  Other equipment, factory and 
  office equipment

F.30
Expenses related to lessee accounting

In millions of euros

Interest expense from lease transactions

Expenses from short-term leases

Expenses from leases of low-value assets

Expenses from variable lease payments

F.31
Cash outflows related to lessee accounting

In millions of euros

Total cash outflow for lease contracts

Future cash outflows that are not reflected 
in the lease liabilities

December 31,
2019

3,956

187

91

4,234

2019

1,075

621

17

40

678

2019

98

82

16

47

2019

890

1,637

258  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12. Equipment on operating leases

The development of equipment on operating leases is shown  
in table  F.32.

At December 31, 2019, equipment on operating leases with a 
carrying amount of €10,874 million were pledged as security 
for liabilities from ABS transactions related to a securitization 
transaction of future lease payments on leased vehicles 
(December 31, 2018: €9,804 million) (see also E Note 24).

Leasing payments 
Non-cancelable future lease payments to Daimler for equip-
ment on operating leases are due as presented in table  F.33 
at December 31, 2019, under IFRS 16. Comparison amounts  
at December 31, 2018, under IAS 17 are shown in table  F.34.

F.32
Equipment on operating leases

In millions of euros

Acquisition or manufacturing costs

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions due to business acquisitions

Other additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions due to business acquisitions

Other additions

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2019

Depreciation/impairment

Balance at January 1, 2018
Additions2

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2018
Additions2

Reclassifications

Disposals
Other changes1

Balance at December 31, 2019

Carrying amount at December 31, 2018

Carrying amount at December 31, 2019

58,798

–

24,854

–

-21,101

980

63,531

–

26,759

–

-24,824

906

66,372

11,724

8,567

–

-6,431

195

14,055

9,047

–

-8,353

141

14,890

49,476

51,482

1  Primarily changes from currency translation.
2  Comprises impairments of €60 million in 2019 (2018: €133 million).

F.33
Maturity of undiscounted lease payments for equipment 
on operating leases (according to IFRS 16)

In millions of euros

Mature in year

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025 and later

At December 31,
2019

8,353

6,529

2,656

931

235

73

18,777

F.34
Maturity of minimum lease payments for 
equipment on operating leases (according to IAS 17)

In millions of euros

Maturity

within one year

between one and five years

later than five years

At December 31,
2018

8,376

9,898

62

18,336

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  259

13. Equity-method investments

Table  F.35 shows the carrying amounts and profits/losses 
from equity-method investments.

Table  F.36 presents key figures on interests in associ-
ated companies accounted for using the equity method in the 
Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table  F.37 presents key figures on interests in joint 
ventures accounted for using the equity method in the 
Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

F.35
Summarized carrying amounts and profits/losses from equity-method investments

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

  Equity investment¹

  Equity result¹

At December 31, 2018

  Equity investment¹

  Equity result¹

1  Including investor-level adjustments.

Associated 
companies

4,349

1,240

4,230

1,050

Joint ventures

Joint operations

Total

1,582

-778

604

-397

18

17

26

3

5,949

479

4,860

656

F.36
Key figures on interests in associated companies accounted for using the equity method

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

  Equity interest (in %)

  Stock market price¹

  Equity investment²

  Equity result²

  Dividend payment to Daimler⁴

At December 31, 2018

  Equity interest (in %)

  Stock market price¹

  Equity investment²

  Equity result²

  Dividend payment to Daimler⁵

BBAC

BAIC Motor3

THBV 
(HERE)

Others

Total

49.0

–

2,519

1,295

1,137

49.0

–

2,353

1,247

1,024

9.6

387

665

40

19

9.6

353

650

-107

10

29.7

–

475

-114

–

29.6

–

522

-101

–

690

19

705

11

4,349

1,240

4,230

1,050

1  Proportionate stock market prices.
2  Including investor-level adjustments.
3  The proportionate share of earnings of BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd. (BAIC Motor) is included in Daimler’s Consolidated Financial Statements 

with a three-month time lag.

4  The dividend from BBAC of €1,137 million was paid out in the year 2019. The payment was €1,131 million.
5  The dividend from BBAC of €1,024 million was partly paid out in the year 2018 with an amount of €930 million.

260  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.37
Key figures on interests in joint ventures accounted for using the equity method

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

  Equity interest (in %)

  Stock market price

  Equity investment¹

  Equity result¹

  Dividend payment to Daimler

At December 31, 2018

  Equity interest (in %)

  Stock market price

  Equity investment¹

  Equity result¹

  Dividend payment to Daimler

YOUR NOW²

Others

Total

50.0

–

866

-818

–

–

–

–

–

–

716

40

604

-397

1,582

-778

604

-397

1  Including investor-level adjustments.
2  The proportionate share of earnings of the YOUR NOW joint ventures is included in Daimler’s Consolidated Financial Statements with a one-month 

time lag. The figures relate to the period of February 1 to November 30.

BBAC 
Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd. (BBAC) produces and distrib-
utes Mercedes-Benz passenger cars and spare parts in China. 
The investment and the proportionate share in the results  
of BBAC are allocated to the Mercedes-Benz Cars segment.

In the second quarter of 2019, the shareholders of BBAC 
approved the payout of a dividend for the 2018 financial year. 
The amount of €1,137 million attributable to Daimler reduced 
the carrying amount of the investment accordingly. The  
first part of the dividend was paid in the third quarter of 2019 
and led to a cash inflow of €565 million. The remaining part  
of the dividend was paid in the fourth quarter of 2019 and led 
to a cash inflow of €566 million.

Daimler plans to contribute additional equity of in total  
€0.5 billion in accordance with its shareholding ratio in the 
years 2020 to 2022.

BAIC Motor 
BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd. (BAIC Motor) is the passenger  
car division of BAIC Group, one of the leading automotive com-
panies in China. Directly or via subsidiaries, BAIC Motor is 
engaged in the business of researching, developing, manufac-
turing, selling, marketing and servicing automotive vehicles 
and related parts and components and all related services. 
Due to Daimler’s representation on the board of directors of 
BAIC Motor and other contractual arrangements, Daimler 
 classifies this investment as an investment in an associate, to 
be accounted for using the equity method; in the segment 
reporting, the investment’s carrying amount and its proportion-
ate share of profit or loss are presented in the reconciliation  
of total segment’s assets to Group assets and total segments’ 
EBIT to Group EBIT, respectively.

As a result of the significantly reduced stock-exchange price  
of shares in BAIC Motor in 2018, Daimler assessed if there was 
any objective indication of an impairment of its investment in 
BAIC Motor. This assessment did indicate a need for an impair-
ment in the amount of €150 million in the fourth quarter  
of 2018. The loss is included in the line item profit/loss on 
equity-method investments, net.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  261

Because of the similarity of the business models, the joint ven-
ture companies were already managed in combination and 
therefore reported on jointly in the interim financial statements 
in 2019. The investment in the joint ventures merged into  
YOUR NOW is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements 
as joint ventures accounted for using the equity method with  
a one-month time lag and is allocated to the Daimler Mobility 
segment.

Table  F.39 shows summarized IFRS financial information 
after purchase price allocation for the significant joint ventures 
which were the basis for equity-method accounting in the 
Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other minor equity-method investments 
In the second quarter of 2018, the result of joint ventures 
accounted for using the equity method includes an expense of 
€418 million for Toll Collect, primarily related to the settlement 
of the arbitration proceedings. The expense is allocated to the 
Daimler Mobility segment. Further information is provided  
in E Note 30.

Table  F.40 shows summarized aggregated financial infor-
mation for the other minor equity-method investments after 
purchase price allocation and on a pro rata basis.

Further information on equity-method investments is provided 
in E Notes 3 and 37.

THBV (HERE) 
There Holding B.V. (THBV) holds an interest in HERE Interna-
tional B.V. (HERE). HERE is one of the biggest manufacturers of 
digital roadmaps for navigation systems worldwide. Future 
expected high-resolution maps will be one of the fundamentals 
for future autonomous driving. THBV is accounted for in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of Daimler AG as an associ-
ated company using the equity method, and is allocated to  
the Mercedes-Benz Cars segment.

THBV carried out a capital increase in the first quarter of 2019. 
Daimler participated in the capital increase with a total of  
€69 million, whereby the equity interest attributable to Daimler 
increased by 0.1% to 29.7%. The capital contribution increased 
the carrying amount of the investment accordingly.

Table  F.38 shows summarized IFRS financial information 
after purchase price allocation for the significant associated 
companies, which were the basis for equity-method account-
ing in the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

YOUR NOW 
In March 2018, Daimler Group and BMW Group signed an 
agreement for the merger of their business units for mobility 
services, with the goal of offering customers a comprehensive 
mobility ecosystem that is intelligent, seamlessly connected 
and available at the touch of a fingertip.

After being approved by the antitrust authorities in December 
2018, the transaction was completed on January 31, 2019.  
The existing services for on-demand mobility in the fields of 
car sharing, ride hailing, parking, charging and the multimodal 
mobility platform were combined in five joint ventures, 
(REACH NOW (platform for on-demand mobility and multimodal-
ity), CHARGE NOW (charging), FREE NOW (ride hailing),  
PARK NOW (parking) and SHARE NOW (car sharing)), which are 
equally held by Daimler Group and BMW Group and will be 
strategically expanded in the future. Further information is pro-
vided in E Note 3.

In the year 2019, an impairment loss of €261 million on joint 
ventures is included, mainly resulting from the adjustment of 
earnings forecasts for individual mobility services.

At the end of the year 2019, the joint ventures were merged by 
way of contribution to YOUR NOW Holding GmbH (YOUR NOW), 
whose shares are also equally held by Daimler Group and BMW 
Group. The contribution had no effect on earnings.

262  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.38
Summarized IFRS financial information on significant associated companies 
accounted for using the equity method

2019

BBAC¹

2018

BAIC Motor²

2019

2018

2019

In millions of euros

Information on the statement of income

  Revenue

  Profit/loss from continuing operations after taxes

  Profit/loss from discontinued operations after taxes

  Other comprehensive income/loss

  Total comprehensive income/loss

Information on the statement of financial position and 
 reconciliation to equity-method carrying amounts

  Non-current assets

  Current assets

  Non-current liabilities

  Current liabilities

  Equity (including non-controlling interests)

  Equity (excluding non-controlling interests) attributable to the Group

  Unrealized profit (-)/loss (+) on sales to/purchases from

 Other reconciling items including equity-method goodwill and  
impairments on the investment

  Carrying amount of equity-method investment

1  BBAC:  

20,177

2,702

17,433

2,570

–

-7

–

7

2,695

2,577

6,272

8,874

1,008

8,716

5,422

2,657

-137

–1

2,519

5,458

7,156

967

6,625

5,022

2,461

-107

–1

2,353

22,900

1,739

–

-134

1,605

14,008

13,733

3,194

13,859

10,688

756

-12

–79

665

THBV³
(HERE)

2018

–

-337

–

-7

-344

1,763

2

–

1

20,085

1,802

–

–

–

-383

–

1

1,802

-382

13,825

10,753

3,545

10,663

10,370

738

-8

–80

650

1,131

467

–

1

1,597

1,764

475

522

–

–

–

–

475

522

Figures for the statement of income relate to the period of January 1 to December 31. 
Figures for the statement of financial position and the reconciliation to equity-method carrying amounts relate to the balance sheet date December 31.

2  BAIC Motor:  

Daimler recognizes its proportionate share of profits or losses of BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd. (BAIC Motor) with a three-month time lag. 
Figures for the statement of income relate to the period of October 1 to September 30. 
Figures for the statement of financial position and the reconciliation to equity-method carrying amounts relate to the balance sheet date of September 
30.
3  THBV:  

Figures for the statement of income relate to the period of January 1 to December 31.

  Figures for the statement of financial position and the reconciliation to equity-method carrying amounts relate to the balance sheet date December 31.

 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  263

F.39
Summarized IFRS financial information on significant joint ventures accounted for using the equity method

In millions of euros

Information on the statement of income

  Revenue

  Depreciation and amortization

Interest income

Interest expense

Income taxes

  Profit/loss from continuing operations after taxes

  Profit/loss from discontinued operations after taxes

  Other comprehensive income/loss

  Total comprehensive income/loss

Information on the statement of financial position and reconciliation to equity-method carrying amounts

  Non-current assets

  Current assets

  thereof cash and cash equivalents

  Non-current liabilities

  thereof non-current financial liabilities

  Current liabilities

  thereof current financial liabilities

  Equity (including non-controlling interests)

  Equity (excluding non-controlling interests) attributable to the Group

  Unrealized profit (-)/loss (+) on sales to/purchases from

  Other reconciling items including equity-method goodwill and impairments on the investment

  Carrying amount of equity-method investment

YOUR NOW1

2019

459

-99

–

-9

9

-616

–

13

-603

1,066

1,185

892

400

259

475

3

1,376

680

–

186

866

1  Daimler recognizes its proportionate share of profits or losses of the YOUR NOW joint ventures with a one-month time lag. 

Figures for the statement of income relate to the period of February 1 to November 30. 
Figures for the statement of financial position and the reconciliation to equity-method carrying amounts relate to the balance sheet date of November 30.

F.40
Summarized aggregated financial information on minor equity-method investments

In millions of euros

Summarized aggregated financial information (pro rata)

  Profit/loss from continuing operations after taxes

  Profit/loss from discontinued operations after taxes

  Other comprehensive income/loss

  Total comprehensive income/loss

Associated companies

Joint ventures

2019

2018

2019

2018

-29

–

-13

-42

33

–

-6

27

-90

–

–

-90

1

–

-1

–

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
264  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. Receivables from financial services

Table  F.41 shows the components of receivables from 
 financial services.

Loss allowances 
The development of loss allowances for receivables from 
 financial services due to expected credit losses is shown in 
table  F.44.

Types of receivables 
Receivables from sales financing with customers include 
receivables from credit financing for customers who purchased 
their vehicle either from a dealer or directly from Daimler.

Receivables from sales financing with dealers represent loans 
for floor financing programs for vehicles sold by the Group’s 
automotive businesses to dealers or loans for assets purchased 
by dealers from third parties, primarily, used vehicles traded  
in by dealers’ customers or real estate such as dealers’ show-
rooms.

Receivables from finance lease contracts consist of receiv-
ables from leasing contracts for which all substantial risks and 
rewards incidental to the leasing objects are transferred to  
the lessee.

All cash flow effects attributable to receivables from financial 
services are presented within cash provided by/used for oper-
ating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Table  F.42 shows the maturities of the future contractual 
lease payments and the development of lease payments  
to the carrying amounts of receivables from finance lease con-
tracts at December 31, 2019, according to IFRS 16. Compar-
ison amounts at December 31, 2018, under IAS 17 are shown  
in table  F.43.

In 2019, Daimler recognized a gain of €478 million as the 
 difference between the additions to receivables from finance 
lease contracts and the carrying amounts of the underlying 
assets (especially in connection with the delivery of vehicles to 
consolidated companies).

The carrying amounts of receivables from financial services 
based on modified contracts that are shown in stage 2 and 3, 
amounted to €387 million at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 
2018: €184 million). In addition, carrying amounts of €314 mil-
lion (December 31, 2018: €127 million) in connection with 
 contractual modifications were reclassified from stage 2 and 3 
into stage 1.

Credit risks 
Information on credit risks included in receivables from 
 financial services is shown in table  F.45.

Longer overdue periods regularly lead to higher allowances.

At the beginning of the contracts, collaterals of usually at 
least 100% of the carrying amounts were agreed, which are 
backed by the vehicles based on the underlying contracts. 
Over the contract terms, the amounts of the collaterals are 
included in the calculation of the risk provisioning, so the 
 carrying amounts of the credit impaired contracts are primarily 
backed by the underlying vehicles.

Further information on financial risks and nature of risks is 
 provided in E Note 33.

At December 31, 2019, receivables from financial services  
with a carrying amount of €8,941 million (December 31, 2018: 
€8,106 million) were pledged as collateral for liabilities from 
ABS transactions (see also E Note 24).

F.41
Receivables from financial services

In millions of euros

  Sales financing with customers

  Sales financing with dealers

  Finance lease contracts

Gross carrying amount

Loss allowances

Net carrying amount

Current

At December 31, 2019
Total

Non-current

Current

At December 31, 2018
Total

Non-current

18,963

21,016

11,461

51,440

-659

50,781

30,627

3,573

19,329

53,529

-649

49,590

24,589

30,790

104,969

-1,308

52,880

103,661

18,452

18,549

8,976

45,977

-537

45,440

30,029

3,782

18,038

51,849

-549

51,300

48,481

22,331

27,014

97,826

-1,086

96,740

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  265

F.42
Development of the finance lease contracts 
(according to IFRS 16)

In millions of euros

Contractual future lease payments

  thereof due in the year

  2020

  2021

  2022

  2023

  2024

  2025 and later

Unguaranteed residual values

Gross investment

Unearned finance income

Gross carrying amount

Loss allowances

Net carrying amount

At December 31,
2019

30,807

12,021

8,869

4,821

3,338

1,156

602

3,049

33,856

-3,066

30,790

-456

30,334

F.43
Maturities of the finance lease contracts (according to IAS 17)

In millions of euros

Contractual future lease payments

Unguaranteed residual values

Gross investment

Unearned finance income

Gross carrying amount

Loss allowances

Net carrying amount

< 1 year

9,389

704

10,093

-1,117

8,976

-140

8,836

1 year up to 
5 years

At December 31, 2018

> 5 years

Total

16,583

2,716

19,299

-1,672

17,627

-212

17,415

437

14

451

-40

411

-2

409

26,409

3,434

29,843

-2,829

27,014

-354

26,660

266  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.44
Development of loss allowances for receivables from financial services due to expected credit losses

12-month expected credit loss

Lifetime expected credit loss

Total

In millions of euros

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions

Change in remeasurement

Utilization

Reversals

Change in models/risk parameters

Transfer to stage 1

Transfer to stage 2

Transfer to stage 3

Currency translation and other changes

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions

Change in remeasurement

Utilization

Reversals

Change in models/risk parameters

Transfer to stage 1

Transfer to stage 2

Transfer to stage 3

Currency translation and other changes

Balance at December 31, 2019

not credit
impaired 

(Stage 2)

credit
impaired 

(Stage 3)

(Stage 1)

361

197

-25

-33

-160

–

73

-28

-4

8

389

204

11

-4

-179

–

72

-28

-6

3

462

152

59

148

-17

-122

–

-47

51

-30

1

195

60

81

-19

-72

–

-51

57

-35

3

219

413

130

237

-116

-160

–

-26

-23

34

13

502

228

241

-136

-199

–

-21

-29

41

–

627

926

386

360

-166

-442

–

–

–

–

22

1,086

492

333

-159

-450

–

–

–

–

6

1,308

F.45
Credit risks included in receivables from financial services

12-month expected credit loss

Lifetime expected credit loss

Total

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

Gross carrying amount

thereof

  not past due

  past due 30 days and less

  past due 31 to 60 days

  past due 61 to 90 days

  past due 91 to 180 days

  past due more than 180 days

At December 31, 2018

Gross carrying amount

thereof

  not past due

  past due 30 days and less

  past due 31 to 60 days

  past due 61 to 90 days

  past due 91 to 180 days

  past due more than 180 days

not credit
impaired 

(Stage 2)

credit
impaired 

(Stage 3)

5,558

3,902

799

639

216

2

–

5,798

4,295

819

448

232

4

–

1,854

104,969

346

117

104

71

561

655

1,274

405

44

121

84

209

411

100,872

1,846

745

288

563

655

97,826

94,667

1,633

577

319

216

414

(Stage 1

97,557

96,624

930

2

1

–

–

90,754

89,967

770

8

3

3

3

 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  267

15. Marketable debt securities and similar 
investments

The marketable debt securities and similar investments with a 
carrying amount of €8,655 million (2018: €9,577 million) are 
part of the Group’s liquidity management and comprise financial 
instruments recognized at fair value through other compre-
hensive income, fair value through profit and loss or recognized 
at amortized cost.

When a short-term liquidity requirement is covered with 
quoted securities, those securities are presented as current 
assets.

Other financial assets recognized at fair value through profit or 
loss relate exclusively to derivative financial instruments which 
are not used in hedge accounting.

At December 31, 2019, receivables with a carrying amount of 
€464 million (2018: €511 million) were pledged as collateral for 
liabilities (see also E Note 24).

Further information on other financial assets is provided in 
E Note 32.

17. Other assets

Further information on marketable debt securities and similar 
investments is provided in E Note 32.

Non-financial other assets are comprised as shown in table 
 F.47.

16. Other financial assets

The line item other financial assets presented in the Consoli-
dated Statement of Financial Position is comprised as shown 
in table  F.46.

Other expected reimbursements predominantly relate to 
recovery claims from our suppliers in connection with issued 
product warranties.

F.46
Other financial assets

In millions of euros

Current

At December 31, 2019
Total

Non-current

Current

At December 31, 2018
Total

Non-current

Equity instruments and debt instruments

  Recognized at fair value through other 
  comprehensive income

  Recognized at fair value through profit or loss

–

–

–

860

482

378

860

482

378

Derivative financial instruments used in hedge accounting

185

1,006

1,191

–

–

–

524

91

748

364

384

509

18

748

364

384

1,033

109

3,843

5,733

7

20

27

2,544

2,736

1,461

3,347

4,005

6,083

2,355

2,970

1,488

2,763

Other financial assets recognized at fair value 
through profit or loss

Other receivables and miscellaneous other 
financial assets

F.47
Other assets

In millions of euros

Reimbursements due to income tax refunds

Reimbursements due to other tax refunds

Other expected reimbursements

Prepaid expenses

Others

Current

At December 31, 2019
Total

Non-current

Current

At December 31, 2018
Total

Non-current

618

3,097

232

682

797

380

261

225

69

351

5,426

1,286

998

3,358

457

751

1,148

6,712

981

3,152

229

712

815

254

136

281

126

318

5,889

1,115

1,235

3,288

510

838

1,133

7,004

268  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.48
Inventories

In millions of euros

Raw materials and manufacturing supplies

Work in progress

Finished goods, parts and products held 
for resale

Advance payments to suppliers

F.49
Trade receivables

In millions of euros

Gross carrying amount

Loss allowances

Net carrying amount

At December 31,
2018

2019

3,321

4,290

21,922

224

29,757

3,130

4,674

21,351

334

29,489

At December 31,
2018

2019

12,575

-243

12,332

12,826

-240

12,586

18. Inventories

Inventories are comprised as shown in table  F.48.

The amount of write-down of inventories to net realizable value 
recognized as an expense in cost of sales was €413 million in 
2019 (2018: €333 million). Inventories that are expected to be 
recovered or settled after more than twelve months amounted 
to €1,159 million at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: 
€1,047 million) and are primarily spare parts.

As collateral for certain vested employee benefits in  
Germany, the value of company cars and demonstration cars 
at Mercedes-Benz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans included  
in inventories is pledged as collateral to the Daimler Pension 
Trust e.V. in an amount of €1,083 million at December 31,  
2019 (December 31, 2018: €952 million).

In addition, inventories with a carrying amount of €302 million 
at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: €367 million) were 
pledged as collateral for liabilities from ABS transactions (see 
also E Note 24).

The carrying amount of inventories recognized during the 
period by taking possession of collateral held as security 
amounted to €48 million at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 
2018: €21 million). Those assets are utilized in the context  
of normal business operations.

19. Trade receivables

Trade receivables are comprised as shown in table  F.49.

At December 31, 2019, €47 million of the trade receivables 
mature after more than one year (December 31, 2018:  
€29 million).

Trade receivables are receivables from contracts with 
 customers in scope of IFRS 15.

Loss allowances 
The development of loss allowances due to expected credit 
losses for trade receivables is shown in table  F.50.

Credit risks 
Information on credit risks included in trade receivables is 
shown in table  F.51.

Further information on financial risk and types of risk is 
 provided in E Note 33.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  269

F.50
Development of loss allowances for trade receivables due to expected credit losses

In millions of euros

Balance at January 1, 2018

Additions

Change in remeasurement

Utilization

Reversals

Change in models/risk parameters

Transfer to stage 2

Transfer to stage 3

Currency translation and other changes

Balance at December 31, 2018

Additions

Change in remeasurement

Utilization

Reversals

Change in models/risk parameters

Transfer to stage 2

Transfer to stage 3

Currency translation and other changes

Balance at December 31, 2019

F.51
Credit risks included in trade receivables

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

Gross carrying amount

thereof

  not past due

  past due 30 days and less

  past due 31 to 60 days

  past due 61 to 90 days

  past due 91 to 180 days

  past due more than 180 days

At December 31, 2018

Gross carrying amount

thereof

  not past due

  past due 30 days and less

  past due 31 to 60 days

  past due 61 to 90 days

  past due 91 to 180 days

  past due more than 180 days

Lifetime expected credit loss

Total

not credit 
impaired 

(Stage 2)

credit 
impaired

(Stufe 3)

168

45

1

-19

-57

–

2

-1

-14

125

38

1

-12

-39

–

-13

-1

-1

98

128

60

5

-18

-36

–

-2

1

-23

115

106

6

-35

-60

–

13

1

-1

145

296

105

6

-37

-93

–

–

–

-37

240

144

7

-47

-99

–

–

–

-2

243

Lifetime expected credit loss

Total

not credit 
impaired 

(Stage 2)

credit 
impaired

(Stage 3)

12,177

10,058

1,407

207

99

168

238

12,463

10,456

1,315

190

115

142

245

398

192

13

4

2

39

148

363

112

36

3

1

73

138

12,575

10,250

1,420

211

101

207

386

12,826

10,568

1,351

193

116

215

383

 
 
270  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In order to fulfill the conditions of the above-mentioned autho-
rization, the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on April 1, 2015 
also resolved to increase the share capital conditionally by an 
amount of up to €500 million (Conditional Capital 2015).

This authorization to issue convertible and/or warrant bonds 
has not yet been exercised.

Treasury shares
By resolution of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on April 1, 
2015, the Company is authorized until March 31, 2020 to 
acquire treasury shares in a volume up to 10% of the share cap-
ital issued as of the day of the resolution to be used for all  
legal purposes. The shares can be used, amongst other things 
excluding shareholders’ subscription rights, for business 
 combinations or to acquire companies or to be sold to third 
parties for cash at a price that is not significantly lower  
than the stock-exchange price of the Company’s shares. The 
acquired shares can also be used to fulfill obligations from 
issued convertible bonds and/or bonds with warrants and to 
be issued to employees of the Company and employees  
and board members of the Company’s affiliates pursuant to 
Sections 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG). 
The treasury shares can also be canceled.

The Board of Management is further authorized, with the 
 consent of the Supervisory Board, to exclude shareholders’ 
subscription rights in other defined cases. In a volume up  
to 5% of the share capital issued as of the day of the resolution 
of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, the Company was also 
authorized to acquire treasury shares also by using derivatives 
(put options, call options, forward purchases or a combination 
of these instruments), whereby the term of a derivative must not 
exceed 18 months and must not end later than March 31, 2020.

The authorization to acquire treasury shares has not yet been 
exercised.

As was the case at December 31, 2018, no treasury shares are 
held by Daimler AG at December 31, 2019.

Employee share purchase plan 
In 2019, as in the previous year without utilizing the authori-
zation to acquire treasury shares granted by the Annual Share-
holders’ Meeting on April 1, 2015, 0.8 million Daimler shares 
representing €2.4 million or 0.08% of the share capital were 
purchased for a price of €42 million and reissued to employees 
(2018: 0.7 million Daimler shares representing €2.1 million  
or 0.07% of the share capital were purchased for a price of 
€50 million).

20. Equity

See also the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
 F.05.

Share capital
The share capital (authorized capital) is divided into no-par-value 
shares. All shares are fully paid up. Each share confers the 
right to one vote at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting of Daimler 
AG and, if applicable, with the exception of any new shares 
potentially not entitled to dividends, to an equal portion of the 
profits as defined by the dividend distribution decided upon  
at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting. Each share represents a 
proportionate amount of approximately €2.87 of the share 
capital.

Since January 1, 2018, there has been no change in the number 
of shares outstanding/issued. The number at December 31, 
2019 is 1,070 million, unchanged from December 31, 2018.

Approved capital 
The Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 5, 2018 
 authorized the Board of Management, with the consent of the 
Supervisory Board, to increase the share capital of Daimler AG 
in the period until April 4, 2023 by a total of €1.0 billion in  
one lump sum or by separate partial amounts at different times 
by issuing new, registered no-par-value shares in exchange  
for cash and/or non-cash contributions (Approved Capital 2018). 
The new shares are generally to be offered to the shareholders 
for subscription (also by way of indirect subscription pursuant 
to Section 186 Subsection 5 Sentence 1 of the German Stock 
Corporation Act (AktG). Among other things, the Board of Man-
agement was authorized with the consent of the Supervisory 
Board to exclude shareholders’ subscription rights under certain 
conditions and within defined limits.

Approved Capital 2018 has not yet been utilized.

Conditional capital 
By resolution of the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on April 1, 
2015, the Board of Management is authorized, with the 
 consent of the Supervisory Board, until March 31, 2020 to issue 
convertible and/or warrant bonds or a combination of these 
instruments (“bonds”) with a total face value of up to €10.0 bil-
lion and a maturity of no more than ten years. The Board of 
Management is allowed to grant the holders of these bonds con-
version or warrant rights for new registered no-par-value 
shares in Daimler AG with an allocable portion of the share 
capital of up to €500 million in accordance with the details 
defined in the terms and conditions of the bonds. The bonds 
can be offered in exchange for cash and/or non-cash con-
tributions, in particular for shares in other companies. The terms 
and conditions of the bonds can include warranty obligations or 
conversion obligations. The bonds can be issued once or sev-
eral times, wholly or in installments, or simultaneously in various 
tranches as well by affiliates of the Company within the mean-
ing of Sections 15 et seq. of the German Stock Corporation Act 
(AktG). Among other things, the Board of Management was 
authorized to exclude shareholders’ subscription rights for the 
bonds under certain conditions and within defined constraints 
with the consent of the Supervisory Board.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  271

Capital reserves 
Capital reserves primarily comprise premiums arising on the 
issue of shares as well as expenses relating to the exercise  
of the up to 2014 exercisable stock option plans and the issue 
of employee shares, effects from changes in ownership inter-
ests in consolidated entities and directly attributable related 
transaction costs.

Retained earnings
Retained earnings comprise the accumulated net profits and 
losses of all companies included in Daimler’s Consolidated 
Financial Statements, less any profits distributed. In addition, 
the effects of remeasuring defined benefit plans as well as  
the related deferred taxes are presented within retained earn-
ings. In addition the effects of hyperinflation in Argentina  
are included in the line item “Other” of the Consolidated State-
ment of Changes in Equity.

Dividend
Under the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the dividend 
is paid out of the distributable profit reported in the annual 
financial statements of Daimler AG (parent company only) in 
accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB). For  
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Daimler management 
will propose to the shareholders at the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting to pay out €963 million of the distributable profit of 
Daimler AG as a dividend to the shareholders, equivalent  
to €0.90 per no-par-value share entitled to a dividend (2018: 
€3,477 million and €3.25 per no-par-value share entitled  
to a dividend respectively).

Other reserves
Other reserves comprise accumulated unrealized gains/losses 
from currency translation of the financial statements of the 
consolidated foreign companies and accumulated unrealized 
gains/losses on financial assets, derivative financial instru-
ments and equity-method investments.

Table  F.02 shows the details of changes in other reserves in 
other comprehensive income/loss.

21. Share-based payment

At December 31, 2019, the Group has the 2016-2019 Perfor-
mance Phantom Share Plans (PPSP) outstanding. The PPSP are 
cash-settled share-based payment instruments and are mea-
sured at their respective fair values at the balance sheet date. 
The PPSP are paid out at the end of the stipulated holding 
period; earlier, pro-rated payoff is possible in the case of bene-
fits leaving the Group only if certain defined conditions are 
met. PPSP 2015 was paid out as planned in the first quarter of 
2019.

Moreover, 50% of the annual bonus of the members of the 
Board of Management is paid out after a waiting period of one 
year. The actual payout is determined by the development  
of Daimler shares compared to an automobile related index 
(Auto-STOXX). The fair value of this medium-term annual 
bonus, which depends on this development, is measured by 
using the intrinsic value at the reporting date.

The pre-tax effects of share-based payment arrangements for 
the executive managers of the Group and the members of  
the Board of Management of Daimler AG on the Consolidated 
Statement of Income and Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position are shown in table  F.52.

Table  F.53 shows expenses in the Consolidated Statement 
of Income resulting from the rights of current members of the 
Board of Management.

The details shown in table  F.53 do not represent any paid or 
committed remuneration, but refer to expenses calculated 
according to IFRS. Details of the remuneration of the members 
of the Board of Management in 2019 can be found in the 
Remuneration Report. E Management Report from page 108

F.52
Effects of share-based payment

2019

Expense
2018

At December 31,
2018

2019

Provision

In millions of euros

PPSP

-70

-13

124

112

Medium-term compo-
nent of annual bonus 
of the members of the 
Board of Management

-1

-71

-2

-15

3

127

10

122

272  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.53
Expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income resulting from share-based payments of current members of the Board of Management

In millions of euros

PPSP

Medium-term component of the annual bonus

In millions of euros

PPSP

Medium-term component of the annual bonus

In millions of euros

PPSP

Medium-term component of the annual bonus

In millions of euros

PPSP

Medium-term component of the annual bonus

Ola Källenius

Martin Daum

Renata Jungo Brüngger

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

-1.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.6

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-0.8

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

Wilfried Porth

Markus Schäfer1

Britta Seeger

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

-0.8

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.4

-0.1

–

–

-0.6

-0.1

-0.3

-0.2

Hubertus Troska

Harald Wilhelm2

Dr. Dieter Zetsche³

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

-0.8

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

–

–

-4.4

-0.1

-0.4

-0.5

Bodo Uebber³

2019

2018

-2.1

–

-0.2

-0.2

1  Appointed to the Board of Management as of May 22, 2019.
2  Appointed to the Board of Management as of April 1, 2019.
3  Appointment to the Board of Management ended on May 22, 2019, service contract benefits continued until the respective service contract expired 

on December 31, 2019. Expense in 2019 also includes the complete vesting of granted rights from 2017 to 2019. 

Performance Phantom Share Plans 
In 2019, the Group adopted a Performance Phantom Share 
Plan (PPSP), similar to those used in previous years, under 
which eligible employees are granted phantom shares entitling 
them to receive cash payments after four years. During  
the four-year period between the allocation of the preliminary 
phantom shares and the payout of the plan at the end of  
the term, the phantom shares earn a dividend equivalent in the 
amount of the actual dividend paid on ordinary Daimler 
shares. The amount of cash paid to eligible employees at the 
end of the holding period is based on the number of vested 
phantom shares (determined over a three-year performance 
period) multiplied by the quoted price of Daimler’s ordinary 
shares (calculated as an average price over a specified period 
at the end of the four–year plan period). The vesting period  
is therefore four years. For the existing plans, the quoted price 
of Daimler’s ordinary shares to be used for the payout is 
 limited to 2.5 times the Daimler share price at the date of grant. 
Furthermore, the payout for the members of the Board of 
 Management is also limited to 2.5 times the allotment value 
used to determine the preliminary number of phantom shares. 
The limitation of the payout for the members of the Board of 
Management also includes the dividend equivalent.

The number of phantom shares that vest of the PPSPs granted 
in 2015 to 2019 is based on the relative share performance, 
which measures the development of the price of a share price 
index based on a competitor group including Daimler, and  
the return on sales (RoS) compared with the average RoS of a 
competitor group. In addition, beginning with plan PPSP 2018, 
the average RoS of the competitor group is revenue-weighted.

Special rules apply for the members of the Board of Manage-
ment: Daimler’s RoS must be not equal to but higher than that  
of the competitors in order to achieve the same target achieve-
ment as the other plan participants. For the PPSP granted in 
2015 and until 2019, an additional limit on target achievement 
was agreed upon for the reference parameter RoS for the 
members of the Board of Management. In the case of target 
achievement between 195% and 200%, an additional com-
parison is made on the basis of the RoS achieved in absolute 
terms. If the actual RoS for the automotive business is  
below the strategic target (currently 9%) in the third year of the 
performance period, target achievement is limited to 195%.

The Group recognizes a provision for awarding the PPSP in the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Since payment 
per vested phantom share depends on the quoted price of 
Daimler’s ordinary shares, that quoted price essentially repre-
sents the fair value of each phantom share. The proportionate 
remuneration expenses from the PPSP recognized in the 
 individual years are measured based on the price of Daimler 
ordinary shares and the estimated target achievement.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  273

22. Pensions and similar obligations

Table  F.54 shows the composition of provisions for pension 
benefit plans and similar obligations.

At the Daimler Group, defined benefit pension obligations  
exist as well as, to a smaller extent, defined contribution pen-
sion obligations, specific to the various countries. In addition, 
healthcare benefit obligations are recognized outside Germany.

Defined benefit pension plans

Provisions for pension obligations are made for defined com-
mitments to active and former employees of the Daimler Group 
and their survivors. The defined benefit pension plans provided 
by Daimler generally vary according to the economic, tax  
and legal circumstances of the country concerned. Most of the 
defined benefit pension plans also provide benefits in the case 
of invalidity and death.

The Group’s main German and non-German pension plans are 
described below.

German pension plans and pension plan assets
Most employees in Germany have defined benefit pension 
plans; most of the pension plans for the active workforce are 
based on individual retirement benefit accounts, to which  
the Company makes annual contributions. The amount of the 
contributions for employees paid according to wage-tariff 
agreements depends on the tariff classification in the respec-
tive year or on their respective income, and for executives  
it depends on their respective income. For the commitments  
to retirement benefits made until 2011, the contributions 
 continue to be converted into capital components and credited 
to the individual pension account with the application of fixed 
factors related to each employee’s age. The conversion factors 
include a fixed value increase. The pension plans were newly 
structured for new entrants in 2011 to reduce the risks associ-
ated with defined benefit plans. New entrants now benefit  
from value increases of the contributions through an invest-
ment fund with a special lifecycle model. The Company 
 guarantees at a minimum the value of the contributions paid 
in. Pension payments are made either as a life annuity,  
twelve annual installments, or a single lump sum.

In addition, previously concluded defined benefit plans  
exist which primarily depend on employees’ wage-tariff classi-
fication upon transition into the benefit phase and which 
 foresee a life annuity.

As well as the employer-financed pension plans granted  
by German companies, the employees of some companies are 
also offered various earnings-conversion models.

Most of the pension obligations in Germany relating to defined 
benefit pension plans are funded by investment funds. Con-
tractual trust arrangements (CTA) exist between Daimler AG as 
well as some subsidiaries in Germany and the Daimler Pension 
Trust e.V. The Daimler Pension Trust e.V. acts as a collateral 
trust fund.

In 2018, Daimler AG transferred certain defined benefit 
 obligations and plan assets of retired employees to Daimler 
Pensionsfonds AG (pension fund). These benefits will be 
administrated by that non-insurance-like pension fund, which 
falls under the scope of the Act on the Supervision of Insur-
ance Undertakings and is therefore subject to the oversight of 
the Federal Financial Supervisory Agency (BaFin). Insofar  
as in the future, BaFin rules that a deficit has occurred in the 
pension fund, a supplementary contribution will be required 
from Daimler AG.

In Germany, there are normally no statutory or regulatory 
 minimum funding requirements.

Non-German pension plans and pension plan assets
Significant plans exist primarily in the United States and  
Japan. They comprise plans relating to final salaries as well as 
plans relating to salary-based components. Most of the 
 obligations outside Germany from defined benefit pension 
plans are funded by investment funds.

Risks from defined benefit pension plans and  
pension plan assets
The general requirements with regard to retirement benefit 
models are laid down in the Pension Plan Design Policy, which 
has Group-wide validity. Accordingly, the committed benefits 
are intended to contribute to additional financial security 
 during retirement, and in the case of death or invalidity to be 
capable of being planned and fulfilled by the respective 
 company of the Group and to have a low-risk structure. In 
addition, a committee exists that approves new pension  
plans and amendments to existing pension plans as well as 
guidelines relating to company retirement benefits.

The obligations from defined benefit pension plans and the 
pension plan assets can be subject to fluctuations over time. 
This can cause the funded status to be negatively or positively 
impacted. Fluctuations in the defined benefit pension obliga-
tions result at the Daimler Group in particular from changes in 
financial assumptions such as discount rates and increases  
in the cost of living, but also from changes in demographic 
assumptions such as adjusted life expectancies. With most of 
the German plans, expected long-term wage and salary 
increases do not have an impact on the amount of the obligation.

The fair value of plan assets is predominantly determined by 
the situation on the capital markets. Unfavorable develop-
ments, especially of equity prices and fixed-interest securities, 
could reduce that fair value. The diversification of investment 
funds, the engagement of asset managers using quantitative and 
qualitative analyses, and the continual monitoring of perfor-
mance and risk help to reduce associated investment risk. The 
Group regularly makes additional contributions to the plan 
assets in order to cover future obligations from defined benefit 
pension plans.

As a general principle, it is the Group’s objective to design  
new pension plans as defined benefit plans based on capital 
components or on annual contributions, or as defined con-
tribution plans.

274  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.54
Composition of provisions for pensions and similar obligations

At December 31,

2019

2018

In millions of euros

Provision for pension benefits

8,518

6,298

Provision for other  
post-employment benefits

1,210

9,728

1,095

7,393

Reconciliation of the net obligation from defined  
benefit pension plans 
The development of the relevant factors is shown in table 
 F.55.

Composition of plan assets 
Plan assets are used solely to perform pension benefits and  
to cover the administration costs of the plan assets. The 
 composition of the Group’s pension plan assets is shown in 
table  F.56.

Market prices are available for equities and bonds due to  
their listing in active markets. Most of the bonds have invest-
ment grade ratings. They include government bonds of very 
good creditworthiness.

The investment strategy is reviewed regularly and adjusted if 
deemed necessary. The investment strategy is determined  
by Investment Committees, which are generally composed of 
representatives of the Finance and Human Resources depart-
ments. The pension plan assets are generally oriented towards 
the structure of the pension obligations.

Pension cost
The components of pension cost included in the Consolidated 
Statement of Income are shown in table  F.57.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  275

F.55
Present value of defined benefit pension obligations and fair value of plan assets

In millions of euros

Present value of the defined benefit  
obligation at January 1

Current service cost

Interest cost

Contributions by plan participants

  Actuarial gains (-)/losses from changes  

in demographic assumptions

  Actuarial gains (-)/losses from changes  

in financial assumptions

  Actuarial gains (-)/losses from  
  experience adjustments

Actuarial gains (-)/losses

Past service cost, curtailments and settlements

Pension benefits paid

Currency exchange-rate changes and other changes

Present value of the defined benefit obligation  
at December 31

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Total

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

Total

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

31,645

27,852

3,793

31,744

27,746

3,998

714

636

52

11

4,214

-32

4,193

-118

-972

45

609

479

46

1

3,682

-52

3,631

–

-782

-65

105

157

6

10

532

20

562

-118

-190

110

700

616

60

175

-228

-32

-85

-76

600

481

55

202

75

-17

260

-71

-1,385

71

-1,211

-8

100

135

5

-27

-303

-15

-345

-5

-174

79

36,195

31,770

4,425

31,645

27,852

3,793

Fair value of plan assets at January 1

25,462

22,532

2,930

Interest income from plan assets

  Actuarial gains/ losses (-)

Actual result on plan assets

Contributions by the employer

Contributions by plan participants

Settlements

Pension benefits paid

Currency exchange-rate changes and other changes

502

1,936

2,438

663

51

-105

-911

162

387

1,584

1,971

582

46

–

-745

68

115

352

467

81

5

-105

-166

94

Fair value of plan assets at December 31

27,760

24,454

3,306

Funded status

  thereof recognized in other assets

  thereof recognized in provisions  
  for pensions and similar obligations

-8,435

83

-7,316

–

-1,119

83

-8,518

-7,316

-1,202

-6,298

-5,320

27,215

529

-1,781

-1,252

696

60

–

-1,323

66

25,462

-6,183

115

24,197

426

-1,551

-1,125

585

55

–

-1,171

-9

22,532

-5,320

–

3,018

103

-230

-127

111

5

–

-152

75

2,930

-863

115

-978

 
 
 
276  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.56
Composition of plan assets

In millions of euros

Equities¹

  Government bonds

  Corporate bonds

  Securitized bonds

Bonds

Other exchange-traded instruments

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Total

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

Total

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

7,399

5,797

11,305

59

17,161

1

6,379

4,895

10,355

43

15,293

–

1,020

902

950

16

1,868

1

2,889

170

108

56

83

417

3,306

6,766

5,176

9,746

49

14,971

19

21,756

498

486

351

2,371

3,706

25,462

5,945

4,308

8,924

29

13,261

16

19,222

340

388

260

2,322

3,310

22,532

821

868

822

20

1,710

3

2,534

158

98

91

49

396

2,930

Total exchange-traded instruments

24,561

21,672

Alternative investments²

Real estate

Other non-exchange-traded instruments

Cash and cash equivalents

Total non-exchange-traded instruments

Fair value of plan assets

424

488

566

1,721

3,199

27,760

254

380

510

1,638

2,782

24,454

1  Including the shares in Renault and Nissan in the amount of €1,188 (in 2018: €1,528) million.
2  Alternative investments mainly comprise private equity.

F.57
Pension cost

In millions of euros

Current service cost

Past service cost, curtailments and settlements

Net interest expense

Net interest income

Total

German Plans

2019

Non- 
German Plans

Total

German Plans

2018

Non- 
German Plans

-714

13

-138

4

-835

-609

–

-92

–

-701

-105

13

-46

4

-134

-700

76

-90

3

-711

-600

71

-55

–

-584

-100

5

-35

3

-127

Measurement assumptions
The measurement date for the Group’s defined benefit pension 
obligations and plan assets is generally December 31. The 
measurement date for the Group’s net periodic pension cost is 
generally January 1. The assumptions used to calculate the 
defined benefit obligations vary according to the economic con-
ditions of the countries in which the pension plans are situated.

The calculations carried out by actuaries were done in isolation 
for the evaluation parameters regarded as important. This 
means that if there is a simultaneous change in several param-
eters, the individual results cannot be summed due to correla-
tion effects. With a change in the parameters, the sensitivities 
shown cannot be used to derive a linear development of the 
defined benefit obligation.

Calculation of the defined benefit obligations uses life expec-
tancy for the German plans based on the 2018 G mortality 
tables of K. Heubeck. Comparable country-specific calculation 
methods are used for non-German plans.

For the calculation of the sensitivity of life expectancy, by 
means of fixed (non-age-dependent) factors for a reference 
person, a life expectancy one year higher or one year lower  
is arrived at.

Table  F.58 shows the significant weighted average measure-
ment factors used to calculate pension benefit obligations.

Sensitivity analysis 
An increase or decrease in the main actuarial assumptions 
would affect the present value of the defined benefit pension 
obligations as shown in table  F.59.

Effect on future cash flows 
Daimler currently plans to make contributions of €0.8 billion to 
its pension plans for the year 2020; the final amount is usually 
set in the fourth quarter of a financial year. In addition, the 
Group expects to make pension benefit payments of €1.0 billion 
in 2020.

The weighted average duration of the defined benefit 
 obligations is shown in table  F.60.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  277

Defined contribution pension plans

Other post-employment benefits

Under defined contribution pension plans, Daimler makes 
defined contributions to external insurance policies or invest-
ment funds. There are fundamentally no further contractual 
obligations or risks for Daimler in excess of the defined contri-
butions. The Group also pays contributions to governmental 
pension schemes. In 2019, the total cost from defined contri-
bution plans amounted to €1.6 billion (2018: €1.6 billion). Of 
those payments €1.5 billion (2018: €1.5 billion) were related to 
governmental pension plans.

Certain foreign subsidiaries of Daimler, mainly in the United 
States, provide their employees with post-employment health 
care benefits with defined entitlements, which have to be 
accounted for as defined benefit plans. Table  F.61 shows key 
data for other post-employment benefits.

Significant risks in connection with commitments for other 
post-employment benefits (medical care) relate to rising 
healthcare costs and lower contributions to those costs from 
the public sector. In addition, these plans are subject to  
the usual risks for defined benefit plans, in particular the risk 
of changes in discount rates.

F.58
Significant factors for the calculation of pension benefit obligations

In percent

Discount rates
Expected increase in cost of living1

At December 31,

At December 31,

2019

2018

2019

2018

German Plans

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

1.0

1.7

1.8

1.8

3.2

–

4.4

–

1  For German plans, expected increases in cost of living may affect – depending on the design of the pension plan – the obligation to the Group’s 
active employees as well as retirees and their survivors. For most non-German plans, expected increases in cost of living do not have a material 
impact on the amount of the obligation.

F.59
Sensitivity analysis for the present value of defined benefit pension obligation

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Total

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

Total

German Plans

Non- 
German Plans

Sensitivity for discount rates

Sensitivity for discount rates

Sensitivity for expected increases  
in cost of living

Sensitivity for expected increases  
in cost of living

Sensitivity for life expectancy

Sensitivity for life expectancy

+ 0.25%

- 0.25%

+ 0.10%

- 0.10%

+ 1 year

- 1 year

-1,412

1,490

113

-112

546

-505

-1,247

1,330

93

-93

463

-405

-165

160

20

-19

83

-100

-1,174

1,252

98

-95

464

-417

-1,047

1,115

83

-82

393

-345

-127

137

15

-13

71

-72

278  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.60
Weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligations

In years

German plans

Non-German plans

2019

2018

17

16

16

16

F.61
Key data for other post-employment benefits

In millions of euros

2019

2018

Present value of defined benefit obligations

Fair value of reimbursement rights

Funded status

Net periodic cost for other post-employment 
benefits

1,210

12

-1,198

1,095

27

-1,068

-11

-66

23. Provisions for other risks

Liability and litigation risks and regulatory proceedings 
Provisions for liability and litigation risks and regulatory pro-
ceedings comprise costs for various legal proceedings, claims 
and governmental investigations, which can lead in particular 
to payments of compensation, punitive damages or other costly 
actions. Additions in the financial year 2019 mainly resulted 
from risks from litigation and regulatory proceedings in relation 
to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. The cash outflows in rela-
tion to non-current provisions are primarily expected within a 
period until 2022.

Further information on liability and litigation risks and 
 regulatory proceedings is provided in E Note 30.

Other 
Provisions for other risks primarily comprise expected costs 
for other taxes, provisions for environmental protection and 
obligations from outstanding commission for example to trade 
representatives, provided that no revenue has been realized 
with the recipient of the commission under IFRS 15. They also 
include provisions for anticipated losses on contracts and 
 various other risks which cannot be allocated to any other class 
of provision. The increase in other provisions results in particu-
lar from the review and prioritization of the product portfolio at 
the Mercedes-Benz Vans segment.

The development of provisions for other risks is summarized 
in table  F.62.

24. Financing liabilities

The composition of financing liabilities is shown in table 
 F.63.

Lease liabilities include assets and liabilities which were recog-
nized until December 31, 2018 as finance leases in accordance 
with IAS 17. Future minimum lease payments under finance 
leases amounted to €477 million at December 31, 2018. The 
reconciliation of future minimum lease payments from 
finance lease arrangements to the corresponding liabilities at 
December 31, 2018 is shown in table  F.64.

At December 31, 2019, lease liabilities include effects from 
first-time adoption of IFRS 16. Information on the adjustments 
is disclosed in E Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. Information on the maturities of lease 
liabilities is provided in E Note 33.

Product warranties 
Daimler issues various types of product warranties, under which 
it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered 
and services rendered for a certain period. The provision for 
these product warranties covers expected costs for legal and 
contractual warranty claims as well as expected costs for 
goodwill concessions and recall campaigns. This also includes 
measures relating to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various 
regions as well as recalls, in particular from an updated risk 
assessment for an extended recall of Takata airbags. The utili-
zation date of product warranties depends on the incidence  
of the warranty claims and can span the entire term of the 
product warranties. The cash outflow for non-current product 
warranties are primarily expected within a period until 2022.

Personnel and social costs 
Provisions for personnel and social costs primarily comprise 
expected expenses of the Group for employee anniversary 
bonuses, profit sharing arrangements and management bonuses 
as well as early retirement and partial retirement plans. The 
additions recorded to the provisions for profit sharing and man-
agement bonuses in the reporting year usually result in cash 
outflows in the following year. The cash outflow for non-current 
provisions for personnel and social costs is primarily expected 
within a period until 2030.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  279

F.62
Provisions for other risks

In millions of euros

Balance at December 31, 2018

  thereof current

  thereof non-current

Additions

Utilizations

Reversals

Compounding and effects from changes in discount rates

Currency translation and other changes

Balance at December 31, 2019

  thereof current

  thereof non-current

F.63
Financing liabilities

In millions of euros

Notes/bonds

Commercial paper

Liabilities to financial institutions

Deposits in the direct banking business

Liabilities from ABS transactions

Lease liabilities

Loans, other financing liabilities

Product 
warranties

Personnel and 
social costs

Litigation risks 
and regulatory 
proceedings

Other

Total

7,043

3,080

3,963

5,215

-3,423

-210

45

38

8,708

3,744

4,964

4,261

1,971

2,290

1,694

-1,810

-152

155

100

4,248

1,522

2,726

2,147

1,149

998

2,876

-103

-62

17

27

4,902

2,498

2,404

2,111

1,628

483

2,233

-955

-296

21

-48

3,066

2,563

503

15,562

7,828

7,734

12,018

-6,291

-720

238

117

20,924

10,327

10,597

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Current

Non-current

Total

Current

Non-current

Total

17,806

3,278

23,043

9,713

6,911

703

1,147

67,819

–

16,768

3,406

7,021

3,537

628

85,625

3,278

39,811

13,119

13,932

4,240

1,775

15,090

2,835

21,068

9,677

6,782

27

761

61,400

–

18,332

2,097

5,670

320

843

76,490

2,835

39,400

11,774

12,452

347

1,604

62,601

99,179

161,780

56,240

88,662

144,902

F.64

Reconciliation of minimum lease payments to liabilities from finance lease arrangements

In millions of euros

Maturity

within one year

between one and five years

later than five years

Future minimum  
lease payments

Interest included in future  
minimum lease payments

Liabilities from finance  
lease arrangements

At December 31, 2018

38

162

277

477

11

56

63

130

27

106

214

347

280  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

25. Other financial liabilities

The composition of other financial liabilities is shown in  
table  F.65.

Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or  
loss relate exclusively to derivative financial instruments which 
are not used in hedge accounting.

Further information on other financial liabilities is provided in 
E Note 32.

26. Deferred income

The composition of deferred income is shown in table  F.66.

F.65
Other financial liabilities

In millions of euros

Derivative financial instruments  
used in hedge accounting

Financial liabilities recognized  
at fair value through profit or loss

  Liabilities from residual value guarantees

  Liabilities from wages and salaries

  Accrued interest expenses

  Deposits received

  Other

Miscellaneous other financial liabilities

F.66
Deferred income

In millions of euros

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Current

Non-current

Total

Current

Non-current

Total

899

45

1,138

1,165

1,065

568

2,872

6,808

7,752

287

7

921

33

–

585

279

1,818

2,112

1,186

52

2,059

1,198

1,065

1,153

3,151

8,626

9,864

633

51

1,149

1,267

1,105

504

2,948

6,973

7,657

461

5

943

25

–

542

399

1,909

2,375

1,094

56

2,092

1,292

1,105

1,046

3,347

8,882

10,032

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Current

Non-current

Total

Current

Non-current

Total

Deferral of sales revenue received from sales 
with residual-value guarantees

Deferral of advance rental payments received 
from operating lease arrangements

Other deferred income

306

1,009

309

1,624

565

927

106

1,598

871

1,936

415

3,222

391

890

299

584

929

99

1,580

1,612

975

1,819

398

3,192

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  281

27. Contract and refund liabilities

Table  F.67 shows the composition of contract and refund 
 liabilities.

F.67
Contract and refund liabilities

28. Other liabilities

Table  F.68 shows the composition of other liabilities.

In millions of euros

  Service and maintenance contracts  
  and extended warranties

  Other contract liabilities

Contract liabilities

  Obligations from sales transactions

  Other refund liabilities

Refund liabilities

Contract and refund liabilities

  thereof long-term

  thereof short-term

At December 31,

2019

2018

6,504

1,337

7,841

5,200

590

5,790

5,868

1,167

7,035

4,931

553

5,484

13,631

12,519

6,060

7,571

5,438

7,081

F.68
Other liabilities

In millions of euros

Income tax liabilities

Other tax liabilities

Miscellaneous other liabilities

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Current

Non-current

Total

Current

Non-current

Total

1,128

1,909

183

3,220

582

–

4

586

1,710

1,909

187

3,806

1,095

1,905

169

3,169

636

1

1

638

1,731

1,906

170

3,807

282  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.69
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities

In millions of euros

Provisions

Financial instruments

Miscellaneous other assets and liabilities

2019

2018

5,217

104

320

5,641

742

-36

171

877

F.70
Cash flows included in cash provided by operating activities

In millions of euros

Interest paid

Interest received

Dividends received from  
equity-method investments

Dividends received from other shareholdings

2019

2018

-725

337

1,202

94

-678

257

1,380

49

F.71
Assets and liabilities disposed

In millions of euros

Intangible assets

Equipment on operating leases

Other assets

Financial liabilities

Other liabilities

2019

219

27

297

140

79

29. Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Calculation of funds 
At December 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents included 
restricted funds of €64 million (2018: €0 million). The 
restricted funds primarily relate to subsidiaries where exchange 
controls apply so that the Group has restricted access to 
the funds.

Cash provided by operating activities 
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities are shown in 
table  F.69.

The change in provisions in comparison to the prior year pri-
marily resulted from provisions for warranties and customer 
goodwill obligations as well as provisions for litigation risks and 
regulatory proceedings. The increase relates to ongoing 
 governmental and legal proceedings and measures taken with 
regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in several regions,  
as well as an updated risk assessment for an expanded recall 
of vehicles with Takata airbags. In addition, the other provi-
sions led to an increase especially due to the review and priori-
tization of the product portfolio at the Mercedes-Benz Vans 
segment.

Table  F.70 shows cash flows included in cash provided by 
operating activities. Furthermore, the cash effect of an off- 
balance-sheet ABS transaction carried out in 2019 is shown in 
the cash flow provided by operating activities. The transaction 
resulted in a cash inflow of €0.9 billion.

The line item other non-cash expense and income within the 
reconciliation of profit before income taxes to cash provided 
by operating activities in the reporting year primarily com-
prised the Group’s share in the profit/loss of companies 
accounted for using the equity method and effects due to the 
review and prioritization of the product portfolio at the 
Mercedes-Benz Vans segment. In the prior year, the line item 
primarily comprised the Group’s share in the profit/loss of 
companies accounted for using the equity method.

F.72
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

In millions of euros

2019

2018

Cash used for investing activities
The table  F.71 shows the assets and liabilities disposed of  
in connection with the merger of the business units for mobility 
services.

Cash flows

9,404

17,456

Obtaining or losing control of subsidiaries

Changes in foreign exchange rates

Fair value changes

Other changes

–

2,130

157

5,310

–

411

-256

16

In addition to the disposal of the assets and liabilities shown in 
table  F.71 €106 million of cash and cash equivalents were 
disposed in connection with establishing the joint ventures due 
to the merger of the business units for mobility services.

Cash provided by financing activities 
Cash provided by financing activities includes cash flows from 
hedging the currency risks of financial liabilities. In 2019,  
cash provided by financing activities included payments for the 
reduction of outstanding leasing liabilities of €701 million 
(2018: €37 million).

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  283

On January 8, 2019, the Arizona State Attorney General filed a 
civil complaint in Arizona state court against Daimler AG and 
MBUSA making similar allegations that Arizona consumers had 
been deliberately deceived in connection with the advertising  
of Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. The state seeks monetary 
penalties for violation of Arizona’s consumer protection laws.

Another consumer class-action lawsuit against Daimler AG and 
other companies of the Group containing similar allegations 
was filed in Canada in April 2016. On June 29, 2017, the court 
granted a procedural motion to certify certain issues for class 
treatment, and on March 12, 2018, the court ordered the parties 
to send a notice to the class by May 18, 2018, informing class 
members that the litigation is ongoing and that they will be 
bound by the outcome. That notice was sent, and class members 
had until July 20, 2018 to opt out of the class to avoid being 
bound by subsequent rulings in the case.

On July 14, 2017, an additional class action was filed in the 
Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, against 
Daimler AG and other companies of the Group, alleging claims 
similar to the existing US class action. That action was 
removed to Federal Court and, on October 31, 2017, was trans-
ferred to the District of New Jersey. On December 21, 2017,  
the parties stipulated to dismiss, without prejudice, that lawsuit. 
It may be filed again under specific conditions.

Daimler AG and MBUSA, respectively, regard the foregoing 
lawsuits in the United States and Canada as being without 
merit and will defend against the claims.

In Germany, a multitude of lawsuits by investors alleging the 
violation of disclosure requirements is pending. Plaintiffs 
 con-tend that Daimler AG did not immediately disclose inside 
in-formation in connection with the emission behavior of its 
diesel vehicles and that it had made false and misleading pub-
lic statements. They further claim that the purchase price of 
their Daimler shares would have been lower if Daimler had cor-
rectly complied with its disclosure duties. In this context,  
both investors as well as Daimler AG have filed motions to initi-
ate a model proceeding in accordance with the Act on Model 
Proceedings in Capital Markets Disputes (KapMuG). Currently, 
no model proceeding is pending. Daimler AG also regards 
these lawsuits as being without merit and will defend against 
the claims.

Table  F.72 includes changes in liabilities arising from financ-
ing activities, divided into cash and non-cash components.  
The increase in other changes in comparison to the prior year 
primarily resulted from the application of lessee accounting 
according to IFRS 16.

30. Legal proceedings

Daimler AG and its subsidiaries are confronted with various 
legal proceedings, claims as well as governmental investigations 
and orders (legal proceedings) on a large number of topics, 
including vehicle safety, emissions, fuel economy, financial ser-
vices, dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships, 
intellectual property rights, product warranties, environmental 
matters, antitrust matters (including actions for damages) and 
shareholder matters. Legal proceedings relating to products 
deal with claims on account of alleged vehicle defects. Some  
of these claims are asserted by way of class action suits. If the 
outcome of such legal proceedings is detrimental to Daimler, 
the Group may be required to pay substantial compensatory 
and punitive damages or to undertake service actions, recall 
campaigns, monetary penalties or other costly actions. Legal 
proceedings may have an impact on the Group’s reputation.

Diesel emission behavior: class-action and other lawsuits 
in the United States, Canada and Germany
As already reported, several consumer class-action lawsuits 
were filed against Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC (MBUSA) in  Federal 
Courts in the United States in early 2016. The main allegation 
was the use of devices that impermissibly impair the effective-
ness of emission control systems in reducing nitrogen-oxide 
(NOX) emissions and which cause excessive emissions from 
vehicles with diesel engines. In addition, plaintiffs alleged that 
consumers were deliberately deceived in connection with the 
advertising of Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. Those consumer 
class actions were consolidated into one class action pending 
against both Daimler AG and MBUSA in the US District Court 
for the District of New Jersey, in which the plaintiffs asserted 
various grounds for monetary relief on behalf of a nationwide 
class of persons or entities who owned or leased certain mod-
els of Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles as of February 18, 2016. 
Daimler AG and MBUSA moved to dismiss the lawsuit in its 
entirety. By order dated December 6, 2016, the court granted 
Daimler AG’s and MBUSA’s motion to dismiss and dismissed 
the lawsuit without prejudice, based on plaintiffs’ failure to 
allege with sufficient specificity the advertising that they con-
tended had misled them. Plaintiffs subsequently filed an 
amended class action complaint in the same court making sim-
ilar allegations. The amended complaint also adds as defen-
dants Robert Bosch LLC and Robert Bosch GmbH (collectively; 
“Bosch”), and alleges that Daimler AG and MBUSA conspired 
with Bosch to deceive US regulators and consumers. On Feb-
ruary 1, 2019, the court granted in part and denied in part 
Daimler AG’s and MBUSA’s subsequent motion to dismiss. The 
case is ongoing as the court’s decision merely addressed 
 certain legal aspects of plaintiffs’ claims and did not decide 
whether the plaintiffs can ultimately prove their claims, 
whether the plaintiffs’ allegations are true, or whether their 
claims have merit.

284  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Diesel emission behavior: governmental proceedings
As reported, several federal and state authorities and other 
institutions worldwide have inquired about and/or are/have 
been conducting investigations and/or administrative proceed-
ings and/or have issued administrative orders or, in the case  
of the Stuttgart district attorney’s office, a fine notice. These 
particularly relate to test results, the emission control systems 
used in Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles and/or Daimler’s inter-
action with the relevant federal and state authorities as well as 
related legal issues and implications, including, but not limited 
to, under applicable environmental, criminal and antitrust laws. 
These authorities and institutions include, amongst others,  
the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), which in April 2016 
requested that Daimler AG review its certification and admis-
sions processes related to exhaust emissions of diesel vehicles 
in the United States by way of an internal investigation in 
 cooperation with the DOJ, the U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA), the California Air Resources Board (CARB)  
and other US state authorities, the European Commission, the 
German Federal Cartel Office (“Bundeskartellamt”), as well  
as national antitrust authorities and other authorities of various 
foreign states as well as the German Federal Ministry of Trans-
port and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) and the German Federal 
Motor Transport Authority (KBA). In the course of its formal 
investigation into possible collusion on clean emission technol-
ogy, the European Commission sent a statement of objections  
to Daimler and other automobile manufacturers in April 2019. 
In this context, Daimler filed an application for immunity from 
fines (leniency application) with the European Commission 
some time ago. The Stuttgart district attorney’s office is con-
ducting criminal investigation proceedings against Daimler 
employees concerning the suspicion of fraud and criminal 
advertising, and, in May 2017, searched the premises of Daimler 
at several locations in Germany. In February 2019, the Stutt-
gart district attorney’s office also initiated a formal investigation 
proceeding against Daimler AG with respect to an administra-
tive offense. In September 2019, the Stuttgart district attorney’s 
office issued a fine notice against Daimler based on a negli-
gent violation of supervisory duties in the amount of €870 mil-
lion which has become legally binding, thereby concluding  
the administrative offense proceedings against Daimler.

In the years 2018 and 2019, KBA issued various administrative 
orders holding that certain calibrations of specified functional-
ities in certain Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles are to be quali-
fied as impermissible defeat devices and ordered subsequent 
auxiliary provisions for the respective EC type approvals in  
this respect, including stops of the first registration and man-
datory recalls. Daimler has filed timely objections against  
such administrative orders in order to have the open legal issues 
resolved, if necessary, also by a court of law. In the course  
of its regular market supervision, KBA is routinely conducting 
further reviews of Mercedes-Benz vehicles and is asking 
 questions about technical elements of the vehicles. In light of 
the aforementioned administrative orders issued by KBA, it  
is likely that in the course of the ongoing and/or further inves-
tigations, KBA will issue additional administrative orders hold-
ing that other Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles are also equipped 
with impermissible defeat devices. Daimler has (in view of 
KBA’s interpretation of the law as a precaution) implemented a 
temporary delivery and registration stop with respect to cer-
tain models, also covering the used car, leasing and financing 
businesses, and is constantly reviewing whether it can lift  
this delivery and registration stop in whole or in part. The new 
calibrations requested by KBA are being processed, and for  
a certain proportion of the vehicles, the relevant software has 
already been approved by KBA; the related recalls have insofar 
been initiated. It cannot be ruled out that software updates 
may be reworked, further delivery and registration stops may 
be ordered or resolved by the Company as a precautionary 
measure, also with a view to the used car, leasing and financ-
ing businesses, under the relevant circumstances. Daimler  
has initiated further investigations and otherwise continues to 
fully cooperate with the authorities and institutions.

Except for the Stuttgart district attorney’s office’s administra-
tive offense proceedings, the aforementioned inquiries, 
 investigations, administrative proceedings and the replies to 
these related information requests, the objection proceed-
ings against the administrative orders as well as Daimler’s 
internal investigations are ongoing.

Accounting assessment of the legal proceedings in 
 connection with diesel emission behavior
With respect to the legal proceedings described in the two 
 preceding chapters, in accordance with IAS 37.92 no further 
information is disclosed with respect to whether, or to what 
extent, provisions have been recognized and/or contingent lia-
bilities have been disclosed, so as not to prejudice Daimler’s 
position.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  285

On June 23, 2016, the German Federal Cartel Office carried  
out dawn raids at several car manufacturers and suppliers, 
including Daimler AG, with regard to steel purchasing. Daimler 
cooperated in full with the authority. In the fourth quarter of 
2019, the proceedings were terminated by way of a settlement.

Class-action lawsuits Takata airbag inflators
As already reported, class actions in connection with Takata 
airbags are pending in Canada, the United States and Israel. 
The lawsuits are based on the allegation that, along with Takata 
entities and many other companies that sold vehicles equipped 
with Takata airbag inflators, Daimler entities were allegedly 
negligent in selling such vehicles, purportedly not recalling them 
quickly enough, and failing to provide an adequate replace-
ment airbag inflator. In detail: In August 2016, Mercedes-Benz 
Canada (MB Canada) was added as a defendant to a putative 
nationwide class action pending in Ontario Superior Court. In 
addition, Daimler AG and MBUSA were named as defendants 
along with Takata companies in June 2017, in a US nationwide 
class action, which was filed in New Jersey Federal Court.  
In the third quarter of 2017, such lawsuit was transferred to 
federal court in the Southern District of Florida for consolida-
tion with other multidistrict litigation proceedings. Further 
class action lawsuits in the USA were integrated into the multi-
ple district proceedings. In an order entered on June 21, 2019, 
the court dismissed all consumer claims against Daimler AG 
and some consumer claims against MBUSA. However, one of 
the multidistrict litigation complaints has been amended to 
assert claims by automotive recyclers who allege injury because 
they are not able to re-sell salvaged airbag inflators that are 
subject to the Takata recall. The motions to dismiss against 
that complaint are still pending. In February 2019, Daimler AG 
and its non-subsidiary Israeli distributor (Colmobil) were 
named as defendants in an Israel-wide class action alleging 
inadequacy of Takata recall efforts in Israel. The previously 
reported lawsuit filed by the State of New Mexico against MBUSA 
was dismissed without prejudice on June 22, 2017. It may, 
 however, be filed again under specific conditions. Daimler AG 
continues to regard all these lawsuits brought with regard  
to Mercedes-Benz vehicles as being without merit, and the 
Daimler Group affiliates respectively affected will further 
defend themselves against the claims. Contingent liabilities 
were disclosed to a low extent for this topic.

Antitrust law proceedings (including actions for damages)
Starting on July 25, 2017, a number of class actions have  
been filed in the United States and Canada against Daimler AG 
and other manufacturers of automobiles as well as various  
of their North American subsidiaries. Plaintiffs allege to have 
suffered damages because defendants engaged in anti-
competitive behavior relating to vehicle technology, costs, 
suppliers, markets, and other competitive attributes, including 
diesel emissions control technology, since the 1990s. On 
 October 4, 2017, all pending US class actions were centralized 
in one proceeding by the Judicial Panel on multidistrict litiga-
tion and transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Northern 
District of California. On March 15, 2018, plaintiffs in the US 
class action amended and consolidated their complaints into 
two pleadings, one on behalf of consumers and the other  
on behalf of dealers. On June 1, 2018, the court dismissed 
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc., Mercedes-Benz Vans, 
LLC, and Daimler North America Corp., pursuant to the  
parties’ stipulation. Daimler AG and Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC 
(MBUSA) remain parties in the case. On June 17, 2019, the 
court granted motions to dismiss in the consolidated US class 
action proceedings, albeit with leave to amend, and on 
August 15, 2019, the plaintiffs filed amended complaints making 
similar allegations. Daimler AG and MBUSA regard the US  
and Canadian lawsuits as being without merit, and will defend 
against the claims. This contingent liability cannot currently  
be measured.

In this context, Daimler AG may disclose that it filed a leniency 
application with the European Commission some time ago.  
In late October 2017, the European Commission conducted 
preannounced inspections with Daimler in Stuttgart (as well as 
further inspections with other manufacturers) in order to fur-
ther clarify the facts of the case. In the third quarter of 2018, the 
European Commission opened a formal investigation into 
 possible collusion on clean emission technology. In the course 
of such investigation, the European Commission, in April 2019, 
sent a statement of objections to Daimler and other auto-
mobile manufacturers to which Daimler responded in good time. 
At present, Daimler does not expect this issue to have any 
material impact on the Group’s profitability, cash flow and 
financial situation.

Following the settlement decision by the European Commission 
adopted on July 19, 2016, concluding the trucks antitrust pro-
ceedings, Daimler AG and Daimler Truck AG facing customers’ 
claims for damages to a considerable degree. Respective  
legal actions, class actions and other forms of legal redress 
have been initiated in various states in and outside of Europe 
and should further be expected. Daimler is taking appropriate 
legal remedies to defend itself. In accordance with IAS 37.92,  
no further information is disclosed with respect to whether, or 
to what extent, provisions have been recognized and/or con-
tingent liabilities have been disclosed, so as not to prejudice 
Daimler’s position.

286  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

31. Contingent liabilities and other financial 
obligations

Contingent liabilities
At December 31, 2019, the best estimate for obligations from 
contingent liabilities was €1,600 million (2018: €761 million). 
The increase in contingent liabilities results from possible obli-
gations under the Renewable Energies Act in the context of 
lease models, as well as from the legal proceedings described 
in E Note 30.

Other financial obligations
At December 31, 2018, the Group reported other financial 
 obligations from non-cancelable rental agreements and 
operating leases of €3,800 million according to IAS 17. At Janu-
ary 1, 2019, Daimler applies IFRS 16 for the first time, replacing 
IAS 17. The reconciliation to the opening balance for lease lia-
bilities as at January 1, 2019, is based on other financial 
 obligations from non-cancelable rental agreements and oper-
ating leases at December 31, 2018, as shown in table  
 F.06. Further information on financial liabilities is provided 
in E Notes 1 and 24.

At December 31, 2019, other financial obligations exist  
from the acquisition of intangible assets, property, plant 
and equipment and lease property of €4,613 million  
(2018: €5,048 million).

In addition, the Group had issued irrevocable loan commit-
ments at December 31, 2019. These loan commitments  
had not been utilized as of that date. Further information with 
respect to these commitments is provided in E Note 33.

Toll Collect
On July 4, 2018, through its subsidiary Daimler Financial Ser-
vices AG (since July 23, 2019 Daimler Mobility AG), Daimler AG 
together with Deutsche Telekom AG notarized a settlement 
agreement (hereinafter: settlement) with the Federal Republic 
of Germany which settles all arbitration proceedings in con-
nection with the involvement in the Toll Collect consortium, 
which have been ongoing since 2004 and on July 6, 2018, the 
arbitral tribunal issued an arbitration ruling on agreed terms 
 terminating the Toll Collect arbitration proceedings on the 
basis of the settlement. The final operating permit for the toll 
system was granted within the scope of the settlement.

As a result of the settlement, in the second quarter of 2018, 
the profit/loss on equity-method investments in the Daimler 
Mobility segment includes expenses of €418 million. The EBIT  
of the Daimler Mobility segment was reduced in particular due 
to the existing 50% obligation of Daimler Financial Services AG  
to pay €550 million to Toll Collect GbR, which is partially offset 
by provisions recognized in previous years. In the third quar-
ters of 2019 and 2018, Daimler Mobility AG recorded cash out-
flows of €200 million each. The last tranche of €150 million  
will be paid in the third quarter of 2020. All known and unknown 
claims from the toll agreement that arose until March 31, 2018 
are settled under the settlement provided that the related 
damage occurred before March 31, 2018.

Irrespective of the settlement, the guarantees relating to the 
operating agreement or other additional agreements remain 
unchanged. No guarantee claims have been made so far.

Accounting estimates and management judgments
The Group recognizes provisions in connection with pending  
or threatened proceedings to the extent a loss is probable and 
can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are recognized 
in the Group’s consolidated financial statements and are based 
on estimates. If quantifiable, contingent liabilities in connec-
tion with legal proceedings are disclosed in the Group’s con-
solidated financial statements. Risks resulting from legal 
 proceedings sometimes cannot be assessed reliably or only to 
a limited extent. Consequently, provisions recognized for some 
legal proceedings may turn out to be insufficient once such 
proceedings have ended. The Group may also become liable for 
payments in legal proceedings for which no provisions were 
recognized and/or contingent liabilities were disclosed. Uncer-
tainty exists with regard to the amounts or due dates of pos-
sible cash outflows. Although the final result of any such pro-
ceedings could materially affect Daimler’s operating results 
and cash flows for a particular reporting period, Daimler believes 
that it should not exert a sustained influence on the Group’s 
financial position.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  287

32. Financial instruments

Carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments 

Table  F.73 shows the carrying amounts and fair values  
of the respective classes of the Group’s financial instruments.

The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would 
be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an 

orderly transaction between market participants at the  
measurement date. Given the varying influencing factors, the 
reported fair values can only be viewed as indicators  
of the prices that may actually be achieved on the market.

The fair values of financial instruments were calculated on  
the basis of market information available on the balance sheet 
date. The following methods and premises were used:

F.73
Carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments

In millions of euros

Financial assets

Receivables from financial services

Trade receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Marketable debt securities and similar investments

  Recognized at fair value through other comprehensive income

  Recognized at fair value through profit or loss

  Measured at cost

Other financial assets

  Equity instruments and debt instruments

  Recognized at fair value through other comprehensive income

  Recognized at fair value through profit or loss

  Other financial assets recognized at fair value through profit or loss

  Derivative financial instruments used in hedge accounting

  Other receivables and miscellaneous other financial assets

Financial liabilities

Financing liabilities

Trade payables

Other financial liabilities

  Financial liabilities recognized at fair value through profit or loss

  Derivative financial instruments used in hedge accounting

  Miscellaneous other financial liabilities

Contract and refund liabilities

  Obligations from sales transactions

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Carrying 
amount

Fair value Carrying amount

Fair value

103,661

104,930

12,332

18,883

8,655

5,323

2,858

474

860

482

378

27

1,191

3,328

12,332

18,883

8,655

5,323

2,858

474

860

482

378

27

1,191

3,328

96,740

12,586

15,853

9,577

5,855

3,059

663

748

364

384

109

1,033

3,177

97,144

12,586

15,853

9,577

5,855

3,059

663

748

364

384

109

1,033

3,177

148,937

150,206

139,823

140,227

157,540

12,707

159,288

12,707

144,902

14,185

144,933

14,185

52

1,186

8,491

52

1,186

8,491

56

1,094

8,844

56

1,094

8,844

5,200

185,176

5,200

186,924

4,931

174,012

4,931

174,043

 
 
288  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Receivables from financial services
The fair values of receivables from financial services with 
 variable interest rates are estimated to be equal to the respec-
tive carrying amounts, because the agreed upon interest  
rates and those available in the market do not significantly differ. 
The fair values of receivables from financial services with  
fixed interest rates are determined on the basis of discounted 
expected future cash flows.

The discounting is based on the current interest rates at which 
similar loans with identical terms could have been obtained at 
December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Trade receivables and cash and cash equivalents 
Due to the short terms of these financial instruments and  
the fundamentally lower credit risk, it is assumed that their fair 
values are equal to the carrying amounts.

Marketable debt securities and similar investments,  
other financial assets
Marketable debt securities are recognized at fair value through 
other comprehensive income or at fair value through profit  
or loss. Similar investments are measured at amortized cost and 
are not included in the measurement hierarchy, as their 
 carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value 
due to the short terms of these financial instruments and  
the fundamentally lower credit risk.

Equity Instruments are recognized at fair value through other 
comprehensive income or at fair value through profit or loss. 
The fair values of the equity instruments recognized through 
other comprehensive income are included in table  F.73 and 
comprise Sila Nanotechnologies Inc., BAIC BluePark New 
Energy Technology Co., Ltd as well as further investments not 
material on an individual basis. Daimler does not generally 
intend to sell its equity instruments which are presented at 
December 31, 2019.

Marketable debt securities and equity instruments recognized 
at fair value were measured using quoted market prices at  
the end of the reporting period. If quoted market prices were 
not available for these debt and equity instruments, fair  
value measurement is based on inputs that are either directly 
or indirectly observable in active markets. Fair values are 
 calculated using recognized financial valuation models such as 
discounted cash-flow models or multiples.

Other financial assets recognized at fair value through profit or 
loss include derivative financial instruments not used in hedge 
accounting. These financial instruments as well as derivative 
financial instruments used in hedge accounting comprise:

–   derivative currency hedging contracts; the fair values of cross 
currency interest rate swaps are determined on the basis  
of the discounted estimated future cash flows (taking account 
of credit premiums and default risks) using market interest 
rates appropriate to the remaining terms of the financial 
instruments. The valuation of currency forwards is based on 
market quotes of forward curves; currency options are 
 measured with option-pricing models using market data.

–   derivative interest rate hedging contracts; the fair values  

of interest rate hedging instruments (e.g. interest rate swaps) 
are calculated on the basis of the discounted estimated 
future cash flows (taking account of credit premiums and 
default risks) using the market interest rates appropriate  
to the remaining terms of the financial instruments.

–   derivative commodity hedging contracts; the fair values  

of commodity hedging contracts (e.g. commodity forwards)  
are determined on the basis of current reference prices  
with consideration of forward premiums and discounts and 
default risks.

Other financial receivables and other financial assets are 
 carried at amortized cost. Because of the predominantly short 
maturities of these financial instruments, it is assumed that 
the fair values approximate the carrying amounts.

Financing liabilities 
The fair values of bonds, loans, commercial paper, deposits in 
the direct banking business and liabilities from ABS transac-
tions are calculated as present values of the estimated future 
cash flows (taking account of credit premiums and credit 
risks). Market interest rates for the appropriate terms are used 
for discounting.

Trade payables 
Due to the short maturities of these financial instruments,  
it is assumed that their fair values are equal to the carrying 
amounts.

Contract and refund liabilities
Contract and refund liabilities include obligations from sales 
transactions that qualify as financial instruments. Obligations 
from sales transactions should generally be regarded as short 
term. Due to the short maturities of these financial instru-
ments, it is assumed that their fair values are equal to their 
carrying amounts.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  289

Other financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities recognized at fair value through profit or loss 
comprise derivative financial instruments not used in hedge 
accounting. For information regarding these financial instruments 
as well as derivative financial instruments used in hedge 
accounting, see the notes above under marketable debt securi-
ties and similar investments, other financial assets.

Miscellaneous other financial liabilities are carried at amortized 
cost. Because of the predominantly short maturities of these 
financial instruments, it is assumed that the fair values approx-
imate the carrying amounts.

Offsetting of financial instruments

The Group concludes derivative transactions in accordance 
with the master netting arrangements (framework agreement) 
of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) 
and comparable national framework agreements. However, 
these arrangements do not meet the criteria for netting in the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, as they allow 
netting only in the case of future events such as default or 
insolvency on the part of the Group or the counterparty.

Table  F.74 shows the carrying amounts of the derivative 
financial instruments subject to the described arrangements 
as well as the possible financial effects of netting in accor-
dance with the master netting arrangements.

Measurement hierarchy

Table  F.75 provides an overview of the classification into 
measurement hierarchies of financial assets and liabilities rec-
ognized at fair value (according to IFRS 13).

At the end of each reporting period, Daimler reviews the 
necessity of reclassification between the measurement hierar-
chies.

For the determination of the credit risk from derivative finan-
cial instruments which are allocated to Level 2 measurement 
hierarchy, portfolios managed on basis of net exposure are 
applied.

Table  F.76 shows into which measurement hierarchies 
(according to IFRS 13) the fair values of the financial assets 
and liabilities are classified which are not recognized at  
fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

F.74
Disclosure for recognized financial instruments that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement

At December 31, 2019

At December 31, 2018

Gross and net 
amounts of finan-
cial instruments in 
the Consolidated 
Statement of 
Financial Position

Amounts  
subject to a  
master netting 
arrangement

Gross and net 
amounts of finan-
cial instruments in 
the Consolidated 
Statement of 
Financial Position

Amounts  
subject to a  
master netting 
arrangement

Net amounts

Net amounts

1,218

1,238

-542

-542

676

696

1,142

1,150

-574

-574

568

576

In millions of euros

Other financial assets1
Other financial liabilities2

1  The other financial assets which are subject to a master netting arrangement comprise derivative financial instruments that are included in hedge 

accounting and financial assets recognized at fair value through profit or loss (see Note 16).

2  The other financial liabilities which are subject to a master netting arrangement comprise derivative financial instruments that are included in hedge 

accounting and financial liabilities recognized at fair value through profit or loss (see Note 25).

290  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.75
Measurement hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities recognized at fair value

Total

Level 11

At December 31, 2019
Level 33

Level 22

Total

Level 11

At December 31, 2018
Level 33

Level 22

In millions of euros

Financial assets recognized at fair value

  Marketable debt securities

8,181

5,254

2,927

  Recognized at fair value through  
  other comprehensive income

  Recognized at fair value through  
  profit or loss

  Equity instruments and debt instruments

  Recognized at fair value through  
  other comprehensive income

  Recognized at fair value through  
  profit or loss

  Other financial assets recognized  
  at fair value through profit or loss

  Derivative financial instruments  
  used in hedge accounting

Financial liabilities recognized at fair value

  Financial liabilities recognized at fair value  
  through profit or loss

  Derivative financial instruments  
  used in hedge accounting

5,323

2,396

2,927

2,858

860

482

378

27

1,191

10,259

52

1,186

1,238

2,858

275

205

70

–

–

5,529

–

–

–

–

270

158

112

27

1,191

4,415

52

1,186

1,238

–

–

–

315

119

196

–

–

315

–

–

–

8,914

5,812

3,102

5,855

2,753

3,102

3,059

748

3,059

338

364

384

109

1,033

10,804

56

1,094

1,150

208

130

–

–

6,150

–

–

–

–

304

128

176

109

1,033

4,548

56

1,094

1,150

–

–

–

106

28

78

–

–

106

–

–

–

1  Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for these or identical assets or liabilities.
2  Fair value measurement is based on inputs that are observable on active markets either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
3  Fair value measurement is based on inputs for which no observable market data is available.

F.76
Measurement hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities not recognized at fair value

Total

Level 11

At December 31, 2019
Level 33

Level 22

Total

Level 11

At December 31, 2018
Level 33

Level 22

In millions of euros

Fair values of financial assets  
measured at cost

Receivables from financial services

104,930

–

104,930

Fair values of financial liabilities  
measured at cost

Financing liabilities

  thereof bonds

  thereof liabilities from ABS transactions

  thereof other financing liabilities

159,288

87,139

14,024

58,125

66,203

65,187

1,016

–

93,085

21,952

13,008

58,125

–

–

–

–

–

97,144

–

97,144

144,933

76,468

12,474

55,991

62,961

62,862

99

–

81,972

13,606

12,375

55,991

–

–

–

–

–

1  Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for these or identical assets or liabilities.
2  Fair value measurement is based on inputs that are observable on active markets either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
3  Fair value measurement is based on inputs for which no observable market data is available.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  291

Measurement categories 

The carrying amounts of financial instruments according to 
measurement categories are shown in table  F.77.

F.77
Carrying amounts of financial instruments according to mea-
surement categories

The table  F.77 does not include the carrying amounts  
of derivative financial instruments used in hedge accounting as 
these financial instruments are not assigned to a measure-
ment category.

In millions of euros

Assets

Net gains or losses

Table  F.78 shows the net gains/losses on financial 
 instruments included in the Consolidated Statement of Income 
(excluding derivative financial instruments used in hedge 
accounting).

Net gains/losses on equity and debt instruments recognized at 
fair value through profit or loss primarily comprise gains  
and losses attributable to changes in the fair values of these 
instruments, among others the fair value change of our  
equity interest in Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings plc.

Net gains/losses on other financial assets and liabilities  
recognized at fair value through profit or loss comprise gains 
and losses attributable to changes in their fair values.

Net gains/losses on equity instruments recognized at fair 
value through other comprehensive income primarily comprise 
dividend payments.

Net gains/losses on other financial assets recognized at  
fair value through other comprehensive income are primarily 
attributable to the effects of currency translation.

Net gains/losses on financial assets measured at (amortized) 
cost (without the interest income/expense shown below)  
primarily comprise impairment losses (including reversals of 
impairment losses) of €551 million (2018: €407 million)  
that are charged to cost of sales, selling expenses and other 
financial income/expense, net. Foreign currency gains  
and losses are also included.

Net gains/losses on financial liabilities measured at (amor-
tized) cost (without the interest income/expense shown below) 
primarily comprise the effects of currency translation.

At December 31,

2019

2018

108,344

102,359

73,327

12,332

18,883

70,080

12,586

15,853

474

663

3,328

3,177

5,805

6,219

5,323

482

5,855

364

3,263

3,552

2,858

378

3,059

384

27

109

183,831

172,391

12,707

14,185

157,540

144,555

8,384

5,200

8,720

4,931

52

56

Financial assets measured at (amortized) cost
  Receivables from financial services1

  Trade receivables

  Cash and cash equivalents

  Marketable debt securities and  
  similar investments

  Other receivables and miscellaneous  
  other financial assets

Financial assets recognized at fair value 
through other comprehensive income

  Marketable debt securities and  
  similar investments

  Equity and debt instruments

Financial assets recognized at fair value 
through profit or loss

  Marketable debt securities and  
  similar investments

  Equity and debt instruments

  Other financial assets recognized  
  at fair value through profit or loss2

Liabilities

Financial liabilities measured  
at (amortized) cost

  Trade payables
  Financing liabilities3
  Miscellaneous other financial liabilities4

  Obligations from sales transactions

Financial liabilities recognized at fair value 
through profit or loss2

1  This does not include lease receivables of €30,334 million  

(2018: €26,660 million) as these are not assigned to a measure-
ment  category.

2  Financial instruments classified as held for trading purposes. 

These figures comprise financial instruments that are not used in 
hedge  accounting.

3  This does not include liabilities from lease transactions of  

€4,240 million (2018: liabilities from finance leases of €347 million) 
as these are not assigned to a measurement category.

4  This does not include liabilities from financial guarantees of  

€107 million (2018: €124 million) as these are not assigned to a 
measurement  category.

292  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Total interest income and total interest expense

Total interest income and total interest expense for financial 
assets or financial liabilities that are not recognized at  
fair value through profit or loss are shown in table  F.79.

See E Note 1 for qualitative descriptions of accounting for 
and presentation of financial instruments (including derivative 
financial instruments).

Information on derivative financial instruments

Use of derivatives
The Group uses derivative financial instruments exclusively for 
hedging financial risks that arise from its operating or financing 
activities or from its liquidity management. These are mainly 
interest rate risks, currency risks and commodity price risks, 
which were defined as risk categories. For these hedging 
 purposes, the Group mainly uses currency forward transactions, 
cross currency interest rate swaps, interest rate swaps, 
options and commodity forwards.

Table  F.80 shows the amounts for the transactions 
 designated as hedging instruments.

F.78
Net gains/losses

In millions of euros

Equity and debt instruments recognized  
at fair value through profit or loss

Other financial assets and financial  
liabilities recognized at fair value through 
profit or loss1

Equity instruments recognized at fair value 
through other comprehensive income

Other financial assets recognized at fair 
value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets measured  
at (amortized) cost

Financial liabilities measured  
at (amortized) cost

2019

2018

-79

136

-150

3

3

-493

204

240

2

-17

-469

105

1  Financial instruments classified as held for trading; these  

amounts relate to financial instruments that are not used in  
hedge accounting.

F.79
Total interest income and total interest expense

In millions of euros

Total interest income

  thereof from financial assets and liabilities  
  measured at (amortized) costs

  thereof from financial assets recognized  
  at fair value through other comprehensive  

income

Total interest expense

  thereof from financial assets and liabilities  
  measured at (amortized) costs

  thereof from financial assets recognized  
  at fair value through other comprehensive  

income

2019

2018

5,876

5,189

5,719

5,100

157

-3,550

89

-3,171

-3,550

-3,171

–

–

 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  293

F.80
Amounts for the transactions designated as hedging instruments

In millions of euros

December 31, 2019

Carrying amount of the hedging instruments

Other financial assets current

Other financial assets non-current

Other financial liabilities current

Other financial liabilities non-current

Financial liabilities current

Fair value changes3

December 31, 2018

Carrying amount of the hedging instruments

Other financial assets current

Other financial assets non-current

Other financial liabilities current

Other financial liabilities non-current

Financial liabilities current

Fair value changes3

Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

Commodity risk

Hedges of  
net investments  
in foreign  
operations

Cash flow
hedges1

Cash flow
hedges1

Fair value
hedges2

Cash flow
hedges1

76

64

817

147

–

-1,558

366

86

425

161

–

-1,021

–

–

–

–

–

-1

–

–

–

–

25

1

10

20

72

94

–

-204

58

59

15

41

–

-18

62

907

8

46

–

848

57

364

163

237

–

122

37

15

2

–

–

113

43

–

30

22

–

-41

1  Includes the following instrument types: currency forwards, currency options, currency swaps, commodity forwards.
2  Includes the following instrument types: interest rate swaps, cross currency interest rate swaps.
3  Gains and losses from hedging instruments used for recognizing hedge ineffectiveness.

294  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.81
Fair Value Hedges

In millions of euros

Fair value hedges 
The Group uses fair value hedges primarily for hedging interest 
rate risks.

Interest rate risk

2019

2018

The amounts of the items hedged with fair value hedges are 
included in table  F.81.

Carrying amounts of the hedged items

  Financing liabilities current

  Financing liabilities non-current

  thereof hedge adjustments

  Financing liabilities current

  Financing liabilities non-current
Fair value changes of the hedged items1

Accumulated amount of hedge adjustments 
from inactive hedges remaining in the  
statement of financial position

13,831

28,407

14,217

29,086

461

478

-846

-72

100

-121

-40

23

1  Fair value changes of the hedged items used for recognizing hedge 

ineffectiveness.

The amounts relating to hedge ineffectiveness for items 
 designated as fair value hedges are shown in table  F.82.

Cash flow hedges and hedges of net investments in 
 foreign operations
The Group uses cash flow hedges for hedging currency risks, 
interest rate risks and commodity price risks.

Daimler also partially hedges the foreign currency risk of 
selected investments with the application of derivative or non-
derivative financial instruments.

The amounts related to items designated as cash flow hedges 
and as hedges of net investments in foreign operations are 
shown in table  F.83.

F.82
Ineffectiveness of fair value hedges

Interest rate risk

2019

2018

The gains and losses on items designated as cash flow 
hedges as well as the amounts relating to hedge ineffective-
ness are included in table  F.84.

In millions of euros

Cost of sales

Interest expense

–

2

–

2

F.83
Cash flow hedges and hedges of net investments in foreign operations

In millions of euros

Fair value changes of the hedged items1

  Thereof hedges of net investments in foreign operations

Balance of the reserves for derivative financial instruments  
(before taxes)

  Continuing hedges

  Thereof hedges of currency risks in the automotive business2

  Thereof hedges of net investments in foreign operations

  Discontinued/terminated hedges

  Thereof hedges of net investments in foreign operations

Foreign  
currency risk

Interest  
rate risk

Commodity 
risk

Foreign  
currency risk

Interest  
rate risk

Commodity 
risk

2019

2018

1,533

1

-745

-401

–

-271

-270

204

-115

-78

–

-3

53

-17

–

1,024

-1

-91

–

4

-311

-270

83

39

-4

–

-4

9

–

–

1  Fair value changes of the hedged items used for recognizing hedge ineffectiveness.
2  De-designation and re-designation of hedging instruments at January 1, 2019, differentiated for Mercedes-Benz Cars/Mercedes-Benz Vans and 

Daimler Trucks/Daimler Buses. Further information is provided in the section related to exchange rate risk in Note 33.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  295

F.84
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges and hedges of net investments in foreign operations

In millions of euros

Line item in the Statement of Income  
in which the ineffectiveness  
and the reclassifications are included

2019
Gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income1

Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in the Statement of Income

Reclassification of hedge effectiveness from other comprehensive 
income to the Statement of Income

  For hedges for which the hedged future cash flows  
  are no longer expected to occur

  For hedges that have been transferred because  
  the hedged item has affected profit or loss2

2018
Gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income1

Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in the Statement of Income

Reclassification of hedge effectiveness from other comprehensive 
income to the Statement of Income

  For hedges for which the hedged future cash flows  
  are no longer expected to occur

  For hedges that have been transferred because  
  the hedged item has affected profit or loss2

Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

Commodity 
risk

Revenues

Cost  
of sales

Other 
 financial 
income/ 
expense,  
net

Cost  
of sales

Interest 
expense

Cost  
of sales

-1,414

-27

13

791

-1,159

2

-8

-533

+2

–

–

–

56

–

–

–

-121

–

-84

–

-120

–

114

-1

–

118

82

–

–

-91

–

43

-70

–

–

55

1

84

53

–

1

-63

-2

–

-40

-1

-1

-73

1  The amount in other financial income/expense, net includes minus €1 million (2018: €1 million) for hedges of net investments in foreign operations.
2  The amount in other financial income/expense, net includes minus €3 million (2018: minus €10 million) for hedges of net investments in foreign 

operations.

296  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.85
Reconciliation of reserves for derivative financial instruments

In millions of euros

Balance at January 1, 2018

Changes in fair values (before taxes)

  Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

  Commodity price risk – inventory purchases

Reclassification to profit and loss (before taxes)

  Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

Reclassification to cost of acquisition of non-financial 
assets (before taxes)

  Foreign currency risk – procurement

  Commodity price risk – inventory purchases

Other

Taxes on changes in fair values and reclassifications

Balance at December 31, 2018

Changes in fair values (before taxes)

  Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

  Commodity price risk – inventory purchases

Reclassification to profit and loss (before taxes)

  Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

Reclassification to cost of acquisition of non-financial 
assets (before taxes)

  Foreign currency risk – procurement

  Commodity price risk – inventory purchases

Other

Taxes on changes in fair values and reclassifications

Balance at December 31, 2019

1,171

-1,081

-1,023

-18

-40

-641

-634

-7

-81

-63

-18

–

537

-95

-1,616

-1,533

-197

114

1,050

922

128

-71

-3

-68

–

186

-546

Table  F.85 shows the reconciliation of the reserves for 
 derivative instruments (excluding reserves for hedges of net 
investments in foreign operations).

The reserves for derivative instruments include reserves for 
hedge costs of €0 million (2018: minus €11 million).

At December 31, 2019, the balance of reserves for hedges of 
net investments in foreign operations amounted to €189 million 
(2018: €187 million).

The maturities of the interest rate hedges and cross currency 
interest rate hedges as well as of the commodity hedges 
 correspond with those of the underlying transactions. The real-
ization of the underlying transactions of the cash flow hedges  
is expected to correspond with the maturities of the hedging 
transactions shown in table  F.86.

At December 31, 2019, Daimler utilized derivative instruments 
with a maximum maturity of 48 months (2018: 34 months)  
as hedges for currency risks arising from future transactions.

Nominal values of derivative financial instruments 
Table  F.86 shows the nominal values of derivative financial 
instruments entered into for the purpose of hedging currency 
risks, interest rate risks and commodity price risks that arise 
from the Group’s operating and/or financing activities.

The average prices for derivative financial instruments 
 classified by risk categories for the main risks are included in 
table  F.87.

Hedging transactions for which the effects from the measure-
ment of the hedging instrument and the underlying transaction 
to a large extent offset each other in the Consolidated State-
ment of Income mostly do not classify for hedge accounting.

Even if derivative financial instruments do not or no longer 
qualify for hedge accounting, these instruments are still hedg-
ing financial risks from the operating business. A hedging 
instrument is terminated when the hedged item no longer exists 
or is no longer expected to occur.

Explanations of the hedging of exchange rate risks,  
interest rate risks and commodity price risks can be found in 
E Note 33 in the sub-item finance market risk.

F.86
Nominal amounts of derivative financial instruments

In millions of euros

Foreign currency risk

Interest rate risk

  Fair value hedges

  Cash Flow Hedges

Commodity risk

At December 31, 2019
Maturity of nominal amounts

<1 year

1 year up to 
5 years

>5 years

Total

<1 year

At December 31, 2018
Maturity of nominal amounts

1 year up to 
5 years

>5 years

Total

26,945

20,421

12,653

7,768

259

10,877

42,215

29,805

12,410

140

–

7,654

7,654

–

–

37,822

70,290

50,112

20,178

399

29,063

15,926

6,173

9,753

285

9,935

36,602

24,763

11,839

215

–

12,055

12,055

–

–

38,998

64,583

42,991

21,592

500

 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  297

33. Management of financial risks

General information on financial risks

As a result of its businesses and the global nature of its opera-
tions, Daimler is exposed in particular to market risks from 
changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, 
while commodity price risks arise from procurement. An equity 
price risk results from investments in listed companies. In 
addition, the Group is exposed to credit risks from its leasing 
and financing activities and from its operating business (trade 
receivables). Furthermore, the Group is exposed to liquidity 
and country risks relating to its credit and market risks or a 
deterioration of its operating business or financial market 
 disturbances. If these financial risks materialize, they could 
adversely affect Daimler’s profitability, liquidity and capital 
resources and financial position.

Daimler has established internal guidelines for risk controlling 
procedures and for the use of financial instruments, including  
a clear segregation of duties with regard to financial activities, 
settlement, accounting and the related controlling. The guide-
lines upon which the Group’s risk management processes for 
financial risks are based are designed to identify and analyze 
these risks throughout the Group, to set appropriate risk limits 
and controls and to monitor the risks by means of reliable  
and up-to-date administrative and information systems. The 
guidelines and systems are regularly reviewed and adjusted  
to changes in markets and products.

The Group manages and monitors these risks primarily  
through its operating and financing activities and, if required, 
through the use of derivative financial instruments. Daimler 
uses derivative financial instruments exclusively for hedging 
financial risks that arise from its operating business or 
 refinancing activities. Without these derivative financial instru-
ments, the Group would be exposed to higher financial risks 
(additional information on financial instruments and especially 
on the volumes of the derivative financial instruments used is 
included in E Note 32). Daimler regularly evaluates its finan-
cial risks with due consideration of changes in key economic 
indicators and up-to-date market information.

Any market sensitive instruments including equity and debt 
securities that the plan assets hold to finance pension and 
other post-employment healthcare benefits are not included in 
the following quantitative and qualitative analysis. See 
E Note 22 for additional information on Daimler’s pension 
and other post-employment benefits.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of economic loss arising from counter-
party’s failure to repay or service debt in accordance with  
the contractual terms. Credit risk encompasses both the direct 
risk of default and the risk of a deterioration of creditworthi-
ness as well as concentration risks.

F.87
Average prices of hedging instruments for the major risks

Foreign currency risk

  USD per €

  CNY per €

  GBP per €

Interest rate risk

  Fair value hedges

  Average interest rate – €

  Average interest rate – USD

  Cash flow hedges

  Average interest rate – €

  Average interest rate – USD

Commodity risk

  Platinum (in € per troy ounce)

  Palladium (in € per troy ounce)

  Aluminum (in € per ton)

At December 31,

2019

2018

1.17

8.14

0.88

1.18

8.37

0.88

-0.92 %

-0.21 %

-0.84 %

-0.57 %

814

1,245

-0.82 %

0.46 %

-0.59 %

-0.07 %

819

688

–

1,606

The maximum risk positions of financial assets which are gen-
erally subject to credit risk are equal to their carrying amounts 
(without consideration of collateral, if available). There is also  
a risk of default from irrevocable loan commitments which had 
not been utilized as of that date, as well as from financial 
 guarantees. The maximum risk position in these cases is equal 
to the expected future cash outflows. Table  F.88 shows  
the maximum risk positions.

Liquid assets 
Liquid assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and market-
able debt securities and similar investments. With the invest-
ment of liquid assets, banks and issuers of securities are selected 
very carefully and diversified in accordance with a limit sys-
tem. Liquid assets are mainly held at financial institutions 
within and outside Europe with high creditworthiness, as bonds 
issued by German federal states and as money market funds. 
In connection with investment decisions, priority is placed on 
the borrower’s very high creditworthiness and on balanced risk 
diversification. The limits and their utilizations are reassessed 
continuously. In this assessment, Daimler also considers the 
credit risk assessment of its counterparties by the capital mar-
kets. In line with the Group’s risk policy, most liquid assets  
are held in investments with an external rating of “A” or better. 
Liquid assets are thus not subject to a material credit risk  
and are allocated to stage 1 of the impairment model, which is 
based on expected credit risk.

 
 
 
 
298  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.88
Maximum risk positions of financial assets, 
irrevocable loan commitments and financial guarantees

In millions of euros

Liquid assets

Receivables from  
financial services

Trade receivables

Derivative financial instruments 
used in hedge accounting  
(assets only)

Derivative financial instruments 
not used in hedge accounting 
(assets only)

Other receivables and financial 
assets

Irrevocable loan commitments

Financial guarantees

Maximum 
risk  
position 
2019

Maximum 
risk  
position 
2018

see also 
Note

27,538

25,430

14

19

103,661

12,332

96,740

12,586

16

1,191

1,033

16

16

27

109

3,328

2,038

728

3,177

2,051

672

Receivables from financial services 
Daimler’s financing and leasing activities are primarily focused 
on supporting the sales of the Group’s automotive products. 
As a consequence of these activities, the Group is exposed to 
credit risk, which is monitored and managed based on defined 
standards, guidelines and procedures. Daimler manages its 
credit risk irrespective of whether it is related to a financing 
contract or to an operating lease or a finance lease contract. 
For this reason, statements concerning the credit risk of Daimler 
Mobility refer to the entire financing and leasing business, 
unless specified otherwise.

Exposure to credit risk from financing and lease activities is 
monitored based on the portfolio subject to credit risk. The 
portfolio subject to credit risk consists of wholesale and retail 
receivables from financial services and the portion of the 
 operating lease portfolio that is subject to credit risk. Receiv-
ables from financial services comprise claims arising from 
finance lease contracts and repayment claims from financing 
loans. The operating lease portfolio is reported under equip-
ment on operating leases in the Group’s Consolidated Financial 
Statements. Overdue lease payments from operating lease 
contracts are recognized in receivables from financial services.

The Daimler Mobility segment has guidelines setting the 
 framework for effective risk management at a global as well as 
a local level. In particular, these rules deal with minimum 
requirements for all risk-relevant credit processes, the definition 
of financing products offered, the evaluation of customer 
 quality, requests for collateral as well as the treatment of unse-
cured loans and non-performing claims. The limitation of 
 concentration risks is implemented primarily by means of global 
limits, which refer to single customer exposures. As of 
December 31, 2019, exposure to the biggest 15 customers did 
not exceed 4.4% (2018: 3.8%) of the total portfolio.

With respect to its financing and lease activities, the Group 
holds collateral for customer transactions limiting actual credit 
risk through its fair value. The value of collateral generally 
depends on the amount of the financed assets. The financed 
vehicles usually serve as collateral. Furthermore, Daimler 
Mobility limits credit risk from financing and lease activities, 
for example through advance payments from customers.

For the assessment of the default risk of retail and small 
 business customers scoring systems are applied to evaluate 
their creditworthiness. Corporate customers are evaluated 
using internal rating instruments. Both evaluation processes 
use external credit bureau data if available. The scoring and 
rating results as well as the availability of security and other 
risk mitigation instruments, such as advance payments, 
 guarantees and, to a lower extent, residual debt insurances, 
are essential elements for credit decisions.

For information on credit risks included in receivables  
from financial services, see E Note 14. Information on the 
measurement of expected credit losses is provided in 
E Note 1.

If, in connection with contracts, a worsening of payment behav-
ior or other causes of a credit risk are recognized, collection 
procedures are initiated by claims management to obtain the 
overdue payments of the customer, to take possession of  
the asset financed or leased or, alternatively, to renegotiate the 
impaired contract. Restructuring policies and practices are 
based on the indicators or criteria which, in the judgment of 
local management, indicate that repayment will probably 
 continue and that the total proceeds expected to be derived 
from the renegotiated contract exceed the expected proceeds 
to be derived from repossession and remarketing. For receiv-
ables from financial services, significant modifications of finan-
cial assets only occurred in rare cases and immaterial volume.

The allowance ratio increased compared to the low level of  
the previous year.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  299

Trade receivables 
Trade receivables are mostly receivables from worldwide sales 
activities of vehicles and spare parts. The credit risk from 
trade receivables encompasses the default risk of customers, 
e.g. dealers and general distribution companies, as well as 
other corporate and private customers. In order to identify credit 
risks, Daimler assesses the creditworthiness of customers. 
Daimler manages its credit risk from trade receivables using 
appropriate IT applications and databases on the basis  
of  internal guidelines which have to be followed globally.

A significant part of the trade receivables from each country’s 
domestic business is secured by various country-specific  
types of collateral. This collateral includes conditional sales, 
guarantees and sureties as well as mortgages and advance 
payments from customers.

For trade receivables from export business, Daimler also evalu-
ates its customers’ creditworthiness by means of an internal 
rating process under consideration of the respective country 
risk. In this context, the year-end financial statements and 
other relevant information on the general distribution companies 
such as payment history are used and assessed.

Other receivables and financial assets 
With respect to other receivables and financial assets 
included in other financial assets in 2019 and 2018, Daimler  
is exposed to credit risk only to a small extent.

Irrevocable loan commitments
The Daimler Mobility segment in particular is exposed to 
credit risk from irrevocable loan commitments to retailers and 
end customers. At December 31, 2019, irrevocable loan 
 commitments amounted to €2,038 million (2018: €2,051 million). 
These loan commitments had a maturity of less than one  
year and are not subject to a material credit risk.

Financial guarantees
The maximum potential obligations resulting from financial 
guarantees amount to €728 million at December 31, 2019 
(2018: €672 million) and include liabilities recognized at Decem-
ber 31, 2019 in the amount of €107 million (2018: €124 million). 
Financial guarantees principally represent contractual arrange-
ments. These guarantees generally provide that in the event  
of default or non-payment by the primary debtor, the Group will 
be required to settle such financial obligations.

Depending on the creditworthiness of the customers,  
Daimler usually establishes credit limits and limits credit risks 
with the following types of collateral:

Liquidity risk comprises the risk that a company cannot meet 
its financial obligations in full.

Liquidity risk

Daimler manages its liquidity by holding adequate volumes  
of liquid assets and by maintaining syndicated credit facilities 
in addition to the cash inflows generated by its operating 
 business. Additionally, the possibility to securitize receivables 
of financial services business (ABS transactions) also reduces 
the Group’s liquidity risk. Liquid assets comprise cash and 
cash equivalents and marketable debt securities and similar 
investments. The Group can dispose of these liquid assets  
at short notice.

The funds raised are used to finance working capital and 
 capital expenditure as well as the cash needs of the lease and 
financing business and unexpected liquidity needs. In accor-
dance with internal guidelines, the refunding of the lease and 
financing business is generally carried out with matching 
maturities so that financing liabilities have the same maturity 
profile as the leased assets and the receivables from financial 
services.

–   credit insurances,
–   first-class bank guarantees and
–   letters of credit. 

These procedures are defined in the export credit guidelines, 
which have Group-wide validity.

For impairments of trade receivables, the simplified approach  
is applied, whereby these receivables are allocated to stage 2. 
Credit losses until maturity for these trade receivables are 
 recognized upon initial recognition.

Further information on trade receivables and the status of 
impairments recognized is provided in E Note 19.

Derivative financial instruments 
The Group uses derivative financial instruments exclusively for 
hedging financial risks that arise from its operational business, 
financing activities or liquidity management. Daimler manages 
its credit risk exposure in connection with derivative financial 
instruments through a limit system, which is based on the 
review of each counterparty’s financial strength. This system 
limits and diversifies the credit risk. As a result, Daimler is 
exposed to credit risk only to a small extent with respect to its 
derivative financial instruments. In accordance with the 
Group’s risk policy, most derivatives are contracted with coun-
terparties which have an external rating of “A” or better.

300  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

At December 31, 2019, liquidity amounted to €27.5 billion 
(2018: €25.4 billion). In 2019, significant cash inflows resulted 
from the operations of the industrial business. Furthermore,  
a dividend payment from Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd. had 
a positive effect on liquidity. Cash outflows resulted in par-
ticular from investments in intangible assets and property, plant 
and equipment, income taxes paid and a fine notice concluding 
the administrative offense proceedings against Daimler AG.  
At Daimler Mobility, cash outflows mainly resulted from the 
portfolio growth of the leasing and sales finance activities  
and from the merger of the mobility services of Daimler Group 
and BMW Group. Cash inflows and outflows in connection  
with the cash flow of the financing activities were also effective.

From an operating point of view, the management of the 
Group’s liquidity exposures is centralized by a daily cash-pool-
ing process. This process enables Daimler to manage its 
 liquidity surplus and liquidity requirements according to the 
actual needs of the Group and each subsidiary. The Group’s 
short-term and mid-term liquidity management takes into 
account the maturities of financial assets and financial liabilities 
and estimates of cash flows from the operating business.

In general, Daimler makes use of a broad spectrum of financial 
instruments to cover its funding requirements. Depending  
on funding requirements and market conditions, Daimler issues 
commercial paper, bonds, debt obligations and financial 
instruments secured by receivables in various currencies. Bank 
credit facilities are also used to cover financing requirements. 
Potential downgrades of Daimler’s credit ratings could have a 
negative impact on the Group’s financing. Since July 2018, 
Daimler has a syndicated credit facility with a volume of €11 bil-
lion with a consortium of international banks at its disposal. 
Exercising an optional extension of one year beyond the original 
term grants additional financial flexibility for Daimler until 
2024. The term can be extended for another year until 2025. 
As of December 31, 2019, the credit line is still not utilized.

In addition, customer deposits at Mercedes-Benz Bank are 
used as a further source of refinancing.

Table  F.89 provides an overview of how the future liquidity 
situation of the Group can be affected by the cash flows  
from liabilities, financial guarantees and irrevocable loan com-
mitments as of December 31, 2019.

Information on the Group’s financing liabilities is also provided 
in E Note 24.

F.89
Liquidity runoff for liabilities and financial guarantees1

In millions of euros

Financing liabilities2

  thereof lease liabilities
Derivative financial instruments3
Trade payables4

Miscellaneous other financial liabilities excluding accrued 
interest and liabilities from financial guarantees

Obligations from sales
Irrevocable loan commitments5
Financial guarantees6

Total

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

≥ 2025

171,904

65,925

38,789

22,508

10,729

8,857

25,096

4,949

90

792

709

12,707

12,704

7,454

5,200

2,038

728

5,653

5,200

2,038

728

661

-48

2

788

–

–

–

540

-191

1

377

–

–

–

459

-121

–

261

–

–

–

382

-99

–

141

–

–

–

2,115

-160

–

234

–

–

–

200,121

92,957

39,531

22,695

10,869

8,899

25,170

1  The amounts were calculated as follows:

(a)  If the counterparty can request payment at different dates, the liability is included on the basis of the earliest date on which Daimler  

can be required to pay. The customer deposits of Mercedes-Benz Bank are mostly considered in this analysis to mature within the first year.

(b) The cash flows of floating interest financial instruments are estimated on the basis of forward rates.
2  The stated cash flows of financing liabilities consist of their undiscounted principal and interest payments.
3  The undiscounted sum of the net cash outflows of the derivative financial instruments is shown for the respective year. For individual periods,  

this may also include negative cash flows from derivatives with an overall positive fair value.

4  The cash outflows of trade payables are undiscounted.
5  The maximum available amounts are stated.
6  The maximum potential obligations under the issued guarantees are stated. It is assumed that the amounts are due within the first year.

 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  301

Country risk

Country risk is the risk of economic loss arising from changes 
of political, economic, legal or social conditions in the respec-
tive country, e.g. resulting from sovereign measures such as 
expropriation or interdiction of foreign currency transfers.

Daimler is exposed to country risk mainly resulting from cross-
border funding or collateralization of Group companies and 
customers, from investments in subsidiaries, associated com-
panies, joint ventures and joint operations as well as from 
cross-border trade receivables. Country risks also arise from 
cross-border cash deposits at financial institutions.

Daimler manages these risks via country exposure limits  
(e.g. for hard currency portfolios of financial services entities) 
and via insurance of equity investments in high-risk countries. 
An internal rating system serves as a basis for Daimler’s risk-
oriented country exposure management; it assigns all countries 
to risk classes, with consideration of capital market indica-
tions of country risks.

Finance market risks

The global nature of its businesses exposes Daimler to 
 significant market risks resulting from fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity  
prices. The Group is also exposed to equity price risk in con-
nection with its investments in listed companies.

Daimler manages market risks to minimize the impact of 
 fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and com-
modity prices on the earnings of the Group and its segments. 
The Group calculates its overall exposure to these market risks 
to provide the basis for hedging decisions, which include  
the selection of hedging instruments and the determination of 
hedging volumes and the corresponding periods. The hedging 
strategy is specified at Group level and implemented in the 
segments according to the respective risk volumes. Decisions 
regarding the management of market risks from foreign 
exchange rates and commodities, as well as asset-/liability 
management (interest rates) are regularly made by the relevant 
Daimler risk management committees. Exposures are the 
basis for the hedging strategies and are updated regularly.

Certain existing benchmark interest rates including those  
of the London Interbank Offer Rate (for USD, GBP, CHF and 
JPY) will be comprehensively and internationally reformed  
by the end of 2021. As a result, those interest rates will be 
gradually abolished and replaced with alternative risk-free 
 reference rates. Alternative interest rates are being developed 
on a national level in the context of the respective legal 
 systems and currencies; they can therefore vary with regard to 
their structure, methodology and period of publication.

The effect of the application of the new interest rates on the 
consolidated financial statements is currently being reviewed. 
In order to conduct financial transactions based on the new 
indices, Daimler is preparing its IT-systems accordingly. Market 
uncertainty still exists about when the new interest rates will 
be available, how they will be calculated and how their applica-
tion will affect financial transactions. Daimler regularly dis-
cusses current developments of alternative risk-free interest 
rates with its international banking partners.

As part of its risk management system, Daimler employs  
value at risk analyses. In performing these analyses, Daimler 
quantifies its market risk due to changes in foreign currency 
exchange rates and interest rates and certain commodity prices 
on a regular basis by predicting the potential loss over a target 
time horizon (holding period) and confidence level.

The value at risk calculations employed:

–   express potential losses in fair values, and
–   assume a 99% confidence level and a holding period of five 

days.

At the Group level, Daimler calculates the value at risk for 
exchange rate and interest rate risk according to the variance-
covariance approach. The value at risk calculation method  
for commodity hedging instruments is based on a Monte Carlo 
simulation.

When calculating value at risk using the variance-covariance 
approach, Daimler first computes the current market value of 
the Group’s financial instruments portfolio. Then the sensitivity 
of the portfolio value to changes in the relevant market risk 
factors, such as particular foreign currency exchange rates or 
interest rates of specific maturities, is quantified. Based on 
 volatilities and correlations of these market risk factors, which 
are obtained from the RiskMetrics™ dataset, a statistical 
 distribution of potential changes in the portfolio value at the 
end of the holding period is computed. The loss which is 
reached or exceeded with a probability of only 1% can be derived 
from this calculation and represents the value at risk.

The Monte Carlo simulation uses random numbers to generate 
possible changes in market risk factors consistent with current 
market volatilities. The changes in market risk factors allow  
the calculation of a possible change in the portfolio value over 
the holding period. Running multiple iterations of this simula-
tion leads to a distribution of portfolio value changes. The value 
at risk can be determined based on this distribution as the 
portfolio value loss which is reached or exceeded with a proba-
bility of 1%.

302  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Exchange rate risk
Transaction risk and currency risk management. The global 
nature of Daimler’s businesses exposes cash flows and earnings 
to risks arising from fluctuations in exchange rates. These  
risks primarily relate to fluctuations between the euro and the 
US dollar, the Chinese renminbi, the British pound and other 
currencies such as currencies of growth markets. In the oper-
ating vehicle business, the Group’s exchange rate risk primarily 
arises when revenue is generated in a currency that is different 
from the currency in which the costs of revenue is converted 
into the currency in which the costs are incurred, it may be 
inadequate to cover the costs if the value of the currency in which 
the revenue is generated declined in the interim relative to  
the value of the currency in which the costs were incurred. This 
risk exposure primarily affects Mercedes-Benz Cars/Mercedes-
Benz Vans, which generate a major portion of their revenue in 
foreign currencies and incur manufacturing costs primarily  
in euros. Daimler Trucks/Daimler Buses are also exposed to 
transaction risks, but only to a minor degree because of  
their global production network. The exposures of these seg-
ments serve as a basis for analyzing exchange rate risks  
at Group level. In addition, the Group is indirectly exposed to 
transaction risk from its equity-method investments.

The Group’s overall currency exposure is reduced by natural 
hedging, which consists of the currency exposures of the busi-
ness operations of individual segments partially offsetting 
each other at Group level. These natural hedges eliminate the 
need for hedging to the extent of the matched exposures. To 
provide an additional natural hedge against any remaining 
transaction risk exposure, Daimler generally strives to increase 
cash outflows in the same currencies in which the Group has  
a net excess inflow.

In order to mitigate the impact of currency exchange rate fluc-
tuations for the operating business (future transactions), 
Daimler continually assesses its exposure to exchange rate 
risks and hedges a portion of those risks by using derivative 
financial instruments. Daimler’s Foreign Exchange Committee 
(FXCo) manages the Group’s exchange rate risk and its hedging 
transactions through currency derivatives. The FXCo consists 
of representatives of the relevant segments and central func-
tions. The Corporate Treasury department aggregates foreign 
currency exposures from Daimler’s subsidiaries and operative 
units and implements the FXCo’s decisions concerning foreign 
currency hedging through transactions with international finan-
cial institutions. For reporting purposes and accounting for 
hedge relationships, those hedges are allocated to Mercedes-

Benz Cars/Mercedes-Benz Vans and Daimler Trucks/Daimler 
Buses. Suitable measures are generally taken without delay  
to eliminate any over-hedging at Group level regarding hedging 
transactions caused by changes in exposure. In the case of 
over hedges at the level of Mercedes-Benz Cars/Mercedes-
Benz Vans or Daimler Trucks/Daimler Buses, designated hedg-
ing relations are reviewed with respect to any requirements  
to discontinue hedge accounting.

Risk Controlling regularly informs the Board of Management of 
the actions taken by Corporate Treasury based on the FXCo’s 
decisions.

The Group’s targeted hedge ratios for forecasted operating 
cash flows in foreign currency are indicated by a reference 
model. On the one hand, the hedging horizon is naturally limited 
by uncertainty related to cash flows that lie far in the future;  
on the other hand, it may also be limited by the fact that appro-
priate currency contracts are not available. This reference 
model aims to limit risks for the Group from unfavorable move-
ments in exchange rates while preserving some flexibility to 
participate in favorable developments. Based on this reference 
model and depending on the market outlook, the FXCo deter-
mines the hedging horizon, which usually varies from one to five 
years, as well as the average hedge ratios. Reflecting the 
character of the underlying risks, the hedge ratios decrease with 
increasing maturities. At year-end 2019, foreign exchange 
 management showed an unhedged position in the automotive 
business in calendar year 2020 for the underlying forecasted 
cash flows in US dollars of 27%, for the underlying forecasted 
cash flows in Chinese renminbi of 40% and for the underlying 
forecasted cash flows in British pounds of 26%.

The hedged position of the operating vehicle businesses is 
influenced by the amount of derivative currency contracts held. 
The derivative financial instruments used to cover foreign 
 currency exposure are primarily forward foreign exchange con-
tracts and currency options. Daimler’s guidelines call for a 
 mixture of these instruments depending on the assessment of 
market conditions. Value at risk is used to measure the 
exchange rate risk inherent in these derivative financial instru-
ments.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  303

F.90
Value at risk for exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk

Period-end

High

Low

Average

Period-end

High

Low

Average

2019

2018

In millions of euros

Exchange rate risk  
(from derivative financial instruments)

Interest rate risk

Commodity price risk  
(from derivative financial instruments)

333

131

18

528

156

25

333

34

17

422

94

21

568

26

14

695

45

23

568

26

14

633

36

18

Table  F.90 shows the period-end, high, low and average 
value at risk figures of the exchange rate risk for the 2019 and 
2018 portfolios of derivative financial instruments, which  
were entered into primarily in connection with the operative 
vehicle businesses. Average exposure has been computed  
on an end-of-quarter basis. The offsetting transactions under-
lying the derivative financial instruments are not included in 
the following value at risk presentation. See also table  F.86.

Hedge accounting. When designating derivative financial 
 instruments, a hedge ratio of 1 is applied. In addition, the 
respective volume and currency of the hedge and the underly-
ing transaction as well as maturity dates are matched. The 
Group ensures an economic relationship between the underly-
ing transaction and the hedging transaction by ensuring 
 consistency of currency, volume and maturity. In the case of 
options for currency hedging, the option premium is not 
 designated into the hedge relationship, but the hedging costs 
are deferred in other comprehensive income and recognized  
in profit or loss at the due date of the underlying transaction. 
The effectiveness of the hedge is assessed at the beginning 
and during the economic relationship. Possible sources of inef-
fectiveness of the hedge relationship are:

–  Effects of the credit risk on the fair value of the used 

 derivative instrument which is not reflected in the change of 
the hedged currency risk.

–  Changes in the timing of the hedged transactions.

Until year-end 2018, the designation of hedge relationships  
for a specific currency and maturity had no further differentia-
tion in respect of the expected cash flows by segment. In  
the context of focusing on the divisional perspective, the des-
ignation of hedge relationships for foreign currency risk 
 existing from the Group perspective from expected future cash 
flows from business operations, primarily from vehicle sales, 
have been assigned to Mercedes-Benz Cars/Mercedes-Benz 
Vans and to Daimler Trucks/Daimler Buses starting with  
2019. Accordingly, the documentation required under IFRS with 
regard to this further differentiation of expected cash flows 
(i.e. the risk management objectives) has been revised for a 
large proportion of the already designated hedge relationships 
for foreign currency risk, although there has been no change  
in the overall Group risk management strategy for foreign cur-
rency risk. Pursuant to the described methods applied in 
 preparation of the financial statements, this results in the for-
mal discontinuation and immediate redesignation of existing 
hedge relationships according to the revised differentiation. The 
accumulated hedging gains/losses subject to redesignation  
as of December 31, 2018 remained in the other reserves for 
derivative financial instruments because the hedged future 
cash flows are still expected to occur. Further information can 
be found in table  F.83. There were no material effects in 
2019.

304  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In 2019, the development of the value at risk from foreign 
 currency hedging was mainly driven by decreases in foreign 
currency rate volatilities and hedge volumes.

The Group’s investments in liquid assets or refinancing activi-
ties are generally selected so that possible currency risks are 
minimized. Transaction risks arising from liquid assets or pay-
ables in foreign currencies that result from the Group’s 
investment or refinancing on money and capital markets are 
generally hedged against currency risks at the time of invest-
ing or refinancing in accordance with Daimler’s internal guide-
lines. The Group uses appropriate derivative financial 
 instruments (e.g. cross-currency interest rate swaps) to hedge 
against currency risk.

Since currency risks arising from the Group’s investment  
or refinancing in foreign currencies and the respective hedging 
transactions principally offset each other, these financial 
instruments are not included in the value at risk calculation 
presented.

Effects of currency translation. For purposes of Daimler’s 
 Consolidated Financial Statements, the income and expenses 
and the assets and liabilities of subsidiaries located outside 
the euro zone are converted into euros. Therefore, period-to-
period changes in average exchange rates may cause trans-
lation effects that have a significant impact on, for example, 
revenue, segment results (EBIT) and assets and liabilities of the 
Group. Unlike exchange rate transaction risk, exchange rate 
translation risk does not necessarily affect future cash flows. 
The Group’s equity position reflects changes in book values 
caused by exchange rates. In general, Daimler does not hedge 
against exchange rate translation risk.

Interest rate risk 
Daimler uses a variety of interest rate sensitive financial instru-
ments to manage the liquidity needs of the Group. A sub-
stantial volume of interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities 
results from the leasing and sales financing business operated 
by the Daimler Mobility segment. The Daimler Mobility com-
panies enter into transactions with customers that primarily 
result in fixed-rate receivables. Daimler’s general policy is  
to match funding in terms of maturities and interest rates wher-
ever economically feasible. However, for a limited portion  
of the receivables portfolio in selected and developed markets, 
the Group does not match funding in terms of maturities  
in order to take advantage of market opportunities. As a result, 
Daimler is exposed to risks due to changes in interest rates.

An asset/liability committee consisting of members of the 
Daimler Mobility, Mercedes-Benz Cars and Daimler Trucks 
 segments and the Corporate Treasury department manages  
the interest rate risk by setting targets for the interest rate risk 
position. The Treasury Risk Management department and  
the local Daimler Mobility companies are jointly responsible for 
achieving these targets. As separate functions, the Treasury 
Controlling and the Daimler Mobility Controlling & Reporting 
department monitors target achievement on a monthly basis.  
In order to achieve the targeted interest rate risk positions in 
terms of maturities and interest rate fixing periods, Daimler 
also uses derivative financial instruments such as interest rate 
swaps. Daimler assesses its interest rate risk position by 
 comparing assets and liabilities for corresponding maturities, 
including the impact of the relevant derivative financial 
instruments.

Derivative financial instruments are also used in conjunction 
with the refinancing related to the automotive segments  
and liquidity management. Daimler steers the funding activities 
of the automotive and financial services businesses at the 
Group level.

Table  F.90 shows the period-end, high, low and average value 
at risk figures of the interest rate risk for the 2019 and 2018 
portfolios of interest rate sensitive financial instruments and 
derivative financial instruments of the Group, including the 
financial instruments of the leasing and sales financing business. 
Lease liabilities are not included in the value at risk of the 
interest rate risk. These leasing liabilities have a fixed interest 
rate and changes in interest rates therefore have no effect on 
the Group’s net profit. The average values have been computed 
on an end-of-quarter basis.

In the course of 2019, changes in the value at risk of interest  
rate risks were primarily determined by the development of 
interest rate volatilities.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  305

Hedge accounting. When designating derivative financial 
 instruments, a hedge ratio of 1 is generally applied. The respec-
tive volumes, interest curves and currencies of the hedged 
item and the hedging instrument as well as maturity dates are 
matched. In the case of combined derivative financial instru-
ments for interest currency hedges, the cross-currency basis 
spread is not designated into the hedge relationship, but 
deferred as a hedging cost in other comprehensive income and 
recognized in profit or loss over the hedge term. The Group 
ensures an economic relationship between the underlying trans-
action and the hedging instrument by ensuring consistency of 
interest rates, maturity terms and nominal amounts. The effec-
tiveness of the hedge is assessed at the beginning and during 
the economic relationship using the hypothetical derivative 
method. Possible sources of ineffectiveness of the hedge rela-
tionship are:

Hedge accounting. When designating currency derivative finan-
cial instruments, Daimler generally applies a hedge ratio of 1. 
The respective volumes and parameters relevant for the valua-
tion of the hedged item and the hedging instrument as well  
as maturity dates are matched. The Group ensures an economic 
relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instru-
ment by ensuring consistency of volumes, parameters relevant 
for valuation and maturity terms. Effectiveness is assessed at 
initial designation and during the hedge term. Possible sources 
of ineffectiveness of the hedge relationship are:

–  Effects of the credit risk on the fair value of the derivative 
instrument in use which are not reflected in the change in 
the hedged commodity price risk.

–  Changes in the timing of the hedged transactions.

–  Effects of the credit risk on the fair value of the derivative 

instrument in use which are not reflected in the change in 
the hedged interest rate risk.

–  Changes in the parameters of the underlying hedged trans-

actions.

Equity price risk 
Daimler predominantly holds investments in shares of compa-
nies which are classified as long-term investments, some  
of which are accounted for using the equity method, such as 
BAIC Motor. These investments are not included in a market 
risk assessment of the Group.

Commodity price risk 
Daimler is exposed to the risk of changes in commodity prices  
in connection with procuring raw materials and manufacturing 
supplies used in production. A small portion of the raw mate-
rial price risk, primarily relating to forecasted procurement of 
certain metals, is mitigated with the use of derivative financial 
instruments.

For precious metals, central commodity management shows 
an unhedged position of 55% of the forecasted commodity 
 purchases at year-end 2019 for calendar year 2020. The corre-
sponding figure at year-end 2018 was 39% for calendar year 
2019.

Table  F.90 shows the period-end, high, low and average 
value at risk figures of the commodity price risk for the 2019 
and 2018 portfolio of derivative financial instruments used  
to hedge raw material price risk. Average exposure has been 
computed on an end-of-quarter basis. The transactions 
 underlying the derivative financial instruments are not included 
in the value at risk presentation. See also table  F.86.

In 2019, the value at risk of commodity derivatives ranged 
close to the previous year’s level.

306  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

34. Segment reporting

Reportable segments 
The reportable segments of the Group are Mercedes-Benz Cars, 
Daimler Trucks, Mercedes-Benz Vans, Daimler Buses and 
Daimler Mobility (formerly Daimler Financial Services). The 
segments are largely organized and managed separately, 
according to nature of products and services provided, brands, 
distribution channels and profile of customers.

The vehicle segments develop and manufacture passenger 
cars, trucks, vans and buses. The Mercedes-Benz Cars segment 
comprises premium vehicles of the Mercedes-Benz brand 
including the brands Mercedes-AMG and Mercedes-Maybach, 
and small cars under the smart brand, as well as the brand 
Mercedes me. Electric products are marketed under the EQ 
brand. Daimler Trucks distributes its trucks under the brand 
names Mercedes-Benz, Freightliner, FUSO, Western Star and 
BharatBenz. Furthermore, buses under the brands Thomas 
Built Buses and FUSO are included in the Daimler Trucks range 
of products. The vans of the Mercedes-Benz Vans segment  
are primarily sold under the brand name Mercedes-Benz and 
also under the Freightliner brand. Daimler Buses sells com-
pletely built-up buses under the brand names Mercedes-Benz 
and Setra. In addition, Daimler Buses produces and sells  
bus chassis. The vehicle segments also sell related spare parts 
and accessories.

The Daimler Mobility segment supports the sales of the Group’s 
vehicle segments worldwide. Its product portfolio primarily 
comprises tailored financing and leasing packages for end-cus-
tomers and dealers, brokering of automotive insurance and 
banking services. The segment also provides services such as 
fleet management in Europe, which primarily takes place 
through the Athlon brand. Furthermore, Daimler Mobility is 
active in the area of innovative mobility services.

Internal management and reporting structure 
The internal management and reporting structure at the Daimler 
Group principally is based on the accounting policies that are 
described in E Note 1 in the summary of significant account-
ing policies according to IFRS.

The measure of the Group’s profit or loss used by Daimler’s 
management and reporting structure is referred to as “EBIT”. 
EBIT comprises gross profit, selling and general administrative 
expenses, research and non-capitalized development costs, 
other operating income/expense, and the profit/loss on equity-
method investments, net, as well as other financial income/
expense, net. Although amortization of capitalized borrowing 
costs is included in cost of sales, it is not included in EBIT.  
The performance measure used by the Group’s internal manage-
ment and reporting structure for the automotive segments  
is return on sales.

Intersegment revenue is generally recorded at values that 
approximate market terms.

Segment assets principally comprise all assets. The vehicle 
segments’ assets exclude income tax assets, assets from 
defined-benefit pension plans and other post-employment 
benefit plans, and certain financial assets (including liquidity). 
Segment liabilities principally comprise all liabilities. The 
 vehicle segments’ liabilities exclude income tax liabilities, 
 liabilities from defined benefit pension plans and other post-
employment benefit plans, and certain financial liabilities 
(including financing liabilities).

Daimler Mobility’s performance is measured on the basis  
of return on equity, which is the usual procedure in the banking 
business.

The residual value risks associated with the Group’s operating 
leases and finance lease receivables are generally borne by  
the vehicle segments that manufactured the leased equipment. 
Risk sharing is based on agreements between the respective 
vehicle segments and Daimler Mobility; the terms vary by vehicle 
segment and geographic region.

Non-current assets consist of intangible assets, property, 
plant and equipment and equipment on operating leases.

F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  307

Capital expenditures for intangible assets and property, plant 
and equipment reflect the cash-effective additions to these 
intangible assets and property, plant and equipment as far as 
they do not relate to capitalized borrowing costs or goodwill.

Depreciation and amortization may also include impairments 
insofar as they do not relate to goodwill impairment according 
to IAS 36.

Amortization of capitalized borrowing costs is not included in 
the amortization of intangible assets or depreciation of 
 property, plant and equipment since it is not considered as 
part of EBIT.

Reconciliation 
Reconciliation includes corporate items for which headquarters 
are responsible. Transactions between the segments are 
 eliminated in the context of consolidation and the eliminated 
amounts are included in the reconciliation.

The effects of certain legal proceedings and compliance issues 
are excluded from the operating results and liabilities of the 
segments if such items are not indicative of the segments’ per-
formance, since the related results of operations may be 
 distorted by the amount and the irregular nature of such events.

Reconciliation also includes corporate projects, profits and 
losses on derivative financial transactions allocated to head-
quarters and equity interests not allocated to the segments.

Information related to geographic areas 
With respect to information about geographical regions, 
 revenue is allocated to countries based on the location of the 
customer; non-current assets are presented according to  
the physical location of these assets.

Table  F.91 presents segment information as of and for the 
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Mercedes-Benz Cars 
In the year 2019, the Mercedes-Benz Cars segment’s earnings 
include expenses of €1,882 million due to a reassessment  
of risks relating to ongoing governmental and legal proceed-
ings and measures taken with regard to Mercedes-Benz  
Cars diesel vehicles in various regions and markets. Furthermore, 
expenses in connection with an updated risk assessment  
for an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata airbags caused a 
reduction in earnings of €600 million. In addition, the remea-
surement at fair-value of shares in Aston Martin Lagonda Global 
Holdings plc had a negative impact on EBIT.

Daimler Trucks 
In the reporting year, there were no significant non-cash 
effects on earnings at the Daimler Trucks segment.

Mercedes-Benz Vans 
In the year 2019, EBIT at the Mercedes-Benz Vans segment 
was reduced by a reassessment of risks relating to ongoing 
governmental and legal proceedings and measures taken  
with regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles in various regions 
and markets (€2,200 million). Furthermore, earnings were 
reduced by expenses in connection with the review and priori-
tization of the product portfolio (€828 million) and an updated 
risk assessment for an expanded recall of vehicles with Takata 
airbags (€341 million).

Daimler Buses 
There were no significant non-cash effects on earnings at the 
Daimler Buses segment in 2019.

Daimler Mobility 
In the year 2019, the merger of the mobility services of  
Daimler Group and BMW Group affected earnings positively by 
€718 million. Effects of €405 million from the realignment  
of the YOUR NOW group affected EBIT negatively. In the prior-
year period, the negative effect of €418 million from the 
 conclusion of the Toll Collect arbitration proceedings reduced 
EBIT. The interest income and interest expense of Daimler 
Mobility are included in revenue and cost of sales, and are pre-
sented in E Notes 4 and 5.

308  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.91
Segment information

In millions of euros

2019

External revenue

Intersegment revenue

Total revenue

Mercedes- 
Benz Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes-
Benz Vans

Daimler 
Buses

Daimler 
Mobility

Total  
Segments

Recon-
ciliation

Daimler 
Group

89,683

4,194

93,877

38,393

1,842

40,235

13,770

1,031

14,801

4,562

171

4,733

26,337

172,745

–

172,745

2,309

9,547

28,646

182,292

-9,547

-9,547

–

172,745

Segment profit/loss (EBIT)

3,359

2,463

-3,085

283

2,140

5,160

-831

4,329

  thereof profit/loss on equity-method  

investments

  thereof profit/loss from compounding  
  and effects from changes in discount rates  
  of provisions for other risks

1,146

–

54

-145

-65

-19

3

-6

-766

437

42

479

-3

-238

–

-238

Segment assets

84,406

24,187

9,685

3,819

174,821

296,918

-18,344

278,574

  thereof carrying amounts of equity-method  

investments

3,053

527

276

10

1,107

4,973

976

5,949

Segment liabilities

51,741

14,308

9,092

2,467

159,838

237,446

-21,120

216,326

Additions to non-current assets

  thereof investments in intangible assets

18,222

3,135

2,334

113

1,532

255

  thereof investments in property,  
  plant and equipment

Depreciation and amortization  
of non-current assets

  thereof amortization of intangible assets

  thereof depreciation of property,  
  plant and equipment

5,629

971

7,007

1,664

1,837

260

3,918

942

240

856

350

341

363

30

134

250

25

89

16,254

103

38,705

3,636

3

–

38,708

3,636

87

7,061

138

7,199

6,763

82

72

16,713

2,381

5,362

101

–

8

16,814

2,381

5,370

 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  309

In millions of euros

2018

External revenue

Intersegment revenue

Total revenue

Mercedes- 
Benz Cars

Daimler 
Trucks

Mercedes-
Benz Vans

Daimler 
Buses

Daimler 
Mobility

Total  
Segments

Recon-
ciliation

Daimler 
Group

89,467

3,636

93,103

36,456

1,817

38,273

12,842

784

13,626

4,421

108

4,529

24,176

167,362

–

167,362

2,093

8,438

26,269

175,800

-8,438

-8,438

–

167,362

Segment profit/loss (EBIT)

7,216

2,753

  thereof profit/loss on equity-method  

investments

  thereof profit/loss from compounding  
  and effects from changes in discount rates  
  of provisions for other risks

1,108

-7

43

-9

312

44

-11

265

1,384

11,930

-798

11,132

1

-2

-452

744

-88

656

-3

-32

1

-31

Segment assets

76,352

23,558

9,868

3,780

165,316

278,874

-18,818

260,056

  thereof carrying amounts of equity-method  

investments

2,928

512

241

8

209

3,898

962

4,860

Segment liabilities

48,047

15,069

6,330

2,502

152,506

224,454

-20,929

203,525

Additions to non-current assets

  thereof investments in intangible assets

16,494

2,553

2,460

86

1,633

368

  thereof investments in property,  
  plant and equipment

Depreciation and amortization  
of non-current assets

  thereof amortization of intangible assets

  thereof depreciation of property,  
  plant and equipment

5,684

1,105

6,105

1,437

1,622

267

3,138

798

468

599

185

255

431

56

144

235

20

75

14,431

103

35,449

3,166

64

7,465

6,236

104

14,797

2,013

24

4,290

51

1

69

90

1

1

35,500

3,167

7,534

14,887

2,014

4,291

 
 
 
 
310  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reconciliation 
Reconciliation of the segment amounts to the respective items 
included in the Consolidated Financial Statements is shown in 
table  F.92.

In 2019, the line item Other corporate items includes, amongst 
other things, expenses of €425 million in connection with 
ongoing governmental and legal proceedings and measures 
taken with regard to Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. In the 
prior year, the impairment of Daimler’s equity investment in BAIC 
Motor Corporation Ltd. by €150 million impacted earnings 
 negatively. Furthermore, expenses in connection with “Project 
Future” are included in both years.

Revenue and non-current assets by region 
Revenue from external customers and non-current assets by 
region are shown in table  F.93.

F.92
Reconciliation to Group figures

In millions of euros

2019

2018

Total of segments’ profit (EBIT)

5,160

11,930

  profit/loss on equity-method investments

  Other corporate items

  Eliminations

Group EBIT
  Amortization of capitalized borrowing costs1

Interest income

Interest expense

42

-850

-23

-88

-669

-41

4,329

11,132

-16

397

-880

-15

271

-793

Profit before income taxes

3,830

10,595

Total of segments’ assets

296,918

278,874

 Carrying amount of equity-method  
investments2
Income tax assets3

976

5,658

962

4,227

  Other corporate items and eliminations

-24,978

-24,007

Segment assets Group

278,574

260,056

 Unallocated financial assets (including 
liquidity) and assets from pensions and 
similar obligations3

Total assets Group

Total of segments’ liabilities
Income tax liabilities3

23,864

21,563

302,438

281,619

237,446

224,454

3,099

2,556

  Other corporate items and eliminations

-24,219

-23,485

Segment liabilities Group

216,326

203,525

 Unallocated financial liabilities and  
liabilities from pensions and similar  
obligations3

  Total equity Group

Total equity and liabilities Group

23,271

62,841

12,041

66,053

302,438

281,619

1  Amortization of capitalized borrowing costs is not considered  

in the internal performance measure “EBIT” but is included in cost 
of sales.

2  This mainly comprises the carrying amount of the investment in 

BAIC Motor.

3  Unless allocated to Daimler Mobility.

F.93
Revenue and non-current assets by region

In millions of euros

Europe

  thereof Germany

NAFTA

 thereof  
United States

Asia

  thereof China

Other markets

Revenue

Non-current assets

2019

2018

2019

2018

69,541

26,339

52,196

45,422

40,657

18,954

10,351

68,496

24,802

47,952

41,152

40,627

19,790

10,287

69,478

49,335

28,497

63,559

45,281

27,095

25,228

24,239

4,565

544

2,063

2,807

219

1,764

172,745

167,362

104,603

95,225

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  311

F.94
Average net assets

In millions of euros

  Mercedes-Benz Cars

  Daimler Trucks

  Mercedes-Benz Vans

  Daimler Buses
  Daimler Mobility1

Net assets of the segments
  Equity-method investments2
  Assets and liabilities from income taxes3
  Other corporate items and eliminations3

2019

2018

32,418

10,274

2,412

1,440

13,961

60,505

980

2,720

-459

26,289

8,240

3,355

1,233

12,466

51,583

1,066

1,707

-547

Net assets Daimler Group

63,746

53,809

1  Equity.
2  Unless allocated to the segments.
3  Unless allocated to Daimler Mobility.

36. Earnings per share

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is 
based on net profit attributable to shareholders of Daimler AG. 
Following the expiration of the stock option plan in 2014, dilu-
tive effects no longer exist. The profit attributable to share-
holders of Daimler AG (basic and diluted) amounts to 
€2,377 million (2018: €7,249 million). The weighted average 
number of shares outstanding (basic and diluted) amounts 
to 1,069.8 million (2018: 1,069.8 million).

35. Capital management

Net assets and value added represent the basis for capital 
management at Daimler. The assets and liabilities of the 
 segments in accordance with IFRS provide the basis for the 
determination of net assets at Group level. The vehicle 
 segments are accountable for the operational net assets; all 
assets, liabilities and provisions which they are responsible  
for in day-to-day operations are therefore allocated to them. 
Performance measurement at Daimler Mobility is on an  
equity basis, in line with the usual practice in the banking busi-
ness. Net assets at Group level additionally include assets  
and liabilities from income taxes as well as other corporate 
items and eliminations.

The average annual net assets are calculated from the average 
quarterly net assets. The average quarterly net assets are 
 calculated as an average of the net assets at the beginning and 
the end of the quarter and are shown in table  F.94.

The cost of capital of the Group’s average net assets is 
reflected in value added. Value added shows the extent to which 
the Group achieves or exceeds the minimum return require-
ments of the shareholders and creditors, thus creating additional 
value. The required rate of return on net assets, and thus the 
cost of capital, are derived from the minimum rates of return 
that investors expect on their invested capital. The Group’s 
cost of capital comprises the cost of equity as well as the costs 
of debt and pension obligations unless these are allocated to 
Daimler Mobility; in addition, the expected returns on liquidity 
and on the plan assets of the pension funds which are not 
 allocated to Daimler Mobility are considered with the opposite 
sign. In the reporting period, the cost of capital used for  
our internal capital management amounted to 8% after taxes.

The objective of capital management is to increase value 
added, among other things, by optimizing the cost of capital. 
This is achieved on the one hand by the management of the net 
assets, for instance by optimizing working capital which is 
within the operational responsibility of the segments. In addition, 
taking into account legal regulations, Daimler strives to 
 optimize the costs and risks of its capital structure and, con-
sequently, the cost of capital, with due consideration of 
 applicable law. Examples of this include a balanced relation-
ship between equity and financial liabilities as well as an 
appropriate level of liquidity, oriented towards the operational 
requirements.

312  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.95
Transactions with related companies

In millions of euros

Sales of goods  
and services  
and other income

Purchase of goods  
and services  
and other expense

Receivables
at December 31,1

Payables 
at December 31,2

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

Associated companies

13,505

13,475

  thereof LSHAI

  thereof BBAC

Joint ventures

7,230

5,880

884

8,011

4,850

997

628

476

132

187

855

647

64

100

3,324

1,288

1,966

213

2,679

981

1,571

208

116

24

78

78

131

30

85

444

1 After total loss allowances of €66 million (2018: €53 million).
2 Including liabilities from default risks from guarantees for related parties.

F.96
Remuneration of the members of the Board of Management and 
the Supervisory Board

In millions of euros

Remuneration of the Board of Management

  Fixed remuneration (base salary)

 Short-term variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus)

 Mid-term variable remuneration  
(50% of annual bonus, “deferral”)

 Variable remuneration with a long-term 
incentive effect (PPSP)

  Post-employment benefits (service cost)

  Termination benefits

Remuneration of the Supervisory Board1

2019

2018

8.9

1.0

0.9

11.7

2.0

–

24.5

4.6

29.1

9.5

2.5

1.9

1.6

2.4

–

17.9

4.2

22.1

1  As of the year 2019, including remuneration for the members of the 
Supervisory Board of Mercedes-Benz AG and of Daimler Truck AG 
according to Section 314 Subsection 1 No. 6a of the German 
 Commercial Code (HGB).

37. Related party disclosures

Related parties (persons or companies) are deemed to be 
associated companies, joint ventures and unconsolidated sub-
sidiaries, as well as persons who exercise a significant influ-
ence on the financial and business policy of the Daimler Group. 
The latter category includes all persons in key positions and 
their close family members. At the Daimler Group, those persons 
are the members of the Board of Management and of the 
Supervisory Board.

Related companies 
Business transactions with related companies are carried  
out at market terms. Most of the goods and services supplied 
between the Group and related companies comprise trans-
actions with associated companies and joint ventures and are 
shown in table  F.95.

Associated companies 
A large proportion of the Group’s sales of goods and services 
with associated companies as well as of its receivables  
relates to business relations with LSH Auto International Limited 
(LSHAI) and with Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd. (BBAC), 
which is allocated to Mercedes-Benz Cars.

The purchases of goods and services shown in table  F.95 
were primarily from LSHAI.

Joint ventures
In business relationships with joint ventures, significant sales  
of goods and services took place with Fujian Benz Automotive 
Co., Ltd. (FBAC), which is allocated to Mercedes-Benz Vans, 
and with DAIMLER KAMAZ RUS OOO, which is allocated to 
Daimler Trucks.

E Note 13 provides further details of the business operations 
of the significant associated companies and joint ventures,  
as well as significant transactions in the years 2019 and 2018.

 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  313

Contributions to plan assets 
Daimler Pension Trust e. V. manages the plan assets on a 
 fiduciary basis to cover pension obligations in Germany and is 
therefore a related company of the Daimler Group. Another 
related company is Daimler Pensionsfonds AG. Daimler AG 
bears non-significant expenses and provides services for both 
companies. See also E Note 22 for further information.

Related persons 
Throughout the world, the Group has business relationships 
with numerous entities that are customers and/or suppliers of 
the Group. Those customers and/or suppliers include com-
panies that have a connection with some of the members of 
the Board of Management or of the Supervisory Board and 
close family members of those board members of Daimler AG 
or of its subsidiaries.

Board of Management and Supervisory Board members and 
close family members of those board members may also 
 purchase goods and services from Daimler AG or its subsidiar-
ies as customers. When such business relationships exist, 
transactions are concluded at market terms.

See E Note 38 for information on the remuneration of board 
members.

38. Remuneration of the members  
of the Board of Management and the 
Supervisory Board

Remuneration granted in 2019 to the members of the Board  
of Management and the Supervisory Board who were active in 
2019 is shown in table  F.96.

Expenses for variable remuneration of the Board of Manage-
ment with a long-term incentive effect, as shown in table 
 F.96, result from the ongoing measurement at fair value at 
each balance sheet date of all rights granted and not yet  
due under the Performance Phantom Share Plans (PPSP), i.e. 
for the plans of the years 2015 to 2018. In 2019, the active 
members of the Board of Management were granted 266,128 
(2018: 145,775) phantom shares in connection with the  
PPSP; the fair value of these phantom shares at the grant date 
was €13.3 million (2018: €10.2 million). See E Note 21  
for additional information on share-based payment of the 
members of the Board of Management.

According to Section 314 Subsection 1 No. 6a of the German 
Commercial Code (HGB), the overall remuneration granted to 
the members of the Board of Management, excluding service 
cost resulting from entitlements to post-employment benefits, 
amounted to €24.2 million (2018: €24.7 million).

The members of the Supervisory Board are solely granted 
short-term fixed remuneration for their board and committee 
activities, the amounts of which depend on their functions  
in the Supervisory Board. With the exception of remuneration 
paid to the members representing the employees in accor-
dance with their contracts of employment, no remuneration 
was paid in 2019 for services provided personally beyond 
board and committee activities, in particular for advisory or 
agency services.

The members of the Board of Management do not receive  
any remuneration for their board activities in the boards of the 
subsidiaries. These activities are compensated by the remu-
neration at Daimler AG.

No advance payments or loans were made or abated to 
 members of the Board of Management or to the members of 
the Supervisory Board of Daimler AG in 2019.

The payments made in 2019 to former members of the Board 
of Management of Daimler AG and their survivors amounted  
to €19.5 million (2018: €16.2 million). The pension provisions 
for former members of the Board of Management and their 
survivors amounted to €355.8 million as of December 31, 2019 
(2018: €270.2 million).

Information regarding the remuneration of the members  
of the Board of Management and of the Supervisory Board is 
disclosed on an individual basis in the Remuneration Report, 
which is part of the Combined Management Report. 
E Management Report from page 108

314  F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F.97
Auditor fees

In millions of euros

Audit services

 thereof KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungs-
gesellschaft

Other attestation services

 thereof KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungs-
gesellschaft

Tax services

 thereof KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungs-
gesellschaft

Other services

 thereof KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungs-
gesellschaft

2019

2018

52

28

15

12

2

1

6

4

46

23

10

8

2

1

8

6

75

66

39. Auditor fees

The shareholders of Daimler AG elected KPMG AG Wirtschafts-
prüfungsgesellschaft as the external auditor at the Annual 
Shareholders’ Meeting held on May 22, 2019. Table  F.97 
shows the fees for services provided by KPMG AG Wirtschafts-
prüfungsgesellschaft and the companies of the worldwide 
KPMG network to Daimler AG, the consolidated subsidiaries as 
well as joint operations.

Audit services relate to the audit of Daimler Group’s Con-
solidated Financial Statements and the year-end financial 
statements, as well as to all services required for the audit 
including the reviews of interim financial statements, the 
accounting-related audit of the internal control system,  
and accounting-related reviews of the introduction of IT sys-
tems and processes.

Other attestation services include attestation services 
required by law or by contractual agreement, or voluntarily 
assigned services. In addition to reviews of non-accounting-
related IT systems and processes, they also include attestation 
services in connection with “Project Future.” Furthermore, 
audits in connection with compliance management systems, the 
issuance of comfort letters, and non-financial disclosures  
and reports were commissioned.

Tax services primarily relate to value-added tax advisory.

Other services mainly relate to non-accounting-relevant IT- and 
process consulting and quality assurance.

40. Events after the reporting period

Personnel measures in production-related and 
 administrative areas in the years 2020 to 2022
In January 2020, Daimler agreed with the General Works 
 Council on a general company agreement that, among other 
things, regulates voluntary agreements on termination of 
employment primarily for employees in indirect areas (i.e. in 
administration and production-related areas). Discussions  
with employees on voluntary agreements on termination of 
employment will begin in the second quarter of 2020.

Establishment of joint venture smart Automobile Co., Ltd.
Mercedes-Benz AG and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group estab-
lished the joint venture smart Automobile Co., Ltd. in December 
2019. The two companies are expected to contribute equal 
shares of RMB 2.7 billion each to the equity of the joint venture 
in the first half of 2020. The equity interest of Mercedes-Benz 
AG will mainly consist of the contribution of the smart brand, 
which will have a positive impact on earnings before taxes of 
approximately €0.1 billion to €0.2 billion at the future Mercedes-
Benz Cars & Vans segment.

Sale of 30% of the shares in HERE
In December 2019, There Holding B.V. (THBV) and HERE Inter-
national B.V. (HERE) and other companies signed an agreement 
on the basis of which 30% of the shares in HERE are to be  
sold to a joint venture between Mitsubishi Corporation and 
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. The transaction  
is expected to be completed in the first half of 2020 after 
receiving the approval of the relevant authorities. The comple-
tion is expected to lead to a gain of €0.1 billion.

41. Additional information

German Corporate Governance Code 
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board of 
Daimler AG have issued a declaration pursuant to Section 161 
of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and have made  
it permanently available to their shareholders on Daimler’s 
website at w https://www.daimler.com/documents/
company/ corporate-governance/declarations/daimler- 
declaration-en-12-2019.pdf.

Information on investments 
The statement of investments of the Daimler Group pursuant to 
Section 313 Subsection 2 Nos. 1-6 of the German Commercial 
Code (HGB) is presented in table  F.98. In general, coopera-
tions without an equity interest are not reported. Information 
on equity and earnings and information on investments pursu-
ant to Section 313 Subsection 2 No. 4 of the German Commer-
cial Code is omitted insofar as, pursuant to Section 313 Sub-
section 3 Sentence 4 of the HGB, such information is of minor 
relevance for a fair presentation of the profitability, liquidity 
and capital resources or financial position of the Daimler Group. 
In addition, the statement of investments indicates which 
 consolidated companies make use of the exemption pursuant to 
Section 264 Subsection 3 of the HGB and/or Section 264b of 
the HGB. The Consolidated Financial Statements of Daimler AG 
release those subsidiaries from the requirements that would 
otherwise apply.

 
 
 
 
F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     315

Domicile, Country 

Capital share  
in %1

Footnote 

F.98

Name of the Company 

I. Consolidated subsidiaries

Athlon Beheer International B.V.

Athlon Beheer Nederland B.V.

Athlon Car Lease Belgium N.V.

Athlon Car Lease International B.V.

Athlon Car Lease Italy S.R.L.

Athlon Car Lease Nederland B.V.

Athlon Car Lease Polska Sp. z o.o.

Athlon Car Lease Portugal, lda

Schiphol, Netherlands

Schiphol, Netherlands

Machelen, Belgium

Schiphol, Netherlands

Rome, Italy

Schiphol, Netherlands

Warsaw, Poland

Oeiras, Portugal

Athlon Car Lease Rental Services B.V.

Schiphol, Netherlands

Athlon Car Lease Rental Services Belgium N.V.

Athlon Car Lease S.A.S.

Athlon Car Lease Spain, S.A.

Athlon Dealerlease B.V.

Athlon France S.A.S.

Athlon Germany GmbH

Athlon Mobility Consultancy B.V.

Athlon Mobility Consultancy N.V.

Athlon Rental Germany GmbH

Athlon Sweden AB

Athlon Switzerland AG

AutoGravity Corporation

Banco Mercedes-Benz do Brasil S.A.

Machelen, Belgium

Le Bourget, France

Alcobendas, Spain

Hoofddorp, Netherlands

Le Bourget, France

Düsseldorf, Germany

Schiphol, Netherlands

Machelen, Belgium

Düsseldorf, Germany

Malmö, Sweden

Schlieren, Switzerland

Irvine, USA

São Paulo, Brazil

Brooklands Estates Management Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Campo Largo Comercio de Veículos e Peças Ltda.

Campinas, Brazil

CARS Technik & Logistik GmbH

CLIDET NO 1048 (Proprietary) Limited

Conemaugh Hydroelectric Projects, Inc.

DA Investments Co. LLC

DAF Investments, Ltd.

Wiedemar, Germany

Centurion, South Africa

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Daimler Australia/Pacific Pty. Ltd.

Melbourne, Australia

Daimler Brand & IP Management GmbH & Co. KG

Stuttgart, Germany

Daimler Buses North America Inc.

Daimler Canada Finance Inc.

Daimler Canada Investments Company

Daimler Capital Services LLC

Daimler Ceská republika Holding s.r.o.

Daimler Colombia S. A.

Oriskany, USA

Montreal, Canada

Halifax, Canada

Wilmington, USA

Prague, Czech Republic

Bogota D.C., Colombia

Daimler Commercial Vehicles South East Asia Pte. Ltd.

Singapore, Singapore

Daimler Compra y Manufactura Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V.

Mexico City, Mexico

Daimler Export and Trade Finance GmbH

Daimler Finance North America LLC

Berlin, Germany

Wilmington, USA

Daimler Financial Services Africa & Asia Pacific Ltd.

Singapore, Singapore

Daimler Financial Services India Private Limited

Chennai, India

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

80.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

5

5

5

316     F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Daimler Financial Services Investment Company LLC

Wilmington, USA

Daimler Financial Services México, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Mexico City, Mexico

Daimler Financial Services, S.A. de C.V., S.O.F.O.M., E.N.R.

Mexico City, Mexico

Daimler Fleet Management GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Daimler Fleet Management Singapore Pte. Ltd.

Singapore, Singapore

Daimler Fleet Management South Africa (Pty.) Ltd. i. L.

Centurion, South Africa

Daimler Fleet Management UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Daimler Fleet Services A.S.

Daimler Fleetboard GmbH

Daimler Greater China Ltd.

Daimler Grund Services GmbH

Istanbul, Turkey

Stuttgart, Germany

Beijing, China

Schönefeld, Germany

Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Private Limited

Chennai, India

Daimler Insurance Agency LLC

Daimler Insurance Services GmbH

Daimler Insurance Services Japan Co., Ltd.

Wilmington, USA

Stuttgart, Germany

Tokyo, Japan

Daimler Insurance Services UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Daimler International Finance B.V.

Daimler International Nederland B.V.

Daimler Investments US Corporation

Daimler Ladungsträger GmbH

Daimler Manufactura, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Daimler Mexico, S.A. de C.V.

Utrecht, Netherlands

Utrecht, Netherlands

Wilmington, USA

Sindelfingen, Germany

Mexico City, Mexico

Mexico City, Mexico

Daimler Mobility & Technology Service Co., Ltd.

Beijing, China

Daimler Mobility AG

DAIMLER MOBILITY AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

Stuttgart, Germany

Melbourne, Australia

Daimler Mobility Brasil Holding S.A.

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil

Daimler Mobility Services GmbH

Daimler Motors Investments LLC

Daimler Nederland B.V.

Daimler Nederland Holding B.V.

Daimler North America Corporation

Daimler North America Finance Corporation

Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany

Wilmington, USA

Utrecht, Netherlands

Utrecht, Netherlands

Wilmington, USA

Newark, USA

Daimler Northeast Asia Parts Trading and Services Co., Ltd.

Beijing, China

Daimler Parts Brand GmbH

Daimler Re Brokers GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Bremen, Germany

Daimler Re Insurance S.A. Luxembourg

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Daimler Real Estate GmbH

Daimler Retail Receivables LLC

Daimler Securitisation Australia Pty Ltd

Berlin, Germany

Farmington Hills, USA

Mulgrave, Australia

DAIMLER SERVICIOS CORPORATIVOS MEXICO S. DE R.L. DE C.V.

Mexico City, Mexico

Daimler South East Asia Pte. Ltd.

Daimler Truck AG

Daimler Truck and Bus Australia Pacific Pty. Ltd.

Singapore, Singapore

Stuttgart, Germany

Mulgrave, Australia

DAIMLER TRUCK AND BUS HOLDING AUSTRALIA PACIFIC PTY LTD

Melbourne, Australia

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

65.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

74.90

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

5

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     317

Daimler Truck China Limited

Daimler Trucks & Buses US Holding LLC

Daimler Trucks and Buses (China) Ltd.

Beijing, China

Wilmington, USA

Beijing, China

Daimler Trucks and Buses Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd

Zwartkop, South Africa

Daimler Trucks Canada Ltd.

Daimler Trucks Korea Ltd.

Daimler Trucks North America LLC

Daimler Trucks Remarketing Corporation

Daimler Trucks Retail Trust 2018-1

Daimler Trucks Retail Trust 2019-1

Daimler Trust Holdings LLC

Daimler Trust Leasing Conduit LLC

Daimler Trust Leasing LLC

Daimler UK Limited

Daimler Vans Hong Kong Limited

Daimler Vans USA, LLC

Mississauga, Canada

Seoul, South Korea

Wilmington, USA

Portland, USA

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Farmington Hills, USA

Wilmington, USA

Farmington Hills, USA

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Hong Kong, China

Wilmington, USA

Daimler Vehículos Comerciales Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V.

Mexico City, Mexico

Daimler Verwaltungsgesellschaft für Grundbesitz mbH

Schönefeld, Germany

Daimler Vorsorge und Versicherungsdienst GmbH

Berlin, Germany

Detroit Diesel Corporation

Detroit Diesel Remanufacturing LLC

Detroit, USA

Detroit, USA

Deutsche Accumotive GmbH & Co. KG

Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany

EHG Elektroholding GmbH

EvoBus (Schweiz) AG

EvoBus (U.K.) Ltd.

EvoBus Austria GmbH

EvoBus Belgium N.V.

EvoBus Ceská republika s.r.o.

EvoBus Danmark A/S

EvoBus France S.A.S.U.

EvoBus GmbH

EvoBus Ibérica, S.A.U.

EvoBus Italia S.p.A.

EvoBus Nederland B.V.

EvoBus Polska Sp. z o.o.

EvoBus Portugal, S.A.

EvoBus Sverige AB

Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation

Friesland Lease B.V.

Stuttgart, Germany

Kloten, Switzerland

Coventry, United Kingdom

Wiener Neudorf, Austria

Kobbegem-Asse, Belgium

Prague, Czech Republic

Koege, Denmark

Sarcelles, France

Stuttgart, Germany

Sámano, Spain

Bomporto, Italy

Nijkerk, Netherlands

Wolica, Poland

Mem Martins, Portugal

Vetlanda, Sweden

Gaffney, USA

Drachten, Netherlands

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 1 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 2 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 3 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 4 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 5 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

67.55

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

51.11

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

3

3

5

5

5

5

5

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote 318     F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 6 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Alpha 7 OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Beta OHG

Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Delta OHG

Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co. Epsilon OHG Schönefeld, Germany

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co.  
Gamma 1 OHG

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co.  
Gamma 2 OHG

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co.  
Gamma 3 OHG

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft Daimler AG & Co.  
Gamma 4 OHG

Schönefeld, Germany 

Schönefeld, Germany 

Schönefeld, Germany 

Schönefeld, Germany 

Grundstücksverwaltungsgesellschaft EvoBus GmbH & Co. OHG

Schönefeld, Germany

Interleasing Luxembourg S.A.

Windhof, Luxembourg

Invema Assessoria Empresarial Eireli

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil

Koppieview Property (Pty) Ltd

LBBW AM – Daimler Re Insurance

Zwartkop, South Africa

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

LBBW AM – MBVEXW

LEONIE CORP DVB GmbH

LEONIE FS DVB GmbH

LEONIE FSM DVB GmbH

LEONIE TB DVB GmbH

Li-Tec Battery GmbH

Mascot Truck Parts Canada Ltd (2017)

Mascot Truck Parts USA LLC

MBarc Credit Canada Inc.

MDC Power GmbH

MDC Technology GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Kamenz, Germany

Mississauga, Canada

Wilmington, USA

Mississauga, Canada

Kölleda, Germany

Arnstadt, Germany

Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains Ltd

Brixworth, United Kingdom

Mercedes pay AG

Mercedes pay S.A.

Mercedes-AMG GmbH

Mercedes-Benz – Aluguer de Veículos, Lda.

Mercedes-Benz (China) Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz (Thailand) Limited

Mercedes-Benz AG

Mercedes-Benz Antwerpen N.V.

Mercedes-Benz Argentina S.A.U.

Mercedes-Benz Asia GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Assuradeuren B.V.

Mercedes-Benz Australia/Pacific Pty Ltd

Mercedes-Benz Auto Finance Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Auto Lease Trust 2017-A

Mercedes-Benz Auto Lease Trust 2018-A

Mercedes-Benz Auto Lease Trust 2018-B

Zug, Switzerland

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Affalterbach, Germany

Mem Martins, Portugal

Beijing, China

Bangkok, Thailand

Stuttgart, Germany

Antwerp, Belgium

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Stuttgart, Germany

Utrecht, Netherlands

Melbourne, Australia

Beijing, China

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

75.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7

5, 7 

5, 7 

5, 7 

5, 7 

5, 7

3

3

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

3

3

3

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     319

Mercedes-Benz Auto Lease Trust 2019-A

Mercedes-Benz Auto Lease Trust 2019-B

Mercedes-Benz Auto Receivables Trust 2015-1

Mercedes-Benz Auto Receivables Trust 2016-1

Mercedes-Benz Auto Receivables Trust 2018-1

Mercedes-Benz Auto Receivables Trust 2019-1

Mercedes-Benz Bank AG

Mercedes-Benz Bank GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Bank Polska S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Bank Rus OOO

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington , USA

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Wilmington, USA

Stuttgart, Germany

Eugendorf, Austria

Warsaw, Poland

Moscow, Russian Federation

Mercedes-Benz Bank Service Center GmbH

Berlin, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Banking Service GmbH

Saarbrücken, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Belgium Luxembourg S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Bordeaux S.A.S.

Brussels, Belgium

Begles, France

Mercedes-Benz Broker Argentina S.A.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Mercedes-Benz Broker Biztositási Alkusz Hungary Kft.

Budapest, Hungary

Mercedes-Benz Brooklands Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Canada Inc.

Toronto, Canada

Mercedes-Benz Capital Rus OOO

Moscow, Russian Federation

Mercedes-Benz Cars Ceská republika s.r.o.

Mercedes-Benz Cars Nederland B.V.

Mercedes-Benz Cars UK Limited

Mercedes-Benz CharterWay S.A.S.

Prague, Czech Republic

Utrecht, Netherlands

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

Mercedes-Benz CharterWay S.r.l.

Trent, Italy

Mercedes-Benz Compañía Financiera Argentina S.A.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Mercedes-Benz Connectivity Services GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Corretora de Seguros Ltda

Mercedes-Benz CPH A/S

Stuttgart, Germany

São Paulo, Brazil

Horsholm, Denmark

Mercedes-Benz Credit Pénzügyi Szolgáltató Hungary Zrt.

Budapest, Hungary

Mercedes-Benz Customer Solutions GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Danmark A/S

Mercedes-Benz Dealer Bedrijven B.V.

Copenhagen, Denmark

The Hague, Netherlands

Mercedes-Benz do Brasil Assessoria Comercial Ltda.

São Paulo, Brazil

Mercedes-Benz do Brasil Ltda.

Mercedes-Benz Drogenbos N.V.

Mercedes-Benz Espana, S.A.U.

Mercedes-Benz Europa NV/SA

Mercedes-Benz ExTra LLC

Mercedes-Benz Finance Co., Ltd.

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil

Drogenbos, Belgium

Alcobendas, Spain

Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium

Wilmington, USA

Tokyo, Japan

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Australia Pty. Ltd.

Melbourne, Australia

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Austria GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services BeLux NV

Eugendorf, Austria

Brussels, Belgium

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Canada Corporation

Mississauga, Canada

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Ceská republika s.r.o.

Prague, Czech Republic

3

3

3

3

3

3

5

5

5

5

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

99.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

99.98

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

95.01

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote 320     F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services España, E.F.C., S.A.

Alcobendas, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services France S.A.

Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Hong Kong Ltd.

Hong Kong, China

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Italia S.p.A.

Rome, Italy

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Korea Ltd.

Seoul, South Korea

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Nederland B.V.

Utrecht, Netherlands

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services New Zealand Ltd

Auckland, New Zealand

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Portugal – Sociedade Financeira 
de Crédito S.A.

Mem Martins, Portugal 

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Rus OOO

Moscow, Russian Federation

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Schweiz AG

Schlieren, Switzerland

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Slovakia s.r.o.

Bratislava, Slovakia

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd

Centurion, South Africa

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Sp. zo.o.

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Taiwan Ltd.

Warsaw, Poland

Taipei, Taiwan

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Financial Services USA LLC

Wilmington, USA

Mercedes-Benz Finans Danmark A/S

Copenhagen, Denmark

Mercedes-Benz Finans Sverige AB

Mercedes-Benz Finansal Kiralama Türk A.S.

Mercedes-Benz Finansman Türk A.S.

Malmö, Sweden

Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul, Turkey

Mercedes-Benz Formula E Limited

Brackley, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Försäljnings AB

Mercedes-Benz France S.A.S.

Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Hellas S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Hong Kong Limited

Mercedes-Benz India Private Limited

Mercedes-Benz Insurance Agency (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

Malmö, Sweden

Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany

Brackley, United Kingdom

Kifissia, Greece

Hong Kong, China

Pune, India

Beijing, China

Mercedes-Benz Insurance Broker S.R.L.

Voluntari, Romania

Mercedes-Benz Insurance Services Nederland B.V.

Utrecht, Netherlands

Mercedes-Benz Insurance Services Taiwan Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Investment Company LLC

Mercedes-Benz Italia S.p.A.

Mercedes-Benz Japan Co., Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Korea Limited

Mercedes-Benz Leasing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Leasing Co., Ltd.

Taipei, Taiwan

Wilmington, USA

Rome, Italy

Tokyo, Japan

Seoul, South Korea

Bangkok, Thailand

Beijing, China

Mercedes-Benz Leasing do Brasil Arrendamento Mercantil S.A.

Barueri, Brazil

Mercedes-Benz Leasing GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Leasing Hrvatska d.o.o.

Mercedes-Benz Leasing IFN S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Leasing Kft.

Mercedes-Benz Leasing Polska Sp. z o.o.

Stuttgart, Germany

Zagreb, Croatia

Bucharest, Romania

Budapest, Hungary

Warsaw, Poland

100.00

100.00

80.00

100.00

80.00

100.00

100.00

100.00 

100.00

100.00

75.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

65.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

5

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     321

Mercedes-Benz Leasing Taiwan Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Leasing Treuhand GmbH

Taipei, Taiwan

Stuttgart, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Ludwigsfelde GmbH

Ludwigsfelde, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.

Mercedes-Benz Manhattan, Inc.

Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing (Thailand) Limited

Puchong, Malaysia

Wilmington, USA

Bangkok, Thailand

Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Hungary Kft.

Kecskemét, Hungary

Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Poland Sp. z o.o.

Mercedes-Benz Master Owner Trust

Mercedes-Benz Mechelen N.V.

Mercedes-Benz Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Mercedes-Benz Minibus GmbH

Jawor, Poland

Wilmington, USA

Mechelen, Belgium

Mexico City, Mexico

Dortmund, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Mitarbeiter-Fahrzeuge Leasing GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Mercedes-Benz New Zealand Ltd

Mercedes-Benz Österreich GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Paris SAS

Auckland, New Zealand

Eugendorf, Austria

Port-Marly, France

Mercedes-Benz Parts Logistics Eastern Europe s.r.o.

Prague, Czech Republic

Mercedes-Benz Parts Logistics Ibérica, S.L.U.

Azuqueca de Henares, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Parts Logistics UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Parts Manufacturing & Services Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Polska Sp. z o.o.

Mercedes-Benz Portugal, S.A.

Mercedes-Benz PRAHA s.r.o.

Mercedes-Benz Renting, S.A.

Shanghai, China

Warsaw, Poland

Mem Martins, Portugal

Prague, Czech Republic

Alcobendas, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America, Inc.

Wilmington, USA

Mercedes-Benz Retail Belgium NV/SA

Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium

Mercedes-Benz Retail Group UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Retail, S.A.

Madrid, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Retail, Unipessoal Lda.

Mem Martins, Portugal

Mercedes-Benz Risk Solutions South Africa (Pty.) Ltd.

Centurion, South Africa

Mercedes-Benz Roma S.p.A.

Mercedes-Benz Romania S.R.L.

Mercedes-Benz Russia AO

Mercedes-Benz Schweiz AG

Mercedes-Benz Service Leasing S.R.L.

Rome, Italy

Bucharest, Romania

Moscow, Russian Federation

Schlieren, Switzerland

Bucharest, Romania

Mercedes-Benz Services Correduria de Seguros, S.A.

Alcobendas, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Services Malaysia Sdn Bhd

Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

Mercedes-Benz Sigorta Aracilik Hizmetleri A.S.

Mercedes-Benz Sosnowiec Sp. z o.o.

Mercedes-Benz South Africa Ltd

Mercedes-Benz Sverige AB

Mercedes-Benz Taiwan Ltd.

Istanbul, Turkey

Sosnowiec, Poland

Pretoria, South Africa

Malmö, Sweden

Taipei, Taiwan

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Belgium Luxembourg NV/SA

Brussels, Belgium

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Center Sint-Pieters-Leeuw NV/SA

Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, Belgium

5

5

3

5

5

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

100.00

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote 322     F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Ceská republika s.r.o.

Prague, Czech Republic

Mercedes-Benz Trucks España S.L.U.

Alcobendas, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Trucks France S.A.S.U

Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Italia S.r.l.

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Molsheim

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Nederland B.V.

MERCEDES-BENZ TRUCKS POLSKA SPÓŁKA Z OGRANICZONA 
ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA

Rome, Italy

Molsheim, France

Utrecht, Netherlands

Warsaw, Poland 

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Schweiz AG

Schlieren, Switzerland

Mercedes-Benz Trucks UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Türk A.S.

Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc.

Mercedes-Benz Ubezpieczenia Sp. z o.o.

Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC

Mercedes-Benz V.I. Lyon SAS

Mercedes-Benz V.I. Paris Ile de France SAS

Istanbul, Turkey

Vance, USA

Warsaw, Poland

Wilmington, USA

Genas, France

Wissous, France

Mercedes-Benz Vans Ceská republika s.r.o

Prague, Czech Republic

Mercedes-Benz Vans España, S.L.U.

Mercedes-Benz Vans Mobility GmbH

Madrid, Spain

Berlin, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Vans Nederland B.V.

Utrecht, Netherlands

Mercedes-Benz Vans UK Limited

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Mercedes-Benz Vans, LLC

Wilmington, USA

Mercedes-Benz Vermögens- und Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Versicherung AG

Mercedes-Benz Vertrieb NFZ GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Vertrieb PKW GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Vietnam Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Warszawa Sp. z o.o.

Mercedes-Benz Waterloo S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Wavre S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Wemmel N.V.

Mercedes-Benz Wholesale Receivables LLC

MFTA Canada, Inc.

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation

MITSUBISHI FUSO TRUCK EUROPE – Sociedade Europeia de 
Automóveis, S.A.

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Warsaw, Poland

Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium

Wavre, Belgium

Wemmel, Belgium

Wilmington, USA

Toronto, Canada

Kawasaki, Japan

Tramagal, Portugal 

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck of America, Inc.

Logan Township, USA

Multifleet G.I.E

P.T. Mercedes-Benz Indonesia

PT Daimler Commercial Vehicles Indonesia

Le Bourget, France

Bogor, Indonesia

Jakarta, Indonesia

PT Daimler Commercial Vehicles Manufacturing Indonesia

Bogor, Indonesia

PT Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia

Renting del Pacífico S.A.C.

Sandown Motor Holdings (Pty) Ltd

SelecTrucks of America LLC

Jakarta, Indonesia

Lima, Peru

Bryanston, South Africa

Portland, USA

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00 

100.00

100.00

66.91

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

70.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

89.29

100.00 

100.00

50.10

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

62.62

100.00

5

5

5

5

5

7

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     323

SelecTrucks of Toronto, Inc.

Silver Arrow Australia 2019-1

Silver Arrow Australia Trust 2019-1

Silver Arrow Canada GP Inc.

Silver Arrow Canada LP

Mississauga, Canada

Melbourne, Australia

Melbourne, Australia

Mississauga, Canada

Mississauga, Canada

SILVER ARROW CHINA 2017-2 RETAIL AUTO LOAN ASSET BACKED 
NOTES TRUST c/o CITIC TRUST CO., LTD.

Beijing, China 

SILVER ARROW CHINA 2018-1 RETAIL AUTO LOAN ASSET BACKED 
NOTES TRUST c/o FOTIC: China Foreign Economy and Trade Trust 
Co., LTD.

Beijing, China 

SILVER ARROW CHINA 2018-2 RETAIL AUTO LOAN ASSET BACKED 
NOTES TRUST c/o FOTIC: China Foreign Economy and Trade Trust 
Co., LTD.

Beijing, China 

SILVER ARROW CHINA 2019-1 RETAIL AUTO LOAN ASSET BACKED 
NOTES TRUST c/o FOTIC: China Foreign Economy and Trade Trust 
Co., LTD.

Beijing, China 

Silver Arrow Lease Facility Trust

Silver Arrow Merfina 2019-2 s.r.l.

Silver Arrow S.A.

Silver Arrow UK Trust 2018-1

smart France S.A.S.

smart Vertriebs gmbh

Special Lease Systems (SLS) B.V

Star Assembly SRL

Sterling Truck Corporation

Wilmington, USA

Milan, Italy

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Hambach, France

Berlin, Germany

Schiphol, Netherlands

Sebes, Romania

Portland, USA

Sumperská správa majetku k.s.

Prague, Czech Republic

Thomas Built Buses of Canada Limited

Thomas Built Buses, Inc.

TORC Robotics, Inc.

Trona Cogeneration Corporation

Ucafleet S.A.S

Calgary, Canada

High Point, USA

Baltimore, USA

Wilmington, USA

Le Bourget, France

Vierzehnte Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft DVB mbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Western Star Trucks Sales, Inc

Zuidlease B.V.

II. Unconsolidated subsidiaries2

Portland, USA

Sittard, Netherlands

Achtzehnte Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft DVB mbH

Stuttgart, Germany

AEG Olympia Office GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Anota Fahrzeug Service- und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH

Berlin, Germany

Circulo Cerrado S.A. de Ahorro para Fines Determinados

Buenos Aires, Argentina

CoROS Corp.

Cúspide GmbH

Daimler AG & Co. Anlagenverwaltung OHG

Daimler Automotive de Venezuela C.A.

Menlo Park, USA

Stuttgart, Germany

Schönefeld, Germany

Valencia, Venezuela

Daimler Brand & IP Management Verwaltung GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Daimler Commercial Vehicles (Thailand) Ltd.

Daimler Commercial Vehicles Africa Ltd.

Bangkok, Thailand

Nairobi, Kenya

3

3

3 

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

5

7

5

7

100.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

75.61

100.00

65.00

100.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

73.53

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote  
 
 
 
 
 
324     F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Daimler Commercial Vehicles MENA FZE

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Daimler Financial Services UK Trustees Ltd.

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Daimler Gastronomie GmbH

Esslingen am Neckar, Germany

Daimler Group Services Berlin GmbH

Berlin, Germany

Daimler Group Services Madrid, S.A.U.

San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain

Daimler Innovation Technology (China) Co., Ltd.

Beijing, China

Daimler International Assignment Services USA, LLC

Wilmington, USA

Daimler Mitarbeiter Wohnfinanz GmbH

Daimler Pensionsfonds AG

Daimler Protics GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany

Daimler Purchasing Coordination Corp.

Wilmington, USA

Daimler Truck Verwaltungsgesellschaft für Grundbesitz mbH

Schönefeld, Germany

Daimler Trucks Asia Taiwan Ltd.

Daimler TSS GmbH

Daimler UK Share Trustee Ltd.

Daimler UK Trustees Limited

Taipei, Taiwan

Ulm, Germany

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Daimler Unterstützungskasse GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Deutsche Accumotive Verwaltungs-GmbH

Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany

Dreizehnte Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft DVB mbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Dritte Vermögensverwaltung PV GmbH

DTB Tech & Data Hub, Unipessoal Lda

EvoBus Reunion S. A.

EvoBus Russland OOO

EXOKNOX GmbH

Fleetboard Logistics GmbH

LAB1886 GmbH

Lab1886 USA LLC

Lapland Car Test Aktiebolag

LEONIE DMS DVB GmbH

Stuttgart, Germany

Tramagal, Portugal

Le Port, France

Moscow, Russian Federation

Stuttgart, Germany

Volkach, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Wilmington, USA

Arvidsjaur, Sweden

Stuttgart, Germany

MB GTC GmbH Mercedes-Benz Gebrauchtteile Center

Neuhausen auf den Fildern, Germany

MBition GmbH

Mercedes Benz Otomotiv Ticaret ve Hizmetler A.S.

Berlin, Germany

Istanbul, Turkey

Mercedes-Benz Adm. Consorcios Ltda.

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil

Mercedes-Benz Camiones y Buses Argentina SAU.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Mercedes-Benz CarMesh GmbH

Berlin, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans Brasil – Indústria e Comércio De 
Veículos Ltda.

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil

Mercedes-Benz Cars Middle East FZE

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Mercedes-Benz Consulting GmbH

Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Customer Assistance Center Maastricht N.V.

Maastricht, Netherlands

Mercedes-Benz Egypt S.A.E.

Mercedes-Benz Energy GmbH

Mercedes-Benz G GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Group Services Phils., Inc.

Mercedes-Benz Hungária Kft.

New Cairo, Egypt

Kamenz, Germany

Raaba, Austria

Cebu City, Philippines

Budapest, Hungary

6

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

96.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

66.91

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     325

Mercedes-Benz IDC Europe S.A.S.

Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing and Import Egypt

Valbonne, France

New Cairo, Egypt

Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Rus Ltd

Moscow, Russian Federation

Mercedes-Benz Mobility Korea Ltd.

Mercedes-Benz Museum GmbH

Mercedes-Benz OD GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Project Consult GmbH

Seoul, South Korea

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Mercedes-Benz Research & Development Tel Aviv Ltd.

Tel Aviv, Israel

Mercedes-Benz Research and Development India Private Limited

Bangalore, India

Mercedes-Benz Servicios S.A.U

Mercedes-Benz Slovakia s.r.o.

Mercedes-Benz Subscription Services USA LLC

Mercedes-Benz Trucks & Buses Romania S.R.L.

Mercedes-Benz Trucks MENA Holding GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Österreich GmbH

Mercedes-Benz Trucks Portugal S.A.

Mercedes-Benz Vans Mobility S.L.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Bratislava, Slovakia

Wilmington, USA

Bucharest, Romania

Stuttgart, Germany

Eugendorf, Austria

Sintra, Portugal

Alcobendas, Spain

Mercedes-Benz Vehículos Comerciales Argentina SAU i.L.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Mercedes-Benz Venezuela S.A.

Mercedes-Benz.io GmbH

Mercedes-Benz.io Portugal Unipessoal Lda.

Valencia, Venezuela

Stuttgart, Germany

Lisbon, Portugal

MercedesService Card Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH

Kleinostheim, Germany

Mitsubishi Fuso Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Toyama, Japan

Montajes y Estampaciones Metálicas, S.L.

Esparraguera, Spain

NAG Nationale Automobil-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft

Stuttgart, Germany

PABCO Co., Ltd.

Porcher & Meffert Grundstücksgesellschaft mbH & Co.  
Stuttgart OHG

Ebina, Japan

Schönefeld, Germany

R.T.C. Management Company Limited

Banbury, United Kingdom

RepairSmith, Inc.

El Segundo, USA

Sechste Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft Zeus mbH

Stuttgart, Germany

SelecTrucks Comércio de Veículos Ltda

SportChassis LLC

Star Transmission srl

STARKOM, proizvodnja in trgovina d.o.o.

T.O.C (Schweiz) AG

trapoFit GmbH

Vierte Vermögensverwaltung PV GmbH

Zweite Vermögensverwaltung PV GmbH

Mauá, Brazil

Clinton, USA

Cugir, Romania

Maribor, Slovenia

Schlieren, Switzerland

Chemnitz, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Zweite Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft Zeus mbH

Stuttgart, Germany

100.00

100.00

80.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

88.89

100.00

100.00

100.00

0.00

100.00

100.00

51.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

4

7

3

III. Joint operations accounted for using proportionate consolidation

Cooperation Manufacturing Plant Aguascalientes, S.A.P.I de C.V.

Aguascalientes, Mexico

54.01

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote 326     F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

IV. Joint operations accounted for using the equity method

North America Fuel Systems Remanufacturing LLC

Kentwood, USA

V. Joint ventures accounted for using the equity method

Beijing Foton Daimler Automotive Co., Ltd

Blitz 18-353 GmbH

Daimler Kamaz Trucks Holding GmbH

Enbase Power GmbH

Fujian Benz Automotive Co., Ltd.

IONITY Holding GmbH & Co. KG

MB Service Japan Co., Ltd.

Polomex, S.A. de C.V.

SelecTrucks of Atlanta LLC

SelecTrucks of Houston LLC

SelecTrucks of Houston Wholesale LLC

Beijing, China

Munich, Germany

Vienna, Austria

Munich, Germany

Fuzhou, China

Munich, Germany

Hitachi, Japan

Garcia, Mexico

McDonough, USA

Houston, USA

Houston, USA

SelecTrucks of Omaha LLC

Council Bluffs, USA

Shenzhen DENZA New Energy Automotive Co. Ltd.

Shenzhen, China

ViaVan Technologies B.V.

Wagenplan B.V.

Wei Xing Tech. Co., Ltd.

VI. Associated companies accounted for using the equity method

BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd.

Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd.

Blacklane GmbH

Bolt Technology OÜ

FUSO LAND TRANSPORT & Co. Ltd.

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Almere, Netherlands

Hangzhou, China

Beijing, China

Beijing, China

Berlin, Germany

Tallinn, Estonia

Kawasaki, Japan

KAMAZ PAO

Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation

Kanagawa Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Sales Co., Ltd.

Yokohama, Japan

LSH Auto International Limited

Mobility Trader Holding GmbH

Hong Kong, China

Berlin, Germany

Okayama Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Sales Co., Ltd.

Okayamashi, Japan

P.T. Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motors

Jakarta, Indonesia

P.T. Mitsubishi Krama Yudha Motors and Manufacturing

Jakarta, Indonesia

There Holding B.V.

Toll4Europe GmbH

Verimi GmbH

Via Transportation Inc.

Rijswijk, Netherlands

Berlin, Germany

Berlin, Germany

New York, USA

VII. Joint operations, joint ventures, associated companies and substantial other investments 
accounted for at (amortized) cost2

AFCC Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation Corp.

BDF IP Holdings Ltd.

Beijing Mercedes-Benz Sales Service Co., Ltd.

ChargePoint Inc.

Burnaby, Canada

Burnaby, Canada

Beijing, China

Campbell, USA

8

50.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

25.10

50.00

25.00

33.40

26.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

50.00

9.55

49.00

30.57

9.44

21.67

15.00

43.83

15.00

20.00

50.00

30.00

32.28

29.71

15.00

14.79

12.20

50.10

33.00

51.00

5.74

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote F | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     327

COBUS Industries GmbH

Esslinger Wohnungsbau GmbH

European Center for Information and Communication 
Technologies ‒ EICT GmbH

EvoBus Hungária Kereskedelmi Kft.

Gottapark, Inc.

Wiesbaden, Germany

Esslingen am Neckar, Germany

Berlin, Germany

Budapest, Hungary

San Francisco, USA

Grundstücksgesellschaft Schlossplatz 1 mbH & Co. KG

Berlin, Germany

H2 Mobility Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG

hap2U SAS

Laureus World Sports Awards Limited

MercedesService Card GmbH & Co. KG

MFTB Taiwan Co., Ltd.

Momenta Global Limited

Berlin, Germany

Pontcharra, France

London, United Kingdom

Kleinostheim, Germany

Taipei, Taiwan

Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands

National Automobile Industry Company Ltd.

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Omuta Unso Co., Ltd.

Ohmuta, Japan

PDB – Partnership for Dummy Technology and Biomechanics GbR

Ingolstadt, Germany

Proterra Inc.

Rally Bus Corp.

REV Coach LLC

Sila Nanotechnologies Inc.

SK Gaming Beteiligungs GmbH

smart Automobile Co., Ltd.

smart-BRABUS GmbH

STARCAM s.r.o.

TASIAP GmbH

tiramizoo GmbH

Toyo Kotsu Co., Ltd.

Turo Inc.

VfB Stuttgart 1893 AG

Volocopter GmbH

what3words Ltd.

Burlingame, USA

New York, USA

Wilmington, USA

Dover, USA

Cologne, Germany

Ningbo, China

Bottrop, Germany

Most, Czech Republic

Stuttgart, Germany

Munich, Germany

Sannoseki, Japan

San Francisco, USA

Stuttgart, Germany

Bruchsal, Germany

London, United Kingdom

7

7

40.82

26.57

25.00

33.33

18.09

18.37

2.90

34.59

50.00

51.00

33.40

5.10

26.00

33.51

20.00

6.22

15.13

20.00

11.66

33.33

50.00

50.00

51.00

60.00

15.95

28.20

5.17

11.75

10.17

10.95

1  Shareholding pursuant to Section 16 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG)
2  For the accounting of unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint operations, joint ventures and associated companies we refer to Note 1.
3  Control due to economic circumstances
4  In liquidation
5  Qualification for exemption pursuant to Section 264 Subsection 3 and Section 264b of the German Commercial Code (HGB)
6  Control over the investment of the assets. No consolidation of the assets due to the contractual situation.
7  Daimler AG or one respectively several consolidated subsidiaries are the partners with unlimited liability.
  Furthermore, Daimler AG or one respectively several consolidated subsidiaries are the partners with unlimited liability in  

MOST Cooperation GbR i.L., Karlsruhe (Germany).

8  In January 2020, the company was renamed YOUR NOW Holding GmbH.

 Name of the Company Domicile, Country Capital share  in %1Footnote G

 Further
Information

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | CONTENTS  329

G | Further Information

Responsibility Statement 
Independent Auditor’s Report 
Ten-Year Summary 
Glossary 
Index 
Daimler Worldwide 

330

331

340

342

343

344

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330  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT

Responsibility Statement

To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with the 
applicable reporting principles, the consolidated financial 
 statements give a true and fair view of the financial position, 
cash flows and profit or loss of the Group, and the Group  
management report, which has been combined with the  
management report for Daimler AG, includes a fair review of 
the development and performance of the business and  
the position of the Group, together with a description of the  
principal opportunities and risks associated with the  
expected development of the Group.

Stuttgart, February 19, 2020 

Ola Källenius

Martin Daum

Renata Jungo Brüngger 

Wilfried Porth

Markus Schäfer

Britta Seeger 

Hubertus Troska 

Harald Wilhelm

 
G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  331

Independent Auditor’s Report

To: Daimler AG, Stuttgart

Report on the Audit of the Consolidated 
 Financial Statements and of the Combined 
 Management Report

Audit opinions
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of 
Daimler AG, Stuttgart, and its subsidiaries (the Group), which 
comprise the consolidated statement of financial position 
as of December 31, 2019, and the consolidated statement of 
income, consolidated statement of comprehensive income/
loss, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consol-
idated statement of cash flows for the financial year from 
January 1 to December 31, 2019, as well as notes to the con-
solidated financial statements, including a summary of signifi-
cant accounting policies. In addition, we have audited the 
combined management report for the financial year from Jan-
uary 1 to December 31, 2019. In accordance with the German 
legal regulations, we have not audited the content of the ele-
ments of the combined management report referred to in the 
“Other information” section of our auditor’s report.

The combined management report includes cross-references 
not foreseen by law that are marked as unaudited. In accor-
dance with the German legal regulations, we have not audited 
the content of these cross-references and the information to 
which these cross-references relate.

In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained in the 
audit

–   the accompanying consolidated financial statements com-

ply, in all material respects, with the IFRSs as adopted by the 
EU, and the additional requirements of German commercial 
law pursuant to Section 315e paragraph 1 HGB [Handels-
gesetzbuch: German Commercial Code] and, in compliance 
with these requirements, give a true and fair view of the 
assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group as of 
December 31, 2019, and of its financial performance for the 
financial year from January 1 to December 31, 2019, and

–   the accompanying combined management report as a whole 
provides an appropriate view of the Group’s position. In all 
material respects, the combined management report is con-
sistent with the consolidated financial statements, complies 
with German legal requirements and appropriately presents 
the opportunities and risks of future development. Our opin-
ion on the combined management report does not cover the 
elements of the combined management report referred to in 
the “Other information” section of our auditor’s report. The 
combined management report includes cross-references not 
foreseen by law that are marked as unaudited. Our opinion 
does not cover these cross-references and the information 
to which these cross-references relate.

Pursuant to Section 322 paragraph 3 sentence 1 HGB, we 
declare that our audit has not led to any reservations relating 
to the legal compliance of the consolidated financial state-
ments and of the combined management report.

Key Audit Matters in the Audit of the 
 Consolidated Financial Statements

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional 
judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consoli-
dated financial statements for the financial year from January 1 
to December 31, 2019. These matters were addressed in the 
context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements 
as a whole, and, in forming our opinion thereon, we do not pro-
vide a separate opinion on these matters.

332  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Basis for the Opinions
We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial state-
ments and of the combined management report in accordance 
with Section 317 HGB and EU Audit Regulation (No. 537/2014; 
referred to subsequently as the “EU Audit Regulation”) and 
in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for 
Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der 
Wirtschaftsprüfer [Institute of Public Auditors in Germany]
(IDW). We performed the audit of the consolidated financial 
statements in supplementary compliance with the Interna-
tional Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under 
those requirements, principles and standards are further 
described in the “Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements and of the Combined 
Management Report” section of our auditor’s report. We are 
independent of the group entities in accordance with the 
requirements of European law and German commercial and 
professional law, and we have fulfilled our other German pro-
fessional responsibilities in accordance with these require-
ments. In addition, in accordance with Article 10 paragraph 2 
letter f) of the EU Audit Regulation, we declare that we have 
not provided non-audit services prohibited under Article 5 
paragraph 1 of the EU Audit Regulation. We believe that the 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to 
provide a basis for our opinions on the consolidated financial 
statements and on the combined management report.

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  333

Loss Allowances on Receivables from Financial 
Services

Please refer with regard to the accounting policies and methods 
applied to the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
E Note 2 “Accounting estimates and management judge-
ments”. Further information on allowances on receivables from 
financial services can be found in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements in E Note 1 “Significant Accounting Poli-
cies”, in E Note 14 “Receivables from financial services”, 
in E Note 33 “Management of financial risks” and in the 
comments in the combined management report in the section 
entitled “Industry and business risks and opportunities”.

The Risk for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Receivables from financial services (€ 103,661 million) resulting 
from the Group’s financing and leasing activities include 
receivables from sales financing with customers, receivables 
from sales financing with dealers and receivables from  
finance lease contracts. The allowances on these receivables 
amounted at the balance sheet date to € 1,308 million.

The calculation of the loss allowances is based on expected 
credit losses and therefore also includes expectations regard-
ing the future. Recognition of the expected credit losses is  
carried out by means of a three-parameter procedure for the 
determination of loss allowances. The following is among other 
things taken into account in this connection: various factors 
determining the value, such as the determination of statistical 
default probabilities and loss rates, the possible receivable 
amount on default, the parameter transfer criteria that are 
related to a significant change in the default risk of borrowers, 
and the calculation of future cash flows. Furthermore, macro-
economic scenarios flow into the calculation, the identification 
of which to a high degree includes discretionary judgments 
and uncertainties.

The risk for the financial statements is that the credit-worthi-
ness of customers and future cash flows is misjudged or  
that the calculation of the risk provision parameter is incorrect 
so that allowances are not recognized or are insufficient.

Impairment Risk on Operating Leases

Please refer with regard to the accounting policies and methods 
applied to the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
E Note 1 “Significant accounting policies” and E Note 2 
“Accounting estimates and management judgments”. Further 
information on the operating leases can be found in the notes 
to the consolidated financial statements in E Note 12  
“Equipment on operating leases” and in the comments in the 
combined management report in the section entitled “Indus-
try and business risks and opportunities”.

The Risk for the Consolidated Financial Statements
The balance sheet caption “Equipment on operating leases” 
(€ 51,482 million) comprises among other things  Mercedes- 
Benz passenger cars, which are purchased by non-group deal-
ers or other third parties and are the subject of an operating 
lease with the Daimler Group. An impairment loss exists with 
regard to these vehicles that is primarily dependent on the 
residual value achievable at the end of the lease. These future 
residual values are dependent on the situation in the used 
vehicle markets prevailing when the vehicles are returned. The 
future-oriented valuation is based on a number of discretionary 
assumptions. The risk for the financial statements is that any 
impairment losses will not be recognized or that the amounts 
recognized will be inadequate.

Our Audit Approach
We audited the recoverability of the Mercedes-Benz passenger 
cars purchased externally in the balance sheet caption “Equip-
ment on operating leases”. We investigated and appraised the 
indications assumed by the Group for any need for an impair-
ment loss and where necessary obtained an understanding of 
the write-downs calculated by Daimler. We have assessed 
Daimler’s evaluation with regard to the residual values achiev-
able by the end of the terms of the leases. In this connection, 
we in particular critically reviewed the main influencing factors, 
such as the expected number of returns from leasing, the  
current marketing results in order to assess the accuracy of the 
estimates and future vehicle model changes. For significant 
markets we furthermore also audited the consistency of the 
assumptions made by Daimler with residual value forecasts by 
independent expert third parties.

Our Observations
The assumptions and assessments providing the basis for the 
assessment of the recoverability of the externally purchased 
Mercedes-Benz passenger cars in the statement of financial 
position caption “Equipment on operating leases” and the 
recorded impairment losses are appropriate.

334  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Our Audit Approach
We obtained a comprehensive understanding of the develop-
ment of the portfolios, the associated counterparty default 
risks and the processes for identifying, managing, monitoring 
and measuring credit risks by inspecting analyses and risk 
reports, interrogations, review of guidelines and working 
instructions, checking the defined methods and their imple-
mentation and checking and walking through the validation 
process and the validation reports based on samples.

We audited the appropriateness and effectiveness of the inter-
nal control system with regard to the risk classification  
process and risk models and the identification of the factors 
determining the value and the loss allowances, also by 
rechecking the calculations. To this end, we also evaluated the 
relevant IT systems and internal procedures. In addition to  
the audit by our IT specialists of the propriety of the IT systems 
affected and related interfaces to ensure the completeness  
and correctness of the data, the audit also included the audit of 
automatic controls for data entry and data processing. The 
main focus of our audit was the evaluation of the methodical 
approach in the determination of risk categories, default prob-
abilities and loss rates that are derived from historical data. 
We obtained an understanding of this based on a risk-oriented 
selection of credit portfolios. We satisfied ourselves with 
regard to the appropriateness of significant risk parameters 
based on the results of a validation performed by Daimler 
Mobility and evaluated the adjustments of the parameters to 
the current market situation. In this connection, we further-
more audited the data supporting the validations on the basis 
of a conscious sample. In addition, we satisfied ourselves in 
conjunction with a conscious sample of individual cases that 
the risk classification is correct and that the amount of the cal-
culated specific allowance is appropriate.

Our Observations
The methodical approach, the procedures and the processes 
to calculate the impairment losses and the assumptions and 
risk parameters flowing into the measurement are appropriate 
to identify the credit risks in good time and to determine the 
recognition of adequate impairment losses.

Measurement of the Provision for 
Product Warranties

Please refer with regard to the accounting policies and methods 
applied to the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
in E Note 2 “Accounting estimates and management judge-
ments”. Further information on the guarantees and product 
warranties can be found in the notes to the consolidated finan-
cial statements E Note 23 “Provisions for other risks” and 
in the comments in the combined management report in the 
section entitled “Company-specific risks and opportunities – 
Warranty and goodwill cases”.

The Risk for the Consolidated Financial Statements
The provision for product warranties amounts to € 8,708 mil-
lion and is included in the provisions for other risks.

Daimler faces various claims under product guarantees, or 
grants various kinds of product warranties, which are entered 
into for the error-free functioning of a Daimler product sold  
or service rendered over a defined period of time. In order to 
confirm or reassess future guarantee, warranty and goodwill 
expenses, continuously updated information on the nature and 
volume and the remedying of faults that have occurred is 
recorded and analyzed at the level of the business unit, model 
series, damage key and sales year.

Significant uncertainty for the calculation of the provision 
arises with regard to the future loss event. The risk for the  
consolidated financial statements is that the provision is not 
properly measured.

Our Audit Approach
Our audit procedures included among other things the evalua-
tion of the process to calculate the provision for product  
warranties and the evaluation of the relevant assumptions and 
their derivation for the measurement of the provision. These 
include primarily assumptions on expected susceptibility  
to and the course of damage, and in addition the monetary 
value of the damage per vehicle based on actual warranty, 
guarantee and goodwill losses. Based on historical analyses, 
we assessed the accuracy of the forecasts of past warranty, 
guarantee and goodwill costs. We also checked that updated 
assessments of the future repair costs and procedures were 
taken into account. We obtained an understanding for the 
underlying numbers of vehicles through the actual unit sales.

Our Observations
The calculation methods and the assumptions made are 
 appropriate.

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  335

b) Diesel emission behavior: administrative proceedings
Various federal and state authorities and further institutions 
worldwide have made inquiries and/or have carried out investi-
gations and/or proceedings and/or have issued directives,  
or, in the case of the Stuttgart district attorney’s office, issued 
an administrative order imposing a fine. These relate in partic-
ular to test results and emissions control systems in  Mercedes- 
Benz diesel vehicles and/or the interaction of the Company 
with the relevant state and federal authorities as well as related 
legal issues and implications, including those under applicable 
environmental, securities and criminal and antitrust laws.

c) Antitrust proceedings (including actions for damages)
Following the imposition of a fine by the European Commission 
against Daimler AG and other truck manufacturers in July 2016, 
truck customers have raised damage claims against Daimler AG.

Since July 25, 2017, several class action lawsuits have been 
filed in the USA and in Canada against Daimler AG and other 
automobile manufacturers and several of their North Ameri-
can subsidiaries. The plaintiffs claim to have suffered losses 
because it is alleged that the defendants have engaged since 
the nineteen-nineties in anticompetitive behavior with regard 
to motor vehicle technology, costs, suppliers, markets and 
other anticompetitive matters, including diesel exhaust 
cleansing technology.

Daimler AG already filed an application for immunity (“leniency 
application”) some time ago with the European Commission.  
In 2018, the European Commission launched a formal investi-
gation into possible collusion regarding emission reduction 
systems. In connection with this investigation, the European 
Commission forwarded a statement of objections to Daimler 
and other automobile manufacturers in April 2019.

The recognition and measurement of the provisions set up for 
the legal proceedings are based on discretionary assessments 
and assumptions by the legal representatives.

The risk for the consolidated financial statements is that provi-
sions for legal proceedings are not set up or are inadequate.

Accounting Treatment of Legal Proceedings

Please refer with regard to the accounting policies and methods 
applied to the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
in E Note 2 “Accounting estimates and management judge-
ments”. Further information on the legal proceedings can 
be found in the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
E Note 23 “Provision for other risks” and E Note 30 
“Legal proceedings” and in the comments in the combined 
management report in the section entitled “Risks from 
 guarantees, legal and tax risks – legal risks”

The Risk for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Daimler is confronted by various legal proceedings, claims and 
governmental investigations and administrative orders (legal 
proceedings) on a wide range of topics, including for example 
vehicle safety, emissions, fuel economy, financial services, 
dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships, intellectual 
property rights, product warranties, environmental matters, 
antitrust matters (including actions for damages) and share-
holder matters. Legal proceedings relating to products deal 
with claims on account of alleged vehicle defects. Some of 
these claims are asserted by way of class action lawsuits.  
If the outcome of such legal proceedings is detrimental to 
 Daimler AG, the Company may be required to pay substantial 
compensatory and punitive damages or to undertake service 
actions, recall campaigns, monetary penalties or other costly 
actions.

Whether the recognition of a provision and, if so, in what 
amount it is necessary on account of legal proceedings is 
dependent to a high degree on discretionary estimates  
and assumptions by the legal representatives. In view of this 
and the monetary amounts involved with regard to the risks,  
the following legal proceedings of Daimler are in our opinion  
of particular importance.

a) Diesel emission behavior: class action and other lawsuits  
in the USA, Canada and Germany
The use of devices that impermissibly impair the effectiveness 
of emission control systems in reducing nitrogen-oxide  
(NOX) emissions and which are supposed to cause excessive 
emissions from vehicles with diesel engines is alleged in  
consumer class action lawsuits in the USA and Canada and in 
a lawsuit of the State of Arizona. In addition, the plaintiffs 
claim that consumers were deliberately misled in connection 
with the advertising for Mercedes-Benz diesel vehicles. Fur-
thermore, it is alleged in one of these class action lawsuits 
that Daimler had conspired with a component supplier in 
order to deceive U.S. supervisory authorities and consumers.

In Germany, a large number of lawsuits from investors are fur-
thermore pending on account of the alleged violation of disclo-
sure requirements. The plaintiffs claim that Daimler failed to 
publish insider knowledge immediately in connection with the 
emission behavior of its diesel vehicles and in addition issued 
erroneous and misleading statements. They furthermore claim 
that the purchase price of their Daimler shares would have 
been lower if Daimler had reported in accordance with its obli-
gations.

336  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Our Audit Approach
Our audit procedures comprised firstly an evaluation of the 
process established by the Company to ensure the recording, 
the estimation of the outcome of the proceedings and the 
reflection in the annual financial statements of the legal pro-
ceedings. Secondly, we held discussions with the internal legal 
department and with further departments familiar with the 
matters under dispute and the Company’s external advisors 
and attorneys, in order to obtain explanations on the develop-
ments and the reasons that had led to the respective estima-
tions. In addition, we reviewed the underlying documents and 
minutes. As of the reporting date, assessments were available 
from external attorneys, which support the assessment of the 
risks by the legal representatives.

Our Observations
The discretionary assessments and assumptions are appro-
priate.

Other Information
The legal representatives and the Supervisory Board are 
responsible for the other information. The other information 
comprises the following elements of the combined manage-
ment report, the content of which we have not audited:

–   the combined declaration on corporate management, which 

is referred to in the combined management report, and

–   the combined separate nonfinancial report, which is referred 

to in the combined management report.

Finally, we evaluated the appropriateness of the description of 
the aforementioned legal proceedings in the notes to the con-
solidated financial statements.

The other information also includes the remaining parts of the 
annual report.

The other information does not include the consolidated finan-
cial statements, the audited disclosures in the management 
report and our related auditor’s report.

Our opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on 
the combined management report do not cover the other infor-
mation, and consequently we do not express an opinion or any 
other form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit, our responsibility is to read 
the other information and, in so doing, to consider whether the 
other information

–   is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial 
statements, the audited disclosures in the management 
report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or

–   otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that 
there is a material misstatement of this other information, we 
are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in 
this regard.

As instructed, we have performed a separate business man-
agement review of the combined separate non-financial state-
ment. Please refer with regard to the nature, scope and results 
of this business management review to our audit opinion dated 
February 19, 2020.

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  337

Responsibilities of the Legal Representatives and 
the Supervisory Board for the Consolidated Financial 
Statements and the Combined Management Report
The legal representatives are responsible for the preparation of 
the consolidated financial statements that comply, in all mate-
rial respects, with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and the addi-
tional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to 
Section 315e paragraph 1 HGB and that the consolidated finan-
cial statements, in compliance with these requirements, give a 
true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position 
and financial performance of the Group. In addition, the legal 
representatives are responsible for such internal control as 
they have determined necessary to enable the preparation of 
consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements and of the Combined Management 
Report
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about 
whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error, and whether the combined management report as a 
whole provides an appropriate view of the Group´s position 
and, in all material respects, is consistent with the consoli-
dated financial statements and the knowledge obtained in the 
audit, complies with the German legal requirements and appro-
priately presents the opportunities and risks of future develop-
ment, as well as to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinions on the consolidated financial statements and on the 
combined management report.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the legal 
representatives are responsible for assessing the Group’s abil-
ity to continue as a going concern. They are also responsible  
for disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern. 
In addition, they are responsible for financial reporting based 
on the going concern basis of accounting unless there is an 
intention to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or there 
is no realistic alternative but to do so.

Furthermore, the legal representatives are responsible for the 
preparation of the combined management report that, as a 
whole, provides an appropriate view of the Group`s position 
and is, in all material respects, consistent with the consoli-
dated financial statements, complies with German legal 
requirements, and appropriately presents the opportunities 
and risks of future development. In addition, the legal repre-
sentatives are responsible for such arrangements and mea-
sures (systems) as they have considered necessary to enable 
the preparation of a combined management report that is in 
accordance with the applicable German legal requirements, 
and to be able to provide sufficient appropriate evidence for 
the assertions in the combined management report.

The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing the 
Group’s financial reporting process for the preparation of 
the consolidated financial statements and the combined 
 management report.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a 
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Section 
317 HGB and the EU Audit Regulation and in compliance with 
German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement 
Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) 
and supplementary compliance with the ISAs will always 
detect a material misstatement. Misstatements can arise from 
fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in 
the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
consolidated financial statements and this combined manage-
ment report.

We exercise professional judgment and maintain professional 
skepticism throughout the audit. We also

–   identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of  

the consolidated financial statements and of the combined 
management report, whether due to fraud or error, design  
and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to 
provide a basis for our opinions. The risk of not detecting a 
material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than  
for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, 
forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the 
override of internal control.

–   obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the 

audit of the consolidated financial statements and of 
arrangements and measures (systems) relevant to the audit 
of the combined management report in order to design audit 
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but 
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effec-
tiveness of these systems.

338  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

–   evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used by 
management and the reasonableness of estimates made by 
management and related disclosures.

–   evaluate the consistency of the combined management 

report with the consolidated financial statements, its confor-
mity with [German] law, and the view of the Group’s position 
it provides.

–   conclude on the appropriateness of the use by the legal rep-
resentatives of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material 
uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may 
cast significant doubt on the Group`s ability to continue as a 
going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty 
exists, we are required to draw attention in the auditor’s 
report to the related disclosures in the cosolidated financial 
statements and in the combined management report or, if 
such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our respective 
opinions. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence 
obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, 
future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to 
be able to continue as a going concern.

–   evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of 
the consolidated financial statements, including the disclo-
sures, and whether the consolidated financial statements 
present the underlying transactions and events in a manner 
that the consolidated financial statements give a true and 
fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and finan-
cial performance of the Group in compliance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the EU and the additional requirements of Ger-
man commercial law pursuant to Section 315e paragraph 1 
HGB.

–   obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the 
financial information of the entities or business activities 
within the Group to express opinions on the consolidated 
financial statements and on the combined management 
report. We are responsible for the direction, supervision 
and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our opinions.

–   perform audit procedures on the prospective information 

presented by the legal representatives in the combined man-
agement report. On the basis of sufficient appropriate audit 
evidence, we evaluate, in particular, the significant assump-
tions used by the legal representatives as a basis for the pro-
spective information, and evaluate the proper derivation of 
the prospective information from these assumptions. We do 
not express a separate opinion on the prospective informa-
tion and on the assumptions used as a basis. There is a sub-
stantial unavoidable risk that future events will differ materi-
ally from the prospective information.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, 
among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit 
and significant audit findings, including any significant deficien-
cies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement 
that we have complied with the relevant independence require-
ments, and communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our indepen-
dence, and where applicable, the related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with gov-
ernance, we determine those matters that were of most signifi-
cance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of 
the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.  
We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless laws 
or other legal regulations preclude public disclosure of the 
matter.

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT  339

Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements

Further Information pursuant to Article 10 of the EU Audit 
Regulation
We were elected as group auditor by the Annual Shareholders’ 
Meeting on May 22, 2019. We were engaged by the Supervi-
sory Board on June 24, 2019. We have been the group auditor 
of Daimler AG without interruption since the financial 
year 1998.

We declare that the opinions expressed in this auditor’s report 
are consistent with the additional report to the audit commit-
tee pursuant to Article 11 of the EU Audit Regulation (long-form 
audit report).

German Public Auditor Responsible for the Engagement
The German Public Auditor responsible for the engagement is 
Dr. Axel Thümler.

Stuttgart, February 19, 2020

KPMG AG
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
(Original German version signed by:)

Sailer 
Wirtschaftsprüfer 
(German Public Auditor) 

Dr. Thümler
Wirtschaftsprüfer
(German Public Auditor)

340  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | TEN-YEAR SUMMARY

Ten-Year Summary

G.01

€ amounts in millions

From the statements of income

Revenue
Personnel expenses1
Research and development expenditure2 

thereof capitalized

EBIT1
Operating margin (%)1
Profit (loss) before income taxes1
Net operating profit (loss)1
as % of net assets (RONA)1, 3
Net profit (loss)1
Net profit (loss) per share (€)1
Diluted net profit (loss) per share (€)1

Total dividend

Dividend per share (€)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

20174

2018

2019

97,761 106,540 114,297 117,982 129,872 149,467 153,261 164,154 167,362 172,745
16,454

22,186

19,607

21,141

18,753

18,002

20,949

22,432

17,424

22,657

4,849

1,373

7,274

7.4

6,628

5,120

17.5

4,674

4.28

4.28

1,971

1.85

5,634

1,460

8,755

8.2

8,449

6,240

19.9

6,029

5.32

5.31

2,346

2.20

5,644

1,465

8,820

7.7

8,116

7,302

19.6

6,830

6.02

6.02

2,349

2.20

5,489

1,284

5,680

1,148

6,564

1,804

7,572

2,315

8,711

2,773

9,107

2,526

10,815

10,752

13,186

12,902

14,348

11,132

9.2

8.3

8.8

8.4

8.7

6.7

10,139

10,173

12,744

12,574

13,967

10,595

9,173

22.6

8,720

6.40

6.40

2,407

2.25

7,678

18.8

7,290

6.51

6.51

2,621

2.45

9,007

20.1

8,711

7.87

7.87

3,477

3.25

9,007

10,880

19.1

22.5

8,784

10,617

7.97

7.97

3,477

3.25

9.61

9.61

3,905

3.65

7,963

14.8

7,582

6.78

6.78

3,477

3.25

From the statements of financial position   

Property, plant and equipment

17,593

19,180

20,599

21,779

23,182

24,322

26,381

27,981

30,948

Leased equipment
Other non-current assets1

Inventories

Liquid assets

Other current assets
Total assets1
Shareholders’ equity1

thereof share capital
Equity ratio Group (%)1
Equity ratio industrial business (%)1
Non-current liabilities1
Current liabilities1

Net liquidity industrial business
Net assets (average)1, 3

19,925

22,811

26,058

28,160

33,050

38,942

46,942

47,074

49,476

41,309

45,023

48,947

48,138

56,258

62,055

67,613

73,394

79,582

14,544

17,081

17,720

17,349

20,864

23,760

25,384

25,686

29,489

10,903

9,576

10,996

11,053

9,667

9,936

10,981

12,072

15,853

31,556

79,160
135,830 148,132 163,062 168,518 189,635 217,166 242,988 255,345 281,619 302,438

58,151

46,614

42,039

38,742

65,687

76,271

69,138

34,461

37,953

41,337

39,330

43,363

44,584

54,624

59,133

65,159

66,053

62,841

3,058

3,060

3,063

3,069

3,070

3,070

26.5

45.8

26.3

46.4

22.7

39.8

24.3

43.4

22.1

40.8

23.6

44.2

44,738

51,940

65,016

66,047

78,077

85,461

53,139

54,855

58,716

59,108

66,974

77,081

11,938

11,981

11,508

13,834

16,953

18,580

3,070

22.9

3,070

24.0

3,070

22.2

3,070

20.5

46.4

44.7

42.8

36.7
99,398 102,562 117,614 133,795
97,952 105,802
84,457
16,288

87,624

16,597

19,737

10,997

29,338

31,426

37,521

40,648

40,779

44,796

47,054

48,446

53,809

63,746

9,662

3,076

4,329

2.5

3,830

3,068

4.8

2,709

2.22

2.22

963

0.90

37,143

51,482

86,013

29,757

18,883

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | TEN-YEAR SUMMARY  341

€ amounts in millions

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

From the statements of cash flows

Investments in property, plant and equipment

Depreciation and amortization

Cash provided by (used for) operating activities

3,653

3,364

8,544

4,158

3,575

-696

Cash provided by (used for) investing activities

-313

-6,537

4,827

4,067

-1,100

-8,864

Cash provided by (used for) financing activities

Free cash flow of the industrial business

-7,551

5,432

5,842

11,506

989

1,452

4,975

4,368

3,285

-6,829

3,855

4,842

4,844

4,999

-1,274

-2,709

2,274

5,479

5,075

5,384

222

5,889

5,478

3,711

-9,722

-14,666

6,744

5,676

-1,652

-9,518

12,009

13,129

7,534

6,305

7,199

7,751

343

7,888
-9,921 -10,607
13,226

5,628

3,874

2,005

2,898

1,368

9,631

3,960

From the stock exchanges

Share price at year-end (€)

50.73

33.92

41.32

62.90

68.97

77.58

70.72

70.80

Average shares outstanding (in millions)

1,050.8

1,066.0

1,066.8

1,068.8

1,069.8

1,069.8

1,069.8

1,069.8

45.91

49.37
1,069.8 1,069.8

Average diluted shares outstanding 
(in millions)

1,051.5

1,067.1

1,067.1

1,069.1

1,069.8

1,069.8

1,069.8

1,069.8

1,069.8 1,069.8

Ratings

Credit rating, long-term

S&P

Moody’s

Fitch

DBRS

Scope

BBB+

BBB+

A3

BBB+

A3

A-

A-

A3

A-

A-

A3

A-

A-

A3

A-

A-

A3

A-

A

A3

A-

A (low)

A (low)

A (low)

A (low)

A (low)

A (low)

A (low)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

A

A2

A-

A

A

A

A2

A-

A

A

A-

A3

A-

A

A

Average annual number of employees

258,120 267,274 274,605 275,384 279,857 284,562 284,957 289,530 298,465 301,839

1   The figures for the year 2012 have been adjusted, primarily due to effects arising from application of the amended version of IAS 19. 
2   The figure for the year 2013 has been adjusted due to reclassifications within functional costs. 
3   In the context of fine tuning the performance measurement system, the definition of net assets has been adjusted with retroactive effect as of 2015.
4   Several figures for the year 2017 have been adjusted due to the effects of first-time adoption of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
342  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | GLOSSARY

Glossary

Compliance
By the term compliance, we understand adherence to all laws, 
rules, regulations and voluntary com mitments, as well as 
the related internal guidelines and policies in connection with 
all activities of the Daimler Group.

Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired 
business over the fair values assigned to the separately 
identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Consolidated Group
The consolidated Group is the total of all those companies that 
are included in the consolidated financial statements.

Corporate governance
The term corporate governance applies to the proper manage-
ment and supervision of a company. The structure of corporate 
governance at Daimler AG is determined by Germany’s Stock 
Corporation Act (AktG), Codetermination Act (MitbestG) and 
capital-market legislation.

Cost of capital
The cost of capital is the product of the average amount 
of capital employed and the cost-of-capital rate. The cost-of-
capital rate is derived from the investors’ required rate of 
return. E page 64

CSR – corporate social responsibility
A collective term for the social responsibility assumed by com-
panies, including economic, environmental and social aspects.

Design for the Environment 
Design for the Environment (DfE) is a concept for reducing the 
environmental impact of products, processes and services. 

EBIT
Earnings before interest and taxes are the measure 
of operating profit before taxes. E pages 70 ff

IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards
The IFRS are a set of standards and interpretations for compa-
nies’ external accounting and financial reporting developed 
by an independent private-sector committee, the International 
Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Integrity Code
The Integrity Code, which was updated in 2019, defines the 
main corporate principles. It makes clear what we understand 
by integrity and which values and principles guide us. The  
key principles include integrating the environment into our work 
and complying with applicable laws and regulations.

INTELLIGENT DRIVE
With this new technology from Mercedes-Benz, thanks to 
improved environment sensors, intelligent assistance systems 
analyze complex situations and recognize potential dangers 
in road traffic even better.

Lithium-ion batteries
They are at the heart of the current generation of electric 
 vehicles. Compared with conventional batteries, lithium-ion 
batteries are considerably smaller and feature significantly 
 higher power density, short charging times and long lives.

NEDC – New European Driving Cycle
A measuring method used in Europe for the objective 
assessment of vehicles’ fuel consumption, which is gradually 
being replaced by WLTP since September 2017. 

Equity method
Accounting and valuation method for share holdings  
in associated companies and joint ventures.

Rating
An assessment of a company’s creditworthiness issued 
by a rating agency.

EU30
The region EU30 includes the 28 member states of the 
European Union plus Norway and Switzerland.

Fair value
The amount for which an asset or liability could be exchanged 
in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable  
and willing parties who are independent of each other.

RDE
Since September 2017, emissions of particulate matter, nitro-
gen oxides and other pollutants have had to be measured using 
mobile equipment and the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test. 
E page 149

G | FURTHER INFORMATION | INDEX  343

Index

Ride hailing
The app-based provision of rides in cars driven by taxi drivers, 
licensed rental car drivers or private drivers.

ROE – return on equity
The profitability of Daimler Financial Services is measured 
by return on equity. ROE is defined as the quotient of EBIT and 
shareholders’ equity.

ROS – return on sales
The profitability of the industrial divisions is measured 
by return on sales. ROS is defined as the quotient of EBIT and 
revenue.

SAE Levels 0-5
SAE Levels 0-5 are a classification system defined by SAE 
International for the various types of automated driving. The 
SAE levels focus, among other things, on the extent to which 
human drivers must still be alert and ready to intervene.  
The stages of automation are defined as follows:  
0: no automation, 1: driver assistance, 2: partial automation,  
3: conditional automation, 4: high automation, 5: full automation.

Truck weight classes
Europe: up to 6 tons (light-duty) 

over 6 tons (medium- and heavy-duty) 

NAFTA:  classes 6 and 7; 8.9-15 tons (medium-duty) 
class 8; over 15 tons (heavy-duty)

Value added
Value added indicates the extent to which operating profit 
exceeds the cost of capital. When value added is positive, 
return on net assets is higher than the cost of capital. 
E page 75 

Value at risk
This measures the potential future loss (related to market 
value) for a given portfolio in a certain period and for which 
there is a certain probability that it will not be exceeded.

Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 
Bonds 
Capital expenditure  
Cash flows  
CO2 reductions  
Connectivity 
Compliance  
Consolidated Group  
Corporate governance  
Digitization 
Dividend  
Earnings per share (EPS)  
EBIT  
Electric mobility 
Financial income  
Income taxes  
Independent auditor’s report 
Innovations 
Integrity 
Integrity Code  
Investor Relations  
Mobility services 
Net assets  
Net profit 
Pension obligations  
Portfolio changes  
Production 
Profitability 
Ratings  
Remuneration system  
Revenue  
ROE – return on equity 
ROS – return on sales 
Segment reporting  
Shareholders’ equity  
Shares  
Strategy 
Sustainability  
Unit sales  
Value added  
Workforce 

50
51, 83 f
82 ff, 153
78 ff, 107, 153 f, 227
200 ff
 23, 55
105 ff, 212 ff
247 f
35 ff, 180 ff
12 f, 23, 52
49, 75
48 ff, 311
70 ff
16 ff, 55 ff, 95, 154
75, 250 ff
73, 236 ff
331 ff
20 ff, 52 ff 
211 ff
186,105
50
31 f, 177 f
76
88, 228
91, 277 ff
62 f
 60 ff
70 ff, 89, 224
85
108 ff
70, 152, 249 f
64, 72
64, 158, 166, 171, 174
308 ff
86  ff, 228
48 ff, 132 f
52 ff
198 ff, 220 ff
67 ff, 151, 158, 166, 171,174
63, 75 f
102 ff, 205

 
 
344  G | FURTHER INFORMATION | DAIMLER WORLDWIDE

Daimler Worldwide

G.02

Europe

Production locations

Sales outlets

Revenue (in millions of euros)

Employees

NAFTA region 

Production locations

Sales outlets

Revenue (in millions of euros)

Employees

Latin America (excluding Mexico)

Production locations

Sales outlets

Revenue (in millions of euros)

Employees

Africa

Production locations

Sales outlets

Revenue (in millions of euros)

Employees

Asia

Production locations

Sales outlets

Revenue (in millions of euros)

Employees

Australia/Oceania

Production locations

Sales outlets

Revenue (in millions of euros)

Employees

Mercedes-Benz 
Cars

Daimler  
Trucks

Mercedes-Benz 
Vans

Daimler  
Buses

Sales
Organization
Automotive
Businesses

16

–

40,256

132,961

2

–

19,127

10,677

1

–

770

425

1

–

1,450

3,819

2

–

30,614

3,852

–

–

1,553

314

7

–

10,743

35,055

17

–

19,020

23,709

2

–

2,329

9,709

–

–

1,023

702

4

–

6,612

13,913

–

–

515

349

3

–

10,827

17,307

1

–

2,029

1,935

1

–

507

2,011

–

–

301

36

–

–

815

1

–

–

322

56

7

–

3,321

15,697

1

–

228

452

3

–

706

1,408

1

–

101

–

2

–

336

403

–

–

40

–

–

3,706

–

–

–

1,355

–

–

–

642

–

–

–

328

–

–

–

2,534

–

–

–

244

–

–

Daimler
Mobility

–

55

12,330

8,511

–

4

13,110

1,699

–

2

308

331

–

1

282

134

–

11

2,335

1,798

–

2

281

207

Note: Unconsolidated revenue of each division (segment revenue).

Internet, Information, Financial Calendar

Financial Calendar 2020:

Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 2020 
April 1, 2020

Interim Report Q1 2020
April 29, 2020

Interim Report Q2 2020 
July 23, 2020

Interim Report Q3 2020
October 23, 2020

As changes to the above dates cannot  
be ruled out, it is advisable to check on our 
website a short time in advance. 
w daimler.com/ir/calendar 

Information on the Internet 
Specific information on our shares and earnings development can  
be found on our website w daimler.com in the “Investors” section.  
The Group’s annual and interim reports and the company financial 
statements of Daimler AG can be accessed there. You can also find 
topical reports, presentations, an overview of various key figures, 
information on our share price and other services. 
w daimler.com/investors 

Publications for our shareholders: 

Annual Report  
(German, English) 

 Interim Reports for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarters 
(German, English) 

 The Annual Report can be requested from: 
Daimler AG,  
Investor Relations, HPC F343  
70546 Stuttgart, Germany 
Phone  +49 711 17 92262 
Fax 
+49 711 17 92287 
order.print@daimler.com 

w  daimler.com/ir/reports 

daimler.com/downloads/en

Daimler AG 
70546 Stuttgart
Phone  +49 711 17 0 
Fax 
www.daimler.com

+49 711 17 22244 

Investor Relations
Phone   +49 711 17 95277  
+49 711 17 92285  
+49 711 17 95256 
+49 711 17 94075 

Fax 
ir.dai@daimler.com 

The paper used for this Annual Report was  
produced from cellulose sourced from  
certified forestry companies that operate  
responsibly and comply with the regulations  
of the Forest Stewardship Council.

Daimler AG
Mercedesstraße 120
70372 Stuttgart 
Germany
www.daimler.com