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Digimarc Corporation

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FY2024 Annual Report · Digimarc Corporation
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Katie Kool
Independent Director
Chair of the Board
Former Chief Executive Officer at Tide Cleaners, a wholly owned 
subsidiary of The Procter & Gamble Company
LaShonda Anderson-Williams
Independent Director
Chief Customer & Commercial Officer of Salesforce Industries at 
Salesforce
Sheila Cheston
Independent Director
Former Corporate Vice President and General Counsel at 
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Sandeep Dadlani
Independent Director
Executive Vice President, Chief Digital and Technology Officer at 
UnitedHealth Group
Dana Mcilwain
Independent Director
Former Chief Administration Officer and Network Operations 
Leader at PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
Riley McCormack
Chief Executive Officer and President at Digimarc Corporation
Michael Park
Independent Director
Senior Vice President and Global Head of AI Go-To-Market at 
ServiceNow
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Riley McCormack
Chief Executive Officer and President
Charles Beck
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Tom Benton
Executive Vice President and Chief Revenue Officer
George Karamanos
Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
Tony Rodriguez
Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Ken Sickles
Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer
TRANSFER AGENT
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc.
P. O. Box 1342, Brentwood, NY  11717
 
(866) 321 8022
shareholder@broadridge.com
www.broadridge.com

DIGIMARC CORPORATION
8500 SW Creekside Place, Beaverton, OR 97008 USA
T: +1 800 344 4627
T: +1 503 469 4800
F: +1 503 469 4777
www.digimarc.com

 
 
 
UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 
 
FORM 10-K 
 
(Mark One) 
☒         Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 
OR 
☐         Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
For the transition period from          to           
Commission File Number 001-34108 
 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
 
Oregon 
26-2828185 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 
  
8500 SW Creekside Place, Beaverton, Oregon 97008 
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) 
(503) 469-4800 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 
  
Title of Each Class 
  
Trading Symbol 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered 
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share 
  
DMRC 
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC 
  
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE 
  
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒ 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing 
requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 
405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company 
or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth 
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer 
  
☐   
Accelerated filer 
☐ 
Non-accelerated filer 
  
☒   
Smaller reporting company 
☒ 
Emerging growth company 
  
☐   
  
  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with 
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its 
internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that 
prepared or issued its audit report.         ☐ 
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included 
in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.         ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation 
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).         ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒ 
The aggregate market value of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of our 
common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed fiscal second quarter (June 30, 2024), was 
approximately $539 million. Shares of common stock beneficially held by each officer and director have been excluded from this computation because 
these persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purposes. 
As of February 21, 2025, 21,548,579 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding. 
  
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 
Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A (the “Proxy Statement”) for its 2025 annual meeting of shareholders are 
incorporated by reference into Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The registrant intends to file the Proxy 
Statement not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
Auditor Name: KPMG LLP 
Auditor Location: Portland, Oregon 
Auditor Firm ID: 185 
 
 


 
Table of Contents 
  
PART I 
Item 1. 
Business ..............................................................................................................................................................  1 
Item 1A. Risk Factors ........................................................................................................................................................  6 
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments ...............................................................................................................................  17 
Item 1C. Cybersecurity ......................................................................................................................................................  17 
Item 2. 
Properties ............................................................................................................................................................  18 
Item 3. 
Legal Proceedings ...............................................................................................................................................  18 
Item 4. 
Mine Safety Disclosures .....................................................................................................................................  18 
PART II   
  
Item 5. 
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities .........................................................................................................................................................  19 
Item 7. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ..............................  20 
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ............................................................................  36 
Item 8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ...................................................................................................  36 
Item 9. 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure..............................  36 
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures .....................................................................................................................................  36 
Item 9B. Other Information ...............................................................................................................................................  37 
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections ...............................................................  37 
PART III   
  
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ..................................................................................  38 
Item 11. Executive Compensation .....................................................................................................................................  38 
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ............  38 
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ....................................................  38 
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services .............................................................................................................  38 
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules .......................................................................................................  39 
SIGNATURES .....................................................................................................................................................................  44 
  
  

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1 
PART I 
  
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “Company,” “Digimarc,” 
“we,” “our” and “us” refer to Digimarc Corporation.  
  
All dollar amounts are in thousands except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted. The percentages within the 
tables may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 
  
Digimarc, Digimarc Barcode, The Barcode of Everything, Barcode of Everything, and the circle-d logo are 
registered trademarks of Digimarc Corporation. EVRYTHNG and EVRYTHNG PRODUCT CLOUD are registered 
trademarks of EVRYTHNG Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Digimarc. 
  
ITEM 1:         BUSINESS 
  
The following discussion of Digimarc’s business contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or the 
future financial performance of Digimarc. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these 
forward-looking statements. Please see the discussion regarding forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under 
the caption “Forward-Looking Statements.” 
  
The following discussion of our business should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements 
and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
  
Overview 
  
Digimarc, an Oregon corporation, is a pioneer and global leader in digital watermarking technologies. For nearly 30 
years, Digimarc innovations and intellectual property in digital watermarking have been deployed in solutions built upon 
one or both of the following two things: the identification and the authentication of physical and digital items, often at 
massive scale, and often where other methods of identification or authentication don’t work well or don’t work at all. 
  
The Digimarc Illuminate platform is a distinctive software as a service (“SaaS”) cloud-based platform for digital 
connectivity that provides the tools for the application of advanced digital watermarks and dynamic Quick Response 
(“QR”) codes, software (digital twins) that enables various systems and devices to interact with those data carriers, and a 
centralized platform for capturing insights about digital interactions and automating activities based on that information. 
  
The Digimarc product suite is built on top of the Digimarc Illuminate platform to power a trusted and scalable 
ecosystem that can address specific business needs in areas like automation, authenticity, sustainability, and customer trust 
and connectivity. All of the Company’s products are complementary to each other, providing exponential benefits when 
combined. By enabling customers to create and connect digital twins to physical and digital items, Digimarc’s products 
provide many benefits including: 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Automate improves product inspection by embedding imperceptible digital watermarks into 
products, labels, and packaging, which are detectable by standard vision systems. This significantly reduces 
mixing errors and mislabeling, ensuring higher accuracy and efficiency in production, fulfillment, and 
distribution facilities without additional costs for special inks or hardware. By enabling real-time data analysis 
and minimizing human error, Digimarc Automate enhances quality assurance, reduces waste, and lowers the 
risk of product recalls, giving brands a competitive edge.   
  
  
• 
Digimarc Engage activates products and multimedia to create and leverage an interactive, fully owned 
communications channel directly with consumers. Digimarc delivers dynamic, GS1 Digital Link-compliant 
QR codes and hyperlinks that provide contextual redirection capabilities for multiple consumer experiences 
(including personalized and automated loyalty and rewards programs) based on a variety of factors such as 
time and location or previous behavior. Connecting engagements across the physical and digital worlds in a 
singular view results in powerful new capabilities and insights for brands. 
  
 
 

2 
  
• 
Digimarc Recycle increases the quality and quantity of recycled materials by digitizing products and 
packaging with digital watermarking technology. Coupled with consumer engagement capabilities, brands 
can leverage a direct, digital communications channel. Plus, Digimarc Recycle creates a cloud-based record 
of never-before-seen post-consumption data to provide new insights that benefit stakeholders across the value 
chain, including brands, facility operators, and Producer Responsibility Organizations (“PROs”). 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Retail Experience delivers smarter, connected packaging that supports next-generation retail 
checkout systems, including checkout efficiency (faster scanning) and checkout effectiveness (reduced 
shrinkage including gift card and price look-up fraud prevention), optimized operational processes, advanced 
consumer engagement experiences, compliance with upcoming industry standards, and the collection of 
powerful first-party data and consumer insights. 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Validate supports authentication in the physical and digital worlds to help ensure online 
interactions can be trusted and that real products and digital assets are genuine and in the right place. 
Digimarc’s technology protects digital images, audio, product packaging, gift cards, and other physical items 
by delivering exclusive, covert digital watermarks and/or dynamic QR codes and a cloud-based record of 
product authentication information. In addition, consumer engagement capabilities provide a direct, digital 
communications channel. 
  
Digimarc has maintained a relationship with a consortium of central banks (the “Central Banks”) for nearly 30 years, 
providing trusted technology to help deter digital counterfeiting of currency. This relationship was the first commercially 
successful large-scale use of our technologies and protects billions of banknotes in circulation globally. 
  
In February 2024, Digimarc announced the availability of its next-generation digital watermarks featuring more 
advanced security and greater access control. Digimarc’s next-generation digital watermarks have also been optimized to 
efficiently address multiple use cases while simultaneously delivering pronounced improvements in both imperceptibility 
and performance.  
  
In March 2024, Digimarc announced Digimarc Engage, a product for direct-to-consumer digital communication that 
is designed to transform the way businesses, brands, and consumers interact. Digimarc Engage is the industry’s first 
consumer engagement solution offering contextual and differentiated experiences across both physical items and digital 
media – powering integrated marketing campaigns with richer consumer experiences while revealing never-before-
available omnichannel data insights to inform smarter campaigns for businesses and brands.   
   
In June 2024, Digimarc launched Digimarc Automate, an innovative automated product inspection solution designed 
to enhance accuracy and efficiency in production, fulfillment, and distribution facilities. Utilizing advanced digital 
watermarking technology, Digimarc Automate surpasses systems using traditional product codes, enhancing quality 
assurance, waste reduction, data collection, and cost savings.  
  
In October 2024, Digimarc announced the release of its new Digimarc Recycle sortation software. This technological 
advancement reduces the cost of Digimarc Recycle-compliant hardware by nearly 50%, significantly lowering the barrier of 
entry for recycling and waste sortation facilities around the world that are seeking a more sophisticated solution.  
  
In October 2024, Digimarc announced the launch of the Digimarc Validate mobile application, a groundbreaking 
out-of-the-box solution designed to help businesses combat counterfeit products. The new app empowers field agents with a 
simple, cost-effective tool for instant product authentication, protecting customers, securing revenue, and preserving brand 
integrity. 
  
In October 2024, Digimarc also announced the release of the industry’s first implementation of digital watermarking 
technology approved for use in the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity’s (“C2PA”) latest standard, version 
2.1. This milestone marks a critical step forward in ensuring the authenticity of digital content in an era where generative 
artificial intelligence (“GenAI”) is rapidly reshaping the media landscape.  
  
In November 2024, Digimarc introduced its most advanced anti-counterfeit solution to date. Digimarc’s new Digital 
Security Solution empowers security solutions providers and businesses with the tools needed to protect government 
programs, businesses, and citizens worldwide against counterfeit threats. This launch leverages proven technology and 
expertise gained through the company’s nearly 30-year relationship with the world’s central banks. 
  
 
 

3 
Customers and Business Partners 
  
We generate revenue through two primary markets: commercial and government. Commercial includes retailers, 
consumer brands, their suppliers and related solution providers, as well as media, entertainment, and other customers. 
Government includes the Central Banks and other government customers. 
  
We derive our revenue primarily from software subscriptions and software development services. Subscriptions for 
our software products are generally sold to retailers, consumer brands, their suppliers and related solution providers. 
Software development services are generally provided to the Central Banks. During 2024, we generated 41% of our 
revenue under the long-term contract with the Central Banks, with whom we have been developing, deploying, supporting 
and enhancing a system to deter digital counterfeiting of currency for nearly 30 years. In December 2022, the 5-year 
extension option included in our contract with the Central Banks was exercised two years early. The contract now runs 
through December 31, 2029. 
  
Technology and Intellectual Property 
  
We seek patent protection for our inventions to differentiate our products and technologies, mitigate infringement 
risks, and develop opportunities for licensing. Our patent portfolio covers a wide range of methods, applications, system 
architectures and processes. 
  
Our intellectual property contains many innovations in digital watermarking, content and object recognition, product 
authentication, and related fields. To protect our inventions, we have implemented an extensive intellectual property 
protection program that relies on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, and nondisclosure 
agreements and other contracts. As a result, we believe we have one of the world’s most extensive patent portfolios in 
digital watermarking and related fields, with approximately 820 U.S. and foreign patents granted and applications pending 
as of December 31, 2024. The patents in our portfolio each have a life of approximately 20 years from the patent’s effective 
filing date. 
  
For a discussion of activities and costs related to our research and development in the last two years, see “Research, 
development and engineering” under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 
Results of Operations.” 
  
Markets 
  
Our patented technologies are used in various automatic identification products and solutions supporting a variety of 
media objects, from consumer goods to movies and music, digital images, and banknotes. Each media object enabled by 
our technology creates the potential for several applications including in the areas of automation, authentication, 
sustainability, and customer trust and connectivity. 
  
We sell access to our platform and products through both direct and indirect sales channels. Our sales are generally 
focused in North America and Europe.  
  
We believe that our existing products represent only a small portion of the potential market for our technology. 
  
Competition 
  
No single competitor or small number of competitors dominate our market. Our competitors vary depending on the 
application of our products and services. We generally compete with non-digital watermarking technologies. These 
alternatives include, among other things, encryption-based security systems and technologies and solutions based on 
fingerprinting, pattern recognition, and traditional barcodes. Our competitive position in digital watermarking applications 
is strong because of our large, high-quality, sophisticated patent portfolio, our trade secrets and know-how, and our 
substantial and growing amount of intellectual property in related innovations for the automatic identification of physical 
and digital media objects that span basic technologies, applications, system designs and business processes. Our intellectual 
property portfolio allows us to use proprietary technologies that are well-regarded by our customers and partners, and not 
available to our competitors without a license. We compete based on the variety of features we offer and a traditional 
cost/benefit analysis against alternative technologies and solutions. Our competitive position within some markets may be 
affected by factors such as reluctance to adopt new technologies and by changes in government regulations. 
   
 
 

4 
Backlog 
  
Based on projected commitments we have for the periods under contract with our respective customers, we 
anticipate our current contracts as of December 31, 2024, will generate a minimum of $36.2 million in future revenue, 
compared to $43.7 million as of December 31, 2023. The decrease reflects the impact of revenue recognized on our existing 
backlog, a shortened committed contractual period of an existing contract, and the expiration of a commercial contract in 
June 2024, partially offset by new contracts entered into in 2024. We expect approximately $20.2 million of 
the $36.2 million to be recognized as revenue during 2025. 
  
Some factors that lead to increased backlog include: 
  
  
• 
contracts with new customers; 
  
  
• 
renewals with current customers; 
  
  
• 
add-on orders with customers; and 
  
  
• 
contracts with longer contractual periods replacing contracts with shorter contractual periods. 
  
Some factors that lead to decreased backlog include: 
  
  
• 
recognition of revenue associated with existing backlog; 
  
  
• 
contracts with shorter contractual periods replacing contracts with longer contractual periods; 
  
  
• 
modifications to existing contracts; 
  
  
• 
contract minimum payments ending; and 
  
  
• 
expiration of contracts with existing customers. 
  
The mix of these factors, among others, dictates whether our backlog increases or decreases for any given period. 
Our backlog may not result in actual revenue in any particular period, because the orders, awards and contracts included in 
our backlog may be subject to modification, cancellation or suspension. We may not realize revenue on certain contracts, 
orders or awards included in our backlog, or the timing of any realization may change. 
  
Human Capital Resources and Management 
  
Employees and Labor Relations 
  
At December 31, 2024, we had 215 full-time employees, including 109 in research, development and engineering; 
70 in sales, marketing, product, operations and customer support; and 36 in finance, administration, information 
technology, intellectual property and legal. 
  
Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work 
stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. Voluntary employee turnover was 5% for the 
year ended December 31, 2024. 
  
Values 
  
Culture is critically important to Digimarc’s success. We incorporate our core values in daily interactions with 
colleagues, customers, vendors and other stakeholders. Our core values are embodied in the words Collaborative, Curious 
and Courageous. 
  
Digimarc Values 
  
Collaborative 
Curious 
Courageous 
We: Ask for help 
Prioritize mentoring 
Build trust and transparency 
Support innovative thinking 
Continuously seek clarity 
Listen to our stakeholders 
Challenge our own biases 
Cultivate collective experiences 
Seek out and support ideas 
We Do Not: Avoid difficult conversations 
Lose sight of our purpose 
Assume we have all the answers 
  

5 
Digimarc follows a Purposeful Work approach which enables teams to determine the right balance of working 
between home and office locations, considering both the company and departmental needs, and those of our staff. 
  
Giving Back to Our Communities  
  
At Digimarc, giving back to our communities isn’t just an act of goodwill—it’s part of our identity. In 2024, we 
launched our Month of Giving, empowering employees to volunteer with organizations they’re passionate about. As part of 
this initiative, our Beaverton team came together to support a local soup kitchen, making a meaningful difference in the 
lives of those we serve. 
  
Compensation and Benefits 
  
Our compensation program is designed to support, reinforce, and align our values, business strategy, and operational 
and financial goals of profitable growth and appreciation of our value in the public equity markets. 
  
Digimarc’s compensation program is designed to pay all our employees fairly for their performance and 
contributions. We do this by balancing a wide variety of important internal and external factors aligned to our Company 
culture and values. Compensation and benefits are reviewed against the market annually, at a minimum. In 2024, we 
engaged a third-party consultant to review our compensation bands and ensure we are offering competitive compensation 
packages. Through this engagement we enhanced our benchmarks to align with public SaaS companies. 
  
We strive to provide a base salary and restricted stock units that are competitive with the market and compensate 
above market for outstanding performance. The Company uses restricted stock units to incentivize candidates and high 
performing employees that contribute to the strategic goals of the Company and drive Company value. Performance stock 
units are used with our executive management team and are awarded based upon delivering established financial and 
strategic goals. Equity incentive compensation promotes a sense of ownership and reinforces our philosophy that all 
employees are valued shareholders in the long-term success of the business. In alignment with our Company culture, we 
strive to communicate openly about the objectives of the Company and the design of the compensation program. The 
compensation process is intended to be fair so that all employees and managers understand the goals and the outcomes of 
the process. 
  
We are committed to administering the compensation program in a manner that is transparent, consistent, and free of 
discrimination. We post salary ranges for new positions and do not ask for the previous salary history of our candidates. We 
promote internal mobility and commit to transparency in how we level and promote our employees. 
  
We also believe that employees require time to balance the many needs of their lives, both at work and outside of 
work. Our policies for Paid Time Off (“PTO”) are designed to provide employees with time off for vacation, sick days, or 
other personal reasons. Full time employees at the exempt level in the U.S. are eligible for the Self-Managed PTO program. 
Non-exempt and part-time U.S. employees are eligible for the Granted PTO program. Under the Self-Managed PTO 
program, eligible employees may take as much paid time off from work as is consistent with their duties and ability to meet 
performance expectations.  
  
Learning and Development 
  
We invest resources to develop the talent needed to remain at the forefront of innovation. We have a performance 
management system to support continuous learning and development. Through the use of anonymous surveys, employees 
can voice their perceptions of the Company and their work experience, including learning and development opportunities. 
We have strong participation in our surveys and engage our managers to respond to areas that employees have identified as 
needing improvement or given lower scores. 
  
We support training and development programs for our employees through tuition reimbursement, online training 
programs such as Digimarc University, LinkedIn Learning, conferences, seminars, on-the-job training, and skill 
certifications. We also encourage and foster onsite training programs and mentoring.  
  
Health, Safety and Wellness 
  
We are committed to a safe and drug-free workplace. We continually invest in programs designed to improve 
physical, mental, and social well-being. We provide access to a variety of innovative, flexible, and convenient health and 
wellness programs, for our employees and their families.   
  

6 
Governance and Oversight 
  
The executive management team is entrusted with developing and advancing our human capital strategy, which is 
reviewed by the Board of Directors. Our Chief People Officer is charged with developing and stewarding this strategy on a 
Company-wide basis. This incorporates a broad range of dimensions, including culture, values, labor and employee 
relations, leadership capabilities, performance management and total rewards. Key processes include ongoing performance 
and development feedback, and periodic engagement surveys reviewed by management and the Board of Directors. All 
employees have access to resources on topics regarding integrity, our code of conduct, diversity, compliance, and 
workplace harassment. Employees are encouraged to address any concerns through multiple channels, including 
anonymously whenever possible, without fear of retaliation or retribution. 
  
Available Information 
  
We make available free of charge through our website at http://www.digimarc.com/about/investors our Annual 
Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these and 
other reports filed or furnished by us pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as 
reasonably practicable after we file these materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The content 
on any website referred to in this annual report is not incorporated by reference in this annual report unless expressly noted. 
   
ITEM 1A:         RISK FACTORS 
  
Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be affected by a number of factors. The 
following risk factors identify risks of which we are aware and that we consider to be material to our business. If any of the 
following risks and uncertainties develops into actual events, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash 
flows could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline. 
  
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS 
  
(1) As a purveyor of disruptive technology, if our partners and potential customers defer or delay adopting and 
implementing our technology, or if competitors or other market participants successfully engage in campaigns to 
discredit our technology, our revenues will be negatively affected.  
  
While the Company’s business in the government market remains relatively strong and predictable, our primary 
source of revenue growth—the commercial market—is subject to the market forces and adoption curves common to other 
disruptive technologies. The commercial market is in its earlier stages of development. If widespread adoption of Digimarc 
technology in the commercial market takes longer than anticipated, we will continue to experience operating losses. For 
example, we expect that our subscription revenue in 2025 will be negatively impacted by the termination of a commercial 
contract that contributed $3.3 million of subscription revenue in 2024. This contract is expected to end in April 2025 and 
contribute $1.1 million of subscription revenue in 2025. Additionally, our subscription revenue in 2025 may also be 
impacted negatively by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024 that may or may not be extended. This 
contract contributed $2.1 million of subscription revenue in 2024. 
  
We expect companies marketing competing technologies to compete vigorously in the marketplace, and to seek to 
preserve their market share. To the extent these companies succeed in defending their market position, our ability to 
achieve profitable operations will be impeded. 
  
With respect to anticipated sales growth and prospects for the commercial market, our two major avenues for 
revenue generation are direct sales to customers and indirect sales through partners. Our direct sales force is relatively new. 
Most of our partners are also relatively new to our products. Thus, the anticipated sources of revenue growth for the 
commercial market are unproven. We are executing strategies intended to make each of these means of revenue generation 
more effective, but we provide no assurance that we will execute these strategies successfully. 
  
(2) Our future growth will depend to a material extent on the successful advocacy of our technology by our partners 
to their customers, and implementation of our technology in solutions propagated by our partners and provided by 
third parties. 
  
Our business has long relied on the success of business partners. Continuing our success is largely dependent on a 
new generation of business partners supporting Digimarc technology in the commercial market. We have entered into 
agreements with numerous partners to propagate and support our technology, including brand deployment and pre-media 
service providers and consumer packaging solutions companies, all of which offer Digimarc digital watermarking services 

7 
to consumer-packaged goods companies. We have also entered into agreements with numerous scanner manufacturers to 
enable their devices to read Digimarc watermarks. We provide no assurance that these collaborations will successfully 
generate revenue for our business.  
  
If our partners are not successful in advocating and deploying our technology, we may not be able to achieve and 
sustain profitable operations. If other business partners who include our technology in their products cease to do so, or we 
fail to successfully collaborate with third parties or to obtain other partners who will do so, or these partners are 
unsuccessful in their efforts, expanding deployment of our technology will be adversely affected. Consequently, our ability 
to increase revenue could be adversely affected, and we may suffer other adverse effects to our business. In addition, if our 
technology does not perform according to market expectations, our future sales would suffer as customers employ 
alternative technologies. 
  
(3) If leading companies in the consumer-packaged goods industry and related industries downplay, minimize or 
reject the use of our technology, our product deployment may be slowed, and we may be unable to achieve profitable 
operations. 
  
Our business endeavors in the commercial market may be impeded or frustrated by larger, more influential 
companies or industry trade groups downplaying, minimizing or rejecting the value or use of our technology. A negative 
position by such companies or groups could result in obstacles for us that we would be incapable of overcoming and may 
block or impede the adoption of our technology. Such a development would make the achievement of our business 
objectives in this market difficult or impossible. For example, we expect that our subscription revenue in 2025 will be 
negatively impacted by the termination of a commercial contract that contributed $3.3 million of subscription revenue in 
2024. This contract is expected to end in April 2025 and contribute $1.1 million of subscription revenue in 2025. 
Additionally, our subscription revenue in 2025 may also be impacted negatively by the expiration of a commercial contract 
in June 2024 that may or may not be extended. This contract contributed $2.1 million of subscription revenue in 2024. 
  
(4) We are subject to risks encountered by companies developing and relying upon new technologies, products, and 
services to achieve and sustain profitable operations. 
  
Our business and prospects must be considered in light of the risks and uncertainties to which companies with new 
and rapidly evolving technology, products, and services are exposed. These risks include the following: 
  
  
• 
we may be unable to develop sources of new revenue or sustainable growth in revenue because our current 
and anticipated technologies, products, and services may be inadequate or may be unable to attract or retain 
customers; 
  
  
• 
intense competition from existing and new technologies and providers and rapid technological change could 
adversely affect the market’s acceptance of our products and services; and 
  
  
• 
we may be unable to develop and maintain new technologies upon which our products and services are 
dependent, which may cause our products and services to be less sustainable and competitive or which could 
make it harder for us to expand our revenue and business. 
   
(5) A significant portion of our current and potential future revenue is subject to commercial and government 
contracts and the development of new markets that may involve unpredictable delays and other unexpected changes. 
Such volatility and uncertainty might limit our actual revenue in any given quarter or year. 
  
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from contracts tied to development schedules or development of new 
markets, which could shift for months, quarters, or years as the needs of our customers and the markets in which they 
participate change. Government agencies and commercial customers also face budget pressures that introduce added 
uncertainty. Any shift in development schedules, the markets in which we or our partners participate, or customer 
procurement processes, which are outside our control and may not be predictable, could result in delays in revenues 
forecasted for any particular period, could affect the predictability of our quarterly and annual results, and might limit our 
actual revenue recognized in any given quarter or year, resulting in reduced and less predictable revenue, adversely 
affecting profitability. 
  
We are expanding into new markets, which involve inherent risk and unpredictability. With our acquisition of 
EVRYTHNG, we expanded into applications of the product cloud in conjunction with Digimarc watermarks and other data 
carriers. As we seek to expand outside our areas of historical expertise, we lack the history and insight that benefited us in 
fields conventionally using digital watermarking. Although we have extensive experience in the commercial application of 

8 
digital watermarking, we are investing in but may not be as well-positioned for these other opportunities. Accordingly, it 
may be difficult for us to achieve success in other technologies we might pursue. 
  
(6) A small number of customers account for a substantial portion of our revenue, and the loss of any large contract 
could materially disrupt our business. 
  
Historically, we have derived a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. Five 
customers represented approximately 76% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. 
  
Nearly half of our revenue came from our contract with the Central Banks in 2024 and 2023. That contract expires at 
the end of 2029. The customer contracts we enter into may contain termination for convenience provisions or may not 
include automatic renewal provisions. If we were to lose any such contract for any reason, or if our relationship with these 
customers or the Central Banks were materially modified, our financial results would be adversely affected. For example, 
we expect our government service revenue in 2025 to be 12% to 14% lower than 2024 due to a smaller approved budget for 
program work in 2025. 
  
We expect to continue to depend upon a small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue for the 
foreseeable future. The loss of, or decline in, orders or backlog from one or more major customers could reduce our revenue 
and have a material adverse effect on our financial results. For example, we expect that our subscription revenue in 2025 
will be negatively impacted by the termination of a commercial contract that contributed $3.3 million of subscription 
revenue in 2024. This contract is expected to end in April 2025 and contribute $1.1 million of subscription revenue in 2025. 
Additionally, our subscription revenue in 2025 may also be impacted negatively by the expiration of a commercial contract 
in June 2024 that may or may not be extended. This contract contributed $2.1 million of subscription revenue in 2024. 
  
(7) The market for our products is highly competitive, and alternative technologies or larger companies that compete 
with us may be more successful than us in gaining market share, which would decrease our revenue and profits. 
  
The markets in which we compete for business are intensely competitive and rapidly evolving. We expect 
competition to continue from both existing competitors and new market entrants. We face competition from other 
companies and from alternative technologies, including some of our customers, partners, and licensees. We also may face 
competition from unexpected sources. 
  
Alternative technologies that may directly or indirectly compete with our products include: 
  
  
• 
generative Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) technologies — AI technologies that employ machine learning to 
train AI models to embed and detect identifying information within digital content; 
  
  
• 
traditional anti-counterfeiting technologies — solutions designed to deter counterfeiting including optically 
sensitive ink, magnetic threads and other materials used in the printing of banknotes used by many 
government agencies (that compete for budgetary outlays); 
  
  
• 
object and image recognition (e.g., trained classifiers employing machine learning) — technologies that 
recognize one or several pre-specified or learned objects or object classes, usually together with their two-
dimensional positions in the image or three-dimensional poses in the scene; 
  
  
• 
radio frequency tags — embedded chips that emit a signal when in close proximity with a receiver, used in 
some photo identification credentials, labels and tags; 
  
  
• 
digital fingerprints and signatures — a metric, or metrics, computed solely from a source image or audio or 
video track, that can be used to identify an image or track, or authenticate the image; and 
  
  
• 
object sorting technologies — chemical tracers, taggants, Near Infrared sorters, dot or matrix codes, used to 
identify and sort objects, and that can be used in connection with systems using a combination of these 
methods and machine learning. 
  
In the competitive environments in which we operate, product creation, development and marketing processes 
relating to technology are uncertain and complex and require accurate prediction of demand as well as successful 
management of various risks inherent in technology development. In light of these uncertainties, it is possible that our 
failure to successfully accommodate future changes in technologies related to our technology could have a long-term 
negative effect on our growth and results of operations. 

9 
As we work to achieve market acceptance of our products and services, new developments are expected to continue, 
and discoveries by others, including current and potential competitors, could render our products and 
services uncompetitive. Moreover, because of rapid technological changes, we may be required to expend greater amounts 
of time and money than anticipated to develop new products and services, which in turn may require greater revenue 
streams from those products and services to cover developmental costs. Many of the companies that compete with us for 
some of our business, as well as other companies with whom we may compete with in the future, are larger and may have 
stronger brand recognition and greater technical, financial, marketing, and/or political resources than we do. These 
attributes could enable these companies to have more success in the market than we have, either by providing better 
products or better pricing than we can provide. We may be unable to compete successfully against current or future 
participants in our markets or against alternative technologies, and the competitive pressures we face may have a materially 
adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 
  
(8) An increase in our operations outside of the U.S. subjects us to risks additional to those to which we are exposed 
in our domestic operations. 
  
We believe that revenue from sales of products and services to commercial customers outside the U.S. could 
represent a growing percentage of our total revenue in the future. Digimarc technology is not bounded geographically, and 
we believe our technology will be deployed globally. As such, certain contracts may be made and performed, in whole or in 
part, outside of the United States. Additionally, with the acquisition of EVRYTHNG, our workforce expanded significantly 
into the United Kingdom and other European countries. 
  
International operations are subject to a number of risks that can adversely affect our sales of products and services 
to customers outside of the U.S., or expose us to additional expense or liabilities, including the following: 
  
  
• 
difficulties and costs of staffing, developing and managing foreign operations as a result of distance, 
language, and cultural differences; 
  
  
• 
the effect of laws governing our business, employee, and contractor relationships, and the existence of 
workers’ councils and labor unions in some jurisdictions; 
  
  
• 
changes in foreign government regulations and security requirements; 
  
  
• 
export license requirements, tariffs, retaliatory trade measures; 
  
  
• 
difficulty in protecting intellectual property; 
  
  
• 
difficulty in collecting accounts receivable; 
  
  
• 
currency fluctuations; and 
  
  
• 
political and economic uncertainty or instability. 
  
If we fail to comply with the many international laws and regulations that apply to our business, we may be subject 
to significant fines, penalties, or liabilities for noncompliance. These factors may result in greater risk of performance 
problems or of reduced profitability with respect to our international programs in these markets. In addition, if foreign 
customers, in particular foreign government authorities, terminate or delay the implementation of our products and services, 
it may be difficult for us, or we may not be able, to recover our potential losses. 
  
Geopolitical tensions and the potential for isolationist policies implemented by governments around the world may 
affect international relations, resulting in reduced market opportunities and diminished demand in foreign markets. In some 
cases, such tensions could lead to national security-related restrictions that directly impact our business operations. 
  
 
 

10 
(9) We depend on our key employees for our future success. If we are not able to retain, hire, or integrate these 
employees, we may not be able to meet our commitments. 
  
Due to the high level of technical expertise that our industry requires, our ability to successfully develop, market, 
sell, license and support our products, services, and intellectual property depends to a significant degree upon the continued 
contributions of our key personnel in engineering, sales, marketing, operations, and legal, many of whom would be difficult 
to replace. We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to retain our current key employees and 
our ability to attract, integrate, and retain new personnel in the future. It may not be practical for us to match the 
compensation some of our employees could be offered by other employers. In addition, we may encounter difficulties in 
hiring and retaining employees because of concerns related to our financial performance. These circumstances may have a 
negative effect on the market price of our common stock, and employees and prospective employees may factor in any 
uncertainties relating to our stability and the value of any equity-based incentives in their decisions regarding employment 
opportunities and decide to leave our employ or decline employment offers.  
  
Moreover, our business is based in large part on unique and sophisticated technology. New employees require 
substantial training, involving significant resources and management attention. Competition for experienced personnel in 
our business can be intense. If we do not succeed in attracting new, qualified personnel or in integrating, retaining, and 
motivating our current personnel, our growth and ability to deliver products and services that our customers require may be 
hampered. 
  
On February 26, 2025, we announced a reorganization, which could impact our workforce by up to 90 employees.  
   
(10) We may acquire or invest in other companies or technologies in the future, which could divert management’s 
attention, result in additional dilution to our shareholders, increase expenses, disrupt our operations and harm our 
operating results. 
  
We acquired EVRYTHNG in January 2022, and we may in the future acquire or invest in businesses, products or 
technologies that we believe could complement or expand our current product and service offerings, enhance our technical 
capabilities, expand our operations into new markets, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential 
acquisitions or other strategic transactions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses 
related to identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions or strategic transactions, whether or not they are 
completed. 
  
There are inherent risks in integrating and managing acquisitions. We may not be able to assimilate or integrate the 
acquired personnel, operations and technologies successfully or effectively manage the combined business following an 
acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from an acquired business due to a number of factors, 
including: 
  
  
• 
unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition; 
  
  
• 
incurrence of acquisition-related costs; 
  
  
• 
inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition or investment costs; 
  
  
• 
the inability to maintain relationships with customers and partners of the acquired business; 
  
  
• 
the need to implement additional controls, procedures and policies; 
  
  
• 
entry into geographic markets in which we have little or no prior experience, and challenges caused by 
distance, language, and cultural differences; 
  
  
• 
differences in foreign labor and employment laws, including classification of employees and contractors; 
  
  
• 
disruption of our ongoing business; 
  
  
• 
the potential loss of key employees; and 
  
  
• 
use of substantial portions of our available cash to complete the acquisition. 

11 
Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could 
adversely affect our financial position. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating 
results and business and financial condition may suffer. 
  
(11) If our revenue models and pricing structures relating to products and services that are under development do not 
gain market acceptance, the products and services may fail to attract or retain customers and we may not be able to 
generate new revenue or sustain existing revenue. 
  
Our revenues result from a combination of software subscriptions and software development services. We have not 
fully developed our revenue models for some products in the commercial market. Because some of our products and 
services are not yet well-established in the marketplace, and because some of these products and services will not directly 
displace existing solutions, we cannot be certain that the pricing structure for these products and services will gain market 
acceptance or be sustainable over time, or that the marketing for these products and services will be effective. 
  
(12) An unfavorable assessment of digital watermarking technology by members of the HolyGrail 2.0 initiative could 
discourage adoption of our technology. 
  
In September 2020, AIM – European Brands Association, in conjunction with over 85 companies and organizations 
including many of Europe’s largest consumer-packaged goods companies, launched the HolyGrail 2.0 initiative. The 
purpose of the initiative is to assess whether digital watermarking technology can improve waste sorting and recycling rates 
for product packaging in the European Union. Digimarc is a technology provider for this ongoing assessment. 
  
An unfavorable assessment of digital watermarking technology generally, or of Digimarc’s digital watermarking 
technology particularly, could cause its members to consider alternative technologies. This outcome could dissuade 
HolyGrail 2.0 members and others following its lead from adopting digital watermarking technology for sortation and 
recycling. This in turn could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to grow adoption of our Digimarc Recycle 
product. 
  
(13) The technological viability and economic attractiveness of competing technologies could cause the consumer-
packaged goods industry and related industries to adopt a technology other than digital watermarking to support its 
waste sortation and recycling initiatives. 
  
We have identified two technologies that could be perceived by industry participants to out-perform or be available 
on more economically favorable terms than Digimarc’s digital watermarking technology for waste sortation and recycling: 
chemical tracers and/or artificial intelligence. Industry leaders in a position to influence the industry at large could 
determine that chemical tracers or artificial intelligence represent a more technologically viable and/or economically 
attractive solution, including due to the greater number of potential suppliers, which in turn could increase pricing 
competition and lower barriers to entry. Such a determination could result in the devaluation of digital watermarking 
technology’s ability to support the product packaging lifecycle and negatively affect our revenue growth prospects. 
  
RISKS RELATED TO INFORMATION SECURITY 
  
(14) The security systems used in our business and our product and service offerings may be circumvented or 
sabotaged by third parties, which could result in the disclosure of sensitive information or private personal 
information or cause other business interruptions that could damage our reputation and disrupt our business. 
  
Our business relies on computers and other information technologies, both internal and external. The protective 
measures that we use may not prevent all security breaches, and failure to prevent security breaches may disrupt our 
business, damage our reputation, or expose us to litigation and liability. A party who circumvents our security measures or 
the security measures of our third-party vendors could misappropriate sensitive or proprietary information or materials or 
cause interruptions or otherwise damage our products, services, and reputation, and the property of our customers. If 
unintended parties obtain sensitive data and information or create bugs or viruses or otherwise sabotage the functionality of 
our or our third-party vendor’s systems, we may receive negative publicity, incur liability to our customers, or lose the 
confidence of our customers, any of which may cause the termination or modification of our contracts. Further, our 
insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover losses and liabilities that may result from these events. 
  
In addition, we may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect ourselves against the 
threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches. Any protection or remedial measures may not 
be available at a reasonable price or at all or may not be entirely effective if commenced. 
  

12 
(15) We may experience outages and disruptions of our infrastructure that may harm our business, prospects, 
financial condition and results of operations. 
  
We may be subject to outages or disruptions of our infrastructure, including information technology system failures 
and network disruptions. We use third-party cloud service providers, which are also susceptible to outages and disruptions. 
System redundancy may be ineffective or inadequate, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all 
eventualities. 
  
(16) Data breaches and cyber-attacks or cyber-fraud could compromise our intellectual property or other sensitive 
information or result in losses.  
  
We maintain sensitive data on our networks and the networks of our business partners and third-party providers, 
including proprietary and confidential information relating to our intellectual property, personnel, and business, and that of 
our customers and third-party providers. Companies have been increasingly subject to a wide variety of security incidents, 
cyber-attacks, hacking, phishing, and other attempts to gain unauthorized access or engage in fraudulent behavior, resulting 
in risks that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and reputation. These risks include but are not limited 
to: 
  
  
• 
our policies and security measures cannot guarantee security, and our information technology infrastructure, 
including our networks and systems, may be vulnerable to data breaches, cyber-attacks, or fraud, leading to 
the disclosure of sensitive customer information; 
  
  
• 
third parties may attempt to penetrate or infect our network and systems with malicious software and phishing 
attacks in an effort to gain unauthorized access to our network and systems; 
  
  
• 
we may be subject to the risk of third parties falsifying invoices and similar fraud, frequently by obtaining 
unauthorized access to our vendors’ and business partners’ networks; 
  
  
• 
other disruption of our operations due to cyberattacks or other malicious activities; and 
  
  
• 
failure to comply with cybersecurity regulations, resulting in legal and financial consequences. 
  
In some circumstances, we may partner with third-party providers and provide them with sensitive data. If these third 
parties fail to adopt or adhere to adequate data security practices, or in the event of a breach of their networks, this sensitive 
data may be improperly accessed, used, or disclosed. These data breaches and any unauthorized access or disclosure of 
sensitive data could compromise our intellectual property, expose sensitive business information, and subject us to liability. 
  
The increase in cyber-attacks has resulted in an increased focus on cybersecurity by various government agencies. 
Cyber-attacks or any investigation or enforcement action related to cybersecurity could cause us to incur significant 
remediation costs, disrupt key business operations, and divert attention of management and key information technology 
resources. We may incur losses as a result of cyber-fraud, such as making unauthorized payments, irrespective of robust 
internal controls. Our reputation and business could be harmed, and we could be subject to third-party claims in the event of 
such a security breach. 
  
RISKS RELATED TO FINANCIAL REPORTING 
  
(17) Changes to financial accounting standards may affect our results of operations and could cause us to change 
our business practices.  
  
We prepare our consolidated financial statements to conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the 
United States (“U.S. GAAP”). These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (“SEC”) and various bodies formed to interpret and create accounting rules and regulations. Changes in these 
rules, or guidance relating to interpretation and adoption of these rules, could have a significant effect on our financial 
results and could affect portions of our business differently. 
  
 
 

13 
(18) We were not profitable in 2024 or 2023 and may not be able to become profitable in the future, particularly if we 
were to lose large contracts or fail in our new market development initiatives. Sustained lack of profitability could 
cause us to incur asset impairment charges for long-lived assets or record valuation allowances against our deferred 
tax assets. 
  
We incurred net losses in 2024 and 2023 largely due to increased levels of investments in our business to support 
product development and sales growth initiatives. 
  
Becoming profitable in the future will depend upon a variety of factors, including our ability to maintain our current 
customers and to acquire new commercial customers. Profitability will also depend on our efficiency in executing our 
business strategy and capitalizing on new opportunities. Various adverse developments, including the loss of large contracts 
or cost overruns on our existing contracts, could adversely affect our revenue, margins, and profitability. For example, we 
expect that our subscription revenue in 2025 will be negatively impacted by the termination of a commercial contract that 
contributed $3.3 million of subscription revenue in 2024. This contract is expected to end in April 2025 and contribute 
$1.1 million of subscription revenue in 2025. Additionally, our subscription revenue in 2025 may also be impacted 
negatively by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024 that may or may not be extended. This contract 
contributed $2.1 million of subscription revenue in 2024. 
  
If we continue to incur operating losses, an impairment to the carrying value of our long-lived assets, including 
goodwill, acquired intangible assets, patent assets and property and equipment could result. We test for impairment of our 
long-lived assets when a triggering event occurs that would indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Our 
methodology for assessing impairment may require management to make judgments and assumptions regarding future cash 
flows. Our projections of future cash flows are largely based on historical experience, and these projections may not be 
achieved. Changes to these financial projections used in our impairment analysis could lead to an impairment of all or a 
portion of our long-lived assets. Any such impairment charge could adversely affect our results of operations and our stock 
price. We evaluated our long-lived assets for impairment as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 and concluded there was no 
impairment for either period. We do not guarantee, however, that our long-lived assets will not become impaired in the 
future. 
  
We record valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets if, based on available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not 
that all or some portion of the value of the assets will not be realized. The determination of whether our deferred tax assets 
are realizable requires management to identify and weigh all available positive and negative evidence. Management 
considers recent financial performance, projected future taxable income, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, tax 
planning strategies and other evidence in assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets. Adjustments to our deferred 
tax assets could adversely affect our results of operations and our stock price. We have maintained a full valuation 
allowance against our deferred tax assets largely due to the cumulative loss we have incurred over the previous three years, 
which is considered a significant piece of negative evidence in assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets. As of 
December 31, 2024, and 2023, we determined a valuation allowance was still appropriate given the cumulative loss. We 
will not record tax benefits on any future losses until it is determined that those tax benefits will be realized. 
  
(19) We may be adversely affected by variability of contracted arrangements. 
  
We periodically agree to modify the terms of contractual arrangements with our customers, partners and licensees in 
response to changes in circumstances underlying the original contractual arrangements, and it is likely that we will do so in 
the future. As a result of this practice, the terms of our contractual arrangements with our customers, partners, and licensees 
may vary over time and, depending on the particular modification, could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
position, results of operations, or cash flows. 
  
RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND LEGAL 
  
(20) (a) We may not be able to adequately secure patent or other protection for our technologies. 
  
Our business depends in part on securing protection for our proprietary technology. To protect our intellectual 
property portfolio, we rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret rights, confidentiality 
procedures, and licensing arrangements. Although we regularly apply for patents to protect our intellectual property, there 
is no guarantee that we will secure patent protection for any particular technology we develop. 
  
 
 

14 
Changes in the U.S. and foreign patent laws, or in the interpretation of existing laws, may adversely affect our ability 
to secure or enforce patents. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision in 2014 limiting patent eligibility of 
computer implemented inventions. The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011 (the “America Invents Act”) also 
codifies several changes to the U.S. patent laws, including the creation of a post-grant inter partes review process to 
challenge patents after they have issued. The America Invents Act allows third parties to petition the U.S. Patent and 
Trademark Office to review and reconsider the patentability of any of our inventions claimed in our issued patents. Similar 
laws and legal processes exist to challenge the validity of patents in other jurisdictions. Any such proceeding may result in 
one or more of our patent claims becoming limited or being invalidated altogether. Additionally, certain foreign 
jurisdictions may not recognize or enforce our patents in those jurisdictions. A limitation or invalidation of our patent 
claims could adversely affect our financial position and our operating results. 
  
Patents have finite lives, and our ability to continue to rely on our patents as a barrier to entry is limited to the term 
of the patents. Our earliest patents began expiring in 2012, and the patents in our portfolio expire at various times between 
2025 and 2039. The size and strength of our portfolio depends on the number of patents that have been granted, offset by 
the number of patents that expire, in any given year. 
  
As part of our confidentiality procedures, we generally enter into non-disclosure agreements with our employees, 
directors, consultants, and corporate partners, and attempt to control access to and distribution of our technology, solutions, 
documentation, and other proprietary information. Despite these procedures, third parties could copy or otherwise obtain 
and make unauthorized use of our technology, solutions or other proprietary information or independently develop similar 
technologies, solutions, or information. The steps that we have taken to prevent misappropriation of our solutions, 
technology or other proprietary information may not succeed. 
  
We do not assure you that the protection of our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not 
independently develop similar technologies, duplicate our services, or design around any of our patents. 
  
(b) We may be subject to infringement claims and other litigation, which could adversely affect our business. 
  
As more companies engage in business activities relating to digital watermarking services, and develop 
corresponding intellectual property rights, it is increasingly likely that claims may arise which assert that some of our 
products or services infringe other parties’ intellectual property rights. These claims could subject us to costly litigation and 
divert management resources. These claims may require us to pay significant damages, cease production of infringing 
products, terminate our use of infringing technology, or develop non-infringing alternative technologies. In these 
circumstances, continued use of our technology may require that we acquire licenses to the intellectual property that is the 
subject of the alleged infringement, and we might not be able to obtain these licenses on commercially reasonable terms or 
at all. Our use of protected technology may result in liability that threatens our continuing operation. 
  
Some of our contracts include indemnity and similar provisions regarding our non-infringement of third-party 
intellectual property rights. As deployment of our technology increases, and more companies enter our markets, the 
likelihood of a third-party lawsuit resulting from these provisions increases. If an infringement arose in a context governed 
by such a contract, we may have to expend significant sums to defend our customer, refund to our customer amounts 
already paid to us, pay significant damages, or cease distributing our allegedly infringing products entirely. 
  
(21) We are periodically involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, and an adverse resolution of such 
litigation may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. 
  
From time to time, in our normal course of business, we are a party to various legal claims, actions and complaints. 
Given the uncertain nature of litigation, we are not able to estimate the amount or range of gain or loss that could result 
from an outcome of litigation. Litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations. The 
results of complex legal proceedings are often uncertain and difficult to predict. We could incur costs in excess of any 
established accruals and, to the extent available, excess liability insurance. An unfavorable outcome in any legal 
proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. 
  
 
 

15 
(22) The terms and conditions of our contracts could subject us to damages, losses and other expenses if we fail to 
meet delivery and performance requirements. 
  
Our service contracts typically include provisions imposing: 
  
  
• 
development and delivery schedules; 
  
  
• 
customer acceptance and testing requirements; and 
  
  
• 
other performance requirements. 
  
To the extent these provisions involve performance over extended periods of time, risks of noncompliance may 
increase. From time to time, we have experienced delays in system implementation, timely acceptance of deliverables, 
concerns regarding deliverable performance, and other contractual disputes. If we fail to meet contractual performance 
requirements as promised, or to successfully resolve customer disputes, we could incur liability for damages, as well as 
increased costs, lower margins, or compensatory obligations in addition to other losses, such as harm to our reputation. Any 
unexpected increases in costs to meet our contractual obligations or any other requirements necessary to address claims and 
damages with regard to our customer contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. 
  
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CAPITAL STOCK 
  
(23) Our corporate governance documents and Oregon law may delay or prevent an acquisition of us that 
shareholders may consider favorable, which could decrease the value of your shares. 
  
Our articles of incorporation, bylaws and Oregon law contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third 
party to acquire us without the consent of our Board of Directors. These provisions include supermajority voting 
requirements for shareholders to amend our organizational documents and limitations on actions by our shareholders by 
written consent. In addition, our Board of Directors has the right to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval, 
which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer. Oregon law restricts the ability to vote 
shares of stock acquired in a transaction that causes the acquiring person to control at least one-fifth, one-third or one-half 
of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors (a “control share acquisition”). Shares acquired in a control share 
acquisition have no voting rights except as authorized by a vote of the shareholders. Although we believe these provisions 
protect our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics and thereby provide for an opportunity to 
receive a higher bid by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors, these provisions apply even if 
the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders. 
   
(24) Our common stock price may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment in shares of our 
common stock. 
  
The price of shares of our common stock may fluctuate as a result of changes in our operating performance or 
prospects and other factors. Some specific factors that may have a significant effect on the price of shares of our common 
stock include: 
  
  
• 
the public’s reaction to our public disclosures; 
  
  
• 
actual or anticipated changes in our operating results or future prospects; 
  
  
• 
strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; 
  
  
• 
impact of acquisitions on our liquidity and financial performance; 
  
  
• 
new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business; 
  
  
• 
changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles applicable to us; 
  
  
• 
conditions of the industry as a result of changes in financial markets or general economic or political 
conditions; 
  

16 
  
• 
the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock in the future, or changes in financial estimates by 
analysts; 
  
  
• 
changes in analyst recommendations or revenue and earnings estimates regarding us, other comparable 
companies or the industry generally, and our ability to meet those estimates; 
  
  
• 
changes in the amount of dividends paid, if any; 
  
  
• 
changes in our financing strategy or capital structure; 
  
  
• 
future issuances of our common stock or the perception that future sales could occur; and 
  
  
• 
volatility in the equity securities market. 
  
GENERAL RISK FACTORS 
  
(25) If we are unable to respond to regulatory or industry standards effectively, or if we are unable to develop and 
integrate new technologies effectively, our growth and the development of our products and services could be delayed 
or limited. 
  
Our future success will depend in part on our ability to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality, and 
features of our products and services, and those of our business partners, in accordance with regulatory or industry 
standards. Our ability to remain competitive will depend in part on our ability to comply with emerging industry and 
governmental standards in a timely and cost-effective manner. If we are unable to meet these standards effectively, our 
growth and the development of various products and services could be delayed or limited. 
  
(26) We may need to hire additional employees or contract labor in the future in order to take advantage of new 
business opportunities arising from increased demand, which could increase costs and impede our ability to achieve 
or sustain profitability in the short term. 
  
We have staffed our company with the intent of accelerating our product development and sales growth initiatives 
while also focusing on achieving and sustaining profitability. Our current staffing levels could affect our ability to respond 
to increased demand for our products and services. In addition, to meet any increased demand and take advantage of new 
business opportunities in the future, we may need to increase our workforce through additional employees or contract labor. 
Although we believe that increasing our workforce would potentially support anticipated growth and profitability, it would 
increase our costs. If we experience such an increase in costs, we may not succeed in achieving or sustaining profitability in 
the short term. 
  
On February 26, 2025, we announced a reorganization, which could impact our workforce by up to 90 
employees. This reorganization is intended to streamline our team structure to better align with our long-term growth 
initiatives and profitability objectives. If we do not fully realize or maintain the anticipated benefits of the reorganization 
and related cost reduction initiatives, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected, 
and additional reorganization actions and cost reduction initiatives may be necessary. Our reorganization and cost cutting 
activities may also yield unintended consequences and costs, such as attrition beyond our intended reorganization, a 
reduction in morale among our remaining employees, and the risk we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the 
reorganization, all of which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. 
  
(27) Products deploying our technology could have unknown defects or errors, which may give rise to claims against 
us, divert application of our resources from other purposes or increase our project implementation and support costs. 
  
Products and services as complex as ours may contain undetected defects or errors. Furthermore, we often provide 
complex implementation, integration, customization, consulting, and other technical services in connection with the 
implementation and ongoing maintenance of our products. Despite testing, defects or errors in our products and services 
may occur, which could result in delays in the development and implementation of our products, inability to meet customer 
requirements or expectations in a timely manner, loss of revenue or market share, increased implementation and support 
costs, failure to achieve market acceptance, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation, increased 
insurance costs, increased service and warranty costs, and warranty or breach of contract claims. Although we attempt to 
reduce the risk of losses resulting from warranty or breach of contract claims through warranty disclaimers and liability 
limitation clauses in our agreements when we can, these contractual provisions are sometimes rejected or limited and may 

17 
not be enforceable in every instance. If a court refuses to enforce the liability limiting provisions of our contracts for any 
reason, or if liabilities arise that were not contractually limited or adequately covered by insurance, the expense associated 
with defending these actions or paying the resultant claims could be significant. 
   
ITEM 1B:         UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 
  
None. 
  
ITEM 1C:         CYBERSECURITY 
  
Cybersecurity risk management is a critical component of our overall risk management program. We have 
implemented robust information security processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from 
cybersecurity breaches that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and reputation. Although we have 
implemented measures to safeguard against cybersecurity risks, there is no assurance that these measures will prevent all 
incidents or fully mitigate their impact. We continuously work to enhance our information security processes and risk 
management program. Our cybersecurity risk management program is led by our Senior Director of Information Security 
(“InfoSec”) with direction and oversight from the Company’s executive management team. The Senior Director of 
InfoSec and the Company’s executive leaders directly involved have extensive experience in information security, risk 
management, and technology, and a track record of successful leadership in areas relevant to cybersecurity. 
  
On a regular basis, we conduct thorough cybersecurity risk assessments that encompass both financial and non-
financial risks, to identify vulnerabilities within our information systems. We also engage third-party experts and 
consultants to assist with cybersecurity risk assessments and to perform black box and white box penetration testing. We 
have implemented continuous enterprise-wide monitoring tools to detect and assess cybersecurity threats. In addition, we 
maintain and practice our incident response plans to facilitate timely identification and reporting of cybersecurity events. 
Aligned with our broader risk management framework, our materiality assessment criteria are determined based on a 
comprehensive review of potential cybersecurity impacts on our operations, financials and reputation. Our risk mitigation 
strategies include a broad variety of technical and operational measures, including, but not limited to, cross-functional 
collaboration among the information security, legal and risk management and operational teams, and Company-wide 
training on cybersecurity and privacy. We conduct regular and ongoing information security training and maintain a 
compliance program, which includes live and virtual training and periodic testing to ensure compliance with corporate 
standards and procedures. New employees must acknowledge that they have completed all the information security training 
and adhere to standards and procedures upon hire. All other employees acknowledge completion of this training annually.  
  
In 2024, the Company again achieved System and Organization SOC Type II (“SOC 2”) compliance for its product 
digitization platform. An independent auditor provided this certification after conducting a comprehensive audit, 
confirming that from February 16, 2023, to February 29, 2024, our information security controls were well-designed and 
worked effectively. The Company is working diligently to continue to maintain compliance with SOC 2 with the audit for 
2025 currently in process.  
  
Our Board of Directors plays a vital role in overseeing the Company’s enterprise risk management program and has 
delegated cybersecurity risk management to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee is 
responsible for ensuring that management has processes in place designed to identify and evaluate cybersecurity risks to 
which the Company is exposed, and to implement processes to manage cybersecurity risks and mitigate cybersecurity 
incidents. Our Senior Director of InfoSec provides annual updates to the Audit Committee on the current cybersecurity 
threat landscape, emerging risks, remediation plans, and the effectiveness of related internal controls, and our Chief 
Financial Officer provides quarterly updates to the Audit Committee regarding progress on the Company’s cybersecurity 
program. When applicable, additional cybersecurity updates are provided to our Audit Committee in interim periods in the 
event of a significant cybersecurity threat. All members of the Board of Directors are invited to attend these meetings. 
  
The Audit Committee regularly engages in risk assessments specifically focused on cybersecurity, considering 
potential impacts on operations, financial results, and reputation, and periodically reviews cybersecurity policies and 
procedures to ensure they align with best practices and evolving cyber threats. In addition, the Audit Committee participates 
in the allocation of resources for cybersecurity initiatives, ensuring that investments align with the Company’s risk appetite 
and strategic objectives. The Audit Committee is also briefed on the Company’s crisis management and incident response 
plans, ensuring preparedness for potential cybersecurity incidents. The full Board of Directors participates with 
management in security tabletop exercises to test our incident response plans. 
  
 
 

18 
In 2024, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to 
materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot 
eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced undetected cybersecurity 
incidents. For additional information about these risks, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 
10-K. 
  
ITEM 2:         PROPERTIES 
  
In February 2022, we entered into a sublease agreement and lease extension agreement on a new facility in 
Beaverton, Oregon in order to move our corporate headquarters. The new facility is approximately 65,500 square feet in 
size. The term of the sublease and lease extension runs through September 2030. The remaining rent payments as 
of December 31, 2024 were $7.8 million plus operating expenses, payable in monthly installments. The first 26 months of 
rent payments and operating expenses were abated to cover the remaining term of the lease on our former corporate 
headquarters. 
  
The lease term of the Company’s former corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon ended in March 2024, with no 
remaining rent payments as of  December 31, 2024. The Company stopped using this office space as its corporate 
headquarters in March 2022. 
  
We believe that our existing office space is suitable and adequate for our current and foreseeable future needs. 
  
ITEM 3:         LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 
  
We are subject from time to time to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. At this 
time, we do not believe that the resolution of any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, 
results of operations or cash flows. 
  
ITEM 4:         MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 
  
Not applicable. 
  
 
 

19 
PART II 
  
ITEM 5:   MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 
  
Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC in October 2008 under the symbol “DMRC.” 
  
As of February 21, 2025, we had 157 shareholders of record of our common stock, as shown in the records of our 
transfer agent. Since many holders hold shares in “street name,” we believe that there is a significantly larger number of 
beneficial owners of our common stock than the number of shareholders of record. 
  
We withhold (purchase) shares of common stock in connection with the vesting of restricted shares, restricted stock 
units, and performance restricted stock units, to satisfy required tax withholding obligations. 
  
The following table sets forth information regarding purchases of our equity securities during the three-month period 
ended December 31, 2024: 
  
  
    
  
      
  
    
(c)  
Total number 
of shares 
    
(d) 
Approximate   
  
    
  
      
  
    purchased as     
dollar value   
  
    
  
      
  
    
part of 
    of shares that   
  
  
(a) 
    
(b) 
    
publicly 
    
may yet be 
  
  
  Total number     Average price     announced     
purchased 
  
  
  
of shares 
    
paid per 
    
plans 
    under the plans   
Period 
  purchased (1)     
share (1) 
    or programs     or programs   
Month 1 
      
        
        
        
  
October 1, 2024 to October 31, 2024 ............     
—     $ 
—       
—     $ 
—   
Month 2 
      
        
        
        
  
November 1, 2024 to November 30, 2024 ....     
19,757     $ 
27.18       
—     $ 
—   
Month 3 
      
        
        
        
  
December 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024 .....     
—    $ 
—      
—    $ 
—  
Total .....................................................................     
19,757     $ 
27.18       
—     $ 
—   
 
(1) Fully vested shares of common stock withheld (purchased) by us in satisfaction of required withholding tax liability 
upon the vesting of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance restricted stock units. 
  
  
  
 
 

20 
ITEM 7: 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATIONS 
  
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains 
forward-looking statements relating to future events or the future financial performance of Digimarc, which involve risks 
and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. 
Please see the discussion regarding forward-looking statements included at the end of this discussion, under the caption 
“Forward-Looking Statements,” and Item 1A, “Risk Factors” for a discussion of some of the uncertainties, risks and 
assumptions associated with these statements. 
  
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related 
notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
  
All dollar amounts in the following tables are in thousands except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted. The 
percentages within the tables included in this section may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 
  
Overview 
  
Digimarc, an Oregon corporation, is a pioneer and global leader in digital watermarking technologies. For nearly 
30 years, Digimarc innovations and intellectual property in digital watermarking have been deployed in solutions built upon 
one or both of the following two things: the identification and the authentication of physical and digital items, often at 
massive scale, and often where other methods of identification or authentication don’t work well or don’t work at all. 
  
The Digimarc Illuminate platform is a distinctive software as a service (“SaaS”) cloud-based platform for digital 
connectivity that provides the tools for the application of advanced digital watermarks and dynamic Quick Response 
(“QR”) codes, software (digital twins) that enables various systems and devices to interact with those data carriers, and a 
centralized platform for capturing insights about digital interactions and automating activities based on that information. 
  
The Digimarc product suite is built on top of the Digimarc Illuminate platform to power a trusted and scalable 
ecosystem that can address specific business needs in areas like automation, authenticity, sustainability, and customer trust 
and connectivity. All of the Company’s products are complementary to each other, providing exponential benefits when 
combined. By enabling customers to create and connect digital twins to physical and digital items, Digimarc’s products 
provide many benefits including: 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Automate improves product inspection by embedding imperceptible digital watermarks into 
products, labels, and packaging, which are detectable by standard vision systems. This significantly reduces 
mixing errors and mislabeling, ensuring higher accuracy and efficiency in production, fulfillment, and 
distribution facilities without additional costs for special inks or hardware. By enabling real-time data analysis 
and minimizing human error, Digimarc Automate enhances quality assurance, reduces waste, and lowers the 
risk of product recalls, giving brands a competitive edge. 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Engage activates products and multimedia to create and leverage an interactive, fully owned 
communications channel directly with consumers. Digimarc delivers dynamic, GS1 Digital Link-compliant 
QR codes and hyperlinks that provide contextual redirection capabilities for multiple consumer experiences 
(including personalized and automated loyalty and rewards programs) based on a variety of factors such as 
time and location or previous behavior. Connecting engagements across the physical and digital worlds in a 
singular view results in powerful new capabilities and insights for brands. 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Recycle increases the quality and quantity of recycled materials by digitizing products and 
packaging with digital watermarking technology. Coupled with consumer engagement capabilities, brands 
can leverage a direct, digital communications channel. Plus, Digimarc Recycle creates a cloud-based record 
of never-before-seen post-consumption data to provide new insights that benefit stakeholders across the value 
chain, including brands, facility operators, and Producer Responsibility Organizations (“PROs”). 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Retail Experience delivers smarter, connected packaging that supports next-generation retail 
checkout systems, including checkout efficiency (faster scanning) and checkout effectiveness (reduced 
shrinkage including gift card and price look-up fraud prevention), optimized operational processes, advanced 
consumer engagement experiences, compliance with upcoming industry standards, and the collection of 
powerful first-party data and consumer insights. 
  

21 
  
• 
Digimarc Validate supports authentication in the physical and digital worlds to help ensure online 
interactions can be trusted and that real products and digital assets are genuine and in the right place. 
Digimarc’s technology protects digital images, audio, product packaging, gift cards, and other physical items 
by delivering exclusive, covert digital watermarks and/or dynamic QR codes and a cloud-based record of 
product authentication information. In addition, consumer engagement capabilities provide a direct, digital 
communications channel. 
  
Digimarc has maintained a relationship with the Central Banks for nearly 30 years, providing trusted technology to 
help deter digital counterfeiting of currency. This relationship was the first commercially successful large-scale use of our 
technologies and protects billions of banknotes in circulation globally. 
  
Our intellectual property contains many innovations in digital watermarking, content and object recognition, 
product authentication, and related fields. To protect our inventions, we have implemented an extensive intellectual 
property protection program that relies on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, and 
nondisclosure agreements and other contracts. As a result, we believe we have one of the world’s most extensive patent 
portfolios in digital watermarking and related fields, with approximately 820 U.S. and foreign patents granted and 
applications pending as of December 31, 2024. The patents in our portfolio each have a life of approximately 20 years from 
the patent’s effective filing date. 
   
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 
  
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments 
that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and 
liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, contingencies, goodwill, 
income taxes, intangible assets, marketable securities, property and equipment and revenue recognition. We base our 
estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions we believe to be reasonable in the circumstances. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and/or conditions. 
  
Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We believe the 
following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our 
consolidated financial statements. 
  
Revenue recognition: 
  
Revenue is recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 “Revenue from 
Contracts with Customers” by applying the following steps: 
  
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer. 
  
Step 2: Identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract. 
  
Step 3: Determine the transaction price. 
  
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract. 
  
Step 5: Recognize when (or as) the entity satisfies the performance obligation(s). 
  
We derive our revenue primarily from software subscriptions and software development services. Applicable 
revenue recognition criteria are considered separately for each performance obligation as follows: 
  
  
• 
Subscription revenue consists primarily of revenue earned from subscription fees for access to our SaaS 
platform and products, and, to a lesser extent, licensing fees for our software products. The majority of 
subscription contracts are recurring, paid in advance and recognized over the term of the subscription, which 
is typically one to three years. 
  
  
• 
Service revenue consists primarily of revenue earned from the performance of software development services 
and, to a lesser extent, professional services. The majority of software development contracts are structured as 
time and materials consulting agreements. Revenue for services is generally recognized as the services are 
performed. Billing for services rendered generally occurs within one month after the services are provided. 
  

22 
Customer arrangements may contain multiple deliverables such as software platform subscriptions, software product 
subscriptions, and professional services. The subscriptions and services we offer are usually distinct performance 
obligations. When they are not capable of being distinct, they are combined with other subscriptions or services until a 
distinct performance obligation is identified. To determine the transaction price, we consider the terms of the contract and 
our customary business practices. Some contracts may contain variable consideration. In those cases, we estimate the 
amount of variable consideration based on the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration 
amounts. As part of this assessment, we will evaluate whether any of the variable consideration is constrained and if it is, 
we will not include it in the transaction price. The consideration is allocated between distinct performance obligations based 
on their stand-alone selling prices. When the standalone selling prices are not directly observable, we make estimates based 
on reasonably available information, including market conditions, specific factors affecting us, and information about the 
customer. We recognize the revenue associated with each performance obligation as we fulfil the obligation, which for 
subscriptions is typically recognized ratably over time and for services is typically recognized when they are performed. 
  
All revenue recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is considered to be revenue from contracts with 
customers. 
   
Results of Operations—the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 
  
The following tables present our consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated. 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Revenue: 
      
        
  
Subscription ...................................................................................................  $ 
22,418    $ 
18,973  
Service ............................................................................................................    
16,000      
15,878  
Total revenue ..........................................................................................    
38,418      
34,851  
Cost of revenue: 
      
        
  
Subscription (1) ...............................................................................................    
2,959      
2,975  
Service (1) ........................................................................................................    
6,628      
7,252  
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets ......................................    
4,592      
4,459  
Total cost of revenue ...............................................................................    
14,179      
14,686  
Gross profit ............................................................................................................    
24,239      
20,165  
Operating expenses: 
      
        
  
Sales and marketing .......................................................................................    
21,167      
22,409  
Research, development and engineering ........................................................    
26,209      
26,577  
General and administrative ............................................................................    
17,073      
18,071  
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets ......................................    
1,097      
1,065  
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements ............    
—      
250  
Total operating expenses .........................................................................    
65,546      
68,372  
Operating loss ........................................................................................................    
(41,307)     
(48,207) 
Other income, net ..................................................................................................    
2,341      
2,452  
Loss before income taxes ......................................................................................    
(38,966)     
(45,755) 
Provision for income taxes ....................................................................................     
(44 )     
(204 ) 
Net loss ...................................................................................................  $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959) 
  
 
 

23 
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
  
  
2023 
  
Percentages are percent of total revenue 
      
  
      
  
Revenue: 
      
  
      
  
Subscription ..................................................................................................     
58%     
54% 
Service ...........................................................................................................     
42%     
46% 
Total revenue .........................................................................................     
100%     
100% 
Cost of revenue: 
      
  
      
  
Subscription (1) ..............................................................................................     
8%     
9% 
Service (1) .......................................................................................................     
17%     
21% 
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets .....................................     
12%     
13% 
Total cost of revenue ..............................................................................     
37%     
42% 
Gross profit ...........................................................................................................     
63%     
58% 
Operating expenses: 
      
  
      
  
Sales and marketing ......................................................................................     
55%     
64% 
Research, development and engineering .......................................................     
68%     
76% 
General and administrative ...........................................................................     
44%     
52% 
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets .....................................     
3%     
3% 
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements ...........     
—%     
1% 
Total operating expenses ........................................................................     
171%     
196% 
Operating loss .......................................................................................................     
(108)%     
(138)% 
Other income, net .................................................................................................     
6%     
7% 
Loss before income taxes .....................................................................................     
(101)%     
(131)% 
Provision for income taxes ...................................................................................      
(— )%     
(1 )% 
Net loss ..................................................................................................     
(102)%     
(132)% 
 
(1) Cost of revenue for Subscription and Service excludes Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets 
  
Summary 
  
Total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, increased $3.6 million, or 10%, to $38.4 million, 
compared to $34.9 million for the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to $3.4 million of 
higher subscription revenue, which includes higher subscription revenue from new and existing commercial contracts, 
partially offset by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024. 
  
We expect that our subscription revenue in 2025 will be negatively impacted by the termination of a commercial 
contract that contributed $3.3 million of subscription revenue in 2024. This contract is expected to end in April 2025 and 
contribute $1.1 million of subscription revenue in 2025. Our subscription revenue in 2025 may also be impacted negatively 
by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024 that may or may not be extended. This contract contributed $2.1 
million of subscription revenue in 2024. We expect government service revenue in 2025 to be $1.7 million to $2.0 million 
lower than 2024 due to a smaller approved budget for program work in 2025.  
  
Total operating expenses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, decreased $2.8 million, or 4%, 
to $65.5 million, compared to $68.4 million for the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due 
to lower cash compensation costs of $1.5 million, lower stock compensation costs of $0.7 million, lower depreciation and 
amortization costs of $0.5 million, and lower lease impairment costs of $0.3 million, partially offset by $0.5 million of 
higher professional services and consulting costs. The $1.5 million decrease in cash compensation costs includes $1.5 
million of cash severance costs in 2023, and lower cash compensation costs of $1.0 million primarily reflecting lower 
headcount, net of annual compensation adjustments, partially offset by $0.6 million of cash severance costs in 2024 and 
$0.5 million of lower cash labor costs allocated to cost of revenue due to the amount and mix of billable labor hours 
incurred.  
  
We expect our expenses in 2025 to be significantly lower than 2024 due to the reorganization we announced on 
February 26, 2025. The reorganization is expected to reduce our cash expenses by approximately $16.5 million on an 
annualized basis. We have also identified approximately $5.5 million of other annualized cash cost savings. We expect to 
incur approximately $3.0 million in one-time reorganization costs in the first quarter of 2025. 
  

24 
Revenue 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
   
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)    Increase/(Decrease)   
Revenue: 
     
       
       
      
  
Subscription ........................................................  $ 22,418    $ 18,973    $ 
3,445    
18% 
Service .................................................................   16,000     15,878     
122    
1% 
Total .............................................................  $ 38,418    $ 34,851    $ 
3,567    
10% 
Revenue (as % of total revenue): 
     
       
       
      
  
Subscription ........................................................   
58%   
54%   
     
   
Service .................................................................   
42%   
46%   
     
   
Total .............................................................   
100%   
100%   
     
   
  
Subscription. Subscription revenue consists primarily of revenue earned from subscription fees for access to our 
SaaS platform and products and, to a lesser extent, licensing fees for our software products. The majority of subscription 
contracts are recurring, paid in advance and recognized over the term of the subscription, which is typically one to three 
years. 
  
The $3.4 million increase in subscription revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to higher subscription revenue from new and 
existing commercial contracts, partially offset by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024.  
  
Service. Service revenue consists primarily of revenue earned from the performance of software development 
services and, to a lesser extent, professional services. The majority of software development contracts are structured as time 
and materials agreements. Revenue for services is generally recognized as the services are performed. Billing for services 
rendered generally occurs within one month after the services are provided. Service contracts can range from days to 
several years in length. Our contract with the Central Banks, which accounts for the majority of our service revenue, has a 
contract term through December 31, 2029. The contract is subject to work plans that are reviewed and agreed upon 
quarterly. The contract provides for predetermined billing rates, which are adjusted annually to account for cost of living 
variables, and provides for the reimbursement of third party costs incurred to support the work plans. 
  
The $0.1 million increase in service revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to $0.6 million of higher service revenue from 
HolyGrail 2.0 recycling projects, partially offset by $0.4 million of lower other commercial service revenue and $0.2 
million of lower government service revenue.  
  
Revenue by geography 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Revenue by geography: 
     
       
       
       
  
Domestic ...........................................................   $ 10,195    $ 11,380    $ 
(1,185)   
(10)% 
International ......................................................    28,223     23,471     
4,752     
20% 
Total ...........................................................   $ 38,418    $ 34,851    $ 
3,567     
10% 
Revenue (as % of total revenue): 
     
       
       
       
  
Domestic ...........................................................    
27%   
33%   
      
   
International ......................................................    
73%   
67%   
      
   
Total ...........................................................    
100%   
100%   
      
   
  
Domestic. The $1.2 million decrease in domestic revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to $1.2 million of lower 
subscription revenue, which includes the impact of the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024 with a domestic 
customer, partially offset by higher subscription revenue from new and existing commercial contracts with domestic 
customers. 
  

25 
International. The $4.8 million increase in international revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to $4.6 million of higher 
subscription revenue from new and existing commercial contracts with international customers.  
  
Revenue by market 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Commercial: 
     
       
       
       
  
Subscription ......................................................   $ 21,218    $ 17,773    $ 
3,445     
19% 
Service ...............................................................    1,308     1,042     
266     
26% 
Total Commercial ......................................   $ 22,526    $ 18,815    $ 
3,711     
20% 
  
     
       
       
       
  
Government: 
     
       
       
       
  
Subscription ......................................................   $ 1,200    $ 1,200    $ 
—     
—% 
Service ...............................................................    14,692     14,836     
(144)   
(1)% 
Total Government ......................................   $ 15,892    $ 16,036    $ 
(144)   
(1)% 
Total ...........................................................   $ 38,418    $ 34,851    $ 
3,567     
10% 
  
     
       
       
       
  
Revenue (as % of total revenue): 
     
       
       
       
  
Commercial .......................................................    
59%   
54%   
      
   
Government .......................................................    
41%   
46%   
      
   
Total ...........................................................    
100%   
100%   
      
   
  
Commercial. The $3.7 million increase in commercial revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to $3.4 million of higher 
commercial subscription revenue, which includes higher revenue from new and existing commercial contracts, partially 
offset by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024, and $0.6 million of higher service revenue from HolyGrail 
2.0 recycling projects, partially offset by $0.4 million of lower other commercial service revenue.  
  
Government. The $0.1 million decrease in government revenue for twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to lower program work with 
the Central Banks. 
  
Annual Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) 
  
  
  
As of 
    
As of 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,     
Increase 
    
Increase 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
    
(Decrease) 
    
(Decrease) 
  
ARR ......................................................   $ 
19,964    $ 
22,251    $ 
(2,287)     
(10)% 
  
ARR decreased $2.3 million, or 10%, from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting 
a $5.8 million decrease in ARR due to the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024, partially offset by an increase 
in ARR from new and existing commercial contracts.  
  
We provide an ARR performance metric to help investors better understand and assess the performance of our 
business because our mix of revenue generated from recurring sources has increased in recent years. ARR is calculated as 
the aggregation of annualized subscription fees from all of our commercial contracts as of the measurement date. ARR does 
not have any standardized meaning and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by 
other companies. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue and is not intended to be combined 
with, or to replace, either of those items. ARR is not a forecast and the active contracts at the end of a reporting period used 
in calculating ARR may or may not be extended or renewed by our customers. 
  
 
 

26 
Cost of revenue 
  
Subscription. Cost of subscription revenue primarily includes: 
  
  
• 
internet cloud hosting costs and image search data fees to support our software subscriptions; and 
  
  
• 
amortization of capitalized patent costs and patent maintenance fees. 
  
Service. Cost of service revenue primarily includes: 
  
  
• 
compensation, benefits, incentive compensation in the form of cash and stock-based compensation and related 
costs of our software developers, quality assurance personnel, professional services team and other personnel 
where we bill our customers for time and materials costs; 
  
  
• 
payments to outside contractors that are billed to customers; 
  
  
• 
charges for equipment and software directly used by customers;  
  
  
• 
depreciation for equipment and software directly used by customers; and 
  
  
• 
travel costs that are billed to customers. 
   
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets. Amortization expense includes: 
  
  
• 
amortization expense recognized on the developed technology intangible asset acquired in the EVRYTHNG 
acquisition. 
  
Gross profit 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Gross Profit: 
     
       
       
       
  
Subscription (1) ..................................................   $ 19,459    $ 15,998    $ 
3,461     
22% 
Service (1) ...........................................................    9,372     8,626     
746     
9% 
Amortization expense on acquired intangible 
assets ..............................................................    (4,592)    (4,459)    
(133)   
(3)% 
Total ...........................................................   $ 24,239    $ 20,165    $ 
4,074     
20% 
Gross Profit Margin: 
     
       
       
       
  
Subscription (1) ..................................................    
87%   
84%   
      
   
Service (1) ...........................................................    
59%   
54%   
      
   
Total ...........................................................    
63%   
58%   
      
   
 
(1) Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin for Subscription and Service excludes amortization expense on acquired 
intangible assets. 
  
The $4.1 million increase in total gross profit for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to $3.4 million of higher subscription revenue 
and $0.6 million of lower cost of service revenue.  
  
The increase in subscription gross profit margin, excluding amortization expense on acquired intangible assets, for 
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, 
was primarily due to higher subscription revenue combined with a more favorable mix of subscription revenue. 
  
The increase in service gross profit margin, excluding amortization expense on acquired intangible assets, for the 
twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was 
primarily due to a more favorable mix of service revenue. 

27 
Operating expenses 
  
Sales and marketing 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Sales and marketing .................................................   $ 21,167    $ 22,409    $ 
(1,242)   
(6)% 
Sales and marketing (as % of total revenue) ............    
55%   
64%   
      
   
  
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of: 
  
  
• 
compensation, benefits, incentive compensation in the form of cash and stock-based compensation and related 
costs of our sales, marketing, product, operations and customer support personnel; 
  
  
• 
travel and market research costs, and costs associated with marketing programs, such as trade shows, public 
relations and new product launches; 
  
  
• 
professional services, consulting and outside contractor costs for sales and marketing and product initiatives; 
and 
  
  
• 
the allocation of facilities and information technology costs. 
   
The $1.2 million decrease in sales and marketing expenses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to: 
  
  
• 
lower cash compensation costs of $0.9 million, primarily reflecting lower headcount, net of annual 
compensation adjustments; 
  
  
• 
cash severance costs of $0.6 million in 2023; and 
  
  
• 
lower professional services and consulting costs of $0.5 million; partially offset by 
  
  
• 
cash severance costs of $0.6 million in 2024; and 
  
  
• 
lower cash labor costs allocated to cost of revenue of $0.4 million due to the amount and mix of billable labor 
hours incurred. 
  
Research, development and engineering 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Research, development and engineering ..................   $ 26,209    $ 26,577    $ 
(368)   
(1)% 
Research, development and engineering (as % of 
total revenue) ........................................................    
68%   
76%   
      
   
  
Research, development and engineering expenses arise primarily from three areas that support our business model: 
fundamental research, platform development and product development. 
  
Research, development and engineering expenses consist primarily of: 
  
  
• 
compensation, benefits, incentive compensation in the form of cash and stock-based compensation and related 
costs of our software and hardware developers and quality assurance personnel; 
  
  
• 
payments to outside contractors for software development services; 
  
  
• 
the purchase of materials and services for platform and product development; and 
  
  
• 
the allocation of facilities and information technology costs. 

28 
The $0.4 million decrease in research, development and engineering expenses for the twelve months ended 
December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to: 
  
  
• 
cash severance costs of $0.8 million in 2023; and 
  
  
• 
lower stock compensation costs of $0.4 million; partially offset by 
  
  
• 
higher professional services and consulting costs of $0.5 million; and  
  
  
• 
higher cash compensation costs of $0.2, primarily reflecting annual compensation adjustments, net of lower 
headcount. 
  
General and administrative 
  
  
 
Year Ended 
December 31,    
Dollar 
  
Percent 
  
  
 2024    2023    Increase/(Decrease)   Increase/(Decrease)   
General and administrative .........................................  $17,073   $18,071   $ 
(998)   
(6 )% 
General and administrative (as % of total revenue)....    
44%   
52%   
     
   
  
We incur general and administrative costs in the functional areas of finance, legal, human resources, intellectual 
property, executive, and board of directors. Costs for facilities and information technology are also managed as part of the 
general and administrative processes and are allocated to this area as well as each of the areas in sales and marketing and 
research, development and engineering, based on relative headcount. 
  
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of: 
  
  
• 
compensation, benefits and incentive compensation in the form of cash and stock-based compensation and 
related costs of our general and administrative personnel; 
  
  
• 
third party and professional fees associated with legal, accounting and human resources functions; 
   
  
• 
costs associated with being a public company; 
  
  
• 
third party costs, including filing and governmental regulatory fees and outside legal fees and translation 
costs, related to the filing and maintenance of our intellectual property; and 
  
  
• 
the allocation of facilities and information technology costs. 
  
The $1.0 million decrease in general and administrative expenses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to: 
  
  
• 
lower cash compensation costs of $0.4 million, primarily reflecting lower headcount, net of annual 
compensation adjustments; 
  
  
• 
lower stock compensation costs of $0.4 million; 
  
  
• 
lower depreciation and amortization costs of $0.3 million; and 
  
  
• 
lower other costs of $0.3 million, primarily reflecting lower accounting and tax costs; partially offset by 
  
  
• 
higher professional services and consulting costs of $0.4 million. 
  
 
 

29 
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31,     
Dollar 
   
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)    Increase/(Decrease)   
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets .....   $ 1,097    $ 1,065    $ 
32    
3% 
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets  
(as % of total revenue) ...............................................    
3%   
3%   
     
   
  
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets relates to amortization expense recognized on the customer 
relationships intangible asset acquired in the EVRYTHNG acquisition. 
  
The increase in amortization expense on acquired intangible assets was primarily due to the impact of changes in 
foreign currency exchange rates. 
  
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements 
  
  
 
Year Ended 
December 31,    
Dollar 
  
Percent 
  
  
 2024    2023    Increase/(Decrease)   Increase/(Decrease)   
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold 
improvements ............................................................. $ 
—   $ 250   $ 
(250)   
(100 )% 
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold 
improvements (as % of total revenue) ........................   
—%   
1%   
     
   
  
The $0.3 million decrease in impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements for the twelve 
months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily 
due to an impairment charge recorded in 2023 on our former corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. The lease on our 
former corporate headquarters expired on March 31, 2024. 
  
Stock-based compensation 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31,    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024    2023    Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Cost of revenue .............................................................  $ 
706   $ 1,126   $ 
(420)   
(37)% 
Sales and marketing ......................................................   2,788    2,640    
148     
6% 
Research, development and engineering .......................   2,522    2,962    
(440)   
(15)% 
General and administrative ............................................   4,013    4,430    
(417)   
(9)% 
Total stock-based compensation ............................  $ 10,029   $ 11,158   $ 
(1,129)   
(10)% 
  
The $1.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 
compared to the corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to:  
  
  
• 
stock-based severance costs of $0.6 million incurred in 2023; 
  
  
• 
reversal of stock compensation expenses of $0.4 million on unvested stock awards that were forfeited in 
2024; and  
  
  
• 
lower amount of employee equity grants made in 2024 resulting in lower expense of $0.3 million. 
   
We anticipate incurring an additional $16.2 million in stock-based compensation expense through December 31, 
2028 for awards outstanding as of December 31, 2024. 
  
 
 

30 
Leases 
  
In February 2022, we entered into a sublease agreement and lease extension agreement for office space in Beaverton, 
Oregon in order to move our corporate headquarters. The new facility is approximately 65,500 square feet in size. The term 
of the sublease and lease extension runs through September 2030. The remaining rent payments as of December 31, 2024 
were $7.8 million plus operating expenses, payable in monthly installments. The first 26 months of rent payments and 
operating expenses were abated to cover the remaining term of the lease on our former corporate headquarters. 
  
The lease term of our former corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon ended in March 2024, with no remaining 
rent payments as of December 31, 2024. The Company stopped using this office space as its corporate headquarters in 
March 2022.                                                                  
  
Other income, net 
  
  
  
Year Ended 
December 31,     
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  2024     2023     Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Other income, net .........................................................   $ 2,341    $ 2,452    $ 
(111)   
(5)% 
Other income, net (as % of total revenue) ....................    
6%   
7%   
      
   
  
The $0.1 million decrease in other income, net for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to $0.1 million of lower refundable research 
and development tax credits, and $0.1 million of foreign currency losses, partially offset by $0.1 million of higher interest 
income on our marketable securities. 
  
Provision for income taxes 
  
The provision for income taxes reflects current taxes and deferred taxes. 
  
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our effective tax rate was 0%, reflecting a valuation allowance recorded 
against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance against deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 was 
$104.4 million, an increase of $9.1 million from $95.3 million as of December 31, 2023. We continually assess the 
applicability of a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. Based upon the positive and negative evidence 
available as of December 31, 2024, and largely due to the cumulative loss incurred by us over the preceding three years, 
which is considered a significant piece of negative evidence when assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, a 
valuation allowance is recorded against our deferred tax assets. We will not record tax benefits on any future losses until it 
is determined that those tax benefits will be realized. All future reversals of the valuation allowance would result in a tax 
benefit in the period recognized. 
  
For the year ended December 31, 2023, our effective tax rate was 0%, reflecting a valuation allowance recorded 
against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance against deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023, was $95.3 
million, an increase of $12.3 million from $83.0 million as of December 31, 2022. 
  
Non-GAAP Financial Measures 
  
The following discussion and analysis includes both financial measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“GAAP”) 
as well as non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a 
company’s performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes amounts that are not normally excluded in the most 
directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures should be 
viewed as supplemental to, and should not be considered as alternatives to, GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP 
financial measures may not be indicative of the historical operating results of the Company nor are they intended to be 
predictive of potential future results. Investors should not consider non-GAAP financial measures in isolation or as 
substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Our management uses and relies on Non-
GAAP gross profit, Non-GAAP gross profit margin, Non-GAAP operating expenses, Non-GAAP net loss, and Non-GAAP 
loss per share (diluted), which are all non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that both management and shareholders 
benefit from referring to the following non-GAAP financial measures in planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods. 
  

31 
Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in evaluating its financial and operational decision 
making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Our management recognizes that the non-GAAP 
financial measures have inherent limitations because of the described excluded items. 
  
We define Non-GAAP gross profit, Non-GAAP gross profit margin, Non-GAAP operating expenses, Non-GAAP 
net loss, and Non-GAAP loss per share (diluted) excluding the adjustments in the table below. These non-GAAP financial 
measures are an important measure of our operating performance because they allow management, investors and analysts to 
evaluate and assess our core operating results from period-to-period after removing non-cash and non-recurring activities 
that can affect comparability. 
  
We have included a reconciliation of our financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP to the most 
comparable non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that providing the non-GAAP financial measures, together with the 
reconciliation to GAAP, helps investors make comparisons between us and other companies. In making any comparisons to 
other companies, investors need to be aware that companies use different non-GAAP measures to evaluate their financial 
performance. Investors should pay close attention to the specific definitions being used and to the reconciliation between 
such measures and the corresponding GAAP measures provided by each company under applicable SEC rules. 
   
The following table presents a reconciliation of Non-GAAP gross profit, Non-GAAP gross profit margin, Non-
GAAP operating expenses, Non-GAAP net loss, and Non-GAAP loss per share (diluted) for the years ended December 31, 
2024 and 2023: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
GAAP gross profit ................................................................................................   $ 
24,239    $ 
20,165  
Amortization of acquired intangible assets ...................................................     
4,592      
4,459  
Amortization and write-off of other intangible assets ...................................      
544       
573   
Stock-based compensation ............................................................................     
706      
1,126  
Non-GAAP gross profit .........................................................................   $ 
30,081    $ 
26,323  
Non-GAAP gross profit margin .............................................................      
78 %     
76 % 
  
      
        
  
GAAP operating expenses....................................................................................   $ 
65,546    $ 
68,372  
Depreciation and write-off of property and equipment .................................      
(728 )     
(1,121 ) 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets ...................................................      
(1,097 )     
(1,065 ) 
Amortization and write-off of other intangible assets ...................................      
(276 )     
(393 ) 
Amortization of lease right of use assets under operating leases ..................      
(358 )     
(517 ) 
Stock-based compensation ............................................................................     
(9,323 )     
(10,032) 
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements ...........     
—      
(250) 
Non-GAAP operating expenses .............................................................   $ 
53,764    $ 
54,994  
  
      
        
  
GAAP net loss ......................................................................................................   $ 
(39,010 )   $ 
(45,959) 
Total adjustments to gross profit ...................................................................     
5,842      
6,158  
Total adjustments to operating expenses .......................................................     
11,782      
13,378  
Non-GAAP net loss ...............................................................................   $ 
(21,386 )   $ 
(26,423) 
  
      
        
  
GAAP loss per share (diluted) .............................................................................    $ 
(1.83 )   $ 
(2.26 ) 
Non-GAAP net loss ...............................................................................   $ 
(21,386 )   $ 
(26,423) 
Non-GAAP loss per share (diluted) .......................................................    $ 
(1.01 )   $ 
(1.30 ) 
  
Non-GAAP gross profit for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding twelve 
months ended December 31, 2023, increased by $3.8 million primarily due to higher subscription revenue and lower cost of 
service revenue. 
  
Non-GAAP gross profit margin for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding 
twelve months ended December 31, 2023, increased by 2 percentage points primarily due to higher subscription revenue 
combined with a more favorable mix of subscription revenue. 
  

32 
Non-GAAP operating expenses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding 
twelve months ended December 31, 2023, decreased by $1.2 million primarily due to $1.5 million of lower cash 
compensation costs, partially offset by higher professional services and consulting costs of $0.5 million. The $1.5 million 
decrease in cash compensation costs includes $1.5 million of cash severance costs in 2023, and lower cash compensation 
costs of $1.0 million primarily reflecting lower headcount, net of annual compensation adjustments, partially offset by $0.6 
million of cash severance costs in 2024 and $0.5 million of lower cash labor costs allocated to cost of revenue due to the 
amount and mix of billable labor hours incurred. 
  
Liquidity and Capital Resources 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Working capital .......................................................................................................  $ 
30,193    $ 
24,555  
Current ratio (1) ........................................................................................................    
4.3:1      
3:1  
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities ..................................  $ 
28,730    $ 
27,182  
Long-term marketable securities ............................................................................      
—       
—   
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities ....................................  $ 
28,730    $ 
27,182  
 
(1) The current (liquidity) ratio is calculated by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities. 
  
The $1.5 million increase in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at December 31, 2024, from December 
31, 2023, resulted primarily from: 
  
  
• 
net proceeds from the issuance of common stock; partially offset by 
  
  
• 
cash used in operations; 
  
  
• 
purchases of common stock related to tax withholding in connection with the vesting of restricted stock, 
restricted stock units, and performance restricted stock units; and 
  
  
• 
purchases of property and equipment and capitalized patent costs. 
   
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash 
equivalents, marketable securities, and trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with major banks 
and financial institutions and at times deposits may exceed insured limits. Marketable securities include commercial paper, 
U.S. treasuries, and federal agency notes. Our investment policy requires our portfolio to be invested to ensure that the 
greater of $3.0 million or 7% of the invested funds will be available within 30 days’ notice. 
  
Other than cash used for operating needs, which may include short-term marketable securities, our investment policy 
limits our credit exposure to any one financial institution or type of financial instrument by limiting the maximum of 5% of 
our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities or $1.0 million, whichever is greater, to be invested in any one 
issuer except for the U.S. government, U.S. federal agencies and U.S. backed securities, which have no limits, at the time of 
purchase. Our investment policy also limits our credit exposure by limiting to a maximum of 40% of our cash and cash 
equivalents and marketable securities, or $15.0 million, whichever is greater, to be invested in any one industry category, 
(e.g., financial, energy, etc.), at the time of purchase. As a result, we believe our credit risk associated with cash and 
investments to be minimal. 
  
A decline in the market value of any security that is deemed to be other-than-temporary is charged to earnings. To 
determine whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, we consider whether we have the ability and intent to hold the 
investment until a market price recovery and evidence indicating that the cost of the investment is recoverable outweighs 
evidence to the contrary. There have been no other-than-temporary impairments identified or recorded by us in the years 
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
  
 
 

33 
Cash flows from operating activities 
  
  
  
Year Ended  
December 31, 
    
Dollar 
    
Percent 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
    Increase/(Decrease)     Increase/(Decrease)   
Net loss ..........................................................  $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959)  $ 
(6,949)    
(15)% 
Non-cash items..............................................     
17,641       
19,556       
1,915       
10 % 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities ....     
(5,203 )     
4,408       
9,611       
218 % 
Net cash used in operating activities ......  $ 
(26,572)   $ 
(21,995)  $ 
4,577      
21% 
  
Cash flows used in operating activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, increased by $4.6 million, primarily as a result of $9.6 million 
from unfavorable timing of changes in operating assets and liabilities, and $1.9 million of lower non-cash items included in 
net loss, partially offset by $7.0 million lower net loss. The unfavorable timing of changes in operating assets and liabilities 
are largely due to the amount and timing of customer receipts, vendor payments, and refundable research and development 
tax credits. Customer receipts were negatively impacted by $5.8 million related to the expiration of a commercial contract 
in June 2024. The change in non-cash items primarily reflects lower stock-based compensation, depreciation, and 
amortization expenses.   
  
Cash flows from investing activities 
  
Cash flows from investing activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, decreased by $23.8 million, primarily as a result of higher 
purchases of marketable securities, and lower net proceeds from maturities of marketable securities.     
  
Cash flows from financing activities 
  
Cash flows from financing activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to the 
corresponding twelve months ended December 31, 2023, increased by $31.5 million, primarily as a result of the $32.2 
million of net cash proceeds raised from our registered direct stock offering in February 2024, partially offset by higher 
purchases of common stock.  
  
Future cash expectations 
  
Under the rules of ASC Subtopic 205-40 “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern” (“ASC 205-40”), 
companies are required to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about their ability to meet their 
future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. This 
evaluation takes into account a company’s current available cash and projected cash needs over the one-year evaluation 
period but may not consider things beyond its control. We have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from 
operating activities during the last several years, and depending on future results, may continue to incur such losses and 
negative cash flows in the future. We believe our currently available cash and marketable securities will satisfy our 
projected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. 
  
We expect that our subscription revenue in 2025 will be negatively impacted by the termination of a commercial 
contract that contributed $3.3 million of subscription revenue in 2024. This contract is expected to end in April 2025 and 
contribute $1.1 million of subscription revenue in 2025. Our subscription revenue in 2025 may also be impacted negatively 
by the expiration of a commercial contract in June 2024 that may or may not be extended. This contract contributed $2.1 
million of subscription revenue in 2024. We expect government service revenue in 2025 to be $1.7 million to $2.0 million 
lower than 2024 due to a smaller approved budget for program work in 2025.  
  
We expect our expenses in 2025 to be significantly lower than 2024 due to the reorganization we announced on 
February 26, 2025. The reorganization is expected to reduce our cash expenses by approximately $16.5 million on an 
annualized basis. We have also identified approximately $5.5 million of other annualized cash cost savings. We expect to 
incur approximately $3.0 million in one-time reorganization costs in the first quarter of 2025. 
  
 
 

34 
Registered Direct Offering 
  
On February 24, 2024, we entered into purchase agreements with certain investors providing for the issuance and 
sale by us of 929 thousand common shares in a registered direct stock offering. The common shares were offered at a price 
of $35.00 per share, and the gross cash proceeds to us were $32.5 million. We incurred $0.3 million of legal costs related to 
the offering. The closing of the registered direct offering occurred on February 27, 2024. 
  
Equity Distribution Agreement 
  
On February 27, 2024, we provided notice to Wells Fargo Securities, LLC of our intention to terminate the Equity 
Distribution Agreement that had previously been in place, with an effective date of March 1, 2024. No shares were sold 
under the Equity Distribution Agreement during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
   
Shelf Registration 
  
On June 23, 2023, we filed a new shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that included $34.6 million of unsold 
securities from our prior shelf registration statement filed on June 5, 2020. The new shelf registration statement became 
effective on July 19, 2023, and expires on July 19, 2026. Under the new shelf registration statement, we may sell securities 
in one or more offerings up to $100.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, $67.5 million remained available under the 
new shelf registration statement.  
  
We may sell shares under the shelf registration and/or use similar or other financing means to raise working capital 
in the future, if necessary, to support continued investment in our growth initiatives. We may also raise capital in the future 
to fund acquisitions and/or investments in complementary businesses, technologies or product lines. If it becomes necessary 
to obtain additional financing, we may not be able to do so, or if these funds are available, they may not be available on 
satisfactory terms. These factors may inhibit our near-term ability to obtain financing. 
  
Forward-Looking Statements 
  
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933. Words such as “may,” “might,” “plan,” 
“should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “project,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “continue,” and variations 
of such terms or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements within the meaning of the 
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements, or other statements made by us, are 
made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting us, and are subject to uncertainties and 
factors (including those specified below), which are difficult to predict and, in many instances, are beyond our control. As a 
result, our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any such forward-looking statements, 
and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. We believe that the following factors, among 
others (including those described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors”), could affect our future performance and the liquidity and 
value of our securities and cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking 
statements made by us. Forward-looking statements include but are not limited to statements relating to: 
  
  
• 
the concentration of most of our revenue among few customers and the trends and sources of future revenue; 
  
  
• 
anticipated successful advocacy of our technology by our partners; 
  
  
• 
anticipated revenue to be generated from current contracts, renewals and expirations or terminations of 
contracts, and new programs;                 
  
  
• 
our belief regarding the global deployment of our products; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs regarding potential outcomes of participating in the HolyGrail 2.0 initiative and the utility of our 
products in the recycling industry; 
  
  
• 
our future level of investment in our business, including investment in research, development and engineering 
of products and technology, development of our intellectual property, sales growth initiatives and 
development of new market opportunities; 
  
 
 

35 
  
• 
anticipated expenses, costs, margins, provision for income taxes and investment activities in the foreseeable 
future; 
  
  
• 
our assumptions and expectations related to stock awards; 
  
  
• 
our belief that we have one of the world’s most extensive patent portfolios in digital watermarking and related 
fields; 
  
  
• 
anticipated effects of our adoption of accounting pronouncements; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs regarding our critical accounting policies; 
  
  
• 
our expectations regarding the impact of accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted; 
   
  
• 
our estimates, judgments and assumptions related to impairment testing; 
  
  
• 
variability of contracted arrangements in response to changes in circumstances underlying the original 
contractual arrangements; 
  
  
• 
business opportunities that could require that we seek additional financing and our ability to do so; 
  
  
• 
the size and growth of our markets and our assumptions and beliefs related to those markets; 
  
  
• 
the existence of international growth opportunities and our future investment in such opportunities; 
  
  
• 
our expected short-term and long-term liquidity positions; 
  
  
• 
our capital expenditure and working capital requirements and our ability to fund our capital expenditure and 
working capital needs through cash flow from operations or financing; 
  
  
• 
our expectations regarding our ability to meet future financial obligations as they become due within the 
coming fiscal year; 
  
  
• 
the effect of computerized trading on our stock price; 
  
  
• 
capital market conditions, our expectations regarding credit risk exposure, interest rate volatility and other 
limitations on the availability of capital, which could have an impact on our cost of capital and our ability to 
access the capital markets; 
  
  
• 
our use of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in upcoming quarters and the possibility that our 
deposits of cash and cash equivalents with major banks and financial institutions may exceed insured limits; 
  
  
• 
the strength of our competitive position and our ability to innovate and enhance our competitive 
differentiation; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs related to our existing facilities; 
  
  
• 
protection, development and monetization of our intellectual property portfolio; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs related to our relationship with our employees and the effect of increasing diversity within our 
workforce; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs regarding cybersecurity incidents; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs related to certain provisions in our bylaws and articles of incorporation; 
  
  
• 
our beliefs related to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business; and 
  
  
• 
other risks detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the risk factors set 
forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” 
  

36 
We believe that the risk factors specified above and the risk factors contained in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” among 
others, could affect our future performance and the liquidity and value of our securities and cause our actual results to differ 
materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Investors should 
understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors and that there may be other factors that may cause our 
actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements made by us or by 
persons acting on our behalf apply only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not undertake any 
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or 
circumstances that arise after the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
  
ITEM 7A:       QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 
  
Not applicable. 
   
ITEM 8:          FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 
  
Our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes that are filed as part of this Annual Report are 
listed under Part III, Item 15, Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules and are set forth beginning on page F-1 
immediately following the signature page of this Form 10-K. 
  
ITEM 9:  
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 
  
None 
  
ITEM 9A:        CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 
  
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
  
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined 
in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 
10-K. These disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in 
reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our 
management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely 
decisions regarding required disclosure. 
  
Based on our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure 
controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, were effective. 
  
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 
  
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as 
defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial 
reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 
  
Because of inherent limitations, any control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only 
reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Management is committed to continue 
monitoring our internal controls over financial reporting and will modify or implement additional controls and procedures 
that may be required to ensure the ongoing integrity of our consolidated financial statements. 
  
With the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an 
evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal 
Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission, (“COSO”). Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that internal control over financial reporting 
was effective as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K based on those criteria. 
  
 
 

37 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 
  
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 
31, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial 
reporting. 
  
ITEM 9B:         OTHER INFORMATION  
  
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a 
“Rule10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of 
Regulation S-K. 
  
ITEM 9C:         DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS 
  
Not applicable 
  
  
  
 
 

38 
PART III  
  
Certain information required by Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to 
the Proxy Statement for our 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, which we intend to file no later than 120 days after the 
end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
  
ITEM 10:         DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 
  
Code of Ethics 
  
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial 
officer and controller, as well as a Code of Ethics for Financial Professionals that applies to our principal financial officer 
and controller. We have made these codes available in the Corporate Governance section of our website at 
http://www.digimarc.com/about/company/corporate-governance. If we waive, or implicitly waive, any material provision 
of the codes, or substantively amend the codes, we will disclose that fact on our website within four business days. 
  
The other information required by this item will be included in the Proxy Statement, which we intend to file with the 
SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is 
incorporated herein by reference.  
  
ITEM 11:         EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 
  
The information required by this item will be included in the Proxy Statement, which we intend to file with the SEC 
no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated 
herein by reference.  
  
ITEM 12:  
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
  
The information required by this item will be included in the Proxy Statement, which we intend to file with the SEC 
no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated 
herein by reference. 
  
ITEM 13:  
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE 
  
The information required by this item will be included in the Proxy Statement, which we intend to file with the SEC 
no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated 
herein by reference.  
  
ITEM 14:         PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 
  
The information required by this item will be included in the Proxy Statement, which we intend to file with the SEC 
no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated 
herein by reference. 
  
  
 
 

39 
ITEM 15:         EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 
  
(a)(1) Financial Statements 
  
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: 
  
  
(i) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 
  
  
(ii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
  
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules 
  
All schedules have been omitted since they are not required or are not applicable or the required information is 
shown in the consolidated financial statements or related notes. 
  
(a)(3) Exhibits 
  
EXHIBIT INDEX 
  
The agreements included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this report may contain representations and 
warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely 
for the benefit of the other party or parties to the applicable agreement and: 
  
  
• 
were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a means of allocating the risk to 
one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; 
  
  
• 
were qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party or parties in connection with the negotiation of
the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement; 
  
  
• 
may apply standards of “materiality” that are different from “materiality” under the securities laws; and 
  
  
• 
were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or other date or dates that may be specified in the 
agreement. 
  
Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were 
made or at any other time. Additional information about Digimarc may be found elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 
10-K and in Digimarc’s other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC’s website at 
http://www.sec.gov. 
  
  
 
 

40 
Exhibit 
Number 
Exhibit Description 
2.1 
Separation Agreement among DMRC Corporation, DMRC LLC, Digimarc Corporation and, with respect to 
certain sections, L-1 Identity Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Amendment No. 2 
to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the Commission on August 13, 2008 (File 
No. 001-34108))† 
2.2 
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 30, 2010 between Digimarc Corporation, a Delaware 
corporation, and Digimarc Oregon Corporation, an Oregon corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on May 4, 2010 (File No. 
001-34108)) 
2.3 
Share Purchase Agreement dated November 15, 2021 between Digimarc Corporation, an Oregon 
corporation, and EVRYTHNG Limited, a company incorporated and registered in England, the sellers party 
thereto, and Fortis Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 4, 2022 
(File No. 001-34108)) 
3.1 
Articles of Incorporation of Digimarc Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on October 30, 2020 (File No. 001-
34108)) 
3.2 
Bylaws of Digimarc Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on May 4, 2010 (File No. 001-34108)) 
4.1 
Specimen common stock certificate of Digimarc Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on July 25, 2014 (File No. 001-
34108)) 
4.2 
Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 
10-K, filed with the Commission on February 27, 2020 (File No. 001-34108)) 
4.3 
Warrant Agency Agreement, dated January 3, 2022, between Digimarc Corporation and Broadridge 
Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 4, 2022 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.1 
License Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2008, between DMRC Corporation and L-1 Identity Solutions 
Operating Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s 
Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the Commission on October 2, 2008 (File No. 001-34108))(1) 
10.2 
Counterfeit Deterrence System Development and License Agreement Amendment, dated December 1, 2022, 
and effective January 1, 2023, between Digimarc Corporation and Bank for International Settlements 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the 
Commission on March 2, 2023 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.3 
Digimarc Corporation 2008 Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on April 25, 2014 (File No. 001-
34108)) 
*10.4 
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Digimarc Corporation and each of its executive officers and 
directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Digimarc Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-
K, as filed by Digimarc Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2006 (File 
No. 000-28317)) 
*10.5 
Form of Change of Control Retention Agreement entered into by and between Digimarc Corporation and 
Mr. Meyer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed 
with the Commission on February 22, 2019 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.6 
Patent License Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2009, between Digimarc Corporation and The Nielsen 
Company (US), LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 
10-Q, filed with the Commission on July 31, 2009 (File No. 001-34108))(2) 
10.7 
Limited Liability Company I Agreement, dated June 11, 2009, between Digimarc Corporation and The 
Nielsen Company (US), LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report 
on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on July 31, 2009 (File No. 001-34108))(2) 

41 
10.8 
Limited Liability Company II Agreement, dated June 11, 2009 between Digimarc Corporation and The 
Nielsen Company (US), LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report 
on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on July 31, 2009 (File No. 001-34108))(2) 
10.9 
Lease Agreement, dated March 22, 2004, between Digimarc Corporation and PS Business Parks, L.P., as 
amended on May 13, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on July 30, 2010 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.10 
Second Amendment to Lease, dated July 31, 2015, between PD Office Owner 9, L.P. and Digimarc 
Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, 
filed with the Commission on October 30, 2015 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.11 
Patent Rights Agreement, dated October 5, 2010, between Digimarc Corporation and IV Digital Multimedia 
Inventions, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-
K, filed with the Commission on March 3, 2011 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.12 
Digimarc Corporation 2018 Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the 
Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Commission on March 28, 2023 
(file No. 001-34108)) 
*10.13 
Equity Compensation Program for Non-Employee Directors Under the Digimarc 2018 Incentive Plan 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the 
Commission on August 8, 2023 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.14 
Grant-Back License Agreement, dated October 5, 2010, between Digimarc Corporation and IV Digital 
Multimedia Inventions, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report 
on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on May 2, 2019 (File No. 001-34108)) (5) 
10.15 
Amendment No. 1 to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated August 6, 2020, between Digimarc Corporation 
and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on October 30, 2020 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.16 
Employment Agreement, effective as of August 10, 2020, between Digimarc Corporation and Bruce Davis 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the 
Commission on August 14, 2020 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.17 
Subscription Agreement, dated September 29, 2020, between the Company and TCM Strategic Partners L.P. 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the 
Commission on September 29, 2020 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.18 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 29, 2020, between the Company and TCM Strategic 
Partners L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed 
with the Commission on September 29, 2020 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.19 
Work Agreement, dated October 5, 2010, by and among Digimarc Corporation, Invention Law Group, P.C. 
and IV Digital Multimedia Inventions, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Commission on April 29, 2021 (File No. 001-34108)) + 
*10.20 
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated April 12, 2021, between Digimarc Corporation and Bruce 
Davis (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed 
with the Commission on April 29, 2021 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.21 
Employment Agreement, dated April 12, 2021, between Digimarc Corporation and Riley McCormack 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the 
Commission on April 29, 2021 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.22 
Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2023, between Digimarc 
Corporation and Riley McCormack (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on February 29, 2024 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.23 
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated December 28, 2021, between Digimarc Corporation and 
Robert Chamness (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-
K, filed with the Commission on March 7, 2022 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.24 
Sublease Agreement, dated February 4, 2022, by and between Fiserv Solutions, LLC and Digimarc 
Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, 
filed with the Commission on March 7, 2022 (File No. 001-34108)) 

42 
10.25 
Lease Extension Agreement, dated February 4, 2022, between Portland 1 LLC and Digimarc Corporation 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the 
Commission on March 7, 2022 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.26 
Form of Change of Control Retention Agreement entered into between Digimarc Corporation and Mr. 
Meyer incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed 
with the Commission on March 7, 2022 (File No. 001-34108)) 
*10.27 
Digimarc Corporation Short-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on February 29, 2024 (File No. 001-
34108)) 
*10.28 
Consulting Agreement, entered into as of January 9, 2024, by and between the Company and Andrew 
Walter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed 
with the Commission on February 29, 2024 (File No. 001-34108)) 
10.29 
Form of Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated February 24, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on February 26, 2024 (File 
No. 001-34108)) 
*10.30 
Form of Executive Retention Agreement entered into between Digimarc Corporation and each of Ms. Quinn 
and Messrs. Beck, Benton, Karamanos, Rodriguez, and Sickles 
*10.31 
Executive Retention Agreement entered into between Digimarc Corporation and Mr. McCormack 
10.32 
Counterfeit Deterrence System Development and License Agreement, dated as of December 6, 2012, 
between Digimarc Corporation and the Bank for International Settlements +  
21.1 
List of Subsidiaries 
23.1 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
31.1 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer 
31.2 
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer 
32.1 
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer 
32.2 
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer 
97 
Digimarc Corporation Incentive Compensation Recovery Policy 
101.INS 
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File 
because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document 
101.SCH 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 
101.CAL 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 
101.DEF 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 
101.LAB 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 
101.PRE 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 
104 
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) 
 
 
 

43 
 
* 
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. 
† 
Schedules and certain exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. 
Digimarc hereby undertakes to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) copies of the 
omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the Commission. 
+ 
Certain identified portions of this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K. 
(1) Confidential treatment has been granted for certain portions omitted from this exhibit pursuant to an order granted by 
the Commission on October 21, 2008, under Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 
Confidential portions of this exhibit have been separately filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 
(2) Confidential treatment has been granted for certain portions omitted from this exhibit pursuant to an order granted by 
the Commission on September 10, 2009, under Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 
Confidential portions of this exhibit have been separately filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 
(3) Confidential treatment has been granted for certain portions omitted from this exhibit pursuant to an order granted by 
the Commission on May 6, 2016, under Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 
Confidential portions of this exhibit have been separately filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 
(4) Confidential treatment has been granted for certain portions omitted from this exhibit pursuant to an order granted by 
the Commission on September 3, 2013, under Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 
Confidential portions of this exhibit have been separately filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 
(5) Confidential treatment has been requested for certain portions omitted from this exhibit pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under 
the Exchange Act. Confidential portions of this exhibit have been separately filed with the SEC. 
  
 
 

44 
SIGNATURES 
  
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 
  
  
  
  DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
  
  
    
Date: February 27, 2025 
By:  
/S/ CHARLES BECK 
  
  
  
Charles Beck 
Title: Chief Financial Officer 
  
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 
following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: 
  
Signature 
  
Title 
  
Date  
  
    
    
/S/ RILEY MCCORMACK 
  President, Chief Executive Officer and Director   
February 27, 2025 
Riley McCormack 
  (Principal Executive Officer) 
    
  
    
    
/S/ CHARLES BECK 
  Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer 
  
February 27, 2025 
Charles Beck 
  (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 
    
  
    
    
/S/ KATIE KOOL 
  Chair of the Board of Directors 
  
February 27, 2025 
Katie Kool 
    
    
  
    
    
/S/ DANA MCILWAIN 
  Director 
  
February 27, 2025 
Dana Mcilwain 
    
    
  
    
    
/S/ LASHONDA ANDERSON-WILLIAMS 
  Director 
  
February 27, 2025 
LaShonda Anderson-Williams 
    
    
  
    
    
/S/ MICHAEL PARK 
  Director 
  
February 27, 2025 
Michael Park 
    
    
  
    
    
/S/ SANDEEP DADLANI 
  Director 
  
February 27, 2025 
Sandeep Dadlani 
    
    
  
    
    
/S/ SHEILA CHESTON 
  Director 
  
February 27, 2025 
Sheila Cheston 
    
    
  
  

F-1 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
  
  
Page  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ..........................................................................................  
F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets .........................................................................................................................................  
F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss................................................................................  
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity ........................................................................................................  
F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows .......................................................................................................................  
F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements .................................................................................................................  
F-8
  
  
  
 
 

F-2 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
  
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors 
Digimarc Corporation: 
 
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements 
  
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Digimarc Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) 
as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ 
equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes 
(collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in 
all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its 
operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with 
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. 
  
Basis for Opinion 
  
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to 
express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm 
registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 
  
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an 
audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of 
internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 
  
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included 
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our 
audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable 
basis for our opinion. 
  
Critical Audit Matter 
  
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial 
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts 
or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, 
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the 
consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, 
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 
  
  
 
 

F-3 
Revenue recognition for new contracts 
  
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded $38,418 thousand of total revenue 
for the year ended December 31, 2024, of which $22,418 thousand was subscription revenue and $16,000 thousand was 
service revenue. Customer arrangements may contain multiple performance obligations such as software subscriptions, 
software products, software development services, and/or maintenance and support fees. The Company accounts for 
individual products and services separately if they are distinct. The Company derives its revenue primarily from software 
subscriptions and software development services with a wide range of software and service offerings. 
  
We identified the evaluation of the Company’s revenue recognition related to new contracts entered during the year as a 
critical audit matter. Challenging auditor judgment was required to evaluate the potential impact of specific contract terms 
on revenue recognition due to the unique nature of new revenue contracts within each software and service offering. 
  
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design of 
certain internal controls related to the Company’s revenue recognition process, including a control over the Company’s 
assessment of the contract terms and applicable revenue recognition requirements for new contracts. For a selection of new 
contracts, we read the contract and evaluated the Company’s assessment of the contract terms and revenue recognition. For 
certain contracts, we confirmed the relevant contract terms directly with the Company’s customers and compared them to 
the terms utilized by the Company to record revenue. We assessed the recorded revenue by selecting a sample of 
transactions and comparing the revenue recognized for consistency with the terms of the underlying documentation, 
including contracts with customers. For a selection of revenue contracts entered during the year, we interviewed personnel 
outside of the accounting function to consider any other relevant facts and circumstances and their impact on revenue 
recognition. 
                                                                                                                                                                                
  
/s/ KPMG LLP 
  
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010. 
  
Portland, Oregon 
February 27, 2025 
  
  
 
 

F-4 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
ASSETS 
      
        
  
Current assets: 
      
        
  
Cash and cash equivalents .......................................................................................   $ 
12,365    $ 
21,456  
Marketable securities ..............................................................................................      
16,365       
5,726   
Trade accounts receivable, net ................................................................................     
6,412      
5,813  
Other current assets .................................................................................................     
4,189      
4,085  
Total current assets ..........................................................................................     
39,331      
37,080  
Property and equipment, net ...........................................................................................     
1,040      
1,570  
Intangibles, net ...............................................................................................................     
22,191      
28,458  
Goodwill .........................................................................................................................     
8,532      
8,641  
Lease right of use assets .................................................................................................     
3,659      
4,017  
Other assets ....................................................................................................................     
1,013      
786  
Total assets .......................................................................................................   $ 
75,766    $ 
80,552  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
      
        
  
Current liabilities: 
      
        
  
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities .......................................................   $ 
5,118    $ 
6,672  
Deferred revenue .....................................................................................................     
4,020      
5,853  
Total current liabilities .....................................................................................     
9,138      
12,525  
Long-term lease liabilities ..............................................................................................     
5,213      
5,994  
Other long-term liabilities ..............................................................................................     
56      
106  
Total liabilities .................................................................................................     
14,407      
18,625  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) 
      
        
  
Shareholders’ equity: 
      
        
  
Preferred stock (par value $0.001 per share, 2,500 authorized, 10 shares issued 
and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023) .......................     
50      
50  
Common stock (par value $0.001 per share, 50,000 authorized, 21,495 and 
20,379 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 
2023, respectively) ..............................................................................................     
21      
20  
Additional paid-in capital ........................................................................................     
415,049      
376,189  
Accumulated deficit ................................................................................................     
(350,778)     
(311,768) 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss ..................................................................     
(2,983)     
(2,564) 
Total shareholders’ equity ................................................................................     
61,359      
61,927  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity .........................................................   $ 
75,766    $ 
80,552  
  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
  
  
 
 

F-5 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Revenue: 
      
        
  
Subscription ...........................................................................................................  $ 
22,418    $ 
18,973  
Service ....................................................................................................................    
16,000      
15,878  
Total revenue ..................................................................................................    
38,418      
34,851  
Cost of revenue: 
      
        
  
Subscription (1) .......................................................................................................    
2,959      
2,975  
Service (1) ................................................................................................................    
6,628      
7,252  
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets ..............................................    
4,592      
4,459  
Total cost of revenue .......................................................................................    
14,179      
14,686  
Gross profit ....................................................................................................................    
24,239      
20,165  
Operating expenses: 
      
        
  
Sales and marketing ...............................................................................................    
21,167      
22,409  
Research, development and engineering ................................................................    
26,209      
26,577  
General and administrative ....................................................................................    
17,073      
18,071  
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets ..............................................     
1,097       
1,065   
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements ....................    
—      
250  
Total operating expenses .................................................................................    
65,546      
68,372  
Operating loss ................................................................................................................    
(41,307)     
(48,207) 
Other income, net ..........................................................................................................    
2,341      
2,452  
Loss before income taxes ..............................................................................................    
(38,966)     
(45,755) 
Provision for income taxes ............................................................................................     
(44 )     
(204 ) 
Net loss ...........................................................................................................  $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959) 
  
      
        
  
Loss per share: 
      
        
  
Loss per share — basic .................................................................................................   $ 
(1.83 )   $ 
(2.26 ) 
Loss per share — diluted ..............................................................................................   $ 
(1.83 )   $ 
(2.26 ) 
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic ......................................................     
21,261       
20,322   
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted ...................................................     
21,261       
20,322   
  
      
        
  
Comprehensive loss: 
      
        
  
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax of $0 ..........................   $ 
(13 )   $ 
138   
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0 ......................................     
(406 )     
1,661   
Other comprehensive income (loss)................................................................   $ 
(419 )   $ 
1,799   
Net loss ...................................................................................................................    
(39,010)     
(45,959) 
Comprehensive loss ........................................................................................  $ 
(39,429)   $ 
(44,160) 
 
(1) Cost of revenue for Subscription and Service excludes amortization expense on acquired intangible assets. 
  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
  
  
  
 
 

F-6 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
(In thousands) 
  
  
    
  
      
  
      
  
      
  
      
  
      
  
    Accumulated       
  
  
  
    
  
      
  
      
  
      
  
    Additional      
  
    
Other 
    
Total 
  
  
  Preferred Stock     Common Stock     Paid-in     Accumulated    Comprehensive    Shareholders'  
  
  Shares    Amount    Shares    Amount    Capital     
Deficit 
    
Loss 
    
Equity 
  
Year Ended December 31, 2024      
        
       
        
        
        
        
        
  
Balance at December 31, 2023 ....     
10    $ 
50      20,379    $ 
20    $ 376,189    $ 
(311,768)   $ 
(2,564)   $ 
61,927  
Issuance of common stock ......     
—      
—      
929      
1      
32,217      
—      
—      
32,218  
Issuance of restricted common 
stock ....................................     
—      
—      
45      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Vesting of restricted stock 
units .....................................     
—      
—      
197      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Vesting of performance 
restricted stock units ............     
—      
—      
60      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Forfeiture of restricted 
common stock .....................     
—      
—      
(7)    
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Purchase of common stock......     
—      
—      (108)    
—      
(3,416)    
—      
—      
(3,416) 
Stock-based compensation ......     
—      
—      
—      
—      
10,059      
—      
—      
10,059  
Unrealized gain (loss) on 
marketable securities ...........     
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
(13)     
(13) 
Foreign currency translation 
adjustments .........................     
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
(406)     
(406) 
Net loss ...................................     
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
(39,010)     
—      
(39,010) 
Balance at December 31, 2024 ....     
10    $ 
50      21,495    $ 
21    $ 415,049    $ 
(350,778)   $ 
(2,983)   $ 
61,359  
  
      
        
       
        
        
        
        
        
  
Year Ended December 31, 2023      
        
       
        
        
        
        
        
  
Balance at December 31, 2022 ....     
10    $ 
50      20,260    $ 
20    $ 367,692    $ 
(265,809)   $ 
(4,363)   $ 
97,590  
Issuance of common stock ......     
—      
—      
10      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Issuance of restricted common 
stock ....................................     
—      
—      
45      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Vesting of restricted stock 
units .....................................     
—      
—      
161      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Vesting of performance 
restricted stock units ............     
—      
—      
2      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Forfeiture of restricted 
common stock .....................     
—      
—      
(6)    
—      
—      
—      
—      
—  
Purchase of common stock......     
—      
—      
(93)    
—      
(2,724)    
—      
—      
(2,724) 
Stock-based compensation ......     
—      
—      
—      
—      
11,221      
—      
—      
11,221  
Unrealized gain (loss) on 
marketable securities ...........     
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
138      
138  
Foreign currency translation 
adjustments .........................     
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
1,661      
1,661  
Net loss ...................................     
—      
—      
—      
—      
—      
(45,959)     
—      
(45,959) 
Balance at December 31, 2023 ....     
10    $ 
50     20,379    $ 
20    $ 376,189    $ 
(311,768)   $ 
(2,564)   $ 
61,927  
  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
  
  
 
 

F-7 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(In thousands) 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Cash flows from operating activities: 
      
        
  
Net loss ...................................................................................................................  $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959) 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: 
      
        
  
Depreciation and write-off of property and equipment...................................     
728       
1,121   
Amortization of acquired intangible assets .....................................................     
5,689       
5,524   
Amortization and write-off of other intangible assets.....................................     
820       
966   
Amortization of lease right of use assets under operating leases ....................     
358       
517   
Stock-based compensation ..............................................................................     
10,029       
11,158   
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements .............    
—      
250  
Increase (decrease) in allowance for doubtful accounts .................................    
17      
20  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 
      
        
  
Trade accounts receivable ...............................................................................     
(687 )     
(335 ) 
Other current assets.........................................................................................     
(128 )     
2,200   
Other assets .....................................................................................................     
(156 )     
299   
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities ...............................................     
(1,608 )     
660   
Deferred revenue ............................................................................................     
(1,838 )     
1,627   
Lease liability and other long-term liabilities .................................................     
(786 )     
(43 ) 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities .................................    
(26,572)     
(21,995) 
Cash flows from investing activities: 
      
        
  
Purchase of property and equipment ......................................................................     
(212 )     
(314 ) 
Capitalized patent costs .........................................................................................     
(431 )     
(426 ) 
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities ................................................     
22,555       
27,664   
Purchases of marketable securities ........................................................................     
(33,194 )     
(14,363 ) 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities .................................     
(11,282 )     
12,561   
Cash flows from financing activities: 
      
        
  
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs ..................................................     
32,218       
—   
Purchase of common stock ....................................................................................     
(3,416 )     
(2,724 ) 
Repayment of loans ...............................................................................................     
(37 )     
(36 ) 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities .................................     
28,765       
(2,760 ) 
Effect of exchange rate on cash ....................................................................................     
(2 )     
52   
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ..............................    
(9,091)     
(12,142) 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period ...................................     
21,456       
33,598   
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period .............................................  $ 
12,365    $ 
21,456  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: 
      
        
  
Cash received (paid) for income taxes, net ............................................................   $ 
(63 )   $ 
(233 ) 
Supplemental schedule of non-cash activities: 
      
        
  
Property and equipment and patent costs in accounts payable ..............................   $ 
19     $ 
6   
Stock-based compensation capitalized to software and patent costs .....................   $ 
30     $ 
63   
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations ..............................  $ 
—    $ 
31  
  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
  
 
 

F-8 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
  
  
(1) Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 
  
Description of Business 
  
Digimarc, an Oregon corporation, is a pioneer and global leader in digital watermarking technologies. For nearly 30 
years, Digimarc innovations and intellectual property in digital watermarking have been deployed in solutions built upon 
one or both of the following two things: the identification and the authentication of physical and digital items, often at 
massive scale, and often where other methods of identification or authentication don’t work well or don’t work at all. 
  
The Digimarc Illuminate platform is a distinctive software as a service (“SaaS”) cloud-based platform for digital 
connectivity that provides the tools for the application of advanced digital watermarks and dynamic Quick Response 
(“QR”) codes, software (digital twins) that enables various systems and devices to interact with those data carriers, and a 
centralized platform for capturing insights about digital interactions and automating activities based on that information. 
  
The Digimarc product suite is built on top of the Digimarc Illuminate platform to power a trusted and scalable 
ecosystem that can address specific business needs in areas like automation, authenticity, sustainability, and customer trust 
and connectivity. All of the Company’s products are complementary to each other, providing exponential benefits when 
combined. By enabling customers to create and connect digital twins to physical and digital items, Digimarc’s products 
provide many benefits including: 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Automate improves product inspection by embedding imperceptible digital watermarks into 
products, labels, and packaging, which are detectable by standard vision systems. This significantly reduces 
mixing errors and mislabeling, ensuring higher accuracy and efficiency in production, fulfillment, and 
distribution facilities without additional costs for special inks or hardware. By enabling real-time data analysis 
and minimizing human error, Digimarc Automate enhances quality assurance, reduces waste, and lowers the 
risk of product recalls, giving brands a competitive edge. 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Engage activates products and multimedia to create and leverage an interactive, fully owned 
communications channel directly with consumers. Digimarc delivers dynamic, GS1 Digital Link-compliant 
QR codes and hyperlinks that provide contextual redirection capabilities for multiple consumer experiences 
(including personalized and automated loyalty and rewards programs) based on a variety of factors such as 
time and location or previous behavior. Connecting engagements across the physical and digital worlds in a 
singular view results in powerful new capabilities and insights for brands. 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Recycle increases the quality and quantity of recycled materials by digitizing products and 
packaging with digital watermarking technology. Coupled with consumer engagement capabilities, brands 
can leverage a direct, digital communications channel. Plus, Digimarc Recycle creates a cloud-based record 
of never-before-seen post-consumption data to provide new insights that benefit stakeholders across the value 
chain, including brands, facility operators, and Producer Responsibility Organizations (“PROs”). 
  
  
• 
Digimarc Retail Experience delivers smarter, connected packaging that supports next-generation retail 
checkout systems, including checkout efficiency (faster scanning) and checkout effectiveness (reduced 
shrinkage including gift card and price look-up fraud prevention), optimized operational processes, advanced 
consumer engagement experiences, compliance with upcoming industry standards, and the collection of 
powerful first-party data and consumer insights. 
  
  
 • 
Digimarc Validate supports authentication in the physical and digital worlds to help ensure online 
interactions can be trusted and that real products and digital assets are genuine and in the right place. 
Digimarc’s technology protects digital images, audio, product packaging, gift cards, and other physical items 
by delivering exclusive, covert digital watermarks and/or dynamic QR codes and a cloud-based record of 
product authentication information. In addition, consumer engagement capabilities provide a direct, digital 
communications channel. 
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-9 
Principles of Consolidation 
  
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Digimarc and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All 
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.   
  
Use of Estimates 
  
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting 
Principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, 
liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The most significant estimates 
and judgments made by the Company relate to its revenue accounting policy. Management bases its estimates on historical 
experience and on other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in the circumstances, the results of which form the 
basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, and the measurement and recognition of 
revenue that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different 
assumptions or conditions. 
   
Cash Equivalents 
  
The Company considers all highly liquid marketable securities with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date 
of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include commercial paper, federal agency notes, U.S. treasuries 
and money market securities, totaling $8,889 and $17,362 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Cash equivalents 
are carried at either cost or fair value depending on the type of security. 
  
Marketable Securities 
  
The Company considers all investments with original maturities over 90 days that mature in less than one-year from 
the balance sheet date to be short-term marketable securities. Short-term marketable securities primarily include 
commercial paper, U.S. treasuries and federal agency notes. 
  
The Company’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale. Unrealized holding gains and losses are 
excluded from earnings and are reported net of tax in “accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets until realized. Realized gains and losses are included in “other income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of 
Operations and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of marketable securities sold. 
  
A decline in the market value of any security that is deemed to be other-than-temporary is charged to earnings. To 
determine whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it has the ability and intent to 
hold the investment until a market price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating that the cost of the investment 
is recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. There have been no other-than-temporary impairments identified or 
recorded by the Company. 
  
Concentrations of Business and Credit Risk 
  
A significant portion of the Company’s business depends on a limited number of large contracts. The loss of any 
large contract may result in loss of revenue and margin on a prospective basis. Financial instruments that potentially subject 
the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and 
accounts receivable. 
  
The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with major banks and financial institutions and at times deposits 
may exceed insured limits. Other than cash used for operating needs, which may include short-term marketable securities 
with the Company’s principal banks, the Company’s investment policy limits its credit exposure to any one financial 
institution or type of financial instrument by limiting the maximum of 5% of its cash equivalents and marketable securities 
or $1,000, whichever is greater, to be invested in any one issuer except for the U.S. government, U.S. federal agencies and 
U.S. backed securities, which have no limits, at the time of purchase. The Company’s investment policy also limits its 
credit exposure by limiting the maximum of 40% of its cash equivalents and marketable securities, or $15,000, whichever 
is greater, to be invested in any one industry category, (e.g., financial, energy, etc.), at the time of purchase. As a result, the 
Company’s credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities is believed to be minimal. 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-10 
The Company manages credit risk on accounts receivable by evaluating a customer’s credit worthiness before 
extending any significant amount of credit. There is a significant concentration of accounts receivable at various times from 
our three largest customers. All three customers have significant financial means and a history of paying their invoices. The 
Company does not have a history of significant bad debt write-offs. As a result, the Company’s credit risk associated with 
accounts receivable is believed to be low. 
  
Contingencies 
  
The Company evaluates all pending or threatened contingencies or commitments, if any, that are reasonably likely to 
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations or financial position. The Company assesses the probability of 
an adverse outcome and determines if it is remote, reasonably possible or probable as defined in accordance with 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 450 “Contingencies.” If information available prior to the issuance of the 
financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of 
the financial statements, and the amount of the loss, or the range of probable loss can be reasonably estimated, then the loss 
is accrued and charged to operations. If no accrual is made for a loss contingency because one or both of the conditions 
pursuant to ASC 450 are not met, but the probability of an adverse outcome is at least reasonably possible, the Company 
will disclose the nature of the contingency and provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, or state that such an 
estimate cannot be made. 
  
Goodwill 
  
The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
the carrying value may exceed the fair value, in accordance with ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.” The 
Company operates as a single reporting unit. The Company estimates the fair value of its single reporting unit using a 
market approach, which takes into account the Company’s market capitalization plus an estimated control premium. In 
connection with the Company’s annual impairment tests of goodwill as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, it was concluded that 
there was no impairment to goodwill as the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting unit significantly exceeded the 
carrying value. 
  
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets 
  
The Company assesses long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, in accordance with ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment.” 
   
Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to 
future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets over their remaining useful life. If such assets are 
considered to be impaired, the impairment would be recognized in operating results at the amount by which the carrying 
amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, 
observable market values or appraised values, depending on the nature of the assets. 
  
Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. 
  
Research and Development 
  
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 730 “Research and 
Development.” 
  
Software Development Costs 
  
Under ASC 985 “Software,” software development costs are to be capitalized beginning when a product’s 
technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is made available for general release to customers. 
To date, the establishment of technological feasibility of the Company’s products has occurred shortly before general 
release and, therefore, software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been immaterial. Accordingly, the 
Company has not capitalized any software development costs and has charged all such costs to research and development 
expense. 
  

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-11 
Patent Costs 
  
Costs associated with the application and award of patents in the U.S. and various other countries are capitalized and 
amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the patents as determined at award date, which varies depending on the 
pendency period of the application. Capitalized patent costs, also referred to as patent prosecution costs, include internal 
legal labor, professional legal fees, government filing fees and translation fees related to expanding the Company’s patent 
portfolio. 
  
Costs associated with the maintenance and annuity fees of patents are accounted for as prepaid assets at the time of 
payment and amortized over the shorter of the maintenance period or remaining life of the related patent. 
  
Revenue Recognition 
  
See Note 3 for detailed disclosures of the Company’s revenue recognition policy. 
  
Stock-Based Compensation 
  
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 “Compensation—Stock 
Compensation,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation for all stock-based awards made to 
employees and directors including restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units based on 
estimated fair values. The estimated fair value of stock-based awards is recognized over the vesting period of the award 
using the straight-line method. 
  
Income Taxes 
  
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 “Income Taxes” utilizing the asset and 
liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes reflect the future tax consequences of 
differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Deferred tax assets and 
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary 
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is 
recognized in earnings in the period of enactment. 
  
The Company records valuation allowances on deferred tax assets if, based on available evidence, it is more-likely-
than-not that all or some portion of the assets will not be realized. 
  
The Company is subject to income taxes within the U.S. and other countries, and, in the ordinary course of business, 
there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company reports a liability 
(or contra asset) for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken (or expected to be taken) on a tax 
return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to the unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for 
income taxes. 
  
Liquidity 
  
Under ASC 205-40 “Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern”, companies are required to evaluate 
whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about their ability to meet their future financial obligations as they 
become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. This evaluation takes into account a 
company’s current available cash and projected cash needs over the one year evaluation period but may not consider things 
beyond its control.  The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities the last 
several years and depending on future results may continue to incur such losses and negative cash flows in the future. The 
Company believes its currently available cash and marketable securities will satisfy the Company’s projected working 
capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. 
  
   
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-12 
Foreign Currency 
  
The Company prepares consolidated financial statements in its reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. The functional 
currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries generally is the applicable local currency. Monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured at the end of each reporting period, with respective gain or loss recorded 
in other income, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operation. Financial statements of each foreign subsidiaries are 
translated from their respective functional currencies to U.S. dollar, with translation adjustments recorded in other 
comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement Operation and Comprehensive Loss, and foreign currency 
translation adjustments on the Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity. Assets and liabilities are translated at the 
exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates during 
the period. Equity transactions are translated at the historical exchange rates. The Company’s foreign exchange exposure is 
not material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition. 
  
  Accounting Pronouncements Adopted 
  
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 
(“ASU”) No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The ASU 
requires interim and annual disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating 
decision-maker (“CODM”) and included within the reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss, requires interim 
disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually, requires disclosure of 
the position and title of the CODM, clarifies circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of 
profit or loss and contains other disclosure requirements. This authoritative guidance is effective for the Company starting 
in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for annual periods and in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 
31, 2025 for interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this new standard on December 31, 
2024. The new standard has not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements; however, we 
have provided additional details and disclosures under the new guidance in Note 4. 
   
  Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted 
  
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax 
Disclosures”. The ASU requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures primarily on the income tax rate 
reconciliation and income taxes paid. This authoritative guidance will be effective for the Company starting in the fiscal 
year ending December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new 
standard on the Company’s disclosures. 
  
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 “Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40) - Reporting 
Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures”. The ASU requires disaggregated disclosure of income 
statement expenses, primarily on disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within 
the footnotes to the financial statements. This authoritative guidance will be effective for the Company starting in the fiscal 
year ending December 31, 2027 for annual periods and in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2028 for 
interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this new standard on the 
Company’s disclosures. 
  
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-13 
(2) Fair Value of Financial Instruments 
  
In accordance with ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, the Company defines its’s fair value 
hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that 
may be used to measure fair value, in the following: 
  
  
• 
Level 1 Pricing inputs are quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments as of the 
reporting date. 
  
 
• 
 
Level 2 Pricing inputs are quoted for similar investments, or inputs that are observable, either directly or 
indirectly, for substantially the full term through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 includes 
investments valued at quoted prices adjusted for legal or contractual restrictions specific to these investments. 
  
 
• 
 
Level 3 Pricing inputs are unobservable for the investment; that is, the inputs reflect the reporting entity’s 
own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. 
  
The Company’s fair value hierarchy for its cash equivalents and marketable securities as of December 31, 2024 and 
2023, respectively, was as follows: 
  
December 31, 2024 
  
Level 1 
    
Level 2 
    
Level 3 
    
Total 
  
Money market securities ......................................................   $ 
112    $ 
—    $ 
—    $ 
112  
Commercial paper ................................................................     
—      
10,633      
—      
10,633  
U.S. treasuries ......................................................................     
—      
9,192      
—      
9,192  
Federal agency notes ............................................................     
—      
5,317      
—      
5,317  
Total ..............................................................................   $ 
112    $ 
25,142    $ 
—    $ 
25,254  
  
December 31, 2023 
  
Level 1 
    
Level 2 
    
Level 3 
    
Total 
  
Money market securities ......................................................   $ 
1,515    $ 
—    $ 
—    $ 
1,515  
Commercial paper ................................................................     
—      
14,622      
—      
14,622  
U.S. treasuries ......................................................................     
—      
5,953      
—      
5,953  
Federal agency notes ............................................................     
—      
998      
—      
998  
Total ..............................................................................   $ 
1,515    $ 
21,573    $ 
—    $ 
23,088  
  
The fair value maturities of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities as of December 31, 2024 are 
as follows: 
  
  
Maturities by Period 
  
  
    
  
    Less than     
1-5 
    
5-10 
    
More than 
  
  
  
Total 
    
1 year 
    
years 
    
years 
    
10 years 
  
Cash equivalents and marketable securities ....    $ 
25,254     $ 
25,254     $ 
—     $ 
—     $ 
—   
  
  
(3) Revenue Recognition 
  
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 “Revenue Recognition” by applying the following 
steps: 
   
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer. 
   
Step 2: Identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract. 
   
Step 3: Determine the transaction price. 
   
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract. 
   
Step 5: Recognize when (or as) the entity satisfies the performance obligation(s). 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-14 
The Company derives its revenue primarily from software subscriptions and software development services. 
Applicable revenue recognition criteria are considered separately for each performance obligation as follows: 
  
  
• 
Subscription revenue consists primarily of revenue earned from subscription fees for access to the Company’s 
SaaS platform and products and, to a lesser extent, licensing fees for software products. The majority of 
subscription contracts are recurring, paid in advance and recognized over the term of the subscription, which is 
typically one to three years. 
  
  
• 
Service revenue consists primarily of revenue earned from the performance of software development services 
and, to a lesser extent, professional services. The majority of software development contracts are structured as 
time and materials agreements. Revenue for services is generally recognized as the services are performed. 
Billing for services rendered generally occurs within one month after the services are provided. 
   
Customer arrangements may contain multiple deliverables such as software platform subscriptions, software product 
subscriptions, and professional services. Subscriptions and services offered are usually distinct performance obligations. 
When they are not capable of being distinct, they are combined with other subscriptions or services until a distinct 
performance obligation is identified. To determine the transaction price, management considers the terms of the contract 
and the Company’s customary business practices. Some contracts may contain variable consideration. In those cases, 
management estimates the amount of variable consideration based on the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range 
of possible consideration amounts. As part of this assessment, management evaluates whether any of the variable 
consideration is constrained and if it is, it is not included in the transaction price. The consideration is allocated between 
distinct performance obligations based on their stand-alone selling prices. When the standalone selling prices are not 
directly observable, management makes estimates based on reasonably available information, including market conditions, 
specific factors affecting the Company, and information about the customer. The Company recognizes the revenue 
associated with each performance obligation as the obligation is fulfilled, which for subscriptions is typically recognized 
ratably over time and for services is typically recognized when they are performed. 
   
All revenue recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is considered to be revenue from contracts with 
customers. 
  
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major target market in the Company’s 
single reporting segment: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Commercial: 
      
        
  
Subscription ...................................................................................................    $ 
21,218     $ 
17,773   
Service ...........................................................................................................      
1,308       
1,042   
Total Commercial ...................................................................................    $ 
22,526     $ 
18,815   
Government: 
      
        
  
Subscription ...................................................................................................    $ 
1,200     $ 
1,200   
Service ...........................................................................................................      
14,692       
14,836   
Total Government ...................................................................................      
15,892       
16,036   
Total ........................................................................................................    $ 
38,418     $ 
34,851   
  
The Company has contract assets from contracts with customers that are classified as “trade accounts receivable” in 
the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 7 for more information about trade accounts receivable. 
  
The Company has contract assets from capitalized contract acquisition costs that are classified as “other current 
assets” and “other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These contract acquisition costs are recognized in proportion 
to the revenue recognized from the contract they are associated with. 
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-15 
The following table provides information about contract assets: 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Contract acquisition costs, current .........................................................................    $ 
38     $ 
113   
Contract acquisition costs, long-term .....................................................................      
—       
9   
Total ................................................................................................................    $ 
38     $ 
122   
  
The Company has contract liabilities from contracts with customers that are classified as “deferred revenue” in the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred revenue consists of billings in advance for subscriptions and services for which the 
performance obligation has not been satisfied. 
  
The following table provides information about contract liabilities: 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Deferred revenue, current .......................................................................................    $ 
4,020    $ 
5,853  
Deferred revenue, long-term ..................................................................................      
2      
7  
Total ................................................................................................................    $ 
4,022     $ 
5,860   
  
The Company recognized $5,725 of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 that was included in the 
contract liability balance as of December 31, 2023. 
  
The aggregate amount of the transaction prices from contractual obligations that are unsatisfied or partially 
unsatisfied was $25,215 and $31,798, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the 
Company expects $20,171 of the $25,215 to be recognized as revenue during 2025. 
  
  
(4) Segment Information 
  
Significant Segment Expenses 
  
The Company derives its revenue from a single reporting segment: product digitization solutions. Revenue is 
generated in this segment primarily through software subscriptions and software development services. The Company 
manages its business activities on a consolidated basis. In addition, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, as the 
chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”), reviews the Company’s operating results and makes decisions to allocate 
resources based on consolidated financial information. As such, the Company has one single reportable segment. The 
CODM uses consolidated net income (loss) as a performance measure and total consolidated assets as an asset measure, to 
assess performance of the company, to allocate working capital, and to monitor budget versus actual results.  
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-16 
The following table illustrates reported segment revenue, segment profit and loss, and significant segment expenses. 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Revenue: 
      
        
  
Subscription ...................................................................................................   $ 
22,418    $ 
18,973  
Service ............................................................................................................     
16,000      
15,878  
Total revenue ..........................................................................................     
38,418      
34,851  
Cost of revenue: 
      
        
  
Subscription (1) ...............................................................................................     
2,959      
2,975  
Service (1) ........................................................................................................     
6,628      
7,252  
Amortization expense on acquired intangible assets ......................................     
4,592      
4,459  
Total cost of revenue ...............................................................................     
14,179      
14,686  
Operating expenses 
      
        
  
Cash compensation ........................................................................................      
38,997       
40,471   
Stock-based compensation .............................................................................      
9,323       
10,032   
Professional services and consultants ............................................................      
7,757       
7,303   
Software and hardware ..................................................................................      
3,538       
3,581   
Depreciation and amortization .......................................................................      
2,104       
2,582   
Impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements ............      
—       
250   
Other segment items (2) ..................................................................................      
3,827       
4,153   
Total operating expenses .........................................................................     
65,546      
68,372  
Operating loss ........................................................................................................     
(41,307)     
(48,207) 
Other income, net ..................................................................................................     
2,341      
2,452  
Provision for income taxes ....................................................................................      
(44 )     
(204 ) 
Net loss ...................................................................................................   $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959) 
 
(1) Cost of revenue for Subscription and Service excludes amortization expense on acquired intangible assets. 
(2) Other segment items include training and travel expenses, recruiting expenses, rent and facility expenses, bad debt 
expenses and other miscellaneous costs. 
  
Geographic Information 
  
The Company markets its products in the U.S. and in non-U.S. countries through its sales personnel and partners. 
Revenue by geographic area, based upon the “bill-to” location, was as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Domestic ....................................................................................................................   $ 
10,195     $ 
11,380   
International (1) ...........................................................................................................     
28,223       
23,471   
Total ....................................................................................................................   $ 
38,418     $ 
34,851   
 
(1) Revenue from the Central Banks is classified as international revenue. Reporting revenue by country for this customer 
is not practicable. 
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-17 
Major Customers 
  
The following customers accounted for 10% or more of revenue: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Customer A ...........................................................................................................    
41%     
46% 
Customer B ...........................................................................................................     
15 %     
*   
Customer C ............................................................................................................    
14%     
21% 
   
Long-lived tangible assets by geographical area 
  
Long-lived tangible assets by geographic area were as follows: 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
United States ..........................................................................................................    $ 
1,026     $ 
1,535   
Europe ....................................................................................................................      
14       
35   
Total ................................................................................................................    $ 
1,040     $ 
1,570   
  
  
(5) Stock-Based Compensation 
  
Stock-based compensation includes expense charges for all stock-based awards to employees and directors. These 
awards include restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance restricted stock units. 
  
Stock-based compensation expense related to internal labor is capitalized to software and patent costs based on direct 
labor hours charged to capitalized software and patent costs. 
  
Determining Fair Value 
  
Restricted Stock Awards 
  
The fair value of restricted stock awards (“RSA”) that vest upon meeting a service condition is based on the fair 
market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant (measurement date) and is recognized on a straight-
line basis over the service period of the award, which is generally three to four years for employee grants 
and one to three years for director grants. 
  
Restricted Stock Units 
  
The fair value of restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards that vest upon meeting a service condition is based on the fair 
market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant (measurement date) and is recognized on a straight-
line basis over the service period of the award, which is generally three to four years for employee grants. 
  
Performance Restricted Stock Units 
  
The fair value of performance restricted stock unit (“PRSU”) awards that vest upon meeting a service condition and a 
performance condition, such as the Company exceeding a future annual recurring revenue target, is determined based on the 
fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant (measurement date), adjusted for probability of 
achievement of the performance criteria as of each reporting date, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service 
period of the award, which is generally three years for employee grants. The probability of achievement is subject to 
judgment, and could change from period to period, impacting the amount of expense to be recognized.  
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-18 
The fair value of performance restricted stock units awards that vest upon meeting a service condition and a market 
condition, such as the Company exceeding shareholder returns as compared to an index of peer companies, is determined on 
the date of grant (measurement date) using the Monte Carlo valuation model. The Company recognizes the fair value of the 
award on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award, which is generally three years for employee grants. 
  
The following inputs are used in the Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate the fair value: 
  
Stock Price. The stock price represents the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the 
grant. 
  
Expected Volatility. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock at the date of grant based on the 
historical volatility of its common stock based on historical prices over the most recent period commensurate with 
the term of the award. 
  
Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company determines the risk-free interest rate using current U.S. treasury yields for 
bonds with a maturity commensurate with the term of the award. 
  
Monte Carlo Valuation Inputs: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Stock price ...........................................................................................................    $ 
36.64     $ 
22.37   
Expected volatility ...............................................................................................      
66.3 %     
74.7 % 
Risk-free interest rate ...........................................................................................     
4.3 %     
4.3% 
   
Stock-based Compensation 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Stock-based compensation: 
      
        
  
Cost of revenue ..............................................................................................    $ 
706     $ 
1,126   
Sales and marketing .......................................................................................      
2,788       
2,640   
Research, development and engineering ........................................................      
2,522       
2,962   
General and administrative ............................................................................      
4,013       
4,430   
Stock-based compensation expense ......................................................................      
10,029       
11,158   
Capitalized to software and patent costs ........................................................      
30       
63   
Total stock-based compensation ...........................................................................    $ 
10,059     $ 
11,221   
  
The following table sets forth total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested stock-based awards 
granted under the Company’s stock incentive plans: 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Total unrecognized compensation costs .................................................................    $ 
16,226     $ 
15,370   
  
Total unrecognized compensation costs will be adjusted for any future forfeitures if and when they occur. 
  
The Company expects to recognize the total unrecognized compensation costs as of December 31, 2024 for all non-
vested stock-based awards over weighted average periods through December 31, 2028 as follows: 
  
  
  
RSAs 
    
RSUs 
    
PRSUs 
  
Weighted average period (in years) ......................................     
1.01       
1.33       
1.32   
  

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-19 
As of December 31, 2024, under the Company’s stock incentive plan, an additional 1,274 shares remained available 
for future grants. 
  
The Company issues new shares upon grants of RSAs and vesting of RSU and PRSU awards. 
  
Restricted Stock Awards Activity 
  
The following table presents the unvested balance of RSA activity: 
  
  
    
  
    
Weighted 
  
  
    
  
    
Average 
  
  
  
Number of 
    
Grant Date 
  
  
  
Shares 
    
Fair Value 
  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2022 ..................................................................      
196     $ 
32.06   
Granted ...........................................................................................................      
45     $ 
22.10   
Vested .............................................................................................................      
(130 )   $ 
30.18   
Forfeited ..........................................................................................................      
(6 )   $ 
34.89   
Unvested balance, December 31, 2023 ..................................................................      
105     $ 
29.89   
Granted .............................................................................................................    
45    $ 
28.37  
Vested ..............................................................................................................    
(84 )   $ 
29.20  
Forfeited ...........................................................................................................    
(7 )   $ 
27.57  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2024 ...................................................................    
59    $ 
29.98  
  
The fair value of RSAs vested is as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Fair value of RSAs vested .....................................................................................    $ 
2,234     $ 
3,273   
   
Restricted Stock Units Activity 
  
The following table presents the unvested balance of RSU awards activity: 
  
  
    
  
    
Weighted 
  
  
    
  
    
Average 
  
  
  
Number of 
    
Grant Date 
  
  
  
Units 
    
Fair Value 
  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2022 ..................................................................      
370     $ 
24.77   
Granted ...........................................................................................................      
298     $ 
23.20   
Vested .............................................................................................................      
(161 )   $ 
24.46   
Forfeited ..........................................................................................................      
(65 )   $ 
25.17   
Unvested balance, December 31, 2023 ..................................................................      
442     $ 
23.77   
Granted .............................................................................................................    
228    $ 
35.29  
Vested ..............................................................................................................    
(197 )   $ 
26.86  
Forfeited ...........................................................................................................    
(67 )   $ 
26.58  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2024 ...................................................................    
406    $ 
28.27  
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-20 
The fair value of RSU awards vested is as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Fair value of RSU awards vested ..........................................................................    $ 
5,747     $ 
4,893   
  
Performance Restricted Stock Units Activity 
  
The following table presents the unvested balance of PRSU awards activity:  
  
  
    
  
    
Weighted 
  
  
    
  
    
Average 
  
  
  
Number of 
    
Grant Date 
  
  
  
Units 
    
Fair Value 
  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2021 ...................................................................    
—    $ 
—  
Granted ...........................................................................................................      
73     $ 
31.93   
Vested .............................................................................................................      
—     $ 
—   
Forfeited ..........................................................................................................      
(6 )   $ 
32.02   
Unvested balance, December 31, 2022 ..................................................................      
67     $ 
31.92   
Change in units based on performance expectations ........................................    
(6 )   $ 
32.02  
Granted ...........................................................................................................      
134     $ 
27.75   
Vested ..............................................................................................................    
(2 )   $ 
32.02  
Forfeited ...........................................................................................................    
(1 )   $ 
32.02  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2023 ..................................................................      
192     $ 
29.01   
Change in units based on performance expectations ........................................    
30    $ 
22.37  
Granted .............................................................................................................    
73    $ 
36.77  
Vested ..............................................................................................................    
(60 )   $ 
22.37  
Forfeited ...........................................................................................................    
(20 )   $ 
34.17  
Unvested balance, December 31, 2024 ...................................................................    
215    $ 
32.08  
  
The fair value of PRSU awards vested is as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Fair value of PRSU awards vested ........................................................................    $ 
2,370     $ 
54   
  
  
(6) Earnings Per Share 
  
The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260 “Earnings Per Share,” 
using the treasury stock method.  
  
Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing earnings by the weighted-average number 
of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing earnings by the weighted-average 
number of shares, as adjusted for the potentially dilutive effect of unvested RSUs and PRSUs. The dilutive effect of 
unvested RSUs and PRSUs is determined using the treasury stock method. RSAs are included in shares outstanding on the 
date of grant. 
   
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-21 
The following table reconciles earnings (loss) per share: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share: 
      
        
  
Net loss — basic ....................................................................................................   $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959 ) 
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic .....................................................     
21,261       
20,322   
Basic loss per share ........................................................................................   $ 
(1.83 )   $ 
(2.26 ) 
  
      
        
  
Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share: 
      
        
  
Net loss — diluted .................................................................................................   $ 
(39,010)   $ 
(45,959 ) 
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted ..................................................     
21,261       
20,322   
Diluted loss per share .....................................................................................   $ 
(1.83 )   $ 
(2.26 ) 
  
The following table indicates the common stock equivalents related to unvested RSUs and PRSUs that were anti-
dilutive and excluded from diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Anti-dilutive shares due to net loss .......................................................................     
102      
134  
  
  
(7) Trade Accounts Receivable  
  
Trade Accounts Receivable 
  
Trade accounts receivables are recorded at the contractual or invoiced amount. 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Trade accounts receivable, current .........................................................................   $ 
6,563    $ 
5,947  
Trade accounts receivable, long-term .....................................................................     
80      
9  
Allowance for doubtful accounts ...........................................................................     
(151)    
(134) 
Trade accounts receivable, net ........................................................................   $ 
6,492    $ 
5,822  
Unpaid deferred revenue included in trade accounts receivable ............................    $ 
2,590     $ 
2,073   
  
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 
  
The Company’s accounts receivables are subject to concentrations of credit risk. The Company maintains an 
allowance for its doubtful accounts receivable to reflect any estimated credit losses. The allowance is established in 
accordance with the current expected credit loss model, which requires the estimation of expected credit losses over the 
contractual life of financial assets. The allowance is calculated using a forward-looking probability-weighted approach 
based on historical loss experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company 
records the allowance in “general and administrative” expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, up to the 
amount of revenue recognized to date for each account. Any incremental allowance is recorded as an offset to “deferred 
revenue” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Account receivables are written off and charged against the recorded 
allowance when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success. 
  
Unpaid Deferred Revenue 
  
The unpaid deferred revenue that is included in trade accounts receivable is billed in accordance with the provisions 
of the contracts with the Company’s customers. 
  

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-22 
Major Customers 
  
The following customers accounted for 10% or more of trade accounts receivable, net:  
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Company A ............................................................................................................     
47 %     
56 % 
Company B ............................................................................................................     
12 %     
*   
Company C .............................................................................................................     
*      
13% 
 
* 
Less than 10% 
   
  
(8) Property and Equipment 
  
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. 
  
Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives 
of the assets, generally two to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the 
shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term. 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Office furniture and fixtures ..................................................................................    $ 
63     $ 
1,435   
Software .................................................................................................................      
5,476       
5,497   
Equipment ..............................................................................................................      
2,566       
2,472   
Leasehold improvements .......................................................................................      
203       
1,861   
Gross property and equipment ........................................................................      
8,308       
11,265   
Less accumulated depreciation ..............................................................................      
(7,268 )     
(9,695 ) 
Property and equipment, net ...........................................................................    $ 
1,040     $ 
1,570   
  
  
(9) Goodwill 
  
Balance at December 31, 2022..................................................................................................................   $ 
8,229   
Currency translation adjustments ......................................................................................................      
412  
Balance at December 31, 2023 .................................................................................................................    $ 
8,641  
Currency translation adjustments ......................................................................................................      
(109) 
Balance at December 31, 2024 .................................................................................................................    $ 
8,532  
  
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-23 
(10) Intangibles 
  
Amortization of intangible assets acquired is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives 
of the assets. 
  
  
  Estimated Life     December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
(years) 
    
2024 
    
2023 
  
Capitalized patent costs .........................................................    
~17 
   $ 
9,174    $ 
9,231  
  
      
        
        
  
Intangible assets acquired: 
      
        
        
  
Purchased intellectual property ......................................     
10 
      
250       
250   
Developed technology ....................................................    
5 
     
22,504      
22,836  
Customer relationships ...................................................    
10 
     
10,754      
10,913  
Gross intangible assets ..........................................................     
        
42,682       
43,230   
Accumulated amortization .............................................     
        
(20,491 )     
(14,772 ) 
Intangibles, net ......................................................................     
      $ 
22,191     $ 
28,458   
  
The amortization of capitalized patent costs, purchased intellectual property, and developed technology is recorded in 
“cost of revenue” and the amortization of customer relationships is recorded in “operating expenses” in the Consolidated 
Statements of Operations. 
  
Amortization expense on intangible assets was as follows:   
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Amortization expense ...........................................................................................    $ 
6,233     $ 
6,097   
   
For intangible assets recorded at December 31, 2024, the estimated future aggregate amortization expense for the 
years ending December 31, 2025 through December 31, 2029 is as follows: 
  
  
  
Amortization 
  
As of December 31, 2024 
  
Expense 
  
2025 .......................................................................................................................................................    $ 
6,099   
2026 .......................................................................................................................................................      
6,068   
2027 .......................................................................................................................................................      
1,536   
2028 .........................................................................................................................................................    
1,525  
2029 .........................................................................................................................................................    
1,495  
  
  
(11) Leases 
  
The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, “Leases.” 
  
The Company entered into a sublease agreement and lease extension agreement for office space in Beaverton, 
Oregon in February 2022 to move the Company’s corporate headquarters. The term of the sublease and lease extension runs 
through September 2030. The remaining rent payments as of December 31, 2024 were $7,796 plus operating expenses, 
payable in monthly installments. The first 26 months of rent payments and operating expenses were abated to cover the 
remaining lease term on the Company’s former corporate headquarters. 
  
The lease term of the Company’s former corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon ended in March 2024, with no 
remaining rent payments as of December 31, 2024. The Company stopped using this office space as its corporate 
headquarters in March 2022. 
  

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-24 
All of the Company’s leases are operating leases. The following table provides additional details of leases presented 
in the Consolidated Balance Sheets: 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Lease right of use assets .........................................................................................  $ 
3,659    $ 
4,017  
Lease liabilities, current .........................................................................................  $ 
781    $ 
582  
Lease liabilities, long-term .....................................................................................  $ 
5,213    $ 
5,994  
  
      
        
  
Weighted-average remaining life (in years) ..........................................................      
5.7       
6.5   
Weighted-average discount rate ............................................................................      
9 %     
9 % 
  
The current lease liabilities are included in “accounts payable and other accrued liabilities” in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets. 
  
The carrying value of the lease right of use assets is evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. No impairment was recorded for 
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. An “impairment of lease right of use assets and leasehold improvements” of 
$250 was recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, related 
to the Company’s former corporate headquarters. The impairment charge was determined by comparing the carrying value 
of the assets to the net present value of estimated cash flows from the future sublease of the office space over the remaining 
lease term.  
  
Operating lease expense is included in “operating expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in 
“cash flows from operating activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The operating leases include variable 
lease payments, which are included in operating lease expense. Additional details of the Company’s operating leases are 
presented in the following table: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Operating lease expense ........................................................................................    $ 
1,482     $ 
1,556   
Cash paid for operating leases ..............................................................................    $ 
1,663     $ 
1,151   
   
The table below reconciles the aggregate cash payment obligations for the next five years and total of the remaining 
years for the operating lease liability recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024: 
  
  
  
Cash 
  
  
  
Payment 
  
As of December 31, 2024 
  
Obligations 
  
2025 .........................................................................................................................................................  $ 
1,317  
2026 .........................................................................................................................................................    
1,356  
2027 .........................................................................................................................................................    
1,397  
2028 .........................................................................................................................................................    
1,296  
2029 .........................................................................................................................................................    
1,389  
Thereafter ................................................................................................................................................    
1,066  
Total lease payments .......................................................................................................................      
7,821   
Imputed interest .......................................................................................................................................    
(1,827) 
Total minimum lease payments ......................................................................................................    $ 
5,994   
  
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-25 
(12) Shareholders’ Equity 
  
Preferred Stock 
  
In June 2008, the Board of Directors authorized 2,500 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. The 
Board of Directors has the authority to issue the undesignated preferred stock in one or more series and to determine the 
powers, preferences and rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions granted to or imposed upon any wholly 
unissued series of undesignated preferred stock and to fix the number of shares constituting any series and the designation 
of such series, without any further vote or action by the shareholders. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of 
delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company without further action by shareholders and may 
adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. 
  
The Board of Directors authorized 10 shares of Series A Redeemable Nonvoting Preferred stock (“Series A 
Preferred”) that were issued to certain executive officers at the time of formation. The Series A Preferred has no voting 
rights, except as required by law, and may be redeemed at the option of the Company’s Board of Directors at any time. 
  
The Series A Preferred is redeemable based on the stated fair value of $5.00 per share. The Series A Preferred has no 
dividend rights and no rights to the undistributed earnings of the Company. 
  
Common Stock 
  
In June 2008, the Board of Directors authorized 50,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The 
holders of Digimarc common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote 
of its shareholders, including the election of directors. Subject to preferences that may be granted to any then outstanding 
preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably those dividends as may be declared by the Board of 
Directors out of funds legally available for such purpose, as well as any distributions to the Company’s shareholders. In the 
event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all 
of the Company’s assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preference of any then outstanding 
preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive or other subscription or conversion rights. There are no 
redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully 
paid and non-assessable. 
  
Registered Direct Offering 
  
On February 24, 2024, the Company entered into purchase agreements with certain investors providing for the 
issuance and sale by the Company of 929 common shares in a registered direct stock offering. The common shares were 
offered at a price of $35.00 per share, and the gross cash proceeds to the Company were $32,500. The Company incurred 
$282 of legal costs related to the offering. The closing of the registered direct offering occurred on February 27, 2024. 
  
  Stock Incentive Plan 
  
In March 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2018 Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”) which was later 
approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in April 2018. The 2018 
Plan replaced the 2008 Incentive Plan (“2008 Plan”). The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and, stock 
appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, and 
other stock or cash-based awards, which may be granted to officers, directors, employees, consultants, agents, advisors and 
independent contractors who provide services to the Company and its affiliated companies. 
  
In May 2023, the 2018 Plan was modified as approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Company’s 2023 
Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The amendment added 1,200 shares to the pool of shares authorized for issuance. 
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-26 
The 2018 Plan authorizes the issuance of 2,200 shares of common stock. In addition, up to 770 shares of common 
stock subject to awards outstanding under the 2008 Plan became available for issuance under 2018 Plan to the extent that 
those shares cease to be subject to the awards (as a result of, for example, expiration, cancellation or forfeiture of the 
award). The shares authorized under the 2018 Plan are subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend, 
recapitalization or similar event. Shares issued under the 2018 Plan will consist of authorized and unissued shares or shares 
held by the Company as treasury shares. If an award granted under the 2018 Plan lapses, expires, terminates or is forfeited 
or surrendered without having been fully exercised or without the issuance of all the shares subject to the award, the shares 
covered by that award will again be available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. Shares that are (i) tendered by a participant 
or retained by the Company as payment for the purchase price of an award or to satisfy tax withholding obligations or 
(ii) covered by an award that is settled in cash, or in some manner that some or all of the shares covered by the award are 
not issued, will again be available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. In addition, awards granted as substitute awards in 
connection with acquisition transactions will not reduce the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2018 Plan. 
  
  
(13) Defined Contribution Plan 
  
The Company sponsors an employee retirement savings plan (the “Plan”) which qualifies as a deferred salary 
arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Plan combines both an employee savings plan and 
company matching plan into one plan under Section 401(k), including a 401(k) Roth option. Employees become eligible to 
participate in the Plan at the beginning of the month following the employee’s hire date. Employees may contribute up to 
75% of their pay to the Plan, subject to the limitations of the Internal Revenue Service Code.  
  
The Company made matching contributions in the aggregate amount as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Matching contributions .........................................................................................    $ 
1,234     $ 
1,217   
  
  
(14) Other Income 
  
The following table provides information about other income, net: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Interest income ......................................................................................................   $ 
1,818     $ 
1,680   
Refundable tax credit ............................................................................................     
550       
684   
Foreign currency gains (losses) .............................................................................     
(27 )     
96   
Other income (loss) ...............................................................................................     
—       
(8 ) 
Total other income, net ..................................................................................   $ 
2,341     $ 
2,452   
  
  
(15) Income Taxes 
  
The provision for income taxes reflects current taxes and deferred taxes. The effective tax rate for each of the years 
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was 0%. The Company continues to provide for a valuation allowance to offset its net 
deferred tax assets until such time it is more likely than not the tax assets or portions thereof will be realized. 
   
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-27 
Components of loss before income taxes are as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Domestic ...............................................................................................................   $ 
(27,044 )   $ 
(35,039 ) 
International ..........................................................................................................     
(11,922 )     
(10,716 ) 
Loss before income taxes ...............................................................................   $ 
(38,966 )   $ 
(45,755 ) 
  
Components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes allocated to continuing operations include the following: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Current: 
      
        
  
Federal ............................................................................................................   $ 
5    $ 
(141 ) 
State ................................................................................................................     
(13)     
(9 ) 
Foreign ...........................................................................................................     
(36)     
(37 ) 
Sub-total .................................................................................................   $ 
(44 )   $ 
(187 ) 
Deferred: 
      
        
  
Federal ............................................................................................................   $ 
—    $ 
(17 ) 
State ................................................................................................................     
—      
—  
Foreign ...........................................................................................................     
—      
—  
Sub-total .................................................................................................   $ 
—     $ 
(17 ) 
Total ...............................................................................................................   $ 
(44 )   $ 
(204 ) 
  
The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows: 
  
  
  Year Ended       
  
    Year Ended       
  
  
  
  December 31,       
  
    December 31,       
  
  
  
  
2024 
    
% 
    
2023 
    
% 
  
Income taxes computed at statutory rates ..................  $ 
8,183      
(21)%   $ 
9,609      
(21)% 
(Increases) decreases resulting from: 
      
        
        
        
  
Change in valuation allowance ..........................    
(9,319)     
24%     
(11,716)     
26% 
NOL surrendered for refundable tax credit ........    
(1,355)     
4%     
(1,607)     
4% 
Foreign research deductions and credits ............    
650      
(2)%     
803      
(2)% 
Federal and state research and experimentation 
credits .............................................................    
1,288      
(3)%     
1,412      
(3)% 
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit .....    
(139)     
—%     
468      
(1)% 
Other ..................................................................    
648      
(2)%     
827      
(3)% 
Total ...........................................................    $ 
(44 )     
— %   $ 
(204 )     
— % 
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-28 
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The tax effects of significant 
items comprising the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: 
  
  
  December 31,     December 31,   
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Deferred tax assets: 
      
        
  
Federal and state net operating losses .............................................................   $ 
79,856    $ 
77,201  
Federal and state research and experimentation credits ..................................     
13,610      
12,406  
Research and experimental costs .....................................................................     
12,806      
9,458  
Stock based compensation ..............................................................................     
1,822      
1,474  
ASC 842 - lease liabilities ...............................................................................     
1,303      
1,468  
Accrued compensation ....................................................................................     
324      
610  
Fixed asset differences ....................................................................................     
191      
185  
Intangible asset differences .............................................................................     
4      
—  
Other ...............................................................................................................     
264      
59  
Total gross deferred tax assets .................................................................      
110,180       
102,861   
Less valuation allowance ................................................................................     
(104,361)     
(95,256 ) 
Net deferred tax assets .............................................................................    $ 
5,819     $ 
7,605   
  
      
        
  
Deferred tax liabilities: 
      
        
  
Patent expenditures .........................................................................................   $ 
(888)   $ 
(1,096 ) 
ASC 842 - right of use assets ..........................................................................     
(795)     
(897 ) 
Fixed asset differences ....................................................................................     
(4)     
(9 ) 
Intangible asset differences .............................................................................     
(4,132)     
(5,603 ) 
Total gross deferred tax liabilities ...........................................................    $ 
(5,819 )   $ 
(7,605 ) 
Total net deferred tax assets and liabilities ..............................................    $ 
—     $ 
—   
   
The Company had a valuation allowance of $104,361 and $95,256 on deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 
and 2023, respectively, an increase of $9,105 during the year ended December 31, 2024. 
  
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards 
of $257,535, $173,657, and $70,922 respectively, which have a carryforward of 5 years to indefinite depending on the 
jurisdiction. 
  
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has federal research and experimental tax credits of $14,746, which have a 
carryforward of 20 years. 
  
A summary reconciliation of the Company’s uncertain tax positions is as follows: 
  
  
  
Year Ended December 31, 
  
  
  
2024 
    
2023 
  
Beginning balance .................................................................................................   $ 
1,063    $ 
1,046  
Addition for current year tax positions ...........................................................     
85      
94  
Addition for prior year tax positions ..............................................................     
—      
—  
Reduction for prior year positions ..................................................................     
(11)    
(77) 
Reduction for prior year positions resolved during the current year ..............     
—      
—  
Ending balance ......................................................................................................    $ 
1,137     $ 
1,063   
  
As of December 31, 2024, the total unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would not materially affect the 
Company’s effective tax rate. 
  
 
 

 
DIGIMARC CORPORATION 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 
(In thousands, except per share data) 
 
F-29 
The Company records accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions in the “provision for 
income taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the 
Company recognized accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions of $0 and $0, respectively. The 
Company does not anticipate any of its unrecognized benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 
months. 
  
The Company’s open tax years subject to examination in the U.S. federal jurisdiction are 2021 through 2023, in 
applicable state jurisdictions for the tax years 2021 through 2023, and in applicable foreign jurisdictions for tax year 2023. 
To the extent allowed by law, the taxing authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses 
or tax credits were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss or tax 
credit carryforward.  
  
  
(16) Commitments and Contingencies 
  
Certain of the Company’s product and services agreements include an indemnification provision for claims from 
third parties relating to the Company’s intellectual property. Such indemnification provisions are accounted for in 
accordance with ASC 450. To date, there have been no claims made under such indemnification provisions. 
  
The Company is subject from time to time to other legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of 
business. At this time, the Company does not believe that the resolution of any such matters will have a material adverse 
effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 
  
  
(17) Subsequent Events 
  
On February 26, 2025, the Company announced a reorganization, which could impact our workforce by up to 90 
employees. The reorganization is expected to reduce the Company’s cash expenses by approximately $16,500 on an 
annualized basis. The Company expects to incur approximately $3,000 in one-time reorganization costs in the first quarter 
of 2025. 
  
 

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