Drive Shack Inc.
A Maryland Corporation
10670 N. Central Expressway
Suite 700
75231
Telephone: (646) 585-5591
Corporate Website: https://ir.driveshack.com/
Annual Report
For the period ending December 31, 2023
(the “Reporting Period”)
Securities:
Title of each class:
Trading Symbol(s)
CUSIP
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
per share
9.75% Series B Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01
par value per share
8.05% Series C Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01
par value per share
8.375% Series D Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01
par value per share
DSHK
262077100
DSHKP
DSHKN
DSHKO
262077209
262077308
262077407
Name of exchange on
which registered:
Over the Counter
Markets (OTCMKTS)
Over the Counter
Markets (OTCMKTS)
Over the Counter
Markets (OTCMKTS)
Over the Counter
Markets (OTCMKTS)
Shares Outstanding as
of December 31,
2023
159,544,168
1,347,321
496,000
620,000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates as of December 31, 2023 (computed based on
the closing price on the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter as reported)
was: $30,297,437.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 199,442,524 as of April 15, 2024.
Indicate by check mark whether the company is a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 and
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934):
Yes: □ No:
Indicate by check mark whether the company’s shell status has changed since the previous reporting period:
Yes: □ No:
Indicate by check mark whether a Change in Control of the company has occurred over this reporting period:
Yes: □ No:
Our Company’s transfer agent is the Equiniti Trust Company, LLC. Equiniti Trust Company, LLC is registered under the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance with the requirements of Securities Exchange of of 1934. They can be
contacted through telephone at:
Office: 1-877-864-4750
equiniti.com/us/ast-access
Or in writing at:
Equiniti Trust Company, LLC
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11219
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains certain “forward-looking statements”. Such forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, our
operating performance, the performance of our investments, the stability of our earnings, and our financing needs. Forward-
looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,”
“potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “endeavor,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “overestimate,” “underestimate,” “believe,”
“could,” “project,” “forecast,” “predict,” “continue” or other similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements are
based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results
of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual
outcome of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such
forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially
from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and
other factors that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from forecasted results. Factors which
could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
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factors impacting attendance, such as local conditions, contagious diseases or the perceived threat of contagious
diseases, disturbances, natural disasters, and terrorist activities;
our financial liquidity and ability to access capital;
the ability to retain and attract members and guests to our properties;
changes in global, national and local economic conditions, including, but not limited to, increases in
unemployment levels, changes in consumer spending patterns, a prolonged economic slowdown and a downturn
in the real estate market;
effects of unusual weather patterns and extreme weather events, geographical concentrations with respect to our
operations and seasonality of our business;
competition within the industries in which we operate or where we may pursue additional investments, including
competition for sites for our entertainment golf venues;
• material increases in our expenses, including but not limited to unanticipated labor issues, monetary inflation,
•
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•
•
•
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rent or costs with respect to our workforce, and costs of goods, utilities and supplies;
our inability to sell or exit certain properties, and unforeseen changes to our ability to develop, redevelop or
renovate certain properties;
our ability to further invest in our business and implement our strategies;
liabilities with respect to inadequate insurance coverage, accidents or injuries on our properties, adverse litigation
judgments or settlements, or membership deposits;
changes to and failure to comply with relevant regulations and legislation, including in order to maintain certain
licenses and permits, and environmental regulations in connection with our operations;
impacts of failures of our information technology and cybersecurity systems;
the impact of any current or further legal proceedings and regulatory investigations and inquiries; and
other risks detailed from time to time below, particularly under the heading “Risk Factors,” and in our other
reports made available on http://ir.driveshack.com and otcmarkets/com/DSHK/disclosure.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee
future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The factors noted above could cause our actual results to differ
significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our
management’s views only as of the date of this report. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements
after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results.
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 2.
Properties
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
DRIVE SHACK INC.
INDEX
PART I
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Company's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Item 6.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
Market Considerations
Application of Critical Accounting Policies
Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Contractual Obligations
Item 7.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Auditors
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1
Organization
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Note 3
Revenues
Note 4 Segment Reporting
Note 5 Property and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Note 6
Leases
Note 7 Intangibles, Net of Accumulated Amortization
Note 8 Debt Obligations
Note 9
Real Estate Securities
Note 10
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Note 11
Equity and Earnings Per Share
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Note 12 Commitments and Contingencies
Note 13 Income Taxes
Note 14 Impairment and Other Losses
Note 15 Subsequent Events
Signatures
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Item 1. Business.
Overview
PART I
Drive Shack Inc., a Maryland corporation, was formed in 2002, and its common stock is traded on the OTCMKTS under the
symbol “DSHK.” Drive Shack Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is referenced herein as "Drive Shack Inc.", "the Company",
"we", or "our". The Company owns and operates golf-related leisure and entertainment venues and courses focused on
bringing people together through competitive socializing, by combining sports and entertainment with elevated food and
beverage offerings. The Company conducts its business through the following segments: (i) entertainment golf, (ii) traditional
golf and (iii) corporate. For a further discussion of the reportable segments, see Note 4 in part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data".
•
Entertainment golf | Drive Shack and Puttery
Drive Shack offers competitive, social entertainment through its golf-related leisure and large-format entertainment
venues with gaming and premier golf technology, a chef-inspired menu, craft cocktails, and engaging social events
throughout the year. Each Drive Shack venue features expansive, climate-controlled, suite style bays with lounge
seating; augmented-reality golf games and virtual course play; a restaurant and multiple bars; an outdoor patio with
lawn games; and arcade games.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company operated four Drive Shack venues located in Orlando, Florida; West Palm
Beach, Florida; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Richmond, Virginia. Drive Shack venues are freestanding, 50,000 - 60,000
square feet, open-air venues built on approximately 12 acres. Additionally, the Company is committed to a
concession agreement in Manhattan (Randall’s Island), New York for a Drive Shack entertainment golf venue.
This segment also includes the Company's indoor entertainment golf brand, Puttery, an adult-focused, modern spin
on putting, re-defining the game within an immersive experience as guests move from one course to the next. With a
high-energy atmosphere that combines plentiful curated culinary offerings and inventive craft cocktails centered
around a lively bar area with great music, guests can relax and enjoy their evening before, during and after their tee
time. Puttery venues range in size from 15,000 to 20,000 square feet and feature indoor putting courses anchored by
bars and other social spaces that serve to create engaging and fun experiences for guests.
The Company launched its first Puttery venue in September 2021 in The Colony, Texas. As of December 31, 2023, the
Company operated eight leased Puttery venues located in The Colony, Texas, Charlotte, North Carolina, Washington,
D.C., Houston, Texas, Kansas City, Missouri, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Chicago, Illinois.
The Company opened the Puttery venue in Miami, Florida in January 2024 and New York City, New York in March
2024. Puttery venues are indoor venues typically located in urban and suburban dining and entertainment districts.
•
Traditional golf | American Golf
American Golf, acquired by the Company in December 2013, is one of the largest operators of golf properties in the
United States. As an owner, lessee, and manager of golf courses and country clubs for over 45 years, we believe
American Golf is one of the most experienced operators in the traditional golf industry. As of December 31, 2023, we
owned, leased or managed 55 properties across seven states. American Golf is focused on delivering lasting
experiences for our guests, with over 27,000 members and over 1.9 million rounds played at our properties during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
Public Properties. Our twenty-nine (32) leased public properties generate revenues principally through daily green
fees, golf cart rentals and food, beverage and merchandise sales. Amenities at these properties generally include
practice facilities, pro shops and food and beverage facilities. At certain locations, our public properties have larger
clubhouses with extensive banquet facilities. In addition, The Players Club is a fee-based monthly membership
program offered at most of our public properties, with membership benefits ranging from daily range access and off-
peak course access to the ability to participate in golf clinics. The leases for three public properties expired on
January 15, 2024 and were not renewed.
Private Properties. Our four (4) leased or owned private properties, which are open primarily to members and their
guests, generate revenues principally through initiation fees, membership dues, food, beverage and merchandise
1
sales, and guest fees. Amenities at these properties typically include practice facilities, full-service clubhouses with a
pro shop, locker room facilities and multiple food and beverage outlets, including grills, restaurants and banquet
facilities.
Managed Properties. Our nineteen (19) managed properties are operated by American Golf pursuant to management
agreements with the owners of each property. We recognize revenue from each of these properties in an amount
equal to a management fee and the reimbursements of certain operating costs. The management contracts for nine
of these nineteen managed properties expired on December 31, 2023 and were not renewed.
See Note 5 in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional information.
Strategy
We believe Drive Shack Inc. is the only company comprised of a truly integrated portfolio of both entertainment and
traditional golf businesses, which provides us with a unique opportunity to unlock top site locations by leveraging the
operational experiences and municipal relationships developed by our traditional golf business. The Company strives to
forward innovate and revolutionize next generation experiences. In September 2021, the Company launched Puttery, its
newest competitive indoor socializing and entertainment platform.
Puttery has expanded our business by diversifying our experiential offerings with an adult-focused modern spin on putting
through innovative technology featuring a series of indoor putting courses anchored by bars and other social spaces that will
serve to create engaging and fun experiences for our guests. Our Puttery venues require less space than a Drive Shack venue
at approximately 15,000 - 20,000 square feet of indoor new or existing retail space.
In 2024, we are focused on rationalizing costs and restructuring our overhead. In the long-term, we believe Puttery contains
the potential to expand store potential by dozens if not hundreds of markets due to the availability of commercial real estate,
shorter development timelines, less capital risk and higher development yields. We believe that advanced data and
demographic analytics will allow us to strategically evaluate and develop a robust pipeline of target sites in prioritized markets
across the United States. As we look to further grow our Puttery brand, the smaller format offers us the opportunity to
improve investment returns and take advantage of the availability of retail space at favorable rates.
As we build our brand through the existing operation of Drive Shack locations and new Puttery locations, we continue to
strengthen our position in this growing industry. We believe there is significant opportunity to capture market share given the
structural decline of dated businesses, coupled with the rising demand for social and interactive entertainment options. We
have strategically aligned our Drive Shack and Puttery businesses to provide competitive, social and interactive experiences to
capitalize on this opportunity. There are a variety of consumers who seek out active socializing options. We will use data and
testing to understand unique drivers, test consumer behaviors, and understand spending habits, seeking to optimize the most
effective way to target, acquire, and retain consumers.
• A Modernized Socializing Experience
Current Consumer Preferences. Our portfolio of current and future entertainment venues directly addresses
consumers’ changing preferences and provides a new type of leisure with multiple experiences under one roof,
including:
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Social Entertainment – A unique and curated experience where guests can interact, compete and socialize in
a sophisticated, fun setting.
Sports – Technology forward activities and robust gaming platforms that promote competition and create
unique and lasting experiences.
Food & Beverage – A complete social experience is rounded out by exceptional food and beverage options.
Along with heightened visual cues, craft cocktails and curated food choices will enhance the overall
experience for every consumer.
Inclusivity – An activity and experience that allows everyone to participate and enjoy, regardless of skill
level.
Our focus is on creating an environment that enables sociable competition and connecting with friends and family,
providing our guests with memorable and meaningful experiences. These experiences are designed to cater to a
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range of audiences and competitive appetites, to attract new guests and to drive loyalty and advocacy among our
existing guests.
Innovation. Golf as a sport and form of entertainment continues to transform. We believe innovation is at the
essence of creating the modernized, broadly appealing golf and entertainment experience. We strive to innovate
across all our offerings including technology powered golf games, food and beverage menu offerings, and venue
formats.
Technology. Our Drive Shack venues are equipped with radar-based TrackMan™ technology, which provides precision
ball tracking, in real time, affording us the ability to bring our augmented reality gaming to the next level.
Our proprietary gaming software provides us with the unique ability to develop and release cutting edge, fun and
engaging games. Our current suite of proprietary games includes Darts, Monster Hunt, ShackJack, Pro Range and
Snowman. In addition, our partnership with TrackMan™ provides our guests with access to an extensive portfolio of
world-famous virtual golf courses. These games and virtual golf courses are suitable for all skill sets and competitive
appetites.
Elevated Food & Beverage. Our venues feature chef-inspired food offerings alongside inventive craft cocktails. Our
menus feature a curated selection of shareable food options, further enabling the socializing nature of our venues.
They are designed and tailored to consumer preferences and lifestyle trends, offering unique flavors, and high-quality
fresh ingredients to create a premium selection of options to appeal to our broad range of guests.
Alongside our food menu, we have a beverage offering that features a variety of beers, craft cocktails, non-alcoholic
cocktails, canned wine and seltzers, and premium spirits. Our beer selection consists of local and regional craft beers
and varies by venue locations. In certain locations, we have partnerships with local breweries which source and
produce exclusive beverages in both our Drive Shack and Puttery venues.
We plan to rollout new seasonal or limited time offerings, to supplement our core menu and give our guests more
reasons to keep coming back as well as attract new guests.
Events. Our venues provide an electric atmosphere for experiential event options spanning corporate events to social
gatherings. Each Drive Shack venue features climate-controlled bays, 300-plus television screens, a rooftop terrace
with fire pits, and private indoor and outdoor meeting spaces fully equipped with A/V technology and wi-fi, that can
accommodate a variety of group sizes up to 1,200 guests. Our Puttery venues have dedicated VIP event spaces as
well as other areas throughout each venue, such as lounge areas and outdoor patios.
•
Site selection, development, and the experience
Site Selection. Our site selection process is integral to the successful execution of our growth strategy and integrates a
variety of analytical measures with an evaluation of key factors of the overall quality and viability of potential sites.
These factors include but are not limited to size and quality of land and existing real estate space; population
demographics, such as target population density, age, and household income levels; competition levels in the market;
site visibility, accessibility and traffic volume; proximity to other entertainment facilities, restaurants and bars; and
market or landlord incentives.
Venue Development. Our Drive Shack venue formats are generally open-air 60,000 square feet venues on average
built on approximately 12 to 15 acres of land. This format features 72 to 96 climate-controlled bays with lounge
seating and an approximately 200 yard outfield. The total investment cost of a new Drive Shack venue ranges from
$25 to $40 million. We may either enter into a long-term ground lease or purchase the land for our Drive Shack
venue format. The average development time for our large format Drive Shack venue is 18 to 24 months.
We currently have a concession agreement in Manhattan (Randall’s Island), New York for a future Drive Shack
entertainment golf venue.
Our Puttery venues average between 15,000 to 20,000 square feet of existing indoor space. These venues each
feature anywhere from two to four uniquely themed nine-hole courses, depending on venue size and layout. The
total investment cost of a Puttery venue is expected to range from $8 to $12 million, exclusive of landlord incentives.
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We believe the development timeline for a Puttery venue averages six to nine months and will vary based on the
unique layout of each venue.
On occasion, we expect that our various venue formats may be smaller or larger or cost more or less than our
targeted range, depending on the specific circumstances of the selected site or market.
Transcending the Experience. We look to create meaningful and memorable experiences by combining world class
golf technology, great drinks, delicious food and welcoming environments. Our Drive Shack venues are organized and
designed to spread and amplify guest energy and revolutionize the golf and competitive socializing experience. We
encourage guest interaction with other guests by way of carefully placed bars and lounges, social event areas,
outdoor patios and climate-controlled bays. The lighting, finishes and furniture are contemporary yet comfortable
and are purposely organized for group interaction and a social atmosphere. Whether a golfer or not we want
everyone to feel comfortable experiencing our version of golf.
Our new Puttery venues consist of exciting, adult focused mini-golf and leisure spaces with social interaction in mind,
character-filled with innovative interior designs (including course thematics consisting of libraries, lodges, redwood
forests and cityscape rooftops). Each location is customized to create unique ways to socialize with friends for a
night out, have drinks with colleagues or meet new people. These bar forward mini-golf spaces blend vintage putting
with upscale casual lifestyle through the strategic placement of the lounges, bars, courses, and VIP spaces within each
venue. The courses are intimate, transformative and designed specifically to keep guests connected and socializing
while playing enhanced mini golf. Beverage and food opportunities are plentiful with multiple bars and a full-service
kitchen. Our lounge furniture and finishes are all created with a comfortable yet upscale experience.
Marketing
• Growing Brand Awareness
Continuing to build and grow brand awareness is a top priority. Our strategy consists of multiple layers, which
includes local and national data and demographic profiles to identify interests and behaviors, competitors and
consumption habits of our target consumers.
•
Embracing Local Communities
Local Partnerships. Each Drive Shack venue prides itself on forging bonds with local partners in the community. For
example, our Drive Shack location in Richmond partnered with a local brewery to create an exclusive premium beer
for our venue, while our Drive Shack location in Raleigh has partnered with a local female-owned brewery. We have
also collaborated with a local specialty ice cream shop to create a new scratch rendition of the classic ice cream
sandwich inspired by Arnold Palmer, called the Chilly Palmer. We plan to continue to explore local partnerships and
collaborations that may vary by venue and geographic location.
• Customized Programming and Promotions
Unique Programs. Our guest experience is enhanced by ongoing events and programs designed to engage a range of
guest desires, including quarterly Social Leagues and Summer Swing Academy, which introduces young kids to golf in
a fun, relaxed environment. Intended to drive new and repeat guests to our venues, we feature Limited Time Offers
("LTOs") that are generally rolled out on a quarterly basis. The LTOs typically include three new food and three new
beverage offerings that have been created and inspired by our talented chefs in each of our Drive Shack venues
We also have designed programming around seasonal events, including March Madness, National Beer Day, and
Easter, with our family themed Easter Egg Hunt. We continually innovate new ways for guests to compete within the
venue, such as our new, repeatable tournament model, Drive Shack Open, for use at our large format entertainment
venues. The Drive Shack Open is geared towards more competitive, avid golfers and is structured as a single-day
tournament, with four-person teams, a team entry fee and prizes awarded to teams based on scores. In December
2020, we debuted our first Drive Shack Open tournament, which sold out in advance of the tournament, and we have
continued Drive Shack Open through 2023. We have also developed an in-venue tournament model, Monster Hunt
Challenge, that is geared towards less serious players and non-golfers. The Monster Hunt Challenge is structured as a
4-week tournament model built specifically for competition with "high score" tournament mentality for both groups
and solo players, with unlimited entries at a low cost per entry fee and prizes awarded based on highest score.
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Promotional Campaigns. We periodically develop promotional programs to attract new guests and increase the
length of stay and spend per visitor. Our promotional programs include Happy Hour specials, offering discounted
food and beverage selections during specified periods of time as well as various holiday promotions. These
promotions are intended to appeal to our existing guests and to encourage new guests to experience our version of
golf in climate-controlled bays. We also launched a 2-Bay promotional package in Fall 2020. This promotional
package allows groups of 10 guests or less to reserve two bays and includes a food and beverage credit and two hours
of play for a set price. We offer this package today during non-peak seasonal times throughout the year.
Intellectual Property
We have registered the trademarks Drive Shack®, Puttery® and American Golf® and their primary logos have registered or
applied to register certain additional trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in various foreign
countries. We consider our trade names and our logos to be important features of our operations and seek to actively monitor
and protect our interest in this property in the various jurisdictions where we operate. We also have certain trade secrets,
such as our recipes, processes, proprietary information and certain software programs that we protect by requiring all of our
employees to accept an agreement to keep trade secrets confidential in connection with their onboarding process.
Policies with Respect to Certain Other Activities
Subject to the approval of our board of directors, we have the authority to offer our common stock or other equity or debt
securities to raise cash financing, in exchange for property and to repurchase or otherwise reacquire our shares or any other
securities and may engage in such activities in the future. We also may make loans to, or provide guarantees of certain
obligations of, our subsidiaries. We may engage in the purchase and sale of investments. Our officers and directors may
change any of these policies and any investment guidelines without a vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has the
authority, without stockholder approval, to issue additional common stock or preferred stock in any manner and on such
terms and for such consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for cash or property.
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive industry and compete primarily on the basis of location, featured facilities, quality and
breadth of product offerings and price. As a result, competition for market share in the industry in which we compete is
significant.
Our entertainment golf business competes with restaurants, dining and social clubs and other entertainment attractions
including movie theaters, sporting events, bowling alleys, sports activity centers, arcades and entertainment centers,
nightclubs and theme parks.
Our traditional golf properties compete on a local and regional level with other country clubs and golf properties. The level of
competition in the traditional golf business varies from region to region and is subject to change as existing facilities are
renovated or new facilities are developed.
For more information about the competition we face generally and in our entertainment and traditional golf businesses
specifically, see Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-Competition in the industry in which we operate
could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.”
Seasonality
Seasonality can affect our results of operations. Our traditional golf business is subject to seasonal fluctuations as colder
temperatures and shorter days reduce the demand for outdoor activities. As a result, the traditional golf business generates a
disproportionate share of its annual revenue in the second and third quarters of each year. In addition, our Drive Shack and
Puttery venues could be significantly impacted on a season-to-season basis, based on corporate event and social gathering
volumes during holiday seasons and school vacation schedules. For this reason, a quarter-to-quarter comparison may not be a
good indicator of our current and/or future performance.
5
Government Regulation of Our Business
Our properties and operations are subject to a number of environmental laws. As a result, we may be required to incur costs
to comply with the requirements of these laws, such as those relating to water resources, discharges to air, water and land,
the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous waste and the cleanup of properties affected by regulated materials. Under
these and other environmental requirements, we may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances
or chemical releases from currently owned, formerly owned or operated facilities.
Environmental laws typically impose cleanup responsibility and liability on a property owner without regard to whether the
property owner knew of or caused the presence of the contaminants. We may use certain substances and generate certain
wastes that may be deemed hazardous or toxic under such laws, and from time to time have incurred, and in the future may
incur, costs related to cleaning up contamination resulting from historic uses by us or by previous owners of certain of our
current or former properties or our treatment, storage or disposal of wastes at facilities owned by others. Our facilities are
also subject to risks associated with mold, asbestos and other indoor building contaminants. The costs of investigation,
remediation or removal of regulated materials may be substantial, and the presence of those substances, or the failure to
remediate a property properly, may impair our ability to use, transfer or obtain financing for our property. We may be required
to incur costs to remediate potential environmental hazards, mitigate environmental risks in the future, or comply with other
environmental laws and regulations.
In addition, in order to build, improve, upgrade or expand some of our facilities, we may be subject to environmental review
under the National Environmental Policy Act and, for projects in California, the California Environmental Quality Act. Both acts
require that a specified government agency study any proposal for potential environmental impacts and include in its analysis
various alternatives. Any improvement proposal may not be approved or may be approved with modifications that
substantially increase the cost or decrease the desirability of implementing the project.
We are also subject to regulation by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration and similar health and
safety laws in other jurisdictions. These regulations impact a number of aspects of operations, including golf course
maintenance and food handling and preparation.
The ownership and operation of our facilities subjects us to federal, state and local laws regulating zoning, land development,
land use, building design and construction, and other real estate-related laws and regulations.
Our facilities and operations are subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended by the ADA Amendments
Act of 2008, which we refer to in this Annual Report as the ADA. The ADA generally requires that we remove architectural
barriers when readily achievable so that our facilities are made accessible to people with disabilities. In addition, the ADA
Amendments Act of 2008,
included additional compliance requirements for golf facilities and recreational areas.
Noncompliance could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. Federal legislation or
regulations may further amend the ADA to impose more stringent requirements with which we would have to comply.
We are also subject to various local, state and federal laws, regulations and administrative practices affecting our business. For
instance, we must comply with provisions regulating equal employment, wage and hour practices and licensing requirements
and regulations for the sale of food and alcoholic beverages.
6
Human Capital Management
Entertainment Golf
As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 1,180 employees in our entertainment golf segment including: 1,084
hourly venue employees, and 96 venue managers.
Traditional golf
As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 3,054 employees in our traditional golf segment: 2,740 hourly course
employees, 287 course managers and 27 corporate personnel.
Corporate
As of December 31, 2023, there were 15 employees in our corporate segment.
The number of Company employees represented by unions is zero. We believe our current relations with our employees are
good. While the Company has not adopted any systematic human capital metrics, management focuses on fostering diversity
including gender diversity in the executive suite and the Company conducts training on respectful workplace practices for its
employees on a regular basis. The Company also employs safety management resources internally in order to ensure safety in
our traditional golf and entertainment.
Corporate Governance
We emphasize the importance of professional business conduct and ethics through our corporate governance initiatives. Our
board of directors consists of a majority of independent directors under the OTCMKTS listing standards. The Audit,
Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees of our board of directors are composed exclusively of
independent directors. We have adopted corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics, which
delineate our standards for our directors, officers and employees.
Available Information
We make available through our website annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents
through our website, http://ir.driveshack.com, and by posting them to otcmarkets/com/DSHK/disclosure. Also posted on our
website in the "Investor Relations-Corporate Governance” section are charters for the Company’s Audit Committee,
Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, as well as our Corporate Governance
Guidelines and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics governing our directors, officers and employees. Information on, or
accessible through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this report.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves risk and uncertainties. In addition to the information contained elsewhere in this
Annual Report, the information posted on our website http://ir.driveshack.com, and on otcmarkets/com/DSHK/disclosure, the
following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating our business or making an investment decision involving our
common stock. The occurrence or manifestation in whole or in part of any of the following risks could harm our business,
financial conditions and results of operations, cash flows and/or the trading price of our common stock. In addition, our actual
performance could differ materially from any results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements contained in this
Annual Report, the information posted on our website [IR site] and other filings that we make with the [OTCQX] and other
communications by us, both written and oral, depending on a variety of factors, including the risks and uncertainties described
below. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties that affect many other companies, including, but not
limited to, overall economic and industry conditions, and additional risks and uncertainties that are currently not known or we
believe are immaterial may also have a material negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We have opened ten Puttery venues. There can be no assurance that the Puttery venues will open or operate as expected.
We opened two Puttery venues in 2021, three Puttery venues in 2022, three Puttery venues in 2023, and two Puttery venues
to date in 2024. We intend to continue to expand the number of Puttery venues. This plan depends on the completion of
construction of additional locations, all of which remain in various stages of planning or process and may not occur on the
timelines that we expect. Following the execution of any leases, we have in the past terminated, and may in the future
terminate, such leases for various reasons prior to the construction or opening of the venue, which could delay our plans. In
addition, we have in the past replaced or repaired and may in the future replace or repair the technology at our various
venues which could further delay our plans. For example in 2019, we closed our Orlando location for approximately one
month in order to install our TrackMan™ radar-based system, replacing our older technology. In the past, the construction
time of our existing Drive Shack locations has exceeded our expected build timelines. For instance, our Orlando location
opened approximately one month later than we had projected. If we are unable to develop and open the Puttery venues as
expected, or, when and if opened, they do not accomplish the goals described herein, or if we experience delays or cost
overruns in development, our business, operating results, cash flows, ability to obtain financing and liquidity could be
materially and adversely affected.
We may experience time delays, unforeseen expenses, licensing and municipal approval delays and other complications while
developing the Puttery venues as well as supply chain disruptions. These complications can delay the commencement of
revenue-generating activities, reduce the amount of revenue we earn and increase our costs. Delays in development beyond
our estimated timelines, or amendments or change orders to development contracts we have entered into and will enter into
in the future, could increase the cost of completion beyond the amounts that we estimate. Increased costs could require us to
obtain additional sources of financing to continue development on our estimated development timeline or to fund our
operations during such development. Any delay in completion of a Puttery venue could cause a delay in the receipt of
revenues estimated therefrom. As a result of any one of these factors, any significant development delay, whatever the cause,
could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and liquidity.
The amount of revenue we generate at our venues may decrease in connection with changes in consumer spending
patterns, particularly discretionary expenditures for leisure and recreation.
Consumer spending patterns, particularly discretionary expenditures for leisure and recreation, are subject to factors beyond
our control. Should consumers decrease their discretionary spending in general, and in particular on leisure and
entertainment, our revenues could decline and our operating margins could decrease, either of which would adversely affect
our business. In general, economic recessions or downturns, increased unemployment, low consumer confidence and
outlook, and depressed housing markets could cause a decrease in discretionary spending among our customers and potential
customers. In addition, because we generate revenues at physical locations that require our customers to travel, consumer
spending could also be impacted in a way that is material for our business as a result of war, terrorist activities or threats and
heightened travel security measures instituted in response to these events and the financial condition of the airline,
automotive and other transportation-related industries and its impact on travel, gasoline prices and natural disasters, such as
earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, wildfires, blizzards, droughts and floods and outbreaks of epidemic, pandemic or
influenza, coronavirus and other contagious diseases afflicting the geographic regions in which we operate. These factors and
other global, national and regional conditions can adversely affect, and from time to time have adversely affected, individual
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properties, particular regions or our business as a whole. Any one or more of these factors could negatively affect the sales
volume and profitability of our services, food and beverages at our Entertainment Golf venues and Traditional Golf properties,
and rounds played at our Traditional Golf properties. In addition, in the case of our traditional golf venues, during such periods
of adverse economic conditions, we may experience increased rates of resignations of existing members, a decrease in the
rate of new member enrollment, a decrease in golf rounds played or reduced spending, any of which may result in, among
other things, financial losses and decreased revenues.
We have incurred, and may in the future incur, debt financing.
On an ongoing basis, we engage with lenders and other financial institutions in an effort to improve our liquidity and capital
resources. In March 2023, we established a five-year senior secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal
amount of $26.5 million (the “Facility”) at our Entertainment Golf segment. The terms and conditions of the Facility includes
restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to operate our business, to incur or refinance our debt, engage in certain
transactions, and require us to maintain certain financial ratios, among others, any of which may limit our ability to finance
future operations and capital needs, react to changes in our business and in the economy generally, and to pursue business
opportunities and activities. If we fail to comply with any of these restrictions or are unable to pay our debt service when due,
our debt could be accelerated or cross-accelerated, and we cannot assure you that we will have the ability to repay such
accelerated debt. Any such default could also have adverse consequences to our status and reporting requirements, reducing
our ability to quickly access the capital markets. Our ability to service our existing and any future debt will depend on our
performance and operations, which is subject to factors that are beyond our control and compliance with covenants in the
agreements governing such debt. We may incur additional debt to fund our business and strategic initiatives. If we incur
additional debt and other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial leverage and the ability to service such debt
would increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.
Our business may be materially and adversely affected by our inability to fund, develop and open new entertainment
venues and operate them profitably, and our focus in 2024 is on cost rationalizing our lines of business instead of expansion.
Our focus in 2024 is cost rationalization across our business units. As a result, we do not expect near-term growth to occur in
the Puttery or Drive Shack lines of business in 2024. Further growth will depend on a development strategy that includes
pipeline expansion, and we cannot provide assurances that we will adopt this strategy going forward. To the extent our
business strategy relies on our ability to develop and open new golf entertainment venues, opening new venues requires us to
construct our venues in compliance with applicable zoning, licensing, land use and environmental regulations and finance our
development, construction and opening costs. Thus, there can be no assurance that we will successfully open new Puttery
venues in accordance with the timing and cost assumptions inherent in our strategic plan. In addition, if the construction and
compliance costs of any venue exceeds our budgeted estimates, our expected return on investment would be diminished,
which could increase our cost of capital relative to returns and slow our growth strategy or ability to fund it.
In order to operate venues profitably, we must maintain efficient levels of costs, including hiring, training and retaining skilled
management and other employees necessary to meet staffing needs and in procuring and pricing our products, including bay-
play and food and beverages. Our failure to staff our venues on a cost-effective basis or set appropriate pricing levels creates
the risk of diminished operating margins at the venue level. In addition, if we do not successfully attract consumers to our
venue, or if they suffer a negative customer experience, we are at risk of not generating adequate revenues to create a
favorable margin over our operating costs. Factors that could inhibit our ability to attract consumers to our venues include
competition from other food and leisure venues, poor customer service at our venues and technological failures in our
consumer-facing technology. Thus, there can be no assurance that we will achieve profitability at any individual venue, which
could have a significant adverse effect on our overall operating results.
We have a limited operating history at our Drive Shack and Puttery venues, which may not be sufficient to evaluate our
business and prospects.
A number of our entertainment golf venues are, and in the future others will be, located in areas where we have little or no
meaningful operating experience. Those markets may have different competitive conditions, local regulatory requirements,
consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns than our existing markets, which may cause our new venues to be less
successful than we expect. As a result, our prior operating history and historical financial statements may not be a reliable
basis for evaluating our business prospects or the future value of our shares. Our strategy may not be successful, and if
unsuccessful, we may be unable to modify it in a timely and successful manner. We cannot give you any assurance that we will
be able to implement our strategy on a timely basis, if at all, or achieve our internal model or that our assumptions will be
accurate. Our limited operating history also means that we continue to develop and implement various policies and
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procedures including those related to data privacy and other matters. We will need to continue to build our team to
implement our strategies.
We will continue to incur significant capital and operating expenditures while we expand the geographic footprint of our
business. We will need to invest significant amounts of additional capital to implement our strategy. Any delays beyond the
expected development period for these assets would prolong, and could increase the level of, operating losses and negative
operating cash flows. Our future liquidity may also be affected by the timing of financing availability in relation to the
incurrence of construction costs and other outflows and by the timing of receipt of cash flows in relation to the incurrence of
project and operating expenses. Our ability to generate any positive operating cash flow and achieve profitability in the future
is dependent on, among other things, the successful expansion of our business.
Our business is dependent upon obtaining substantial funding from various sources, which may not be available or may
only be available on unfavorable terms.
We may need to incur additional indebtedness to continue to develop our business,. If we are unable to secure additional
funding, or amendments to existing financing, or if additional funding is only available on terms that we determine are not
acceptable to us, we may be unable to fully execute our business plan or develop a growth strategy, and our business, financial
condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. Additionally, we may need to adjust the timing of our planned
capital expenditures and venue development depending on the availability of such additional funding. Our ability to raise
additional capital will depend on financial, economic and market conditions, our progress in executing our business strategy
and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that such additional funding will be available
on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional equity capital by issuing additional securities at any point
in the future, our then-existing shareholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may subject us to restrictive
covenants that could limit our flexibility in conducting future business activities and could result in us expending significant
resources to service our obligations. If we are unable to comply with these covenants and service our debt, we may lose
control of our business and be forced to reduce or delay planned investments or capital expenditures, sell assets, restructure
our operations or submit to foreclosure proceedings, all of which could result in a material adverse effect upon our business.
A variety of factors beyond our control could impact the availability or cost of capital, including domestic or international
economic conditions, increases in key benchmark interest rates and/or credit spreads, the adoption of new or amended
banking or capital market laws or regulations, the re-pricing of market risks and volatility in capital and financial markets, risks
relating to the credit risk of our customers and the jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as general risks applicable to the
consumer discretionary spending sector.
In addition, we currently have a concession agreement in Manhattan (Randall’s Island), New York for a future Drive Shack
entertainment golf venue. At this point in time, we have not obtained financing to develop and construct this entertainment
golf venue, and there is no assurance that we will be able to secure financing or develop a construction plan that yields a
return on investment commensurate with the cost to build. In addition, we have indicated to our landlord that the current
projected construction costs are in excess of our capital commitment under the concession agreement. As a result, we may
turn to alternatives relating to the project, including a termination of the project or a revision of the project scope. There are
no assurances that the alternative will provide a positive return on investment and may lead to additional overhead costs
associated with a project termination.
Competition in the industry in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and compete primarily on the basis of reputation, featured facilities, location,
quality and breadth of product offerings and price. As a result, competition for market share in the industry in which we
compete is significant.
Each market in which we operate is highly competitive and includes competition on a local and regional level with restaurants,
dining and social clubs and other entertainment attractions including movie theaters, sporting events, bowling alleys, sports
activity centers, arcades and entertainment centers, nightclubs and theme parks. Many of the entities operating these
businesses are larger and better capitalized, have a greater number of stores, have been in business longer and are better
established with stronger name recognition in the markets where our entertainment golf venues are located or are planned to
be located. As a result, they may be able to invest greater resources than we can in attracting customers and succeed in
attracting customers who would otherwise come to our venues. The legalization of casino and sports gambling in geographic
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areas near any current or future venues would create the possibility for entertainment alternatives, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. We also face competition from increasingly sophisticated
home-based forms of entertainment, such as internet and video gaming and home movie streaming and delivery.
The number and variety of competitors in our business vary based on the location and setting of each facility, with some
situated in intensely competitive upscale urban areas characterized by frequent innovations in the products and services
offered by competing restaurants, dining and social clubs and other entertainment attractions. In addition, new restaurants
and other social and meeting venues may open or expand their amenities. As a result, the supply in a given region may exceed
the demand for such facilities, and any increase in the number or quality of restaurants and other social and meeting venues,
or the products and services they provide, in such region could significantly impact the ability of our properties to attract and
retain members, which could harm our business and results of operations.
Our traditional golf properties compete on a local and regional level with other country clubs and golf properties. The level of
competition in the traditional golf business varies from region to region and is subject to change as existing facilities are
renovated or new facilities are developed. An increase in the number or quality of similar clubs and other facilities in a
particular region could significantly increase competition, which could have a negative impact on our business and results of
operations. In addition, member-owned and individual privately-owned clubs may be able to create a perception of
exclusivity that we have difficulty replicating given the diversity of our portfolio and the scope of our holdings.
Our large workforce subjects us to risks associated with increases in the cost of labor as a result of increased competition
for employees, higher employee turnover rates and required wage increases and health benefit coverage, lawsuits or labor
union activity.
Labor is one of our primary property-level operating expenses. We face the risks of labor shortages or increased labor costs
because of increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover rates, or increases in the federal or state
minimum wage or other employee benefit costs. For example, if the federal minimum wage were increased significantly, we
would have to assess the financial impact on our operations as we have a large population of hourly employees. If labor-
related expenses increase, our operating expense could increase in a manner that materially and adversely affects our
operating margins and profitability.
We are subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act and various federal and state laws governing such matters as minimum wage
requirements, gratuity policies, overtime compensation and other working conditions, citizenship requirements,
discrimination and family and medical leave. In recent years, a number of companies have been subject to lawsuits, including
class action lawsuits, alleging violations of federal and state law regarding workplace and employment matters, overtime wage
policies, discrimination and similar matters. A number of these lawsuits have resulted in the payment of substantial damages
by the defendants. Similar lawsuits have been threatened or instituted against us from time to time, and we may incur
substantial damages and expenses resulting from lawsuits of this type, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our operations are susceptible to changes in the availability and the cost of food, goods, rent, water, utilities, repairs,
maintenance and taxes, which could reduce our operating margins and harm our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Our most significant operating costs, other than labor, are our cost of goods, water, utilities, rent and property taxes. Many,
and in some cases all, of the factors affecting these costs are beyond our control. Increases in operating costs due to inflation,
commodity prices and other factors may not be directly offset by increased revenue. Our cost of goods such as food and
beverage costs account for a significant portion of our total property-level operating expense in our Entertainment and
traditional golf segments. If our cost of goods increased significantly and we are not able to pass along those increased costs
to our customers or members in the form of higher prices or otherwise, our operating margins would decrease, which would
have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, rent accounts for a significant portion of our property-level operating expense. Significant increases in our rent
costs would increase our operating expense and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely
impacted. The prices of utilities are volatile, and shortages sometimes occur. In particular, in the case of our traditional golf
business, municipalities are increasingly placing restrictions on the use of water for golf course irrigation and increasing the
cost of water. Significant increases in the cost of our utilities, or any shortages, could interrupt or curtail our operations and
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lower our operating margins, which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Each of our properties is subject to real and personal property taxes. The real and personal property taxes on our properties
may increase or decrease as tax rates change and as our properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. If real and
personal property taxes increase, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
We could be required to make material cash outlays in future periods if the number of initiation deposit refund requests we
receive materially increases or if we are required to surrender unclaimed initiation deposits to state authorities under
applicable escheatment laws.
We may be required to make significant cash outlays in connection with initiation deposits at our traditional golf properties.
Historically, members of our private properties were generally required to pay an initiation deposit upon their acceptance as a
member and, in most cases, such deposits are fully refundable after a fixed number of years (typically thirty (30) years) and
upon the occurrence of other contract-specific conditions, whether or not the applicable golf property has undergone a
transfer of ownership since the time of the deposit. We may be subject to various states’ escheatment laws with respect to
initiation deposits that have not been refunded to members. All states have escheatment laws and generally require
companies to remit to the state cash in an amount equal to unclaimed and abandoned property after a specified period of
dormancy, which is typically three to five years. Moreover, most of the states in which we conduct business hire independent
agents to conduct unclaimed and abandoned property audits. We currently do not remit to states any amounts relating to
initiation deposits that are eligible to be refunded to members based upon our interpretation of the applicability of such laws
to initiation fee deposits. The analysis of the potential application of escheatment laws to our initiation deposits is complex,
involving an analysis of constitutional and statutory provisions and contractual and factual issues. While we do not believe
that initiation deposits must be escheated, we may be forced to remit such amounts if we are challenged and fail to prevail in
our position.
Our investments in real estate and facilities are subject to numerous risks, including the risk that the values of our
investments may decline if there is a prolonged downturn in real estate values.
Our operations encompass a large amount of real estate holdings, primarily in the form of leasehold interests. Accordingly, we
are subject to the risks associated with holding real estate investments. Our real estate holdings (including our long-term
leaseholds) are subject to risks typically associated with investments in real estate. The investment returns available from
equity investments in real estate depend in large part on the amount of income earned, expenses incurred, and capital
appreciation generated by the related properties. In addition, a variety of other factors affect income from properties and real
estate values, including governmental regulations, real estate, insurance, zoning, tax and eminent domain laws, interest rate
levels and the availability of financing. For example, new or existing real estate zoning or tax laws can make it more expensive
and time-consuming to expand, modify or renovate older properties. Under eminent domain laws, governments can take real
property. Sometimes this taking is for less compensation than the owner believes the property is worth. Any of these factors
could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may not be able to retain members at our public and private traditional golf properties, and attract golf rounds played,
which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain members and other customers at our public and private traditional
golf properties, attract golf rounds played and maintain or increase revenues generated from our traditional golf properties.
Changes in consumer financial condition, leisure tastes and preferences, particularly those affecting the popularity of golf, and
other social and demographic trends could adversely affect our business. Significant periods where attrition rates exceed
enrollment rates or where facilities usage is below historical levels at our traditional golf properties would have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. A portion of our member base may not regularly
use our facilities and may be more likely to cancel their membership. Factors that could lead to a decrease in membership
include a decline in our ability to deliver quality service at our current membership prices, a decrease in public interest in the
sport of golf, and direct and indirect competition in our industry. If we cannot attract new members and other customers,
retain our existing members and other customers, or maintain golf rounds played at our traditional golf properties, our
financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
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We have significant operations concentrated in certain geographic areas, and any disruption in the operations of our
properties in any of these areas could harm our results of operations.
As of December 31, 2023, we operated multiple traditional golf properties in several metropolitan areas, including over two
dozen in the greater Los Angeles, California region. As a result, any prolonged disruption in the operations of our properties in
any of these markets, whether due to technical difficulties, power failures or destruction or damage to the properties as a
result of a natural disaster, such as hurricanes or earthquakes, fire or any other reason, could harm our results of operations or
may result in property closures. In addition, some of the metropolitan areas where we operate properties could be
disproportionately affected by regional economic conditions, such as declining home prices and rising unemployment.
Concentration in these markets increases our exposure to adverse developments related to competition, as well as economic
and demographic changes in these areas.
Our results of operations in traditional golf are based on seasonality, and unusual weather patterns and extreme weather
events, as well as forecasts of bad or mixed weather conditions or periodic and quasi-periodic weather patterns, could
adversely affect the value of our golf courses or negatively impact our business and results of operations.
Seasonality can affect our results of operations. Usage of traditional golf properties tends to decline significantly during the
first and fourth quarters, when colder temperatures and shorter days reduce the demand for outdoor activities. As a result,
we expect the traditional golf business to generate a greater share of its annual revenue in the second and third quarters of
each year. Accordingly, our traditional golf business is especially vulnerable to events that may negatively impact its
operations during the second and third quarters, when guest and member usage is highest. In addition, operations in the
entertainment golf business could be significantly impacted on a season-to-season basis; including based on corporate events
volume during holiday seasons and school vacation schedules. For this reason, a quarter-to-quarter comparison may not be a
good indicator of our current and/or future performance.
Our businesses are subject to unusual weather patterns and extreme weather events, such as heavy rains, prolonged snow
accumulations, high winds, extended heat waves and drought, which could negatively affect the income generated by our
properties. Because our Drive Shack and traditional golf businesses are primarily or partially outdoors, attendance at our
facilities could be adversely affected by forecasts of bad weather conditions since individuals may instead choose to
participate in indoor activities.
The maintenance of satisfactory turf grass conditions on our traditional golf properties requires significant amounts of water.
Our ability to irrigate a golf course could be adversely affected by a drought or other cause of water shortage, such as
government imposed restrictions on water usage. Additionally, we may be subject to significant increases in the cost of water.
We have a concentration of traditional golf properties in states such as California and New York that experience periods of
unusually hot, cold, dry or rainy weather. Unfavorable weather patterns in such states, or any other circumstance or event
that causes a prolonged disruption in the operations of our properties in such states (including, without limitation, economic
and demographic changes in these areas), could have an adverse impact on our traditional golf segment which is vulnerable to
all these factors.
Food safety incidents at our properties or in our industry or supply chain may adversely affect customer perception of our
brands or industry and result in declines in sales and profits.
We cannot guarantee that our supply chain and food safety controls and training will be fully effective in preventing all food
safety issues at our properties and venues, including any occurrences of foodborne illnesses such as salmonella, E. coli,
norovirus, or hepatitis A. Some foodborne illness incidents could be caused by third-party vendors and distributors outside of
our control. New illnesses may develop resistance to our current precautions in the future, or diseases with long incubation
periods could arise, that could give rise to claims or allegations on a retroactive basis. One or more instances of foodborne
illness in any of our properties or related to food products we sell could negatively affect our sales nationwide if highly
publicized on national media outlets or through social media. This risk exists even if it were later determined that the illness
was wrongly attributed to us or one of our properties. Further, any instances of food contamination, whether or not at our
facilities, could subject us or our suppliers to a food recall, including pursuant to regulations of the Food and Drug
Administration under the Food Safety Modernization Act.
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Our insurance policies may not provide adequate levels of coverage against all claims and we may incur losses that are not
covered by our insurance.
There are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as pandemics, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes,
terrorism or acts of war, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Inflation, changes in building codes and
ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors, including terrorism or acts of war, also might make the insurance
proceeds insufficient to repair or replace a property, if it is damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance
proceeds received might not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the affected real property. For
example, we may suffer losses from acts of terrorism that are not covered by insurance.
The failure to comply with regulations applicable to our properties or the failure to retain licenses or permits relating to our
properties may harm our business and results of operations.
Our business is subject to extensive federal, state and local government regulation in the various jurisdictions in which our
properties are located, including regulations relating to alcoholic beverage control, public health and safety, environmental
hazards and food safety. Alcoholic beverage control regulations require each of our properties to obtain licenses and permits
to sell alcoholic beverages on the premises. Typically, licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended
for cause at any time. In some states, the loss of a license for cause with respect to one location may lead to the loss of
licenses at all locations in that state and could make it more difficult to obtain additional licenses in that state. Alcoholic
beverage control regulations relate to numerous aspects of the daily operations of each venue, including minimum age of
patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, wholesale purchasing, inventory control and handling and storage
and dispensing of alcoholic beverages.
The failure of a property to obtain or retain its licenses and permits would adversely affect that property’s operations and
profitability, as well as our ability to obtain such a license or permit in other locations. We may also be subject to dram shop
statutes in certain states, which generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from
an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated person. Even though we are covered by general
liability insurance, a settlement or judgment against us under a dram shop lawsuit in excess of liability coverage could have a
material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, any of our locations located near airports must comply with land-use
zoning ordinances related to the height of objects around airports, which are promulgated at the federal level based on advice
and guidance published by the Federal Aviation Administration.
We are also subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act (the “ADA”) which, among other things, may require certain
renovations to our facilities to comply with access and use requirements. A determination that we are not in compliance with
the ADA or any other similar law or regulation could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private
litigants. While we believe we are operating in substantial compliance, and will continue to remove architectural barriers in
our facilities when readily achievable, in accordance with current applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance
that our expenses for compliance with these laws and regulations will not increase significantly and harm our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
We are also subject to numerous other federal, state and local governmental regulations related to building and zoning
requirements and the use and operation of clubs, including changes to building codes and fire and life safety codes, which can
affect our ability to obtain and maintain licenses relating to our business and properties. If we were required to make
substantial modifications at our properties to comply with these regulations or if we fail to comply with these regulations, our
business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
Our procurement of certain materials for developing, redeveloping or renovating our venues is dependent upon a few
suppliers.
Our ability to continue to procure certain materials is important to our business strategy for developing, redeveloping or
renovating our venues. The number of suppliers from which we can purchase our materials is limited. In addition, the
materials necessary to construct entertainment golf venues are subject to price fluctuation. To the extent that the number of
suppliers declines, or the price of materials necessary to construct our entertainment golf venues increases, we could be
subject to the risk increased capital expenditure costs, of distribution delays, pricing pressure, lack of innovation and other
associated risks which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Changes in laws, regulations and other requirements could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial
condition.
We are also subject to federal, state and local environmental laws, regulations and other requirements. More stringent and
varied requirements of local and state governmental bodies with respect to zoning, land use and environmental factors could
delay or prevent development of new venues in particular locations. Environmental laws and regulations also govern, among
other things, discharges of pollutants into the air and water as well as the presence, handling, release and disposal of and
exposure to hazardous substances. These laws provide for significant fines and penalties for noncompliance. Third parties may
also make personal injury, property damage or other claims against us associated with actual or alleged release of, or exposure
to, hazardous substances at our properties. We could also be strictly liable, without regard to fault, for certain environmental
conditions at properties we formerly owned or operated as well as our current properties. The failure to receive or retain a
liquor license, or any other required permit or license, in a particular location, or to continue to qualify for, or renew licenses,
could have a material adverse effect on operations and our ability to obtain such a license or permit in other locations. In
addition, changes in federal law relating to the height of objects around airports may interfere with the planned design,
construction and operation of any of our entertainment golf venues located near airports.
Lawsuits, investigations and indemnification claims could result in significant liabilities and reputational harm, which could
materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
From time to time, we are and may become involved in lawsuits, inquiries or investigations or receive claims for
indemnification. Our efforts to resolve any such lawsuits, inquiries, investigations or claims could be very expensive and highly
damaging to our reputation, even if the underlying claims are without merit. We could potentially be found liable for
significant damages or indemnification obligations. Such developments could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Our risk of litigation includes, but is not limited to, lawsuits that could be brought by users of our properties and property-level
employees. For instance, we are subject to federal and state laws governing minimum wage requirements, overtime
compensation, discrimination and family and medical leave. Any lawsuit alleging a violation of any such laws could result in a
settlement or other resolution that requires us to make a substantial payment, which could have a material adverse effect on
our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, accidents or injuries in connection with our properties could
subject us to liability and reputational harm.
A failure in our systems or infrastructure which maintain our internal and customer data, or those of our third-party service
providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could result in faulty business decisions or harm to our reputation or
subject us to costs, fines or lawsuits.
Certain information relating to our members and guests, including personally identifiable information and credit card
numbers, is collected and maintained by us, or by third-parties that do business with us or facilitate our business activities.
This information is maintained for a period of time for various business purposes, including maintaining records of member
and guest preferences to enhance our customer service and for billing, marketing and promotional purposes. We also
maintain personally identifiable information about our employees. The integrity and protection of our customer, employee
and company data is critical to our business. Our members and guests and our employees expect that we will adequately
protect their personal information, and the regulations applicable to security and privacy are increasingly demanding. Privacy
regulation is an evolving area and compliance with applicable privacy regulations may increase our operating costs or
adversely impact our ability to service our members and guests and market our properties and services.
While we have cyber security procedures and related insurance coverage in place, given the evolving nature of these threats,
there can be no assurance that we will not suffer material losses in the future due to cyber-attacks or other systems or
infrastructure failures. The theft, loss, misappropriation, fraudulent or unlawful use of customer, employee or company data,
including in connection with one or more cyber-attacks on us or one of our third-party providers, could harm our reputation,
result in loss of members or business disruption or result in remedial and other costs, fines or lawsuits. In addition, non-
compliance with applicable privacy regulations by us (or in some circumstances non-compliance by third-parties engaged by
us) could result in fines or restrictions on our use or transfer of data. Any of these matters could adversely affect our business,
financial condition or results of operations.
15
We rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure
of that technology could harm our business.
We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic
information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and maintenance of
records, which in the case of our business, may include personal identifying information. We rely on commercially available
systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing this confidential
information, such as individually identifiable information relating to financial accounts. Although we have taken steps to
protect the security of the data maintained in our information systems, it is possible that our security measures will not be
able to prevent the systems’ improper functioning, or the improper disclosure of personally identifiable information such as in
the event of cyber-attacks. Security breaches, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers
and similar breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any
failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our information systems could interrupt our operations,
damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations. If our incident response and disaster recovery plans do not resolve
these issues in an efficient manner, remediation of these problems could result in significant, unexpected capital expenditures.
Our investments may be subject to significant impairment charges, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
We are required to periodically evaluate our investments for impairment indicators. The value of an investment is impaired
when our analysis indicates that, with respect to a loan, it is probable that we will not be able to collect the full amount we
intended to collect from the loan or, with respect to a security or property, it is probable that the value of the security or
property is other than temporarily impaired. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on a
variety of factors depending upon the nature of the investment and the manner in which the income related to such
investment was calculated for purposes of our financial statements. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, we are
required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the investment and the amount of accrued interest recognized as
income from such investment, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Stock
We may be unable—or elect not—to pay dividends on our common or preferred stock in the future, which would negatively
impact our business in a number of ways and decrease the price of our common and preferred stock.
All future dividend distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other
things, our earnings, investment strategy, financial condition and liquidity, and such other factors as the board of directors
deems relevant. No assurance can be given that we will pay any dividends on our common stock in the future.
We currently have unpaid accrued dividends on our preferred stock. So long as dividends remain accrued and not paid on our
preferred stock, the terms of our preferred stock prohibit us from paying any dividends on our common stock, from
repurchasing or otherwise acquiring shares of our common stock and from redeeming any shares of any series of our
preferred stock without redeeming all of our outstanding preferred shares. If we do not pay dividends on any series of
preferred stock for six or more periods, then holders of each affected series obtain the right to call a special meeting and elect
two members to our board of directors. We cannot predict whether the holders of our preferred stock would take such action
or, if taken, how long the process would take or what impact the two new directors on our board of directors would have on
our company, including with respect to the management of our business.
Maryland takeover statutes may prevent a change of our control, which could depress our stock price.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate
of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder
becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include certain mergers, consolidations, share exchanges, or,
in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities or a liquidation or
dissolution. An interested stockholder is defined as:
• any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding shares; or
16
• an affiliate or associate of a corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question,
was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation.
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by
which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder
generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
• 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation voting
•
together as a single group; and
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the
interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an
affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder voting together as a single voting group.
The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of
consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock or
otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our staggered board and other provisions of our charter and bylaws may prevent a change in our control.
Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. Directors of each class are chosen for three-year terms upon
the expiration of their current terms, and each year one class of directors is elected by the stockholders. The staggered terms
of our directors may reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt at a change in control, even though a tender offer or
change in control might be in the best interest of our stockholders. In addition, our charter and bylaws also contain other
provisions that may delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In
addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and may
set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of directors may
establish a series of preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a
premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
17
Item 2. Properties.
We lease our principal office in Dallas, TX. We also lease a corporate office in New York, NY that previously supported our
entertainment golf business, which is currently subleased to a subtenant. As of December 31, 2023, our New York offices
were subleased for the remaining term of the lease through August 2026 and we had ceased using the El Segundo offices
which were used for our traditional golf segment and remained unused until lease expiration in May 2022.
Entertainment Golf Venues
As of December 31, 2023, we operate four Drive Shack and eight Puttery venues as shown in the following table by location,
category and number of bays, as applicable.
Venue
Drive Shack
Drive Shack
Drive Shack
Drive Shack
Puttery
Puttery
Puttery
Puttery
Puttery
Puttery
Puttery
Puttery
Orlando
Raleigh
Richmond
West Palm Beach
Charlotte
Chicago
Houston
The Colony
Washington
Pittsburgh
Kansas City
Minneapolis
City
State
Category
# of Bays
FL
NC
VA
FL
NC
IL
TX
TX
DC
PA
MO
MN
Leased
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
90
96
96
96
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
The Company opened Puttery venues in Miami, Florida in January 2024 and New York City, New York in March 2024.
Traditional Golf Properties
As of December 31, 2023, we own, lease or manage fifty-five (55) traditional golf properties located in seven (7) states, as
shown in the following table by location, category and number of golf holes.
Owned Properties
Property Name
Tanoan
City
Albuquerque
State
Category
Golf Holes
NM
Private
27
18
Leased Properties
Property Name
City
State
Category
Golf Holes
Alondra
Chester Washington
Clearview (1)
Coyote Hills
Diamond Bar
Don Knabe
Dyker Beach
El Dorado
Heartwell
Knollwood
La Mirada
La Tourette (1)
Lake Forest
Lake Tahoe
Lakewood
Lely
Los Coyotes
Los Verdes
Marshall Canyon
Mission Trails
Mountain Meadows
MountainGate
National City
Pelham Split Rock
Recreation Park 18
Recreation Park 9
San Dimas
Saticoy
Scholl Canyon
Skylinks
South Shore (1)
Tecolote Canyon
Vineyard at Escondido
Waterview
Whittier Narrows
Lawndale
Los Angeles
Bayside Queens
Fullerton
Diamond Bar
Norwalk
Brooklyn
Long Beach
Long Beach
Granada Hills
La Mirada
Staten Island
Lake Forest
S. Lake Tahoe
Lakewood
Naples
Buena Park
Rancho PV
La Verne
San Diego
Pomona
Los Angeles
National City
Bronx
Long Beach
Long Beach
San Dimas
Ventura
Glendale
Long Beach
Staten Island
San Diego
Escondido
Rowlett
Rosemead
CA
CA
NY
CA
CA
CA
NY
CA
CA
CA
CA
NY
CA
CA
CA
FL
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
NY
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
NY
CA
CA
TX
CA
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Private
Private
Public
Public
Public
Public
Private
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
Public
36
18
18
18
18
9
18
18
18
18
18
18
9
18
18
54
27
18
18
18
18
27
9
36
18
9
18
9
18
18
18
18
18
18
27
(1) The leases for these locations expired subsequent to year end, on January 15, 2024, and were not renewed.
19
Managed Properties
Property Name
Anaheim Hills
Bear Creek (2)
Brookside
Canyon Oaks (2)
Dad Miller
El Camino (2)
Fullerton
Lomas Santa Fe (Executive)
Marbella (2)
Monarch Bay
Monterey (2)
Oregon Golf Club (2)
Oso Creek
Palm Valley (2)
Rancho San Joaquin
River Ridge
Sunset Hills (2)
Westchester
Wood Ranch (2)
City
State
Category
Golf Holes
Anaheim
Woodinville
Pasadena
Chico
Anaheim
Oceanside
Fullerton
Solana Beach
SJ Capistrano
San Leandro
Palm Desert
West Linn
Mission Viejo
Palm Desert
Irvine
Oxnard
Thousand Oaks
Los Angeles
Simi Valley
CA
WA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
OR
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
Public
Private
Public
Private
Public
Private
Public
Public
Private
Public
Private
Private
Public
Private
Public
Public
Private
Public
Private
18
18
36
18
18
18
18
18
18
27
27
18
18
36
18
36
18
18
18
(2) The management contracts for these locations expired on December 31, 2023 and were not renewed.
We maintain our properties in good condition and believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet the present needs
of our business. We do not believe any individual property is material to our financial condition or results of operations.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are and may become involved in legal proceedings, including but not limited to regulatory investigations and inquiries, in
the ordinary course of our business. Although we are unable to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any litigation,
regulatory investigation or inquiry, in the opinion of management, we do not expect our current or threatened legal
proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations. Given the inherent
unpredictability of these types of proceedings, however, it is possible that future adverse outcomes could have a material
effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.
20
PART II
Item 5. Market for Company’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
We have one class of common stock and our initial public offering was in October 2002. We are listed and traded on the
OTCMKTS under the symbol “DSHK”.
Our board of directors elected not to pay common stock dividends in 2022 or 2023 to retain capital for growth. All future
dividend distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, our
earnings, investment strategy, financial condition and liquidity, and such other factors as the board of directors deems
relevant. We may declare quarterly distributions on our preferred stock at the discretion of our board of directors. The
Company paid preferred dividends in the amount of $5.6 million for the year 2023.
We have $11.2 million of unpaid undeclared dividends on our preferred stock arising in 2020 and 2023. Our board of directors
has elected not to declare a dividend on preferred stock since January 31, 2023. As a result, we cannot pay any dividends on
our common stock or pay any consideration to repurchase or otherwise acquire shares of our common stock unless full
cumulative preferred dividends have been authorized and paid in accordance with the governing documentation.
On April 15, 2024, the closing sale price for our common stock, as reported on the OTCMKTS, was $0.29. As of April 15, 2024,
there were approximately 49 registered holders of record of our common stock. This number does not reflect the beneficial
owners of shares held in nominee name by record holders on their behalf.
Nonqualified Option and Incentive Award Plans
See Note 11 in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further information.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes certain information about securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation
plans as of December 31, 2023:
(a) Number of
Securities to be
Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options, Warrants,
RSUs and Rights
(b) Weighted
Average Exercise
Price of
Outstanding
Options, Warrants,
RSUs and Rights
(c) Number of
Securities
Remaining
Available for Future
Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation Plans
(Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column
(a)
765,416
$
4.01
— (A)
Plan Category
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security
Holders:
Newcastle Investment Corp. Nonqualified Stock
Option and Incentive Award Plan
(A)
The maximum available for issuance was 166,666 shares in the aggregate over the term of the 2014 Plan and no award (other
than a tandem award) could be granted after April 8, 2015 (but awards granted may extend beyond that date).
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item 6. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Part II,
Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”
21
General Overview
The Company is an owner and operator of golf-related leisure and entertainment venues focused on bringing people together
through competitive socializing. Our common stock is traded on the OTCMKTS under the symbol “DSHK.”
The Company conducts its business through two primary operating segments:
Entertainment Golf Business | Drive Shack and Puttery
Our entertainment golf business is primarily focused on competitive socializing within the leisure and social
entertainment
innovative technology
modernizing ways to experience golf as a sport and form of entertainment that appeals to a broad range of audiences
and competitive appetites.
industry, combining chef-inspired food and beverage offerings, with
The Company launched its first Puttery venue in September 2021 in The Colony, Texas. As of December 31, 2023, the
Company operated eight leased Puttery venues located in The Colony, Texas, Charlotte, North Carolina, Washington,
D.C., Houston, Texas, Kansas City, Missouri, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Chicago, Illinois.
The Company opened the Puttery venue in Miami, Florida in January 2024 and New York City, New York in March
2024. Puttery venues are indoor venues typically located in urban and suburban dining and entertainment districts.
We opened our first Drive Shack venue in Orlando, Florida in April 2018, which has largely served as our research and
development and testing venue. During the second half of 2019, we opened three Generation 2.0 Drive Shack venues
in Raleigh, North Carolina; Richmond, Virginia and West Palm Beach, Florida.
Additionally, the Company is committed to a concession agreement in Manhattan (Randall’s Island), New York for a
Drive Shack entertainment golf venues.
Traditional Golf Business
Our traditional golf business, American Golf, is one of the largest operators of golf properties in the United States. As
of December 31, 2023, we owned, leased or managed fifty-five (55) properties across seven states and have more
than 30,000 members.
During 2022, the Company exited two management agreements. Effective December 31, 2023, we exited an
additional nine management agreements.
For further information relating to our business, see “Item 1. Business.”
Market Considerations
Our ability to execute our business strategy, particularly the development of our entertainment golf business, depends to a
degree on our ability to optimize our traditional golf business and obtain additional capital. We have substantially monetized
our historical investments in loans and securities. We last raised capital through the equity markets in February 2021, and
rising interest rates or stock market volatility could impair our future ability to raise equity capital on attractive terms.
Our ability to generate income is dependent on, among other factors, our ability to raise capital and finance properties on
favorable terms, deploy capital on a timely basis at attractive returns, and exit properties at favorable yields. Market
conditions outside of our control, such as interest rates, inflation, consumer discretionary spending and stock market volatility
affect these objectives in a variety of ways.
Entertainment Golf Business
Our ability to open additional entertainment golf-related venue formats in 2024 and beyond will depend on many factors,
including our ability to identify sites that meet our requirements and negotiate acceptable purchase or lease terms. There is
competition within the bid process, and land development and construction are subject to obtaining the necessary regulatory
approvals. Delays in these processes, as well as completing construction and recruiting and training the necessary talent, could
impact our business.
22
Trends in consumer spending, as well as climate and weather patterns, could have an impact on the markets in which we
currently, or will in the future operate. In addition, our entertainment golf business could be impacted on a season-to-season
basis, based upon corporate event and social gatherings during peak and off-peak times.
Traditional Golf Business
Our traditional golf business is subject to trends in consumer discretionary spending, as well as climate and weather patterns,
which has a significant impact on the markets in which we operate. Traditional Golf is generally subject to seasonal
fluctuations caused by significant reductions in golf activities due to shorter days and colder temperatures in the first and
fourth quarters of each year. Consequently, a significantly larger portion of our revenue from our traditional golf operations is
earned in the second and third quarters of our fiscal year. In addition, severe weather patterns can also negatively impact our
results of operations.
While consumer spending in the traditional golf industry has not grown in recent years, we believe improving economic
conditions and improvements in local housing markets have helped and will continue to help drive membership growth and
increase the number of golf rounds played. In addition, we believe growth in related industries, including leisure, fitness and
entertainment, may positively impact our traditional golf business.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated
Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that could
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported
amounts of revenue and expenses. Our estimates are based on information available to management at the time of
preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the result of historical analysis, our understanding and
experience of the Company’s operations, our knowledge of the industry and market-participant data available to us.
Actual results have historically been in line with management’s estimates and judgments used in applying each of the
accounting policies described below, and management periodically re-evaluates accounting estimates and assumptions. Actual
results could differ from these estimates and materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements. However, the Company
does not expect our assessments and assumptions below to materially change in the future.
A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which
appear in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” The following is a summary of our accounting
policies that are most affected by judgments, estimates and assumptions.
Impairment of Property and Equipment, Right of Use Assets and Intangible Assets
Long-lived property, equipment and definite-lived intangible assets are tested for potential impairment when changes in
circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets, or other appropriate grouping of assets, may not be fully
recoverable. Indicators of impairment include material adverse changes in the projected revenues and expenses, significant
underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, changes to our intent and ability to hold and use
each asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development of new venues, and significant negative industry or
economic trends. An impairment is determined to have occurred if the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be
generated is less than the carrying value of an asset. The impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value
and the fair value. Significant judgment is required both in determining impairment and in estimating the fair value. We may
use assumptions and estimates derived from a review of our operating results, business projections, expected growth rates,
discount rates, and tax rates. We also make certain assumptions about future economic conditions interest rates, and other
market data. Many of the factors used in these assumptions and estimates are outside the control of management and can
change in future periods.
Membership Deposit Liabilities
In our traditional golf business, until 2021, private country club members generally paid an advance initiation deposit upon
their acceptance as a member to their country club. Initiation deposits are refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance as
a member. The difference between the initiation deposit paid by the member and the present value of the refund obligation is
considered to be deferred revenue and recognized as revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line
basis over the expected life of an active membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The determination of the
estimated average expected life of an active membership is based on company-specific historical data and involves judgment
23
and estimation. The present value of the refund obligation is recorded as a membership deposit liability in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets and accretes over a 30-year nonrefundable term using the effective interest method. This accretion is recorded
as interest expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of the end 2021, all private country club members generally pay an advance initiation fee upon their acceptance as a
member to their country club. Initiation fees are non-refundable after the date of acceptance as a member. The initiation fee
revenue is deferred and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the expected life
of an active membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The determination of the estimated average expected life of
an active membership is based on company-specific historical data and involves judgment and estimation.
Results of Operations
The following tables summarize the changes in our consolidated results of operations from year-to-year (dollars in thousands):
Comparison for Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Revenues
Golf operations (A)
Sales of food and beverages
Total revenues
Operating costs
Operating expenses (A)
Cost of sales - food and beverages
General and administrative expense
Depreciation and amortization
Pre-opening costs
Loss on lease terminations and impairment
Total operating costs
Operating loss
Other income (expenses)
Interest and investment income
Interest expense
Other (loss) income, net
Total other income (expenses)
Loss before income tax
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
Increase (Decrease)
%
Amount
$
276,524 $
92,948
369,472
248,980 $
76,763
325,743
27,544
16,185
43,729
289,149
22,133
23,400
30,025
6,528
34,093
405,328
(35,856)
379
(13,167)
6,227
(6,561)
261,789
19,375
38,844
25,683
6,436
17,176
369,303
(43,560)
2,116
(13,666)
5,099
(6,451)
$
(42,417) $
(50,011) $
27,360
2,758
(15,444)
4,342
92
16,917
36,025
(7,704)
(1,737)
(499)
1,128
(110)
(7,594)
11.1 %
21.1 %
13.4 %
10.5 %
14.2 %
(39.8) %
16.9 %
1.4 %
98.5 %
9.8 %
(17.7) %
(82.1) %
(3.7) %
(22.1) %
(1.7) %
(15.2) %
(A) Includes $59.8 million and $59.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to
management contract reimbursements reported under revenue accounting standard, ASC 606.
Revenues from Golf Operations
Revenues from golf operations increased by $27.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year
ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to a $21.4 million increase in Traditional Golf revenue primarily due to: (i) $9.0
million from three new courses added to the portfolio and (ii) $12.4 million from the existing course portfolio. Golf Operation
revenues also increased in 2023 in Entertainment Golf by $6.9M as three Putterys (Washington, Chicago, and Houston) that
opened in 2022 completed their first full-year of operations and an additional three new Putterys opened (Pittsburgh,
Minneapolis, and Kansas City) in 2023.
24
Sales of Food and Beverages
Sales of food and beverages increased by $16.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year
ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to a $10.9 million increase in Entertainment Golf sales and a $5.3 million increase in
Traditional Golf sales.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses increased by $27.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended
December 31, 2022, due to a $12.6 million increase in traditional golf operating expenses, and a $14.7 million increase in
entertainment golf operating expenses. The increase in traditional golf expenses was driven by a $7.6 million increase in
payroll due to additional personnel, an additional $3.5 million from facilities and general operating expenses from increased
operations. Entertainment golf expenses increased $14.7 million due to $5.2 million of additional payroll and payroll related
costs to support increased operations for the new Puttery locations, and $9.5 million of supplies and general operating
expenses.
Cost of Sales - Food and Beverages
Food and beverage cost of sales increased by $2.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year
ended December 31, 2022 , as both traditional golf and entertainment golf saw F&B sales increase by $5.3 million and $10.9
million, respectively.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense decreased by $15.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the
year ended December 31, 2022 which includes a $3.1 million decrease in traditional golf expense and an decrease of
entertainment and corporate expenses of $12.3 million. The decrease in entertainment golf is primarily attributed to the
decline in payroll cost as the corporate team was streamlined and the accounting function outsourced to a third party. The
decrease of general and administrative expenses in traditional golf similarly can be attributed to turnover in the corporate
team.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased by $4.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year
ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to the additions of the Puttery DC, Puttery Houston, and Puttery Chicago completing
its first year of operations during 2023.
Pre-Opening Costs
Pre-opening costs increased by $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December
31, 2022 due to the recent openings of three Puttery locations in Pittsburgh, Minneapolis, and Kansas City.
(Gain) Loss on Lease Terminations and Impairment
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.5 million in the traditional golf
business related to three courses for which the leases expired and were not renewed in January 2024 and the entertainment
golf business recognized an impairment of $1.8 million related to assets for the Puttery location in Philadelphia for which a
final lease termination was undertaken in 2023 due to a change in zoning laws. Additionally, the entertainment golf business
recognized impairments totaling $31.8 million related to two underperforming Drive Shack venues in Richmond, Virginia, and
Orlando, Florida. Both locations remain open and operating with no physical disposition of the underlying assets.
Interest and Investment Income
There was an increase of $0.4 million mainly due to the realization of gains on Real Estate Securities during the year ended
December 31, 2023.
25
Interest Expense, net
The increase in interest expense, net relates to additional interest accretion related to MDLs and to finance leases during the
year ended December 31, 2023.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net increased by $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended
December 31, 2022 primarily due to additional insurance proceeds received in 2023 from fire and hurricane related events at
our traditional golf courses of $5.1 million that occurred in 2021, and $0.8 million in insurance premium refunds and
adjustments and other miscellaneous items.
Comparison of Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
For details on Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, please see our 2022 financial
statements filed on April 27, 2023.
26
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our primary sources of liquidity are our current balances of cash and cash equivalents. We also generated liquidity through
our common stock offerings completed during the first quarter of 2021 and the third quarter of 2023 and financing in the form
of a five-year senior secured delayed draw term loan facility during the first quarter of 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $12.4 million of available cash, including $1.0 million of cash from the traditional
golf business.
Our primary cash needs are capital expenditures for developing and opening new Puttery venues and one Drive Shack venue,
remodeling and maintaining existing facilities, funding working capital, operating lease and finance lease obligations, servicing
our debt obligations, paying dividends on our preferred stock, and for general corporate purposes.
The Company’s growth strategy is capital intensive and our ability to execute is dependent upon many factors, including the
current and future operating performance of our entertainment golf venues and traditional golf properties, the pace of
expansion, real estate markets, site locations, our ability to raise financing and the nature of the arrangements negotiated
with landlords. Based upon current levels of operations and anticipated growth, we expect that cash flows from operations,
combined with other financing alternatives in place or available will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital
expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future.
On March 8, 2023, New Drive Shack Holdings LLC & Subsidiaries (the “Company”) announced that its entertainment golf
business had obtained financing to fund the continued expansion of the Puttery business, in the form of a five-year senior
secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $26.5 million (the “Facility”) to meet our near
term liquidity requirements to fund our planned growth, including new venue development and construction, product
innovation, and general corporate needs. Our first draw was made in the amount of $16.5 million during the first quarter of
2023, excluding transaction costs. The option to draw the reminder of the amount was extended to December 30, 2023 and
subsequently the draw in the amount of $10.5 million (excluding any transaction fees) was made on November 28, 2023.
In the third quarter of 2023, we commenced a rights offering to qualified institutions that held common stock as of July 28,
2023. The rights entitled qualified institutions to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 67.5 million shares of common stock at a
price equal to $0.20 per whole share. The rights offering closed on September 11, 2023 and total gross proceeds from the
participation were $13.5 million. The proceeds are meant to be used for the completion of remaining Puttery's, as well as to
remodel and refurbish the existing Drive Shack facilities.
In February 2021, the Company raised $54.6 million in net proceeds through an equity offering.
We also generated capital through the completion of the sales of 25 of our 26 owned traditional golf properties which was
completed by December 31, 2020. The proceeds generated by these transactions were reinvested in our entertainment golf
business and used to pay overhead expenses.
For a further discussion of risks that could affect our liquidity, access to capital resources and our capital obligations, see Part I,
Item 1A. “Risk Factors” above.
Summary of Cash Flows
The following table and discussion summarize our key cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities:
27
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
$
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents,
Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash, noncurrent
$
Operating Activities
2023
Year ended December 31,
2022
2021
13,191 $
(46,045)
31,747
(1,107) $
15,446 $
(50,823)
(10,253)
(45,630) $
254
(32,587)
44,064
11,731
Cash flows used in operating activities consist primarily of net losses adjusted for certain items including depreciation and
amortization of assets, amortization of prepaid golf member dues, impairment losses, other gains and losses from the sale of
assets, stock-based compensation expense, and the effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased from $15.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $13.2
million for the year ended December 31, 2023. It increased from $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $15.4
million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease from 2022 to 2023 was primarily the result of changes in
operating assets and liabilities which were driven by a decision to significantly limit annual membership pre-sales at the end of
2023 and increased deposits required to be made to credit card processors in 2023.
Investing Activities
Cash flows used in investing activities primarily relate to capital expenditures related to the development of the entertainment
golf venues and renovations of existing facilities.
Cash used in investing activities decreased by $4.8 million in 2023 compared to 2022 and increased by $18.3 million from 2021
to 2022. Our total capital expenditures for 2023, 2022, and 2021 were $51.5 million, $56.4 million, and $32.6 million
respectively. We expect our capital expenditures over the next 12 months to range between $20.0 and $25.0 million primarily
related to maintaining existing facilities. These capital expenditures are expected to be funded through cash provided by
operations as well as cash on hand at December 31, 2023.
Financing Activities
Cash flows used in or provided by financing activities consist primarily of cash from the origination and repayment of debt
obligations, the issuance of common stock, deposits received on golf memberships, and the payment of preferred dividends.
Cash provided by financing activities increased by $42.0 million in 2023 compared to 2022. Cash used in financing activities
increased by $54.3 million in 2022 compared to 2021.
Dividends. The Company paid preferred dividends declared in the amount of $1.4 million in 2023 and $5.6 million in
2022. The Company has an ongoing obligation to satisfy the distribution requirements of the preferred shares, in
accordance with the terms of the issuance. The timing and amount of distributions on our common stock are in the
sole discretion of its board of directors.
Debt Obligations. The Company made contractual payments on its finance leases in 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Additionally, new debt was taken on in the form of the Entertainment Golf Credit facility totaling $26.5 million in
2023.
Golf Membership Deposits. Until 2021, private country club members generally paid an advance initiation deposit
upon their acceptance as a member to the respective country club, which are refundable 30 years after the date of
acceptance as a member.
28
Debt Instruments
See Note 8 in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further information related to our debt
obligations and contractual maturities as of December 31, 2023.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2023, we had the following material off-balance sheet arrangements. We believe that these off-balance
sheet structures presented the most efficient and least expensive form of financing for these assets at the time they were
entered and represented the most common market-accepted method for financing such assets.
•
•
In April 2006, we securitized Subprime Portfolio I. The loans were sold to a securitization trust, of which 80% were
treated as a sale, which is an off-balance sheet financing.
In July 2007, we securitized Subprime Portfolio II. The loans were sold to a securitization trust, of which 90% were
treated as a sale, which is an off-balance sheet financing.
We have no obligation to repurchase any loans from either of our subprime securitizations. Therefore, it is expected that our
exposure to loss is limited to the carrying amount of our retained interests in the securitization entities, in the amount of $0.4
million as of December 31, 2023. A subsidiary of ours gave limited representations and warranties with respect to the second
securitization; however, it has no assets and does not have recourse to the general credit of the Company.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual arrangements as of December 31, 2023, and the timing and effect that such
commitments are expected to have on our liquidity and capital requirements in future periods:
Contract
2024
Fixed and Determinable Payments Due by Period
2027-2028
2025-2026
Thereafter
Total
Finance lease obligations - Equipment (A)
Debt obligations (B)
Operating lease obligations (C)
Membership deposit liabilities (D)
Total
3,862
9,059
31,224
26,860
71,005 $
4,747
17,763
56,110
19,615
98,235 $
1,502
34,556
52,271
27,691
116,020 $
50
77,144
164,189
189,077
430,460 $
10,161
138,522
303,794
263,243
715,720
$
(A)
(B)
(C)
Includes interest based on rates existing at lease inception or ASC 842 adoption on January 1, 2019. Leases that are repayable prior to
maturity at our options are reflected as their contractual maturity dates. See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for
further discussions.
Includes interest based on rates existing at December 31, 2023 and assumes no prepayments. Obligations that are repayable prior to
maturity at our option are reflected at their contractual maturity dates. See Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further
discussions.
Includes leases of golf courses and related facilities, carts and equipment. Excludes escalation charges which per our lease agreements
are not fixed and determinable payments. Also excludes two month-to-month property leases which are cancellable by the parties
with 30 days written notice and various month-to-month operating leases for carts and equipment. See Notes 2 and 6 to our
Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions.
(D) Amounts represent gross initiation deposits refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance of a member. See Notes 2 and 13 to our
Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
29
Item 7. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign currency exchange rates,
commodity prices and equity prices. We substantially exited our real estate related debt positions, which significantly reduced
our market risk exposure related to interest rate risk, credit spread risk and credit risk. We are also exposed to inflationary
factors in our business.
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to market price fluctuation in food and beverage product prices and these fluctuations can materially impact
our costs. There is no assurance that supply and demand factors such as disease or inclement weather will not cause the
prices of the commodities used in our operations to fluctuate. Significant increases in the price of commodities could have a
material impact on our operating results to the extent that such increases cannot be offset by menu price increases or other
operating efficiencies.
Inflation
The primary inflationary factors affecting our operations include materials and labor costs. We have a substantial number of
hourly employees who are paid wage rates at or based on the applicable federal, state or city minimum wage and increases in
the minimum wage will increase our labor costs. In general, we have been able to partially offset cost increases resulting from
inflation by increasing prices, improving productivity, or other operating changes. We may or may not be able to offset cost
increases in the future. In addition, our leases require us to pay taxes, maintenance, repairs and utilities and these costs are
subject to inflationary increases. In some cases, some of our lease commitments are tied to consumer price index increases.
Trends
See Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Market
Considerations” for a further discussion of recent trends and events affecting our liquidity, unrealized gains and losses.
30
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Index to Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Auditors
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
31
Independent Auditor’s Report
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Drive Shack Inc. and Subsidiaries
Opinion
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Drive Shack Inc. and Subsidiaries (the
Company), which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, the related
consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the
year then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial
statements).
In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Drive Shack Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of
America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s
Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be
independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the
relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Other Matter
The financial statements of the Company, as of December 31, 2022 and for each of the two years in the
period ended December 31, 2022, were audited by other auditors, whose report, dated April 27, 2023,
expressed an unmodified opinion on those statements.
Other Information Included in the Annual Report
Management is responsible for the other information included in the annual report. The other information
comprises the information included in the annual report but does not include the financial statements and
our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information,
and we do not express an opinion or any form of assurance thereon.
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information
and consider whether a material inconsistency exists between the other information and the financial
statements, or the other information otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work
performed, we conclude that an uncorrected material misstatement of the other information exists, we are
required to describe it in our report.
32
Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes
the design, implementation and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair
presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or
error.
In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or
events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue
as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued or available to
be issued.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance
and, therefore, is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a
material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from
fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional
omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material
if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment
made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.
In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:
Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to
fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures
include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant
accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the
financial statements.
Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that
raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable
period of time.
We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters,
the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related
matters that we identified during the audit.
Orlando, Florida
May 31, 2024
33
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Accounts receivable, net
Real estate securities, trading
Real estate securities, available-for-sale
Other current assets
Total Current Assets
Restricted cash, noncurrent
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Intangibles, net of accumulated amortization
Other assets
Total Assets
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities
Obligations under finance leases
Credit facilities - current
Membership deposit liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Deferred revenue
Other current liabilities
Total Current Liabilities
Obligations under finance leases - noncurrent
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent
Credit facilities, net - noncurrent
Junior subordinated notes payable
Membership deposit liabilities, noncurrent
Deferred revenue, noncurrent
Other liabilities
Total Liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
34
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
12,407 $
3,204
10,779
392
—
25,489
52,271
216
197,680
162,241
12,500
10,965
435,873 $
3,409 $
1,325
26,323
41,984
15,731
16,200
104,972
5,772
176,469
23,686
51,150
111,617
14,989
212
488,867 $
12,345
4,373
8,305
—
1,631
24,872
51,526
216
198,442
189,993
14,108
3,696
457,981
4,761
—
22,479
41,477
29,490
28,904
127,111
5,649
177,867
200
51,169
109,762
11,303
1,877
484,938
Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 1,347,321 shares of 9.75%
Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (2,875,000 shares authorized), 496,000
shares of 8.05% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (1,800,000 shares
authorized), and 620,000 shares of 8.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock (2,300,000 shares authorized), liquidation preference $25.00 per share for all Series
of shares, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 159,544,168 and
92,086,727 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Total equity of the Company
Noncontrolling interest
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
$
61,583 $
61,583
1,595
3,246,823
(3,368,801)
—
(58,800) $
5,806
(52,994) $
924
3,232,104
(3,326,357)
(281)
(32,027)
5,070
(26,957)
435,873 $
457,981
$
$
$
35
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues
Golf operations
Sales of food and beverages
Total revenues
Operating costs
Operating expenses
Cost of sales - food and beverages
General and administrative expense
Depreciation and amortization
Pre-opening costs
Loss on lease terminations and impairment
Total operating costs
Operating loss
Other income (expenses)
Interest and investment income
Interest expense
Other income, net
Total other (expenses) income
Loss before income tax
Income tax (benefit) provision
Net loss
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net loss attributable to the Company
Preferred dividends
Loss applicable to common stockholders
Loss Applicable to Common Stock, per share
Basic
Diluted
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023
2021
$
276,524 $
92,948
369,472
248,980 $
76,763
325,743
232,114
49,750
281,864
222,260
12,814
33,809
24,018
4,552
5,035
302,488
(20,624)
684
(10,698)
655
(9,359)
(29,983)
1,779
(31,762)
(393)
(31,369)
(5,580)
(36,949)
289,149
22,133
23,400
30,025
6,528
34,093
405,328
(35,856)
379
(13,167)
6,227
(6,561)
(42,417)
(391)
(42,026)
(48)
(41,978)
(6,072)
(48,050) $
261,789
19,375
38,844
25,683
6,436
17,176
369,303
(43,560)
2,116
(13,666)
5,099
(6,451)
(50,011)
2,035
(52,046)
(145)
(51,901)
(5,580)
(57,481) $
$
$
$
(0.42) $
(0.42) $
(0.62) $
(0.62) $
(0.41)
(0.41)
Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
Basic
Diluted
114,618,112
114,618,112
92,351,215
92,351,215
89,733,378
89,733,378
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
36
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands)
Net loss
Other comprehensive loss:
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
Other comprehensive gain (loss)
Total comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023
2021
$
(42,026) $
(52,046) $
(31,762)
281
281
(41,745)
(48)
(41,697) $
(1,444)
(1,444)
(53,490)
(145)
(53,345) $
(305)
(305)
(32,067)
(393)
(31,674)
$
37
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Drive Shack Inc. Stockholders
(dollars in thousands, except
share data)
Equity (deficit) - December
31, 2020
Dividends declared
Stock-based compensation
Shares issued from options
and restricted stock units
Shares issued from equity
raise
Contributed Capital
Net loss
Other comprehensive
loss
Total comprehensive loss
Equity (deficit) - December
31, 2021
Dividends declared
Stock-based compensation
Shares issued from options
and restricted stock units
Shares issued from equity
raise
Contributed Capital
Capital Distribution
Net loss
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss
Equity (deficit) - December
31, 2022
Dividends declared
Stock-based compensation
Shares issued from options
and restricted stock units
Shares issued from equity
raise
Contributed Capital
Capital Distribution
Net loss
Other comprehensive
i
Total comprehensive loss
Equity (deficit) - December
31, 2023
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Additional
Paid in
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated
Other Comp.
Income
(Loss)
Noncontrolling
interest
Total Equity
(Deficit)
2,463,321 $ 61,583 67,323,592 $
—
—
—
—
—
811,500
— 23,958,333
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,463,321 $ 61,583 92,093,425 $
—
—
—
—
291,594
—
—
—
—
673 $ 3,178,704 $ (3,232,391) $
(5,116)
—
—
—
2,053
2
—
(7)
7
—
53,666
239
(808)
—
—
(31,369)
—
—
—
921 $ 3,233,608 $ (3,268,876) $
—
—
(5,580)
(345)
—
—
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,159)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(51,901)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,463,321 $ 61,583 92,385,019 $
—
—
—
—
—
149,660
— 67,009,489
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
924 $ 3,232,104 $ (3,326,357) $
(466)
—
—
—
82
—
—
(1)
1
670
—
12,557
—
2,081
—
—
—
—
(41,978)
—
—
—
1,468 $
—
—
—
—
—
(305)
1,163 $
— $
— $
—
—
—
—
1,849
(393)
—
1,456 $
— $
—
3
—
—
—
—
(1,444)
(281) $
—
—
—
—
—
—
281
—
4,044
(285)
(145)
—
5,070 $
—
—
—
—
1,807
(1,023)
(48)
—
10,037
(5,116)
2,055
—
53,905
1,041
(31,762)
(305)
(32,067)
29,855
(5,580)
(345)
3
—
2,885
(285)
(52,046)
(1,444)
(53,490)
(26,957)
(466)
82
—
13,227
3,888
(1,023)
(42,026)
281
(41,745)
(52,994)
2,463,321 $ 61,583 159,544,168 $
1,595 $ 3,246,823 $ (3,368,801) $
0 $
5,806 $
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
38
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating
Depreciation and amortization
Amortization of premium
Membership deposit liability accretion expense
Amortization of revenue on golf membership deposit liabilities
Non-cash operating lease expense (benefit)
Stock based compensation
Loss on Lease Terminations and Impairment
Gain from insurance proceeds for property loss
Realized gain on investment
Other (gains) losses, net
Change in:
Accounts receivable, net, other current assets and other assets -
Accounts payable and accrued expenses, deferred revenue, other
Net cash provided by operating activities
d h l b l
l b l
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Insurance proceeds for property loss
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Redemption of Real Estate Securities
Acquisition and additions of property and equipment and intangibles
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Preferred stock dividends paid
Borrowings under debt agreements
Repayments of debt obligations
Payment of deferred financing fees
Golf membership deposits received
Capital distribution paid
Issuance of common stock
Capital contributions received
Other financing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
39
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
2023
$
(42,026) $
(52,046) $
(31,762)
30,025
253
6,443
(3,401)
6,147
82
34,093
(3,804)
(101)
541
(10,360)
(4,701)
13,191
3,804
8
1,621
(51,478)
(46,045)
(1,395)
26,500
(5,540)
(1,961)
—
(1,023)
13,227
3,888
(1,949)
31,747
25,683
(770)
10,463
(2,275)
2,606
(342)
17,176
(3,205)
(1,244)
403
9,583
9,414
15,446
3,205
—
2,420
(56,448)
(50,823)
(5,580)
—
(5,647)
—
45
(285)
3
2,883
(1,672)
(10,253)
24,018
(576)
8,198
(2,148)
(1,221)
2,055
5,035
—
—
(384)
(12,069)
9,108
254
—
—
—
(32,587)
(32,587)
(4,185)
—
(6,350)
—
1,601
—
53,905
—
(907)
44,064
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash
and Restricted Cash, noncurrent
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash,
noncurrent, Beginning of Period
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash,
noncurrent, End of Period
Cash paid during the period for income taxes
Cash paid during the period for interest expense
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Preferred stock dividends declared but not paid
Additions to finance lease assets and liabilities
Additions for Right of Use Asset and Liabilities
Increases (decreases) in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to
the purchase of property and equipment
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(1,107)
(45,630)
11,731
16,934
62,564
50,833
15,827 $
1,605 $
6,376 $
— $
4,311 $
3,725 $
16,934 $
1,985 $
2,776 $
930 $
1,936 $
33,415 $
318 $
2,143 $
62,564
1,489
2,297
930
1,955
9,806
(728)
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
40
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
1. ORGANIZATION
Drive Shack Inc., which is referred to in these consolidated financial statements, as Drive Shack Inc. or the Company, is an
owner and operator of golf-related leisure and entertainment venues focused on bringing people together through
competitive socializing. The Company, a Maryland corporation, was formed in 2002, and its common stock is traded on the
OTCMKTS under the symbol “DSHK.”
The Company conducts its business through the following segments: (i) entertainment golf venues, (ii) traditional golf
properties and (iii) corporate. For a further discussion of the reportable segments, see Note 4.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company operated four Drive Shack venues located in Orlando, Florida, West Palm Beach,
Florida, Raleigh, North Carolina, and Richmond, Virginia.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company operated eight leased Puttery venues located in The Colony, Texas, Charlotte, North
Carolina, Washington, D.C., Houston, Texas, Kansas City, Missouri, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and
Chicago, Illinois. The Company opened the Puttery venues in Miami, Florida in January 2024 and New York City, New York in
March 2024.
The Company's traditional golf business is one of the largest operators of golf courses and country clubs in the United States.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned, leased or managed fifty-five (55) properties across seven states. Effective
December 31, 2023, we exited nine of these management agreements.
The corporate segment consists primarily of securities and other investments and executive management.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Accounting — The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles or GAAP. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company
consolidates those entities in which it has an investment of 50% or more and has control over significant operating, financial
and investing decisions of the entity.
Reclassifications — Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year statement of operations and statement of cash
flows to conform to classifications used in the current year specifically related to the classification of types of revenue in the
entertainment golf segment and changes in deferred revenue in operating activities. These reclassifications had no impact on
net loss, equity or cash flows as previously reported.
Risks and Uncertainties — We plan to develop and construct our entertainment golf business through long term ground
leases of existing retail real estate. Developing new entertainment golf venues requires a significant amount of time and
resources and poses a number of risks. Construction of new venues may result in cost overruns, delays or unanticipated
expenses related to zoning or tax laws. We face competition for potential site locations. Desirable sites may be unavailable or
expensive, and the markets in which new venues are located may deteriorate over time. Additionally, the market potential of
venues cannot be precisely determined, and our venues may face competition in new markets from unexpected sources.
Constructed venues may not perform up to our expectations.
Use of Estimates — Our estimates are based on information available to management at the time of preparation of the
Consolidated Financial Statements, including the results of historical analysis, our understanding and experience of the
Company's operations, our knowledge of the industry and market-participant data available to us. Actual results have
historically been in line with management's estimates and judgements used in applying each of the accounting policies, and
management periodically re-evaluates accounting estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from these estimates
and materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements. However, we do not expect our assessments and assumptions to
materially change in the future.
Comprehensive Loss and Income — Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during
a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and
41
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
distributions to owners. For the Company's purposes, comprehensive income represents primarily net income (loss), as
presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-
sale. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accumulated other comprehensive loss included net unrealized gains on securities of
$0.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Golf Operations
Entertainment Golf — Revenue from bay play, gameplay, events, and other operating activities (consisting primarily of
instruction and merchandise sales) is generally recognized at a point in time which is at the time of sale or when services are
rendered and collectability is probable.
Traditional Golf — Revenue from green fees, cart rentals, merchandise sales and other operating activities (consisting
primarily of range income, banquets and club amenities) is generally recognized at a point in time which is at the time of sale
or when services are rendered and collectability is probable.
Revenue from membership dues for private club members and The Players Club members is recognized in the month earned.
Membership dues received in advance are included in deferred revenue and recognized as revenue ratably over the
appropriate period, which is generally twelve months or less for private club members and the following month for The
Players Club members. The membership dues are generally structured to cover the club operating costs and membership
services.
Private country club members generally pay an advance initiation fee upon their acceptance as a member to the respective
country club. Initiation fees are non-refundable after the date of acceptance as a member and recorded as revenue over the
expected life of an active membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The initiation fee revenue is deferred and
recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the expected life of an active
membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The determination of the estimated average expected life of an active
membership is based on company-specific historical data and involves judgment and estimation. Until 2021, private country
club members generally paid an advance initiation deposit which was refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance as a
member. The difference between the initiation deposit paid by the member and the present value of the refund obligation is
deferred and recognized into revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the seven
year expected life of an active membership. The present value of the refund obligation is recorded as a membership deposit
liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and accretes over a 30-year nonrefundable term using the effective interest
method. This accretion is recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenue from the reimbursement of certain operating costs incurred at the Company’s managed traditional golf properties is
recognized at the time the associated operating costs are incurred as collectability is probable per the terms of the
management contracts and the repayment histories of the property owners.
Seasonality
Seasonality can affect our results of operations. Our traditional golf business is subject to seasonal fluctuations as colder
temperatures and shorter days reduce the demand for outdoor activities. As a result, the traditional golf business generates a
disproportionate share of its annual revenue in the second and third quarters of each calendar year. In addition, our Drive
Shack and Puttery venues could be significantly impacted on a season-to-season basis, based on corporate event and social
gathering volumes during holiday seasons and school vacation schedules.
Sales of Food and Beverages — Revenue from food and beverage sales is recorded at the time of sale, net of discounts.
42
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Other Income (Loss), Net — These items are comprised of the following:
Insurance proceeds
Loss on sale of long-lived assets and intangibles
Collateral management fee income, net
Other income
Other income, net
EXPENSE RECOGNITION
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
2023
5,114
(18)
187
944
6,227 $
3,205
(38)
96
1,836
5,099 $
$
—
—
191
464
655
Operating Expenses — Operating expenses consist primarily of payroll, utilities, repairs and maintenance, supplies, marketing,
technology support and operating lease rent expense. A majority of the properties and related facilities are leased under long-
term operating leases. See Note 6 for additional information.
General and Administrative Expense — General and administrative expense consists of costs associated with corporate and
administrative functions that support development and operations.
Pre-Opening Costs — Pre-opening costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of employee payroll, marketing
expenses, operating lease costs, travel and related expenses, training costs, food, beverage and other restaurant operating
expenses incurred prior to opening an entertainment golf venue.
Deferred Costs — Deferred costs consist primarily of costs incurred in obtaining financing which are amortized into interest
expense over the term of such financing using either the straight-line basis or the interest method. Deferred financing costs
are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability.
Interest Expense, Net — The Company financed traditional golf and corporate using both fixed and floating rate debt,
including mortgage loans and other financing vehicles. Certain of this debt has been issued at a discount. Discounts are
accreted into interest expense on the effective yield or interest method, based upon a comparison of actual and expected cash
flows, through the expected maturity date of the financing. See Note 8 for additional information.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense — From 2018 through 2023, the Company maintained an equity incentive plan under
which non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, and restricted stock units or RSUs were granted to employees and
non-employee directors. Stock options and RSUs are expensed based on the fair value on the date of grant and amortized on a
straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of RSUs is determined using the stock price on the date of
grant. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Unvested
stock options and RSUs are forfeited by non-employee directors upon their departure from the board of directors and
forfeited by employees upon their termination. All stock-based compensation expense is recorded as general and
administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of May 9, 2024, the Company did not maintain and
equity incentive plan. See Note 11 for additional information.
BALANCE SHEET MEASUREMENT
Property and Equipment, Net — Real estate related improvements and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated
depreciation. Costs that both materially add value to an asset and extend the useful life of an asset by more than a year are
capitalized which may include significant renovations, remodels and major repairs. Costs that do not meet this criteria, such as
minor repairs and routine maintenance, are expensed as incurred.
43
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the lesser of the following estimated useful lives or the
lease term:
Buildings and improvements
Finance leases - equipment
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
10-40 years
2-6 years
2-7 years
The Company leases certain golf carts and other equipment that are classified as finance lease ROUs. The value of finance
leases is recorded as an asset on the balance sheet, along with a liability related to the present value of associated payments.
Depreciation of finance lease assets is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives
or the expected lease terms. The cost of equipment under finance leases is recorded in "Property and equipment, net of
accumulated depreciation" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Payments under the leases are treated as reductions of the
obligations under finance leases, with a portion being recorded as interest expense under the effective interest method.
Real Estate, Held-for-Sale — Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, which meet certain criteria, are reclassified to real
estate held-for-sale and measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs of sale. The Company suspends
depreciation and amortization for assets held-for-sale. Subsequent changes to the estimated fair value less costs to sell could
impact the measurement of assets held-for-sale. Decreases below carrying value are recognized as an impairment loss and
recorded in "Impairment and other losses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. To the extent the fair value
increases, any previously reported impairment is reversed to the extent of the impairment taken.
As of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company does not classify any traditional golf property as held-for-sale.
Real Estate Securities — The Company invested in securities, including real estate related asset backed securities, which were
classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2022. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with the net
unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. At disposition, the
net realized gain or loss is determined on the basis of the cost of the specific investments and is included in earnings.
Unrealized losses on securities are charged to earnings if there is an intent to sell or if they reflect a decline in value that is
other-than-temporary. Income on these securities is recognized using a level yield methodology based upon a number of cash
flow assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies. During the year ended December 31, 2023, all available
for sale securities classified as available for sale were either sold or reclassified as trading securities.
Impairment of Securities — The Company continually evaluates securities for impairment. Securities are considered to be
other-than-temporarily impaired, for financial reporting purposes, whenever there has been a probable adverse change in the
timing or amounts of expected cash flows. The Company must record a write-down if it has the intent to sell a given security in
an unrealized loss position, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell such a security. Upon determination of
impairment, the Company records a direct write-down for securities based on the estimated fair value of the security or
underlying collateral using a discounted cash flow analysis or based on an observable market value. Actual losses may differ
from the Company’s estimates.
Leasing Arrangements — The Company evaluates at lease inception whether an arrangement is or contains a lease by
providing the Company with the right to control an asset. Operating leases are accounted for on the balance sheet with the
Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities recognized in "Operating lease right-of-use assets," "Other current liabilities"
and "Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease ROU assets, current lease
liabilities and noncurrent lease liabilities are recognized in "Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation," and
"Obligations under finance leases" and "Credit facilities and obligations under finance leases - noncurrent" in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets, respectively.
All lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the associated payments, discounted using the Company’s
incremental borrowing rate determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would pay
to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for a similar term and in a similar economic environment on a collateralized
basis. ROU assets, for both operating and finance leases, are initially measured based on the lease liability, adjusted for initial
direct costs, prepaid rent, and lease incentives received. ROU assets for operating leases are subsequently amortized over the
initial lease term into lease cost on a straight-line basis less imputed interest on the lease liabilities. Depreciation of the
finance lease ROU assets are subsequently calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful
44
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
lives or the expected lease terms and recorded in "Depreciation and amortization" on the Consolidated Statements of
Operations.
In addition to the fixed minimum payments required under the lease arrangements, certain leases require variable lease
payments, which are payment of the excess of various percentages of gross revenue or net operating income over the
minimum rental payments as well as payment of taxes assessed against the leased property. The leases generally also require
the payment for the cost of insurance and maintenance. Variable lease payments are recognized when the associated activity
occurs and the contingency is resolved.
The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all lease contracts.
Intangibles, Net — Intangible assets consist primarily of management contracts, membership base and internally-developed
software. The management contract intangible represents the Company’s golf course management contracts for both leased
and managed properties. The management contract intangible for leased and managed properties was valued using the
discounted cash flow method under the income approach and is amortized over the term of the underlying lease or
management agreements, respectively. The membership base intangible represents the Company’s relationship with its
private country club members. The membership base intangible was valued using the multi-period excess earnings method
under the income approach and is amortized over the expected life of an active membership. Internally-developed software
represents proprietary software developed for the Company’s exclusive use. Internally-developed software is amortized over
the expected useful life of the software.
Amortization of intangible assets is included within depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of
Operations. Amortization of all intangible assets is calculated using the straight-line method based on the following estimated
useful lives:
Trade name
Management contracts
Internally-developed software
Membership base
Liquor licenses
30 years
2 - 26 years
3 - 5 years
7 years
Indefinite
Impairment of Long-lived Assets — The Company periodically reviews the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets or asset
groups, as well as finite-lived intangible assets and right-of-use assets, to determine whether current events or circumstances
indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The assessment of recoverability is based on management’s
estimates by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated by the underlying asset, or other
appropriate grouping of assets, to its carrying value to determine whether an impairment existed at its lowest level of
identifiable cash flows. If the carrying amount is greater than the expected undiscounted cash flows, the assets are considered
impaired and an impairment is recognized to the extent the carrying value of such asset exceeds its fair value. The Company
generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows using
an appropriate discount rate.
Membership Deposit Liabilities — Initiation fees are non-refundable and recorded as revenue over the expected seven year
life of an active membership. Until 2021, private country club members generally paid an advance initiation deposit upon their
acceptance as a member to the respective country club that is refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance as a member.
The difference between the initiation deposit paid by the member and the present value of the refund obligation is deferred
and recognized into golf operations revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the
expected life of an active membership, which is estimated to be seven years. The present value of the refund obligation is
recorded as a membership deposit liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and accretes over a 30-year nonrefundable
term using the effective interest method. This accretion is recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of
Operations.
45
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
In 2002, American Golf Corporation ("AGC"), when it was owned by a previous owner, entered into a Restated Membership
Deposit Assumption Agreement, with two trusts established by a previous owner of AGC (the “Trusts”) under which the Trusts
agreed to unconditionally assume the obligations of AGC to refund certain membership deposit liabilities ("MDLs") in
exchange for shares in AGC. The MDLs assumed were refundable 30 years from the date of acceptance of the member with
the first liabilities assumed by the Trusts becoming refundable in 2020. The total redemption value of membership deposit
liabilities assumed by the Trusts was $181.9 million. No asset was recorded at the time of our acquisition of AGC in recognition
of this assumption agreement for the $181.9 million of liabilities assumed by the Trusts for the following reasons: 1) the
substantial time period between the assumption of the liabilities and the first liabilities becoming refundable; 2) the inability
of AGC to verify and monitor the assets of the Trusts to ensure the ability to perform under the terms of the assumption
agreements; 3) the fact that the Trusts are not required to maintain any assets that would support such performance; 4) the
Trust settlors were not required contractually to fund the Trusts; and 5) the Company does not have the ability to determine
the likelihood that the Trusts will meet their obligations. In the event the Trusts are not able to fulfill their obligations, the
Company would be responsible for refunding the outstanding balance of the MDL and therefore, recognizes these MDLs on its
balance sheet. Though the Trusts initially assumed $181.9 million of MDLs the balance of related MDLs carried on the books of
AGC, as of December 31, 2023, has been reduced to an undiscounted nominal value of $113.8 million through various
assignments to third parties and partial membership refunds due to membership transfers. To-date, the Trust has met all of
their obligations that have come due for which the Trust assumed responsibility under the Restated Membership Deposit
Assumption Agreement. As of December 31, 2023 the Trusts had refunded a total of approximately $0.9 million of MDLs, all of
which they were obligated to pay under the terms of the assumption agreements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash — The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments with
maturities of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Substantially all amounts on deposit with major financial
institutions exceed insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in the accounts and believe that the Company
is not exposed to significant credit risk because the accounts are at major financial institutions. Restricted cash consisted of:
CDO trustee accounts
Restricted cash for construction-in-progress
Restricted cash - traditional golf
Restricted cash - entertainment golf
Restricted cash
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
80 $
1,619
957
764
3,420 $
103
2,313
1,424
749
4,589
Accounts Receivable, Net — Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for credit
losses of $0.3 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The allowance for credit losses is based
upon several factors including the length of time the receivables are past due, historical payment trends, current economic
factors, and our expectations of future events that affect collectability. Collateral is generally not required.
46
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Other Current Assets
The following table summarizes the Company's other current assets:
Managed property receivables
Prepaid expenses
Deposits
Inventory
Miscellaneous current assets, net
Other current assets
December 31,
2023
2022
13,280
8,860
—
3,108
241
25,489 $
10,559
2,421
1,307
2,828
7,757
24,872
$
Managed Property Receivables – Managed property receivables consists of amounts due from traditional golf managed
properties.
Prepaid Expenses – Prepaid expenses consists primarily of prepaid insurance and prepaid rent and are expensed over the
usage period of the goods or services.
Deposits – Deposits consist primarily of property lease security deposits and deposits on hand with credit card processors.
Inventory – Inventory is valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”)
method. Inventories consist primarily of food, beverages and merchandise for sale.
Other Assets
The following table summarizes the Company's other assets:
Prepaid expenses
Deposits
Miscellaneous assets, net
Other assets
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
— $
9,695
1,270
10,965 $
182
3,014
500
3,696
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses — Accounts payable reflect expenses related to goods and services received that
have not yet been paid and accrued expenses reflect expenses related to goods received and services performed for which
invoices have not yet been received.
47
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Deferred Revenue — Payments received in advance of the performance of services are recorded as deferred revenue until the
performance obligation has been satisfied and includes event deposits, gift cards, game credits, prepaid membership dues,
and initiation fees which are non-refundable (unless the related membership is transferred with various restrictions) and
recorded as revenue over the expected seven year life of an active membership. Current deferred revenue is recognized
within 12 months of collection. Long-term deferred revenue relates to unrecognized initiation fees and prepaid marketing
fees received under a private course agreement. The following table provides a reconciliation of the activity related to long-
term deferred revenue for the periods presented:
Balance as of January 1
Initiation fees received
Refunds of initiation fees
Revenue recognized
Reclassifications and other
Course dispositions
Balance as of December 31
Other Current Liabilities
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
2023
11,303 $
5,397
(239)
(3,556)
2,084
—
14,989 $
10,005 $
4,809
(239)
(2,430)
(842)
—
11,303 $
9,953
3,646
(170)
(2,303)
(125)
(996)
10,005
$
$
The following table summarizes the Company's other current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities
Insurance Financing
Accrued rent
Dividends payable
Miscellaneous current liabilities
Other current liabilities
December 31,
2023
2022
11,674 $
2,794
—
—
1,732
16,200 $
18,946
—
3,803
930
5,225
28,904
$
$
Operating Lease Liabilities – Operating lease liabilities relate to ground leases and/or related facilities and office leases. See
Note 6 for additional information.
Accrued Rent - Accrued rent primarily relates to amounts accrued or owed for variable lease costs.
Dividends Payable – Represents dividends declared but not paid.
Preferred Stock — The Company’s accounting policy for its preferred stock is described in Note 11.
Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method which requires the
recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities related to the expected future tax consequences arising from
temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are measured using enacted tax rates applicable to the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. A
valuation allowance is recognized if the Company determines it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax
asset will not be recognized.
The Company recognizes tax benefits for uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable
based on its technical merits. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are included as a component of the provision
for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 13 for additional information.
48
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Amortization of Discount and Premium and Other Amortization — As reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows, these items are comprised of the following:
Accretion of net premium on securities, loans and other investments
Amortization of net discount on debt obligations and deferred financing
costs
Amortization of discount and premium
Accretion of membership deposit liability
3. REVENUES
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023
2021
— $
253
253 $
(765) $
(5)
(770) $
(568)
(8)
(576)
6,443 $
10,463 $
8,198
$
$
$
The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized at the point of sale to customers at the Company’s entertainment golf
venues and traditional golf properties, including green fees, cart rentals, bay play, gameplay, events and sales of food,
beverages and merchandise. Revenue from membership dues is recognized in the month earned. Membership dues received
in advance are included in deferred revenue and recognized as revenue ratably over the appropriate period, which is generally
twelve months or less for private club members and the following month for The Players Club members.
The Company’s revenue is all generated within the entertainment and traditional golf segments. The following table
disaggregates revenue by category: entertainment golf venues, public and private golf properties (owned and leased) and
managed golf properties.
For Year Ended December 31,
Ent. golf
venues
Public golf
properties
Private
golf
properties
2023
Managed
golf
properties
(A)
Total
Ent. golf
venues
Public golf
properties
2022
Private
golf
properties
Managed
golf
properties
(A)
Corporate
Total
$34,174
$120,526
$ 56,395
$ 65,429
$276,524
$27,233
$105,771
$ 48,799
$66,380
$ 797
$248,980
50,973
32,771
9,204
—
92,948
40,070
28,714
7,979
—
—
76,763
Golf
operations
Sales of food
and beverages
Total revenues $85,147
$153,297
$ 65,599
$ 65,429
$369,472
$67,303
$134,485
$ 56,778
$66,380
$ 797
$325,743
For Year Ended December 31,
2021
Private
golf
properties
Managed
golf
properties
(A)
Ent. golf
venues
Public golf
properties
Corporate
Total
Golf operations $20,427
$100,569
$ 49,164
$ 62,337
$
63
$232,560
Sales of food
and beverages
24,623
18,031
6,650
—
—
49,304
Total revenues $45,050
$118,600
$ 55,814
$ 62,337
$
63
$281,864
(A) Includes $59.8 million, $59.7 million, and $54.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, due to
management contract reimbursements reported under revenue accounting standard, ASC 606.
49
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
4. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company currently has three reportable segments: (i) entertainment golf venues, (ii) traditional golf properties, and (iii)
corporate. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for each segment is the Chief Executive Officer and President, who
reviews discrete financial information for each reportable segment to manage the Company, including resource allocation and
performance assessment.
As of December 31, 2023, the entertainment golf segment was comprised of twelve owned or leased entertainment golf
venues across nine states with locations in Orlando, Florida; West Palm Beach, Florida; Raleigh, North Carolina; Richmond,
Virginia; The Colony, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina; Washington, District of Columbia; Houston, Texas; Chicago, Illinois;
Kansas City, Missouri; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The Company's traditional golf business is one of the largest operators of golf courses and country clubs in the United States.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned, leased or managed fifty-five (55) properties across seven states.
The corporate segment consists primarily of securities and other investments and executive management.
Summary financial data on the Company’s segments is given below, together with reconciliation to the same data for the
Company as a whole:
Entertainment Golf
Traditional Golf
Corporate
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Revenues
Golf operations
Sales of food and beverages
Total revenues
Operating costs
Operating expenses
Cost of sales - food and beverages
General and administrative expense (A)
Depreciation and amortization
Pre-opening costs (B)
Impairment and other losses
Total operating costs
Operating loss
Other income (expenses)
Interest and investment income
Interest expense (C)
Other (loss) income, net
Total other income (expenses)
Income tax income
Net (loss) income
Less: net loss attributable to NCI
Net (loss) income attributable to the company
Preferred dividends
Net (loss) income applicable to common
stockholders
$
34,174 $
50,973
85,147
54,952
10,868
—
18,154
6,477
33,552
124,003
(38,856)
—
(133)
(14)
(147)
—
(39,003)
(48)
(38,955)
—
242,350 $
41,975
284,325
234,197
11,265
11,858
10,148
—
541
268,009
16,316
6
(6,992)
5,007
(1,979)
—
14,337
—
14,337
—
— $
—
—
—
—
11,542
1,723
51
—
13,316
(13,316)
373
(6,042)
1,234
(4,435)
(391)
(17,360)
—
(17,360)
(6,072)
$
(38,955) $
14,337 $
(23,432) $
276,524
92,948
369,472
289,149
22,133
23,400
30,025
6,528
34,093
405,328
(35,856)
379
(13,167)
6,227
(6,561)
(391)
(42,026)
(48)
(41,978)
(6,072)
(48,050)
50
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Entertainment Golf
Traditional Golf
Corporate
Eliminations
Total
December 31, 2023
Total assets
Total liabilities
Preferred stock
Noncontrolling interest
Equity (loss) attributable to common
stockholders
Additions to property and equipment
(including finance leases) during the
year ended December 31, 2023
$
$
$
$
$
$
211,239 $
88,735 $
— $
5,806 $
116,698 $
212,680 $
311,382 $
— $
— $
11,954 $
88,750 $
61,583 $
— $
(30,219) $
(30,219) $
— $
— $
435,873
488,867
61,583
5,806
(98,702) $
(138,379) $
— $
(120,383)
39,998 $
8,407 $
3,073 $
— $
51,478
51
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Summary segment financial data (continued).
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Revenues
Golf operations
Sales of food and beverages
Total revenues
Operating costs
Operating expenses
Cost of sales - food and beverages
General and administrative expense (A)
Depreciation and amortization
Pre-opening costs (B)
Impairment and other losses (gains)
Total operating costs
Operating loss
Other income (expenses)
Interest and investment income
Interest expense (C)
Other (loss) income, net
Total other (expenses) income
Income tax expense
Net loss
Less: net loss attributable to NCI
Net loss attributable to the company
Preferred dividends
Net loss applicable to common stockholders
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Entertainment Golf
Traditional Golf
Corporate
Total
27,233 $
40,070 $
67,303 $
40,502 $
8,882 $
6,090 $
14,679 $
6,436 $
15,813 $
92,402 $
(25,099) $
9 $
(195) $
(687) $
(873) $
61 $
(26,033) $
— $
(26,033) $
— $
(26,033) $
220,950 $
36,693
257,643 $
221,555 $
10,493 $
15,027 $
10,547 $
— $
1,363 $
258,985 $
(1,342) $
67 $
(11,167) $
4,886 $
(6,214) $
2 $
(7,558) $
— $
(7,558) $
— $
(7,558) $
797 $
$
797 $
(268) $
— $
17,727 $
457 $
— $
— $
17,916 $
(17,119) $
2,040 $
(2,304) $
900 $
636 $
1,972 $
(18,455) $
(145) $
(18,310) $
(5,580) $
(23,890) $
248,980
76,763
325,743
261,789
19,375
38,844
25,683
6,436
17,176
369,303
(43,560)
2,116
(13,666)
5,099
(6,451)
2,035
(52,046)
(145)
(51,901)
(5,580)
(57,481)
Entertainment Golf
Traditional Golf
Corporate
Total
December 31, 2022
Total assets
Total liabilities
Preferred stock
Noncontrolling interest
Equity (loss) attributable to common stockholders
Additions to property and equipment (including
finance leases) during the year ended December 31,
2022
$
$
$
$
$
$
222,138 $
91,310 $
— $
5,893 $
124,935 $
224,579 $
307,941 $
— $
— $
(83,362) $
11,264 $
85,687 $
61,583 $
(823) $
(135,183) $
457,981
484,938
61,583
5,070
(93,610)
46,772 $
8,406 $
1,312 $
56,490
52
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Summary segment financial data (continued).
Entertainment Golf
Traditional Golf
Corporate
Total
$
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Revenues
Golf operations
Sales of food and beverages
Total revenues
Operating costs
Operating expenses
Cost of sales - food and beverages
General and administrative expense (A)
Depreciation and amortization
Pre-opening costs (B)
Impairment and other losses
Total operating costs
Operating (loss) income
Other income (expenses)
Interest and investment income
Interest expense (C)
Other income, net
Total other (expenses) income
Income tax expense
Net (loss) income
Less: net loss attributable to NCI
Net loss attributable to the company
Preferred dividends
Income (Loss) applicable to common stockholders $
19,981 $
25,069
45,050
25,427
5,727
12,287
11,938
4,551
36
59,966
(14,916)
—
(319)
9
(310)
1
(15,227)
(393)
(14,834)
—
(14,834) $
212,070 $
24,681
236,751
196,819
7,087
10,414
11,656
—
1,812
227,788
8,963
71
(9,095)
468
(8,556)
407
—
—
—
407 $
63 $
—
63
14
—
11,108
424
1
3,187
14,734
(14,671) 0
613
(1,284)
178
(493)
1,778
(16,942)
—
—
(5,580)
(22,522) $
232,114
49,750
281,864
222,260
12,814
33,809
24,018
4,552
5,035
302,488
(20,624)
684
(10,698)
655
(9,359)
1,779
(31,762)
(393)
(31,369)
(5,580)
(36,949)
(A) General and administrative expenses include severance expense in the amount of $0.2 million, $0.9 million, and $0.3 million for the
years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(B) Pre-opening costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of site-related marketing expenses, lease expense, employee payroll,
travel and related expenses, training costs, food, beverage and other operating expenses incurred prior to opening an entertainment
golf venue.
(C) Interest expense includes the accretion of membership deposit liabilities in the amount of $6.4 million, $10.5 million, and $8.2 million
for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest expense and capitalized interest total to interest
expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
53
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET OF ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
The following table summarizes the Company's property and equipment:
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Depreciation
Net Carrying
Value
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Depreciation
Net Carrying
Value
6,770 $
$
176,087
— $
(54,152)
6,770 $
6,770 $
121,935 180,802
— $
(54,999)
6,770
125,803
65,709
24,597
32,242
$ 305,405 $
(38,769)
(14,804)
—
(107,725) $
67,097
26,940
24,911
9,793
25,648
32,242
197,680 $ 305,228 $
(37,796)
(13,991)
—
(106,786) $
29,301
10,920
25,648
198,442
Land
Buildings and improvements
Furniture, fixtures and
equipment
Finance leases - equipment
Construction in progress
Total Property and Equipment
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis using the estimated useful lives detailed in Note 2. Depreciation expense,
which included amortization of assets recorded under finance leases, was $28.1 million, $22.2 million and $24.4 million for the
years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
54
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
6. LEASES
The Company's commitments under lease arrangements are primarily ground leases for entertainment golf venues and
traditional golf properties and related facilities, office leases and leases for golf carts and equipment. The majority of lease
terms for our entertainment golf venues and traditional golf properties and related facilities initially range from 10 to 20 years
and include up to eight 5-year renewal options. In addition to minimum payments, certain leases require payment of the
excess of various percentages of gross revenue or net operating income over the minimum rental payments. The leases
generally require the payment of taxes assessed against the leased property and the cost of insurance and maintenance.
Certain leases include scheduled increases or decreases in minimum rental payments at various times during the term of the
lease.
Equipment and golf cart leases initially range between 24 to 66 months and typically contain renewal options which may be on
a month-to-month basis.
An option to renew a lease is included in the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain
that the renewal option will be exercised.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company commenced one new operating lease for a Puttery location in
Miami, Florida. At commencement, the present value of future payments under the lease totaled $6.5 million based on a
discount rate of 9.45%. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is committed to a concession agreement in Manhattan
(Randall’s Island), New York for a Drive Shack entertainment golf venue.
55
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Lease related costs recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022
and 2021 are as follows:
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Interest on lease liabilities
Total finance lease cost
Operating lease cost
Operating lease cost
Short-term lease cost
Variable lease cost
Total operating lease cost
Total lease cost
Year Ended
December 31,
2023
Year Ended
December 31,
2022
Year Ended
December 31,
2021
$
$
4,104 $
560
4,664
4,633 $
895
5,528
36,713
1,450
22,584
60,747
65,411 $
36,087
—
23,400
59,487
65,015 $
5,512
1,158
6,670
30,195
255
22,394
52,844
59,514
Other information related to leases included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows as of and for the
year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
Right-of-use assets
Lease liabilities
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows
Financing cash flows
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Weighted average remaining lease term
Weighted average discount rate
Operating Leases
162,241
$
$
Financing Leases
9,793
188,142
20,299
—
3,725
7.55
8.94 %
9,181
560
5,540
4,311
2.9
6.12 %
Other information related to leases included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows as of and for the
year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
Right-of-use assets
Lease liabilities
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows
Financing cash flows
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Weighted average remaining lease term
Weighted average discount rate
Operating Leases
189,993
$
$
Financing Leases
10,919
193,813
10,410
31,856
—
33,415
11.3
8.17 %
895
5,647
2,002
2.8
6.04 %
56
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total minimum lease payments
Less: Imputed interest
Less: Tenant improvement allowance
Total lease liabilities
Operating Leases
Financing Leases
$
$
31,224 $
29,211
26,899
25,985
26,286
164,189
303,794
110,363
5,289
188,142 $
3,862
2,839
1,908
1,032
470
50
10,161
980
—
9,181
7. INTANGIBLES, NET OF ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION
The following table summarizes the Company's intangible assets:
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Trade name
Management contracts
Internally-developed software
Membership base
Indefinite lived liquor licenses
Total intangibles
Gross
Carrying
Amount
$
700 $
21,887
3,612
785
1,264
$ 28,248 $
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Value
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Value
(233) $
(13,778)
(1,557)
(180)
—
(15,748) $
700 $
467 $
28,488
8,109
2,977
2,055
4,012
605
1,264
1,569
12,500 $ 37,746 $
(210) $
(19,043)
(1,024)
(3,361)
—
490
9,445
1,953
651
1,569
(23,638) $ 14,108
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.9 million, $1.9 million and $1.8 million,
respectively.
The unamortized balance of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 is expected to be amortized as follows:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total amortizable intangible assets
Nonamortizable liquor and other licenses
Total intangible assets
$
$
1,767
1,678
1,428
910
793
4,660
11,236
1,264
12,500
57
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
8. DEBT OBLIGATIONS
The following table presents certain information regarding the Company's debt obligations excluding finance leases.
See Note 6 for the future minimum lease payments required under the finance leases and the present value of the net
minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023.
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Month
Issued
Outstanding
Face
Amount
Carrying
Value
Final Stated
Maturity
Weighted
Average
Coupon
Weighted
Average
Funding
Cost (A)
Weighted
Average
Life
(Years)
Face
Amount of
Floating
Rate Debt
Outstanding
Face
Amount
Carrying
Value
Dec 1993
200
200 Dec 2043
2.25%
Mar 2006
Mar 2023
51,004 51,150 Apr 2035 LIBOR+2.25%
26,500 24,811 May 2027 3-month SOFR
+ 8.5%
6.66 %
7.876 %
14.02 %
20
200
200
200
11.33
51,004
51,004
51,169
4
26,500
—
—
77,704 76,161
(1,325)
(1,325)
76,379 74,836
77,704
51,204
51,369
—
—
51,204
51,369
Debt
Obligation/Collateral
Credit Facilities and
Finance Leases
Vineyard II
Junior subordinated
notes payable (B)
Entertainment Golf
Facility
Total debt obligations
Less current portion of
debt
Debt obligations -
noncurrent
(A) Including the effect of deferred financing cost.
(B) Collateral for this obligation is the Company's general credit.
Vineyard II
Traditional golf is obligated under a $0.2 million loan with the City of Escondido, California (“Vineyard II”). The principal
amount of the loan is payable in five equal installments upon reaching the "Achievement Date”, which is the date on which the
number of rounds of golf played on the property during the previous 36-month period equals or exceeds 240,000. As of
December 31, 2023, the Achievement Date has not been reached. The interest rate is adjusted annually and is equal to 1%
plus a short-term investment return, as defined in the loan agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the interest rate is 2.25%.
Junior subordinated notes payable
On April 30, 2009, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with several collateralized
debt obligations managed by Taberna Capital Management, LLC (together “Taberna”), pursuant to which the Company agreed
to exchange newly issued junior subordinated notes (the "Notes") due 2035 in an initial aggregate principal amount of $101.7
million for $100 million in aggregate liquidation amount of trust preferred securities that were previously issued by a
subsidiary of the Company (the “TRUPs”) and were owned by Taberna. In conjunction with the exchange, the TRUPs were
cancelled.
The Notes were issued pursuant to the Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated April 30, 2009, between the Company and The
Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, National Association (“BNYM”), as trustee (the “Indenture”). After an initial period
expiring in April 2016, the Notes bear interest at a variable rate equal to the LIBOR plus 2.25% annually and all principal
repayment is due at maturity.
On January 10, 2010, the Company entered into an exchange agreement pursuant to which the Company exchanged $52.1
million face amount of the Notes (i) $9.7 million in cash and (ii) the reissuance of $37.6 million face amount of CDO bonds
payable which had previously been repurchased by the Company.
58
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Entertainment Golf Facility
On March 2023, Drive Shack Inc. announced that its entertainment golf business ("New Drive Shack Holdings or "NDSH") had
obtained financing in the amount of $26.5 million to fund the continued expansion of the Puttery business, in the form of a
five-year senior secured delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $26.5 million (the “Entertainment
Golf Facility”) to meet our near term liquidity requirements to fund our planned growth, including new venue development
and construction, product innovation, and general corporate needs.
On March 3, 2023, the Company borrowed term loans in the aggregate principal amount of $16 million under the
Entertainment Golf Facility. The remaining amount of the Entertainment Golf Facility was drawn on November 28, 2023. The
obligations of the Borrowers under the Entertainment Golf Facility are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by, and secured by all
of the assets of, the borrower, subject to customary exceptions. The Loan Parties constitute the Company’s entertainment golf
business. The proceeds of the Entertainment Golf Facility will be used to finance the development and construction of the
Company’s previously announced new Puttery venues and working capital and other general corporate purposes of the
Company’s entertainment golf business.
Borrowings under the Entertainment Golf Facility bear interest at a per annum rate equal to 3-month SOFR plus 8.50%, subject
to a credit spread adjustment of 100 bps and, if applicable, a 2% SOFR floor. Interest is paid monthly. The Facility will amortize
on a quarterly basis at rate of 5% per year beginning in 2024. Loans under the Entertainment Golf Facility are required to be
prepaid from time to time with the proceeds of certain non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation events
and the proceeds of indebtedness and equity not permitted under the Entertainment Golf Facility. As of December 31, 2023,
the interest rate is 13.89%.
Maturity Table
The Company’s debt obligations have contractual maturities as follows:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total
9. REAL ESTATE SECURITIES
Total
1,325
1,325
1,325
1,325
21,200
51,204
77,704
$
$
As of December 31, 2021, the Company held certain ABS – Non-Agency RMBS securities (the ABS - Non-Agency RMBS is a
floating rate security and the collateral securing it is located in various geographic regions in the U.S. The Company does not
have significant investments in any one geographic region) with an outstanding face amount of $4.0 million and a fair value of
$3.5 million that were classified as available for sale. The Company redeemed $2.4 million of face value of the real estate
securities for $2.4M during the year ended December 31, 2022 and recognized a realized gain of $1.2 million on the
redemption, which is recognized in Interest and investment income. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company
reclassified the security to trading and redeemed $1.6 million of real estate securities and recognized a total gain of $0.4
million on the security, which is recognized in Interest and investment income. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining ABS –
Non-Agency RMBS securities have a face amount and fair value of $0.4 million, all of which was redeemed subsequent to year
end in January 2024 with no additional gain or loss recognized. See Note 10 regarding the estimation of fair value, which is
equal to carrying value for all securities.
59
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
10. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table summarizes the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at
December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Assets
Real estate securities, trading
Real estate securities, available-for-sale
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash - current and noncurrent
Liabilities
Entertainment Golf Facility
Junior subordinated notes payable
$
$
$
$
$
$
December 31, 2023
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Fair Value Method (A)
December 31, 2022
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
392 $
— $
12,407 $
3,420 $
392 Pricing models - Level 3
— Pricing models - Level 3
$
$
12,407
3,420
— $
1,631 $
12,345
4,278
—
1,631
12,345
4,278
24,811 $
51,150 $
26,500 Pricing models - Level 3
33,616 Pricing models - Level 3
$
$
— $
51,169 $
—
12,479
(A) Pricing models are used for (i) real estate securities that are not traded in an active market, and, therefore, have little or no price
transparency, and for which significant unobservable inputs must be used in estimating fair value, or (ii) debt obligations which are
private and untraded.
Fair Value Measurements
Valuation Hierarchy
The fair value of financial instruments is categorized based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique and
categorized into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The Company
follows this hierarchy for its financial instruments measured at fair value.
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
Level 2 - Valuations based principally on observable market parameters, including:
• quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets,
•
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates and yield curves
observable at commonly quoted intervals, implied volatilities and credit spreads), and
• market corroborated inputs (derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data).
Level 3 - Valuations determined using unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, and that are
significant to the overall fair value measurement.
The Company’s real estate securities and debt obligations are currently not traded in active markets and therefore have little
or no price transparency. As a result, the Company has estimated the fair value of these illiquid instruments based on internal
pricing models subject to the Company's controls described below.
With respect to fair value estimates generated based on the Company’s internal pricing models, the Company’s management
validates the inputs and outputs of the internal pricing models by comparing them to available independent third-party
market parameters and models, where available, for reasonableness. The Company believes its valuation methods and the
assumptions used are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants.
Fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 are sensitive to changes in the assumptions or methodologies used to
determine fair value and such changes could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value. For the Company’s
investments in real estate securities categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the significant unobservable inputs
include the discount rates, assumptions relating to prepayments, default rates and loss severities.
60
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
All of the inputs used have some degree of market observability, based on the Company’s knowledge of the market,
relationships with market participants, and use of common market data sources. Collateral prepayment, default and loss
severity projections are in the form of “curves” or “vectors” that vary for each monthly collateral cash flow projection.
Methods used to develop these projections vary by asset class but conform to industry conventions. The Company uses
assumptions that generate its best estimate of future cash flows of each respective security.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reclassified the real estate securities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis using Level 3 inputs to trading and redeemed $1.6 million of real estate securities and recognized a total gain of
$0.4 million on the security, which is recognized in Interest and investment income. During the year ended December 31,
2022 , the Company recognized a realized gain of $1.2 million in investment income and redeemed $2.4 million of real estate
securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the year ended December 31, 2022. During
the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company redeemed $2.4 million of real estate securities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
At December 31, 2023, property and equipment and operating lease right of use assets with a carrying amount totaling $43.9
million were written down to their fair value of $12.1 million based on Level 3 measurements, resulting in an impairment
charge of $31.8 million which is included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 (see Note 12).
Liabilities for Which Fair Value is Only Disclosed
The following table summarizes the level of the fair value hierarchy, valuation techniques and inputs used for estimating each
class of liabilities not measured at fair value in the statement of financial position but for which fair value is disclosed:
Type of Liabilities
Not Measured At Fair Value
for Which Fair Value Is Disclosed
Entertainment Golf Facility; Junior
subordinated notes payable
Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level 3
Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs
Valuation technique is based on discounted cash flows.
Significant inputs include:
Amount and timing of expected future cash flows
Interest rates
•
•
• Market yields and the credit spread of the Company
61
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
11. EQUITY AND EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per Share
The Company is required to present both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”). Basic earnings per share of common
stock is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of
shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income
attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding adjusted to
give effect to potentially dilutive securities.
The following table shows the amounts used in computing basic and diluted EPS:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Loss Applicable to Common Stockholders
$
(48,050) $
(57,481) $
(36,949)
For Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023
2021
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average shares
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted
average shares
114,618,112
92,351,215
89,733,378
114,618,112
92,351,215
89,733,378
Basic earnings per share:
Loss Applicable to Common Stock, per share
Diluted earnings per share:
Loss Applicable to Common Stock, per share
$
(0.42) $
(0.62) $
(0.41)
$
(0.42) $
(0.62) $
(0.41)
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of
shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) applicable to
common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the additional dilutive
effect of dilutive securities during each period. The Company’s dilutive securities are its options and RSUs. During 2023, 2022,
and 2021, based on the treasury stock method, the Company had 132,836, 82,086 and 550,753 potentially dilutive securities,
respectively, which were excluded due to the Company's loss position. Net loss applicable to common stockholders is equal to
net loss less preferred dividends.
Common Stock Issuances
In 2021, the Company issued a total of 13,429 of its common stock to its independent directors upon vesting of RSUs that
were granted in 2019.
In 2021, the Company issued a total of 61,520 shares of its common stock to employees upon vesting of RSUs that were
granted in 2019.
In 2021, the Company issued 736,551 shares of its common stock to a former executive upon the exercise of vested options
that were granted in 2018.
In 2021, the Company completed the public offering of 23,285,553 shares of common stock and the sale of 672,780 shares of
common stock to the Chairman of our board of directors.
62
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
In 2023, the Company issued 291,594 shares of its common stock related to previously granted options and RSUs.
In 2023, the Company commenced a rights offering to qualified institutions that held common stock as of July 28, 2023. The
rights entitled qualified institutions to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 67.5 million shares of common stock at a price equal
to $0.20 per whole share. The rights offering closed on September 11, 2023 and total gross proceeds from the participation
were $13.5 million from the sale of 66,998,529 shares. Net proceeds from this rights offering totaled $13.2 million.
In 2023, the Company issued a total of 149,660 of its common stock to its independent directors upon vesting of RSUs that
were granted in 2021.
Incentive and Option Plans
The Drive Shack Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") was effective upon approval by our shareholders in May
2018 and provides for the issuance of equity-based awards in various forms to eligible participants. As of December 31, 2023,
the 2018 Plan has 5,395,701 shares available for grant in the aggregate, subject to an annual limitation.
All outstanding options granted under prior option plans will continue to be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in
the agreements evidencing such options and the terms of respective option plan.
As detailed in the 2018 Plan, the board of directors may permit a first time non-employee director to make a one-time
election to participate in a stock purchase and matching grant program (the "Director Stock Program") which provides that if
the non-employee director purchases shares of the Company's common stock at fair value within 30 days following the date
the individual becomes a non-employee director, then the Company will issue a matching grant of fully vested shares of
common stock equal to 20% of the aggregate fair value of the purchased shares. There were no non-employee director
purchases in 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Stock Options
The following is a summary of the changes in the Company's outstanding options for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Number of Options
Weighted Average Strike
Price
Weighted Average Life
Remaining (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Expired
Balance at December 31, 2023
Outstanding and exercisable at
December 31, 2023
2,994,430 $
(2,228,681)
765,749 $
582,049 $
3.31
3.07
3.95
3.93
The Company's outstanding options are summarized as follows:
Held by the former Manager
Granted to the former Manager and subsequently
transferred to certain Manager’s employees (A)
Total
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
582,049
183,700
765,749
1.78 years
2.14 years
2,578,926
415,504
2,994,430
(A) The Company and Fortress (the former Manager) agreed that options held by certain employees formerly employed by the former
Manager will not terminate or be forfeited as a result of the Termination and Cooperation Agreement, and the vesting of such options
will relate to the relevant holder’s employment with the Company and its affiliates following January 1, 2018. In both February 2017
and April 2018, the former Manager issued 1,152,495 options to certain employees formerly employed by the former Manager as part
63
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
of their compensation. The options fully vest and are exercisable one year prior to the option expiration date, beginning March 2020
through January 2024.
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis from grant date through the vesting date of the
options. Stock-based compensation expense related to the employee options was $0.0 million, $0.3 million, and $1.4 million,
(gross of the reversals of stock compensation expenses described below), during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022,
and 2021 respectively, and was recorded in general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of
Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company reversed $0.6 million in stock compensation expense
related to certain previously issued options. There are no unvested stock options or no unrecognized stock-based
compensation expense related to the unvested options at December 31, 2023.
The closing price on the OTC for the Company’s common stock as of December 31, 2023 was $0.19 per share.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
The following is a summary of the changes in the Company's RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2023:
Number of RSUs
Weighted Average Grant Date
Fair Value (per unit)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Vested
Forfeited (A)
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2023
161,538 $
(149,660) $
— $
11,878 $
1.71
1.47
—
4.77
(A) Unvested RSUs are forfeited by non-employee directors upon their departure from the board of directors and forfeited by
employees upon their termination.
The Company grants RSUs to the non-employee directors as part of their annual compensation. The RSUs are subject to a two
year vesting period. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not grant RSUs to non-employee directors
and 149,660 non-employee director RSUs vested and were released. From time to time, the Company also grants RSUs to the
employees. These RSUs vest in equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. During the
year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not grant RSUs to employees and no such RSUs were vested.
Stock-based compensation expense related to the RSUs was $0.1 million, $0.2 million, and $0.7 million (gross of the reversals
of stock compensation expenses described below) during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively,
and was recorded in general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the year
ended December 31, 2022, the Company reversed $0.3 million in stock compensation expense related to certain previously
issued RSUs. There is no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of December 31, 2023.
Preferred Stock
In March 2003, the Company issued 2.5 million shares ($62.5 million face amount) of its 9.75% Series B Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred”). In October 2005, the Company issued 1.6 million shares ($40.0 million
face amount) of its 8.05% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred”). In March 2007, the
Company issued 2.0 million shares ($50.0 million face amount) of its 8.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
(the “Series D Preferred”). The Series B Preferred, Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred are non-voting, have a $25 per
share liquidation preference, no maturity date and no mandatory redemption. The Company has the option to redeem the
Series B Preferred, the Series C Preferred and the Series D Preferred, at their liquidation preference.
The terms of the Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred each provide that if they cease to be listed on the NYSE or the
AMEX, or quoted on the NASDAQ, and the Company is not subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the
shares of the Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred shall accrue cumulative distributions at the special rate of 9.05% and
9.375% per year, respectively. The special rate has been in effect since January 2, 2023, which is the effective date the
64
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Company’s filing on Form 15, effecting deregistration under the Exchange Act and termination of the reporting requirements
of the Exchange Act, and delisting from NYSE.
In connection with the issuance of the Series B Preferred, Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred, the Company incurred
approximately $2.4 million, $1.5 million, and $1.8 million of costs, respectively, which were netted against the proceeds of
such offerings. If any series of preferred stock were redeemed, the related costs would be recorded as an adjustment to
income available for common stockholders at that time.
In March 2010, the Company settled its offer to exchange (the “Exchange Offer”) shares of its common stock and cash for
shares of its preferred stock. After settlement of the Exchange Offer, 1,347,321 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, 496,000
shares of Series C Preferred Stock and 620,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding for trading on the New
York Stock Exchange.
On March 11, 2021 the board of directors declared dividends on the Company’s preferred stock for the period beginning
February 1, 2021 and ending April 30, 2021, payable on April 30, 2021 to holders of record of preferred stock on April 1, 2021,
in an amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375%
Series D preferred stock, respectively. Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on April 29, 2021.
On May 5, 2021 the board of directors declared dividends on the Company’s preferred stock for the period beginning May 1,
2021 and ending July 31, 2021, payable on July 30, 2021 to holders of record of preferred stock on July 1, 2021, in an amount
equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375% Series D
preferred stock, respectively. Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on July 30, 2021.
On August 5, 2021 the board of directors declared dividends on the Company’s preferred stock for the period beginning
August 1, 2021 and ending October 31, 2021, payable on November 1, 2021 to holders of record of preferred stock on October
1, 2021, in an amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and
8.375% Series D preferred stock, respectively. Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on October 29, 2021.
On November 5, 2021, the board of directors of the Company declared dividends on the Company's preferred stock for the
period beginning November 1, 2021, and ending January 31, 2022. The dividends are payable on January 31, 2022, to holders
of record of preferred stock on January 1, 2022, in an amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the
9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375% Series D preferred stock, respectively.
Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on January 31, 2022 to holders of record of preferred stock on January 1, 2022, in an
amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375% Series D
preferred stock, respectively.
Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on May 2, 2022 to holders of record of preferred stock on April 1, 2022, in an
amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375% Series D
preferred stock, respectively.
Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on August 1, 2022 to holders of record of preferred stock on July 1, 2022, in an
amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375% Series D
preferred stock, respectively.
Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on October 31, 2022 to holders of record of preferred stock on October 3, 2022, in
an amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375%
Series D preferred stock, respectively.
Dividends totaling $1.4 million were paid on January 31, 2023 to holders of record of preferred stock on January 2, 2023, in an
amount equal to $0.609375, $0.503125 and $0.523438 per share on the 9.750% Series B, 8.050% Series C and 8.375% Series D
preferred stock, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company has $11.2 million of unpaid undeclared dividends on our preferred stock arising in
2020 and 2023. Our board of directors has elected not to declare a dividend on preferred stock since January 31, 2023. As a
result, we cannot pay any dividends on our common stock or pay any consideration to repurchase or otherwise acquire shares
65
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
of our common stock unless full cumulative preferred dividends have been authorized and paid in accordance with the
governing agreements.
Non-Controlling Interests
On July 12, 2021, the Company entered into an investment agreement among the Company and Symphony Ventures, which
we refer to as Symphony, a company organized under the laws of Ireland, in which the Company agreed to sell to Symphony
10% of the partnership interests in each of the wholly owned subsidiary limited partnerships, which we refer to as “SLPs”,
formed by the Company to hold certain of the Company’s Puttery venues, in exchange for an amount in cash equal to 10% of
the total cost to build the Puttery venue owned by such SLP. Symphony’s purchase price in each such SLP will be fully
committed on the date the certificate of occupancy for the Puttery venue is received, up to a total commitment of $10 million.
In 2023, in accordance with options in the original investment agreements, Symphony increased their ownership in two SLPs,
those for the Puttery location in The Colony, Texas, and Charlotte, North Carolina, to 20% in exchange for cash equal to an
additional 10% of the total cost to build each location.
We control through a wholly owned subsidiary all general partnership interests and 80% or 90% of the limited partnership
interests in the SLP, thus retaining all rights, powers and authority that govern the partnership and, as a result, we consolidate
the financial results of this SLP, and report the noncontrolling interest representing the economic interest in the SLP held by
Symphony. Currently the Company and Symphony are party to six SLPs, for the Puttery locations in The Colony, Texas,
Charlotte, North Carolina, Washington, D.C., Houston, Texas, Chicago, Illinois, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Tax Benefits Preservation Plan
The Company is party to the Tax Benefits Preservation Plan dated May 22, 2022, as amended on June 4, 2023, and as
amended and restated in its entirety on May 3, 2024 (the “Plan”), with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as
rights agent (the “Rights Agent”). The Plan is intended to help protect the Company’s ability to use its tax net operating losses
and certain other tax assets (“Tax Benefits”) by deterring an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations thereunder (the “Code”).
Pursuant to the Plan, each registered holder of outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common
Stock”), received rights to purchase from the Company a unit consisting of one one-thousandth of a share (a “Unit”) of Series
E Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series E Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $9.00
per Unit, subject to adjustment (the “Purchase Price”).
The Rights are attached to all Common Stock certificates representing shares outstanding, and no separate rights certificates
(“Rights Certificates”) were distributed. Subject to certain exceptions specified in the Plan, the Rights will separate from the
Common Stock then outstanding and a distribution date (the “Distribution Date”) will occur upon the earlier of (i) 10 business
days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an “Acquiring Person”) has
become the beneficial owner of 4.9% or more of the shares of the Common Stock (the “Stock Acquisition Date”) and (ii) 10
business days (or such later date as the Board shall determine) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange
offer that would result in a person or group becoming an Acquiring Person.
Until the Distribution Date, (i) the Rights will be evidenced by the Common Stock certificates (or, in the case of book entry
shares, by the notations in the book entry accounts) and will be transferred with and only with such Common Stock, (ii) new
Common Stock certificates issued after the Record Date will contain a notation incorporating the Plan by reference and (iii) the
surrender for transfer of any certificates for Common Stock outstanding will also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates. Pursuant to the Plan, the Company reserves the right to
require prior to the occurrence of a Triggering Event (as defined below) that, upon any exercise of Rights, a number of Rights
be exercised so that only whole shares of Series E Preferred Stock will be issued.
The definition of “Acquiring Person” contained in the Plan contains several exemptions, including for (i) the Company or any of
the Company’s subsidiaries; (ii) any employee benefit plan of the Company, or of any subsidiary of the Company, or any person
or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan; (iii) any person
who becomes the beneficial owner of 4.9% or more of the shares of the Common Stock then outstanding as a result of a
reduction in the number of shares of Common Stock by the Company or a stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or
66
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
similar transaction, unless and until such person increases his ownership by more than one percentage point over such
person’s lowest percentage stock ownership on or after the consummation of the relevant transaction; (iv) any person who,
together with all affiliates and associates of such person, was the beneficial owner of 4.9% or more of the shares of the
Common Stock then outstanding on the date of the Plan, unless and until such person and its affiliates and associates increase
their aggregate ownership by more than one percentage point over their lowest percentage stock ownership on or after the
date of the Plan or decrease their aggregate percentage stock ownership below 4.9%; (v) any person who, within 10 business
days of being requested by the Company to do so, certifies to the Company that such person became an Acquiring Person
inadvertently or without knowledge of the terms of the Rights and who, together with all affiliates and associates, thereafter
within 10 business days following such certification disposes of such number of shares of Common Stock so that it, together
with all affiliates and associates, ceases to be an Acquiring Person; (vi) Wesley R. Edens and any of his associates (“Mr. Edens”);
provided that the foregoing exemption (x) shall apply only to the extent that the Company does not undergo an “ownership
change” (as that term is defined in Section 382 of the Code) as a result of beneficial ownership of Company securities by Mr.
Edens and (y) may be revoked at any time by the disinterested members of the Board as to future acquisitions; and (vii) any
person that the Board has affirmatively determined shall not be deemed an Acquiring Person.
The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will expire at the earliest of (i) 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on
May 2, 2033, or such later date and time as may be determined by the Board and approved by the stockholders of the
Company by a vote of the majority of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote thereon at a meeting of the
stockholders of the Company prior to 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on May 2, 2033 (which later date and time shall be in no
event later than 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on May 15, 2035), (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed or
exchanged as provided in the Plan, (iii) the time at which the Board determines that the Plan is no longer necessary or
desirable for the preservation of Tax Benefits, and (iv) the close of business on the first day of a taxable year of the Company
to which the Board determines that no Tax Benefits may be carried forward.
As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, Rights Certificates will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Stock
as of the close of business on the Distribution Date and, thereafter, the separate Rights Certificates alone will represent the
Rights. After the Distribution Date, the Company generally would issue Rights with respect to shares of Common Stock issued
upon the exercise of stock options or pursuant to awards under any employee plan or arrangement, which stock options or
awards are outstanding as of the Distribution Date, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of securities issued by the
Company after the Plan’s adoption (except as may otherwise be provided in the instruments governing such securities). In the
case of other issuances of shares of Common Stock after the Distribution Date, the Company generally may, if deemed
necessary or appropriate by the Board, issue Rights with respect to such shares of Common Stock.
Each one one-thousandth of a share of Series E Preferred Stock, if issued:
• will not be redeemable;
• will entitle the holder thereof to quarterly dividend payments of $0.001 or an amount equal to the dividend paid on
one share of Common Stock, whichever is greater;
• will, upon any liquidation of the Company, entitle the holder thereof to receive either $1.00 plus accrued and unpaid
dividends and distributions to the date of payment or an amount equal to the payment made on one share of
Common Stock, whichever is greater;
• will have the same voting power as one share of Common Stock; and
• will, if shares of Common Stock are exchanged via merger, consolidation or a similar transaction, entitle holders to a
per share payment equal to the payment made on one share of Common Stock.
In the event that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person (unless the event causing
such person or group to become an Acquiring Person is a transaction described under Flip-over Trigger, below), each holder of
a Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, Common Stock (or, in certain circumstances, cash, property or
other securities of the Company) having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, following the occurrence of such an event, all Rights that are, or (under certain circumstances specified in the Plan)
were, beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person will be null and void. However, Rights are not exercisable following the
occurrence of such an event until such time as the Rights are no longer redeemable by the Company as set forth below.
In the event that, at any time following the Stock Acquisition Date, (i) the Company engages in a merger or other business
combination transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation or (ii) the Company engages in a merger or
67
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
other business combination transaction in which the Company is the surviving corporation and the Common Stock is changed
or exchanged, each holder of a Right (except Rights that have previously been voided as set forth above) shall thereafter have
the right to receive, upon exercise, common stock of the acquiring company having a value equal to two times the exercise
price of the Right. The events set forth in this paragraph and in the next preceding paragraph are referred to as the “Triggering
Events.”
At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by such person or group of 50% or more
of the outstanding Common Stock, the Board may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such person or group
which have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock, or one one-thousandth of a
share of Series E Preferred Stock (or of a share of a class or series of the Company’s preferred stock having equivalent rights,
preferences and privileges), per Right (subject to adjustment).
The Purchase Price payable, and the number of Units of Series E Preferred Stock or other securities or property issuable, upon
exercise of the Rights are subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on, or
a subdivision, combination or reclassification of, the Series E Preferred Stock, (ii) if holders of the Series E Preferred Stock are
granted certain rights or warrants to subscribe for Series E Preferred Stock or convertible securities at less than the current
market price of the Series E Preferred Stock, or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Series E Preferred Stock of
evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular quarterly cash dividends) or of subscription rights or warrants (other
than those referred to above).
With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments amount to at least
1% of the Purchase Price. No fractional Units will be issued and, in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on
the market price of the Series E Preferred Stock on the last trading day prior to the date of exercise.
At any time until 10 business days following the Stock Acquisition Date, the Company may, at the Company’s option, redeem
the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right (payable in cash, Common Stock or other consideration
deemed appropriate by the Board ). Immediately upon the action of the Board ordering redemption of the Rights, the Rights
will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the $0.001 redemption price.
Any of the provisions of the Plan may be amended by the Board prior to the Distribution Date except that the Board may not
extend the expiration of the Rights beyond 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on May 2, 2033, unless such extension is approved
by the Company’s stockholders prior to 11:59 P.M. (New York City time) on May 2, 2033. After the Distribution Date, the
provisions of the Plan may be amended by the Board in order to cure any ambiguity, to make changes that do not adversely
affect the interests of holders of Rights, or to shorten or lengthen any time period under the Plan. The foregoing
notwithstanding, no amendment may be made at such time as the Rights are not redeemable, except to cure any ambiguity or
correct or supplement any provision contained in the Plan which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
therein.
Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no separate rights as a stockholder of the Company, including
the right to vote or to receive dividends in respect of the Rights. While the distribution of the Rights will not be taxable to the
Company’s stockholders or to the Company, stockholders may, depending upon the circumstances, recognize taxable income
in the event that the Rights become exercisable for Common Stock (or other consideration) of the Company or for common
stock of the acquiring company or in the event of the redemption of the Rights as set forth above.
12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation — The Company is and may become, from time to time, involved in legal actions in the ordinary course of business,
including governmental and administrative investigations, inquiries and proceedings concerning employment, labor,
environmental and other claims. Although management is unable to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any legal
action, management believes the ultimate liability arising from such actions, individually and in the aggregate, which existed
at December 31, 2023, will not materially affect the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash
flow. Given the inherent unpredictability of these types of proceedings, however, it is possible that future adverse outcomes
could have a material effect on our financial results.
68
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Environmental Costs — As a commercial real estate owner, the Company is subject to potential environmental costs. At
December 31, 2023, management of the Company is not aware of any environmental concerns that would have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Surety Bonds — The Company is required to maintain bonds under certain third-party agreements, as requested by certain
utility providers, and under the rules and regulations of licensing authorities and other governmental agencies. The Company
had bonds outstanding of approximately $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Month-to-Month Leases — Traditional golf has two month-to-month property leases which are cancellable by the parties with
30 days written notice. Traditional golf also has various month-to-month operating leases for carts and equipment. Lease
expense is recorded in operating expenses.
Membership Deposit Liability — In the traditional golf business, until 2021 private country club members generally paid an
advance initiation deposit upon their acceptance as a member to the respective country club. Initiation deposits are
refundable 30 years after the date of acceptance as a member. As of December 31, 2023, the total face amount of initiation
fee deposits was approximately $263.2 million with annual maturities through 2051.
In 2002, American Golf Corporation ("AGC"), when it was owned by a previous owner, entered into a Restated Membership
Deposit Assumption Agreement, with two trusts established by a previous owner of AGC (the “Trusts”) under which the Trusts
agreed to unconditionally assume the obligations of AGC to refund certain membership deposit liabilities ("MDLs") in
exchange for shares in AGC. The MDLs assumed were refundable 30 years from the date of acceptance of the member with
the first liabilities assumed by the Trusts becoming refundable in 2020. The total redemption value of membership deposit
liabilities assumed by the Trusts was $181.9 million. No asset was recorded at the time of our acquisition of AGC in recognition
of this assumption agreement for the $181.9 million of liabilities assumed by the Trusts for the following reasons: 1) the
substantial time period between the assumption of the liabilities and the first liabilities becoming refundable; 2) the inability
of AGC to verify and monitor the assets of the Trusts to ensure the ability to perform under the terms of the assumption
agreements; 3) the fact that the Trusts are not required to maintain any assets that would support such performance; 4) the
Trust settlors were not required contractually to fund the Trusts; and 5) the Company does not have the ability to determine
the likelihood that the Trusts will meet their obligations. In the event the Trusts are not able to fulfill their obligations, the
Company would be responsible for refunding the outstanding balance of the MDL and therefore, recognizes these MDLs on its
balance sheet. Though the Trusts initially assumed $181.9 million of MDLs the balance of related MDLs carried on the books of
AGC, as of December 31, 2023, has been reduced to an undiscounted nominal value of $113.8 million through various
assignments to third parties and partial membership refunds due to membership transfers. To-date, the Trust has met all of
their obligations that have come due for which the Trust assumed responsibility under the Restated Membership Deposit
Assumption Agreement. As of December 31, 2022 the Trusts had refunded a total of approximately $0.9 million of MDLs, all of
which they were obligated to pay under the terms of the assumption agreements.
Restricted Cash — Restricted cash is used as credit enhancement obligations related to the performance of lease agreements
and certain insurance claims.
Commitments — As of December 31, 2023, the Company is committed to a concession agreement in Manhattan (Randall’s
Island), New York for a Drive Shack entertainment golf venue that is not yet commenced. The minimum rent due under this
concession agreement totals $17.5 million over a term of 18 years.
Preferred Dividends in Arrears - As of December 31, 2023, $11.2 million of dividends on the Company's cumulative preferred
stock were undeclared, unpaid and in arrears.
69
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
13. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
Current:
Federal
State and Local
Total Current Provision
Deferred:
Federal
State and Local
Total Deferred Provision
Total Provision for Income Taxes
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
2023
$
$
$
$
$
(342) $
(49)
(391) $
— $
—
— $
(391) $
1,840 $
189
2,029 $
— $
—
— $
2,029 $
1,429
350
1,779
—
—
—
1,779
The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has a net
operating loss carryforward of approximately $529.5 million that is available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income, if and
when it arises. The Company has State net operating losses after apportionment and tax effect of approximately
$996.0 million. The net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2029. A portion of the net operating loss
carryforward may be limited in its use due to certain provisions of the Code, including, but not limited to Section 382, which
imposes an annual limit on the amount of net operating loss and net capital loss carryforwards that the Company can use to
offset future taxable income.
The Company and its subsidiaries file U.S. federal and state income tax returns in various jurisdictions. Generally, the Company
is no longer subject to tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2019.
The Company has assessed its tax positions for all open years. As of December 31, 2023, the Company reported a
total of $0.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. The
Company does not believe that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly
change within the next twelve months.
A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Balance as of December 31, 2022
Increase due to tax positions of current year
Decrease due to settlement
Decrease due to expiration of statue of limitations
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$
$
783
17
(118)
(471)
211
Generally, the Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate as a result of state and local taxes and
changes in the valuation allowance.
The difference between the Company's reported provision for income taxes and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% is as
follows:
70
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
Provision at the statutory rate
Permanent items
Excess Inclusion Income
State and local taxes
Valuation allowance
Unrecognized tax benefits
Other
Total Benefit (Expense)
2023
21.00 %
(1.04) %
0.05 %
(0.14) %
(20.03) %
1.39 %
(0.30) %
0.93 %
December 31,
2022
2021
21.00 %
0.41 %
(3.26) %
(0.31) %
(21.24) %
(0.32) %
(0.25) %
(3.97) %
21.00 %
(0.57) %
(7.39) %
(0.63) %
(20.60) %
1.94 %
— %
(6.25) %
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of
December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan losses
Depreciation and amortization
Accrued expenses
Interest
Operating lease liabilities
Net operating losses
Deferred revenue
Investment in Partnership
Impairment Loss
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Less valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Membership deposit liabilities
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
— $
—
1,008
3,425
54,189
170,070
5,979
4,504
11,484
58
250,717
(197,142)
53,575 $
1,745
49,956
1,874
53,575 $
— $
145
11,537
1,214
3,378
53,589
149,031
4,060
4,483
6,045
(457)
233,025
(176,611)
56,414
—
53,165
3,249
56,414
—
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some
portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon
the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets as management
does not believe that it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized.
71
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table summarizes the change in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance
Valuation allowance at December 31, 2022
Increase due to current year operations
Valuation allowance at December 31, 2023
14. (GAIN) LOSS ON LEASE TERMINATIONS AND IMPAIRMENT
$
$
176,611
20,531
197,142
The following table summarizes the amounts the Company recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
2023
Loss on lease terminations
Loss on asset retirement
Impairment on entertainment golf properties (held-for-use)
Impairment on traditional golf properties (held-for-use)
Impairment on corporate related assets
Other losses
Total Loss on Lease Terminations and Impairment
$
$
— $
1,764
31,788
541
—
—
34,093 $
2,222 $
447
13,177
1,330
—
—
17,176 $
961
—
—
—
3,187
887
5,035
Gain / loss on lease terminations and Impairment (held-for-use): During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company
recorded impairment charges of $0.5 million in the traditional golf business related to three courses for which the leases
expired and were not renewed in January 2024 and the entertainment golf business recognized an impairment of $1.8 million
related to assets for the Puttery location in Philadelphia for which a final lease termination was undertaken in 2023 due to a
change in zoning laws. Additionally, the entertainment golf business recognized impairments totaling $31.8 million related to
two underperforming Drive Shack venues in Richmond, Virginia, and Orlando, Florida. Both locations remain open and
operating with no physical disposition of the underlying assets.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of $11.3 million related to
construction in progress assets for its Drive Shack New Orleans venue as the Company determined that it will not restart
construction of the venue. The assets consist primarily of a partially constructed, unfinished building and parking lot. During
the second quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a termination agreement to terminate the underlying ground lease for
the site and recorded a $2.2 million loss on lease terminations. The Company also recorded impairment charges of $0.3
million related to assets for its Puttery location in Philadelphia during the third quarter. The Company recorded impairment
charges of $1.6 million related to certain assets acquired for our Puttery venues in Charlotte, North Carolina; Miami, Florida;
and Washington, DC. The assets consisted of gameplay tracking cameras and supporting hardware and software for our
venues. The Company has determined that it will not utilize the devices and they will therefore not be installed. The Company
is unable to recover the cost of the devices and the impairment charge represents the full value of the equipment. In addition,
the Company also recorded impairment charges of $1.0 million related to one of its traditional golf courses, Dyker Beach
during the third quarter. The Company recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million related to two of its traditional golf
courses, Clearview and La Tourette, during the fourth quarter.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss related to the Seacliff lease termination. During the
year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a gain of $2.9 million on the termination of two traditional golf
property leases. The gain primarily related to the net effect of the derecognition of long-lived asset, intangible, and ROU asset
and liability balances. Additionally, in 2021, the Company recorded $3.2 million related to the impairment on corporate
related assets, including the New York Corporate office and related assets. In 2020, the Company recorded impairment
charges totaling $3.9 million for two golf courses.
72
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
The significant inputs used to value these real estate assets fall within Level 3 for fair value reporting.
The Company evaluated the recoverability of the carrying value of these assets using the income approach based on future
assumptions of cash flows. As the fair value inputs utilized are unobservable, the Company determined that the significant
inputs used to value these properties fall within Level 3 for fair value reporting.
Other Losses: For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a $0.9 million loss on asset retirements related
to other lease terminations.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through May 31, 2024 and has determined that the below events that
occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
The Company opened the Puttery venues in Miami, Florida in January 2024 and New York City, New York in March 2024.
On January 1, 2024, the Company granted 19,949,178 shares of restricted common stock, par value $0.01 per share
(“Restricted Shares”), to Wesley Edens, Chairman of the Board, and 8,500,000 Restricted Shares to Michael Compton, Chief
Executive Officer, in recognition of their service to the Company. The terms of the Restricted Shares contain a performance
condition requiring that the Company’s stock price increase at least 66.00% from the date of grant in order to vest, measured
on a total return basis (taking into account any dividend payments).
In addition, on January 1, 2024 the Company granted 11,449,178 restricted stock units to Michael Compton, Chief Executive
Officer, as compensation for historical services as interim CEO and advisory work prior thereto beginning in Q1 2023, in lieu of
cash compensation. The RSUs will vest on February 2, 2024.
The grants are subject to the terms of the shareholder-approved Drive Shack Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”),
which are incorporated by reference in the grant documents. The Restricted Shares are generally subject to performance-
based cliff vesting, are not subject to accelerated vesting upon a termination of employment and are not transferable prior to
the vesting date. The grants are entitled to voting and dividend rights prior to vesting, subject to clawback in the event the
performance condition is not met.
73
DRIVE SHACK INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in tables in thousands, except share and per share data)
This report has been duly signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized:
SIGNATURES
DRIVE SHACK INC.
By: /s/ Wesley R. Edens
Wesley R. Edens
Chairman of the Board
May 31, 2024
This report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.
By: /s/ Wesley R. Edens
Wesley R. Edens
Chairman of the Board
May 31, 2024
By: /s/ Michael Compton
Michael Compton
Interim Chief Executive Officer
May 31, 2024
By: /s/ Keith Sbarbaro
Keith Sbarbaro
Director
May 31, 2024
By: /s/ Benjamin M. Crane
Benjamin M. Crane
Director
May 31, 2024
By: /s/ William J. Clifford
William J. Clifford
Director
May 31, 2024
74